Butterfly Diversity in Human-Modified Ecosystems of Southern Sikkim, the Eastern Himalaya, India

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Butterfly Diversity in Human-Modified Ecosystems of Southern Sikkim, the Eastern Himalaya, India OPEN ACCESS The Journal of Threatened Taxa is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows unrestricted use of artcles in any medium, reproducton, and distributon by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Article Butterfly diversity in human-modified ecosystems of southern Sikkim, the eastern Himalaya, India Prem Kumar Chetri, Kishor Sharma, Sailendra Dewan & Bhoj Kumar Acharya 26 April 2018 | Vol. 10 | No. 5 | Pages: 11551-11565 10.11609/jot.3641.10.5.11551-11565 For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies and Guidelines visit htp://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines visit htp://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct visit htp://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints contact <[email protected]> Publisher & Host Partners Member Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 April 2018 | 10(5): 11551–11565 Article Butterfly diversity in human-modified ecosystems of southern Sikkim, the eastern Himalaya, India Prem Kumar Chetri 1, Kishor Sharma 2, Sailendra Dewan 3 & Bhoj Kumar Acharya 4 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) 1,2,3,4 Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim University, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim 737102, India 1 Present address: Forest, Environment and Wildlife Management Department, Government of Sikkim, Deorali, OPEN ACCESS Sikkim 737102, India 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected], 4 [email protected] (corresponding author) Abstract: Understanding wild biodiversity of agroecosystems and other human dominated landscapes are crucial for the management and conservaton of biological resources. Here, we studied the diversity, abundance, similarity and functonality of buterfies in diferent human modifed ecosystems in southern Sikkim, the Eastern Himalaya. The study was conducted from January 2015 to May 2015 by covering three habitat types namely, farm-based agroforestry, large cardamom-based agroforestry and adjacent natural forest ecosystem. We followed point count method along the transect to collect data on buterfies in the study area. A total of 911 individual buterfies representng six families and 44 species were recorded during the present study in southern Sikkim. Species richness and abundances of buterfies were signifcantly diferent among the systems. While diversity and abundance were higher in forest patches, each system harbored unique species assemblages with low similarity between habitats. The informaton on larval host plants were available for 41 buterfy species which depended on 128 plant species belonging to 27 families. The buterfy community was dominated by oligophagous II (19 species) followed by polyphagous (11 species), monophagous (8 species) and oligophagous I (3 species). Similarly, generalist feeders had higher species and abundance compared to specialist feeders. Specialist species were confned to forest habitat, whereas generalist species were mostly restricted to cultvated systems. The fndings of the study highlighted the need for conservaton of traditonally managed agroecosystems in order to conserve buterfies and other associated biodiversity. Keywords: Agroecosystems, buterfy, conservaton, eastern Himalaya; host plants. DOI: htp://doi.org/10.11609/jot.3641.10.5.11551-11565 | ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3C98090F-8CB7-40D4-9592-A37C23BA1E37 Editor: Sanjay Sondhi, Titli Trust, Dehradun, India. Date of publicaton: 26 April 2018 (online & print) Manuscript details: Ms # 3641 | Received 08 July 2017 | Final received 23 March 2018 | Finally accepted 04 April 2018 Citaton: Chetri, P.K., K. Sharma, S. Dewan & B.K. Acharya (2018). Buterfy diversity in human-modifed ecosystems of southern Sikkim, the eastern Himalaya, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 10(5): 11551–11565; htp://doi.org/10.11609/jot.3641.10.5.11551-11565 Copyright: © Chetri et al. 2018. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this artcle in any medium, reproducton and distributon by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publicaton. Funding: This manuscript is an outcome of the M.Sc. dissertaton of the frst author. Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests. Author Details: Prem Kumar Chettri holds MSc (Zoology) from Sikkim University and currently works at the Forest, Environment and Wildlife Management Department, Government of Sikkim. He has a keen interest on biodiversity of Sikkim Himalaya with special focus on buterfies and plants. Kishor Sharma is a PhD scholar at the Department of Zoology, Sikkim University. His research interests are to understand the diversity and distributon paterns of birds and buterfies in the agroecosystem-forest gradient of Sikkim Himalaya. Sailendra Dewan is a PhD scholar at the Department of Zoology, Sikkim University. His research focuses on distributon patern and phylogeny of buterfies along elevaton gradients in the Sikkim Himalaya. Bhoj Kumar Acharya is a faculty in the Department of Zoology, Sikkim University, Gangtok. His research interests are to understand the large-scale ecological paterns with partcular emphasis on species richness, abundance and distributon paterns along ecological gradients in the Himalaya. Author Contributon: Study designed by BKA, PKC, KS; data collected by PKC, KS; analyzed the data by KS, PKC, SD, BKA and PKC, KS, SD, BKA wrote the manuscript. Acknowledgements: We thank Vice Chancellor, Sikkim University, Dean, School of Life Sciences and Head, Department of Zoology, Sikkim University for facilites to undertake this research, and faculty members of Zoology Department, Sikkim University for cooperaton and insightul discussion. We also thank PCCF cum Secretary, Chief Wildlife Warden and Principal Research Ofcer, Forests, Environment and Wildlife Management Department, Government of Sikkim for grantng permission to carry out the study. Support received from local communites of Ralong Village is highly appreciated. 11551 Buterfy diversity in human modifed ecosystems of southern Sikkim Chetri et al. INTRODUCTION forests sites. In Cameroon, however, Bobo et al. (2006) reported a signifcant decline of buterfy richness and Increased rates of deforestaton and forest abundance from secondary forests and agroforestry degradaton over the past century have resulted in sites towards near primary forests and annual crop sites signifcant biological atriton globally (Barlow et al. and high species turn over along the gradient of land 2007; Primack 2014). Due to ever-increasing human conversion but with loss of range-restricted and forest populaton and subsequent conversion of primary species. The studies in tropical regions have reported forests for agricultural expansion, many species have decline in buterfy species richness with increasing lost their potental habitat leading to local extrpaton. management intensity (Mas & Dietsch 2003; Francesconi For example, a large percentage of red-listed species has et al. 2013). Schulze et al. (2010) highlighted the been threatened by agricultural intensifcaton (Norris importance of human-modifed habitats for conservaton 2008). The increasing pressures on the environment by of overall biodiversity across all major tropical regions. humans necessitate preservaton of natural areas crucial Along a gradient from open to forest habitats, species’ for the persistence of biological diversity. habitat preferences signifcantly relates to populaton There is a growing concern that, loss of biodiversity trends; drastc decline of open-habitat species and will result in declining ecosystem services (Kunte 2000; moderate increase of forest species (Herrando et al. Kremen et al. 2002; Hooper et al. 2005; Tscharntke et al. 2016). Endemicity and larval host plant specifcity have 2005). In agroecosystems, natural biodiversity provides been reported as signifcant predictors of vulnerability to a variety of ecosystem services such as pollinaton, habitat disturbance for buterfies (Posa & Sodhi 2006). recycling of nutrients, regulaton of microclimate and Studies on buterfy communites in India have local hydrological processes, suppression of pests and focused mostly on protected areas or forest ecosystems detoxifcaton of noxious chemicals, securing crop (Uniyal & Mathur 1998; Uniyal 2004, 2007; Barua 2007; protecton and soil fertlity, etc. (Alteri 1999; Lal 2004; Barua et al. 2010; Singh 2010, 2017; Sengupta & Ghorai Montagnini & Nair 2004). Most species, which primarily 2013; Sethy et al. 2014; Acharya & Vijayan 2015; Chetri inhabit forests, also interact with agroecosystems and 2015; Sondhi & Kunte 2016). A few ecological studies have a large proporton of the total species of the region are reported the buterfy communites in agroecosystems likely to be encountered in agroecosystems (Pimentel et in India, mostly from the Western Ghats region (Kunte al. 1992). The management of these agricultural systems 1997; Kunte et al. 1999; Shahabuddin & Ali 2001; Dolia can dramatcally afect overall
Recommended publications
  • Spatial Distribution and Historical Dynamics of Threatened Conifers of the Dalat Plateau, Vietnam
    SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND HISTORICAL DYNAMICS OF THREATENED CONIFERS OF THE DALAT PLATEAU, VIETNAM A thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School At the University of Missouri In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts By TRANG THI THU TRAN Dr. C. Mark Cowell, Thesis Supervisor MAY 2011 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the thesis entitled SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND HISTORICAL DYNAMICS OF THREATENED CONIFERS OF THE DALAT PLATEAU, VIETNAM Presented by Trang Thi Thu Tran A candidate for the degree of Master of Arts of Geography And hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Professor C. Mark Cowell Professor Cuizhen (Susan) Wang Professor Mark Morgan ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research project would not have been possible without the support of many people. The author wishes to express gratitude to her supervisor, Prof. Dr. Mark Cowell who was abundantly helpful and offered invaluable assistance, support, and guidance. My heartfelt thanks also go to the members of supervisory committees, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cuizhen (Susan) Wang and Prof. Mark Morgan without their knowledge and assistance this study would not have been successful. I also wish to thank the staff of the Vietnam Initiatives Group, particularly to Prof. Joseph Hobbs, Prof. Jerry Nelson, and Sang S. Kim for their encouragement and support through the duration of my studies. I also extend thanks to the Conservation Leadership Programme (aka BP Conservation Programme) and Rufford Small Grands for their financial support for the field work. Deepest gratitude is also due to Sub-Institute of Ecology Resources and Environmental Studies (SIERES) of the Institute of Tropical Biology (ITB) Vietnam, particularly to Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Field Report on the Preliminary Feasibility Study
    Field report on the Preliminary Feasibility Study On Walking Trees along Lifezone Ecotones in Barun Valley, Nepal (A pilot project to develop key indicators for monitoring Biomeridians - Climate Response through Information & Local Engagement) Report Prepared By: The East Foundation (TEF), Sankhuwasabha, Nepal and Future Generations University, Franklin, WV, USA Submitted to Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Babar Mahal, Kathmandu June 2018 1 Table of Contents Contents Page No. 1. Background ........................................................................................................................................... 4 2. Rationale ............................................................................................................................................... 5 3. Study Methodology ............................................................................................................................... 6 3.1 Contextual Framework ...................................................................................................................... 7 3.2 Study Area Description ..................................................................................................................... 9 3.3 Experimental Design and Data Collection Methodology ............................................................... 12 4. Study Findings .................................................................................................................................... 13 4.1 Geographic Summary
    [Show full text]
  • Medicinal Plant Research
    Journal of Medicinal Plant Research Volume 8 Number 2, 10 January, 2014 ISSN 2009-9723 ABOUT JMPR The Journal of Medicinal Plant Research is published weekly (one volume per year) by Academic Journals. The Journal of Medicinal Plants Research (JMPR) is an open access journal that provides rapid publication (weekly) of articles in all areas of Medicinal Plants research, Ethnopharmacology, Fitoterapia, Phytomedicine etc. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published shortly after acceptance. All articles published in JMPR are peerreviewed. Electronic submission of manuscripts is strongly encouraged, provided that the text, tables, and figures are included in a single Microsoft Word file (preferably in Arial font). Submission of Manuscript Submit manuscripts as e-mail attachment to the Editorial Office at: [email protected]. A manuscript number will be mailed to the corresponding author shortly after submission. The Journal of Medicinal Plant Research will only accept manuscripts submitted as e-mail attachments. Please read the Instructions for Authors before submitting your manuscript. The manuscript files should be given the last name of the first author. Editors Prof. Akah Peter Achunike Prof. Parveen Bansal Editor-in-chief Department of Biochemistry Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and University of Nigeria, Nsukka Research Nigeria Chandigarh India. Associate Editors Dr. Ravichandran Veerasamy AIMST University Dr. Ugur Cakilcioglu Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling - Elazıg Directorate of National Education 08100, Turkey. Kedah, Malaysia. Dr. Jianxin Chen Dr. Sayeed Ahmad Information Center, Herbal Medicine Laboratory, Department of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Beijing, China Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard 100029, University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, China.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Threatened Taxa
    PLATINUM The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles OPEN ACCESS online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Communication A second report on butterflies (Lepidoptera) from Ladakh Union Territory and Lahaul, Himachal Pradesh, India Sanjay Sondhi, Balakrishnan Valappil & Vidya Venkatesh 26 May 2020 | Vol. 12 | No. 8 | Pages: 15817–15827 DOI: 10.11609/jot.5606.12.8.15817-15827 For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies, and Guidelines visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints, contact <[email protected]> The opinions expressed by the authors do not refect the views of the Journal of Threatened Taxa, Wildlife Informaton Liaison Development Society, Zoo Outreach Organizaton, or any of the partners. The journal, the publisher,
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing Restoration Potential of Fragmented and Degraded Fagaceae Forests in Meghalaya, North-East India
    Article Assessing Restoration Potential of Fragmented and Degraded Fagaceae Forests in Meghalaya, North-East India Prem Prakash Singh 1,2,* , Tamalika Chakraborty 3, Anna Dermann 4 , Florian Dermann 4, Dibyendu Adhikari 1, Purna B. Gurung 1, Saroj Kanta Barik 1,2, Jürgen Bauhus 4 , Fabian Ewald Fassnacht 5, Daniel C. Dey 6, Christine Rösch 7 and Somidh Saha 4,7,* 1 Department of Botany, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India; [email protected] (D.A.); [email protected] (P.B.G.); [email protected] (S.K.B.) 2 CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India 3 Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Thünen Institute, Alfred-Möller-Str. 1, House number 41/42, D-16225 Eberswalde, Germany; [email protected] 4 Chair of Silviculture, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, D-79085 Freiburg, Germany; anna-fl[email protected] (A.D.); fl[email protected] (F.D.); [email protected] (J.B.) 5 Institute for Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr. 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; [email protected] 6 Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 202 Natural Resources Building, Columbia, MO 65211-7260, USA; [email protected] 7 Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlstr. 11, D-76133 Karlsruhe, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: prem12fl[email protected] (P.P.S.); [email protected] (S.S.) Received: 5 August 2020; Accepted: 16 September 2020; Published: 19 September 2020 Abstract: The montane subtropical broad-leaved humid forests of Meghalaya (Northeast India) are highly diverse and situated at the transition zone between the Eastern Himalayas and Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspots.
    [Show full text]
  • International Journal of Research Volume VIII, Issue VI, JUNE/2019
    International Journal of Research ISSN NO:2236-6124 A Study on the Congregation of Adult Butterflies on Non-floral Resources at Different Locations in Jalpaiguri district of West Bengal, India Panchali Sengupta1*, Narayan Ghorai2 1Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Berunanpukaria, Malikapur, Barasat, District-24 Parganas (North), Kolkata-700126.West Bengal, India Email id: [email protected] 2Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Berunanpukaria, Malikapur, Barasat, District-24 Parganas (North), Kolkata-700126.West Bengal, India email id: [email protected] Abstract Several instances of puddling, as reported among different herbivore arthropods, appears quite interesting. Significantly, congregation of adult butterflies at several non-floral resources (wet soil/mud, animal dung, bird droppings, carrion, rotten/fermenting fruits) were examined at different locations in Jalpaiguri district adjacent to the tea estates, villages and agricultural tracts. Different species of papilionids and pierids congregate on wet soil patch and puddle collectively. However other species of nymphalid, lycaenid and hesperid are found to puddle individually, without associating with others on resources like excrements and carrion. Irrespective of any species newly emerged males, and aged females are found to puddle. Interestingly, each species belonging to a particular family have a specific range of puddling duration. Such specificity in puddling among species of a family could probably be associated with their need for a common nutrient. Keywords:, congregation, hesperid, lycaenid, nymphalid, papilionid, pierid *corresponding author Volume VIII, Issue VI, JUNE/2019 Page No:5877 International Journal of Research ISSN NO:2236-6124 Introduction Puddling is a widely recognised fascinating event in the life history of any herbivore arthropods except beetles targeted towards accumulation of specific micronutrient (Mollemann, 2010).
    [Show full text]
  • SYSTEMATICS of VAGRANTINI BUTTERFLIES (LEPIDOPTERA: Nymphalidae)
    Treubia 2003 33 (1) 71-87 SYSTEMATICS OF VAGRANTINI BUTTERFLIES (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHAlIDAE). PART 1. CLADISTIC ANALYSIS Djunijanti Peggie . Division of Zoology, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences JI. Raya Jakarta Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia Abstract Eiglit ge/lera of lndo-Australian butterjiies: Algia. Algiachroa, Cirrochroa, Cupha, Phalanta, Terinos, Vagrans, and Vindula are presented here. These genera together with two Afrotropical genera: Lachnoptera and Smerina, and a Central American genlls Euptoieta were previollsly placed as subiribe uncertain. One-hundred adult morphological characters were scored for fifty-four taxa, and were analyzed simultaneousuj (Nixon and Carpenter, 1993). The cladistic analysis showed that all species were properly assigned to monophyletic genera, and the arrangement of the outgroup taxa is in concordance with the classification previously suggested. The eight lndo-Australian and two Afrotropical genera belong to the tribe Vagrantini within the subfamily Heliconiinae. Key words: Heliconiines, Vagrantini, Indo-Australian, butterflies. Introduction The subfamily Heliconiinae is recognized by most authorities but the included taxa may differ. Ackery (in Vane-Wright and Ackery, 1984) suggested that the heliconiines may prove to represent a highly specialized subgroup of the Argynnini sensu lato. Heliconiinae sensu Harvey (in Nijhout, 1991) also include Acraeinae and Argynninae of Ackery (1988).Parsons (1999)included argynnines within Heliconiinae but retained Acraeinae as a distinct subfamily. Harvey (in N ijhou t, 1991) recognized three tribes of Heliconiinae: Pardopsini, Acraeini, and Heliconiini. The Heliconiini include the Neotropical Heliconiina (Brower, 2000), some genera which were placed as "subtribe uncertain", Argynnina, Boloriina and three other genera (the Neotropical genusYramea, the Oriental Kuekenthaliella, and Prokuekenthaliella) with uncertain relationships.
    [Show full text]
  • New Distribution Record of Indian Tortoiseshell Aglais Caschmirensis Aesis (Fruhstorfer, 1912) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from the State of Assam, India
    www.biotaxa.org/rce. ISSN 0718-8994 (online) Revista Chilena de Entomología (2021) 47 (2): 253-258. Scientific Note New distribution record of Indian Tortoiseshell Aglais caschmirensis aesis (Fruhstorfer, 1912) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from the state of Assam, India Nuevo registro de distribución de Aglais caschmirensis aesis (Fruhstorfer, 1912) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) del estado de Assam, India Debaprasad Sengupta1 ,2 , Subhasish Arandhara2 and Puja Deb2 1Bansbari Pathar, Dibrugarh- 786001, Assam, India. 2Department of Zoology & Wildlife Biology, A.V.C. College (Autonomous), Mannampandal- 609305, Mayiladuthurai, Tamil Nadu, India. debaprasad. [email protected] ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5FBE5E7E-71A8-4309-B21C-1E9B4E811D35 https://doi.org/10.35249/rche.47.2.21.12 Abstract. Opportunistic sightings of Aglais caschmirensis aesis were recorded for the first time (on two different occasions) from Dibrugarh city in the state of Assam with new elevation records (109 and 113 m) from the north-eastern region of India. Key words: Butterfly; Dibrugarh; Jokai Reserve Forest; Northeast India; Tea Estate. Resumen. Los avistamientos de Aglais caschmirensis aesis se realizaron por primera vez (en dos ocasiones diferentes) en la ciudad de Dibrugarh en el estado de Assam con nuevos registros de elevación (109 y 113 m) en la región noreste de la India. Palabras clave: Mariposa; Dibrugarh; Reserva Forestal de Jokai; Tea Estate; noreste de India. North-eastern region of India comprises of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura, and Northern parts of West Bengal (Choudhury 2004) and is one of the richest biodiversity zones of India which harbors around 64% of the total butterfly species reported from India (Joshi & Dhyani 2014).
    [Show full text]
  • Journaflofthreattenedtaxa
    OPEN ACCESS The Journaf of Threatened Taxa fs dedfcated to buffdfng evfdence for conservafon gfobaffy by pubffshfng peer-revfewed arfcfes onffne every month at a reasonabfy rapfd rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org . Aff arfcfes pubffshed fn JoTT are regfstered under Creafve Commons Atrfbufon 4.0 Internafonaf Lfcense unfess otherwfse menfoned. JoTT affows unrestrfcted use of arfcfes fn any medfum, reproducfon, and dfstrfbufon by provfdfng adequate credft to the authors and the source of pubffcafon. Journaf of Threatened Taxa Buffdfng evfdence for conservafon gfobaffy www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Onffne) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Prfnt) Short Communfcatfon New records of the subfamffy Stratfomyfnae (Dfptera: Stratfomyfdae) from Pakfstan Muhammad Asghar Hassan, Imran Bodfah, Zafar Iqbaf & Rubfna Jabeen 26 October 2017 | Vof. 9| No. 10 | Pp. 10831–10834 10.11609/jot. 3562 .9. 10. 10831-10834 For Focus, Scope, Afms, Poffcfes and Gufdeffnes vfsft htp://threatenedtaxa.org/About_JoTT For Arfcfe Submfssfon Gufdeffnes vfsft htp://threatenedtaxa.org/Submfssfon_Gufdeffnes For Poffcfes agafnst Scfenffc Mfsconduct vfsft htp://threatenedtaxa.org/JoTT_Poffcy_agafnst_Scfenffc_Mfsconduct For reprfnts contact <[email protected]> Pubffsher/Host Partner Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 October 2017 | 9(10): 10831-10834 New records of the subfamily Stratiomyinae (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) from Pakistan 1 2 3 4 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) Muhammad Asghar Hassan , Imran Bodlah , Zafar Iqbal & Rubina Jabeen Communication Short ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) 1,2,3 Department of Entomology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agricultural University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan 4 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan OPEN ACCESS 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected], 4 [email protected] Abstract: Based on collected specimens from the Narowal, Rawalpindi of different genera.
    [Show full text]
  • Butterflies of Delhi with New Additions and an Annotated Checklist from Delhi, India
    International Journal of Zoology Studies International Journal of Zoology Studies ISSN: 2455-7269 Impact Factor: RJIF 5.14 www.zoologyjournals.com Volume 2; Issue 6; November 2017; Page No. 04-10 Butterflies of Delhi with new additions and an annotated checklist from Delhi, India 1 Jayita Biswas, 2 Sumit Dookia, 3 M Faisal 1, 2, University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, New Delhi, India 3 Biodiversity Park Programme Centre for Environment Management of Degraded Ecosystem University of Delhi, Delhi, India Abstract Delhi, being a national capital faces huge anthropogenic pressure since decades. Ecologically Delhi is nestled between two different types of topology, one is rugged Aravalli hill range and its typical scrub forest, another is the Yamuna River and its fertile alluvial flood plains. This type of topology makes many micro habitat zones in between these two large ecological landscapes. Delhi being a gardened island of greenery in a very extensive semi desert region on one part of Delhi to the semi-flowing River Yamuna on the other side permits an easy and discrete study of sub localities. The present compilation of butterfly fauna is a long term study since 2012 onwards, through various months’ long systematic surveys and review of the existing literature on butterfly of Delhi region. It reports total 115 species of butterfly from Delhi till date. Keywords: lepidoptera, rhopalocera, butterflies, aravalli range, yamuna floodplain, Delhi ridge, Delhi 1. Introduction al. 2007) [1, 23]. Later, it was validated through molecular Butterflies are one of the most fascinating groups of insects phylogenetics (based on homologous DNA sequences) and and have always been a center of attraction to humankind.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecology and Conservation Needs of Nymphalid Butterflies in Disturbed Tropical Forest of Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot, Assam, India
    International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation Vol. 1(7) pp. 231-250, December, 2009 Available online http://www.academicjournals.org/ijbc ©2009 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Ecology and conservation needs of nymphalid butterflies in disturbed tropical forest of Eastern Himalayan biodiversity hotspot, Assam, India Malabika Kakati Saikia*, J. Kalita and P. K. Saikia Department of Zoology, Gauhati University, Gopinath Bardoloi Nagar, Jalukbari, Guwahati-781 014, Assam, India. Accepted 21 October, 2009 We examine the hypothesis, whether the diversity of Nymphalid butterflies in primary forest is related to vegetation structure and canopy openness and that this relationship differs between butterfly taxa in relation to phylogenetic differences in light and shade preferences. The study also examines whether the increasing diversity of butterflies in degraded tropical forest is associated with the loss of species with restricted geographical distribution. Present study has considered eight habitat parameters for habitat data collections and the t-test using equal variance, spearman rank correlation and multiple regressions were used for statistical analyses. Species diversity was analyzed using Margalef’s D indices that indicate both the species richness and abundance. Bootstrap method was used to compare the diversity among samples. PCA was carried out to examine the relationship between vegetation structure and species diversity in primary and degraded forest. The relationship between vegetation factor scores and species diversity at each sampling station in primary and degraded forest was analyzed using stepwise multiple regression. Results indicates that the butterflies species sampled in closed canopy forest had more restricted geographical distribution than those being sampled in disturbed forest. The species with greater light preference had significantly wider geographical distribution, whereas, the species with greater shade preferences had significantly narrower geographical distributions.
    [Show full text]
  • Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Crossref Molecular systematics of the subfamily Limenitidinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Bidur Dhungel1 and Niklas Wahlberg2 1 Southwestern Centre for Research and PhD Studies, Kathmandu, Nepal 2 Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ABSTRACT We studied the systematics of the subfamily Limenitidinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphal- idae) using molecular methods to reconstruct a robust phylogenetic hypothesis. The molecular data matrix comprised 205 Limenitidinae species, four outgroups, and 11,327 aligned nucleotide sites using up to 18 genes per species of which seven genes (CycY, Exp1, Nex9, PolII, ProSup, PSb and UDPG6DH) have not previously been used in phylogenetic studies. We recovered the monophyly of the subfamily Limenitidinae and seven higher clades corresponding to four traditional tribes Parthenini, Adoliadini, Neptini, Limenitidini as well as three additional independent lineages. One contains the genera Harma C Cymothoe and likely a third, Bhagadatta, and the other two indepen- dent lineages lead to Pseudoneptis and to Pseudacraea. These independent lineages are circumscribed as new tribes. Parthenini was recovered as sister to rest of Limenitidinae, but the relationships of the remaining six lineages were ambiguous. A number of genera were found to be non-monophyletic, with Pantoporia, Euthalia, Athyma, and Parasarpa being polyphyletic, whereas Limenitis, Neptis, Bebearia, Euryphura, and Adelpha were paraphyletic. Subjects Biodiversity, Entomology, Taxonomy Keywords Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Systematics, New tribe, Classification, Limenitidinae Submitted 22 November 2017 Accepted 11 January 2018 Published 2 February 2018 INTRODUCTION Corresponding author Niklas Wahlberg, The butterfly family Nymphalidae has been the subject of intensive research in many fields [email protected] of biology over the decades.
    [Show full text]