H D T E C N I R A C P L X E E

R Intimate Partner Violence S E A M I C T H C A L L V I

Intimate partner violence (IPV), often called domestic violence, is generally described as abuse within the context of an intimate partner relationship, where one partner asserts power and control over the other. While legal definitions vary by state, IPV can include physical, sexual, and psychological abuse, as well as economic coercion. IPV affects millions of individuals, regardless of marital status, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, national origin, age, religion, education, or economic status. Because of the seriousness of this crime, the effects on victims and their families, and the difficulties in the criminal justice system response, victims of IPV may require a range of sustained resources, including access to emergency shelter, housing assistance, legal assistance, protection orders, safety planning, support groups, financial assistance, and other forms of support.

CRIME TRENDS In the 20 years from 1995–2015, the estimated rates of violent intimate partner victimization among women and men decreased from 15.5 and 2.8, respectively, to 5.4 per 1,000 women and 0.5 per 1,000 men. Because the personal nature of these victimizations often influences a victim’s decision to report the crime, victimizations by intimate partners are highly underreported. In 2015, 67% of violent victimizations were committed by a relative, 54% by an intimate partner, 43% by an acquaintance (either well-known or casual), and 42% by strangers.A

IntimateIntimate Partner Partner Victimization Victimization by bySex SexA Victimizations Reported to PoliceA Raterate per per 1,000 1,000 people by victim-offender relationship 20 20 15.5 Relative 67 15 Men Women Intimate partner 54 10 Well-known/casual 4.9 43 5.4 acquaintance 5 2.8 1.6 Stranger 42 0.5 100% 0 199519951997 19971999 19992001 20012003 20032005 20052007 20072009 20092011 20112013 2015

Men Women

According to the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS), an estimated 47% of men and women will be victims of psychological aggression by an intimate partner in their lifetime.1 In addition, 32% of women will be victims of physical violence, and 16% of contact sexual violence,2 by an intimate partner. About 7% of men will be victims of contact sexual violence by an intimate partner.B DID YOU KNOW?

B Lifetime Estimate of Intimate Partner Violence 7% of women and 4% of men who experience IPV are by sex and type of victimization victimized before age 18.B 47 47 50% Of high schoolers who report being in a dating Men 32 relationship, 10% experience physical violence by a Received Services28 Did Not Receive ServicesWomen boyfriend or girlfriend, 7% experience forced sexual 16 intercourse, and 11% experience sexual dating violence.C 10 7 D 2 9% of homicides are committed by intimate partners.

Psychological Physical Contact Stalking 20% of women and 5% of men who identify as victims aggression violence sexual violence of IPV report experiencing 1 or more PTSD symptoms.B

2018 National Crime Victims’ Rights Week Resource Guide: Crime and Victimization Fact Sheets Intimate Partner Victimization by Sex Rate per 1,000 people 20

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CURRENT DATA ON INTIMATE PARTNER5 VIOLENCE VICTIMIZATION

0 All races and ethnicities experience intimate partner 1995 1997In 1999 more 2001 than 2003 80% 2005 of 2007 intimate 2009 2011 partner 2013 2015 violent victimizations violence. However, women of multiple ethnicities and in 2015, theMen victimWomen did not receive assistance from victim American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) women service agencies.A experience the highest percentage of intimate partner victimization, respectively, compared to other races/ Intimate Partner Victimizations ethnicities and sexes.B3 for Which Victim Received Services from Victim Service AgenciesA Estimate of Intimate Partner ViolenceB by race/ethnicity and sex Received services (18%) Did not receive services (82%) 75% Men Women 52 48 45 47 41 40 37 30 30 34 Received Services Did Not Receive Services

18 Households earning between $15,000 and $24,999 reported 14 slightly more intimate partner victimizations in 2015 than other households. However, intimate partner violence is not A4 AI/AN Black White Hispanic Asian/ Multi- isolated to any particular income bracket. Pacific Is racial Intimate Partner Violence by Household IncomeA in thousands of victimizations People who self-identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual are at an increased risk of rape, physical violence, and stalking by an intimate partner, and victimization of bisexual men and $75,000 or more 109.0 women is most prevalent. Compared to an estimated 35% of heterosexual women, a greater percentage (61%) of bisexual $50,000–$74,999 112.0 women will be a victim of intimate partner violence in their $35,000–$49,999 65.1 lifetime. Compared to an estimated 29% of heterosexual men, 37% of bisexual men will be victims of intimate partner $25,000–$34,999 36.1 violence in their lifetime.B $15,000–$24,999 144.0 Rape, Physical Violence, and/or Stalking by an Intimate PartnerB $7,500–$14,999 81.9 by sex and sexual orientation Less than $7,500 51.3 150,000 29 Heterosexual Men 35 Women

37 SOURCES Bisexual 61 A Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, Concatenated File, 1992-2015, (U.S. Department of Justice)

26 B S.G. Smith et al., “NISVS: 2010–2012 State Report,” (CDC), www.cdc.gov/ Gay/Lesbian mmwr/pdf/ss/ss6308.pdf; Matthew J. Breiding et al., “Prevalence and 44 Characteristics of Sexual Violence, Stalking, and Intimate Partner Violence 100% Victimization—National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, United States, 2011,” MMWR vol. 63, 8(2014): www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/ ss/ss6308.pdf; “NISVS: An Overview of 2010 Findings on Victimization by Sexual Orientation,” (CDC, 2011), www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/ NISVS-StateReportBook.pdf NOTES C “High School YRBS: Youth Online,” (CDC), https://nccd.cdc.gov/ 1 According to the NISVS, psychological aggression includes: name calling, Youthonline/App/Default.aspx insulting or humiliating an intimate partner, and behaviors that are intended to monitor, control, or threaten an intimate partner. D Federal Bureau of Investigation, Crime in the United States, 2015, https:// ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2015/crime-in-the-u.s.-2015/tables/ 2 “Contact sexual violence” includes rape, being made to penetrate a perpe- expanded_homicide_data_table_10_murder_circumstances_by_ trator, sexual coercion, and unwanted sexual contact. relationship_2015.xls 3 Due to small sample sizes and large confidence intervals, please use cau- tion when interpreting these results. 4 Use caution when interpreting values for income of $7,500 or less. Based on a sample size of less than 10.