Au Cameroun De Paul Biya
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Donor-Patrons and Aid Clients: the Case of France and Cameroon
DONOR-PATRONS AND AID CLIENTS: THE CASE OF FRANCE AND CAMEROON Nikolas G. Emmanuel Oklahoma State University [email protected] Abstract: Under a political conditionality approach donors use foreign assistance to leverage liberal-democratic reforms in their aid recipients. However, such efforts are frequently undermined by donor self-interest. This paper attempts to illustrate this general point by examining the “donor-patron” relationship between Cameroon and France during the early 1990s. Key Words: political conditionality, development assistance, democratization, France, Cameroon Résumé: Sous une approche de conditionnalité politique, les pays donateurs utilisent leur aide pour faciliter les réformes démocratiques. Cependant, ces efforts sont fréquemment réduits par le donneur lui-même. Cette recherche essaie d’illustrer cette hypothèse en examinant la relation proche entre le Cameroun et la France pendant les années 1990. Mots clés: conditionnalité politique, aide au développement, démocratisation, France, Cameroun. Introduction Donors can have a significant impact on their aid recipients, far beyond the development projects they finance. This influence can be used to encourage reform, or it can be deployed to shield aid recipients from change. As a part of this process, a political conditionality approach can support moves in aid bene - ficiaries towards better governance and democratization. Such an effort to invoke political change using aid as a tool flourish in an environment where donors and domestic actors work together in a coordinated effort to achieve a common goal (Emmanuel Nikolas, 2008). Donors and recipients, however, frequently have mixed motives in their relations. These partners’ complex, sometimes intimate relationships frequently impede the application of the type of pressure associa - ted with conditionality. -
European Colonialism in Cameroon and Its Aftermath, with Special Reference to the Southern Cameroon, 1884-2014
EUROPEAN COLONIALISM IN CAMEROON AND ITS AFTERMATH, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE SOUTHERN CAMEROON, 1884-2014 BY WONGBI GEORGE AGIME P13ARHS8001 BEING A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA, IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF ARTS (MA) DEGREE IN HISTORY SUPERVISOR PROFESSOR SULE MOHAMMED DR. JOHN OLA AGI NOVEMBER, 2016 i DECLARATION I hereby declare that this Dissertation titled: European Colonialism in Cameroon and its Aftermath, with Special Reference to the Southern Cameroon, 1884-2014, was written by me. It has not been submitted previously for the award of Higher Degree in any institution of learning. All quotations and sources of information cited in the course of this work have been acknowledged by means of reference. _________________________ ______________________ Wongbi George Agime Date ii CERTIFICATION This dissertation titled: European Colonialism in Cameroon and its Aftermath, with Special Reference to the Southern Cameroon, 1884-2014, was read and approved as meeting the requirements of the School of Post-graduate Studies, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, for the award of Master of Arts (MA) degree in History. _________________________ ________________________ Prof. Sule Mohammed Date Supervisor _________________________ ________________________ Dr. John O. Agi Date Supervisor _________________________ ________________________ Prof. Sule Mohammed Date Head of Department _________________________ ________________________ Prof .Sadiq Zubairu Abubakar Date Dean, School of Post Graduate Studies, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. iii DEDICATION This work is dedicated to God Almighty for His love, kindness and goodness to me and to the memory of Reverend Sister Angeline Bongsui who passed away in Brixen, in July, 2012. -
Version Finale 5 Oct 2010
UNIVERSITÉ DE LA RÉUNION FACULTÉ DES LETTRES ET DES SCIENCES HUMAINES CENTRE DE RECHERCHES LITTÉRAIRES ET HISTORIQUES DE L’OCÉAN INDIEN ENGAGEMENT LITTÉRAIRE ET CRÉATION ROMANESQUE DANS L’ŒUVRE DE MONGO BETI THÈSE DE DOCTORAT LITTÉRATURES FRANCOPHONES PRÉSENTÉE PAR MOHAMED AÏT-AARAB SOUS LA DIRECTION DE M. LE PROFESSEUR GWENHAËL PONNAU ANNÉE UNIVERSITAIRE 2010-2011 VOLUME 1 REMERCIEMENTS Je remercie tout particulièrement le professeur Gwenhaël Ponnau pour sa grande disponibilité, son attention, son aide, ses conseils et sa patience. Qu'il trouve ici l'expression de toute ma gratitude. Merci aux professeurs Jean-Philippe Watbled et Jacques Tual qui, en tant que directeurs du C.R.L.H.O.I., m’ont toujours activement soutenu tout au long de la préparation de cette thèse. Merci à tous les collègues de la Faculté des Lettres dont les remarques et les conseils ont enrichi ce travail, sans parler de leur soutien moral durant les moments de doute. Merci enfin au Conseil Scientifique de l’Université de La Réunion qui m’a permis de travailler dans les meilleures conditions matérielles possibles. À MES PARENTS, À SAÏDA, YANNIS ET ADAM. NOTE LIMINAIRE En 1988, nous avons soutenu à l’Université de Lille III, sous la direction du professeur Bernard Mouralis, une thèse de IIIe cycle intitulée « Évolution des personnages dans l’œuvre romanesque de Mongo Beti ». La présente étude s’appuie, en partie, sur ce premier travail, mais dans une perspective différente qui prend, notamment, en compte deux éléments importants. Primo, entre 1988 et 2001, le corpus betien s’est enrichi de nouveaux écrits. -
Cameroon's Anglophone Crisis
Cameroon’s Anglophone Crisis: How the Catholic Church Can Promote Dialogue Crisis Group Africa Briefing N°138 Nairobi/Brussels, 26 April 2018 What’s new? Fighting is spreading between security forces and militants from Cameroon’s English-speaking minority. The government largely rejects Anglophone grievances, while armed militants appear inclined to continue fighting. The Catholic Church, representing nearly a third of Cameroonians, could be an arbitrator, but its clergy have taken divergent positions on the crisis. Why does it matter? Other than the Catholic clergy, there are few prospective peacemakers. If no one fills that role, the separatist sentiment already voiced by many Anglophones will continue to grow, fuelling further violence and exacerbating the on- going insurgency in the Anglophone regions, with elections in late 2018 a flashpoint. What should be done? The Church should bridge its divides and state its impar- tiality on the thorniest question facing Anglophone regions – federalism versus de- centralisation. A clergy able to project a position of neutrality could work with other trusted actors to mediate between Anglophone leaders and the state, and stem a dangerous and growing crisis. I. Overview Cameroon’s Anglophone crisis, which began in October 2016, has morphed into con- flict between security forces and increasingly well-armed separatists fighting in the name of the country’s marginalised English-speaking minority. The separatist im- pulse among Anglophones is growing as President Paul Biya’s government shrugs off the community’s historical grievances. Violence has spread: more than 100 civilians and at least 43 members of the security forces have reportedly died in the last seven months, as have an unknown number of armed militants. -
Social Relationships and Fraternity: Paradox Or Sustainable Model? a Social Sciences’ Perspective
Vera Araújo (ed.) Social Relationships and Fraternity: Paradox or Sustainable Model? A Social Sciences’ Perspective Translations by: “The Voice” School of English, Malta. www.thevoicemalta.com SOCIAL SCIENCES IN DIALOGUE, Rome, 2007 Codice ISBN 978-88-95697-00-0 1 CONTENTS Araújo Vera: Introduction Araújo Vera: Presentation of Chiara Lubich Lubich Chiara: Message Demartis Maria Rosalba: Social-One: the birth of a proposal Zani Vincenzo: The challenges of a complex and global society Iorio Gennaro: The birth of sociology and social interaction Araújo Vera: Social relations and fraternity: a paradox or a sustainable model? Cambón Enrique: The sociological value of life stories Giostra Mario: Empathic communication and “making yourself one with the other”: a way to create new models of intervention in social difficulties Cristao Rolando: Relationships in social community work as seen in the light of the paradigm of unity. An experience of the Unità community centre in Buenos Aires Certini Maurizio: “Giorgio La Pira” Centre in Florence Zurlo Alberto: A Centre of formation for families “SCUOLA LORETO” Fontem (Camerun) – A laboratory of fraternity Callebaut Bennie: Introduction Martin Nkafu Nkemnkia: The experience of Fontem and the African vision of life Callebaut Bennie: The inspiration becomes daily life: the sixties, the inspiring spark, the common interest Dal Soglio Lucio: A paradoxal choice (an interview by Nkafu Martin) Chiara Lubich: Story – from video: “A miracle in the forest” 2 Tomasi Bruna: Small towns of the focolare (an interview -
Cameroon: Fragile State?
CAMEROON: FRAGILE STATE? Africa Report N°160 – 25 May 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... i I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 II. FROM MANDATE TO MODERN CAMEROON – CONTINUITIES OF POWER AND RESISTANCE ..................................................... 1 A. FROM GERMANY TO FRANCE AND BRITAIN TO INDEPENDENCE .................................................... 1 1. 1884-1945: the beginnings of modern Cameroon ........................................................................ 2 2. 1945-1955: the emergence of Cameroonian politics ................................................................... 3 3. 1955-1961: the turbulent path to independence ........................................................................... 5 B. INDEPENDENT CAMEROON 1961-1982: THE IMPERATIVES OF UNITY AND STABILITY .................. 7 1. The UPC’s annihilation and the establishment of a one-party state ............................................ 7 2. Centralisation of the state and all its powers ................................................................................ 8 3. Co-option, corruption and repression as a system of governance ................................................ 9 III. PAUL BIYA IN POWER: THE CHALLENGES OF PLURALISM ........................ 10 A. 1982-1990: FALSE START ......................................................................................................... -
Germinal 066Populaire
Droits de l’homme Achille Mbembe “Le pays est sous la coupe Un rapport de l’Ong d'à peu près un demi- Article 55 accable millier de vieillards qui s'arc-boutent et ne veulent le Cameroun point mourir seuls” PAGE 4 PAGE 10-11 3ème année, n° 066 du 13 octobre 2010, hebdomadaire d’informations générales, Directeur de la Publication : Jean-Bosco Talla - Prix : 400 FCFA EMPLOI DES JEUNES Enjeu pour les protagonistes de la présidentielle 2011 P. 2 SÉRIE NOIRE La série noire se poursuit au Cameroun. Le chef de l’Etat devient de plus en plus esseulé. En masse, les valeureux camerounais, les ténors et caïds de la classe politique, sociale et culturelle quittent la scène qu’ils occupaient depuis plusieurs décennies. Au-delà d’une arithmétique morbide, le Cameroun a besoin des institutions fortes susceptibles de survivre à la disparition d’un homme ou d’un groupe d’hommes qui président aux destinés actuels du pays, autrement dit, qui traversent une époque, une période ou l’histoire, transcendent les différents clivages et Laqui sont fondéesfin sur des règles d’une (lois et règlements) claires et justes.génération Lire notre dossier pp 5-10. Pour qui sonne le glas Jeu de massacre politique au Cameroun p.3 www.germinalnewspaper.com Récipissé n°0034/RDDJ/J06/BASC 2 Manières de voir Germinal n°066, 13 octobre 2010 budgétaire à laquelle l’Etat devrait s’astreindre, a commencé à voler en EMPLOI DES JEUNES éclat après les émeutes de février 2008 avec le gel des prix notam- ment ceux du carburant à la pompe. -
'Moment of Grace' for Hispanics Commit Themselves to Work for Justice
'Beet loved man Catholics, Jews Asks pardon in Colorado' will celebrate for slavery P-2 Page 11 Page 11 VOL LXI NO. 34 AUGUST 21, 1915 Colorado•• urgest Weekly Circulation 80,715 32 PAGES 25 CENTS 'Moment of grace' for Hispanics Commit themselves to work for justice By Patricia Hillyer Register Staff An historical event referred to as " a powerful mo ment of grace," was marked by the country's Hispanic Catholic community when 1,200 delegates gathered in Washington, DC., Aug. l!>-18, for the third national En cuentro, termed m Encuentro Nacional Hispano de Pastoral. Representing 15 million Hispanic Catholics, the En cuentro, which means "encounter" or "meeting," raised a prophetic voice to confront critical issues and to recreate new methods of effective ministry to the burgeoning Hispanic population. Commitments Participants at the national Encuentro committed themselves to work in five areas of concern: evan gelizatlon. integral education. social justice, youth and leadership 1Con1tnued on P.age 4 1 49 archdiocesan seminarians pursuing priesthood studies The last part of August, or- the first part of Septem programs at Conception Semmary College and at St ber, will see 49 archdiocesan seminarians returning to, Joseph's College, Mountain View. California. or beginning, their seminary formation programs lead mg to the ordained priesthood. 14 new to seminary Fourteen of those seminarians are new to seminary This year twenty-one men will be pursuing their formation, having been accepted as seminarians this theological formation, which is the largest number of summer. The age range of the new students IS from 50 theologians the archdiocese has had for a number of years old to 18 years of age. -
Cameroon: Fragile State?
CAMEROON: FRAGILE STATE? Africa Report N°160 – 25 May 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... i I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 II. FROM MANDATE TO MODERN CAMEROON – CONTINUITIES OF POWER AND RESISTANCE ..................................................... 1 A. FROM GERMANY TO FRANCE AND BRITAIN TO INDEPENDENCE .................................................... 1 1. 1884-1945: the beginnings of modern Cameroon ........................................................................ 2 2. 1945-1955: the emergence of Cameroonian politics ................................................................... 3 3. 1955-1961: the turbulent path to independence ........................................................................... 5 B. INDEPENDENT CAMEROON 1961-1982: THE IMPERATIVES OF UNITY AND STABILITY .................. 7 1. The UPC’s annihilation and the establishment of a one-party state ............................................ 7 2. Centralisation of the state and all its powers ................................................................................ 8 3. Co-option, corruption and repression as a system of governance ................................................ 9 III. PAUL BIYA IN POWER: THE CHALLENGES OF PLURALISM ........................ 10 A. 1982-1990: FALSE START ......................................................................................................... -
Faith, Power and Family Christianity and Social Change in French Cameroon
RELIGION IN TRANSFORMING AFRICA Faith, Power and Family In this original and compelling study, Charlotte Walker-Said illuminates how Christianity inspired and moved its converts, not simply in their faith practice, but also in their efforts to construct moral and ethical Christian worlds that could serve as a bulwark against the arbitrary interventions of colonial rule. … This book is essential reading for those who are interested in Christianity, colonialism, and 20th-century African history. Emily Lynn Osborn, University of Chicago A very useful book for a social history of Africa course ... and because the exposition is so lucid and the comparative case so interesting, for historians of gender, religion, and law in colonial contexts. Barbara Cooper, Rutgers University Between the two World Wars, African Catholic and Protestant evangelists repurposed Christianity to challenge local and foreign governments in the French-administered League of Nations Mandate of Cameroon. In this book, Walker-Said shows how African catechists, pastors, priests, nuns, and other Christian leaders transformed foreign missionary societies into profoundly local religious institutions with indigenous ecclesiastical hierarchies and devotional social and charitable networks, devising novel authority structures to control resources and govern cultural and social life. Contesting forced labour and authoritarian governance as threats to family stability and community integrity, these men and women renovated doctrines on conjugal complementarity, social equilibrium, and family stability to forge local spiritual and charismatic movements to renew family and community structures. Casting new light on the ways in which family intimacies and kinship ties WALKER-SAID CHARLOTTE constituted the force of community resistance to the devastating changes colonialism wrought in the private sphere, this history also demonstrates the relevance of faith in the midst of a tumultuous series of forces arising out of the colonial situation. -
Cameroon Government Cracks
June 15, 1990 CAMEROON GOVERNMENT CRACKS DOWN ON DEMANDS FOR MULTIPARTY SYSTEM: Seven Killed; Journalists and Students Arrested; "Douala Ten" Tried At a time of growing demands for citizens. democratization throughout West Africa, the government of President Paul Biya is conducting a SEVEN KILLED AT RALLY FOR NEW POLITICAL crackdown against those calling for a multiparty PARTY system in Cameroon. The government's campaign began with the arrest in February of ten prominent On Saturday, May 26, at least seven people citizens -- later dubbed "the Douala Ten" -- who were killed in clashes between demonstrators and tried to form an alternative political party, and security forces at a rally in support of a newly- has culminated thus far in the killing of seven formed political party, the Social Democratic Front people at a rally for a new political party on May (SDF). Reports indicate that several thousand people 26. In addition, a number of journalistjournalistss who gathered in Bamenda, in the northwestern part of reported on the debate about the oneone----partyparty system the country, to take part in the rally that had been have been detained, and lawyers who helped defend announced earlier in the month, despite government "The Douala Ten" have been harassed; one was killed warnings that the meeting would be considered by police under suspicious circumstances. illegal. In anticipation of the rally, government troops were sent to the Bamenda area in the Africa Watch is very concerned about the preceding days, and roadblocks were set up. government's eeffortsfforts to silence those demanding an end to oneone----partyparty rule, and calls on the government of Cameroon to adhere to internationallyinternationally----acceptedaccepted human rights standards. -
By Dibussi Tande
Collective Memory Series A Sample of Autobiographies, Biographies, Memoirs and from Cameroon By Dibussi Tande http://www.dibussi.com/ Autobiographies, Biographies and Memoirs in English 1. Autobiographies and Memoirs Angounou, Daniel Ebale. 1993. Paul Biya, the nightmare of my life, or, The other side of my destiny. [Douala, Cameroon?: s.n.]. Ayaba , Cho Lucas. 2006. Not Guilty: We Versus Them, the Experience of an African Refugee. PublishAmerica. Bityeki, Emmanuel, Zesseu Tankwa, and Aatsa Atogho. 1992. Tchollire: The Mount of birds. [Cameroon: s.n. ]. Dibango, Manu, and Danielle Rouard. 1994. Three kilos of coffee: an autobiography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Herbert, Boh, and Ntemfac Ofege. 1991. Prison graduate: the story of Cameroon calling. Bamenda: United News Service. Mbile, N. N. 1999. Cameroon political story: memories of an authentic eye witness. [Limbe, Cameroon: s.n. Mukong, A. W. 1992. My stewardship in the Cameroon struggle. [Cameroon?]: A. Mukong. Mukong, A. W. 1985. Prisoner without a crime. [Cameroon]: Alfresco. Ntumazah, Ndeh, Linus T. Asong, and Simon Ndeh Chi. 2001. Ndeh Ntumazah: a conversational autobiography. Bamenda [Cameroon]: Patron Pub. House, International Paperbacks. Tumi, Christian Wiyghan.2006. The political regimes of Ahmadou Ahidjo and Paul Biya, and Christian Tumi, Priest. Douala: Macacos (Maison Catholique de la Communication Sociale). Wakai, Nyo', and Christine Wakai. 2000. Inside the fence: Nyo' Wakai's reminiscences as a detainee. Bamenda, Cameroon: Patron Publishing House. 2. Biographies Anu, Fobeneh Christopher. 1993. The Man, Ni John Fru Ndi. [Bamenda, Cameroon: F.C. Anu. Gwellem, Jerome F. 1996. Fru Ndi and the SDF Revolution. [Bamenda, Cameroon: Unique Printers. Gwellem, Jerome F. 1996.