May, 1943 Houston PORT BOOK 21

and the Morgan Line of steamers which met the nine railroads centering at Houston, then a City of 20,000. The following table from that report will he interesting: Schedule B---Trips Made by Steamships to Clinton From New Orleans and Morgan City, Philadelphia, and New York Tons 1876--Forty-seven round trips, New Orleans and Mor- gan City ...... 49,350 1877--Two hundred and six round trips, New Orleans and Morgan City ...... 216,300 1878--Two hundred and twenty-three round trips, New Orleans and Morgan City ...... 234,150 1879--Two hundred and twenty-six round trips, New Orleans and Morgan City ...... 237,300 1878--One round trip, Philadelphia direct through ..... 1,900 1878--Thirteen round trips, New York direct, lightered. 29,250 1879--Eleven round trips, New York direct, lightered 24,750

Total tonnage, as above ...... 743,650 The statement is also made that a total of 2,732,048 bales of cotton were shipped over the waterway in ten year period 1869-79. The assessed value of property in the City for 1880 was $5,452,268 and Harris County, $9,500,000. Major Mansfield served as District Engineer until November 22, 1886, when he was relieved by Major O. H. Ernst, who re- Lert to right: R. B. Gillettee, Jr., Principal U. S. Assistant Engineer, mained on this duty until November 2, 1889, assisted by Lt. Geo. Galveston; T. E. Lyons, Executive Secretary, Foreign Trade Zones Board, Washington, D. C.; J. Russell Wait, Port Director; and Capt. A. Zinn, April 4, 1887, to August 23, 1888, and by Lieut. W. C. Charles Crotty, Assistant Port Director, Houston. Langfitt, September 27, 1888, to August 23, 1893. Major Charles J. Allen was assigned to duty as District Bay (including purchase of Morgan Canal and Cut, $92,- Engineer November 20, 1889, and served to February 8, 1893, and 316.85), $800,328.16, and Buffalo Bayou, Tex., $210,137.64; his Assistant, Lieut. W. C. Langfitt, was in temporary charge from a total of $1,010,465.80." February 8 to March 21, 1893, when Major A. M. Miller took charge. Lieut. Lansing H. Beach served as Military Assistant to The Army Engineers opened the District Engineers office at Major Miller from August 21, 1893, to October 29, 1894. (He Galveston on January 9, 1880, with Major S. M. Mansfield, District became Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army, during period 1920 Engineer, to supervise all work in the State of Texas. Prior to that to 1924. time all work was directed from the office in New Orleans, La. During the period 1877 to 1897, various civilian assistants The first record of an Army Engineer being stationed in Galveston made surveys, reports and supervised the field work on the Buffalo is a paragraph in the Chief of Engineers Report of 1878, page 462, Bayou project and the following names are found in the reports: when "Lieut. C. E. L. B. Davis, Corps of Engineers, who, being E. M. Hartrick, R. B. Talfor and Donald Allen. stationed in Galveston, was placed in general superintendence of Capt. Charles S. Rich6 relieved Major Miller on September 10, the conduct of the survey," and he transmits reports of survey made 1897, and as he was placed on military duty in command of a by civilian Assistant Engineers J. A. Hayward and H. C. Ripley, regiment of Immunes on June 16, 1898, for Spanish War service, dated April 30 and June 6, 1877, respectively, to Capt. C. W. Howell at New Orleans, La. These engineers made a very careful survey of the Bayou and Bay and Mr. Ripley also made an exhaustive study of winds, tides and currents in Galveston Bay and their effects on the fill and scour at Red Fish and Bolivar Roads. He was assisted on this survey by R. B. Talfor and J. C. Buchanan, civil assistant engineers. A Board of Engineers, consisting of Col. Z. B. Tower, Lieut. Col. H. G. Wright, Lieut. Col. John Newton, and Capt. C. W. Howell, on September 10, 1877, recommended a straight channel from head of Bolivar Channel to Red Fish Bar instead of a line west of Half Moon Shoal, as a more direct route and probably easier to maintain. Apparently the only work of improvement on the waterway between 1872 and 1880 carried on by the United States Govern- ment, consisted in keeping open Red Fish Cut, maintenance of Morgan Cut, the removal of a few shoals and clearing of logs, trees, etc., from the channels in San Jacinto River and Buffalo Bayou. Under date of January 10, 1881, Major S. M. Mansfield, District Engineer, transmits a detailed report made by R. B. Talfor, Assistant Engineer, dated December 24, 1880, of a survey of Buffalo Bayou from Simms Bayou to White Oak Bayou with estimates for channels 12 feet deep and 100 feet wide and also 150 feet wide, at cost of $385,299.75 and $1,125,341.25, re- spectively. This examination was made in accordance with pro- visions of section 2, Act of Congress approved June 14, 1880. Mr. Talfor’s report also included commercial statistics showing traffic C. F. BAEHR on Buffalo Bayou, indicating a very substantial movement by barge U. S. Assistant Engineerin charge of Field Office, Houston. 22 Houston PORT BOOK May, 1943

Major James B. Quinn was assigned as District Engineer from June 16 to November 10, 1898, when Capt. (Brevet Colonel) Rich~ resumed charge of the District. With the construction of the jetties and deepening of water across the inner and outer bars at Galveston, larger type vessels were placed in service and such craft were no longer able to traverse the shallow channel to Houston, so this waterway lost its through services and was confined to a barge movement and cargo was loaded aboard ships in Bolivar Roads and Galveston Harbor. UMBL However, the citizens of Houston were not ready to give up their vision of a real ship channel deep enough to accommodate ~SSO MARINE PRODUCTS the largest vessels in World trade and finally their representatives in Congress secured the passage of an Act dated February 1, 1897, directing the Secretary of War to make an examination and survey with estimate of cost, for a water channel not less than 25 feet deep and 100 feet wide, from mouth of jetties at Galveston to City of Houston, and for a harbor at or near Houston 25 feet deep and width of 500 feet, and to submit such report to Con- gress. The Board of Engineers appointed to review the project and compile report consisted of Col. H. M. Robert, Major A. M. Miller IN THE FIGHT (then District Engineer) and Capt. George McC. Derby. This Board submitted a report dated November 3, 1897, with HumbleEsso Marine Products are estimate of cost at about $4,000,000, including cost of two suction rightin the thickof the battlethat the dredges at $100,000 each. This report was supported by Statistics furnished by H. B. Gulf-Coastshipbuilding and marine Rice, Mayor; H. W. Garrow, President, Houston Cotton Exchange and Board of Trade and R. D. Gribble, President, Houston Busi- industryis fightingagainst the Axis. ness League, and showed enormous growth in population (68,997-- It’s a fight we’rehappy to be in be- estimated December 1895) and taxable wealth of $22,027,055. Cotton shipments by barge were about 500,000 bales per year, with cause we are proud that products gross receipt at Houston of 1,317,389 bales for season 1896-97. whichserved commercial and plea- Following this report the River and Harbor Act of March 3, 1899, authorized an appropriation of $250,000 and continuing surecraft in timeof peaceare chosen contracts to total sum of $2,000,000 and "provided further that out of said sum two dredges may be constructed for said work." as worthyallies in war. Proudthat However, no work was undertaken at that time for the Chief Humbleproducts are helping build of Engineers reports: and ~ervice merchant ships and In accordance with an opinion of the Attorney General of May 29, 1899, and instructions of the Secretary of War, Navyvessels that carry fromthe Gulf no action is to be taken in connection with this item of Coast America’s answerto those appropriation until it shall have had further consideration by Congress." whochallenge our right to freedom. The Galveston District was in charge of Capt. C. S. Riche, and Lieut. Harry Burgess was his military assistant from April 11 ESSOMARINE LUBRICANTS to December 2, 1898. Mr. E. M. Hartrick was now Principal DIESELFUELS Assistant Engineer, while field work was under supervision of Mr. R. B. Talfor, Assistant Engineer. ESSOLUBEH D The Act of March 3, 1899, was amended by Act of February (High-speed Diesel Engine Oil) 20, 1900 (Public No. 23) as follows: LAUNCHINGLUBRICANTS "Improving Galveston Ship Channel and Buffalo Bayou, SHIPS BUNKERS Texas: For improvement of the Galveston Ship Channel and MARINEPAINTS NAVYSYMBOL OILS

Availableat Shipside~t ThesePoints HOUSTON¯ BAYTOWN° GALVESTON TEXASCITY ¯ INGLESIDE Facilitiesfor sernlcingshafloua draft equipment with Humble Essomarine productsare locatedat all importantpoints from Orange to 8romnsoille.

HUMBLEOIL & REFINING CO. Houston, Texas "L_%rrymount"--FirstFull Cargo of Cotton--1919 May, 1943 Houston PORT BOOK 23

Buffalo Bayou by dredging or otherwise in accordance with the project submitted by a board of engineers in the report of a survey dated November third, eighteen hundred and ninety- seven, and submitted by the Chief of Engineers in his report for eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, in volume one, pages two hundred and eighty-eight and two hundred and eighty- nine, three hundred thousand dollars: Provided, That all sums heretofore appropriated and available for work on Galveston Ship Channel and Buffalo Bayou are hereby made available for said project: Provided further, That all of said sums of money not necessary for administration, surveys, and maintenance be used in improving division one of said survey." Work of improvement actually started on December 19, 1900, by driving of piles for a dike on east side of channel beginning at Morgan Point, extending across the bay toward Red Fish Reef, and dredging started April 22, 1901; however, due to small ap- Fropriation, the channel was reduced to 17!/=, feet deep and 70 feet wide, instead of the 25x150 feet provided for in the Act. The pile and brush dike was a temporary structure built to retain spoil and prevent it washing back into channel. Work on this project was carried on through 1902 and 1903, completing the dike to within one mile of Red Fish Bar and the dredging work to Bolivar Roads. A start was made on the channel above Morgan Point and this was carried on until December 1904 Port Houston when appropriations were exhausted. Captain C. S. Riche was transferred to another District and Captain Edgar Jadwin became District Engineer sometime in 1903 (Lieut. General Jadwin was Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army, 1926 to 1929) and continued to June 10, 1907. He was assisted for time by Captain Geo. M. Hoffman and Captain John C. Oakes. Ir0n Works The civil assistants on the project were R. B. Talfor, who died about 1905, Fred C. Stanton, N. T. Blackburn and Charles Crotty. During the period 1904-1912, dredging work was carried on Incorporated from time to time as appropriations were made available and in conformity with the modified project as recommended by a Board of Engineers consisting of Lieut. Col. D. W. Lockwood, Lieut. Col. R. L. Hoxie, Major S. W. Roessler, Major Edw. Burr and Capt. Charles W. Kutz, and dated December 15, 1904. This provided for a channel 25 feet deep, 150 feet wide in Galveston Bay, 100 feet wide above Morgan Point, extending to a turning basin, or harbor, 600 feet in diameter at the head of Long Reach, about 4 miles by land and 6 miles by water below Main Street in Houston, at revised estimate of cost of $3,700,000. However, dredging was only carried to a depth of 181./., feet instead of the authorized 25 feet, this A COMPLETEDRYDOCKING change being prompted by Congressman Theodore Burton, of Ohio, then Chairman of the Rivers and Harbors Committee in Congress, who advised the Engineers to try out the project on this depth AND before going to the expense of dredging to 25 feet. Such a course was useless and harmful as an 18 !,/, feet depth was deeper than needed for barge traffic and not enough for sea- going vessels, with result that practically no new traffic was MARINEREPAIR SERVICE developed.

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However, the channel was straightened and cutoffs made at Irish Bend, upper and lower Clinton, and Harrisburg Bends, and the new basin excavated at head of Long Reach. Fully determined to secure a deep water outlet to the sea, a MANCHESTERTERMINAL large delegation of Houston’s leading citizens went to Washington and appeared before the Rivers and Harbors Committee to urge ON THE SHIP CHANNEL full completion of the project, and as an evidence of their belief in its worthiness offered to share the cost of a "Turnkey Job" on a fifty-fifty basis. The Army Engineers then estimated the cost at two and one-half million dollars, and for a community to put up half of that sum for a ship channel was a radical departure from usual practice in those days when the River and Harbor appropria- tions were considered as juicy chunks from the "Pork Barrel." One of Houston’s modern and well equipped land.- As a result of this proposition, the River and Harbor Act of June 25, 1910, was passed, placing the work under continuing water facilities. At all times prepared to handle contract authorizations and, "Providing further: That any con- efficiently and satisfactorily all types of shipping tract entered into by the Secretary of War under the foregoing authorization shall specifically provide for the completion of the and commodities of foreign and domestic trade, project, and that not more than one-half of the consideration agreed including storage and warehousing. upon shall be furnished and paid by the United States." Houston interests then organized a Navigation District of all of Harris County, (after getting the State Legislature to pass an Inquiries solicited. Satisfactory services guct: mteed. Enabling Act to create Navigation Districts) voted a bond issue on June 1, 1911, for $1,250,000, deposited the money with the U. S. Treasurer and called on the U. S. Engineers to "Get Busy." During this interval the District Engineers were changed about; Major Edgar Jadwin being transferred to Panama Canal in 1907. Capt. John C. Oakes, military assistant, became District Engineer, serving to February 21, 1910, when he was succeeded by MANCHESTER TERMINAL Major Geo. P. Howell, who was then relieved on July 26, 1911, by Major Earl I. Brown, who was on this duty to August 12, 1912, CORPORATION when Lieut. Col. C. S. Riche, was again assigned to the Galveston District. The civil assistants supervising the ship channel work from HOUSTON, TEXAS 1907 to 1912 were N. T. Blackburn, C. M. Davis and Charles Crotty, under general direction of E. M. Hartrick, Principal Assistant Engineer. When the Houston and Government funds became available early in 1912, a contract was let to the Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific Company of New York for the entire project, involving removal of some 23 million cubic yards of earth. This company started NATURAL work June 15, 1912, and soon had six large hydraulic pipe line dredges pumping day and night. The contract was completed on September 7, 1914, over a year ahead of schedule, and Houston suddenly found itself with a Gas,,, HOUSTON deep water channel to the sea, but without wharves or terminal facilities to load and unload vessels. This, however, was soon remedied by the City of Houston voting a Three Million Dollar INDUSTRIESbond issue and constructing wharves at the turning basin, where the first regular service between Houston and New York was established by the Southern Steamship Company on August 19, One vital reason for Houston’s importance as 1915, with arrival of the Steamship "SATILLA." A cargo of coal from Baltimore was brought in on steamer a war production center is the availability here of unlimited natural gas for industrial consumption to turn the wheels of progress.

We are proud of the contribution we are mak- ing to the war effort in furnishing natural gas for fuel for our war industries.

HoustonIndustrial GasCo. City IndustrialGas Company F. M. Corzelius 2021 COMMERCEBUILDING, HOUSTON French Liner "Lafayette" at Houston May, 1943 Houston PORT BOOK 25

"DOROTHY," on October 12, 1914, and docked alongside barges at Clinton for unloading to cars, and the Gulf Refining Company tanker "WINIFRED" brought in the first cargo from FIR AND YELLOW PINE LUMBER AND a foreign port, crude oil from Mexico on June 15, 1915, discharg- ing into Gulf tanks at Lynchburg. Schooners came in with phos- RED CEDAR SHINGLES phate rock from Florida and with cast iron pipe from Philadelphia during the first few months after the channel was completed. It was extremely fitting that Col. C. S. Riche should be the W. H. Norris Lumber Company District Engineer during the construction of the 25 ft. project, 709-15 First National BankBuilding as he had been the engineer who had inaugurated the work in 1898- HOUSTON, TEXAS 1903 on his previous tour of duty in this District, and the develop- ment of the port of Houston was a source of deep satisfaction to him, and after his retirement from active duty, he made the city his home for several years until he passed away about 1920. ~h~ IndusTrial Center of HouOon~ The field force of the War Department on the 25 ft. project was under the direction of CommodoreE. M. Hartrick, Principal Assistant Engineer, and Charles Crotty, Superintendent, with field NielsEsperson industrial District engineers, H. E. Shudde, C. M. Wood and Eric T. Davis. (Note: HOUSTON, TEXAS Mr. C. M. Wood, Associate Engineer, is now--1943--supervising A well located and highly developed exclusive industrial district, supplied with natural gas, electric power, railroads, convenience to port, accessibility the project from the District Engineers office in Galveston). to all parts of city and major highways, small or large tracts, surrounded Major E. N. Johnston relieved Col. Riche on July 22, 1916, by excellent living conditions for dependable labor, conservative price. These all combine to make the Niels Esperson Industrial District worthy and carried on until September 13, 1917, when he was placed on of the attention of "better business." active military duty in World War No. 1. For about one month Consider the business development possibilities of the Houston territory the Galveston District office was supervised by Col. J. C. Sanford, --send for more complete information. Division Engineer, Gulf Division, with headquarters in New For complete information address Orleans, when Mr. R. C. Smead, Principal Assistant Engineer, was placed in charge as Acting District Engineer on October 16, 1917. ESPERSONINDUSTRIAL CORPORATION During the period of the War, most of the vessels available Niels EspersonBuilding HOUSTON, TEXAS were assigned to war service abroad and not many were active in Gulf service, although the Southern Steamship Company main- tained a regular monthly schedule. The rapid development of the oil industry in Texas and Southwest soon brought out the advantages of the Houston Ship Channel as a site for refineries on deep water and in a few years several plants were constructed. Vessels loaded with oil were of deep draft and the 25 ft. channel soon proved inadequate, so efforts were made to increase depth to 30 feet. After careful consideration of present and future require- ments, the Army Engineers recommended a modification of the project to provide full depth of 30 feet, a width of 250 feet in Galveston Bay, and 150 feet in river section up to the turning basin, and to enlarge the basin from 600 feet to 1100 feet, at an River Terminals Corporation operates estimated cost of $3,850,000. The River and Harbor Act of March 2, 1919, provided for this enlargement, but funds were not modern all-steel cargo and tanker barges made available for work to start until July, 1920, and the project between Houston, Freeport, New Orleans was not completed until 1925. The local interests, now represented by the Harris County and intermediate points, providing low- Houston Ship Channel Navigation District, contributed the sum cost transportation on insured bills of of $1,365,000 toward the cost of the work, as well as providing all rights of way and dumping grounds. During and after the lading. completion of this 30 ft. project, there was a very rapid develop- ment of industry and commerce, new plants of all kinds and huge Connections are maintained at New Orleans for through all-water move- ments to and from all Mississippi River, Ohio River and Intraeoastal Waterway points, handling freight of all kinds in less-than-carload, carload and barge load quantities. Steamer, motor truck and rail connections are also available at both Houston and New Orleans.

RIVERTERMINALS CORPORATION

NEW ORLEANS HOUSTON Mallory Line Steamer "Algonquin" 26 Houston PORT BOOK May, 1943

public and private terminals were constructed and ships by the hundreds traversed the waterway each month, fully justifying the project and its enlargement. W. L. JONESand SON During this period of enlargement of channel, there were several changes in District Engineers and personnel in charge of local field office, all of whomwere active in prosecuting the work SAND, SHELLand GRAVEL to completion. DREDGING and TOWING The records show that Col. Spencer Cosby was District En- gineer from January 24, 1919, to May 22, 1920, assisted for a time BoatBuilding and Barge Rental by Majors C. L. Hall and Paul S. Reinecke. Major L. M. Adams served from May 22, 1920, to May 25, 1924, followed by Major B. B. Browne for a two month period Shipyardand Dock May 25 to July 27, 1924. Phones Wayside9464 MouthGreen’s Bayou I FaM¢x9720 Major Julian L. Schley carried on for a four-year term, July HOUSTON,TEXAS 27, 1924, to June 25, 1928. Major Schley left the District to go to the Panama Canal as Engineer, later becoming Governor of the Zone. He also served as Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army, in Wash- ington from October 17, 1937, to October 17, 1941. Several military assistants were assigned to the Galveston office and supervised to some extent the work on the ship channel, among them were Capt. G. A. Counts, Lt. Leslie R. Groves, Capt. Consolidated Chemical Lucius DuB. Clay, Lt. Horatio G. Fairbanks, Major Wm. A. John- son, Lt. Albert C. Lieber, Jr., Capt. Chas. F. Baish and Lt. Roy M. Industries Inc. McCutchen. (SOUTHERN DIVISION) The civil assistants in active charge of the field office, which Manufacturers was established at Harrisburg in 1922 or 1923 equipped temporarily with a large Quarterboat, as floating office and home for survey HeavyChemicals and Bone Products crew, were Mr. N. T. Blackburn, C. M. Wood, Carawan C. Nelson and John Ehrhardt. The survey parties under their supervision laid ~r out work for dredges, took cross-sections of channel before and after dredging, compiled estimates, staked out dumping ground Sales Office ¯ Mellie Esperson Building levees, made maps, reports, etc. Factory on Ship Channel During the late 1920’s and early 1930’s, the port continued to HOUSTON, TEXAS grow and oil refineries, cotton compresses and terminals, grain elevators, cement and chemical plants soon lined the banks of Buffalo Bayou--dignified by the title of the Houston Ship Channel, and traffic in larger and deeper draft vessels increased so rapidly that the 30 ft. channel was no longer adequate and appeals were made for a deeper and wider waterway. Congress responded promptly and soon a depth of 32 feet was provided and several bends eased to make navigation safer. This modified project was carried through under the direction of Major Milo P. Fox, who succeeded Col. Schley on June 25, TEXAS 1928, and served to July 7, 1933, when he was f2113wed by Lt. Col. E. H. Marks, who was in charge of the District to July 28, 1937. SHIPBglLDINGCOMPANY As soon as the 32 ft. depth and 400 ft. width across Galveston Bay were attained in 1935, it was found that the larger type vessels (SUCCESSORSTO REDHEAD BOAT SHOP) required more width of channel, especially for night navigation on the upper reaches, and after a careful survey, the Army Engineers recommended a usable depth of 34 ft., with 2 to 3 ft. overdepth, and t~ increase the width to provide 300 ft. from Mgrgan Point

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SHOP AND OFFICE SHIPYARD 7324 Long Drive Green’s Bayou PhoneW- 9-3535 PhoneW- 6-9481 May, 1943 Houston PORT Book 27 to Baytown, 250 ft. thence to Norsworthy and 200 ft. to the basin, as reported in House Document No. 58, 74th Congress, 1st Session, June 5, 1935. This work was completed in April 1941. Several modifications have since been recommended, but no acticn has been taken by Congress, as the war emergncy has post- poned all projects not immediately essential to the war effort. The latest survey and recommendation states that the channel should be widened from Morgan Point to Baytown to bottom width of 400 ft.; 350 ft. thence to Shell Refinery; and 300 ft. on up to the turning basin, and that auxiliary basins be provided at lower end of Harrisburg Bend and mouth of Hunting Bayou, with additional silt catching basins at such locations as may be found desirable. The District Engineer, with the approval of the Chief of Engineers, may ease bends and improve navigating conditions as may be re- quired without specific Congressional authority. These modifications were recommended by Col. F. S. Besson, appointed July 28, 1937, and by Col. L. H. Hewitt, who took charge of the District January 13, 1941, when Col. Besson was promoted to Division Engineer at Kansas City, Mo. The exigencies of war called Col. Hewitt into active military service on December 3, 1942, and Col. W. G. Saville assumed charge of the Galveston District, and is nowsupervising activities. After more than thirty years of service, Mr. John Ehrhardt, t, ssistant Engineer, was retired on November 1, 1942, and Mr. C. F. Baehr was assigned to duty in charge of Harrisburg Field Office to handle all detail work on the ship channel and supervise work of improvement and maintenance, while Mr. C. M. Wood, Associate Engineer, continued to direct operations from the Main Office. Mr. R. B. Gillette has served as Assistant Engineer for about thirty years and as Principal Assistant Engineer in Galveston Office for past 15 years. The writer served as civilian engineer in Galveston District from 1904 to 1920 (except for two years in France during World War), most of the time in active charge of field work on the Houston Ship Channel, resigning in April, 1920, to take up present duties as Assistant Director of the Port. During the administration of Lt. Colonels Fox, Marks and Besson, the following military assistants were active in development Top: U. S. Engineers Field Office on the HoustonShip Channel. of the Houston Ship Channel: Lt. Louis J. Rummagi, Lt. F. S. Bottom:U. S. QuarterboatNo. 1 at Morgan’sPoint. The three gen- Cothran, Capt. Manuel J. Asensio, Capt. B. C. Clarke, Capt. B. F. tlemen are: C. M. Wood,Capt. Charles Crotty, and Capt. George M. Chadwick and Lt. J. E. Walker. Prendergast. While Houston citizens in early days felt that the harbor should be located at foot of Main Street and mouth of White Oak As a result of these many years of sustained effort, the Port Bayou, because that was the landing of the river steamers and of Houston has grown to enormous proportions, both as to traffic close to the business district, the Army Engineers soon convinced handled and as an industrial waterway. The last available statistics them that a real port and harbor required lots of room for ships --for 1940--placed Houston as third seaport of the Nation, to turn, for transit sheds and warehouses, and for miles of railroad exceeded only by New York and Philadelphia. The peak movement tracks and highways, with room for expansion as new business of cargo in 1939 was 28,174,710 short tons, and 1940, 27,385,598 developed. The selection of the site at head of Long Reach, 4 miles a slight drop due to European conflict. The largest movement ol from center of the city, on then undeveloped land for a mile or ships before the war was in 1939 when 3078 seagoing vessels more on all sides, has proved to be the wisest choice and with the arrived at Houston and 3075 departed, a total movement of 6153. growth of the city it is now 4 miles inside the city limits, and for In addition to this deep sea traffic, a total of 39,196 tugs, barges police regulation purposes, the city limits have been extended and small craft traversed the channel. 2500 ft. each side of the channel down to Galveston Bay. Industrially, Houston has become the leading city of the "IA I A A AlIA A A 141 All A I 4 i i AIAll A A4 AlIA I A 411iIA 1144 Ii 4 i A A A i 44 Ii A i

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South, with a population of nearly 500,000, the oil and cotton center of the Nation, and is now taking a leading part in war work, building huge cargo ships, naval craft, steel and concrete barges, tugs and patrol boats, as well as all kinds of war imple- ments. Steel blasting furnaces, rolling mills, chemical, paper, and cement plants, synthetic rubber plants, high test aviation gas refineries and many other industries furnish employment to thousands of workers. Thus we see that the vision of the early pioneers has been fully realized, but it took the practical engineers of proven ability to translate the vision to the reality, and to those practical Army Engineers every step must be carefully studied and the results must justify the cost. It costs money to dig mud and to maintain the channels when they have been obtained, so before any river and harbor project is finally approved by Congress, it must run the gauntlet and pass the acid test by careful consideration of the District Engineer and his civil assistants, the Division Engineer; the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors in Washington; a Type U. S. Naval Tanker group of high ranking officers of wide experience and no political entanglements who judge the project strictly on its merits; thence on Houston as the nearest port inland, and equalized to large to the Chief of Engineers of the Army, who transmits it with his extent to other Texas Ports, and in some items to New Orleans, recommendation to the Secretary of War. The Secretary passes it the saving on freights alone amounts to millions of dollars each on to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and it is then year, so that all the Southwest is benefitted to as much, or a referred to the Rivers and Harbors Committee of some 20 or more greater extent than Houston itself. members from all parts of the United States, and representing all In addition to the work of improvement of the Houston Ship political parties. This Committeecarefully considers each item and Channel and other navigation projects in Texas, the District holds hearings to develop all facts as to economic or public neces- Engineer and his assistants have been charged with responsibility sity. Upon approval by this Committee, the item is included in the of providing a Flood Control system for Buffalo Bayou to protect next River and Harbor authorization bill and presented to Congress the City and Port from such devastating floods as occurred in 1929 as a whole. Whenfinally passed and approved by the President, it and 1935. becomes a law, but no actual work can start until an appropriation The huge Barker Retention Dam west of the city, now under bill is passed by Congress with an allotment for that specific construction, is one phase of that protection work and with diver- project, this being usually one or two years after the item is sion canals on each side of the ship channel, the problem will be authorized. solved. Whenfinally authorized and funds made available, the District Therefore, all the citizens of Texas owe a debt of gratitude to Engineer prepares specifications, advertises for bids and awards those practical, far-sighted and efficient Army Engineers who are contract for the dredging or other work involved, and through his so largely responsible for the construction, maintenance and assistants carries the project through to completion. development of our magnificient system of waterways and harbors, Under this procedure to June 30, 1941, a total of $16,611,- during times of peace, and who, in war, are at the forefront of 870.04 had been expended for new work on the Houston Ship the Armies, commandingengineer troops, building roads, railroads, Channel, including $2,574,178.18 contributed by Harris County bridges, airfields, fortifications, trenches, creating or removing Navigation District, and $9,596,407.97 was spent on maintenance, obstructions, making it possible to keep our supplies flowing to the including $200,000 contributed by Navigation District for two troops, and harassing the enemy in every possible way. dredges, the ’~Sam Houston" and ~’San Jacinto," making the grand In time of disaster or public calamity, the Army Engineers, total cost $25,208,278.01, for the period 1872 to 1941, an average both officers and enlisted men, are called upon to take charge and cost of about $365,000 per year. provide proper relief, and they always live up to their motto (Note:--The Board of Engineers reported in 1897 tha:~: "This "Essayons"--~’we will try"--and they always succeed. saving of $600,000 in freight would alone justify an improvement The Corps of Engineers, United States Army, are indeed of this magnitude, as it amounts to more than the probable cost Officers and Gentlemen, selected from the top flight of graduates of maintenance and the interest on the estimated first cost of the from our West Point Military Academy, serving the Nation in all work." House Documenl 99, 55th Congress). kinds of technical and administrative work, seldom in one post or In view of the fact that in recent years all freight rates to and District more than 3 or 4 years, and acquiring a wealth of from the interior of Texas and surrounding states have been based experience, and are men we are all proud to have in our service. Wooded, Clay Hill Becomes Scene of Great Industry

N SEPTEMBEROF 1941 there existed on the banks of Greens Bayou a wooded clay hill; today, though the ingenuity of the I enterprising Brownbrothers, this same hill is now the site of a thriving industry devoted to the prosecution of the war effort. As a fitting climax and reward for the year’s endeavor, came an announcement to the Brown brothers on December 15th, 1942 from James Forrestal, Under Secretary of the Navy, stating ’~ . . . the Army and Navy are conferring upon your yard the Army-Navy ’~E" Award for outstanding production of war mate- rials .... a symbol of high contribution to American freedom. This Award is your nation’s tribute to your effort and to your great work in backing up our soldiers on the fighting fronts. I have full confidence that your present high achievement is indicative of what you will do in the future." The presentation ceremonies were held on December 21st, 1942, at the shipyards and were attended by the Honorable Frank Knox, Secretary of the Navy, Honorable Jesse Jones, Secretary of Commerce, Sam Rayburn, Speaker of the House, Governor Coke Stevenson, Major General Richard Donovan, as well as many other notables. The Brown Shipbuilding officials and all employees attended en masse. The program included an address and presentation of the Army-Navy ~E" Production Award by the Honorable Frank Knox and its acceptance by Mr. L. T. Bolin, General Manager of the Brown Shipbuilding Company. The presentation of Award pins was made to the employees of Brown Shipbuilding Company by Major General Richard Donovan and was accepted by Mr. Asa Platzer, veteran shipbuilder and an employee of the shipyards. Capt. D. C. Redgrave, Jr., General Supervisor of the BrownShip- yards; Mrs. Robert Lee Pettit, wife of Pearl HarborNaval Hero, who The Brown Shipbuilding Company today, proudly flying their sponsoredthe launching of the "Pettit"; and Lieut. Com.M. I. Kearns, Army-Navy ~E" pennant, is a phenomenon of efficiency and speed. Assistant Supervisor.

Launchingof Destroyer "Pettit’" at the BrownShipbuilding CompanyYards.

29 May, 1943 3o Houston PORT BOOK

A 156 acre wooded clay hill sixteen short months ago, it is now granted the opportunity to improve themselves through a series of one of the best laid-out shipyards in the country. This is the courses which cover every specialized type of work essential to stupendous accomplishment of the "Texas Wonder Boys," the shipbuilding. Superintendents, foremen, and leadermen--men right Brown brothers, who didn’t know the meaning of obstacles or from the "firing line"--conduct these courses in a training building delay. They have built PC type sub-chasers and landing craft in located in the yard. Every phase of fabrication and assembly is put record time, and are in the process of completing an additional on a practical basis so that skill acquired in these classes may be $200,000,000 contract with the Navy for the larger type Destroyer translated into better work at greater speed in the yard or office. Escort vessels. That these courses for self-improvement are popular with Brown The history and background of the Brown brothers is truly employees is evidenced by the fact that more than 1600 are attend- ing daily. This specialized training is helping to keep various Texan. Their great grandfather came to the Republic of Texas in 1836. Among other accomplishments he became the first Chief activities ranging from the receipt of blue prints to a complete Justice of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Texas. R. L. sea-tested vessel flowing as from an endless chain through the yards. This is real assembly line production. One additional inovation Brown, their father, conducted a wholesale and retail business. Stamina and rugged individualism is their divine birthright as --prefabrication--makes it possible for skilled men to work simul- evidenced by their wonderful mother who is now 84 years young, taneously on various sections of a ship without interfering with is active, mentally alert, a vital charming personality, whose zest each other. Welding and other essential work is completed on for life can only be compared to our energetic, fun-loving youth different secticns at different locations and when they are swung of today. into position for complete assembly of the ship they need only to be welded to their adjoining sections. Once all sections have been Herman and George Brown had been leaders in the construc- combined the hull is complete and the ship is then ready for launch- tion business in the Southwest for more than twenty years. Early ing. However, when a ship hits the water it is only slightly more in 1941 they financed a small shipyard in Harrisburg on the edge than half completed. Outfitting and testing require almost as much of Houston and in September 1941 found themselves with a Navy time as the actual construction of the hull. Whenfully outfitted, contract to build sub-chasers. the ship is given a "Dock test." This test requires about two days Their organization at this time consisted of a construction and usually shows up minor defects and indicates repairs which company, namely, Brown & Root, Inc., having several big jobs must be made. When this work has been done a Trial Board comes under construction. The largest single project the company has aboard and submits the vessel to its first sea test. This board checks carried out previous to this time was the construction of the each and every detail of the ship’s construction and operation. $27,000,000 Mansfield Dam, north of Austin, Texas, on the Whenthey report favorably the vessel is ready for delivery to the Colorado River, which was completed in 1941. In the past they owner, the Navy Department. have built bridges, dams, streets, highways and the yard of the During the scheduled outfitting and test periods, activity still Houston Shipbuilding Corporation across the ship channel from continues at the yards of the Brown brothers. Other ships are their own yard. Then came the supreme test to build their own. coming off the ways and still other sections of ships are being pre- This they did in the remarkably short space of time of six months, fabricated and made ready for final assembly to add their total and in February of 1942, less than seven months after the clearing to those previously assembled. work was started on the shipyard site, the first PC boat went out Assembly line production of fighting ships like this depends in fighting trim ready to perform immediately. When the Browns on the careful location of all units of a shipyard and an easy con- started on their shipbuilding career there were approximately 500 tinuous flow of material. The present yard laid out along these employees in the company, less than 5~ of whom had had any lines is so compact as to draw favorable comment from visiting shipbuilding experience. Today there are many thousands of em- construction experts. In addition, the tract provides ample room ployees all intent on the big job of producing ahead of schedule. for expansion. The most desirable features of shipyards located on The attributes of efficient management, economical operation both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts were incorporated in this yard and aggressive achievement which made the Brown & Root com- at design time. Key men were sent to inspect shipyards already in pany an outstanding success, were incorporated into the Brown operation, and their recommendations were incorporated in its Shipbuilding Company. Today the same determination to get the layout. job done and done quickly has permeated every department of the As a result of continuous research and study the Brown Ship- company and every worker is "all-out" for the war effort. The building Companyhas been able to greatly improve upon numerous secret, the brothers say, is organization--getting men who are able devices used to expedite ship construction. As an illustration, the and who can work together. With the right men a contractor can facilities now used in the broadside launching is one of these im- build dams, roads, ships or anything else. proved features. The assembly line down which ships move toward Much of this success and efficiency is due to the excellent the launching ways with extraordinary speed has been developed training program which has been carried on by the company since in the yards of Brown Shipbuilding and has proven its worth in its inception. Unskilled or partially skilled men and womenare greatly expediting the completion date from start to finish. PATRICK TRANSFER & STORAGE COMPANY

UPTOWN PHONE P. 0111 POST OFFICE BOX 2544 SHIPSIDE PHONE W. 6-8341 SHIPSIDEWAREHOUSE A FISHER G. DOI:~EY INTEREST

General Commodity Storage and Handling Attractive Low Insurance Rate 275,000 Square Feet Storage Space Dock Space: 2 Ships, 84 Cars, 60 Trucks Reinforced Concrete Construction A.D.T. Electric Protection Service Equipped with Automatic Sprinkler Floor Level 35 Feet Above Mean Low Tide

I M P O It T EFFICIENT MECHANICALHANDLING EQUIPMENT, INCLUDING F It E E OR EXPORT CONVEYORSAND ELEVATORS TO SHIPSIDE BONDED "’Best in the Southwest" A Directory of the Houston Chamber of Commerce

Many persons and firms located far from Houston desire meEt and public health. Men and womenin all walks of life par- service and information with reference to their various interests, ticipate in this broad field of service to their city and their for which the Houston Chamber of Commerce is always glad to neighbors. be called upon. MEMBERSHIP DEPARTMENT Following is the Executive Committee: ROLLANDSTOREY, Manager A. DEE SIMPSON...... President Establishes friendly contacts between members, prospective H. O. CLARKE...... Vice-President members, new citizens and visitors through confidence in the E. A. BLACKBURN...... Vice-President Chamber of Commerce. GEORGESAWTELLE ...... Vice-President COL. W. B. BATES...... Secretary of the Board RESEARCH AND STATISTICS JAS. A. BAKER,JR ...... Treasurer W. N. BLANTON.... Vice-President and General Manager MIss FRANCESBONNER, Acting Manager C. J. CRAMPTON...... See’y and Asst. General Manager Maintains a file of approximately 1,500 items on subjects of informational value with reference to Houston, its trade territory The service rendered by the Chamber of Commerceis divided and Texas. This information is available to anyone anywhere. into several departments, of which the following is an outline, and they at all times welcome inquiries from those desiring their MANUFACTURERS AND WHOLESALERS assistance : C. J. CRAMPTON,Manager EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT Contacts Houston trade territory and assists jobbers and manu- W. U. BLANTON, Vice-President and General Manager facturers to develop new business. C. J. CRAMPTON, Secretary and Asst. Gen’l Manager T. W. ARCHER, O~ce Manager AGRICULTURAL W. O. Cox, Manager (On leave with U. S. Army) TRANSPORTATION Agricultural conditions in Harris County and adjoining coun- C. E. HOLLOMAN,Manager ties. Specific information to individuals on farming problems. Boys’ E. E. DULLAHAN,Assistant and girls’ rural club work. Information from specialists employed in Rate quotations. Readjustments of rate situations. Publication the department of livestock and dairying, home demonstration and of rate changes. Preparation of statistical information in defense field crop subjects. County agent work. Information available of rate adjustments. Analysis of transportation problems. Dissemi- through direct contact with the Extension Service of the State nation of information on the car situation and any other transpor- Agricultural and Mechanical College. tational subjects of interest to shippers. HIGHWAY INDUSTRIAL--AVIATION--MILITARY AFFAIRS GLEN R. BLACKBURN,Manager (On leave with U. S. Government) MAJORROLAND A. LAIRD, Manager Provides comprehensive service for motorists and tourists and Industrial assists in the planning of new or improved highway construction. Sites. Warehouses. Retail locations. Labor situation. Statistical Assists in planning new highways that directly or indirectly benefit information on industrial subjects. Business conditions (city and Houston. state). Present and future industrial possibilities. PUBLICITY Aviation DOUGLASHICKS, Director of Publicity Promotes the establishment of new air mail and passenger (On leave with U. S. Navy) services at Houston; endeavors to promote improvements in all JAS. A. MARRY,Acting Manager aviation facilities; encourages constructive activities relating to National and local distribution of civic advertising, including commercial and military flying. news publicity on Houston development. Pictures and cuts of Houston’s commercial and civic life for the use of visitors and for Military Affairs loan to interested individuals. General information regarding the Cooperates in all matters having to do with local factors affect- city. Direct contact with local newspapers which makes available ing military forces of city, state and nation; maintains intimate assistance for those desiring that character of publicity service. contact between business interests of the city and the military Advice and counsel in the preparation of publicity matter which has services; supports and encourages R. O. T. C. organizations in a bearing on Houston publicity. File of newspaper clippings on Houston. stories of interest. FOREIGN TRADE CONVENTION AND TOURIST BUREAU T. L. EVANS,Manager T. A. SIEFERTH, Manager Foreign trade problems. Information on Houston. Trade pos- Promotes the holding of conventions at Houston; arranges for sibilities, with special reference to Mexico, Central and South conventions and other conferences and stimulates the holding of America and the West Indies. Spanish translations. Information on sales conferences at Houston. customs regulations, tariffs, etc. Domestic trade. Local conditions of trade with special reference to wholesalers and jobbers. Classified HOUSTON MAGAZINE list of Houston concerns. Present and future possibilities of specific trade propositions. Port activities and improvements. C. E. GILBERT,JR., Editor and Manager T. J. MCHALE,Assistant (On leave with U. S. Army) CIVIC AFFAIRS H. C. FIESTER, Advertising Assistant GORDONH. TURRENTINE,Manager (On leave with U. S. Army) A monthly business journal, combined with the Port Register. HENRYW. STANLEY, Acting Manager JUNIOR CHAMBER OF COMMERCE The Civic Affairs Department is the focal point for the BAKERW. ARMSTRONG,Executive Secretary Chamber’s activities in behalf of the community’s civic and cultural (On leave with U. S. Navy) progress. Within the department are the Houston Flower Show An organization of young business men of Houston but a Association, the Houston Civic Council, and committees whose ac- distinct division of the Chamber of Commerceoperating under the tivities relate to education, civic improvement, flood control, water litter’s supervision. Promotes the general ciwc welfare of Houston supply, zoning, inter-racial relations, fire prevention, noise abate- through a great variety of activities. 31 Houston’s Relationship to the Cities of the Great Southwest

THE CITY OF KERRVILLE, TEXAS

The twenty-first oJ a series oJ articles showing Houston’s relationship to other cities o~ the Great Southwest. Some other city will be covered by the next issue o] the Houston Port Book.

~RRVILLEhas a population of 6,769. The elevation of the vacation cabins to hotel suites of the more luxurious types. Con- city is 1,650 feet with elevations in Kerr County ranging up veniently located to all of the recreational facilities that have made K to 2,500 feet. This is considered as headquarters for hunters this a vacation mecca are the accommodations to be offered in the who last year alone killed 1600 deer and 500 turkey. Here is the hotels, vacation camps, guest and dude ranches, private cabins and largest primary wool and mohair market on the North American trailer camps. Continent. Located near the historical Bandera Pass and Camp Kerr County’s three religious encampments attract more than Verde, site of the Camel Caravan experiment, Kerrville is a modern 5,000 visitors each summer--people of all ages and even of many city with city manager form of government, strong banks, large faiths--who find in this God-endowed setting an opportunity for and modern retail outlets serving an extensive trade territory, civic associations, study and inspirational programs designed for the en- clubs, including Kiwanis and Rotary. It has a fully affiliated school richment of that phase of their lives for which these three encamp- system, active churches of leading denominations, excellent theatres. ments were created. Considered an important medical center, the healthful climate and More than 1,000 youngsters spend the summer months in the certified "pure" water make living conditions ideal. There are no seven boys’ and girls’ camps in Kerr County where they enjoy the mosquitoes nor malaria and few pollens to cause hayfever. Public benefits of a program of supervised study and recreation. The health measures are rigidly enforced. Highways are excellent and splendid facilities and competent personnel of these camps have there are ample transportation facilities, including a modern air- made this the outstanding boys’ and girls’ camp area in the entire port. Fertile truck farming lands are in this area which has a United States. Here are to be found camps that not only compare growing season of 221 days, an average rainfall of 29.76 inches favorably with the scattered camps to be found in the north and and an average annual temperature of 65 degrees. Moderate tax rate east, but that in many respects excel their most favorable aspects. and rendition basis. There is a state park of 500 acres, a state fish And, too, they enjoy the natural climatic advantage of this par- hatchery and a municipally owned country club. Kerrville is con- ticular area. veniently located to Austin and San Antonio by good highways. Numerous varieties of game fish lurk in the Guadalupe River You will find this community personifying the traditional Western and its tributaries. The fisherman, whether he fares forth with cane hospitality. pole and the time-honored worm or minnow, or with full equip- Swimming, horseback riding, golfing, tennis, photography, ment for casting or fly-fishing, is assured of the sport that the true picnicking, nature study, fishing and hunting--whatever sport the outdoor man demands. Fish taken from the cold, clear waters of vacationist may choose, he will find his interests provided for in the Guadalupe and its tributaries have a gameness not to be found the "Heart o’ the Hills" country. He may swim either in Kerr- in fish of equal weight taken from less favored streams or lakes. ville’s modern municipal pool or in any one of the many secluded Constant re-stocking of the Guadalupe assures an undiminished spots along the Guadalupe River. Horseback riding is available at supply of fish. a number of places, with a wide choice of mounts. Golfers will be Varied throngs of hunters converge at Kerrville each fall, intrigued by the sportiness of the beautiful 9-hole golf course in a among them well known figures in the industrial and financial natural setting that has gained admiration of golfers throughout world as well as those from more modest walks of life . . . all the Southwest. Several private courts and the facilities of the who treasure up the hours for their vacation during the hunting municipal country club are available to tennis players. Numerous season. They all belong to the same brotherhood once they have mountain trails and woodland dells invite hikers. The camera addict may realize his fondest dreams with innumerable subjects unfolded in this ever-changing panorama of natural beauty. For the nature IN AND AROUNDKERRVILLE, TEXAS lover there is a vdriety of flora and fauna not found in other sec- 1. Kerr CountyCourt House. tions of the Southwest. This mountain region offers a fertile field 2. Kerrville HighSchool. of study for the ornithologist. So unbounded are the possibilities of 3. Kerrville City Hall. sports and recreation that not one moment of the day will hang 4. BluebonnetHotel. heavily on the hands of the vacationist. At the same time those who 5. A river scene near Kerrville. 6. Oneof the thousandsof deer that roamthe hills of Kerr County. wish may find rest and quitude in this nature-favored section in 7. Schreiner Institute and Junior College. pleasant contrast with the hustle and bustle of everyday life. 8. Municipal swimmingpool. Within the Kerrville area will be found accommodations to 9. A typical ranch scene of Kerr County. suit a wide range of individual requirements, ranging from modest 10. A scene at one of the manygirls" campsnear Kerrville. 32 May, 1943 Houston PORT BOOK 33 May, 1943 34 Houston PORT BOOK

inhaled the incense of burning cedar around a campfire and heard the bugle-like notes of a startled buck deer’s warning call to his mate, or experienced the mesmeric spell of a big gobbler’s "putt- putt" echoing from a thicket. As one of the Southwest’s outstanding junior colleges, the splendid facilities of Schreiner Institute have attracted cultural groups to Kerrville in the past and the number availing themselves Talk to a of the contacts with such groups is rapidly growing. In addition several camps along the Guadalupe River west of Kerrville have developed this phase of our vacationland. Here are to be found summer study groups advancing their knowledge of music, art and dramatic training. Here the vacationist will find on the guest and dude ranches a taste of the realities of ranch life with a glamour and romance Layne-Texas to be found only in this setting. Long horseback rides, meals out in the open around the campfire and the excitement of playing at "being a ranch-hand" attract an increasing number of men and women, offering a happy contrast to a more sedentary mode of vacationing. man about water Kerrville enjoys an elevation of from 1,000 to 1,500 feet greater elevation than the major area of Texas. This elevation com- bined with an extremely low humidity figure and moderate temper- atures make for an ideal summer climate. Nights in the Hill Country are always cool. Average daily temperature for the three Wherever you locate in Texas we summer months is 79.8 degrees, as indicated by the United States have all the information concern- Weather Bureau for an average of 40 years. ing available water supply. For NOTE: Ye Editor, raised in the Hill Country, arriving in Kerrville ahead of the railroad in 1888, can vouch for the wonder- more than a third century we have ful climate, beautiful scenery from river to mountain, and the warmhospitality of its citizens. First tasting printer’s ink and hunt- been developing water systems ing for "type lice" on the "Kerrville Eye," he has a warn, place in for municipalities and industries. his heart for "them thar hills" and tries to get back at least once a year/o fill his lungs with the health giving ozone the above article tells about. We have recently furnished the Charles Crolty, water system for many Army Assistant Port Director. Camps and Defense Industries in the state.

Our geologists know the location and conditions of water strata. Our engineers have the methods and means of producing water in desired volume.

For water information in Texas, write

LAYNE-TEXAS CO. "World’s Largest Water Developers" CROWNCENTRAL PETROLEUM C0RR HOUSTON HOUSTON, T EXA$ DALLAS Houston Shipbuilding Corporation Celebrates First Anniversary

N MARCH29, 1943, the Houston Shipbuilding Corporation, O located at Irish Bend Island on the H3uston Ship Channel, celebrated the first anniversary of the launching of the S.S. SAMHOUSTON, first Liberty cargo ship to be built at the Yard. This occasion was marked by the launching of the S.S. RICHARDS. EWELL, 49th ship in the past twelve months to follow this first Texas-buih Liberty ship into the waters of the Ship Channel. The past year of activity at Irish Bend has been marked by many construction improvements and time-saving methods. These have resulted in a decrease in time from keel laying to launching by 213 days. The SAMHOUSTON was on the ways 254 days and the EWELLwas launched after only 41 days on the ways. Time on the outfitting dock has also been greatly decreased due to advanced building methods which have resulted in bringing each ship nearer to completion before it goes into the water. The second year of construction promises even further reduc- tion in building time due to a new assembly line system recently inaugurated by Vice President and Works Manager Ross Copeland. The building record already made has won for the Company the coveted United States Maritime Commission "M" Pennant for production and the additional awards of three gold stars. In the past year the number of employees has almost doubled and the ability of many of these men and womenhas been increased by various training courses in shipbuilding methods conducted at the Yard. This great Texas industry is a subsidiary of the Todd Shipyards Corporation and was organized for the purpose of build- ing a large number of EC2 cargo vessels, known as Liberty ships, under the Maritime Commission’s Emergency Wartime Shipbuild- ing Program. Two welders at work on innerbottom sections being built on the slab.

Left: A lower fore peak section under construction on the slab at Houston Shipbuilding Corporation, Irish Bend Island. Right: Two of the big gantry cranes move toward the hull with a heavy lift.

35 May, 1943 36 Houston PORT BOOK

PORT OF HOUSTON TARIFF

The Port of Houston contains five active terminal companiessoliciting and handling pub- lic freight. THE NAVIGATION DISTRICT Owns and controls eighteen berths LONG REACH SHIPSIDE TERMINAL HOUSTON COMPRESS COMPANY Have eight berths MANCHESTER TERMINAL CORPORATION Have four ship’s berths SHIP CHANNEL COMPRESS COMPANY (Sprunts Docks) Have two ship’s berths HOUSTON BARGE TERMINAL SHIPSIDE CONTRACTING COMPANY Barge berths on light draft channel All operations on these rail-water terminals in the Port of Houstonare carried on under the provisions of tariff published by the NavigationDistrict, whichtariff is concurred in by the four private terminal companiesabove named. This tariff contains thirteen sections, as follows: SECTION ONE Preliminary SECTION TWO Regulations Governing Use of Waterways SECTION THREE Regulations GoverningUse of Facilities SECTION FOUR Dockage SECTION FIVE Shed Hire SECTION SIX Wharfage SECTION SEVEN Free Time and Penalty SECTION EIGHT Freight Handling Machinery SECTION NINE Miscellaneous Charges SECTION TEN Vegetable Oil Handling Plant SECTION ELEVEN Houston Public Grain Elevator SECTION TWELVE Loading and Unloading SECTION THIRTEEN Unloading, Holding in Stock Piles, and Reloading Government Freight On these five terminals are five carloading contractors, all under agreement with the Port Lines Committee,representing all railroads in the Port of Houston, to carry on the carload- ing and unloading operation of absorbed freight at rates specified in Texas Lines Tariff. The tariff and all supplements governing terminal operations in the port may be secured by interested parties writing Port Commission,5th Floor, Civil Courts Bldg., Houston, Texas. PORT NOTES

Colonel Saville Promoted ¯ ¯ ¯ States, and Mrs. Loudon. They were welcomed to the City by members of the Consular Corps, and representatives of the Cham- Effective April 5, Lt. Col. Wilson G. Saville, United States ber of Commerce.Several days were spent in this vicinity inspecting District Engineer, Galveston, Texas, who succeeded Col. L. H. the port and many war industrial plants. Hewitt, was promoted to the rank of full Colonel. Col. Saville came to Galveston in March, 1942, and was made District Engineer in December. He was a Major at the time he Ye Editors Go to Town ¯ ¯ ¯ came to Galveston. The Texas Gulf Coast Press Association held its annual con- vention in Houston April 16-17 and varied its program by a first- hand check-up of the War Effort in this section of the Gulf Coast. Texas Shipbuilding Company The principal speaker was Capt. Leland P. Lovette, U. S. Navy, Constructs New Plant ¯ ¯ ¯ Director of Public Relations, Navy Department, who came from Washington in Secretary Frank Knox’s special plane, accompanied The new plant of the Texas Shipbuilding Company, located by Commander W. G. Beecher, Jr., of Washington, and Com- on Green’s Bayou, is rapidly nearing completion with the installa- mander James G. Stahlman, of New Orleans. tion of two marine railways, the larger one being capable of Hon. Price Daniel, Speaker, Texas House of Representatives handling large tugs and barges and the smaller one for the use and Editor of the "Liberty Vindicator," was President of the of small craft and pleasure boats. The wood-working and machine Association and presided at all meetings. shop fully equipped with wood-working machinery, drill presses, After an address by Capt. Lovette Friday morning, the delegates welding and cutting machines and all such equipment necessary were conveyed by large busses to the Brown Shipyard to witness for an active construction and repair yard have been installed. the launching of Destroyer Escort U.S.S. "CAMP,"christened by Material is being assembled and construction will soon be Mrs. Robert B. Camp, mother of Ensign Jack Hill Camp, who lost underway for a number of vessels to be used by the Federal his life in the country’s service in the South Pacific. After the Government, this plant being designated as Maritime Commission launching and inspecting the entire ship building plant, the party Yard No. 21. boarded a fleet of yachts and launches for a trip on the Houston In view of the need for a large number of small craft such Ship Channel, finally landing at the San Jacinto Battlefield. as launches, life-boats, etc., the Texas Shipbuilding Companyhas About two hours were spent in touring the Battleground and decided to retain and operate its original plant at 7324 Long Drive inspecting the Monument and Museum of Texas War Relics, where they now have a complete shop for small boat construction. winding up with a dinner at the famous San Jacinto Inn. President E. C. Barkley and General Manager E. B. Zinnecker The Convention was later addressed by General A. R. Knicker- have planned a long range program for peace time operation of bocker, Adjutant General of Texas. Mr. Fred A. Hannah, Secretary- both plants, as they are looking forward to a very great demand Treasurer of the Association, managed all details of the Convention. for tugs, barges and small craft to be used on the inland water- ways as soon as the war is over; and, therefore, the plant has been constructed with a view to permanency and with ample space for H.R. SaffordDies ¯ ¯ ¯ future expansion. Harry Robinson Safford, Sr., Executive Vice President of the Missouri Pacific Lines, and Member of Board of Control of the Netherlands Ambassador Visits Houston ¯ ¯ ¯ Port Terminal Railroad Association, passed away on April 10th at Hot Springs, Arkansas, where he had gone for a few days rest. Houston was signally honored on March 6th by the visit of Mr. Safford at 68 was very active in railroad management of Dr. Alexander Loudon, Netherlands Ambassador to the United the various subsidiaries of the Missouri Pacific Lines and their

Cable and Telegraphic Address "TERMINAL"Houston Texas Transport & Terminal Company, Inc. REGULAR STEAMSHIP SERVICE TO THE PRINCIPAL PORTS IN EUROPE AND THE ORIENT OFFICES: OFFICES: NewYork, N. Y. Philadelphia,Pa. Cotton Exchange Building Ne~Orleans, La. Galveston,Texas Baltimore,Md. Charleston,S.C. HOUSTON, TEXAS Houston,Texas Savannah,Ga. Dallas,Texas CorpusChristi, Texas vv~w~v~vv~vvvwvvvwv~v~v~vv~wv~vv_wv~vvwv~ VVV~V~VTVW~W~VWV~

37 38 Houston PORT BOOK May, 1943 allied interests and in civic affairs of Houstonand the Southwest. Port Publication ¯ ¯ ¯ He was a civil engineer graduate of Purdue University, and just recently was awarded a life membershipin the AmericanSociety The Port of New Orleans now has a most attractive and of Civil Engineers, of which he had been a memberfor over 25 informative monthly publication called the "New Orleans Port years. Record" which was started in September 1942. The magazine of Mr. Safford represented the Missouri Pacific Lines on the about 40 pages is full of descriptive articles, news notes of the Board of Control of the Port Terminal Railroad Association and port and its personalities with numerousillustrations of shipping, was very active in promoting development on the waterway. and groups of visitors. A special feature is the Spanish language In his passing Houstonhas lost one of its outstanding citizens section of editorials and personalities devoted to our Latin- and industrial leaders. Americanneighbors to the south. The magazine is sponsored by the Board of Commissioners, Port of NewOrleans, Hon. Lester F. Alexander, President, and New Missouri Pacific Official ¯ ¯ ¯ edited by Mr. Will Branan. Paul J. Neff, of St. Louis, and a former Houstonian, has been "Recollection of an Old Timer" by Hon. Tiley S. McChesney, appointed Senior Executive Assistant in charge of the Gulf Coast Advisor to the Board of Commissioners, whohas served the port Lines and International-Great Northern Railroad and as Executive since 1887, gives one a delightful picture of early happenings on Assistant of the Missouri Pacific Railroad to succeed the late H. R. the river and the steps taken in the developmentof the Port. Safford, according to announcement by L. W. Baldwin, Chief Executiveof the MissouriPacific Lines at St. Louis. Petroleum Products Pipe Line ¯ ¯ ¯ Mr. Neff, a railroad man of wide experience, is well known in Texas through service on the Frisco, International-Great North- The Defense Plant Corporation, through the War Emergency ern and Missouri Pacific Lines, and in recent years handling bus Pipelines, Inc., is constructing a 20 inch pipe line from the transportation in connection with and extension of rail service. He Houston-Texas City Area to Seymour, Indiana. The various was located in" Houstonfor several years in the early 1920’s and gathering lines to Gulf Coast refineries are nowbeing laid and gained manyfriends in the transportation lines and in civic affairs. Petrcleum Administrator Harold L. Ickes states that the line will Mr. and Mrs. Neff have movedback and are again making Houston be in operation before the end of the year, including the extension their home. eastward to the Atlantic Coast. This line will be used to pumprefined and semi-refined oil products from our huge refining center of Houston and Beaumont More New Ships ¯ ¯ ¯ to the east and relieve the acute shortage that existed during the The Martime Commissionannounces a new award of contract past winter. A deep trench is to be dug across the ship channel in for 61 cargo ships to the HoustonShipbuilding Corporation. Captain whichto lay the pipes well belowthe keels of vessels. Arthur Stout, President of the H3uston Shipbuilding Corporation, states that 49 of the vessels will be of the Victory type and 12 of Intracoastal Canal ¯ ¯ ¯ the Liberty type. This award brings to 161 the number of ships to be constructed by this yard, manyof which are nowin active Traffic over the Intracoastal Canal continues very active and an almost continuous stream of tugs and barges are movingon the service. waterway extending from Corpus Christi to Florida, and the numerous"feeders," or tributaries, such as Houston, receive and E. A. Peden to Be Honored ¯ ¯ ¯ send out thousands of tons of cargo. Announcementhas just been made by the Maritime Commis- The improvementprogram increasing width and depth is now sion that one of the new Liberty ships constructed at Irish Bend actively underway, with several huge dredges cutting a channel by the Houston Shipbuilding Corporation will be named for the 125 feet wide and 12 feet deep. late E. A. Peden. Mr. Peden, an outstanding citizen of Houston, and State of Fresh Water Supply ¯ ¯ ¯ Texas, served as Chairmanof the Navigation District Commission from May29, 1922, to October 13, 1924, whenpress of his busi- Houston’s industrial area is nowassured of an ample supply ness as President of the Peden Iron & Steel Companyforced him to of fresh water as it is nowflowing in an open canal from a point well up on the San Jacinto River to the Baytownarea east of the resign. During the first World War, Mr. Peden was the Federal river, and will soon be delivered through the west canal to area Food Administrator for Texas, and in 1928 was awarded the first medal by the Rotary Club of Houston as Houston’s leading citizen just below the city where it will be piped under the channel in public affairs. The perpetuation of his nameon one of Houston through the ChampionPaper & Fibre Companytunnel. built cargo ships is an honor well deserved. This river water will supplement the underground artesian

STATES MARINE CORPORATION i STEAMSHIP OWNERS, OPERATORS, AGENTS AND BROKERS [] HOUSTON NEW YORK -- NORFOLK ~ NEWORLEANS -- General Agents U. S. ATLANTICAND GULF PORTS for SIR WILLIAM REARDON SMITH AND SONS, LTD. CARDIFF LONDON May, 1943 Houston PORT BOOK 39

supply now being pumped by the hundreds of deep wells in the city and by the various large industries. New industries along the waterway are thus assured of a supply for their greatest needs.

Houston Cotton Man Honored ¯ ¯ ¯ R. DowErnst has just been elected President of the National Cotton Compress and Cotton Warehouse Association. Mr. Ernst has been President of the Manchester Terminal Corporation for several years, and was Vice President and Manager when the plant began operation in 1927, and he has always been very active in Houston civic and Maritime affairs.

Navy Sub-Board at Houston ¯ ¯ ¯ The importance of Houston as a shipbuilding center was further emphasized by the determination of the Navy to establish a Sub-board of inspection and survey with offices in the Niels Esperson Building. This inspection board is charged principally with taking new vessels out on trial runs for test of construction, efficiency and equipment. This Houston office will be in charge of Commander S. A. Maher, who is senior member, assisted by Lt. Commander E. S. Moale and Lt. B. L. Stovall, in charge of engineering, and Lt. W. N. Ginn, Jr., recorder and junior member. Numerouscivilian assistants New type "’WarBabies" being built at Houston by the will complete the organization of the Sub-board. Port Houston Iron Works

Service Tugs ¯ ¯ ¯ immediately supervises this activity on all the wharves and docks of the Navigation District under the supervision of Terminal A large number of service tugs of various sizes are being Superintendent A. B. Landram. built in the ship yards of Houston and can be seen in increasing numbers towing barges on our inland waterways and rendering excellent service as marine "switch-engines." New Navy Supervisor for Brown Shipyard ¯ ¯ ¯ The Brown yard has been expanded to such an extent that Carloading and Car Unloading Contract ¯ ¯ ¯ it now ranks as one of first importance in the naval shipbuilding program; and, therefore, the Navy has assigned Capt. DeWitt For twelve years the Navigation District carried on nego- Clinton Redgrave, Jr., to take over active duties as general tiations with the railroads in order to work out a proper carloading supervisor of the entire yard. and unloading contract on the tracks constructed by the Navi- Captain Redgrave graduated from the Naval Academy in 1920 gation District, but leased to the railroads. Through the cooper- and has been on sea duty on various vessels as well as on many ation of the executives of the railroads, such a contract was home and foreign stations in naval construction and repair work. completed and entered into, effective April 1st, and is being He is a grandson of the late General H. M. Roberts, Corps of administered by the Navigation District on rates, rules and Engineers, who was well known to Texans as designer and con- practices specified in the contract. suiting engineer of the Galveston seawall, and who, as Division This is the first attempt to secure uniformity on these rail- Engineer of the Southwest, or Gulf Division, in 1895-97 recom- road tracks on this all-important matter, and in order to carry it mended the improvement of the Houston Ship Channel. out efficiently the Navigation District has purchased new equip- Captain Redgrave has been awarded the Victory Medal, the ment and employed one of the most experienced carloaders and Atlantic Fleet Clasp and the American Defense Service Medal. car unloaders in this district, Mr. Richard R. Olmsted, who Lieut. Commander M. I. Kearns, who has been Acting Super-

W. D. HADEN W.A. WANSLEY J.R. GUYl’ON R.J. WALES President Vice-President Tre~$. & Vice-Pres. Secy. & Gem M.qr.

HOUSTON TOWING COMPANY SEA, HARBOR AND COASTW~ISE TOWING

811 Cotton Exchange Bldg. Phone Capitol 6231

HOUSTON, TEXAS

DockPhone: W 6-0059 Night Phones:Hadley 863S--Wayside 1335 40 Houston PORT BOOK May, 1943 BUSINESS BAROMETER OF HOUSTON FOR THE YEAR 1942 Real Estate Customs Bank Clearings Postal Receipts Building Permits Transfers Collections TOTAL...... $3,878,310,788 $3,568,706.81 $11,292,009 $33,401,745 $1,532,682.40

FOR THE FIRST FOUR MONTHS OF 1943

Real Estate Customs Bank Clearings Postal Receipts Building Permits Transfers Collections January ...... $ 364,984,351 $ 300,832.67 $ 125,565 $ 2,051,463 $ 94,816.83 February ...... 324,186,514 290,617.01 63,105 1,981,908 128,719.86 March ...... 397,794,317 334,633.88 3,429,310 2,616,251 183,846.10 April ...... 377,965,417 323,886.83 173,765 2,343,525 177,704.33 TOTAL...... $1,464,930,599 $1,249,970.39 $ 3,791,745 $ 8,993,147 $ 585,087.12

visor since establishment of the Brown yard, will continue as They were accompanied by the following Houston Citizens assistant to Captain Redgrave. and Representatives of the Chamber of Commerce: Name Representing L. A. Godbold Hughes Tool Company Gameand Fisheries Committeeof State W. R. Crute Champion Paper & Fibre Co. Legislature Inspect Channel ¯ ¯ " G. C. Childress Houston Packing Company James A. Mabery Chamber of Commerce The State Legislature is checking the adequacy of present laws J. A. Sieferth Chamber of Commerce and regulations governing the pollution of navigable and fresh On this trip they had an opportunity to see the great develop- water streams throughout the State with a view of safeguarding ment that had been taking place in recent years and to observe the health of the citizens of the State and the protection of life and huge shipbuilding and war industry plants in active operation. property from oil pollution where oils are allowed to escape into the streams, and also to prevent the destruction of fish and other marine life in our coastal waters. The following committee made a thorough inspection of the BUILDING PERMITS ] Houston Ship Channel on April 3rd, traversing the waterway from the turning basin to San Jacinto Battleground on the Port Commis- HOUSTON, TEXAS---(1913-1942) sion Launch R. J. CUMMINS: Compiled by Research and Statistics Department, Houston Chamber of Commerce Name Representing City Cecil Story 6th Legislative Dist. Longview, Tex. 1913 $ 4,965,635 1928 $35,319,503 E. H. Lassiter 8th Legislative Dist. Henderson, Tex. 1914 3,250,739 1929 29,526,810 Jack Cross 35th Legislative Dist. Mt. Pleasant, Tex. 1915 1,797,094 1930 17,616,202 L. W. Harris 59th Legislative Dist. Whitney, Tex. 1916 3,086,870 1931 11,701,491 Dan Dove 61st Legislative Dist. Mexia, Tex. 1917 3,124,327 1932 2,873,130 Durwood Manford 67th Legislative Dist. Smiley, Tex. 1918 2,270,649 1933 3,224,449 J. A. Stanford 82nd Legislative Dist. Austin, Tex. 1919 6,861,619 1934 4,812,565 Harry Davis 83rd Legislative Dist. Boerne, Tex. 1920 8,531,447 1935 6,961,396 Frank Svadlenak 83rd Legislative Dist. Thrall, Tex. 1921 10,398,295 1936 18,493,379 Chas. V. Lansberry 84th Legislative Dist. Round Rock, Tex. 1922 13,390,469 1937 18,606,763 Claude Gilmer 86th Legislative Dist. Rock Springs, Tex. 1923 19,117,106 1938 25,052,323 B. J. Summers 91st Legislative Dist. Big Springs, Tex. 1924 17,216,259 1939 26,737,228 Dann Kirby El Paso Legislative Dist. El Paso, Tex. 1925 35,040,550 1940 24,253,888 Pat H. Geraughty Navarro County Corsicana, Tex. 1926 28,512,805 1941 19,218,676 Emmett Boyett Sergeant at Arms Austin, Tex. 1927 27,326,475 1942 11,292,009 John Beemer Clerk, House of Repre- Austin, Tex. sentatives Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. LE LI ES Intracoastal Waterways Service FLORIDA, ALABAMA, MISSISSIPPI, LOUISIANA, TEXAS PORTS DEBARDELEBEN COAL CORPORATION New Orleans Houston - Birmingham - Mobile New York Launching--An Ancient Rite

Reprinted from "SHIPS" Published by National Council o~ American Shipbuilders

’O MOREDRAMATIC spectacle exists than the launch- than the use of blood from a human sacrifice! At first, the wine ing of a great ship: it is an event filled with color, excite- was not spilled on the vessel but lifted in a good-luck toast as the N ment, suspense. Few modern rites, aside from those of a ship slid down the ways. religious origin, have a background of 4,000 years--yet the cere- mony of launching a ship reaches that far back into recorded When champagne became widely known, it was substituted history. for wine since it was more costly and, therefore, held in higher esteem. It’s a five-hour job fully to dress a champagne bottle that Humansacrifice, the spilling of blood, incantations by high is going to attend a launching. The bottle is fitted with a priests, undoubtedly marked the first launching ceremonies. The "tuxedo" which consists of a 1/16-inch flexible mesh holding gods, it was hoped, would be propitiated by such rites. Later, the jacket; this prevents the glass from flying in the face of the fair Romans and Greeks used water as a token of purification in the feminine sponsor and the spectators. In addition, the bottle is impressive priestly blessing of the ship, its officers, crew members, securely fastened to a double, 60-foot red, white and blue bunting passengers and cargo. In the Middle Ages, religious shrines were of grosgrain cloth now getting most difficult to secure. While the placed aboard ship and effigies were carved on the figureheads and champagne is wasted on the ship’s prow, the dress bottle is saved the ceremonies became entirely religious in character. and presented to the sponsor. In Tudor days, the launching ceremony took place after the The honor of naming a ship was a masculine prerogative until ship was in the water. A King’s lieutenant would then appear, it was broken by an English prince in the 19th century who con- announced by a fitting fanfare of trumpets. With great and solemn ceived the idea of appointing ladies from the court to act as dignity he was escorted to the vessel, seated in an ornate chair on sponsors. the poop and presented with a goblet made of precious metal and filled with red wine. The official would sip critically of the wine, Generally speaking, sponsors are relatives of the ship’s owner, politely speak the name of the new ship, wishing her good luck and or descendants of some distinguished person for whomthe ship is godspeed. Then he would spill a little of the red wine on the being named or having some close association with the name freshly scoured deck, marking precisely the four points of the selected. compass. He would then drink the King’s health. He next would Soon after the United States entered the war, the Government dramatically toss the goblet over the side and leave the ship. ordered that there should be no more launching ceremonies when The crowd waited until the golden goblet touched the water, ships built to further the war effort hit the water. Since then, then tried to salvage it. The goblets were usually of gold and however, the order has been modified. England once officially shipwrights, not the King, supplied them. The expense irked the banned launching ceremonies only to discover that the ship shipbuilders. They decided that they would salvage the cup them- workers, feeling that there should be some crowning and open selves. This they accomplished by arranging a net around the ship, acknowledgement of a task well done, conducted their own modest greatly to the indignation of the populace. The King expressed but crude launching ceremony, even clubbing together to buy the royal sorrow and anger over the ruse and decreed the goblet to be bottle of wine. The Admiralty noted this attitude and recognized crown property. The row waxed so hot that launching ceremonies the patriotism of the men by making the launching ceremonies were terminated until the advent of Charles II, who issued a decree again official in character. that the launching goblet be presented to the master shipbuilder of The same spirit exists today. Men who have built the ships the yard. feel that it is fitting that some formal ceremony mark a launching. Red wine, because it has been symbolic of blood, was long Today’s launching ceremonies are brief but impressive. While their identified with ship launchings, certainly a less sanguinary practice frequency is on the increase, a launching always remains a thrilling and inspiring sight. INTRACOASTALTOWING & TRANSPORTATIONDIVISION OF AMERICANREPUBLICS CORPORATION Cable Address PEI"ANK TUG CALL _ _. GENERAL HARBOR LIGHTERING AND COASTWISE AND OIL TOWING A COASTWISETOWI N G SPECIALTY

Telephones: ~ Preston 2181 Wydown 9-2512 ( Preston 2977 Night Phones: Lehigh 8780 505 PETROLEUMBUILDING, HOUSTON, TEXAS

41 May, 1943 42 Houston PORT BOOK CHANNEL PILOTAGE AND CHARGES HOUSTON PILOTS Galveston Offices: Houston Offices: Telephone: Capitol 9451 1206 United States National Bank Building 1524-25 Niels Esperson Bldg. Night No.: Hadley 6876 Telephone 2-2011

Pilot boats: Houston Pilots Nos. 1 and 2--Meet vessels at outer entrance Galveston jetties. $5.50 per foot draft Fromsea to Houston,or vice versa--Foreign vessels and Americanvessels fromforeign ports ...... 3.25 per foot draft to Baytown,or vice versa--Americancoastwise vessels only ...... 3.50 per foot draft FromFr°mseaSea to Lynchburgand Shell Oil Wharfor vice versa--Americancoastwise vessels only..-vesl-eis-on-l- ...... y...... 3.75 per foot draft From sea to Norsworthy, Crown, Texas, Sinclair and Gulf or vice versa--American coastw’se s 4.00 per foot draft to all otherTerminals above---American coastwise vessels only ...... ShiftingFrom sea Whe~Ppilot i p detained aboard" vessel in Bolivar Roads for convemences of vessel, a charge of $10.00 for first hour4.00 andper foot$5.00 draft for From Bolivar" Roads to Houston, or vice versa--a l"1 "vessels ...... 20.00 per ship ¯ " fromierto ier ...... : ...... ¯ each hour thereafter will be charged against vessel. NOTE:These charges are subject to revision. TUG BOAT TARIFF FOR HOUSTON SHIP CHANNEL NOTE INCREASE IN RATES EFFECTIVE OCTOBER 1, 1941 Suderman & Young, Cotton Exchange Building, Houston, Texas. Schedule of Tug Boat Houston Towing Company, 811 Cotton Exchange Building, Houston, Texas. Operators Intracoastal Towing & Transportation Company, Petroleum Building, Houston, Texas. Bay Towing Company, 811 Cotton Exchange Building, Houston Texas. With DOCKING AND UNDOCKING BETWEEN own power Docking or Off Docking at all points between Manchester Terminaland Turning Basin, both inclusive ...... $ 55.00 San Jacinto Ordnance Depot and Houston Shipbuilding Docking or Undocking at points below Manchester to Nors- Corporation take the same rates as Shell¯ 65.00 $205.00 worthy,inclusive ...... Morgan’sPoint and Shell ...... Docking or Off Docking at points below Norsworthy to Morgan’sPoint and Baytown ...... 120.00 Morgan’sPoint, inclusive ...... 95.00 BolivarRoads and Morgan’sPoint ...... 240¯00 BolivarRoads and Baytown ...... 245.00 MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES BolivarRoads and Shell ...... 305.00 Furnishing Steam: Per hour or fractional part, including 290.00 running time to and from ship: Galvestonand Baytown ...... $ 50.00 Houstonand Shell ...... 120.00 DayTime ...... NightTime ...... 35.00 TexasCity and Baytown ...... 290¯00 105.00 A charge of $100.00 in addition to regular rate will be made Houstonto Norsworthy,Crown, Galena, Sinco ...... when voyage is not completed on day of starting. Houstonand Penn City ...... 120.00 Pulling on ships aground: Houstonand Lynchburg ...... 205.00 Whentug engaged in assisting steamer, 1 hour free pulling Galvestonand Houston ...... 395¯00 time; each succeeding hour or fractional part ...... 50.00 BolivarRoads and Houston ...... 345.00 When tug is not engaged in assisting steamer: TexasCity and Houston ...... 395.00 Firsthour ...... 65.00 Morgan’sPoint and Houston ...... 240.00 Eachsucceeding hour or fractional part ...... 50.00 Houstonand Baytown ...... 215.00 Running time chargeable¯ BaytownandShell ...... 120.00 The above rates to apply for a single tug. Norsworthy, Crown, Galena, Sinco, Clinton, Manchester Tugs ordered to stand by but not put to work will be charged take same rates as Houston from above points. for the same as if pulling. Above Charges include Docking or Undocking. Rates for towing dead ships between points on Houston Ship Chan- Shifting vessels between docks at Manchester Terminal nel, other than above specified, will be charged for on andTurning Basin, both inclusive ...... $ 75.00 "pulling time basis¯" SecondTug ...... 65.00 All towed vessels to furnish towing hawsers. Shifting vessels between points below Manchester to Nors- Holding vessels off Dock and Redocking between Manchester and worthy,inclusive ...... 105.00 Turning Basin, both inclusive, shifting rates to apply. SecondTug ...... 100.00 Shifting vessels from one point to another on the same DETENTION dock between points below Manchester Terminal to Baytown,inclusive ...... 90.00 Detention caused by vessel not being ready when tug ordered to be SecondTug ...... 85.00 charged for at $25.00 per hour, with one hour free time allowed. NOTE:These rates are subject to revision. Houston Mooring CompanyRate of Charges for Mooring and Unmooring Vessels Office: 7437 Canal Street Telephone: Wayside4488

Contract and charges made for mooring or unmooring vessels Charge of $8.00 for the entire service of shifting a vessel be- between the Maritime Committee and the Houston Mooring tween any points in the Channel. Turning Basin to Manchester Company. Terminal Docks, included. For the purposes of this contract, the Itouston Ship Channel A charge of $10.00 for mooring.and unmooring for all wharves from Houston Turning Basin to Norsworthy Dock shall be the below Manchester Terminal, any raze vessel. total territory served by Houston Mooring Company. A charge of $10.00 for releasing a vessel at all wharves below DOCKING AND UNDOCKING Manchester Terminal. A charge of $7.00 for mooring or unmooring vessels at any place in the Channel between the Turning Basin and Manchester Termi- A charge of $15.00 for shifting a vessel from wharf to wharf at all points below Manchester Terminal. nal Docks, inclusive. NOTE:These charges are subject to revision. HOUSTON MOORING COMPANY AND MARITIME COMMITTEE OF THE HOUSTON COTTON EXCHANGE AND BOARD OF TRADE Texas House Boosts New Industries

ill: I oIio\vlxc, resolution passed by the Texas Legislature conscious, that we may come to a realization of the importance T calls attention to the industrial possibilities of the State for of our natural resources to the future economic develapment Post War development: of this state. "AUSTIN, Feb. 21--(Sp)--A resolution urging greater en- MONTG()MEI{Y, 1 If)WAR1), couragement be given toward bringing new industries to Texas BUNDY, GOO1)MAN of Midland, has been adopted by the State House of Representatives after being submitted by Representative William C. Montgomery of Houston. CARRINGTON, HOYO, KIRBY <’Text of the resolution, H. C. R. No. 32, follows: *Be it resolved by the House of Representatives, the Senate concurring: In Houston, Texas it’s ’That whereas, The State of Texas is a storehouse of natural wealth in the form of natural resources; and "Whereas, These natural resources, mineral, forest, agri- SAM REALTY CO. cultural and livestock, are the basis on which a huge industrial FOR program can be formed; and ’Whereas, It is most urgent that the State of Texas full), Real Estate, Rentals, Loans realize the importance of providing employnlent for men now in the armed services when they return to civilian life; and and Investments ’Whereas, After the last World War it has been estimated that over 1,000,000 increase in population came to the State 56 Years in Houston of Texas as a result of the boys who trained here and finally 220 Binz Bldg. made this their permanent home; and Preston 0221 ’Whereas, It is expected that with the much larger num- HOUSTON, TEXAS JAKE SAM bers of servicemen now being trained in Texas, and with the huge influx of war workers into this state during this emergency, the population of the state will probably increase some 3,000,000 souls after the peace; and ’Whereas, It has been proved to be both a military and economic mistake to concentrate industries on the Atlantic ServingIndustry in Houslonand Trade Territory for seaboard, which concentration has resulted in the sinking of MoreThan 25 Years our tankers, and people having to go cold in the Eastern states, and in a transportation bottleneck, and in the closing down and delaying of industry working on war contracts through lack of fuel; and ’Whereas, The State of Texas has the natural resources, FOUNDERS MACHINISTS the fuel, the power, transportation facilities and intelligent labor, all of which are the basis of a successful industrialization ENGINEERS plan; ’Now there be it Resolved by the House of Representa- tives of the State of Texas, the Senate Concurring, That every encouragement should be given to those movements which have for their objectives the bringing of industry to the State HOUSTON FOUNDRY of Texas, which are to be based on the industrialization of our natural resources; and & MACHINE CO. ’Be it further resolved, That every encouragement should 2005While Street Houston, Texas Phone Capilol 9787 be extended to the press, the radio and other means of publicity in their efforts to make the people of Texas resource-

AMERICAN GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY Home Office HOUSTON, TEXAS GUS S. WORTHAM ¯ "-President,

BURGLARY AUTOMOBILE TORNADO 43 May, 1943 44 Houston PORT BOOK The Naming of INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS Cargo Ships

Page O MR. CARROLLPERt.Y, in the office of the U. S. Maritime American General Insurance Company ...... 43 Commission, Washington, falls the duty--or privilege--of T selecting the names for the many cargo ships being built 8 Atlantic, Gulf & Pacific Company ...... throughout the United States, and then through the management Champion Paper & Fibre Company, The ...... 1 of the various shipyards arranging for the proper ceremony. City Industrial Gas Co ...... 24 As a rule ships are not named for living persons, but for out- 26 standing citizens who have rendered worthwhile service to the Consolidated Chemical Industries, Inc ...... country, locally or nationally. Coyle Lines ...... 40 Names are submitted to Mr. Perry by various civic and pa- Crown Central Petroleum Corporation ...... 34 triotic organizations and by private citizens, with such data as 25 they have to support the claim for recognition, and after tentative Esperson Industrial Corporation ...... selection of a name is made, a careful investigation is instituted to General American Tank Storage Terminals ...... Cover 2 determine all facts and the merits of the case. Gulf Oil Corporation ...... 9 Relatives or very close friends are then asked to sponsor the vessel and take part in the christening. Harrisburg Machine Company, Inc ...... 27 As both Houston and the State of Texas has had such a color- 8 Hou;tton Compress Company ...... ful history and so many of its citizens have rendered conspicuous Houston Foundry ¯ Machine Co ...... 43 service, there will be no difficulty in naming all the Houston-built ships for Texans who well deserve this honor. Houston Industrial Gas Company ...... 24 Houston Lighting & Power Company ...... 5 Houston Milling Company ...... 2 "Plumbing ° Industrial "Piping ° Heating Houston Packing Company ...... 4 Sewage Systems Houston Pilots ...... 9 Houston Pipe Line Company ...... 12 T.E WARREN COMPANY, INC. CONTRACTORS Housten Shipbuilding Corporation ...... 10 614 WALKER AVE. Houston Towing Company ...... 39 Est. I9I PHONE F. 1163 Humble Oil ¯ Refining Company ...... 22 HOUSTON, TEXAS 4 Intracoastal Towing ¯ Transportation Division ...... 41 Jones, W. L., & Son ...... 26 Layne-Texas Company ...... " ...... 34 SOUTHERnCOMPRESS & WliREHOUSE CO. TURNING BASIN PLANT Lykes Bros. Steamship Co., Inc ...... Cover 4 HOUSTON, TEXAS Manchester Terminal Corporation ...... 24 National Bank of Commerce, The ...... 6 Norris, W. H., Lumber Company ...... 25 LocatedAdjacent to Wharves7 and 8 Patrick Transfer ¯ Storage Company ...... 30 of the Navigation District Peden Iron ¯ Steel Co ...... 28 23 Port Houston Iron Works, Inc ...... OFFICE LOCATED AT PLANT - PHONE WAYSIDE 4101 River Terminals Corporation ...... 25 Sam Realty Company ...... 43 Sheffield Steel Corporation ...... Cover 3 Shell Oil Company, Incorporated ...... 2 Southern Compress ~ Warehouse Co ...... 44 Standard Dredging Corporation ...... 3 TheHouston PortBook States Marine Corporation ...... 38 Steinberg Dredging Company ...... 4 IS PRINTED IN HOUSTON, TEXAS, BY Texas Shipbuilding Company ...... 26 Texas Transport ¯ Terminal Company, Inc ...... 37 TheLUebb Prinling Co., Inc. United Gas Pipe Line Company ...... 6 Warren Company, The, Inc ...... 44 542 Merchantsand ManufacturersBuildin8 TheBlue Print for Invasion CALLSFOR MUCHTEXAS STEEL! Ships, landing barges, armored tanks, tank destroyers, guns and armor piercing shells -- these are the major materiel on the blue print for invasion. Without them in great numbers there could be no land invasion. Without invasion global war cannot be ended.

Long before the starting gun was sneak fired at Pearl Harbor, Texas industry was becoming fortified with its own steel production -- then intended for peacetime use only.

After that fateful December seventh, Texas industry, already charged with the high tension current of industrial growth, surged into war production. The Sheffield plant on the ship channel has been operating at capacity for some months to provide Texas with its first fully integrated steel mill, using Texas raw materials and Texas manpower. Soon, upon completion of additional facilities, including a blast furnace and coke ovens to utilize Texas iron ore, the capacity of the plant will be doubled to make a greater Texas contribution to speed the day of victory. Then we will all go back to work producing according to pre-war and post-war blue prints. Sheffield facilities were planned for peacetime produc- tion of steel plates, hot rolled sheets, merchant bars, structural shapes, reinforcing bars, wire rods, smooth wire, nails, barbed wire, woven wire fence, etc. They will be turned to this production to serve Texas, Gulf Coast and export needs, the moment war demands cease.

SHEFFIELD STEEL CORPORATION HOUSTON OF TEXAS TEXAS The Men of Our Merchant Marine

Three or four hundred years ago it took a brave heart to put out to sea. Besides the dangers of storms and calms, privations due to bad food, the prevalence of scurvy and other diseases because of malnutrition, there was an even greater hazard of being attacked by pirates and buccaneers, or the war ships of an enemynation. Since the year 1700, although wars at times have madesailing the broad oceans risky to the vessels of certain nations, for the most part the seas have been comparatively free. Even during the first WorldWar, except for a short intense period of submarine activity, the oceans of the globe were free to most ships. It is only in this war, as it was three hundreds years ago, that there are no "safe" oceans. The freedom of the seas is challenged as never before. Andthe sailors on our merchant ships are true to the tradition of the sea. They are taking greater risks than sailors have ever taken before. They have paid heavily with their lives. They have kept our ships sailing over the seven seas, al- though the odds are heavy against them. Enemysubmarines and planes have taken a terrible toll. Yet our merchant ships have delivered their precious cargoes to Murmansk,to Iran, to Australia, to NewGuinea and to Africa. They have kept the supply lines unbroken. A thrilling chapter in the history of the sea is being written today by the menof America’s merchant marine. In the files in our offices are stories that will thrill the children of the generations to come---stories of courage, of determination and of devotion to duty that equal any of those related in the annals of the sea. Wesalute the "men who go down to the sea in ships." Lykes Bros. Steamship Co., Inc. (OWNERS)

GENERAL OFFICES: New Orleans Houston Galveston NEW YORK OFFICE: 17 Battery Place BRANCH OFFICES Beaumont, Port Arthur, Lake Charles, Dallas, Memphis, Kansas City, Chicago, Tampa and Corpus Christi