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European Colonialism in Cameroon and Its Aftermath, with Special Reference to the Southern Cameroon, 1884-2014
EUROPEAN COLONIALISM IN CAMEROON AND ITS AFTERMATH, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE SOUTHERN CAMEROON, 1884-2014 BY WONGBI GEORGE AGIME P13ARHS8001 BEING A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA, IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF ARTS (MA) DEGREE IN HISTORY SUPERVISOR PROFESSOR SULE MOHAMMED DR. JOHN OLA AGI NOVEMBER, 2016 i DECLARATION I hereby declare that this Dissertation titled: European Colonialism in Cameroon and its Aftermath, with Special Reference to the Southern Cameroon, 1884-2014, was written by me. It has not been submitted previously for the award of Higher Degree in any institution of learning. All quotations and sources of information cited in the course of this work have been acknowledged by means of reference. _________________________ ______________________ Wongbi George Agime Date ii CERTIFICATION This dissertation titled: European Colonialism in Cameroon and its Aftermath, with Special Reference to the Southern Cameroon, 1884-2014, was read and approved as meeting the requirements of the School of Post-graduate Studies, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, for the award of Master of Arts (MA) degree in History. _________________________ ________________________ Prof. Sule Mohammed Date Supervisor _________________________ ________________________ Dr. John O. Agi Date Supervisor _________________________ ________________________ Prof. Sule Mohammed Date Head of Department _________________________ ________________________ Prof .Sadiq Zubairu Abubakar Date Dean, School of Post Graduate Studies, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. iii DEDICATION This work is dedicated to God Almighty for His love, kindness and goodness to me and to the memory of Reverend Sister Angeline Bongsui who passed away in Brixen, in July, 2012. -
Cameroon's Anglophone Crisis
Cameroon’s Anglophone Crisis: How the Catholic Church Can Promote Dialogue Crisis Group Africa Briefing N°138 Nairobi/Brussels, 26 April 2018 What’s new? Fighting is spreading between security forces and militants from Cameroon’s English-speaking minority. The government largely rejects Anglophone grievances, while armed militants appear inclined to continue fighting. The Catholic Church, representing nearly a third of Cameroonians, could be an arbitrator, but its clergy have taken divergent positions on the crisis. Why does it matter? Other than the Catholic clergy, there are few prospective peacemakers. If no one fills that role, the separatist sentiment already voiced by many Anglophones will continue to grow, fuelling further violence and exacerbating the on- going insurgency in the Anglophone regions, with elections in late 2018 a flashpoint. What should be done? The Church should bridge its divides and state its impar- tiality on the thorniest question facing Anglophone regions – federalism versus de- centralisation. A clergy able to project a position of neutrality could work with other trusted actors to mediate between Anglophone leaders and the state, and stem a dangerous and growing crisis. I. Overview Cameroon’s Anglophone crisis, which began in October 2016, has morphed into con- flict between security forces and increasingly well-armed separatists fighting in the name of the country’s marginalised English-speaking minority. The separatist im- pulse among Anglophones is growing as President Paul Biya’s government shrugs off the community’s historical grievances. Violence has spread: more than 100 civilians and at least 43 members of the security forces have reportedly died in the last seven months, as have an unknown number of armed militants. -
Social Relationships and Fraternity: Paradox Or Sustainable Model? a Social Sciences’ Perspective
Vera Araújo (ed.) Social Relationships and Fraternity: Paradox or Sustainable Model? A Social Sciences’ Perspective Translations by: “The Voice” School of English, Malta. www.thevoicemalta.com SOCIAL SCIENCES IN DIALOGUE, Rome, 2007 Codice ISBN 978-88-95697-00-0 1 CONTENTS Araújo Vera: Introduction Araújo Vera: Presentation of Chiara Lubich Lubich Chiara: Message Demartis Maria Rosalba: Social-One: the birth of a proposal Zani Vincenzo: The challenges of a complex and global society Iorio Gennaro: The birth of sociology and social interaction Araújo Vera: Social relations and fraternity: a paradox or a sustainable model? Cambón Enrique: The sociological value of life stories Giostra Mario: Empathic communication and “making yourself one with the other”: a way to create new models of intervention in social difficulties Cristao Rolando: Relationships in social community work as seen in the light of the paradigm of unity. An experience of the Unità community centre in Buenos Aires Certini Maurizio: “Giorgio La Pira” Centre in Florence Zurlo Alberto: A Centre of formation for families “SCUOLA LORETO” Fontem (Camerun) – A laboratory of fraternity Callebaut Bennie: Introduction Martin Nkafu Nkemnkia: The experience of Fontem and the African vision of life Callebaut Bennie: The inspiration becomes daily life: the sixties, the inspiring spark, the common interest Dal Soglio Lucio: A paradoxal choice (an interview by Nkafu Martin) Chiara Lubich: Story – from video: “A miracle in the forest” 2 Tomasi Bruna: Small towns of the focolare (an interview -
Cameroon: Fragile State?
CAMEROON: FRAGILE STATE? Africa Report N°160 – 25 May 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... i I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 II. FROM MANDATE TO MODERN CAMEROON – CONTINUITIES OF POWER AND RESISTANCE ..................................................... 1 A. FROM GERMANY TO FRANCE AND BRITAIN TO INDEPENDENCE .................................................... 1 1. 1884-1945: the beginnings of modern Cameroon ........................................................................ 2 2. 1945-1955: the emergence of Cameroonian politics ................................................................... 3 3. 1955-1961: the turbulent path to independence ........................................................................... 5 B. INDEPENDENT CAMEROON 1961-1982: THE IMPERATIVES OF UNITY AND STABILITY .................. 7 1. The UPC’s annihilation and the establishment of a one-party state ............................................ 7 2. Centralisation of the state and all its powers ................................................................................ 8 3. Co-option, corruption and repression as a system of governance ................................................ 9 III. PAUL BIYA IN POWER: THE CHALLENGES OF PLURALISM ........................ 10 A. 1982-1990: FALSE START ......................................................................................................... -
Germinal 066Populaire
Droits de l’homme Achille Mbembe “Le pays est sous la coupe Un rapport de l’Ong d'à peu près un demi- Article 55 accable millier de vieillards qui s'arc-boutent et ne veulent le Cameroun point mourir seuls” PAGE 4 PAGE 10-11 3ème année, n° 066 du 13 octobre 2010, hebdomadaire d’informations générales, Directeur de la Publication : Jean-Bosco Talla - Prix : 400 FCFA EMPLOI DES JEUNES Enjeu pour les protagonistes de la présidentielle 2011 P. 2 SÉRIE NOIRE La série noire se poursuit au Cameroun. Le chef de l’Etat devient de plus en plus esseulé. En masse, les valeureux camerounais, les ténors et caïds de la classe politique, sociale et culturelle quittent la scène qu’ils occupaient depuis plusieurs décennies. Au-delà d’une arithmétique morbide, le Cameroun a besoin des institutions fortes susceptibles de survivre à la disparition d’un homme ou d’un groupe d’hommes qui président aux destinés actuels du pays, autrement dit, qui traversent une époque, une période ou l’histoire, transcendent les différents clivages et Laqui sont fondéesfin sur des règles d’une (lois et règlements) claires et justes.génération Lire notre dossier pp 5-10. Pour qui sonne le glas Jeu de massacre politique au Cameroun p.3 www.germinalnewspaper.com Récipissé n°0034/RDDJ/J06/BASC 2 Manières de voir Germinal n°066, 13 octobre 2010 budgétaire à laquelle l’Etat devrait s’astreindre, a commencé à voler en EMPLOI DES JEUNES éclat après les émeutes de février 2008 avec le gel des prix notam- ment ceux du carburant à la pompe. -
'Moment of Grace' for Hispanics Commit Themselves to Work for Justice
'Beet loved man Catholics, Jews Asks pardon in Colorado' will celebrate for slavery P-2 Page 11 Page 11 VOL LXI NO. 34 AUGUST 21, 1915 Colorado•• urgest Weekly Circulation 80,715 32 PAGES 25 CENTS 'Moment of grace' for Hispanics Commit themselves to work for justice By Patricia Hillyer Register Staff An historical event referred to as " a powerful mo ment of grace," was marked by the country's Hispanic Catholic community when 1,200 delegates gathered in Washington, DC., Aug. l!>-18, for the third national En cuentro, termed m Encuentro Nacional Hispano de Pastoral. Representing 15 million Hispanic Catholics, the En cuentro, which means "encounter" or "meeting," raised a prophetic voice to confront critical issues and to recreate new methods of effective ministry to the burgeoning Hispanic population. Commitments Participants at the national Encuentro committed themselves to work in five areas of concern: evan gelizatlon. integral education. social justice, youth and leadership 1Con1tnued on P.age 4 1 49 archdiocesan seminarians pursuing priesthood studies The last part of August, or- the first part of Septem programs at Conception Semmary College and at St ber, will see 49 archdiocesan seminarians returning to, Joseph's College, Mountain View. California. or beginning, their seminary formation programs lead mg to the ordained priesthood. 14 new to seminary Fourteen of those seminarians are new to seminary This year twenty-one men will be pursuing their formation, having been accepted as seminarians this theological formation, which is the largest number of summer. The age range of the new students IS from 50 theologians the archdiocese has had for a number of years old to 18 years of age. -
Cameroon: Fragile State?
CAMEROON: FRAGILE STATE? Africa Report N°160 – 25 May 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... i I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 II. FROM MANDATE TO MODERN CAMEROON – CONTINUITIES OF POWER AND RESISTANCE ..................................................... 1 A. FROM GERMANY TO FRANCE AND BRITAIN TO INDEPENDENCE .................................................... 1 1. 1884-1945: the beginnings of modern Cameroon ........................................................................ 2 2. 1945-1955: the emergence of Cameroonian politics ................................................................... 3 3. 1955-1961: the turbulent path to independence ........................................................................... 5 B. INDEPENDENT CAMEROON 1961-1982: THE IMPERATIVES OF UNITY AND STABILITY .................. 7 1. The UPC’s annihilation and the establishment of a one-party state ............................................ 7 2. Centralisation of the state and all its powers ................................................................................ 8 3. Co-option, corruption and repression as a system of governance ................................................ 9 III. PAUL BIYA IN POWER: THE CHALLENGES OF PLURALISM ........................ 10 A. 1982-1990: FALSE START ......................................................................................................... -
Faith, Power and Family Christianity and Social Change in French Cameroon
RELIGION IN TRANSFORMING AFRICA Faith, Power and Family In this original and compelling study, Charlotte Walker-Said illuminates how Christianity inspired and moved its converts, not simply in their faith practice, but also in their efforts to construct moral and ethical Christian worlds that could serve as a bulwark against the arbitrary interventions of colonial rule. … This book is essential reading for those who are interested in Christianity, colonialism, and 20th-century African history. Emily Lynn Osborn, University of Chicago A very useful book for a social history of Africa course ... and because the exposition is so lucid and the comparative case so interesting, for historians of gender, religion, and law in colonial contexts. Barbara Cooper, Rutgers University Between the two World Wars, African Catholic and Protestant evangelists repurposed Christianity to challenge local and foreign governments in the French-administered League of Nations Mandate of Cameroon. In this book, Walker-Said shows how African catechists, pastors, priests, nuns, and other Christian leaders transformed foreign missionary societies into profoundly local religious institutions with indigenous ecclesiastical hierarchies and devotional social and charitable networks, devising novel authority structures to control resources and govern cultural and social life. Contesting forced labour and authoritarian governance as threats to family stability and community integrity, these men and women renovated doctrines on conjugal complementarity, social equilibrium, and family stability to forge local spiritual and charismatic movements to renew family and community structures. Casting new light on the ways in which family intimacies and kinship ties WALKER-SAID CHARLOTTE constituted the force of community resistance to the devastating changes colonialism wrought in the private sphere, this history also demonstrates the relevance of faith in the midst of a tumultuous series of forces arising out of the colonial situation. -
Neoliberal Bandwagonism: Civil Society and the Politics of Belonging in Anglophone Cameroon Konings, P.J.J
Neoliberal bandwagonism: civil society and the politics of belonging in Anglophone Cameroon Konings, P.J.J. Citation Konings, P. J. J. (2009). Neoliberal bandwagonism: civil society and the politics of belonging in Anglophone Cameroon. Bamenda, Cameroon: African Studies Centre and Langaa Publishers. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/22173 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) License: Leiden University Non-exclusive license Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/22173 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). Neoliberal Bandwagonism: Civil society and the politics of belonging in Anglophone Cameroon Langaa & African Studies Centre Neoliberal Bandwagonism: Civil Society and the Politics of Belonging in Anglophone Cameroon Piet Konings Langaa Research and Publishing Common Initiative Group PO Box 902 Mankon Bamenda North West Region Cameroon Phone +237 33 07 34 69 / 33 36 14 02 [email protected] www.africanbookscollective.com/publishers/langaa-rpcig African Studies Centre P.O. Box 9555 2300 RB Leiden The Netherlands Phone +31 72 527 3372 [email protected] www.ascleiden.nl ISBN: 9956-558-23-0 © Langaa & African Studies Centre, 2009 Contents Acknowledgements viii Abbreviations ix Map of the Republic of Cameroon xi 1 CIVIL SOCIETY IN ANGLOPHONE CAMEROON 1 Introduction 1 Towards an African version of civil society 2 Neoliberal reforms, civil society and the politics of belonging in Anglophone Cameroon 5 Organisation of the book 8 Conclusion 11 2 MOBILITY AND EXCLUSION: THE DEVELOPMENT -
The Death Penalty in Cameroon
SENTENCED TO OBLIVION FACT-FINDINGSENTENCED MISSION TO OBLIVION ON DEATH ROW FACT-FINDING MISSION ON DEATH ROW CAMEROONCAMEROON CAROLE BERRIH NESTOR TOKO Acknowledgements We would like to thank the following people, without whom this study would not have been possible: Mr Nestor Toko, President of RACOPEM, in particular and the lawyers who collected data from individuals sentenced to death. Our thanks also go to the magistrates, prison staff, organisations operating in prisons and the lawyers who answered the lawyers’ questions. We would also like to thank all the individuals sentenced to death and their families interviewed within the framework of this study. Publication Director: Raphaël Chenuil-Hazan Artistic Director: Bérangère Portalier Coordinator: Marie-Lina Samuel Author: Carole Berrih - Director of Synergies Coopération Head of the research team: Nestor Toko Copy editors: Nestor Toko, Emmanuel Maistre, Nicolas Perron, Jeanne Hirschberger Layout: Olivier Déchaud Sub-editor: Olivier Pradel Translator: Morag Young Illustrator: Jeanne Hirschberger Cover photo: REUTERS / Gabriela Matthews - stock.adobe.com This project is co-funded by the European Union ECPM 62 bis avenue Parmentier 75011 Paris www.ecpm.org © ECPM, 2019 ISBN : 978-2-95522-646-9 SENTENCED TO OBLIVION FACT-FINDING MISSION ON DEATH ROW CAMEROON CAROLE BERRIH NESTOR TOKO Author As a legal adviser specialising in public international law and a sociology graduate, Carole Berrih acted as Delegation Leader and Project Coordinator for international NGOs before founding and running Synergies Coopération, a research centre and training institute aiming to promote and protect human rights. In particular, she carries out research and assessments for NGOs and UN international agencies in the field of criminal justice and the prevention of torture and ill treatment in prisons. -
Au Cameroun De Paul Biya
Les terrains du siècle Au Cameroun de Paul Biya Fanny Pigeaud AU CAMEROUN DE PAUL BIYA KARTHALA sur internet: http://www.karthala.com (paiement sécurisé) © Éditions Karthala, 2011 ISBN :978-2-8111-0526-6 FannyPigeaud Au Cameroun de Paul Biya Éditions Karthala 22-24, boulevard Arago 75013Paris Introduction Les Occidentaux connaissent en généraltRèspeu le Came- roun.Tout juste savent-ils qu’il est le pays d’origine de footbal- leurs talentueux comme Roger Milla ou Samuel Eto’o Fils, et que son équipe nationale des « Lions indomptables » participe Régulièrement à la Coupe du monde de football. La plupart des Africains sont souventtout aussi ignorants,même s’ils consta- tent que la Réputation des ressortissants camerounais s’est consi- dérablement dégradéeaucours des dix dernières années, les fai- sant souventpasser pour des individus évoluant dans le registre de l’escroquerie. Cette méconnaissance s’expliquepar la quasi- absence du Cameroun sur la scène politique internationale mais aussi dans l’actualité:depuis de nombreuses années, le pays n’intéressepas les journalistes étrangers. Il occupe pourtant une position centrale dans le golfe de Guinée, paradisdes compagnies pétrolières et minières. Avec un accès à la mer,des terres extrêmement fertiles dans des climats diversifiés, de grandes ressources naturelles et humaines, il est aussi l’un des États les mieux dotésducontinent africain. Les grandes puissances européennes ne s’y sont d’ailleurs pas trom- pées:plusieurs d’entre elles l’ont fortement convoité,sibien qu’il aeuàsubir trois colonisateursdifférents avant d’être le seul territoire d’Afrique subsaharienne occupé par la France à connaître une guerre de libération, passéesous silence dans les manuels d’Histoire des écoliers français et camerounais. -
Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Cameroon (African Historical
HISTORICAL DICTIONARIES OF AFRICA Edited by Jon Woronoff 1. Cameroon, by Victor T. Le Vine and Roger P. Nye. 1974. Out of print. See No. 48. 2. The Congo, 2nd ed., by Virginia Thompson and Richard Adloff. 1984. Out of print. See No. 69. 3. Swaziland, by John J. Grotpeter. 1975. 4. The Gambia, 2nd ed., by Harry A. Gailey. 1987. Out of print. See No. 79. 5. Botswana, by Richard P. Stevens. 1975. Out of print. See No. 70. 6. Somalia, by Margaret F. Castagno. 1975. Out of print. See No. 87. 7. Benin (Dahomey), 2nd ed., by Samuel Decalo. 1987. Out of print. See No. 61. 8. Burundi, by Warren Weinstein. 1976. Out of print. See No. 73. 9. Togo, 3rd ed., by Samuel Decalo. 1996. 10. Lesotho, by Gordon Haliburton. 1977. Out of print. See No. 90. 11. Mali, 3rd ed., by Pascal James Imperato. 1996. Out of print. See No. 107. 12. Sierra Leone, by Cyril Patrick Foray. 1977. 13. Chad, 3rd ed., by Samuel Decalo. 1997. 14. Upper Volta, by Daniel Miles McFarland. 1978. 15. Tanzania, by Laura S. Kurtz. 1978. 16. Guinea, 3rd ed., by Thomas O’Toole with Ibrahima Bah-Lalya. 1995. Out of print. See No. 94. 17. Sudan, by John Voll. 1978. Out of print. See No. 53. 18. Rhodesia/Zimbabwe, by R. Kent Rasmussen. 1979. Out of print. See No. 46. 19. Zambia, 2nd ed., by John J. Grotpeter, Brian V. Siegel, and James R. Pletcher. 1998. Out of print. See No. 106. 20. Niger, 3rd ed., by Samuel Decalo.