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Vessels. He Carelessly Ignored a Petition by Wor¬ Ried Planters for An vessels. He carelessly ignored a petition by wor¬ nor the Pyrates Suppressed unless some of his ried planters for an additional man-of-war for Matys Ships of War be sent hither for that protection. Spotswood felt assured any resur¬ purpose.”18 This desperate plea for help mirrors gence in piracy would take place in the the weak state of colonial defense. Luckily for Caribbean, far away from the tobacco fleets of Spotswood and the colonies, one of the last ves¬ Virginia.12 As the war ended, “some seamen had sels captured by Bellamy carried a cargo of wine. never known anything but life aboard a privateer. As the crew became increasingly intoxicated, Thousands were thrown out of work. Poverty their navigational abilities decreased. The drunk¬ drove them to crime, and experience drove them en crew failed to handle the ship during a storm to piracy. There was no great danger involved in and ran aground near Eastham on Cape Cod. the changeover; guardships were too few and too widely spaced to constitute and real threat.”1^ Spotswood’s plan for cleaning up New Providence and the Caribbean involved reestab¬ Spotswood was correct in his assumption that lishing law and order in the Bahamas. The piracy would flourish in the Caribbean, yet he British government appointed Captain Woodes failed to understand the magnitude of the prob¬ Rogers to be governor of the Bahamas and lem. Within three years of the Treaty of Utrecht, provided him with a small naval and military an estimated 1500 pirates cruised the coast of force. 10 Despite being armed with a naval escort North America. Public hangings proved to be and troops, Rogers’ ace in the hole was a royal a weak deterrent. Many more thousands of proclamation promising pardons for piracies “unknown, and perhaps more adept, pirates” committed before 1718. “It was specified that sought riches in the Caribbean. ^ Spotswood they could surrender to any governor or lieu¬ slowly took notice of the worsening situation, tenant governor in the colonies. This was a particularly at New Providence in the Bahamas, remarkable document in that pirates were forgiv¬ an area lacking governmental administration fol¬ en all murders they had committed, and they lowing the close of the war. “I have receiv’d infor¬ were allowed to retain their accumulated loot. mation upon Oath that a number of profligate In a sense, it was an open admission that the fellows have possess’d themselves of the Island of situation had grown desperate and was out of the Providence. That the Crews . are preparing to control of government.”20 Many pirates surren¬ settle at Providence, and to strengthen themselves dered to wipe their slates clean of crimes. The there against any power that shall attack them. notorious Benjamin Hornigold accepted the Your Lo’ps will be pleas’d to consider the danger¬ royal pardon and was even hired by Rogers to ous Consequences of suffering such a Nest of track down former crewmembers. Yet the num¬ Rogues to settle in the very mouth of the Gulph ber of pirates did not decrease in the slightest; of Florida, where . the whole Trade of this most could not resist the urge to return to piracy. Continent may be endangered if timely measures Many pirates were also logwood cutters, but be not taken to suppress this growing evil.”15 after the Spanish drove out English loggers, they found employment in the Bay of Notorious pirates Captain Samuel Bellamy and Campeche. They rejoined their former mates Benjamin Hornigold led crews from the West and headed to sea. Competition for prizes Indies to Virginia. In March 1717, Bellamy and increased to an alarming degree, and pirates the Whido Galley harassed colonial shipping in crept north to the capes of Virginia. Once again, Virginia.*6 Bellamy focused on incoming vessels merchants dared not venture without a royal with their cargoes of rich, European goods. He escort. Consequently, the British Admiralty and captured the Agnes from Bermuda, a ship laden Lieutenant Governor Spotswood struggled to with rum and sugar, and also attacked the Anne curb piracy in the Caribbean.21 of Glasgow and the Endeavor of Brighton. ^ On 19 April 1717, the Council of Virginia made the If one man stood at the forefront of Spotswood’s following statement: “There is Crusing about the pirate problem, he was Edward Thatch, alias Capes a Ship of 28 Guns and 200 Men formerly Blackbeard the Pirate. During the War of call’d the Widda Galley and also a Sloop of about Spanish Succession, Thatch sailed as a privateer 10 Guns & that divers other Pyrates are likewise out of Kingston, Jamaica, but ultimately signed Expected .... Considering the Inability of this the articles of the company under Benjamin North Carolina Country to Arm out Vessels for the Guard of the Hornigold. Hornigold quickly recognized Maritime History Coast it is not possible the Trade can be protected Thatch’s courage and ability and placed him in 10 Council .
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