DOCSLIB.ORG

A Comprehensive Approach to the Study of Electoral Reform: an Analysis of Chile’S Road to Electoral Reform (1989-2015) Issue Date: 2021-02-24

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Comprehensive Approach to the Study of Electoral Reform: an Analysis of Chile’S Road to Electoral Reform (1989-2015) Issue Date: 2021-02-24 Cover Page The handle https://hdl.handle.net/1887/3142394 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Niemann Peralta, P.V. Title: A comprehensive approach to the study of electoral reform: An analysis of Chile’s road to electoral reform (1989-2015) Issue Date: 2021-02-24 A Comprehensive Approach to the Study of Electoral Reform: An Analysis of Chile’s Road to Electoral Reform (1989-2015) Pamela Niemann Peralta A Comprehensive Approach to the Study of Electoral Reform: An Analysis of Chile’s Road to Electoral Reform (1989-2015) Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van Rector Magnificus prof.dr.ir. H. Bijl, volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties te verdedigen op woensdag 24 februari 2021 klokke 11:15 uur door Pamela Valentina Niemann Peralta geboren te Valparaíso (Chili) in 1987 Promotores: Prof.dr. P. Silva Prof.dr. P. Navia (Universidad Diego Portales / New York University, NYU) Promotiecommissie: Prof.dr. E. Amann Mw.Prof.dr. R. Castiglioni (Universidad Diego Portales) Prof.dr. M.A. Moreno (Universidad Central de Chile) Table of Contents Index of Tables v Acronyms vi Acknowledgements VIIIviii Introduction 1 Chapter 1 A Comprehensive Approach to the Study of Electoral Reform: Assessing, Building and Broadening Traditional Approaches 22 1.1 The Value and Weight of History in Institutional Development: Historical Institutionalism, Institutional Change and Electoral Reform 23 1.2 Change and Continuity: The Two Possible Roads of Institutional Development 26 1.3 HI and Institutional Change: The Approach’s Conception of Type and Frequency of Change 27 1.4 Punctualist, Discontinuous or Disruptive Change: A Shock Associated Form of Institutional Change 29 1.4.1 Critical Junctures: Short Lived Windows of Institutional Change 30 1.4.2 Path Dependence: The Weight of Previous Choices in the Construction of New Institutional Arrangements 31 1.5 Incremental, Gradual or Cumulative Change: The Slow - Sometimes Invisible- Form of Institutional Change 33 1.6 HI’s Approach to Electoral Reform: How, When and Why Reforms Develop Over Time 35 1.7 RCI’s Conception of Institutional Change and Electoral Reform: Rational Actors and Calculated Choices 36 1.8 Electoral Institutions as Formal Constrains in Electoral Reform Research 39 1.8.1 Institutions: The Field of Action for Political Actors 41 1.8.1.1 Electoral Laws: The Formal Constraints for Political Actor Behaviour 41 1.8.1.2 Party, Party Leaders, and Coalitions: The Other Institutional Constraints for Individual Preference Formation and Behaviour 42 1.8.1.3 Non-Institutional Motivations and Constraints: Values, Ideology, Culture and Other Determinants of Legislator Preference and Behaviour Regarding Electoral Reform 46 1.9 An Overview of Existing Multi-Approach Frameworks in the Study of Electoral Reform 47 1.10 Electoral Reform Literature Review 50 I Chapter 2 Rethinking Electoral Reforms: Building Blocks for a More Comprehensive Understanding of Electoral Reform 58 2.1 Defining Electoral Reform: Ups and Downs of Previous and Current Conceptualization Approaches 59 2.1.1 Electoral Laws as the Object of Electoral Reform 61 2.1.2 Traditional Approaches to the Definition and Study of Major Reforms 64 2.1.3 Tracing the Development of the Concept of Electoral Reform: From Exclusively Major to Comprehensive Conceptualizations 67 2.1.3.1 The Founding Conceptualizations of Electoral Reform: Douglas Rae and Arendt Lijphart 67 2.1.3.2 Other Conceptualizations of Electoral Reform 69 2.1.3.3 Richard Katz and the Identification of Minor and Technical Reforms 71 2.1.4 Major Reforms: The ‘Big’ Type of Electoral Reforms 72 2.1.5 Minor and Technical Reforms: The Smaller, Less Visible Type of Electoral Reforms 73 2.1.5.1 Minor Reforms: Modifying Within the Electoral Formula 73 2.1.5.1 Technical Reforms: The Smallest Type of Electoral Reform 74 2.1.6 Moving Forward: A (more) Comprehensive Definition of Electoral Reform 75 2.2 Determinants of Electoral Reform: The Inherent and Contingent Causes of Electoral Reform 83 2.2.1 Electoral Reform Determinants in Light of the Theoretical Framework 84 2.2.2 Determinants of Electoral Reform: Insights from HI 85 2.2.2.1 Enabling Reforms: The Gradual Construction of the Inherent Conditions for Electoral Reform 86 2.2.3 Determinants of Electoral Reform: Insights from RCI 87 2.2.3.1 Improvement of Re-election Prospects: A Motive for Individual Legislators, Parties and Coalitions 91 2.2.3.2 Culture, Values, Experiences and Ideologies as Other Motivations for Legislators 95 2.2.3.3 Parties: Values and Ideology as Motives (For or Against Reform) 96 2.2.3.4 Coalitions and Non-Instrumental Motivations 96 Chapter 3 The Role of the Enabling Reforms: Modifying Chile’s Binominal System 99 3.1 The 1980 Constitution and the Construction of the Binominal Electoral System 100 II 3.1.1 The Military Regime’s Political Diagnosis and their Institutional Design 101 3.1.2 The Making of the 1980 Political Constitution and the Binominal Electoral System 102 3.1.2.1 The Ortúzar Commission 104 3.1.2.2 The Council of State Commission (1976–1990) 110 3.1.2.1 The Fernández Commission 114 3.1.2.4 The 1980 Political Constitution 115 3.2 The Binominal System 119 3.2.1 Constitutional Organic Law N° 18.700 120 3.2.2 Constitutional Organic Law N° 18.799 120 3.2.3 The 1988 National Plebiscite 121 3.3 The Enabling Process of the Binominal Electoral System Reform 123 3.3.1 The Enabling Reforms: The Gradual Development of the Inherent Conditions for Reform (1989-2014) 124 3.3.1.1 The 1989 Reforms 125 3.3.1.2 The 2005 Constitutional Reform 130 Chapter 4 The Last Stage of Reform: The Role of Contingency 137 4.1 Social Unrest and Conflict Within the Right-Wing Coalition: The “Alianza” and the Piñera Administration (2010–2014) 138 4.2 President Bachelet’s Government Program and First Year in Office: The Fruits of the Honeymoon Effect 145 4.2.1 The Reform: Presidential Message N° 076-362 148 4.3 The Reform Congress 151 4.3.1 The Senate 153 4.3.2 The Chamber of Deputies 154 4.4 The Parties and Coalitions of the Reform 155 4.4.1 The Pro-Reform Parties 155 4.4.2 The Anti-Reform Parties 161 4.4.3 The Pro-Reform Coalition 163 4.5 The Last Stage of Chile’s Electoral Reform Process 165 4.6 The New Electoral System 169 4.7 The Motives and Objectives Behind the Electoral Reform 170 4.7.1 Improvement of Legislator Re-election Prospects 177 III 4.7.2 Improvement of Party Seat-Share Prospects 178 4.7.3 The Coalition’s Prospects 180 Conclusion 183 References 198 Annex 214 Samenvatting 215 Curriculum Vitae 225 IV Index of Tables Table 1: Conceptualization of Minor Electoral Reforms 74 Table 2: Conceptualization of Technical Electoral Reforms 75 Table 3: Identified Dimensions of the Electoral Law 77 Table 4: Composition of the Chilean Senate by Political Coalition from 1990-2018 132 Table 5: Party Alignments in Congress (2014) 153 Table 6: Party Alignment Evolution in the Senate (2010-2014) 154 V Acronyms AMP: Amplitude/ Amplitud CA: Constitutional Acts CEP: Centro de Estudios Públicos CJ: Critical Junctures COL: Constitutional Organic Law / Ley Orgánica Constitucional COSENA: National Security Council / Consejo de Seguridad Nacional CPD: Concertation of Parties for Democracy / Concertación de Partidos por la Democracia D.L.: Decree Law GQ: Gender Quotas HI: Historical Institutionalism IC: Citizen Left / Izquierda Ciudadana LDP: Liberal Democratic Party M: Magnitude MAS: Broad Social Movement / Movimiento Amplio Social MD: District Magnitude MMP: Mixed Member Proportional MWC: Minimal Winning Coalition NM: New Majority / Nueva Mayoría PC: Communist Party/ Partido Comunista PDC: Christian Democrat Party / Partido Demócrata Cristiano PL: Liberal Party / Partido Liberal PPD: Party for Democracy / Partido Por La Democracia PR: Proportional Representation PRI: Independent Regionalist Party / Partido Regionalista Independiente PRSD: Radical Party / Partido Radical Social Demócrata PS: Socialist Party / Partido Socialista RCI: Rational Choice Institutionalism VI RN: Renovación Nacional SI: Sociological Institutionalism SMD: Single Member District SMP: Single Member Plurality SNTV: Single Non-Transferable Vote T.D.: Transitory Dispositions UDI: Independent Democratic Union / Unión Demócrata Independiente UP: Popular Unity / Unidad Popular VII Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor, Prof. Patricio Silva for his guidance, interest and thoughtful critique of the project. He has given shape to this dissertation and contributed to polish it in its final stages with meticulous comments and suggestions. I would also like to express my gratitude to my co-supervisor, Prof. Patricio Navia who helped me make this dissertation possible and for challenging me to become a better researcher and academic. I could not have done this without the help and support of my close family and friends. I would like to thank my friend and colleague, Lisa Zanotti, who generously shared her experience and thoughts with me throughout this endeavour. I would also like to thank my friends, ‘las9’ and Paulina Dardel for providing comfort and drive during testing times. You helped me pull through when I did not see the way. I would like to thank my husband, Nicolás Díaz, for accompanying and encouraging me since day one. You sat with me every weekend for over two years. I was able to write this dissertation because you gave me the space, time, counsel and encouragement to do so. You always believed I could do it. To my family, Marce, Fran and Fede and especially Mom and Dad. Thank you for supporting me in every decision I make. It was in your house I sat with Nico and did most of my reading and writing.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2021 Year Ahead
    2021 YEAR AHEAD Claudio Brocado Anthony Brocado January 29, 2021 1 2020 turned out to be quite unusual. What may the year ahead and beyond bring? As the year got started, the consensus was that a strong 2019 for equities would be followed by a positive first half, after which meaningful volatility would kick in due to the US presidential election. In the spirit of our prefer- ence for a contrarian stance, we had expected somewhat the opposite: some profit-taking in the first half of 2020, followed by a rally that would result in a positive balance at year-end. But in the way of the markets – which always tend to catch the largest number of participants off guard – we had what some would argue was one of the strangest years in recent memory. 2 2020 turned out to be a very eventful year. The global virus crisis (GVC) brought about by the coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic was something no serious market observer had anticipated as 2020 got started. Volatility had been all but nonexistent early in what we call ‘the new 20s’, which had led us to expect the few remaining volatile asset classes, such as cryptocurrencies, to benefit from the search for more extreme price swings. We had expected volatilities across asset classes to show some convergence. The markets delivered, but not in the direction we had expected. Volatilities surged higher across many assets, with the CBOE volatility index (VIX) reaching some of the highest readings in many years. As it became clear that what was commonly called the novel coronavirus would bring about a pandemic as it spread to the remotest corners of the world at record speeds, the markets feared the worst.
    [Show full text]
  • JSSE Journal of Social Science Education
    Journal of Social Science JSSE Education ‘Politics is ethics done in public’: Exploring Linkages and Disjunctions between Citizenship Education and Character Education in England Ben Kisby Clarifying the Characteristics and Exploring the Collaboration of Citizenship and Character Education in South Korea Sun Young Park Neoliberal education? Comparing Character and Citizenship Education in Singapore and Civics and Citizenship Education in Australia Jia Ying Neoh Education to Thrive in a Heterogeneous and Democratic Society - A Task for Citizenship and Character Education? Results of Case Studies in three Berlin Schools Ewa Bacia, Angela Ittel Class Council Between Democracy Learning and Character Education Jürgen Budde, Nora Weuster Maintaining Interest in Politics: ‘Engagement First’ in a U.S. High School Government Course Jane C. Lo, Gavin Tierney The Role of Turkish National Holidays in Promoting Character and Citizenship Education Mehmet Acikalin, Hamide Kilic Mock Elections in Civic Education: A Space for Critical Democratic Citizenship Development Isolde De Groot Civics and Social Science Education in the Nordic Conference on School Subjects (NoFa 6) Katharina Propst Journal of Social Science Education Volume 16, Number 3, Fall 2017 ISSN 1618–5293 Masthead Editors: Reinhold Hedtke, Bielefeld University, Faculty of Sociology Ian Davies, Department of Educational Studies, University of York Andreas Fischer, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences Tilman Grammes, University of Hamburg, Faculty of Educational
    [Show full text]
  • Sigma: Journal of Political and International Studies
    Sigma: Journal of Political and International Studies Volume 38 Article 10 5-1-2021 Sigma: Journal of Political and International Studies Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/sigma Part of the International and Area Studies Commons, and the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation (2021) "Sigma: Journal of Political and International Studies," Sigma: Journal of Political and International Studies: Vol. 38 , Article 10. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/sigma/vol38/iss1/10 This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sigma: Journal of Political and International Studies by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Journal of Political and International Studies VOLUME XXXVIII 2021 SIGMAJournal of Political and International Studies VOLUME XXXVIII • 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS A Letter From the Editor ......................................................................................................1 Diverging Identities: The Juxtaposition of Palestinians in Israel and the Occupied Territories Micah Russell ........................................................................................................................3 Populism and Evangelicalism: A Cross-Country Analysis of Chile and the United States Adam Roberts ......................................................................................................................33
    [Show full text]
  • S 2015 Electoral Reform: Changing the Rules of the Game Ricardo Gamboa Mauricio Morales
    Country Note Chile’s 2015 Electoral Reform: Changing the Rules of the Game Ricardo Gamboa Mauricio Morales ABSTRACT In 2015, a center-left government introduced an electoral reform that replaced the binomial electoral system governing parliamentary elections since 1989 with a more proportional system. This article provides an account of the reform process, describes the new electoral law, and discusses the factors explaining the reform. We argue, first, that it was possible, due to the incentives the government provided, to secure the support of an ample majority of parliamentarians; also, a new and favor- able political scenario had emerged, in which the support of the main right-wing parties was not necessary for the reform to pass. Second, we maintain that the reform sought mainly to resolve problems affecting the parties of the governing coalition related to negotiations of coalition lists for elections. As a complementary objective, the reform promoted a general interest by establishing rules that allowed a “fairer” system of representation and improved competitive conditions. his country note examines the origins of the 2015 electoral reform. Since 1989, TChile had had a binomial system by which the country was divided into 60 dis- tricts for the election of deputies (the lower chamber of Congress) and 19 senatorial districts for the election of senators. In each district (all of them elect two parliamen- tarians), each party or pact between parties (which had to be national) could present up to two candidates. The determination of which candidate was elected as legisla- tor was made according to the D’Hondt formula (and open lists).
    [Show full text]
  • 2016 Country Review
    Chile 2016 Country Review http://www.countrywatch.com Table of Contents Chapter 1 1 Country Overview 1 Country Overview 2 Key Data 3 Chile 4 South America 5 Chapter 2 7 Political Overview 7 History 8 Political Conditions 13 Political Risk Index 41 Political Stability 55 Freedom Rankings 71 Human Rights 83 Government Functions 85 Government Structure 86 Principal Government Officials 94 Leader Biography 95 Leader Biography 95 Foreign Relations 105 National Security 110 Defense Forces 114 Chapter 3 116 Economic Overview 116 Economic Overview 117 Nominal GDP and Components 120 Population and GDP Per Capita 122 Real GDP and Inflation 123 Government Spending and Taxation 124 Money Supply, Interest Rates and Unemployment 125 Foreign Trade and the Exchange Rate 126 Data in US Dollars 127 Energy Consumption and Production Standard Units 128 Energy Consumption and Production QUADS 130 World Energy Price Summary 131 CO2 Emissions 132 Agriculture Consumption and Production 133 World Agriculture Pricing Summary 136 Metals Consumption and Production 137 World Metals Pricing Summary 140 Economic Performance Index 141 Chapter 4 153 Investment Overview 153 Foreign Investment Climate 154 Foreign Investment Index 156 Corruption Perceptions Index 169 Competitiveness Ranking 181 Taxation 190 Stock Market 190 Partner Links 191 Chapter 5 192 Social Overview 192 People 193 Human Development Index 194 Life Satisfaction Index 197 Happy Planet Index 209 Status of Women 218 Global Gender Gap Index 220 Culture and Arts 230 Etiquette 230 Travel Information 232 Diseases/Health Data 243 Chapter 6 249 Environmental Overview 249 Environmental Issues 250 Environmental Policy 251 Greenhouse Gas Ranking 252 Global Environmental Snapshot 264 Global Environmental Concepts 275 International Environmental Agreements and Associations 289 Appendices 313 Bibliography 314 Chile Chapter 1 Country Overview Chile Review 2016 Page 1 of 326 pages Chile Country Overview CHILE Chile gained its independence from Spain in 1818.
    [Show full text]
  • Phdthesis-X.Orchard.Pdf
    The mediatization of Chilean political elites: Dynamics of adaptation, autonomy and control By: María Ximena Orchard Rieiro A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Sheffield Faculty of Social Sciences Department of Journalism Studies Submission Date December 2015 2 ABSTRACT This thesis explores the relationship between Chilean political elites and the news media with the aim of better understanding how political elites in Chile have adapted to the process of mediatization of politics. Theoretically grounded within an institutionalist understanding of mediatization processes, this thesis uses a qualitative research strategy to identify the main drivers of mediatization among Chilean political elites, the operational logics structuring politicians’ and journalists’ interactions, and the dynamics of autonomy-control in the relationship between political and media actors. Findings are derived from analysis of sixty semi-structured interviews with politicians, including current and former Cabinet Ministers, parliamentarians and political party leaders, press officers working with politicians, and journalists with experience covering politics in national media outlets. This thesis identifies the core elements of a centralist, elitist and market-grounded political communication culture comprised of political and media actors that engage in routine and frequent exchanges. In doing so, it identifies cultural and structural elements moderating the process of mediatization. Additionally, this study critically examines political elites’ understandings of news media logics, including dynamics of resistance and instrumental adoption of media languages, temporalities, and routines. This is reinforced by power inequalities in the politician-journalist relationship, organisational constraints, and a strong insider culture acting against the development of journalistic autonomy.
    [Show full text]
  • South America List of Political Parties
    Manifesto Project Dataset: South America List of Political Parties [email protected] Website: https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/ Version 2020b from December 23, 2020 Manifesto Project Dataset: South America - List of Political Parties Version 2020b 1 Coverage of the Dataset including Party Splits and Merges The Manifesto Data Collection: South America covers parliamentary and presidential elections in South America. The following list documents all the parties, candidates and elections contained in the dataset. The list includes the name of the party or (candidate) alliance in the original language and in English, the party/alliance abbreviation, the name of the presidential candidate (if this applies) as well as the corresponding party identification number. In the case of an alliance, it also documents the member parties it comprises. Within the list of alliance members, parties are represented only by their id and abbreviation if they are also part of the general party list. If the composition of an alliance has changed between elections this change is reported as well. If parliamentary and presidential elections occur at roughly the same time (not necessarily on the same date but within a time frame of one or two months) parties and candidates usually run on the same manifesto. In these cases we report the party/alliance that backed a candidate and the candidate’s name. The same information is provided for presidential elections. If a parliamentary election occurred independently from a presidential election we only report parties and alliances but no candidates. Furthermore, the list records renames of parties and alliances. It shows whether a party has split from another party or a number of parties has merged and indicates the name (and the party id if it exists) of this split or merger parties.
    [Show full text]
  • South America List of Political Parties
    Manifesto Project Dataset: South America List of Political Parties [email protected] Website: https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/ Version 2019b from December 17, 2019 Manifesto Project Dataset: South America - List of Political Parties Version 2019b 1 Coverage of the Dataset including Party Splits and Merges The Manifesto Data Collection: South America covers parliamentary and presidential elections in South America. The following list documents all the parties, candidates and elections contained in the dataset. The list includes the name of the party or (candidate) alliance in the original language and in English, the party/alliance abbreviation, the name of the presidential candidate (if this applies) as well as the corresponding party identification number. In the case of an alliance, it also documents the member parties it comprises. Within the list of alliance members, parties are represented only by their id and abbreviation if they are also part of the general party list. If the composition of an alliance has changed between elections this change is reported as well. If parliamentary and presidential elections occur at roughly the same time (not necessarily on the same date but within a time frame of one or two months) parties and candidates usually run on the same manifesto. In these cases we report the party/alliance that backed a candidate and the candidate’s name. The same information is provided for presidential elections. If a parliamentary election occurred independently from a presidential election we only report parties and alliances but no candidates. Furthermore, the list records renames of parties and alliances. It shows whether a party has split from another party or a number of parties has merged and indicates the name (and the party id if it exists) of this split or merger parties.
    [Show full text]
  • Lima Group: the Crisis in Venezuela Background Guide Table of Contents
    Lima Group: The Crisis In Venezuela Background Guide Table of Contents Letters from Committee Staffers Committee Logistics Introduction to the Committee Introduction to Topic One History of the Problem Past Actions Taken Closing Thoughts Questions to Consider Introduction to Topic Two History of the Problem Past Actions Taken Closing Thoughts Questions to Consider Resources to Use Bibliography Staff of the Committee Chair CeCe Szkutak Vice Chair Erica MacDonald Crisis Director Andrea Gomez Assistant Crisis Director Sophia Alvarado Coordinating Crisis Director: Julia Mullert Under Secretary General Elena Bernstein Taylor Cowser, Secretary General Neha Iyer, Director General Letter from the Chair Hello Delegates! I am so pleased to welcome you to the Lima Group! My name is CeCe Szkutak and I will be your honorable chair for BosMUN XIX. A little about me, I am currently a sophomore at Boston University studying Political Science and Urban Studies. I am originally from Northern Virginia but went to high school in Southern Vermont. I love to ski and have been a ski instructor for the past five winters. I am a sucker for show tunes and absolutely love a good podcast. I participated in Model UN all four years of high school and actually attended BosMUN three times over the years! BosMUN holds a very special place in my heart so I could not be more excited to be chairing this committee. If you have any questions about the structure of the committee or on the topic areas please do not hesitate to reach out. I will make sure to respond in a timely manner and please no question is a dumb question! I’m also happy to answer questions you may have about Boston University or about Model UN at in college.
    [Show full text]
  • Patrz Protokół 3
    3-001 СРЯДА 25 НОЕМВРИ 2009 Г. MIÉRCOLES 25 DE NOVIEMBRE DE 2009 STŘEDA, 25. LISTOPADU 2009 ONSDAG DEN 25. NOVEMBER 2009 MITTWOCH, 25. NOVEMBER 2009 KOLMAPÄEV, 25. NOVEMBER 2009 ΤΕΤΑΡΤΗ 25 ΝΟΕΜΒΡΙΟΥ 2009 WEDNESDAY, 25 NOVEMBER 2009 MERCREDI 25 NOVEMBRE 2009 MERCOLEDI' 25 NOVEMBRE 2009 TREŠDIENA, 2009. GADA 25. NOVEMBRIS 2009 M. LAPKRIČIO 25 D., TREČIADIENIS 2009. NOVEMBER 25., SZERDA L-ERBGĦA, 25 TA' NOVEMBRU 2009 WOENSDAG 25 NOVEMBER 2009 ŚRODA, 25 LISTOPADA 2009 QUARTA-FEIRA, 25 DE NOVEMBRO DE 2009 MIERCURI 25 NOIEMBRIE 2009 STREDA 25. NOVEMBRA 2009 SREDA, 25. NOVEMBER 2009 KESKIVIIKKO 25. MARRASKUUTA 2009 ONSDAGEN DEN 25 NOVEMBER 2009 3-002 PRZEWODNICZY: JERZY BUZEK Przewodniczący 3-003 1 - Otwarcie posiedzenia 3-004 (Posiedzenie zostało otwarte o godz. 9.05) 3-005 2 - Składanie dokumentów: patrz protokół 3-006 3 - Postanowienia wykonawcze (art. 88 Regulamin): Patrz protokól 3-007 4 - Odszkodowania dla pasażerów w przypadku upadłości linii lotniczych (złożone projekty rezolucji): Patrz protokól 3-008 5 - Oznaczenie pochodzenia (złożone projekty rezolucji): Patrz protokól 3-009 6 - Przygotowanie posiedzenia Rady Europejskiej w dniach 10 i 11 grudnia 2009 r. (debata) 2 25-11-2009 3-010 Przewodniczący. − Kolejnym punktem porządku dziennego są oświadczenia Rady i Komisji dotyczące przygotowania posiedzenia Rady Europejskiej w dniach 10 i 11 grudnia 2009 r. 3-011 Cecilia Malmström, rådets tjänstgörande ordförande. − Herr talman, herr Barroso, ärade ledamöter! Det är trevligt att få denna möjlighet att diskutera med er inför nästa möte med Europeiska rådet. Det är ju det andra ordinarie mötet som hålls under det svenska ordförandeskapet, och det blir också sista gången som det leds av ett roterande ordförandeskap.
    [Show full text]
  • South America List of Political Parties
    Manifesto Project Dataset: South America List of Political Parties [email protected] Website: https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/ Version 2015a from May 29, 2015 Manifesto Project Dataset: South America - List of Political Parties Version 2015a 1 Coverage of the Dataset including Party Splits and Merges The Manifesto Data Collection: South America covers parliamentary and presidential elections in South America. The following list documents all the parties, candidates and elections contained in the dataset. The list includes the name of the party or (candidate) alliance in the original language and in English, the party/alliance abbreviation, the name of the presidential candidate (if this applies) as well as the corresponding party identification number. In the case of an alliance, it also documents the member parties it comprises. Within the list of alliance members, parties are represented only by their id and abbreviation if they are also part of the general party list. If the composition of an alliance has changed between elections this change is reported as well. If parliamentary and presidential elections occur at roughly the same time (not necessarily on the same date but within a time frame of one or two months) parties and candidates usually run on the same manifesto. In these cases we report the party/alliance that backed a candidate and the candidate’s name. The same information is provided for presidential elections. If a parliamentary election occurred independently from a presidential election we only report parties and alliances but no candidates. Furthermore, the list records renames of parties and alliances. It shows whether a party has split from another party or a number of parties has merged and indicates the name (and the party id if it exists) of this split or merger parties.
    [Show full text]
  • Chile's 2017 Presidential Election: Who Will Win and Why?
    LSE Latin America and Caribbean Blog: Chile’s 2017 presidential election: who will win and why? Page 1 of 4 Chile’s 2017 presidential election: who will win and why? Disillusionment with the second centre-left government of Michelle Bachelet will likely see the return of the conservative right, write Roland Benedikter (EURAC Research, COHA, University of Wroclaw) and Miguel Zlosilo (Artool, Chile) in the second of a two-part series on Chile’s 2017 presidential election. • Read part one: Evaluating the second Bachelet government Opinion polls carried out before the elections revealed unambiguous discontent with Bachelet’s politics and aspects of the wider political system. Paradoxically, amongst those disappointed are those who benefited most from Bachelet’s second term, such as women’s movements and environmentalists. Indeed, this is a key feature of the 2017 elections: even those whose basic demands have been met by Bachelet’s second government disagree so strongly with other aspects of her tenure – or are so upset with scandals and the informal “second sphere” operating behind Chile’s institutionalised politics – that they still favour a change of direction. Discontent with Bachelet’s second term has led to a proliferation of candidates, but who will prevail? (myeviajes, CC0) The basic pattern reaffirms what analysts have long called Chile’s “adolescent democracy”, which is characterised by mood swings between great expectations and rapid disappointment, producing a persistent zigzagging between left and right parties. One partial exception is the novel presence of a segment of the population that seeks outsiders, newcomers, or critics of the current political system outside of the left-right scheme, including candidates with a strong populist flavour – just as has occurred in recent European and US elections.
    [Show full text]