The Story of Osiris Osiris Was the King of Egypt

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Story of Osiris Osiris Was the King of Egypt Story The Story of Osiris Osiris was the King of Egypt. During his reign, Osiris’ people were happy and well-fed. However, Osiris’ brother Seth became very jealous of the king’s success. While Osiris was travelling and bringing his blessings to other nations, Seth came up with a devious plan. Secretly, Seth found out Osiris’ exact body measurements and asked for a beautiful chest to be made that he knew would only fit Osiris. Upon Osiris’ return from his travels, Seth invited his brother to a great feast. During the celebrations, Seth revealed the exquisite chest and declared that he would give it to anyone who fitted into it exactly. Many tried and failed to fit into the chest, and eventually, Osiris asked to try. He was delighted that the chest fitted him perfectly, but at that very moment, Seth’s evil plan revealed itself; he slammed the lid, nailed it shut and sealed every crack with molten lead. Osiris died within the chest and his soul (or ‘ka’) moved on into the spirit world. Seth ruthlessly cast the chest that contained Osiris’ body into the River Nile. Isis, who was Osiris’ sister and wife, was devastated and feared for the safety of Horus, their child. She secretly fled into the marshes to look after Horus but was afraid that Seth would find the baby and murder him. So when Isis found shelter on a small, isolated island, which was home to the goddess Buto, she asked Buto to guard Horus. For extra protection, Isis transformed the island into a floating island, so it never stayed in one place permanently. Isis then searched far and wide for the body of Osiris so she could hold a traditional service that would allow Osiris’ spirit to move to a better place in the spirit world. She eventually found the chest within a pillar of wood inside a royal palace! The chest had become part of a tree that had been cut down and placed within the building. Isis returned the chest to Egypt and hid it in the marshes. Pharaohs Copyright © 2017 Cornerstones Education Limited However, sometime later, Seth was hunting wild boar with his dogs and he discovered the chest! He was enraged. This time, he was determined to be rid of Osiris for good. So, he cut Osiris’ body into fourteen pieces and had them scattered far and wide. Isis did not give up on Osiris. She again searched until she found thirteen parts of his body and put them back together, using magic to rejoin them and to replace the missing fourteenth part. Isis then asked her sister Nephthys and her nephew Anubis (who was also Osiris’ son) to help her to produce the first mummy. They embalmed Osiris’ body and hid it away in a secret place. Osiris’ soul then moved to a place in the spirit world where he could rule over the dead. The spirit of Osiris often visited his son, Horus, teaching him how to be a great warrior. When fully grown, Horus challenged Seth to a battle to avenge the death of his father. This battle became a terrible war. Both men survived the war, but neither could secure an overall victory. The gods decided that Horus should be King of Egypt. He took on the powers of Osiris, who then became god of the underworld. Seth became the ruler of the deserts as the god of chaos and evil. Copyright © 2017 Cornerstones Education Limited.
Recommended publications
  • Naukratis, Heracleion-Thonis and Alexandria
    Originalveröffentlichung in: Damian Robinson, Andrew Wilson (Hg.), Alexandria and the North-Western Delta. Joint conference proceedings of Alexandria: City and Harbour (Oxford 2004) and The Trade and Topography of Egypt's North-West Delta, 8th century BC to 8th century AD (Berlin 2006), Oxford 2010, S. 15-24 2: Naukratis, Heracleion-Thonis and Alexandria - Remarks on the Presence and Trade Activities of Greeks in the North-West Delta from the Seventh Century BC to the End of the Fourth Century BC Stefan Pfeiffer The present article examines how Greek trade in Egypt 2. Greeks and SaTtic Egypt developed and the consequences that the Greek If we disregard the Minoan and Mycenaean contacts economic presence had on political and economic condi ­ with Egypt, we can establish Greco-Egyptian relations as tions in Egypt. I will focus especially on the Delta region far back as the seventh century BC.2 A Greek presence and, as far as possible, on the city of Heracleion-Thonis on in the Delta can be established directly or indirectly for the Egyptian coast, discovered by Franck Goddio during the following places: Naukratis, Korn Firin, Sais, Athribis, underwater excavations at the end of the twentieth Bubastis, Mendes, Tell el-Mashkuta, Daphnai and century. The period discussed here was an exceedingly Magdolos. 3 In most of the reports, 4 Rhakotis, the settle­ exciting one for Egypt, as the country, forced by changes ment preceding Alexandria, is mentioned as the location in foreign policy, reversed its isolation from the rest of the of the Greeks, an assumption based on a misinterpreted ancient world.
    [Show full text]
  • Comments to the Lithic Industry of the Buto-Maadi Culture in Lower Egypt
    ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AND HUMAN CULTURE IN THE NILE BASIN AND NORTHERN AFRICA UNTIL THE SECOND MILLENNIUM B.C. Poznari 1993 PL ISSN 0866-9244 ISBN 83-900434-1-6 Klaus Schmidt Comments to the lithic industry of the Buto-Maadi culture in Lower Egypt New investigation of the Predynastic cultures of Lower Egypt - for a long time only known from short preliminary reports of old excavations - now allow a better understanding of the period in this region. The excavations at Merimde- Benisalame (Eiwanger 1984; 1988) and Tell el-Fara'in (von der Way 1986; 1987; 1988; 1989), the historical Buto, as well as re-examination of old excavation finds from el-Omari (Debono and Mortensen 1990), Heliopolis (Debono and Morten- sen 1988) and Maadi (Rizkana and Seeher 1984; 1985; 1987; 1988) have changed the situation. Today the prehistory of Lower Egypt is better known than that of Upper Egypt. In addition to pottery, normally used in “classicaT' comparative studies, now in Lower Egypt exists the possibility for comparisons in lithics. The investigations of Upper Egyptian lithic samples, especially the reassessment of old material are restricted by the absence of good stratigraphic sequences (McHugh 1982: 85; Holmes 1988)). The continuing excavation at Tell el-Fara'in (Buto) present, after Merimde, a chronologically extended stratigraphic sequence of different cultural layers: starting with the period of Maadi (layer I) the stratigraphy at Buto continues into the Early Dynastic Period (layer V) without any visible hiatus (von der Way 1989). Now we are able to recognize that the Maadi culture is not a local phenomenon, but distributed over the whole Delta with some additional smaller sites south of Cairo (Habachi and Kaiser 1985; Kaiser 1985; Mortensen 1985; Junker 1912: 2).
    [Show full text]
  • Predynastic Burials
    UCLA UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology Title Predynastic Burials Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2m3463b2 Journal UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, 1(1) Author Stevenson, Alice Publication Date 2009-12-05 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California PREDYNASTIC BURIALS دفنات ما قبل التاريخ Alice Stevenson EDITORS WILLEKE WENDRICH Editor-in-Chief Area Editor Material Culture University of California, Los Angeles JACCO DIELEMAN Editor University of California, Los Angeles ELIZABETH FROOD Editor University of Oxford JOHN BAINES Senior Editorial Consultant University of Oxford Short Citation: Stevenson 2009, Predynastic Burials. UEE. Full Citation: Stevenson, Alice, 2009, Predynastic Burials. In Willeke Wendrich (ed.), UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles. http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz001nf6jk 1050 Version 1, December 2009 http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz001nf6jk PREDYNASTIC BURIALS دفنات ما قبل التاريخ Alice Stevenson Prädynastische Gräber Enterrements à l’époque prédynastique In ancient Egypt, the primary evidence for the Predynastic Period, principally the fourth millennium BCE, derives from burials. In Upper Egypt, there is a clear trend over the period towards greater investment in mortuary facilities and rituals, experimentation in body treatments, and increasing disparity in burial form and content between a small number of elite and a larger non-elite population. In Maadi/Buto contexts in Lower Egypt, pit burials remained simple with minimal differentiation and less of a focus upon display-orientated rituals. يأتي الكم اﻷكبر من الدﻻئل اﻷثرية التي تشھد على عصر ما قبل التاريخ (القرن الرابع قبل الميﻻد) من الدفنات، فيوجد بمصر العليا اھتمام واضح خﻻل ھذه الفترة الزمنية باﻻماكن الجنائزية والطقوس، واختبار طرق جديدة لمعالجة اﻷجساد، ويظھر أيضاً بھذا الوقت فجوة كبيرة ما بين دفنات علية القوم واﻷغلبية العظمى من عامة الشعب.
    [Show full text]
  • Yasser Abd El Tawab Nour (JAAUTH), Vol
    Yasser Abd El Tawab Nour (JAAUTH), Vol. 17 No. 1, 2019, pp. 16-25. The Effect of the Legend of Osiris on the Behaviour of the King Ptolemy Philadelphus Yasser Abd El Tawab Nour El Hady El Sherif the Tour Guidance Department High Institute of Specific Studies, El-Haram, El-Giza ARTICLE INFO Abstract Keywords: It is clear that, king Ptolemy "Philadelphus" was affected by the legend king Ptolemy of Osiris and what had accured to the four brothers, Osiris "Wsir", Isis "Philadelphus"; "Ast", Seth "stX", and Nephthys "Nbt-Hwt", and specially what had legend of Osiris; happened to god Osiris and his beloved sister-wife Isis. Therefore, this queen Arsinoe II. effect appeared clearly in the behaviour and deeds of king Ptolemy II “Philadelphus”as manifested in their cases. Firstly in honour of both Osiris and Isis he built the temple of Osiris in the city of Pithom and the (JAAUTH) great temple of Isis at the Island of Philae. Secondly by his marriage to Vol. 17, No. 1, his beloved sister-wife queen Arsinoe II as the case of Osiris and Isis in (2019), the legend. So "Philadelphus" is considered the first Ptolemaic king pp. 16-25 who married his sister. Thirdly, by honouring and deifying both of his dead father Ptolemy I "Soteros" and his dead mother queen Berenike I and then his deifying his beloved sister-wife queen Arsinoe II. Imitating Isis when she honoured her dead husband Osiris and Horus "Hr" when he honoured his dead father Osiris and his beloved mother Isis. Thereon both king Ptolemy II “Philadelphus” and his beloved sister-wife queen “Arsinoe II” become representing god Osiris and goddess Isis on the earth.
    [Show full text]
  • Kolodziejczyk
    Lower Egypt in modern research on state formation in Egypt Piotr Kołodziejczyk In the mid of september 2005 in Tulouse (France) the II-nd International Conference “Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt - Origin of the State” has ended. The first conference, which took place in Cracow in 2002 gave a new impulse for researchers and scientists dealing with all the aspects of the origin of state of pharaohs. Until quite lately the Nile Delta was one of white spot’s on the archeological map of Egypt. It is obvious today that last years brought great changes in research progress and in our knowledge on this area. This progress requires verification of many theory‘s about participation of the Nile Delta in the Egyptian state formation. The history of research on prepharaonic Egypt reaches second half of the 19th century and its beginnings and biggest discoveries are related with Upper Egypt. First finds from the second half of the 19th century were not correctly classified. Between 1894 – 1895 the large predynastic cemetaries in Naqada and Ballas were excavated by W.M.F. Petrie i J.E. Quibell. These investigations brought about new discoveries which became a base for the new Petrie’s theory about new race that possessed Egypt during the Middle Kingdom period. After several years of investigations which included excavations in Abadieh and Hu cemeteries (1901) and under influence of J. De Morgan’s work (1896-1897) who was the first one having remarked the existence of earlier stages, Petrie verified his former views and linked up those early finds with predynastic period.
    [Show full text]
  • Dinosaurs and Pterosaurs in Greek and Roman Art and Literature? an Investigation of Young-Earth Creationist Claims
    Palaeontologia Electronica palaeo-electronica.org Dinosaurs and pterosaurs in Greek and Roman art and literature? An investigation of young-earth creationist claims Phil Senter ABSTRACT Many young-Earth creationist (YEC) authors claim that ancient Greek and Roman writings describe dinosaurs and pterosaurs, and that Greco-Roman art illustrates Mesozoic reptiles. Such claims are used as “evidence” against evolutionary theory in an attempt to cast doubt on the separation of humans and such animals by millions of years. However, examination of the Greco-Roman materials in question reveals that none of them actually depict Mesozoic reptiles. In descriptions of “dragons” (Greek drakōn; Latin draco) in Greco-Roman literature—which YEC authors claim are dino- saurs—coils and the epithets ophis, serpens, and anguis reveal that the ancient authors are describing snakes, often large constrictors. This is the case for the draco described by Pliny. Phrygian dragons described by Aelian, the Vatican Hill child-eater mentioned by Pliny, the Bagradas River dragon, the legendary dragons that Alexander the Great supposedly encountered, and dragons in Greek mythology. An alleged thero- pod dinosaur in the Nile Mosaic of Palestrina is a mammal, possibly an otter. An alleged dinosaur in a Pompeii fresco is a crocodile. Herodotus’ description of winged snakes is anatomically incompatible with pterosaurs and possibly refers to cobras. Alleged pterosaurs on an Alexandrian coin are winged snakes. An alleged Etruscan pterosaur head sculpture depicts a mammal. Two alleged Tanystropheus in a Roman mosaic from Lydney Park, England are mythical sea monsters. These YEC claims now join the ranks of discredited “evidence” against evolutionary theory.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Egypt - Predynastic Period - Cultures of Lower Egypt
    DOI: URL: https://religiondatabase.org/browse/1016 Poll: Religious Group (v6) Published on: 16 December 2020 Ancient Egypt - Predynastic Period - Cultures of Lower Egypt By Caroline Arbuckle, University of British Columbia Entry tags: Egyptian Religions, Prehistoric Religion, African Religions, Religious Group The Predynastic Period in Lower Egypt (the north of Egypt) is associated with the material culture that was once referred to as Buto-Maadi. This is seen at a number of sites in northern Egypt, but is slowly replaced by the Naqada culture of southern Egypt in what is referred to as the period Naqada IC-IIB. After this, Egypt becomes a unified state. Most of this period is devoid of texts, with simple labels showing up right at the end. This means that our religious knowledge for this era is completely based on an interpretation of the material evidence. Many of these interpretations are built on the belief of continuity of practice between this early phase and later Egyptian religion. This is somewhat problematic, as the meaning of objects and practices may have changed over time. There is therefore disagreement on what religion was like in this prehistoric period, which should be kept in mind. As new evidence surfaces, these interpretations may change. Date Range: 4000 BCE - 3400 BCE Region: Peregrine_LowerEgyptPreDynastic Region tags: Africa, Northern Africa, Egypt From Peter N. Peregrine's Encyclopedia of Prehistory. Status of Participants: ✓ Non-elite (common people, general populace) Sources Print sources for understanding this subject: — Source 1: Andelkovic, Branislav 2011. “Political Organization of Egypt in the Predynastic Period” in Before the Pyramids: the Origins of Egyptian Civilization, edited by Emily Teeter.
    [Show full text]
  • Perceptions of the Serpent in the Ancient Near East: Its Bronze Age Role in Apotropaic Magic, Healing and Protection
    PERCEPTIONS OF THE SERPENT IN THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST: ITS BRONZE AGE ROLE IN APOTROPAIC MAGIC, HEALING AND PROTECTION by WENDY REBECCA JENNIFER GOLDING submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the subject ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN STUDIES at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: PROFESSOR M LE ROUX November 2013 Snake I am The Beginning and the End, The Protector and the Healer, The Primordial Creator, Wisdom, all-knowing, Duality, Life, yet the terror in the darkness. I am Creation and Chaos, The water and the fire. I am all of this, I am Snake. I rise with the lotus From muddy concepts of Nun. I am the protector of kings And the fiery eye of Ra. I am the fiery one, The dark one, Leviathan Above and below, The all-encompassing ouroboros, I am Snake. (Wendy Golding 2012) ii SUMMARY In this dissertation I examine the role played by the ancient Near Eastern serpent in apotropaic and prophylactic magic. Within this realm the serpent appears in roles in healing and protection where magic is often employed. The possibility of positive and negative roles is investigated. The study is confined to the Bronze Age in ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia and Syria-Palestine. The serpents, serpent deities and deities with ophidian aspects and associations are described. By examining these serpents and deities and their roles it is possible to incorporate a comparative element into his study on an intra- and inter- regional basis. In order to accumulate information for this study I have utilised textual and pictorial evidence, as well as artefacts (such as jewellery, pottery and other amulets) bearing serpent motifs.
    [Show full text]
  • Per-Wadjet (Upper Egypt)
    Per-Wadjet (Upper Egypt) Wadjet: Wadjet, cobra goddess of ancient Egypt. Depicted as a cobra twined around a papyrus stem, she was the tutelary goddess of Lower Egypt. Wadjet and Nekhbet, the vulture-goddess of Upper Egypt, were the protective goddesses of the king and were sometimes represented together on the kingâ™s diadem Buto is the Greek form of the ancient Egyptian Per Wadjit (Coptic Pouto, âœHouse of Wadjitâ), the name of the capital of the 6th Lower Egyptian nome (province), present-day Tall al-FarÄÊ¿Ä«n, of which the goddess was the local deity. Per-Wadjet also contained a sanctuary of Horus, the child of the sun deity who would be interpreted to represent the pharaoh. Much later, Wadjet became associated with Isis as well as with many other deities. After Lower Egypt had been conquered by Upper Egypt and they were unified, the lioness goddess of Upper Egypt, Sekhmet, was seen as the more powerful of the two warrior goddesses. It was Sekhmet who was seen as the "Avenger of Wrongs" and "the Scarlet Lady", a reference to blood, as the one with bloodlust. Per-Wadjet was an Ancient Egyptian town in the 10th Upper Egyptian nome. The ancient town is identical with the modern village Kom Ishqau. Per-Wadjet is known from Egyptian sources since the New Kingdom. It was a cult place for Hathor, who was here identified with Wadjet. The Greeks identified Hathor with Aphrodite and called the town Aphroditopolis or Aphrodito. In Greek and Roman times the town was sometimes the nome capital.
    [Show full text]
  • THE CADUCEUS and ITS SYMBOLISM by ROBERT WILSON, Jr., M
    THE CADUCEUS AND ITS SYMBOLISM By ROBERT WILSON, jr., m. d. CHARLESTON, S. C. HE association of the Caduceus the U. S. Public Health Service, and in 1902 with Hermes, or Mercury, the by the United States Army as a designation messenger of the gods, and the of medical officers. The Royal Army Medi­ Tpatron of trade, seems to give cal Corps use the staff with the single no intimation of its right to become the serpent which is the form now appearing on accepted symbol of the medical profession. the button of the American Medical This right, indeed, has been called into Association. question and the staff of Aesculapius with a The most ancient illustration of the single serpent twined around it, is regarded Caduceus which is known is upon the as the correct emblem. The symbolism of libation vase dedicated by Gudea, King of the serpent, however, is the same in both, Lagash, to the god Ningishzida. This figure but the winged Caduceus probably embodies does not show the wings which usually an interesting combination of two primitive appear upon the Caduceus of Greek and cults which were associated with the earliest Roman mythology. This interesting vase conceptions of the healing art. was unearthed upon the site of Lagash According to Garrison,1 the Caduceus was and Frothingham thinks it indicates the first used as a medical emblem in the Assyrio-Babylonian origin of the Caduceus sixteenth century when Johann Froeben, which ultimately found its way from Accad publisher of medical books, employed it as a and Sumer into the later Greek and Roman title page device; and a little later Sir civilizations.
    [Show full text]
  • Bathing in the Shadow of the Pyramids. Greek Baths in Egypt, Back to an Original Bath Model Thibaud Fournet, Bérangère Redon
    Bathing in the shadow of the pyramids. Greek Baths in Egypt, Back to an Original Bath Model Thibaud Fournet, Bérangère Redon To cite this version: Thibaud Fournet, Bérangère Redon. Bathing in the shadow of the pyramids. Greek Baths in Egypt, Back to an Original Bath Model. Bérangère Redon. Collective baths in Egypt 2. New discoveries and perspectives, Presses de l’IFAO, pp.99-137, 2017, 9782724706963. hal-01758076 HAL Id: hal-01758076 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01758076 Submitted on 7 Dec 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Collective Baths in Egypt 2 25New siècles Discoveries de bainand Perspectives collectif en Orient Proche-Orient, Égypte et péninsule Arabique T H E R M A E Edited by AuteurBérangère Redon Specimen Institut français d’archéologie orientale Études urbaines 10 – 2017 Dans la même collection : Marie-Françoise Boussac, Sylvie Denoix, Thibaud Fournet et Bérangère Redon (éds.), 25 siècles de bain collectif en Orient. Proche-Orient, Égypte et péninsule Arabique, 2014. Julien Loiseau, Reconstruire la Maison du sultan (2 vol.), 2010. Marie-Françoise Boussac, Thibaud Fournet et Bérangère Redon, Le bain collectif en Égypte, 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • 11874113.Pdf
    Defining Civilization - McAdams Class stratification Ownership and control of production Political and religious hierarchies Central administration Division of labor Skilled workers Officials Peasants Defining Civilization - Childe Size and density of cities Surplus (craft specialization) Specialized labor Class structured society State organization Monumental public works Foreign exchange Highly developed art Writing Arithmetic, geometry, astronomy Defining Civilization - Trigger 1. Economic complexity = division of labor in craft production, people divorced from food production 2. Different strategies for obtaining food 3. Political context Defining Civilization - Kluckhohn 1. Permanent towns with at least 5,000 residents 2. Record keeping 3. Monumental ceremonial architecture Basic Chronology Upper Egypt Lower Egypt Dates (BC) Period Naqada I Maadi-Buto 4200-3600 Chalcolithic Naqada II Maadi-Buto 3600-3300 EBIa Naqada III (unification) 3300-3000 EBIb Early Dyn. (1-2) 3000-2700 EBII Old Kingdom (3-6) Pyramids 2700-2200 EBIII 1st Intermediate (factionalism) 2200-2000 EBIV/MBI Mid. Kingdom “Classic period” 2000-1700 MBI New Kingdom 1550-1069 Environmental Circumscription Nile Valley very fertile, surrounded by barren desert Forces people to stay in valley, limits mobility Political significance – Magnifies competitive pressures Nile Valley, “Socio- political pressure cooker” The Nile: Unifying Force North-South wind South to north river flow Allows transport along 800 kms of valley Encourages communication, contact, and magnifies social
    [Show full text]