Madrid bus Spanish Bill provides for workers free trade unions W F r o m Our Correspondent the discipline of political par- end strike W[ M a d r i d , N o v 5 ties or associations". T h e F r o m O u r Correspondent A B i l l opening the door to phrase " p o l i t i c a l p a r t i e s " , M a d r i d , N o v 4 free trade unions was submitted used for the first time i n a to the Cortes today. B i l l , proves that the existence Bus workers went back to T h e proposal, announced by of p o l i t i c a l parties has been w o r k here today after their the Government several weeks formally admitted. "• week-long strike w h i c h seriously ago, appeared today i n the offi- Legislation i n force prohibits j disrupted M a d r i d ' s transport c i a l bulletin of the Cortes. T h i s political " parties " but allows : j system. means that a study of the B i l l p o l i t i c a l " associations". O n l y i\ W o r k e r s ' sources claimed only can be undertaken by the com- those groups w h i c h have ;Com. ; 35 per cent of strikers had re- mittee on fundamental laws. p l i e d w i t h the requirement to '! turned to work, but the com* It proposes to legalize " p r o - register are legally recognized pany quoted a figure of 90 per ; fessional associations", pro- and they are k n o w n as "asso- •.! cent. There was also confusion / vided they are " n o t subject t o , ciations " . .] about the reasons for the return ' ! t o work, particularly as on ' • M o n d a y workers agreed not to r e t u r n u n t i l their arrested i colleagues were released. T h r e e workers belonging to 'j the " unitary p l a t f o r m " , the Mass at ^ .1 workers' negotiating team, are |j i n Carabanchel prison charged Madridialty w i t h sedition, and another four, 'charged w i t h the same offence, are on b a i l . forbidden " Buses were r u n n i n g n o r m a l l y ^ t h r o u g h o u t the day_ and troops F r o m H a r r y Debeiius y V .'jwho have been d r i v i n g them for M a d r i d , Nov 9 V -the past week were withdrawn. The entrenched right wing, ; j'Riot police however were known as The Bunker, prepared j patrolling certain areas, partir cv.lurly near tho m a i n bus ¿tapot new ammunition for use against j a t Fuencaral to prevent any the Government and the C h u r c h {possible attempts by pickets to today after the Archbishop of I sabotage a return to work. M a d r i d had refused to allow a I There was only one report of requiem mass for General i an incident at a bus depot. Franco at a huge right-wing 4 It is believed that some of rally in the capital next week. Española J the workers' conditions w i l l now a be met. The evening newspaper Cardinal E n r i q u e y T a r a n c ó n •j Informaciones reported that t o l d a delegation of c i v i l « a r I members of the " platform *', veterans last Friday : " It is j made up of members of i l l e g a l foreseeable that a religious ,j trade unions, especially the ceremony might be deformed ; Comunist-dominated workers' in such an occasion."

•; commissions, might be given The veterans, of the w i n n i n g j / J their jobs back. T h i r t e e n mem- side, led by Señor José A n t o n i o ] bers of the " p l a t f o r m " were Girón, plan to commemorate •'--} dismissed the first day of the the first anniversary of the I strike. dictator's death and the fortieth anniversary of the execution of I W o r k e r s and management the founder of the Falange, were meeting this afternoon on J o s é A n t o n i o Primo de R i v e r a , / t h e workers' demands w h i c h on November 20 with the r a l l y include an increase of about in the Oriente Plaza, where £50 a month. Franco so often heard the If the return to w o r k is a cheers of his supporters. 'success this w i l l be a f i l l i p for In an obvious attempt to take the Government's labour rela- the 'jtions. The authorities refused w i n d out of their sails, •to give i n and this tough atti- S e ñ o r A d o l f o S u á r e z , the P r i m e M i n i s t e r , has arranged for 9 rude could be the main reason requiem Masses to be held all jfor the end of the strike, over the country for the repose i A c c o r d i n g to a source close of the soul of the C a u d i l l o . : to the Government, ministers I while agreeing w i t h some of This move is likely to dis- 1 the demands d i d not want to courage many Francoites from making the journey to M a d r i d i give i n and so lay themselves for the anniversary rally. ! open to c r i t i c i s m of softness j ' f r o m the right. The Govern- ; A t the same time, K i n g Juan • ment needs the right's support Carlos has indicated that he I i n the Cortes to obtain the w i l l . attend the Mass at the 3 necessary two thirds majority V a l l e y of the F a l l e n . Franco's 1 for the major constitutional Wagnerian mausoleum in the mountains north of M a d r i d , j reforms. thus making it plain where the " o f f i c i a l " ceremony w i l l take place. The bigTRANSICIÓN basilica there, carved on* of solid rock, w i l l be filled by Government officials on a reserved-seat basis in order to reduce the possibility of incidents to a m i n i m u m . Señor Girón and some of his associates, are l i k e l y _ to be embarrassed by receiving for- mal invitations to attend and honour the Caudillo. The B u n k e r had already made it plain in public state- ments that it would convoke its " p a t r i o t i c " r a l l y even if the Government should refuse permission. However, the Gov- ernment's handling of the mat- ter is subtle, making it more attractive for Franco's mour- ners to assemble in many dif- ferent places, and for religious services only. In view of that tactic, and following the Archbishop's refusal to be identified with their cause, some of the more extreme elements of the Right Fundaciónare preparing leaflets denounc- ing the K i n g , Señor Suárez and his Cabinet as " t r a i t o r s " , and \ the Archbishop as a " red ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCÓ

Freedom of expression in Spain for newspapers only Cortes to Television remains shackled .by debate restrictions of Franco era €^ % reform Bill F r o m W i l l i a m Chislett M e l i a , an M P , wrote i n El Pais national news are also reported next week M a d r i d , Nov 9 that it was " industrially obso- reliably to be Opus members. lete, economically extravagant, Senor Jesus M o r a , deputy The Spanish press has F r o m Our Correspondent intellectually reactionary, cul- director of information ser- changed radically since Gen- iSSMadrid, Nov 11 turally useless, politically nar- vices, was formerly chief eral Franco died, allowing vir- j|s T h e Cortes (Parliament) w i l l row, managerially undemocrat- reporter on El Alcazar, the I tual freedom of expression, but i S d e b a t e the long-awaited const!- i c and capricious " . newspaper of General Franco's ! &vjtutional reforms next week television is straddled between c i v i l war veterans, and the " W e have a television which p l u n d e r a procedure of emer- the old and new Spain. first director of the extreme is totally adjusted to a l l the jj^gency, it was learnt i n M a d r i d "M Television coverage of the right-wing magazine Fuerze defects of the r e g i m e " , he ^•jtoday. 0 week-long bus strike in M a d r i d said. " Nothing can be done to Nueva, :j showed clearly that little has improve it u n t i l a l l the institu- There also continues to exist § B The Government's B i l l pro- changed when it comes to air- tions are democratized." i n television a nucleus of Fran- ^ v i d e s for a House of Deputies ing anti Government views. Television continues to coists who continue to hold key l l j a n d a Senate, freely elected on ! ! Coverage was given only to the " b r a i n w a s h " people as one of posts, although not necessarily iglthe basis of proportional repre- 1 bus company's point of view, Spain's best-known journalists the highest ones. " This is the s e n t a t i o n apart from about 40 j the Government's, stand, and told me. " Spain is the most bunker of television, the o l d Sssenators to be appointed by the ; an appeal by the mayor for a informed country about what clan which continues to ^ J K i n g . The committee i n charge -"" return to work. goes on abroad, but we know dominate ", one television man 1 of the B i l l has finished study- • i Leaders of the illegal trade nothing about our own said. ing the many amendments and j unions which made up the bus country. Coverage of foreign Opposition politicians are S ' J B p ' s to submit the B i l l virtually ' w o r k e r s ' " u n i t a r y p l a t f o r m " events makes even the B B C ' s beginning to appear on the unchanged. J (four of w h o m are in Caraban- coverage look a little paltry at screen, however, albeit usually SÉSjSsJ The debate is to begin on : chel prison), said after the times." without sound. This was the Tuesday. If the B i l l is not .'; strike that one of the reasons " T h e television here belongs case of Senor Felipe Gonzalez, approved by the following F r i - . why the strike failed was to the Government and not to secretary of the mainstream day then the debate w i l l con- , biased television coverage. the state and so the politics of Socialist Party, when coverage %iziifa tinue the following week. : They could not get their view- television change when the was' given of a congress at E l p^k It is expected that the Cortes j point across. Government's politics change." E s c o r i a l w i t h a commentary ;'jj?5jwill give the Government the fa On Thursday, the day the Senor Rafael A n s o n , over it. ' íSsíl necessary two-thirds majority : strike ended, El Pais published director-general of television, Television journalists are j p S S f o r the reforms. If they do not a letter saying " Spanish televi- is a friend of Senor Suarez, worried by this biased PP r a v e A c reforms then K i n g i sion is a public threat without the P r i m e M i n i s t e r , and coverage of political events in *1J§2ÍJuan Carlos can dissolve the 400 ar ) any respect for the citizen. The brother of Senor L u i s M a r i a Spain as the country moves Cortes and submit the reforms : only way to end the existing A n s o n , director of La Vanguar- towards democracy. They see í'sáfcio- the people i n a national dia and recently appointed j monologue is to restore the television as being manipulated '.: • ••¿'••••referendum. head of the semi-official news by interested sectors and not, right of »eply to citizens and •':•••..

TRANSICIÓN

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I WEST EUROPE, WEST EUROPJ Spain holds strike call leaders without trial F r o m H a r r y Debelius M a d r i d , Nov 14 - Stiff fines and imprisonment, i n many cases without trial, are i n store for suspected leaders of last Friday's call for a national general strike, it was learnt in M a d r i d today. After instructions issued here last week by S e ñ o r Rodolfo M a r t i n V i l l a , the Interior Minister, c i v i l governors throughout Spain have been following a tough line with ieaders of outlawed trade union movements which took part in the strike. S e ñ o r M a n u e l C á m a r a , a leader of the illegal Communist- influenced W o r k e r s ' Commis- C l e n c h e d f i s t c o m m u n i s t salutes f r o m a g r o u p of M a d r i d c a r w o r k e r s w h o h a d e a r l i e r v o t e d to j o i n the s t r i k e sions, was fined 500,000 pesetas (£4,587) without trial under the public order law. He was T h e one-day general i t r l k e journalists that he had recom- allowing trade unions hold taken into custody last called by the Socialist General mended to c i v i l governors that meetings. Thursday, the eve of the strike, 400 arrests U n i o n of W o r k e r * ( U G T ) , the they fine those arrested for It was learned today that m P a l m a de M a l l o r c a . Two Communist l e d W o r k e r s ' Com- forming pickets as strongly as police are guarding various young members of the Spanish missions, a n d the socialist 'possible for their "antidemo- right-wing and left-wing oppo- Socialist W o r k e r s ' Party,. on Spain's Syndical W o r k U n i o n was i n cratic and u n c i v i l behaviour ". sition figures, including Senor S e ñ o r Pedro Bea and S e ñ o r EspañolaSebastian Mas, were fined protest at the Government's H e acknowledged that 120 M a r c e l i n o Camacho, the Com- strike day programme of economic mea- workers had been arrested as munist workers' leader, Profes- without trial 250,000 pesetas sures announced last month. pickets. A c c o r d i n g to informed sor R a m ó n Tamames, the (over £2,200), and several others were fined 50,000 pesetas F r o m Our Correspondent These i n c l u d e d giving employers sources, 75 people were arres- country's leading economist and M a d r i d , N o v 12 ( £ 4 5 9 ) . the right to lay off surplus ted for belonging to the U G T , a Communist, as well as S e ñ o r Police have arrested an esti- staff. many of them last night. Blas Pinar, Leader of the ex- In die Basque city of V i t o r i a , mated 400 people throughout Riot police patrolled streets treme right group Fuerza where last spring several people Spain i n connexion with the M a n y companies In the indus- throughout M a d r i d and were on Nueva, and S e ñ o r J o s é A n t o n i o were k i l l e d i n clashes between general strike c a l l e d by the t r i a l suburbs i n M a d r i d and guard i n the stations of the G i r ó n leaders of General 4 police and strikers, six men illegal 'trade unions today. other cities held stoppages for M e t r o , the underground rail- Franco's c i v i l war veterans. have been imprisoned pend- Officially, the number of several hours o n company way system, demanding identity They are believed to have re- ing tria] on political charges strikers was p u t at only 200,000 premises and they were prob- cards and searching baggage. ceived death threats. i n connexion with the out of a w o r k i n g population of ably not taken into account i n F e w students attended classes However, S e ñ o r Camacho strike. A c c o r d i n g to informed eight m i l l i o n by Senor M a n u e l the official figure. Nevertheless, at M a d r i d University and even denied that he had received sources they are suspected O r t i Bordas, the U n d e r Secre- putting the figure at one m i l l i o n some schools were affected in such a threat, and said that he members of the U n i o n of tary at the Interior M i n i s t r y , at the highest, the strike was Barcelona, the port came to a was being guarded so that the Maoist Youth and the during a press conference this a notable failure for the trade halt while about 10,000 workers police could watch him. Revolutionary W o r k e r s ' Organi- , morning. However, according to unions trying to muster downed tools. S e ñ o r Girón called on his sup- zation. ; newspaper reports and labour strength. The strike was The strike came at a sensi- porters last night to form a Police have taken five labour 1 sources, the number was greater approved by the majority of the tive time for the Government, national front to save Spain, ! and estimated to be between lawyers into custody in con- opposition parties. which held a Cabinet meeting and said that h é would contest | nexion with the strike in Pam- ' 500,000 and a m i l l i o n . Senor O r t i Bordas told to discuss the proposed law: the elections. plona also in the Basque region...... Hundreds were arrested across the country. In M a d r i d alone, 81 people were held. The Government has given Franco followers permission to hold a rally here next Satur day, the anniversary of the general's death, provided it lasts no longer than 20 minutes and there are no speeches. •Signor L u i s Valero Bermejo, Secretary General of the Com- batants' Federation as Franco's c i v i l war veterans' association TRANSICIÓN is called, was informed of the restrictions on Saturday. The decision comes only three days Both Sciior Suarez and K i n g before what promises to be a J u a n Carlos are beKeved to historic battle in the Spanish have received assurances from Parliament over a proposed the armed forces that they w i l l law which would establish a (support the reform programme democratically elected Parlia- provided it respects existing ment to replace the present legality—that is, as long as it is one, the majority of whose a constitutional change rather members were appointed or than an open break with the chosen from official and semi- :past, as the majority of the official organizations. i leftist opposition is demanding. The short shrift given to the, Spain's fascist underground late general's followers is an is said to be preparing to step indication of the determination up its campaign of violence of the government headed by against democratic reform. ^ e ñ o r S u á r e z to go ahead with A c c o r d i n g to one unconfirmed reform i n spite of • p o l i t i c a l report, thousands of 9min pis- iir£ssure...f.rom the right. tols are now being distributed among militant fascists. ] To push the Reform B i l l through the K i n g and P r i m e I M i n i s t e r are counting on the ! help of Signor Torcuato Fer- nandez-Miranda, a conservative Ibut a man who is expected to iput his loyalty to the K i n g Fundación i ahead of his own feelings. Efforts on the part of the ] Government to convince members of the Cortes to vote ,'for the reform proposals are i . , - believed to include the argu- jment that the change is inevi- is:;:- - . t a b l e and that those who go •along with it w i l l be in a bet- t e r position to remain in poli- t i c s in the future. o o o o o o o o oooooooooooooooooooooooò CO O OOOÔO O C O "O

.... i-M .... Spain suspends suspects7 rights 1 WEST EUROPE WEST E I Í Premier asserts Spain Threat t after killing of three policemen kidnap i F r o m H a r r y Debelius to hold prisoners up to 10 days shot the two security police- M a d r i d , Jan 28 without t r i a l and to carry on men who were on duty i n the Jwill keep to chosen v head and continued to fire at , A f t e r a day of violence in searches provided they i n f o r m Spaiüsír j u d i c i a l authorities afterwards. them as they lay bleeding on : w h i c h three policemen were But under tonight's decree the floor. k i l l e d by terrorists in M a d r i d , prisoners may be held indefi- Two hours later gunmen Ipath despite terrorism ciá j the Spanish Government to- nitely and there is no need to walked into another postal ™ tary C i v i l Guard police in the night ordered the arrest of all advise the courts of any u - _ i , ,Uo T „_ h F r o m H a r r y Debelius F r o m W i l l i a m Chisls savings bank, near the L o s V..L, . . . _ capital, i n w h i c h three police- suspected members of extre- searches carried out. The decree men were k i l l e d and three M a d r i d , J a n 31 j w i l l remain i n effect until the Angeles section of southern r J M a d n d , J an 30 mist organizations of both others gravely wounded. T h e undergroutj end of February, for i t is v a l i d M a d r i d . They are reported to í '¡ S e ñ o r A d o l f o S u á r e z , the right and left. have machine gunned two " jPrime M i n i s t e r , assured Spain Yesterday morning, police- organization, -Grapo for 30 days from the date of its members of the C i v i l Guard "{this weekend that it would men, members of the C i v i l today i n a printed; A t an emergency meeting publication i n the official state who were on duty there. j " continue on its way toward G u a r d and other members of to ' t h e ' M a d r i d c i the Cabinet decided to in- bulletin, probably next M o n - C L . . , i „ , r ; „ : i the future with order and free- Shortly aftei wards a C i v i l L i d ¡ f s o m e d m e s i n the armed forces—many of of The Times, and' crease police powers still fur- day. . G u a r d patrol car, w h i c h was '-• them officers—shouted insults foreign correspond j ther and to suspend for 30 Senor A d o l f o Suarez, the i. presumably investigating the I pain . at Lieutenant-General Manuel nap more Spanish! days the legal guarantees over P r i m e Minister, is expected to incidents, was blown up, I Only hours earlier, four ter- Gutierrez M e l l a d o , the deputy unlawful search and imprison- address the nation tomorrow T h e leaflet; assu In northern Spain a n o t h e r ! rorist bombs had gone off i n P r i m e M i n i s t e r , and S e ñ o r ment without charge. A decree after Spain's worst week of was legitimate, w a i the Basque country and a Rodolfo M a r t i n V i l l a , the Inte- law announced tonight political violence since the F i r s t of Octoberj r i o r M i n i s t e r , at funeral ser- suspends A r t i c l e s 15 and 18 c i v i l war. The Cabinet w i l l meet Resistance Group] vices here for the three mur- of the B i l l of Rights. again next Tuesday. w M e ? l S ^ claimed responsibij dered policemen. A n admiral d r C C S napping two high'j Senor A n d r e a s Reguera, the E v e n before the decree was n r B n b a o / c a r was Government « 3 in uniform and S e ñ o r Blas ticians and k i l l i n g ) M i n i s t e r of Information and announced, police had begun P i n a r , leader of the fascist men. lit said that Tourism, said i n a television sweeping searches i n the south N e w Force, were among pro- Government releas broadcast that the suspensions and west of the capital, setting one was hurt . § 1 Displaying an i c y c a l m at Late this afternoon the t i y i l j . ; i minent hecklers. i c a l activists, " w j applied only to people suspected up road blocks to check the t h e e n d o f t h e w o r s t w e e k o f G u a r d surrounded a supposedly Obviously annoyed, General tinue to capture'! of terrorist activity. They were identity of passers-by. They violence since the c i v i l war, deserted farmhouse on the out- Gutierrez M e l l a d o shouldered sonalities, for therj therefore " exceptional mea- had also rounded up dozens, the P r i m e M i n i s t e r said i n a sures " but d i d not constitute skirts of M a d r i d . They lobbed nine-minute broadcast: " W e his way through the crowd, way of m a k i n g tlj perhaps hundreds of people, smoke or tear gas.grenades into b a r k i n g out orders for silence. r e a s o n " . - . 1 a state of emergency. He did many of them belonging not to are facing difficulties and the b u i l d i n g and. there was an p r o b l e m s ; we do not deny M a n y of the angry mourners not point out that since the extremist organizations but G r a p o said that; exchange of fire. H t h a t . B u t ' t h e y do not frighten ignored h i m . They shouted slo- police decide who is a suspect, rather to left-wing parties and ment had launched the measures i n fact do away The latest killings brought ! 'us, nor w i l l they make us gans alleging that the Govern- trade union movements. ment was weak, and screamed of lies against the with constitutional guarantees T h e bloodshed today was the number of persons who ^¿1 change our course." i n order to confus for anyone whom the police have perished i n political vio- r l H e a d d e d : " I n spite of all " Out with the reds ! " and marked by premeditated " Traitors, traitors " . They also It was not true, j choose to investigate. lence i n M a d r i d i n the past ; ithe difficulties, and with your suggested, that violence. sang the Falangist anthem, five days to 10. help, you can be absolutely " m a n i p u l a t e d by \ The " exceptional measures " Just before noon two young " Face to the sun " . go further than the steps taken men wearing trenchcpats One of the foreigners now sure that we are going to stay r i g h t " or by thi o n the path that y o u your- Round-ups continued all over last Wednesday, when it was walked into a postal savings under arrest is M r K e i t h M o r - vices of the selves have mapped out for the country today. A m o n g announced that the dreaded bank i n A l u c h e , a working-class t e n , a former Fleet Street There has been us." - Españolathose picked up i n Santander that the K G B [ journalist who is expected to anti-terrorist law w o u l d be en- suburb i n western' M a d r i d . was the Duchess of Medina- forced. That law allows police A c c o r d i n g to witnesses, they be expelled. Yesterday morning a bomb might be involve; wrecked the Cruz 51 bar i n Sidonia, k n o w n as " t h e red i n g is the issue. *? - i Santurce, a B i l b a o suburb. d u c h e s s " because of her .'.."1 There were no casualties clashes w i t h the Franco The leaflet, d e l ;: 1 : because a customer found the regime. She had only recently morning's post, S $f§j device i n the men's lavatory returned from exile. reforms of the St and gave the a l a r m so the A f t e r questioning i n Santan- ment were intent place c o u l d be evacuated der police headquarters, the serve the domiri ..-a before the bomb went off. The duchess was allowed to leave. financial oligarch Í bar was known to be fre- A l t h o u g h police have been intact a l l the esi j y quenited by right-wingers. ordered to pick up a l l extre- atus of the fascist . j A n o t h e r explosion i n Bilbao mists, the vast majority of per- only difference) M destroyed a van. S i m i l a r blasts sons taken into custody during Grapo, was that j Sfm destroyed cars i n San Sebas- the past few days are members previously were •g{|| d a n and Pamplona. of left-wing parities, labour were now able to g y | In cases w h i c h may or may leaders or other dissidents the change. Th( l | l not be related to the political such as conscientious o b j e c - 1 « | ¡ , posted on Saturd the p o s t m a r k was; tension, an off-duty policeman tors. Because the Scouts were fefl fí 3 shot a m a n dead i n Santander, considered an illegal organiza- E ^ p G r a p o i m p l i c i i and unknown persons sprayed tion under Franco, one M a d r i d fej Senor Santiago ^, -J a policeman's car w i t h scout leader, S e ñ o r L u i s de kj¡¡¡. secretary gener í, m machine-gun fire i n Valencia. Palacio, received a 5 a m visit K''f' Spanish C o m m u n %m The policeman was unhurt and f r o m police at his home and H, f going along with fired back. The assailants got : was interrogated for two \S¿?. and said that ] V j away, but not before he had put hours. asked for an e " j two shots into their car, possi- M r K e i t h Morfett, a former r% K i n g J u a n Carlos. ' j bly wounding one of the f Fleet Street journalist who had L ..'•'¿J attackers. I T h e reforms been taken into custody early j);,: nothing to i m p n The F i r s t of October A n t i - last week when police were in- J \ the people and 1 fascist Resistance Groups vestigating the activities of for-Op "paralyzing the s 5 (Grapo) yesterday claimed eigners i n connexion w i t h f f i p masses " . j responsibility for Friday's extremism, was freed last! i f R e f e r r i n g to j attacks on security policemen Thursday. | p extreme right, G Sand members of the paramili- Leading article, page 13 ff those people w years were the i were n o w p u t t i TRANSICIÓN forward as " den out whom democ be achieved. " ' extreme right, message said, ! Suarez, the K i r Jose M a r i a de former F o r e i j among others, " W i t h the aiir attention, the G i tends that the rightists are t gunmen of C h r i i N e w F o r c e . " T i C h r i s t the K i n g are two right-i groups, some members have for questioning i n the wake of I Polce have I than 200 people I members of • organizations l i ^ W o r k e r s ' Party (official statemi I made. The exti Fundación j p l a i n e d today « 1 situation is bei 1 excuse to supprt I It was lear: j Naval Captain | dez Vives, who | c i s m of the I Saturday's fup • three shot p o l u 1 placed under ho

— s A year after Franco, bullets and confusion still reign A s the heavy granite slab was freely—the c i v i l war wounds d i d not understand why he was right-wing generals like Carlos affect workers dismissed for sified by some as neo-Fascist, eased into place at the V a l l e y are not yet healed. They are there " understood nothing Iniesta, former head of the political reasons. Several and the Popular Party under of the F a l l e n c i v i l war monu- being kept festering by extre- about what has happened i n paramilitary C i v i l Guard, who hundred members of the Bas- S r Jose M a r i a A r e i l z a , the ment outside M a d r i d a year mists at both ends of Spain's this country ". once rashly predicted that que separatist organization former F o r e i g n M i n i s t e r . B o t h ago, sealing i n the coffin of v i v i d political spectrum. F o r P o l i t i c a l violence has regret- F r a n c o i s m w o u l d last a thou- ETA are i n prison. P o l i t i c a l say, they represent the centre. G e n e r a l Franco and symboli- the extreme right every tably marred the road to sand years. courts continue to imprison B ut the left is s t i l l fragmented cally ending his 36-year opponent of the regime con- democracy. To date nearly ChurCh - state relations, people, m a i n l y communist and the ban on the Communist regime, there were many mis- tinues to be a " R e d " and for 40 people have died from strained under Franco, are workers' leaders, and police Party taking part remains a guided predictions that the the extreme left every regime bullets fired by left and right- now reconciled. The press is continue to fine without trial. problem, country w o u l d be plunged into supporter a " F a s c i s t " . F o r wing extremists as well as v i r t u a l l y free to publish what B ut the clamour for political W h i l e the " l o n g dark night another c i v i l war. these minorities the last battle those shot by police in demon- it likes. In foreign relations autonomy for Catalonia and of the d i c t a t o r s h i p " is over S p a i n has come out of h e r the Basque country has quiet- N o w with the first year has yet to be fought. Fortuna- strations—double the number there are uncertain times xenophobic refuge behind the ened down. The k i n g revoked i n post-Franco Spain over and tely the majority, the " s i l e n t i n Portugal since the A p r i l ahead aggravated by the wors- General Franco's Decree L a w Thursday's approval by the dic- (post c i v i l war) generation " is 1974 revolution. Pyrenees and is looking for- ening economic situation w h i c h tator's last Cortes (Parliament) l o o k i n g to the future. A m i d the confusion the w a r d to j o i n i n g the E E C . of 1937 punishing the Basques threatens to jeopardize the sur- of the Government's reforms It has been the year when armed farces, formerly the A l t h o u g h most political p r i - for not supporting his " cru- prising degree of political sta- to establish a democratically politicians, on both sides have guardians of the regime, have soners were released under the sade " . T h i s is u n l i k e l y to q u e l l b i l i t y which exists i n S p a i n elected Parliament for the first buried some differences. Pro- kept quiet. They now find J u l y amnesty muffled cries of the demands altogether, today. However, daubings are time i n over 40 years, little is fessor Joaquin R u i z Gimenez, themselves in the paradoxical " A m n i s t i a y L i b e r t a d " , the although i t was recognition appearing on street walls ref- visible of the dictatorship former Education M i n i s t e r and position of sitting back and chant of the last year, are s t i l l that S p a i n is more than M a d - lecting the degree of polariza- although most of the same laws now leading Christian Demo- watching the dismantling of heard and slogans scrawled on rid. Españolation. One piece of graffiti near and a l l the institutions exist. crat leader, expressed the new the regime which they were street walls. This is because W i t h elections less than six m y home reads " U n d e r Sadly, although there have air of reconciliation of the largely responsible for creat- the amnesty benefited only months away electoral alliances Franco we l i v e d b e t t e r " _ and been notable advances—mainly silent generation when he said ing. The armed forces can now non-violent political prisoners are beginning to be formed, beneath i t someone has written w i t h the amnesty releasing at a homage to the veteran be said to be almost politically under definitions left to polit- starting w i t h the Popular " Yes, some of us " . hundreds of political prisoners socialist Professor E n r i q u e neutral for the first time i n 40 i c a l magistrates to interpret. A l l i a n c e of S r M a n u e l Fraga, a n d allowing exiles to return T i e r n o Galvan that anyone who years—to the obvious anger of A l s o the amnesty does not former Interior M i n i s t e r , clas- William Chislett TUC men find encouragin signs on Spanish visit • F r o m W i l l i a m Chislett was on the way, " f i r m l y on the M a d r i d , Nov 18 agenda", as w e l l as free trade M r Jack Jones, leader of the unionism. There was a grow- Transport and General Workers' i n g ability of the trade unions Union, today criticized the to represent the wishes of Spanish Government for im- w o r k i n g people and a tremen- prisoning and fining workers dous enthusiasm at a l l levels. who took part i n last week's The greatest problem was attempted general strike., going to be how the trade Speaking at a ' news con- unions w o u l d deal with the ference i n M a d r i d , he s a i d : " millions of people who are " T h e degree of repression going to surge into the free which we have learnt of, and trade u n i o n s " . He s a i d : which s t i l l exists, and the fact " There is the need to ensure that people who have taken part that the variety of organiza- in, strikes should be imprisoned tions which exist does not or fined or both, is really out obscure or get i n the way of of date. unity of purpose." " W e hope that the authori- The delegation was invited ties w i l l recognize that world on the four-day visit by the opinion i n the developing coun- socialist General U n i o n of tries is absolutely critical of W o r k e r s ( U G T ) and last night TRANSICIÓNthis sort of conduct and the met representatives of the sooner it ends the better." communist-dominated W o r k e r s ' A p a r t from this criticism Commissions informally. most of the remaining com- F o r M r Jones the visit has ments made by the Trades been an emotional one as he U n i o n Congress delegation, was last in Spain fighting with which also included M r L e n the International Brigade i n M u r r a y , general secretary of, the c i v i l war. He was wounded the T U C , M r Joe Gormley, the at the battle of the E b r o and mineworkers' leader, M r revisited the scene yesterday. George S m i t h , general secretary Neither M r Jones nor M r of the construction workers' M u r r a y seemed any the worse union, and M r A l a n Hargreaves, for their accident yesterday i the T U C international de- when their car went off a lartmenr, were generally mountain road i n Spain. They lavourab'e. dismissed the incident when M r M u r r a y said democracy asked about i t today: - ;

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5 'Wise men'proposal made for next year's election Spanish opposition leader warns Government against backsliding j F r o m R i c h a r d W i g g - These i n c l u d e d c i v i l governors Democrat leader added, the 3 M a d r i d , N o v 22 a n d mayors, the National Move- opposition w o u l d denounce the M Professor Joaquin -, Ruiz- ment, the official trade unions Government for " f i d d l i n g Û G i m é n e z , the Spanish Christian and influential families of the w i t h " the n o m i n a l l y democratic Democrat leader, today warned o l d regime, he said. electoral l a w to give advantage Ê the Government of S e ñ o r S u á r e z The " wise m e n " could be to those parties closest to the • that failure to observe the eminent jurists and experts on Government. E | Spanish people's wishes i n next electoral l a w of k n o w n demo- " If there is not really equal- •year's general election w o u l d cratic sympathies. They w o u l d i t y of opportunity, then neither Falangists chant their jji! put at r i s k a solution to the cooperate w i t h the M i n i s t e r s of the referendum nor the general country's essential social and the Interior, Justice a n d Infor- election w i l l resolve Spain's economic problems. mation i n the Government's p r o b l e m s so that i t can enter hatred of reform •- i " The Spanish people are negotiations w i t h the opposition a constructive phase " . ... • p i ; f - , . „ i , I*', , grateful for the recent steps on the future electoral law and S e ñ o r R u i z - G i m é n e z empha- V i ; F r o n i R i c h a r d W i g g , ?-Pv£ T-vif f.onejjarty , state. Standing on taken towards liberty and demo? supervise the electoral process sized the danger for future f j M a d r i d , N o v 21 ' * ' ' ?• the steps of the Cortes, they .;:cracy, but i f they are defrauded itself. ; ' '. Spanish democracy and accept- ' . The .Government of S e ñ o r . . chanted :' " M e m b e r s of Parlia- ' ï i n the election the reaction A s k e d what the opposition,' ' anee of electoral verdicts i f the A d o l f o . S u á r e z ^ , weathered' ¡ ment,: you are 'traitors " a n d Q c o u l d be very bad, especially w h i c h is threatening to boycott overweighting of less populated demonstrations here yesterday " F r a n c o sí, S u á r e z ! no." t h e y among the w o r k i n g classes " , he the referendum, has to offer the r u r a l areas through the ' " win- to m a r k i t h e first'anniversary of ; also o chanted slogans demand- • . told The Times. " T h i s country Government, Professor R u i z - ner takes a l l " voting 'system te'' the death of General Franco. . i ing that the Government resign, Spcould go into a phase of grow- Gimanez r e p l i e d : " I believe the effectively decided the compo- The m a i n , r a l l y i n M a d r i d ' s as well,as " F r a n c o arise again, l i n g i r r i t a t i o n and rebellion." 'Government has a n interest be- sition of the two houses of Oriente Square,' called by t h e , Spain needs you 'M S e ñ o r R u i z - G i m é n e z is one of fore E u r o p e to show that_ i n Parliament. ".:i,";-. ., . association .of former C i v i l W a r V; Dressed in 'blue "shirts, and, the leading- moderates of the this referendum a l l p o l i t i c a l " I f we do not apply a pure combatants,; was attended by an ;red berets and bearing the red- democratic opposition who had parties are t a k i n g part demo- proportional representation estimated 70,000, people who and-black Falangists' flag along- í i ' p r i o r contacts w i t h the minis- cratically. Otherwise we w o u l d system i n the L o w e r House it had come from many parts of side the Spanish One, they had ters i n the S u á r e z Government. have to s a y ' t h e referendum is w o u l d be very difficult, w i t h Spain. The last r a l l y i n t h e ; marched through central M a d - p A f t e r last week's passage of the nothing more than . . . a nasty the two-thirds majority r e q u i r e d square i n Franco's lifetime rid's narrow streets singing the 'Government-reform B i l l through medicine w h i c h we have got to i n both chambers, to modify numbered 300,000. Falangist anthem and giving the Cortes (Parliament) all the 'swallow." ' .'•' ':"• those fundamental laws o f the ;; The muster of right-wing the fascist salute. They carried ,4 opposition forces f r o m conserva» W h a t the opposition was,seek- Franco regime that remain. W e " u l t r a s " , whose behaviour d i d banners declaring " Franco > v.tive monarchists to the Com- i n g , he emphasized, was noth- i n t e n d to be v e r y demanding not result i n any major" gave us peace and bread, we do munists are n o w demanding i n g m o r e than what existed i n about the electoral l a w so that violence but only the burning not need reforms ". fuller negotiations w i t h the any E u r o p e a n democracy and the Government regulates this of bundles Of newspapers and A f t e r a memorial service last "'. Government before t h é refer- w h i c h w o u l d be voiced by any matter clearly. . .- ..' T h e insults to press photographers, night i n the San J e r ó n i m o endum. democratic party. presence of the special m i n i - showed that their numbersEspañola C h u r c h for J o s é A n t o n i o Primo " I f the Government cannot sters for us here is funda- ought to be well within the de R i v e r a , founder o f . the » ' ! S e ñ o r Ruiz-Giménez, who was concede these things for fear mental " , . h e said. ' ": •" ;' < i ¿ Government's power to keep Falange,"the same .cries were M o n t e Franco's M i n i s t e r of E d u - of the A l i a n z a P o p u l a r (the On the specific requirements f i r m l y i n hand i n the run-up repeated enthusiastically for "i cation but broke w i t h the g r o u p i n g formed o n the Gov- for the referendum, S e ñ o r period to next year's general about, half an h o u r , but the, J regime several years ago, pro- ernment's right by six former Ruiz-Giménez said the Govern- election. - ;'"".'."' - , ; groups then; dispersed quietly. ! • si posed that three o r four " w i s e F r a n c o ministers) that means ment must order c i v i l govern- It was only a crowd of a f e w ' T h e peaceful outcome of the I m e n " s h o u l d be brought into the A l i a n z a is really governing ors and police tó give f u l l pro-, hundreds, most of - them young, r a l l y was partly; due to the fact I a reshuffled government now. a n d not the Suarez Govern- tection to a l l p o l i t i c a l parties p e o p l e belonging to.;'; Fuerza;: that the M a d r i d police, i n jan ;! They w o u l d be ministers with- ment ", he said. A refusal to to campaign for a " yes ", " no '* Nueva accompanied by a hand- unprecedented step, detained I out portfolio but w o u l d have negotiate the exact terms of or abstention. F o r access to f u l of F r e n c h and Italian " neo- some " u l t r a " leaders for a few ^executive power to neutralize the electoral l a w risked being state television and radio, the ; fascists ", which marched after- hours and took away their fire- ^pressure f r o m surviving vested •a " h i s t o r i c m i s t a k e " . Government had merely to giye ! wards to the Cortes (Parlia- a r m licences. 9 interests of the Franco regime. ' In that event, the C h r i s t i a n the appropriate instructions. ment) and the P r i m e Minister's The name of K i n g Juan office. ; " .<«••/. '• Carlos, who attended an official T h e y vented their anger on memorial service outside Mad- the; Cortes, and S e ñ o r S u á r e z rid" with' Franco's widow, was i-i for Thursday night's passing of' w h i s t l e d , at -when jt was men- Communists arrested while recruiting the reform B i l l abolishing the;, tioned during tlie r a l l y ; i n the legal framework of F r a n c o ' s : M a d r i d , N o v 22.-~Five launched its r e c r u i t m e n t cam-' munist-dominated workers' com- capital.; .•• , i Spanish communists were paign as the Government pre- missions. T h e y were detained arrested here today as the ban- pared t o ' h o l d a referendum at an Underground railway, next month on constitutional ned party openly recruited station w h i l e handing out reforms approved b y the Cortes leaflets., ' ' members for the first time since : i ; last week. . Party Sources said the 'firs t the 1936-39 c i v i l war i n prepara- A - p a r t y spokesman said the -of 200,000 membership c*rds tion fo.r - the general election five arrested i n c l u d e d S e ñ o r signed by exiled party leaders next year. Nicolas Sartorius, a journalist were being handed out today i n T h e Communist P a r t y and leader of the i l l e g a l C o m - factories.—Reuter.

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Spanish opposition ^ n 7 s F r o m W i l l i a m Cbistett i t wilth a democratic alterna- tive " , he said. M a d r i d , N o v 25 The opposition now finds T h e Spanish opposition's itself in a d i l e m m a , although it anti-referendum campaign has i s u n w i l l i n g to admit it. If i t started with calls from socialist recommends abstention i t runs and communist leaders for the risk of alienating itself s t i l l further from the great mass of 1 people to abstain from voting Spaniards, who are s t i l l rela- (unless certain conditions are tively uneducated politically as fulfilled. a result of the Franco dictator- I S e ñ o r Felipe Gonzalez, Secre- ship. The opposition also knows ttary-General of the Socialist that whatever i t does the result ' '- ¡Party ( P S O E ) , said last n i g h t : of the referendum is almost a 1"The o n l y solution, i f we want foregone conclusion. ¡ a clean democracy, is to abstain P a u , F r a n c e : A self-confessed j i n the referendum." He was Spanish secret agent, Jose j speaking at the launching of a M a n u e l Marquez, has been sentenced here to eight years' : book about socialism. imprisonment for leading bomb ."-'-':' ! " T h e reform proposals (to attacks against Spanish Basque establish a n elected congress refugees l i v i n g in France.— a n d senate) gets rid of the o l d Reuter. Fundaciónsituation, but St does not replace oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooopópoop oaddpöooöcS o ooö-o

Madrid jail Spanish Government calls sentences for big vote turnout ^rm^m f H f ] F r o m H a r r y Debeiius e n d u m c o u l d be interpreted as M a d r i d , Nov 26 m a n undemocratic attitude i n for adultery | Senor Rodolfo M a r t i n V i l l a , v i e w of its o v e r w h e l m i n g the Interior M i n i s t e r , called importance. "However, I con- couple {/ \ today_ for the fullest participa- sider abstention a legitimate tion i n the c o m i n g referendum posture, although I do not share F r o m H a r r y Debeiius m on the Government's p l a n for it and it does not coincide w i t h M a d r i d , N o v 24 2 s n democratic reform, as news the Government's position." Spain's increasingly active a l i i spread o f at least five more W i t h a Government-sponsored feminist movement received m 9 right-wing terrorist attacks. advertising campaign u r g i n g new ammunition today,- when M e a n w h i l e , nearly a l l the people to vote i n the referen- •mm i t was learnt that a M a d r i d opposition parties not l e d by d u m , already inundating court had sentenced a woman former ministers of General M a d r i d w i t h posters bearing aged 40 w i t h two' c h i l d r e n and Franco agreed to send repre- slogans such as " your voice is a man, aged 33, to seven sentatives to an opposition your v o t e " , p o l i t i c a l police months' i m p r i s o n m e n t each for " s u m m i t " meeting i n M a d r i d today continued to h o l d Senor adultery. on Saturday to decide h o w to M i g u e l G a r c i a Reyes, a univer- make their threatened boycott sitV student, who was arrested Senora C e c i l i a G . F . and n e t e o n Sen or A u r e l i o M . R . were also of the referendum effective. T h u r s d a y w h i l e putting ordered to pay damages of Sefior V i l a , quoted by C i f r a , « P C o m m u n i s t P a r t y posters. £400 to Senor Francisco N . G. 'the semi-official news agency, A n t i - E T A , a fascist extremist ., th eoffended husband. F u l l I said the Government " i s asking organization l i n k e d w i t h t h e names were not given by p r i - I the Spanish people for maxi- Spanish p o l i t i c a l police i n the vate agreement. I m u m ' participation " i n the past, covertly acknowledged | referendum vote o n December machine g u n n i n g a women's T h e sentences w i l l not have I l 5 . • to be served, as both Senora wear shop r u n by a Basque C e c i l i a and Senor A u r e l i o H e added that to abstain home-rule sympathizer i n j benefited f r o m t h e . pardon I from t a k i n g part i n the refer- I Bi l b a o , according to reports granted -by K i n g J u a n Carlos last November 25 when he ascended the throne. T h e prosecution asked for the m a x i m u m six-year sentence

and damages o f £40,000 to % compensate for the offended ^ " "I- Opposition tern^l^S honour of Senor Francisco, but the £400 i n d e m n i t y w i l l only F r o m H a r r y Debeiius »mn^lfiu?atio media A previous request to "hold bavc to be p a i d i f an appeal to M a d r i d , Nov 28 owned by the state ; the congress was turned down, be lodge dbefore the Supreme , Negotiation and democratic presumably because of fears A l m o s t all the i opposition control of the procedural regu- Court, is unsuccessful. challenged the Spanish Govern- that it w o u l d stiffen right-wing lations governing the referen- to block passage i n the t h e couple met' at a hotel, > ment this weekend to make efforts d u m and parliamentary elec- Cortes (Parliament) of propo- where Senora C e c i l i a w o r k e d | the coming referendum on Española tions ; and sals for creation of a dem- after she became separated parliamentary ; reform " legit- Recognition of. the need to ocratically elected parliament. f r o m her husband. Senor A u r e - imately democratic " by f u l f i l l - incorporate the regions and l i o was the hotel personnel i n g seven conditions. Commenting on opposition manager. In December, 1974, ethnic groups into the political A communique distributed structure. calls for negotiations, a com- police, on the instruction of mentator i n the M a d r i d monar- late last night after a five hour The communiqué a d d e d : . the husband, burst into a flat chist daily ABC said today that meeting of representatives of 34 " T h e suppression of repressive and found the couple i n bed. it w o u l d be i l l e g a l for the political parties, movements or measures against c i v i l liberties Government to negotiate with Senor J u a n Ignacio Ortiz de federations i n M a d r i d d i d not is urgent so that the necessary parties • w h i c h were not legally U r b i n a P i n t o , the defending specifically repeat the previous public and collective negotia- recognized. The; Government lawyer, t o l d The Times: " I opposition threat to boycott tion between the Government should demand * that parties hope that this t r i a l w i l l be the the referendum on December and the democratic opposition, asking for negotiation' first last of its k i n d . It clearly 15, but it did call for public regarding the foregoing points comply with the requirements shows the unequal treatment and collective negotiation be- and any other questions for official registration. . w h i c h w o m e n i n Spain receive tween the Government and the related to the establishment of before the l a w . " H e confirmed democratic . opposition without democracy, can get under way In fact, the m a i n political m a t adultery w o u l d cease to delay. ' •" • • without d e l a y " . ' ; . forces of the country, except be a c r i m e w h e n Spain's penal for the conservatives, are ille- code is revised shortly. The opposition decided at Of the 34 political organiza- the meeting that the following tions from centre to left repre- gal at present because the L a s t month, a Zaragoza court m i n i m u m conditions must be sented at the meeting, 31 leaders of all parties left of dismissed a charge of adultery met by the Government before endorsed the c o m m u n i q u é . centre, and of some parties i n gainst a m e d i c a l student. the referendum. They agreed to meet again on t h e centre, refuse to comply Wednesday at the same place, with the registration law as Recognition of a l l p o l i t i c a l they consider it too restrictive. parties and trade union organi- the offices of Professor E n r i - zations ; que Tierno Galvan's P o p u l a r Thus, if the Government Socialist Party, to name a com- Recognition, protection and were to adopt t h è position, of Civil war book appears in mittee to negotiate w i t h the the ABC columnist, and ' of guarantee of political and Government. trade union freedoms ; . most right-wing organizations, In another important polit- it w o u l d amount to turning a Spain 15 years late iy Urgent dismantling of .the ical development, informed deaf ear to some of the most Franco political apparatus and F r o m Our Correspondent He added that i f S p a i n sources said that the Govern- influential political bodies i n managed to go from a dictator- effective political neutrality by ment w i l l permit the Spanish the country, bodies w h i c h M a d r i d , N o v 30 the public administration ; , ship to a true democracy it Socialist W o r k e r s ' Party to aspire to be able to prove their] !"";':':' '; F i f t e e n years after it was would be a t r i u m p h almost A true political amnesty ; h o l d its mi-.tonal congress in representative strength at th< first p u b l i s h e d i n E n g l i s h and without parallel.. E o u a l opportunities to use the capital t n December 5-8. polls. Spanish Professor H u g h Since General F r a n c o died Thomas's book The Spanish hardly a week has passed with- P i out a book being published on g Civil War was launched here TRANSICIÓN an aspect of the c i v i l war or the I last night. T h e book remained dictator's rule. M o r e than 100 M l banned u n t i l G e n e r a l Franco have appeared i n the last year. died, although copies of the B u t not u n t i l the m a i n pro- 1§11§|L Spanish edition, published i n tagonist of the c i v i l war died JSISSMI P a r i s , circulated i n secret. was permission given for the l^^ffl most objective book. T o the |pjgj| A b i b l e for Spaniards, who Franco regime Professor |M|p£ are o n l y now being able to read Thomas was a " revolutionary ", pra books other than those. pre- something he disputed as non- scribed b y the F r a n c o regime o n sense. A f t e r his speech manyt^g^i (Safe; the subject, the book has people, clutching battered-j||||p already s o l d 25,000 copies i n copies of the book, asked for BUM paperback since it appeared a his autoeranh — B B l e w days ago. A n estimated 800 people t u r n e d up at the Palacio de Cangresos last night to hear Professor Thomas speak. H e s a i d he felt very emotional at f i n a l l y being able to present the. book after the battle h i s publishers h a d h a d with the authorities d u r i n g the last six years. T h e contract for the paperback e d i t i o n i n two v o l u m e s , was signed i n 1970 w i t h Grijalbo. The hardback e d i t i o n Fundación is by Ruedo Iberico, who D P S * published the first Spanish edition i n Paris. kg? Professor Thomas said he felt confident about the changes that were t a k i n g place i n Spain.

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