san • Carrillo role likely in WEST EUROPE. opposition meeting Falangist support f oi§§ F r o m Our Correspondent M a d r i d , J a n 3 with the release of ,Señor Car- S e ñ o r Santiago C a r r i l l o ,V* "the rillo on bail, whlqn is tanta- mi political amnesty to Communist leader, is trying to mount to recognising his right mi make up for lost time after be- to stay i n Spain and take part i n i n g barred from openly taking politics, it is thought l i k e l y that part i n opposition politics i n the Government w i l l n o w be aid Spanish democracy S p a i n for 37 years. H e is w i l l i n g to proceed with the F r o m H a r r y Debelius M e a n w h i l e right-wing ex- expected to attend tomorrow's talks. ' . tremists reacted to the rash of ;| meeting of the opposition's M a d r i d , Jan 4 "v; S e ñ o r Joaquin Satrustegui, pro-amnesty demonstrations i n I negotiating team to discuss T h e fascist-rooted Falange the L i b e r a l representative i n the surprisingly j o i n e d the clamour .the north w i t h 'new' death ii future contacts w i t h the Govern- group, was quoted i n the news- M ment. for a broader amnesty today. threats to the \ editors of the paper Hvja del Lunes as M S I The self-styled " authentic * sec- ' Basque weekly •; magazine' | . S e ñ o r Carrillo.was released on s a y i n g : " T h e Government w i l l | ¡ | ¡ t o r " of the party sent a l e t t e r , Berriak. A n o n y m o u s telephone b a i l four days ago from f i n d a satisfactory solution to § p ¡ ¡ to S e ñ o r A d o l f o S u á r e z , the- calls, t e l l i n g them that they ^ M a d r i d ' s Carabanchel prison. H e the problem of the Spanish BBm P r i m e M i n i s t e r , listing five con- Would be blown up, came only f i s accused of i l l e g a l association, Communist. Party." ditions for advancement " a l o n g days after arsonists burnt out ^ a l t h o u g h it is most u n l i k e l y that H e r r Schmidt, the West Ger- the road to d e m o c r a c y " . the magazine's San Sebastian , he w i l l ever come to t r i a l . H e m a n Chancellor, is due to see The Falangists wanted the . offices. ' • • i h e l d a meeting with the party's the P r i m e M i n i s t e r i n M a d r i d voting age lowered to 18 ; repre- T h e weekly, which began pub- ^executive committee over the on Thursday i n S e ñ o r S u á r e z ' s sentation i n Parliament for c u l - ; : i weekend. 1 l i s h i n g only last September,-has new residence at t h e M o n c l o a tural and neighbourhood assoc- angered' right-wingers re-' y . Contacts between the opposi- Palace. T h e move'.from the iations ; abolition .of the ; peatedly because of its pro-. B t i o n and the Government stop- Castellana has been made for National Movement, the p o l i t i c a l Basque editorial line.. y p e d when police arrested S e ñ o r security reasons and to give organization i n w h i c h they were ^ C a r r i l l o and se,ven other C o m - more status to his office. - incorporated by General. In M a d r i d a select committee ¡ m u n i s t s . T h e opposition decided of nine representives of the There was no f u r t h l L , F r a n c o ; elimination of the re- "not to start further contacts opposition, designated by their development i n the k i d n a p p i n g quirement for political parties u n t i l they were released. parties to, negotiate w i t h / the of S e ñ o r A n t o n i o M a r i a deT to seek official approval a n d ' W h e n the opposition .included : Government about the c o m i n g O r i o l today after the second register; and amnesty ' f o r ' elections, today found a new Communist i n their team it deadline on his life r a n out at political prisoners, iwas thought that S e ñ o r A d o l f o midnight. A new note was sent j The appeal for ampesty coin- face at their discussions. The. jSuarez, t h e P r i m e M i n i s t e r , to the evening newspaper cided w i t h other similar appeals Spanish Communist P a r t y was j w o u l d refuse to accept this un- Informaciones yesterday con- from many p o l i t i c a l organiza- represented, b y S e ñ o r Santiago jder right w i n g pressure. The f i r m i n g that he was s t i l l alive. tions, and w i t h a continuing ' C a r r i l l o , h o ' longer i n h i d i n g series' of demonstrations, ' par- after his brief spell in the Cara- ticularly i n the Basque country. banchel prison and his subse- However the Falangist appeal quent release • pending t r i a l on had little else i n common w i t h a charge of " illegalEspañola associa- the demands of the demonstra- tion tors. T h e idea of parliamen- M a d r i d , Jan 4.—The Spanish tary representation o n anything opposition leaders, meeting here iWEST EUROPE. but a proportional or geographi- today, selected a four-man cal basis is a clear throwback commission .to negotiate w i t h to General Franco's so-called S e ñ o r S u á r e z . The commission " organic democracy " ; and the d i d not include any communists. _ HSpanish reforms keep interest of the Falange i n It's members a r e : S e ñ o r amnesty seems to have de- veloped only since S e ñ o r Felipe González, of • the S u á r e z ' s Government at last be- Spanish Socialist W o r k e r s ' « l u p momentum of gan to arrest right-wing thugs as P a r t y ; S e ñ o r A n t o n Canellas, w e l l as leftists. of the Christian Democratic A s for the abolition "of the P a r t y ; S e ñ o r J u l i o Jauregui, jdriveto democracy National Movement, hard-core representative of the B a s q u e s ; Falangists have always favoured and S e ñ o r J o a q u i n Satrustegui, F r o m H a r r y Debelius over the issue by the tactical that, i f only i n secret, because manoeuvre. They have given g | g the movement absorbed them o f the L i b e r a l Party,—Agence M a d r i d , Jan 5 0- their team the specific task of g g | | and diminished their influence., France-Presse. It was K i n g Juan Carlos's negotiating on o n l y two issues: thirty-ninth birthday today and a broader amnesty and recogni- I E p •^•Spaniards had a few things to tion for a l l political parties. g « Eelebrate: a decree excluding A l t h o u g h a head-on collision g f | | ^ c o n s c i e n t i o u s objectors from has thus been avoided, it could • : S l m i l i t a r y service ; the temporary come later. Opposition leaders | | g > I ; ^ a v o i d a n c e of a collapse in nego- told reporters last night that a r • t i a t i o n s between Government second team—possibly i n c l u d i n g ! : H;,and opposition ; the release of a Communist—will be chosen ¡¡ja number of Basque pro- to handle the next r o u n d of amnesty demonstrators ; and a talks with the P r i m e M i n i s t e r . 'more liberal draft of a law to and discuss the democratic ¡¡I legalize trade unions. guarantees needed for holding I l l T h e text of the conscientious elections. Slobjection decree, published to- Police freed an unspecified ,day. savs that objectors may number of people in the Basque ?*1 serve " i n posts of civic city of San Sebastian who had -Í3interest" rather than in the been taken into custodyTRANSICIÓN during rrmed forces, but this service the past few days i n connexion . " w i l l last for three years com- with demonstrations i n favour ft| pared to the average conscript's of a broader amnesty. They service of one year to 18 were released just in time to months. take part i n traditional family festivities winding up the 4 ;*;»•' í Leaders of the principal oppo- Christmas season, i n c l u d i n g sition parties avoided stalemate tonight when gifts are ex- with the Government by desig- changed i n Spain. nating a four-man bargaining The independent M a d r i d i i- team with no Communist mem- d a i l y El Pais reported today J-i. ber to begin negotiations with that a parliamentary committee, S e ñ o r A d o l f o Suarez, the P r i m e which is studying government, M i n i s t e r , on the preparing for proposed legislation to legalize the country's move towards trade unions, has modified the I democracy. Government's proposal, making There had been some con- the text more liberal. The pro- cern that if the opposition in- posed law is to be presented sisted on having a Communist i n the near future to a plenary member o n the team the Gov- session of the Cortes for I K ernment would refuse to meet approval. The first draft of the it. proposed law merely referred The opposition party leaders to " associations " of workers did not actually renounce their the latest version uses the t e r m demand for legalization of a l l " organizations ". The new ver- parties including the ., Com- sion also makes it a less onerous procedure to gain legal munist P a r t y ; they s i m p l y put recognition for a trade union, Fundaciónoff the eventual showdown OOOOOOOOOOOO ©0ÔOOO p o o o-O O O O O Ó O © © O 00 O O Ò Ò Ò o o o o ò o . o ò o ó ó o*ò"òo"o:6155>I

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Señor Carrillo will use new found . : • , J freedom to campaign : for the return of 'La Pasionaria' ; ¡ g | F r a m W i l l i a m Chislett prosecutor concerning republi- until I gave the press c o n f e r í -, v.; 4^ M a d r i d , J a n 6 6 can atrocities. ence in December and then i« T h e Spanish C o m m u n i s t Party Senor C a r r i l l o read out a took steps to get me.- They| . is h o p i n g that S e ñ o r a Dolores passage about Paracuellos refused u n t i l then to believe p I b a r r u r i , " L a P a s i o n a r i a " , its w h i c h said that the k i l l i n g s had the rumours that I was h e r e " , «1 legendary president who is 82, been carried out between he said. w i l l be able to return to Spain November 1 and November 7, He entered Spain on February next month for the first time i n 1936. He s a i d : " I d i d not take 17, apparently as a tourist cross- •'.-Si $j 37 years, S e ñ o r Santiago Car- up m y position as head of pub- ing the F r e n c h border. H e w o u l d rillo, the party's secretary l i c order u n t i l the night of the not confirm this specifically but ,1 É general, t o l d The Times. s e v e n t h " . H e then turned to denied that lie had come by way ff S e ñ o r C a r r i l l o , w h o was re- pictures of documents and: of Portugal. . V jtU leased o n b a i l f r o m Carabanchel s a i d : " N o t one of them is '.. " Spain i s very easy to enter. I prison a week ago pending pos- signed by me." 1 I I can t e l l y o u that most of the | sible though u n l i k e l y t r i a l for H e had been responsible only times that I.entered Spain dur- I i l l e g a l association—and ' s o for the decision to transfer the ing m y l l - m o n t h i l l e g a l period a allowed to l i v e legally i n Spain prisoners f r o m M a d r i d to here I was not even asked for § —is using his freedom to fight V a l e n c i a after November 7. O n my passport. I entered l i k e any 1 for S e ñ o r a Ibarruri's return. the way, " forces which at that other tourist." . :' - Sjj " I f she is refused permis- moment we could not determine H i s experience of l i v i n g 22 ; | sion we shall mount a national stopped the convoy and k i l l e d years clandestinely i n France | . and international campaign and the p r i s o n e r s " . undoubtedly helped. i as a last resort she w i l l a r r i v e H e is w r i t i n g a letter to the Later this m o n t h the party I" at Barajas airport illegally, al- press about the matter. " It is is to publish a list of its candi- § though we hope this w i l l not o n l y now that I have become dates for the forthcoming I b é necessary ", he said, politically important that this general election. S e ñ o r C a r r i l l o § T h e .day he was released campaign has started ", he said. seems confident that the party % S e ñ o r C a r r i l l o telephoned her " If- we begin l i k e this we w i l l be able to take part i n it. '• i n M o s c o w and she told h i m : shall never have reconciliation He said that his party w o u l d " I have m y bags packed." but only a spirit of revenge , not form an electoral alliance I« S e ñ o r C a r r i l l o now finds faim- w h i c h w i l l make the goal of w i t h the Socialists but d i d , how- Española s; Self r obably the most guarded democracy and peaceful change ; ever," reveal that there might S man in S p a i n after S e ñ o r impossible. If we take the be a wide alliance, i n c l u d i n g I S u a r e i , the P r i m e M i n i s t e r , and responsibilities n o w on both-, the Progressive Christian Demo- I K i n g J u a n Carlos. Outside the sides, and those of the national- crats, for the election for the 1 entrance to the block of flats ists were enormous after the Senate. 1 where S e ñ o r C a r r i l l o lives w i t h w a r w i t h over 200,000 execu- There w i l l thus be no alliance i his f a m i l y on the edge of the tions, there w i l l be another c i v i l i n the p o l l for the L o w e r ' - w o r k i n g class district o f war and h o t reconciliation." House w h i c h is elected: by a i Vallecas, two young party mem- Senor C a r r i l l o believes that f o r m of proportional -repre- sentation, but there may w e l l : bers check a l l his visitors, reconciliation must be preceded j F a r t h e r down the street, the b y a total amnesty to include be one for the U p p e r House, ! police watch f r o m a distance, everyone imprisoned for crimes whose members are elected by a simple majority system. F o r the extreme rightists of violence, committed for p o l i - S e ñ o r C a r r i l l o is p u b l i c enemy tical reasons. " I f the democratic, forces N o 1. T h e y blame h i m for the " I f after this amnesty there present themselves separately for the Senate then the F r a n - k i l l i n g s of 12,000 prisoners at is further terrorism then this is coist forces w i l l probably w i n , the beginning of the " c i v i l war another matter ", he said. but i f there is_ an alliance then at Paracuellos outside M a d r i d . H i s own release from prison the democratic presence can T h e publication of General has to some extent solved the be assured", he said. Franco's c i v i l w a r veterans, El thorny problem of the legaliza- " This is not the time for the Alcazar, claimed i n an article tion of the Communist Party. H e unification of the left. It i s on M o n d a y that S e ñ o r C a r r i l l o denied, however, that his arrest the moment for a w i d e r had ordered the k i l l i n g s . had been deliberately planned collaboration of the democratic W h e n T asked h i m whether by the party and that the Gov- forces to establish freedom. this was true, he opened a book ernment k n e w where he was Perhaps after democracy is nn his desk, entitled The Red long before his arrest. . " - established there w i l l be Domination in Spain w h i c h was " T h e government did not alliances." published i n 1940 by the public take m y presence here seriously L e a d i n g article, page. 13 mm' Herr Schmidt in Spain to offer advice $ F r o m H a r r y Debeiius N a t i o n a l Movement TRANSICIÓN and the send protests to the K i n g , theg ' ¿ M a d r i d , J a n 6 state-run trade unions should be P r i m e M i n i s t e r , the command-g I H e r r Schmidt, the West Ger- abolished, the M i n i s t r y of In- i n g officer of the C i v i l G u a r d s 1 man Chancellor, arrived i n formation and T o u r i s m should and the provincial g o v e r n o r ^ - M a d r i d today on an " un drop the information side of its complaining that a C i v i l Guards :' o f f i c i a l " visit, after spending business, and the three military detachment had broken up ag y Christmas on the Costa del S o l . ministries should be combined peaceful new year's party of thef? H e r n a n i parents' association,^ \\ H e is said to be bringing advice into one. entering the h a l l , orderingK >:j for both K i n g J u a n Carlos, and S e ñ o r Suarez is expected to people out, and f i r i n g t h e i r | i S e ñ o r Suarez, the P r i m e talk to his German visitor about weapons. I M i n i s t e r . Spain's serious economic prob- ,1 The Chancellor's 1 first meeting lems and about its need for help In Cordoba, S e ñ o r M a n u e l f i was-with S e ñ o r F e l i p e Gonzalez, to overcome them. F r a g a Iribarne, the f o r m e r i :-: the secretary general of the It is believed that, the ques- Ambassador i n L o n d o n , who i s | Spanish Socialist W o r k e r s ' tion o f - w h i c h colour system considered as a possible"- future i Party, before his meeting w i t h ' Spain should adopt for tele- P r i m e M i n i s t e r , denounced the? *\ S e ñ o r Suarez. vision—the German P a l or the Basque plea for total amnesty. ( F r e n c h Secam—will come up i n H e said: " N o b o d y can d e f e n d í $ T o m o r r o w m o r n i n g H e r r a man whose hands are blood- j Schmidt is to c a l l on the K i n g the conversation. West German r:'¡ at the Zarzuela Palace. That interests hope to reach the I meeting had not figured on the L a t i n A m e r i c a n market through M a d r i d , J a n 6.—-King J u a n original programme drawn up Spain. ' Carlos, i n a speech to generals m a r k i n g the Epiphany, appealed : by the Spanish authorities. The Bastjue . campaign for a ] The evening newspaper Infor- broader amnesty is going on. for discipline and loyalty i n the | y g I naciones quotes German T w o young men today kept a armed forces. : •',-'•' j p l % sources as saying that H e r r pro-amnesty v i g i l on top of a " W e are l i v i n g delicate J :; Schmidt, if asked, w i l l advise factory chimney of the Babcock moments" , he said, asking t h e | generals to obey orders for t h e g ;! the K i n g and the P r i m e and W i l c O x machine tool plant % M i n i s t e r that Spain should lega- near Bilbao. . good of the country, even iffj FundaciónThe town council of H e r n a n i , these went against their \pej>j •': lize a l l political parties includ- ú ihg the Communists, that the near San Sebastian, decided to sonal convictions.—Reuter. ft

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Mass executions in Spain's civil war caused Communist leader to be known as the 'Assassin of Paracuellos' j Carrillo record belies his new image m F r o m H a r r y Debelius November, 1936, i n the M a d r i d right-wing M a d r i d evening area, and never heard of again, newspaper Alcazar dedicated :'i M a d r i d , Jan 7 There are authenticated lists, its front page to a huge black H T h e democratic halo at pres- complete with dates, i n a num- cross and a brief text i n si ent w o r n by Senor Santiago ber of cases, i n c l u d i n g the 105 memory of those executed at H C a r r i l l o , secretary-general . of prisoners taken from the San Paracuellos ;the Spanish Communist Party, A n t o n j a i l on November The edition was snapped up. F r o m O u r C o r n his 1 mis somewhat tarnished by and shot. The eager buyers i n V a l e n c i a — M a d r i d , J a n 11 c i v i l i own statements and his The Paracuellos affair alone and possibly i n other parts o'f ' Shootings i n Í war record. was certainly enough to justify Spain as well—included Com- a n d a,rash of á¡ I A l t h o u g h Senor C a r r i l l o .Senor Carrillo's nickname i n munists buying a l l available which at least t I denies personal responsibility, right-wing circles as " A s s a s s i n copies in order to keep it frdm died i n a wee 1 I few serious historians have of P a r a c u e l l o s " , but it was not circulating. fears that' Spaj I m u c h doubt? about his role i n the only affair i n which he was S e ñ o r C a r r i l l o was a leader the verge of i I the mass executions at Para- i n v o l v e d that might cast doubt of Socialist Y o u t h when p a r a b l e to* that] | cuellos, on the outskirts of on the sincerity of his espousal extremist elements of ' that uncontrolled •'. a * M a d r i d , four months after the of democracy. • • • movement k i l l e d Falangist stu- violence. • . J c i v i l war began i n 1936. A s M a d r i d ' s public order dent M a t í a s Montero oh •'However, 'the *H M r H u g h Thomas, the chro- chief.i Senor C a r r i l l o , who was February 9, 1934. Seven months ment remains c vj nicler of that war best known 21 at the time, is also reported later—still more than a year to be moving f i M to B r i t i s h readers, says Senor to have given the order for the and a half before the m i l i t a r ^ announced deiri " | j C a r r i l l o was responsible for assault on the F i n n i s h embassy uprising w h i c h eventually A - negotiatinj g public order at the time of the i n M a d r i d , violating, from a post brought General Franco to representing v i s killings, adding that the first i n the government, the principle power—Señor C a r r i l l o tofd opposition p a n § prisoners were k i l l e d at Para- of dimplomatic i m m u n i t y i n Socialist Y o u t h members i n - a . to left, was ro' cuellos by their guards i n a order to imprison those who had speech: " D o n ' t be w e a £ S e ñ o r Suarez. O moment of panic. taken asylum i n the embassy. . Squashing an agent provocateur had earlier p u | M r Thomas and other his- A decree signed by General should give us the same sensa- that their, missi torians say that during the fol- Franco and promulgated on tion as squashing a cockroach." t i a t é the legalist tical parties ant lowing days, mass executions M a r c h 31, 1969, to commemo- . In contrast with his present of the amnesty] of political prisoners were car- rate the thirtieth anniversary of air of political respectability, I n . . anptherj r i e d out i n M a d r i d and Para- his victory i n the c i v i l war, S e ñ o r C a r r i l l o s a i d ' as late as cuellos, as well as i n the other established a statute of limita- October 10, 1975, when General liberalization, a nearby towns of San Fernando tions for such crimes, absolving Franco was already mortally tee of the M p and Torrejon. Senor C a r r i l l o from the threat i l l : " I : do not condemn vio- has reportedly í E x a c t l y how many poeple died of trial i n connexion with the lence. I am not opposed to of a p r o p o s a l • in the massacres at Para- killings. violence. I accept it when it l a w authorizing cuellos and other towns i n the But if the dictator and most is necessary, and if the revolu- to fine or jail; M a d r i d area is hard to say, but other Spaniards have forgiven, tion i n Spain calls for violence, out t r i a l . , ? J I thousands of prisoners were many of them find i t hard to as it has i n other countries, .1 . The Roman, tafcen from „_ i h e i r c e l l s , i n forget. Last January 3, the w i l l be readv to carry it out agency Logo,' EspañolaM a d r i d today t the proposal, administrative ] be transferrer WEST EUROPE courts. W i t h the apj spreading, the; Madrid sïiop Itewards call for newspaper, Inj t o d a y : " I t see already a cótise S u á r e z Goveri steps to curb terrorists democratic opp n e e d to set' p free á s 'soon', w o u l d not be* asgurimen^nd Cabinet, took u amnesty at f From Harry Debelius died as police broke up a pro- tier, confirmed that tomorrow WEST EUROPE, week." ] Madrid, Jan 10 ';,,' amnesty demonstration by he would receive the joint nego- On pressure i . 3 Political activists wounded about 10,000 people. It is tiating committee of the oppo- f,*- j three factory guards in Madrid assumed that the boy died in sition to discuss the legalization v,"'today with a burst of machine a fall after climbing a wall of all parties and the growing Madrid bans meeting '1 pistol fire, while strikes spread fleeing from the police. demand for total amnesty. gB|j>n the Basque country in a de- The Madrid shooting was Commenting on the mounting '.mand for total amnesty for poll- related to the kidnapping" of tension in the Basque country, f § | jtical prisoners. : , » * Senor Antonio Maria de Oriol, the Madrid evening newspaper of Basque mayors i - i : the King's principal adviser, oil Informations said today in an Basqt :'.;«y| About half a dozen young December 11 by the First of article by Senor Abel Hern- F r o m H a r r y Debelius ered - by ;some town councils men entered the CASA aircraft October anti-Fasdst Resistance andez, its political commenta- M a d r i d , Jan 13 ;• - • , K : included ignoring the'Madrid? ' .factory; in Getafe, on the -out- Group (Grapo) which supports tor: "Each day of delay in A n order banning a scheduled order and boycotting the alterj recepl \ .'skirts of Madrid, with the day granting a broader amnesty native meetings with the the Reconstituted Communist; " summit meeting " of Basque f$P& shift of workers at about 7.45 Party. tightens the spiral of ten- Interior Minister. ! From Our Ct :s mayors today provoked indig- M a d r i d , Jan Í • - .,am. They harangued the wor- In their last message, de- sion. ". .Vv •'••'•' ••• '.'' -- I n another development, tlu ; t ikers, calling for a general nation and a threat of more Señor Rod< livered to a Madrid newspaper "The Basque problem cannot reform programme of Seño: the Minister' strike and distributed propa- last week, the kidnappers called wait. It is one of the most seri- disturbances i n the north o f S u á r e z , the Prime Minister, y i was' given tl ' ...iganda of the Reconstituted Com- for a general strike from today ous ones which the Government Spain. fered a setback yesterday, whto from Basque' munist Party. The workers in support of total amnesty. and the opposition face at this a committee of the (Cortes', A t the meeting, promoted by he toured th. apparently paid little attention. There is widespread suspicion time. Any effort to seek urgent Parliament watered down a proj in,what loofci •Vi When the activists were leav- that the kidnappersTRANSICIÓN are in fact reconciliation in that land and the Basque Nationalist Party posal to legalize trade union' for.his deds: its just and necessary autonomy and other Basque political other than the Sindicatos, the, g | t-'jlng the factory, three guards directed by right-wing extrem- "summit, mi '¿1 tried to stop them for identi- ists to create an atmosphere of will serve to promote the demo- movements for next Sunday, the obligatory state-run unions. V mayors.' •{ ' ! - ification. Witnesses say that one violence and insecurity. cratic process in peace. We mayors were to have discussed The committee rejected, a He met th | p »Jjof the band then opened fire The shop stewards of th« hope that there is still time for a plea for total amnesty for text which would have opened towns of ; t '|<• ,jwith a machine pistol,' wound- CASA factory issued a declara- that." political activists, a demand the door to " horizontal" trade Navarra in I *• 'ing all three guards, one of tion condemning today's "crim- The Government replied over for the reinstatement of a unionism, approvmg in its stead excused ther inal attack" and urging the the weekend to amnesty appeals one w h i c h preserves Spain's :them seriously. One bullet Z^^lr^r.,, * degree of autonomy, and a re- " sack ". Of th v.. crashed through the windshield Government to take steps by breaking up demonstrations, gf q u e s t f o r t h e recognition o f ^ " vertical " system, which com- up, five made ;:.'!"? of a bus carrying workers for against "these terrorist bands forcing amnesty supporters out Basque language as v a l i d for a l l bines; representatives of workers felt that the; gjggfa the' shift,. The gunmen drove which day after day cut down of churches and arresting dozens official dealings, on a par w i t h . and management in the same meeting was; „ • a w a y in the confusion, the lives of Spanish citizens, of people. H Castilian, Spain's official lan- organization. unacceptable. hiding .behind names of leftist In Valencia on Saturday the " guage. " ; The "vertical" proposal, .Señor Tom In the Basque region, a strike groups, when all of us ktfow police seized banners and a red approved by only one vote w i l l mayor of- Pa S was gathering strength to sup- that their only reason for using flag at the funeral of a worker T h e Order banning the meet- soon be submitted for approval minister: j port'amnesty calls for Basque such a name is to camouflage who had died of a heart attack ing was issued in M a d r i d today to a plenary session of the bothered to • ^extremists and in protest over their true identity**. during a police charge on by S e ñ o r Rodolfo M a r t i n V i l l a , Cortes.' : : vincial authc the Interior M i n i s t e r . H e offered Señor Martin H thft^dea&^fsjferday., of , * ,boy,L Sources dosetotheoffice of vustrikers. . ...The. .funeral, -v - Í In contrast with the diehard at the same time to meet the | l of 15 in Sestao, near Bilbao. He Senor Suarez, the Prime Minis- attended by 3,000 mourners. stand by Francoists in the the mavors d Basque mayors at some future Cortes, the five-ton, three-storey The latest ippigldate, but this got a c h i l l y recep- i n the Basque region. . high Falange symbol on the facade of the national head- There were urgent meetings quarters of the Sindicatos town councils i n many parts covered today by a tarpaulin, the Basque, country today, to i n preparation for its remova! decide what to do about the b y order of S e ñ o r Enrique de Fundación |prohibition. Proposals consid- l a M a t a , tile Sindicatos Minister

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W E S T E U R O P E Señor Suarez meets Doubts on Spanish WEST E U R O P E negotiating team kidnappers' of opposition parties identity 1,000 Basques attend F r o m O u r Correspondent Spanish Communist Party, the I F r o m H a r r y Debelius M a d r i d , J a n 11 newspaper s a i d : " It seems! M a d r i d , J a n 14 H i l l clear that the P C E w i l l be able! Shootings in the past two days to present candidates for Parlia-J A high government official and a rash of demonstrations i n ment, either through ' electoralI heightened speculation i n which at least two persons have g r o u p s ' or as independents.] M a d r i d today that the kidnap- died i n a week have aroused pers of one of the K i n g ' s despite police action B u t there w i l l be no legal recog- fears that Spain might be on n i t i o n of ( S e ñ o r Santiago)! p r i n c i p a l advisers were right- the verge of a situation, com- F r o m W i l l i a m Chislett three demands must be met to C a r r i l l o ' s party before t h e l wing extremists masquerading parable to that i n A r g e n t i n a , of E c h a r r i Arahaz, Jan 16 ensure " t h e reconciliation and spring elections, by a l l indica-j as anti-fascists. uncontrolled and escalating : Hundreds o f riot police and normal harmony of.'? • o u r tions." • violence. T h e official expressed the c i v i l guards manned roadblocks ' p e o p l e " . ? V Terrorists seriously wounde " very p e r s o n a l " opinion that throughout the Basque country However, the Suarez Govern- A t t a c k i n g the authorities for a factory executive i n th " G r a p o does not e x i s t " . H e today to prevent people from ment remains c a l m and appears breaking up meetings arid per- Basque country today, i n tfat was referring to the self-styled attending a pro-amnesty meet- to be m o v i n g f i r m l y towards its secuting people identifying j second p o l i t i c a l shooting i n First of October Anti-Fascist ing i n the village of E c h a r r i announced democratic goals. w i t h Basque nationalism, he days. Resistance Groups, a n organiza- Aranaz. ' •i'.fi' ., •'. *'.':•' A • negotiating team of four, pointed out that" 85 per cent S e ñ o r Gonzalo Santos Tur-I tion w h i c h has been h o l d i n g Nevertheless about 1,000 of prisoners . i n .'.Spain were' representing v i r t u a l l y all the Senor A n t o n i o M a r i a de O r i o l , rientes, director of safety and! people crammed info the town- Basques who only cornprised 8| opposition parties from centre the president of the C o u n c i l or sanitation at the Magefesa fac-t h a l l where the scheduled meet- per cent of the whole popula- to left, was received today by tory of home appliances, near! State, hostage since December S e ñ o r Suarez. Opposition leaders ing went ahead without trouble. tion. ".: .y ';• • B i l b a o , was reported to be in-I 11.'' '..': Since early morning the had earlier p u b l i c l y announced serious condition. G u n m e n h a d l A b o u t 170 political activists, that their mission was to nego- .The official's remarks were police had been turning back mainly belonging to E T A , the f i r e d at h i m f r o m a p a r k e d c a r l anyone they suspected was tiate the legalization of a l l p o l i - I made o h the same day on w h i c h Basque separatist organization, as he was on his way to work. heading to the village. A heli-. tical parties and the broadening H e h a d five bullet wounds, t h e l i t Was learnt • that a new were estimated to be s t i l l i n copter flew overhead. of the amnesty. most serious of w h i c h were t o l message ' from the kidnappers prison. The violence used by The village c o u n c i l . had In , another step towards his stomach and intestines. 1 had been received, together activists was " a r e p l y to the with a letter from Senor O r i o l invited a l l councils from the liberalization, a special commit- It is believed that the attack! institutional violence and politi- to his family. four Basque provinces to the tee of the M i n i s t r y of Justice was carried out by the separate cal repression ", the mayor said. has reportedly finished its study Both were delivered by a meeting to c a l l for a total A councilor told m e : " W e ist organization E T A . S e ñ o r ! amnesty, the restoration of of a proposal to abrogate the Santos is said to have right-wing! young man who handed the en- want the slate wiped clean and traditional Basque rights and l a w authorizing the Government sympathies. I velope, m a r k e d " T o the E d i t o r , to be able to start afresh. The to fine or j a i l dissidents with- U r g e n t " , to a doorman at the acceptance of the Basque lan- presence of the police here is Doctors i n a M a d r i d hospital | guage for official use. out t r i a l . reported today that the condi-[ offices of the M a d r i d evening l i k e that of an invading army." newspaper, Informaciones, last Senor Rodolfo M a r t i n V i l l a , EspañolaOne young Basque coming to The R o m a n Catholic news tion of the three guards f r o m the M i n i s t e r of the Interior, agency Logos reported i n the aircraft factory who had night. the meeting was stopped at a banned the meeting on the M a d r i d today that, according to been shot by members of the T h e kidnappers' message was roadblock, taken out of his car ground that there w o u l d be too the proposal, j u r i s d i c t i o n over so-called .Reconstituted Com- i n a sealed envelope addressed and beaten up i n a police bus many people for the police to administrative sanctions w o u l d munist P a r t y yesterday was] to Senor R o d o l f o M a r t i n V i l l a , parked outside a hotel while guarantee law and order and be transferred to ordinary i m p r o v i n g . the M i n i s t e r of the Interior. hotel guests looked on. that certain conditions had not courts. Sources said that it repeated M a d r i d , Jan 1 6 — A b o u t 30 been complied w i t h . W i t h the appeal for amnesty B i l b a o : A n open air funeral j Grapo's earlier demand for the mayors from the Guipuzcoa pro- mass for a 15-year-old youth who ! A t about 7 am, the police spreading, the M a d r i d evening release of 15 accused o r con- vince, unable to reach E c h a r r i ( newspaper, Informaciones, said d i e d d u r i n g a recent pro- victed terrorists. arrived at the town h a l l and A r a n a z gathered at Vergara, amnesty demonstration tonight overturned tables i n the offices, today: " I t seems that there is Sefior Oriol's letter was i n where an estimated 7,000 turned into a huge p o l i t i c a l scattering copies of the town already a consensus between the hs o w n handwriting, and urged Basques staged a demonstration r a l l y w i t h 25,000 people shout-;j council's statement w h i c h w a s ' S u á r e z Government and the his f a m i l y to resign themselves of support. democratic opposition about the i n g : " A m n e s t y " and " f r e e - and- pray. It also asked them to later read out at the meeting. One of the mayors telephoned need to set political prisoners dom " . have their pictures published It i s understood that although Senor M a r t i n V i l l a . A c c o r d i n g free as soon as possible. It A b o u t 60,000 workers around in the newspapers so that he the order had gone out to to Basque sources, the minister would not be surprising if the B i l b a o , Spain's most important could see them. prevent Basques from gathering said that the mayors and coun- Cabinet took up the question of port, struck for the second day i n the .village, V the E c h a r r i I n a persona] comment on the cillors w o u l d probably be amnesty at its meeting this to protest against police bruta- A r a n a z councillors were allowed case, the h i g h official said: allowed to meet w i t h i n the next week." l i t y and the youth's death.— to c a l l a meeting of their own. " This is a tremendously strange few days. Reuter. On pressure to legalize the case, an inexplicable one. M y The i l l e g a l though now In M a d r i d , riot police preven- j personal impressioin is that tolerated Basque national flag, ted a ' demonstration for total Grapo i s nothing more than an was displayed inside the town amnesty called by an extreme organization at the service of h a l l . There were shouts of left-wing group and an associa- something, or someone, and. " amnesty " and " E u z k a d i " tion of relatives of political | when that something or some- (the Basque country) and prisoners. one is discovered, many people Basque songs were sung. Some Eyewitnesses said that men i n Basque mayors give cool are going to be surprised. people reached the village by civilian clothes had brandished j w a l k i n g over the steep hills i n pistols at groups of demonstra- " T h o s e who might benefit the early morning while others tors and then ran away when | from an amnesty w o u l d not sup- arrived last night. reception to minister port the k i n d of activities uniformed police arrived. The People outside the town h a l l Carried out by Grapo, because demonstrators believed the men F r o m O u r Correspondent ments, combined with a rede- were kept moving by the police, the effect is to make i t harder were members of the rightist M a d r i d , J a n 14 f i n i t i o n of the responsibilities but microphones enabled them for the Government to grant an group, the W a r r i o r s of Christ | - S e n o r Rodolfo M a r t i n V i l l a , i n certain key posts, are ex- to follow the proceedings. M a n y the K i n g . pected to boost the Govern- amnesty. Whoever i s behind the M i n i s t e r of the Interior, this, seems to be w e l l aware stood on balconies around the Police with batons charged a Was' : ' given the cold" shoulder mentis democratic reform pro- square. group of 200, mostly women, gramme. . ~ • that, the Government was con- from Basque mayors today as sidering a broader amnesty." The mayor read out a lengthy demonstrating for a total am- he toured the north of Spain ;The most; significant TRANSICIÓN was statement saying i t was " i n - nesty outside the women's A conservative politician was i n .what looked l i k e an apology the nomination, at yesterday's t o l e r a b l e " for Basque town prison.JNo arrests were made.— yesterday quoted i n the M a d r i d for his decision to prohibit a Cabinet meeting, of Lieutenant- councils to continue to remain Reuter' and Agence France-. evening newspaper Diario-16 as " s u m m i t m e e t i n g " of the General J o s é V e g a Rodriguez, silent about the situation. T h e i r Presse. mayors.' as A r m y Chief of Staff a n d saying that he had evidence to - H e met the mayors of 240 commander of the A r m y . U n t i l suggest that the kidnapped man was being h e l d at a right-wing towns of the province of now, m i l i t a r y command of the training camp. '. N a v a r r a in. Pamplona, but _ 25 A r m y has been an, attribute of Police guard bus drivers excused themselves as being the A r m y M i n i s t e r . " s i c k " . Of those who d i d show T h e change, m a k i n g - the op, frve "made i t p l a i n that they minister responsible for policy, defying Madrid strike felt that the banning of their and the Chief of Staff respons- meeting was high-handed and ible for command, erects a bar- F r o m Our Correspondent A l o n g with the strike news, unacceptable. , rier between politics and m i l i - M a d r i d , J a n 18 M a d r i d newspapers carried a tary matters. report saying that, according to , Senor Tomas Caballero, the Policemen rode on the few A similar reorganization of official estimates, the cost of mayor of Pamplona, told the suburban buses operating here duties and responsibilities was l i v i n g had risen i n Spain by m i n i s t e r : " Y o u need not have today to protect strike-breaking carried out for the Navy i n nearly 20 per cent last year. bothered to c o m e " . The pro- drivers from possible violence. v i n c i a l authorities entertained G e n e r a l Franco's lifetime. T h e •This compared with an official Senor M a r t i n V i l l a to l u n c h , but same step is expected to be The stoppage, by employees estimate of a rise of over 141 the mayors d i d not attend. taken i n the future for the Air of private bus companies, began per cent i n 1975. this m o r n i n g and is scheduled ; The latest m i l i t a r y appoint- F o r c e . In another development, a ! to last three days. It does delegation of Basque mayors! not affect the municipal bus was expected to meet i n M a d r i d ! services i n the city centre. today w i t h the Deputy P r i m e ! F o r many school children, M i n i s t e r i n charge of security I the lack of private buses and defence, Lieutenant-! meant a day at home and at General M a n u e l G u t i e r r e z ! some factories many workers M e l l a d o , and the Interior! Fundación failed to show up. M i n i s t e r , Senor Rodolfo M a r t i n i V i l l a , to discuss B a s q u e ! The bus drivers are demand- demands for a degree of auto-I i n g a m i n i m u m of £51 a week, nomy and local control over[ four bonus payments of about police forces. £200 each i n the year, 30 days' holiday and retirement at 55. I n an apparent effort to easel M a n y of the bus drivers who tension, the Interior M i n i s t e r ! stayed away from their jobs has issued instructions t o ! today were the same ones who Basque provincial governors to I had accepted extra pay to work allow the use of the white ; a n d | as strikebreakers when drivers green Basque flag i n u n o f f i c i a l ! of M a d r i d ' s m u n i c i p a l buses acts, according to reports pub-j went on strike last year. lished here today.

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Basque lawyer tells of abortive efforts to bring police to court Suspects allege4 bath9 torture sessions ti I V F r o m W i l l i a m Chislett ments, they had been arrested T h e statement of the other beaten while being interro- S a n Sebastian, J a n 19 at their homes i n H e r n a n i , out- m a n reads almost the same gated. She apparently nearly side San Sebastian by several except that during his " b a t h " lost consciousness and f e l l out It is a myth that police tor- plainclothed C i v i l Guards, who his wrists broke. This suspect of the window. She now walks J ! i ture and maltreatment have d i d not show identity cards. was also released without any w i t h crutches. stopped in* the Basque country They were taken by car to a charges being brought against Investigations were carried since the death of G e n e r a l flat where they were interro- h i m . H e did, however, appear j the advice of F r a n c o , Senor J u a n M a r i a o u t a s t y e a r o n gated about arms of w h i c h before magistrates i n S a n magistrates and a photograph Bandres, a Basque lawyer, t o l d they said they knew nothing. Sebastian but no mention was The Times. was produced of the policeman A f t e r repeated denials they made of the treatment he had allegedly responsible for her " P e o p l e have the idea that were t o l d to take off their suffered. ,• , maltreatment. W h e n the police- this went out w i t h the death of i r M t clothes. Immediately after being set man appeared i n court on F r a n c o , but i t continues and " Once undressed", said one free they made contact with December 20 last year, he the problem remains un- of the statements, " t h e y t i e d Senor Bandres and started denied any knowledge of the solved " , he said. H e d i d admit m y hands behind m y back and lengthy proceedings to bring that the publication of reports incident and the magistrates wrapped me i n a blanket and those .responsible to trial. So said that there was no case to and photographs i n the freer strapped me o n to a specially far they had heard nothing, press was beginning to create answer. ---i <'•;•.-•"• prepared table with a bath f u l l S e f i o r B a n d f e s s a i d t h a t t h e a different climate i n the of filthy water. There were six Recently a group c a l l i n g most that had happened i n this police. or seven people, a l l dressed i n itself the A d o l f H i t l e r matter since General Franco's N o t o n l y were the police mufti, who by m o v i n g the Commando G r o u p threatened death was that " n o w ' magis- continuing to maltreat political table made by head dip into to k i l l Senor Bandres. H e has trates at least recognize that suspects but lawyers' attempts^ the water repeatedly. E a c h i m - also had two of his cars set on maltreatment exists but do not to b r i n g policemen to t r i a l mersion lasted about a minute fire. A few weeks ago, the go any further. There is no were still unsuccessful. Senor and a half." police arrested h i m when he shortage of victims of maltreat- Bandres has had many years' A f t e r he had eaten, the sus- arrived at his office. '" The

e theexperience cases ofi n defending Basque nationa m a i n l y pect' t h e y was d i dtaken another from * ab a c t e h l ' l and ses- h a s had af successful t J S L f S action£ r i „ « »" . Pohcetake h i said m to they M a d r had i d as orders he was to lists i n c l u d i n g members of sion w i t h me during w h i c h I O n l y a month ago, Senor wanted i n connexion w i t h ETA, the Basque separatist lost consciousness. A c c o r d i n g Bandres heard t h a t ' i n a similar attending a pro-amnesty meet- organization. to witnesses (one of w h o m was case of his the magistrate had i n g there, P o l i c e repression appeared the other m a n arrested) who r u l e d that there was no case to Senor Bandres said that he to be hardest against people i n heard the conversations and answer. This case concerned a could not have attended the favour of autonomy for the voices of the people submitting g i r l who f e l l from the t h i r d meeting as he was i n San' Basque country, he said. me to this treatment, they floor window of the San Sebas- Sebastian that day. On the way H i s latest attempt to b r i n g thought that I had died from tian pohce headquarters on to M a d r i d the police car alleged police torturers to t r i a l suffocation." September 23, 1975. stopped at Burgos, and a Check concerned two young Basques H e was released the next She was arrested for her ' c a l l "was made."The police were arrested on October 20. day without being brought political activities and, accord- then told to drive h i m back to A c c o r d i n g to their own state- before a magistrate. i n g to her statement, severely bis office. Española

" O U I * - 7 ' I U O l . U l \..-.|»UÍlUVllCl w r i t e s : The Government per- mitted Spanish parents this Separatists flauntthe weekend to name their children as they see fit. A n order published , at the weekend authorizes the inscrip- flag Franco banned V tion of a name " i n any of the Spanish languages" i n official F r o m H a r r y Debelius Such acts presumably include birth records. This means, for H ' ^ * ^ ^ @ ^ H M a d r i d , J a n 19 the bombing of a C i v i l Guard instance, that Catalan parents vehicle near San Sebastian last The red, white and green flag w i l l be allowed to call their mggk. .. êWm Sunday. The vehicle was of the Basque country was fly- son Joan and Galician parents destroyed, but the policemen i n mm- i n g outside town halls through- JoaO instead of Juan. .it escaped serious injury. _ Spain has at least four dis- i out the four Basque provinces 1 * ^ | | | tinct languages and many dia- today, a symbol of Basque The ministry also said it in- lects. the change is important l l i l . ' «< determination to w i n a total tended to proceed gradually to- wards authorizing the use of especially to regional amnesty and the restoration of .¿¡i nationalis groups, who have the Basque language, on an home rule. ; jjlong chafed under the central eoual footing with Spanish i n - - • ' The first flag hoisted by .aGovernment's requirement that : all official dealings i n the a s order of the town council was lohildren should bear names i n fc>.'.-..-'. at Garay, near Bilbao, according Basque provinces. B u t t h e ; i C a s t i l i a n . to the semi-official Spanish repeated Basque demands for home rule could be considered The M i n i s t r y of Information news agency Cifra. The flag and T o u r i s m ordered the con- • went up there at 9.15 p m yester- only after the coming general elections. fiscation of the latest issue of day, but in most other towns it the Baaque weeklv publication was not hung out u n t i l this A committee of Basque Ciz-argui. No Official reason afternoon, coinciding with mayors had meetings in M a d r i d „?-,' jwas given, but it is believed simultaneous town council yesterday with Lieutenant- F- .---jthat the authorities were • meetings throughout the region. General M a n u e l Gutierrez ^^^'annoyed by an • article about The Interior M i n i s t r y .an- M e l l a d o , the Deputy P r i m e g •:- iPqlice actions i n • the Basque nounced today that Basques w i l l M i n i s t e r i n charge of security g ^ . - * q c o u n t r y no longer be persecuted for and defence, and Seiior Rodolfo - ~:à T h e publisher of another using or showing their flag, but M a r t i n V i l l a , the Interior M i n i - ;. p a s q u e magazine, Punta y Eus-

it reminded them that when it ster. A spokesman for the , v -Jkalerria, is i n prison awaitin, mayors' committeeTRANSICIÓN described ' is flown alongside the Spanish a court-martial cour o ñ a charge "of national flag, the red and the talks as "moderately opti I d i s nespect to the military. The yellow Spanish flag should be mistic ". pubiblisher, S e ñ o r i t a M i r e n t x u given the preferential position. F i v e suspected members of P u r r ó y , is accused of having The Interior M i n i s t r y also the separatist organization E T A -•' printed a letter from a reader said the Government was study- (Basque Homeland and L i b e r t y ) alleging excessive police vio- i n g the possibility of a broader have been charged i n San ¡sis ' lence i n breaking up a demon- •'. d amnesty in spite of " recent acts Sebastian with a political stration, :of terrorism." offence. , Til Pamplona, the editors of the Basque periodical Berriak received another threat, by m a i l , in an envelope bearing a San Sebastian postmark, from the Sixth Commando Group of A d o l f H i t l e r . The right-wing extremists said that the mag- I t e « azine " has been sentenced to a n attack on its offices, like ¡the one in San Sebastian ". The ?»ÜÍS»íi< 'San Sebastian offices -of the maiazine were, destroyed by larson last month. In M a d r i d , a public prosecu- lì tor said that he would ask for a sentence of 18 months' imprisonment and a fine of 300,000 pesetas '(£2,607) r n Senor E n r i q u e Baron, a labour awyer, on three charges of Fundación disrespect to t h é authorities. ¡ T h e charges are 4 based on ;-. i r e m a n í s made by Senor Baron Jin an article i n the news mag- lazine Cam/no-16 on the official ^interpretation of the amnesty j| ï o r political offences. • . ooo o o o o o o o c o o o ~ o ~ o ô " ••^»immmi^m- •••••• eoo o ooööoo Q - O M ò ò ò ò M ò M ò W o ^ ^ WEST E U R O P E , Student shot dead in WEST E U R O P E . three-hour battle Head of Spain's high pnion! on streets of Madrid military tribunal strike \ F r o m Harry Debelius There is a strong suspicion '; M a d r i d , Jan 23 among opposition elements that kidnapped in Madrid at righ A student, aged 19, was0. shot the Argentine right-wing terror- ' dead and several people were ist organization A A A may have B F r o m H a r r y Debej F r o m H a r r y Debelius family, regard the latest abduc- M a d r i d , J a n 25 j I injured when pro-amnesty taken part i n some of the B M a d r i d , J a n 24 tion as an attempt to provoke | demonstrators fought police and assaults on demonstrators. On H Stunned by th< P o l i t i c a l extremists today the m i l i t a r y establishment to break of violence j right-wing groups i n the centre a street leading to the plaza |? kidnapped Lieutenant- General take hasty action while K i n g of M a d r i d for three hours where the shooting occurred, a | | | Franco's death, p E m i l i o Villaescusa Quilis, aged Juan Carlos and S e ñ o r A d o l f o p o l i t i c a l leaders i today. voice w i t h a distinctly A r g e n - ! ' S u á r e z , his P r i m e M i n i s t e r , are 64 ; president of Spain's highest realize today that j The shooting took place i n tine accent barked out an order \ m i l i t a r y tribunal, as he was trying to convert the old auto- that the Governmt • the Plaza Santa M a r i a Soledad, to a journalist to refrain from rf*|< leaving his home i n M a d r i d . cratic system into a democracy. a total amnesty ' ; one short block from M a d r i d ' s p i c k i n g up leaflets scattered b y l p 8 p | A group of armed men, To head off any such reaction, demonstrators. The man giving • remote than befor | main street, the G r a n V i a . some of them wearing m i l i t a r y the k i n g has c a l l e d on his top The spate of ] i A c c o r d i n g to a young woman the order seemed to speak with fesjl uniforms, intercepted h i m as generals i n a private message authority, and he kept his right F - -4 by right-wing terrt | who claimed to have seen the he was about to c l i m b into his today to " r e m a i n at' their that the situation I incident, four young men, hand i n his coat pocket. He was i official car at about 9.45 am. posts " and to keep c a l m . about 35 and dressed i n civilian ' ^ even more unstabi | neatly dressed and with short A c c o r d i n g to witnesses they General Villaescusa was ap- activists are turne! hair cuts, approached a group clothes. first b l o c k e d the general's car parently an easy mark for the Today anarchists seemed to F ?"'WS3 streets, as mod •i of shouting demonstrators. One w i t h two other cars parked i n gang of political fanatics; F a m i l y parties are demafl I of the four veiled: " W e have dominate the ranks of the front a n d behind. members say that he w o u l d demonstrators. T h e i r demon B u t there is anoi | come to k i l l v o u sons of Once he was seized, General never have a bodyguard, and t i o n : any'amnesty | whores " and he fired two shots stration. w h i c h had p r e v i o u - l v ' ' I Villaescusa was d r i v e n off i n that he always followed the been banned, was in favour of § n o w oh—unless ii at point blank range at a dark- his o w n car, w h i l e his driver same route to his office at the -—would have to] I haired youth. freedom for a l l political p r i - 1 was b u n d l e d i n t o one of the same time every day. ' ' soners, i n c l u d i n g those held in{ o n l y those who f! This differed slightly from the. other saloons. T h e official car A, much-decoraited hero of F r a n c o and his syi I version broadcast by the. connexion w i t h violent acti-f" was abandoned a few miles v i t i e s . - ™ General Franco's c i v i l w a r the murderers of! I national radio, w h i c h mentioned,, away i n southern M a d r i d , and campaign, w h o served o n lawyers i n extren I only two assailants, one of them I i W i l l i a m Chislett writes from: the driver was found i n it, Hitler's side w i t h the Spanish assaults i n M a d r i j bound and gagged. J elderly. i A m o r e b i e t a near Bilbao : " M a n B l u e D i v i s i o n i n Russia, Gen- three days. j It was the second p o l i t i c a l _ The demonstrators, shocked I does not live by food alone, butl e r a l Villaescusa has held many It w o u l d be veri sj at the sound of gunfire, started i kidnapping i n M a d r i d In a Tit- " o f Spain's highest m i l i t a r y I also by total amnesty " read one] j tie over six weeks. W i t h i n Government to m; • to run, and the v i c t i m , Senor i of the slogans in the church; posts. I n 1973 Franco tion between extrt i A r t u r o R u i z Gareia, also ran a I houns police claimed to have appointed h i m m i l i t a r y com-i I belfry here where 10 Basques' j established the identity of one i n g to political d i few steps before collaosing, I have just ended a hunger strikeBfi mander of the first m i l i t a r y P it should decide ; winiessss told The Times. I of the kidnappers and attribut- district, w h i c h inc'-des M a d - I after five days. _ (ZJ~~ : mounting pressu! ! Helmeted riot police, already ed «he j o b to Grapo (First of r i d . Later that sa: } year he i The slogan was drawn whiraSw | amnesty f ó r e approaching the Plaza in pur- s October Anti-Fascist Resistance became A r m y chief of staff. 4 cally on the back of a picturef,? Españolaprisoned for p o l i | suit of the demonstrators, I Groups), an organization of Soon after Franco's death he 3 of ham, egg and c h i p s ; and i n i f However, m o r ; arrived immediately after the dubious p o l i t i c a l colouration was appointed president of the • the end the men were con- * The first Grapo kidnapping, M i l i t a r y Supreme Court. matters occupied shots rang out, but the gunmen Carlos and S i i had already disappeared i n the m que£Ml by their stomachs. None j; s t i l unsolved, took place on : r h e H e s s , they feel that t h e i r " ' \ December 11 last w h e n the In renewed street fighting | S u á r e z , the Prime confusion. Sj strijjjj§ has drawn attention t o . ' . I president o f the C o u n c i l of today, a young woman was day. B o t h of then 3 In addition to the shooting, v k i l l e d when she was hit i n the ' t h e ' a m n e s t y problem and has j State, the banker S e ñ o r of the day close • other attacks were carried out face by a smoke grenade. She been the cause of at least one i£f i A n t o n i o M a r i a O r i o l , was nation's senior m i I "gainst suspected demonstrators was the second v i c t i m i n two deirfjmstration. i marched out o f his M a d r i d Señor .Suárez confi by bands of men, armed with days of demonstrations here. < H u d d l e d together in sleeping j office b y a gang of young men three armed servi i knives and clubs. Outside a A t least four people were bags' about 200ft up i n the |.; armed w i t h machine-pistols. the Interior M i n i , church only one block from the seriously hurt. One, a student, belfryt^ the 10 took onlv water g Since that time, a number o f m i l i t a r y and c i i ' scene of the shooting, I saw one is critically i l l with a bullet i n ; I for five days. A doctor, the 6 I letter* f r o m S e ñ o r O r i o l have prime ministers. 1 j such gang beat up several pre- his head. 1 parish priest and a few friends .. been delivered, along w i t h ceived 19 high-raj l sumed demonstrators. Meanwhile, police have been 1 were allowed up every day. T h e g notas from his captors, at the Zarzuela I One shouted :" W e should k i l l questioning k n o w n right-wing c ' police did not bother them. demanding the release of 15 outskirts r j you " as he kicked a long haired -' leaders, i n c l u d i n g S e ñ o r Seven of the strikers have accused o r convicted terrorists. ' youth wearing a leather jacket, M a r i a n o Covisas of the extrem- spent up to two years i n prison wmm j The attackers were men i n | A n u m b e r o f opposition ist W a r r i o r s for Christ the K i n g , for illegal association or illegal their thirties, most of them ~ figures, as w e l l as a member of i n connexion w i t h the death ' propaganda, several without • wearing ordinary dark business General Villaescusa Quilis's here yesterday of a 19-year-old • t r i a l , and the other three have I Caution suits. They launched their attack ' student. H e was shot during a imprisoned relatives. ; from the doorway of a church demonstration i n favour of where an annual Mass is said The ikicrrina, the recently I amnesty for a l l those i m - Madrid for the repose of the soul of | legalized Basque national f l a g , ' prisoned for political motives A d o l f H i t l e r . It is frequented was pinned to a damp w a l H even persons convicted of by members of the right-wing | when I visted them the day' violent actions. on prot( extremist organization W a r r i o r s i before their strike ended. Onej I n the Basque city of San 1 of die first questions they asked | for Christ the K i n g . Sebastian another incident re- F r o m Our Correspt i me was how successful was t h e | flected political tension. Dur- ; M a d r i d , J a n 27 Today's demonstration was 1 I R A i n its campaign of violence' not M a d r i d ' s biggest, but it was i n g the farewell ceremony for ] to achieve home rule. The 10, the provincial Governor o f A n A r g e n t i n e j andoubtedly one of the best I who made no secret of their vist was ordered to uganized by the demonstrators, I Guipúzcoa, who had resigned ) svmpathy for, if not member- i n a huff over the Govern- preventive a r r e s t " and one of" the longest and 1 shio of E T A , die Basque sepa- M a d r i d magistrate noisiest. The demonstrators ment's decision to a l l o w the | ratist organization, were eager Basque vestigating police orobably di(l not number more flag to be flown, a ner- i for news about what they see vous policeman fired into a 8 that the man w a than a few thousand. The lar- j as a sister organization. crowd of Basques i n die door- s a p l i c e to homicide gest group to gather at one time ' W e make no difference way of the building, seriously B i n g of a 19-yeaJ totalled about 1,000, and police wounding another policeman. p demonstrator. scattered them by _ making between the politicalTRANSICIÓN and I jviolent struggle", one of them The m a n who d i d the shoot- m The activist, charges with speeding jeeps and I] Cesarsky, leader i by firing rubber bullets. I isaid. " J u s t because some things | ing, according to the M i n i s t r y ' 'j have changed and we are start- 1 Ii organization calle< Demonstrators fled into nar- of Information and T o u r i s m , j ; ing a political struggle, this | " s u f f e r e d an attack of tempor- I Self-Defence, w row streets alongside the | j does not mean that violence w i l l P. B before the magist Granng V i a and dragged dozens ary i n s a n i t y " . It is believed not be used if necessary. T h i s that he was enraged b y the B gency measures of parked cars, across die Lieutenant-General E m i l i o depends on the political con-1 obvious delight of the people p effect to halt a streets to block the wav of ; ¡ dit ons of the moment." •J Villaescusa Q u i l i s , w h o w a s outside the building over the I rorism. H e is clos pursuing police vehicles. Then I k i d n a p p e d y e s t e r d a y . the demonstrators, as if bv pre- • ! Beneath the bravura there [ departure of the Governor. i with far right el< I Spanish Falange. vious arrangement, regrouped' ! i was a rather frightening insight B Í Leaders of th at several successive points. j-1 into the mentality of a h a r d - , I for the most After the demonstration had j j core minority of young Basques, f ] adopted a wait an been going on for more than I, The dividing line between sym-1 over the ban o two hours, with police jeeps '< pathizer and militant became [. tions and oth trapped behind barricades, \ blurred. _ To t a l amnesty was a j announced by th police put men on horseback • J precondition for democracy, »nto^ef«yrtoii^el^"w«iSil^ a 1 1 a g r e e d ; and without F'; last night. A s around the barricades. . * e r g was no chance of peace : the P o p u l a r Socii J i n the Basque country. tomized the vi< others when he t measures are v a l to create .the democratic prog help to create ¡ of calm. B u t it t i n g the questio be enough ? ' " . H e c l a i m e d t h easy for the ( Fundación " neutralize cer and block Govt w h i c h he allegt " channelled it subversion ". a d m i t t e d : " T h e it i n a delicate sit

... $' Unions in Spain call strike in protest Spain bans all demonstrations^ at rightist violence From Harry Debelius Lieutenant-General Fernandez tough drive against terrorism^ Madrid, Jan 25 Vallespin, chief of the joint A From Harry Debelius democracy in accordance with 4 Stunned by the worst out- chiefs of staff, refused to com- put on vans f o t M h e journey to break of violence since General ment when he was questioned Madrid, Jan 26 ;.; , t• the mandate received from the The Spanish Government' people ". " .'• .,-'.•• .. '•: the cemeteries there was com- Franco's death, many Spanish today about reports that the plete silence. Down the broad, political leaders were slow to armed forces have been put on tonight took drastic steps,' The announcement revealed including banning all demon- treelined Calvo Sotelo . Avenue realize today that the possibility a low-level " orange " alert officially for the first time that the cortege moved,; tens of that the Government will grant However, he did say: "The strations, to restore order after the recent terrorist acts— the recent wave of terrorist kil- thousands of people marching a total amnesty is now more enemy is trying to make us lose including the shooting of five abreast many clutching red remote than before. our.grip on our.nerves, but he lings and kidnappings. lawyers by right-wing gunmen carnations aloft in clenched The spate of lethal attacks will not get away with it. The measures were decided ,. on ' Monday night—had fists, r. • ._ : » ; :J .,- , by right-wing terrorists suggests " Steps will have to be taken at a Cabinet meeting presided occurred just as the Govern- Only the scream of police that the situation mi^ht become by the Government, not by the over by Señor Adolfo Suárez, ment " was going .to issue a sirens and the clatter of police even more unstable if left-wing Army. If the military .were to the Prime Minister, and in- very_ wide-ranging pardon for helicopters marred the silent activists are turned loose on the step in with ' measures, that cluded the reapplication of political prisoners ". tribute. Hundreds of funeral streets, as most opposition would be a sign that people Spain's severe terrorism law j Indeed, this political violence wreaths had been sent by indiv- parties are demanding. have lost their grip on their which gives police the authority had coincided With Spain's iduals, and political and labour But there is another complica- nerves.... ., ... . - to search, seize goods and hold whole move towards democracy organizations all ovei the coun- tion : any amnesty decreed from "To take over from the com- prisoners without intervention —•" a process that has inspired try. There was even One whose now on—unless it is backdated petent legal authorities would by the courts. respect and hope in the nations ribbon was stamped in gold —would have to include not be to move on • to the terrain The Government also announ- around us", letters: "From a member of only those who fought against that the authors of .this violence ced that police will seize fire- As the Cabinet was. meeting, the civilized fightü.^i.^K'h-,Í. Franco and his system, but also want "us to move' on to.i It arms in the possession of pri- a crowd of up to 100,000 In the southern part'•' of the murderers of students and' would sink all chances of a vate individuals where it is sus- gathered in Madrid at the Madrid tonight there were re- lawyers in extreme right-wing peaceful way out 'of the coun- pected that such weapons might funeral of the five murdered ports of gangs of young men' assaults in Madrid in the past try's present political situation." be used to interfere with public lawyers. Riot police looked on overturning cabs but.it is sus- three days. The death of another of those order, and the weapons can be impassively as many of the pected, even at Government J It would be very hard for the shot in last night's right-wing seized even if the owner has a mourners gave the clenched- level, that these are the activi- Government to make a distinc- machine gun attack on a Madrid valid permit. ' Other measures fist Marxist salute. ties of right-wing provocateurs, tion between extremists accord- law office increased the total include expulsion of foreigners When the coffins were car- Throughout today, strikes and ing to political colouration, if killed to four. • engaged in political activities, ried out of Madrid's main court partial strikes took place across, it should decide to heed the Meanwhile, the trade unions' and a big increase in the police house, the Palace of Justice, on the country, the numbers Of mounting pressure for total coordinating committee, an budget. the shoulders of fellow lawyers, workers involved running into I amnesty for everyone im- organization grouping the most The statement announcing the clenched fists went up and hundreds of thousands. The prisoned for political motives. powerful of the illegal unions, the clamp-down also reaffirmed the helmeted police did nothing. Basque country, Barcelona and However, more immediate issued a call for a general strike the Government's intention to Except for a brief round of Madrid were particularly matters occupied King Juan for tomorrow as a protest carry on the " establishment of applause when the coffins were Españolaaffected. Carlos and Señor Adolfo against right-wing violence. Suárez, the Prime Minister, to- Police announced the arrest 1 day. Both of them spent much of a number of foreign suspects £ of the day closeted with the in the right-wing attacks, inolud- E nation's senior military leaders. ing one Englishman who has| Señor Suárez conferred with the not been identified. i three armed services ministers, In Madrid's tense atmosphere, | the Interior Minister, and the more shots rang out today, g military and civilian deputy No injuries were reported from a prime ministers. The King re- the shots, which were believed g ceived 19 high-ranking officers to come from right-wing extrem- at the Zarzuela Palace on the ists. outskirts of Madrid. . Leading article, page 15 Caution over Madrid ban , [on protestsV/ From Our Corresponden Madrid, Jan 27 An Argentine politicaljactl- vist was ordered to be held " in preventive arrest" today by a Madrid magistrate who is in- vestigating police allegations that the man was an accom- plice to homicide in the shoot- ing of a 19-year-old student demonstrator. The activist, Señor Jorge TRANSICIÓN ICesarsky, leader of a Peronist organization called Jusncialista i Self-Defence, was brought before the magistrate as emer- gency measures went into effect to halt a wave of ter- rorism. He is closely associated with far right elements of the Spanish Falange. Leaders of the opposition, for the most part, have adopted a wait and see attitude over the ban on demonstra- tions and other measures announced by the Government last night. A spokesman for the Popular Socialist Party epi- tomized the views of many others when he told me : The measures are valid if they help to create the conditions for democratic progress, if they help to create an atmosphere of calm. But it is worth put- ting the question: ' Will this be enough ? "'. He claimed that it would be easy for the Government to "Fundación neutralize certain persons and block Government funds, which he alleged were being " channelled into right-wing subversion". However, he admitted : " The Government is in a delicate situation." WEST E U R O P Threat to 'Escaped' prisoners found hiding in kidttap" « more i attic of Spanish jail F r o m W i l l i a m Chislett T h e r e have been u n c o n f i r m e d reports that several senior iciansy M a d r i d , F e b 1 F i v e prisoners, i n c l u d i n g m i l i t a r y m e n , i n c l u d i n g G e n e r a l Frota'.William C h i s l e t t three p o l i t i c a l ones, who were de Bosch, have criticized the Madrid,- J a n 31 reported to have escaped f r o m Government's h a n d l i n g o f the T h e u n d e r g r o u n d m i l i t a n t B a s u r i prison, near Bilbao, six recent wave of p o l i t i c a l vio- organization, ' G r a p o , threatened weeks ago have been caught i n lence. T h e generals are believed today i n a; p r i n t e d leaflet sent the prison, i t was learnt j n to be m favour of a more hard-. to the v M a d r i d correspondent M a d r i d today. l i n e p o l i c y _ of The Times, a n d some o t h e r ~T . ' , • T h e p o l i c e are c o n t i n u i n g foreign correspondents to k i d T h e prisoners _ were dis- w i d e s w e £ p i n g a r r e s t s ta' c o n . nap more Spanish politicians. covered last mght i n the p n s o n n e x i o n ^ t h e rfolence. I n

attic where they had been h i d - B a r c e l o n a t h e y h a v e a r r e s t e d

T h e leaflet/ assuming that i t m g since December 10, the day 4 6 members of the Iberian

was legitimate, was sent b y the t he i r escape was reported. T h e i r A n a r c h i s t Federation who were i 1 F i r s t of October Anti-fascist m discovery has caused embarrass- h o l d i n g a meeting. T h e p o l i c e

Resistance G r o u p w h i c h has I ment to the p r i s o n authorities s a i d t h h a d a l s o s e i z e d 9 1 b

c l a i m e d responsibility for k i d - l a n d relief to the pobce, who o f explosives, slow fuses and

napping two high-ranking p o l i - searched the Basque country d e t o n a t o r s .

ticians and k i l l i n g three police- for them. v : • i n San Sebastian, the p o l i c e m e n . It said that unless the Two of the p r i s o n e r s , Jose discovered a n arms cache a n d Government released 15 polit- Ignacio A r a m a l l o A g u i r r e and m i l i t a r y uniforms. T h e y arrested

i c a l activists, " w e shall con- Francisco A r a n a Arnzabalaga, f o u r m e n w n o w e r e later re- tinue to ^ capture regime per- were imprisoned for activities .leased by magistrates. T h e right- sonalities, f o r there is no other i n connexion with the Basque ^ r i g A n t i - E T A organization way of m a k i n g them listen* to separatist organisation E T A . ( A T E ) and the W a r r i o r s o f r e a s o n " . - Pedro M a r t i n e z de Ilardiaga is C h r i s t the K i n g are k n o w n ' t o ' G r a p o said that the Govern- said to be a member of the Re- bave been active i n this area, constituted Spanish Communist p u r Italians, said to have' ment h a d launched a campaign 0 of lies against the organization B l Party. T h e other two were sen- connexions with Italian neo- i n order to confuse the p u b l i c . 8|| tenced for c o m m o n offences. fascist organizations, have been It was not true, as had been >M A t the time of their arrested, i t was learnt today. suggested, that Grapo was B j " escape" it was thought that One of them, M a r i o Pozzan, i s "manipulated by the extreme •syS they had c l i m b e d down a rope wanted i n connexion w i t h the r i g h t " or by the secret ser- *M w h i c h was found hanging from 1969 bomb explosion i n a M i l a n vices of the superpowers. B j | the p r i s o n roof. bank which k i l l e d 16 people. There has been speculation af|| P r i s o n authorities were today T h e four are expected to be that the K G B or the C I A S a l t r y i n g to w o r k out how the five expelled from Spain. might be i n v o l v e d , so confus- *P] managed to survive for so l o n g T h e Cabinet discussed l a w a n d i n g is the issue. 0% undetected i n the attic. U n - order problems at a short meet- Española | § j | doubtedly they received food i n g today, The leaflet, delivered i n the " a f r o m other prisoners. Spain reestablished f u l l rela- morning's post, s a id that the s| Newspapers gave prominence tions with P o l a n d yesterday, reforms of the Suarez Govern- today to pictures of K i n g J u a n Relations were reestablished ment were intended to " p r e . Carlos and Lieutenant-General last week w i t h R o m a n i a , B u l - serve .the domination of the M i l a n s de Bosch, head of the garia and Yugoslavia and it i s f i n a n c i a l oligarchy and keep jf| A r m o u r e d D i v i s i o n , s m i l i n g reliably reported that the Soviet intaot a l l the essential appar- altogether. T h i s effectively re- U n i o n is soon to have . an atus of the fascist p o w e r " . The ;.-&futes reports of dissension, ambassador i n M a d r i d . only difference now, said Grapo, was that groups w h i c h 1 ' previously were persecuted were now able to take part i n the change. The letter was posted on Saturday night and the postmark was not legible. Grapo implicitly criticized Senor Santiago C a r r i l l o , the secretary general of the Spanish C o m m u n i s t P a r t y , for going along w i t h the reforms and said that he had even I asked for an audience w i t h K i n g J u a n Carlos. jam -jgr T h e reforms c o u l d do nothing to i m p r o v e the lot of the people and were aimed at "paralyzing the struggle of the masses " .

R e f e r r i n g to the Spanish • • : . ' - . . . . - . . ' . v i extreme right, Grapo said that those people who for many years were the regime's ultras IIP- were n o w putting ' themselves forward as " democrats ", w i t h - • out w h o m democracy c o u l d not be achieved. " T h e y are the extreme right, fascism," the TRANSICIÓN message said, n a m i n g Senor Suarez, the K i n g and Senor Jose M a r i a de A r e i l z a , the I former F o r e i g n M i n i s t e r , E among others. " W i t h d i e a i m of d i s t r a c t i n g § attention, the Government pre. tends that the o n l y extreme rightists are the gangs of gunmen of C h r i s t the K i n g or N e w F o r c e . " T h e W a r r i o r s of Christ the K i n g and IJew F o r c e are two right-wing extremist H groups, some of whose members have been called i n ( for questioning b y the police BB i n the wake of the violence. jj§>! P o k e have arrested more w p t h a n 200 people, most of t h e m Eg:! members of extreme left "organizations l i k e the M a o i s t p i W o r k e r s ' Party, although no official statement has been B f i made. T h e extreme left com- B j j p l a i n e d today that the present H|J situation is being used as an HM excuse to suppress t h e m . g| It was learnt today that BJ N aFundación v a l C a p t a i n C a m i l o M e n e n - m dez V i v e s , who shouted exiti- ng cism of the Government at B Saturday's funeral for the m three shot p o l i c e m e n has been | f placed under housejarrest,^,^

"3v"'' Española

TRANSICIÓN

Fundación