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Historical Developments in Public Health and the 21St Century

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Historical Developments in Public Health and the 21St Century CHAPTER 2 Historical Developments in Public Health and the 21st Century James A. Johnson, James Allen Johnson III, and Cynthia B. Morrow LEARNING OBJECTIVES t To better understand the historical context of public health t To gain perspective on the role of public health in society t To grasp the key milestones in the evolution of public health practice and policy t To understand recent reform and its implications for the future of public health Chapter Overview 1VCMJDIFBMUIBENJOJTUSBUJPOBOEQSBDUJDFDPNQSJTFTPSHBOJ[FEFêPSUTUPJNQSPWFUIFIFBMUI PGQPQVMBUJPOT1VCMJDIFBMUIQSFWFOUJPOTUSBUFHJFTUBSHFUQPQVMBUJPOTSBUIFSUIBOJOEJWJEVBMT ɨSPVHIPVUIJTUPSZ QVCMJDIFBMUIFêPSUTIBWFGPDVTFEPOUIFDPOUSPMPGDPNNVOJDBCMFEJTFBTFT SFEVDJOHFOWJSPONFOUBMIB[BSET BOEQSPWJEJOHTBGFESJOLJOHXBUFS#FDBVTFTPDJBM FOWJSPO - NFOUBM BOECJPMPHJDGBDUPSTJOUFSBDUUPEFUFSNJOFIFBMUI QVCMJDIFBMUIQSBDUJDFNVTUVUJMJ[FB CSPBETFUPGTLJMMTBOEJOUFSWFOUJPOT%VSJOHUIFUIDFOUVSZ UIFIJTUPSJDFNQIBTJTPGQVCMJD IFBMUIPOQSPUFDUJOHQPQVMBUJPOTGSPNJOGFDUJPVTEJTFBTFBOEFOWJSPONFOUBMUISFBUTFYQBOEFEUP JODMVEFUIFQSFWFOUJPOBOESFEVDUJPOPGDISPOJDEJTFBTFUISPVHICFIBWJPSBMBOEMJGFTUZMFJOUFS - WFOUJPOT"TXFNPWFGPSXBSEJOUIFTUDFOUVSZOFXDIBMMFOHFTXJMMFNFSHFBOEOFXTUSBUFHJFT BOEJOJUJBUJWFTXJMMOFFEUPCFEFWFMPQFEɨFSPMFPGQVCMJDIFBMUIXJMMVOEPVCUFEMZCFDFOUSBM UPUIFXFMMCFJOHPGUIFOBUJPOBOEUIFXPSME 11 9781449657413_CH02_PASS02.indd 11 23/04/13 10:03 AM 12 Chapter 2 Historical Developments in Public Health and the 21st Century Early History of Public Health -JUUMF JT LOPXO BCPVU UIF IFBMUI PG UIF IVOUJOH BOE HBUIFSJOH QFPQMF PG QSFIJTUPSJD UJNFT 1BMFPQBUIPMPHZ IBT TIPXO UIBU EJTFBTF OPU POMZ FYJTUFE JO BOUJRVJUZ CVU UIBU JU IBT BMXBZT PDDVSSFEJOIVNBOTJOUIFTBNFCBTJDGPSNTTVDIBTJOGFDUJPO JOìBNNBUJPO EJTUVSCBODFPG EFWFMPQNFOUBOENFUBCPMJTN BOEUVNPST 8IFOIVNBOTCFHBOUPBHHSFHBUFJOUPMBSHFS NPSF QFSNBOFOUTFUUMFNFOUTXJUIUIFJOUSPEVDUJPOPGBHSJDVMUVSBMUFDIOJRVFTBOEUIFEPNFTUJDBUJPO PGBOJNBMT UIFZGVOEBNFOUBMMZBMUFSFEUIFXBZUIFZMJWFE8JUIUIFBEPQUJPOPGBOBHSBSJBO TPDJFUZ IVNBOTCFHBOUPMJWFJODMPTFSDPOUBDUJODPNNVOJUJFTTVQQPSUFECZUIFQSPEVDUJPO PGGPPEɨFTFOFXUZQFTPGIVNBOTFUUMFNFOUTSFDPOTUSVDUFEUIFFDPTZTUFNTPWFSXIJDIUIFZ QSFTJEFE VTIFSJOHBGVOEBNFOUBMTIJGUJOIPXIVNBOTJOUFSBDUFEXJUIFBDIPUIFSBOEUIFJS FOWJSPONFOUTɨFTFOFXEFOTFSMJWJOHBSSBOHFNFOUTBêPSEFEJOOVNFSBCMFNJDSPPSHBOJTNTB OFXFDPMPHJDBMOJDIFUPFYQMPJU QBWJOHUIFXBZGPSQFTUJMFODF FQJEFNJDT BOEEJTFBTF 'PS FYBNQMF IVNBOTFUUMFNFOUTPêFSFEHSFBUFSPQQPSUVOJUZGPSDPOTUBOUDPOUBDUXJUIJOUFTUJOBM QBSBTJUFTDBSSJFEUISPVHIIVNBOGFDFT XIFSFBTDPOTUBOUMZNPCJMFCBOETPGIVOUFSTBOEHBUIFS - 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