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Journaf of Threatened Taxa Buffdfng evfdence for conservafon gfobaffy www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Onffne) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Prfnt) Short Communfcatfon New records of the subfamffy Stratfomyfnae (Dfptera: Stratfomyfdae) from Pakfstan

Muhammad Asghar Hassan, Imran Bodfah, Zafar Iqbaf & Rubfna Jabeen

26 October 2017 | Vof. 9| No. 10 | Pp. 10831–10834 10.11609/jot. 3562 .9. 10. 10831-10834

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Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 October 2017 | 9(10): 10831-10834

New records of the subfamily (Diptera: ) from

1 2 3 4 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) Muhammad Asghar Hassan , Imran Bodlah , Zafar Iqbal & Rubina Jabeen Communication Short ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) 1,2,3 Department of Entomology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agricultural University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan 4 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan OPEN ACCESS 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected], 4 [email protected]

Abstract: Based on collected specimens from the Narowal, Rawalpindi of different genera. Scutellum is often adorned with and Jhelum districts of (Punjab Province) Pakistan, three species were spines and this may be the reason for the common name recognised in two genera, under the subfamily Stratiomyinae (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). ochropa Thomson, 1869, ‘soldier ’. Their body size varies from 2–20 mm with minuta (Fabricius, 1794) and Oplodontha rubrithorax (Macquart, different colourations, some are wasp mimics, marked 1838) are recorded for the first time from Pakistan. Photographs, diagnostic characters, descriptions, geographical distributions and with different colourations such as black and yellow or identification keys of the described species are provided. green and sometimes metallic (Woodley 2001; Kovac & Rozkošný 2004). Keywords: Diptera, new records, Pakistan, Stratiomyidae, Stratiomyinae. James (1975) provided a detailed list of 79 species of family Stratiomyidae from in the Oriental Catalogue of Diptera. Later, Woodley (2001) published the world catalogue of soldier flies. Wang et al. (2007) described Soldier flies (Stratiomyidae) belong to the suborder a new species of genus Odontomyia from Taiwan. Ting Brachycera, infraorder Stratiomyomorpha and are et al. (2009) worked on the genus Oplodontha with the the sister group of the Xylomyidae (James 1981). description of three new species, and also constructed Stratiomyidae encompasses 2,690 described species, the local key to the known species of the genus from 385 genera and 12 subfamilies, which are distributed China. Kazerani & Khaghaninia (2013) reported the genus worldwide (Pape et al. 2011 ). The adult soldier flies Oplodontha for the first time from Iran. Nerudová et al. usually prefer to live near the larval habitats mostly found (2015) gave the first detailed description of both larvae and in wetlands, damp places, under bark, on excreta puparium of Oplodontha rubrithorax (Macquart, 1838) and decaying organic matter. The larvae of many species from the Oriental Region. Roy et al. (2016) reported nine live in aquatic environments, in dung and decaying organic from the Sunderban Biosphere Reserve of India. Besides matter and under bark; a few are dependent on grasses establishing a checklist of 84 species under 35 genera in (James 1968; Sheppard 1983; Samson 2001; Woodley seven subfamilies of Indian stratiomyid fauna, Wachkoo 2001). This family has important diagnostic characters of et al. (2017) also reported five species belonging to strong anterior veins on their wings and a small discal cell two subfamilies namely and Sarginae from in the anterior half of the wings. The antennae have many Pakistan. So the current study was planned to explore the structural variations and are used for the identification fauna of subfamily Stratiomyinae from Pakistan.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.11609/jott.3562.9.10.10831-10834 | ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:05E8859F-55DA-4BFC-B508-CCF15A04C669

Editor: M. Mike Kerry, Seaford, East Sussex, UK. Date of publication: 26 October 2017 (online & print)

Manuscript details: Ms # 3562 | Received 11 June 2017 | Final received 05 October 2017 | Finally accepted 10 October 2017

Citation: Hassan, M.A., I. Bodlah, Z. Iqbal & R. Jabeen (2017). New records of the subfamily Stratiomyinae (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) from Pakistan. Journal of Threatened Taxa 9(10): 10831–10834; http://doi.org/10.11609/jott.3562.9.10.10831-10834

Copyright: © Hassan et al. 2017. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this article in any medium, reproduction and distribution by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publication.

Funding: None.

Competing interests:The authors declare no competing interests.

10831 New records of Stratiomyinae from Pakistan Hassan et al.

Materials and Methods Genus Odontomyia Meigen, 1803 The studied specimens were collected during the Diagnostic Characters: Male eyes holoptic while female months of May, June and July (2016–17) from different dichoptic, eyes bare; antennae with six flagellomeres, localities of the Narowal, Rawalpindi and Jhelum districts ratio of scape to pedicel usually not more than 1.5:1, of (Punjab Province) Pakistan. The adult specimens were last two flagellomeres forming a short but distinct stylus; collected using a sweep net from grasses, a maize field, scutellum with a pair of distinct spines; wings with cross- wild flowers and flowers of Parthenium hysterophorus. vein m-cu present; branches of M often weakened (Dutta The collected specimens were killed by placing them in et al. 1997; Wang et al. 2007; Roy et al. 2016). a killing jar having Potassium cyanide for 20–30 minutes. Later, the pinned specimens were identified under an Odontomyia ochropa Thomson, 1869 Olympus SZX7, Model SZ2-ILST light stereoscope and Image 1 A–C photographs were prepared under a Nikon SMZ 1500 Material Examined: Registration number: 100. Punjab Binocular stereoscope, with a Nikon Digital Sight DS-Fi1 (Pakistan), Shakargarh, 282m, 13 males, 13.vii.2016, leg. camera attached. The following literature were used: M.A. Hassan. Brunetti (1920), Dutta et al. (1997), Wang et al. (2007), Distribution: India, Pakistan (new record), Philippines, Tkoč & Rozkošný 2014 and Roy et al. (2016) for the Singapore, Thailand, USA (Wachkoo et al. 2017). identification of the species. The identified specimens Description: Male: Head blackish (Image 1A); eyes were deposited at the National Museum, bare, contiguous in male, upper facets large; vertical Islamabad, Pakistan. triangle black, ocelli brownish, frontal triangle and face orange, face with distinct bare tubercle, face below with Results and Discussion greyish hairs; proboscis black, papillae yellow; antennae During the current study three species—Odontomyia orange, flagellomeres slightly brownish, four annulations ochropa Thomson, 1869, Oplodontha minuta (Fabricius, with narrow long pointed style; thorax black, scutum with 1794), and Oplodontha rubrithorax (Macquart, 1838)— short close golden yellow pubescence, which, except were recorded for the first time from Pakistan. Wachkoo along the lateral sides, having longer hairs, scutum with et al. (2017) reported five species belonging to two distinct transverse suture separated from the centre, post- subfamilies namely Clitellariinae and Sarginae, viz., pronotum and postalar callus yellow, scutellum yellow Adoxomyia heminopla (Wiedemann, 1819), Microchrysa with basal blackish spot in the centre, apical spines yellow flaviventris (Wiedemann, 1824), Ptecticus melanurus slightly pointed at tip, fringe of yellow hairs along the hind (Walker, 1848), Sargus gemmifer Walker, 1849, and Sargus margin of scutellum; pleuron mostly yellow with yellow mactans Walker, 1859 from Pakistan without mentioning hairs, sternopleuron on lower side black, area between the exact locality in Pakistan. fore and mid legs broadly black with distinct longitudinal suture, yellowish pubescence; legs orange, tip of tarsi Subfamily Stratiomyinae slightly brownish; halteres yellow, basally black, discal cell Diagnostic Characters: Abdomen with five visible of normal size, wings clear, basal veins yellow (Image 1C); abdominal tergites; scutellum with two straight and abdomen pale yellow, first tergite with elongated black moderately long or short spines; cell dm present; four spot in the middle, second, third and fourth each with a veins arising from cell dm; antennal flagellum comprising large black spot in the middle reaching from anterior to six flagellomeres, branches of M often weakened; hind margins, broader in front, fifth tergite more or less antennae with dorsal stylate or aristate (James 1981; similar spot but not reaching to the margin, ventrally Brunetti 1920). yellowish or brownish-yellow (Image 1B).

Key to the genera of subfamily Stratiomyinae Genus Oplodontha Róndani, 1863 1. First antennal segment (scape) twice as long Diagnostic Characters: Discal cell very small, cross vein

as the second segment (pedicel); discal cell very r-m absent, vein Cu1 at most touching the discal cell or

small; eyes bare or with short hairs ...... separated from it by a cross-vein, R1 and R2+3, fused; eyes ...... Oplodontha Róndani either bare or with short hairs; scape at most twice as long - Ratio of scape to pedicel usually not more as the pedicel, rarely slightly longer, flagellum consisting than 1.5: 1; discal cell of normal size, not small as of 5-6 flagellomeres; posterior margin of scutellum with above; eyes bare ...... ……… Odontomyia Meigen a pair of spines (Dutta et al. 1997; Ting-Ting et al. 2009; Kazerani & Khaghaninia 2013; Tkoč & Rozkošný 2014; Roy

10832 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 October 2017 | 9(10): 10831–10834 New records of Strafomyfnae from Pakfstan Hassan et af.

A B C

Image 1. Odontomyfa ochropa Thomson, 1869, mafe: A - head; B - abdomfnaf vfew; C - wfng. © Muhammad Asghar Hassan et af. 2016). are yeffow, sub-scuteffum dfsfnct, bfack; pfeuron bfack, whoffy covered wfth yeffowfsh pubescence, yeffowfsh Opfodontha mfnuta (Fabrfcfus, 1794) cofourafon above fore coxa and apfco-fateraffy, a yeffow Image 2 A–C spot on the posterfo-apfcaf sfde of sternopfeuron (Image Materfaf Examfned: Regfstrafon number: 101. Punjab 2B); wfngs transparent brownfsh, dfscaf ceff smaff, dfscaf (Pakfstan): Shakargarh, 282m, 1 mafe, 12.vff.2016, 1 mafe, ceff vefnfets afmost fnvfsfbfe, hafteres yeffowfsh; fegs 14.vff.2016, feg. M.A. Hassan. mostfy yeffow, coxa bfack, trochanter yeffowfsh, femora Dfstrfbufon: Afghanfstan, Egypt, Indfa, Israef, Pakfstan wfth broad bfack medfan spots, femur fn hfnd fegs mostfy (new record), Srf Lanka, Thaffand, Unfted Arab Emfrates, bfack or wfth refafvefy farge bfack spots, fbfa and tarsus Yemen (Tkoč & Rozkošný 2014; Wachkoo et af. 2017). of fore and mfd fegs yeffowfsh, hfnd fbfa basaffy yeffowfsh Descrfpfon: Mafe: Head: Head bfack (Image 2A); remafnfng bfack, tarsus yeffowfsh, fegs covered wfth smaff eyes covered wfth short hafrs; frons v shape, bfack fn yeffowfsh pubescence; abdomen yeffowfsh, but dorsum cofour; ocefff brownfsh, sffghtfy produced; antennae wfth farge rounded or somewhat dfamond shaped bfack yeffowfsh-orange except apfcaf three segments bfackfsh, spot spread over mfddfe of tergfte 2, 3, 4 and 5. Bfack scape fonger than pedfcef; face yeffowfsh wfth dfsfnct spot on tergfte 2 mostfy reached at the posterfor margfn, centraf knob covered wfth short yeffow hafrs; proboscfs tergfte 3 anterfo-fateraffy wfth a smaff bfack spot, medfan fong, bfack; post-pronotum yeffowfsh, scutum bfack wfth heart shaped bfack spot not reached at margfn, wfth yeffowfsh pubescence, comparafvefy denser on tergfte 4 wfth broad medfan bfack spots ffke an fnverted sfdes, a few or absent fn centre, scuteffum more than trfangfe sffghtfy strafght at posterfor sfde, anterfo-fateraf basaf haff bfackfsh, apfcaffy yeffowfsh, covered wfth wfth a farge bfack spot, tergfte 5 wfth anterfor haff bfack, yeffowfsh pubescence, the apfcaf spfnes on scuteffum abdomen wfth short yeffowfsh pubescence sffghtfy fonger

A B C

Image 2. Opfodontha mfnuta (Fabrfcfus, 1794), mafe: A - head; B - fateraf vfew; C - dorsaf vfew. © Muhammad Asghar Hassan

Journaf of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 October 2017 | 9(10): 10831–10834 10833 New records of Strafomyfnae from Pakfstan Hassan et af.

A B C

Image 3. Opfodontha rubrfthorax (Macquart, 1838), femafe: A - head; B - fateraf vfew; C - dorsaf vfew. © Muhammad Asghar Hassan

afong the sfdes, ventraffy yeffowfsh (Image 2C). References

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Threatened Taxa 10834 Journaf of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 October 2017 | 9(10): 10831–10834

OPEN ACCESS The Journal of Threatened Taxa is dedicated to building evidence for conservation globally by publishing peer-reviewed articles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate atwww.threatenedtaxa.org . All articles published in JoTT are registered under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License unless otherwise mentioned. JoTT allows unrestricted use of articles in any medium, reproduction, and distribution by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publication. ISSN 0974-7907 (Online); ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) October 2017 | Vol. 9 | No. 10 | Pages: 10741–10864 Date of Publication: 26 October 2017 (Online & Print) DOI: 10.11609/jott.2017.9.10.10741-10864 www.threatenedtaxa.org

Articles New records of the subfamily Stratiomyinae (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) from Pakistan The relationship between artificial food supply and natural -- Muhammad Asghar Hassan, Imran Bodlah, Zafar Iqbal & food selection in two troops of commensal Hamadryas Rubina Jabeen, Pp. 10831–10834 Baboons Papio hamadryas (Mammalia: Primates: Cercopithecidae) in Saudi Arabia A new distribution report of the Critically Endangered -- Ahmed Boug, M. Zafar-ul Islam, Toshitaka Iwamoto, Amomum kingii Baker (Zingiberaceae) outside Sikkim, India Akio Mori, Akihiro Yamane & Amy L. Schreier, Pp. 10741– -- Sreetama Bhadra & Maumita Bandyopadhyay, Pp. 10835– 10756 10838

Pollination ecology ofRhynchosia cana (Willd.) DC. A note on the population status and threats on two endemic (Fabaceae), an erect sub-shrub, in peninsular India and Endangered species of Garcinia of Agasthyamalai -- A.J. Solomon Raju & K. Venkata Ramana, Pp. 10757–10770 Biosphere Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India -- G. Manikandan & R. Ramasubbu, Pp. 10839–10845

Communications Feasibility study on the vegetative propagation of four endemic rare balsams (Impatiens spp.) through stem Feeding habits and behaviour of Bagre bagre and Genidens cuttings for conservation and management in Idukki District, barbus, two ariid catfishes (Pisces: Siluriformes) from Kerala, India southeastern Brazil -- G. Prasad, P. Rajan & N. Bhavadas, Pp. 10846–10849 -- Maria Thereza Manhães Tavares & Ana Paula Madeira Di Beneditto, Pp. 10771–10775 Notes The Odonata (Insecta) of northern and central Oman -- Elaine M. Cowan & Peter J. Cowan, Pp. 10776–10791 Observation of Shaheen Falcon Falco peregrinus peregrinator (Aves: Falconiformes: Falconidae) in the Illustrated description and notes on biology of Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India Dicranocephalus lateralis (Signoret) (Coreoidea: -- Arockianathan Samson, Balasundaram Ramakrishnan, Stenocephalidae) from Maharashtra State, India Palanisamy Santhoshkumar & Sivaraj Karthick, Pp. 10850– -- Balasaheb V. Sarode, Nikhil U. Joshi, Swapnil S. Boyane, 10852 Subodh S. Gaikwad, Pratik P. Pansare & Hemant V. Ghate, Pp. 10792–10803 A first report of Redigobius oyensi (de Beaufort, 1913) (Teleostei: Gobionellinae) from Car Nicobar Island, India Floristic diversity of the Indian Cardamom Research Institute -- J. Praveenraj, R. Kiruba-Sankar, Lohith Kumar, campus, Myladumpara, Western Ghats, India J. Raymond Jani Angel & S. Dam Roy, Pp. 10853–10855 -- Anoop P. Balan & S. Harikrishnan, Pp. 10804–10822 New butterfly records from the Jammu Shiwaliks, Jammu & , India Short Communications -- Shakha Sharma & Neeraj Sharma, Pp. 10856–10859

Mammals of Papikonda Hills, northern Eastern Ghats, India Range extension of the Indian Tortoiseshell -- Vikram Aditya & Thyagarajan Ganesh, Pp. 10823–10830 caschmirensis aesis (Fruhstorfer, 1912) (: ) into the hills of Manipur, India -- Jatishwor Singh Irungbam, Harmenn Huidrom & Baleshwor Singh Soibam, Pp. 10860–10864

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