The Teaching of Anatomy Throughout the Centuries: from Herophilus To
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History of Anatomy in the Reflection of Collecting Media
Journal of Human Anatomy MEDWIN PUBLISHERS ISSN: 2578-5079 Committed to Create Value for Researchers History of Anatomy in the Reflection of Collecting Media Bugaevsky KA* Research Article Department of Medical and Biological Foundations of Sports and Physical Rehabilitation, The Volume 5 Issue 1 Petro Mohyla Black Sea State University, Ukraine Received Date: June 30, 2021 Published Date: July 28, 2021 *Corresponding author: Konstantin Anatolyevich Bugaevsky, Assistant Professor, The DOI: 10.23880/jhua-16000154 Petro Mohyla Black Sea State University, Nikolaev, Ukraine, Tel: + (38 099) 60 98 926; Email: [email protected] Abstract contribution to the anatomical study of the human body, by famous scientists-anatomists, both antiquity and modernity, Such The article presents the materials of the study devoted to the reflection in the means of collecting, information about the as Avicenna, Ibn al-Nafiz, Andrei Vesalius, William Garvey, Ambroise Paré, Giovanni Baptista Morgagni, Miguel Servet, Gabriel Fallopius, Bartolomeo Eustachio, Leonardo da Vinci, Jan Yesenius, John Hunter, Ales Hrdlichka of the past and a number of to the development and formation of anatomy as a basic medical science, but were also the founders of a number of related others, in the reflection of various means of philately and numismatics. All these scientists made a significant contribution medical disciplines, such as pathological anatomy, operative surgery and topographic anatomy, forensic medical examination. The tools, techniques and techniques developed by them for the autopsy of corpses and the preparation of various parts of the body of deceased people, all the practical experience they have gained, are still actively used in modern anatomy and medicine. -
Distance Learning Program Anatomy of the Human Heart/Pig Heart Dissection Middle School/ High School
Distance Learning Program Anatomy of the Human Heart/Pig Heart Dissection Middle School/ High School This guide is for middle and high school students participating in AIMS Anatomy of the Human Heart and Pig Heart Dissections. Programs will be presented by an AIMS Anatomy Specialist. In this activity students will become more familiar with the anatomical structures of the human heart by observing, studying, and examining human specimens. The primary focus is on the anatomy and flow of blood through the heart. Those students participating in Pig Heart Dissections will have the opportunity to dissect and compare anatomical structures. At the end of this document, you will find anatomical diagrams, vocabulary review, and pre/post tests for your students. National Science Education (NSES) Content Standards for grades 9-12 • Content Standard:K-12 Unifying Concepts and Processes :Systems order and organization; Evidence, models and explanation; Form and function • Content Standard F, Science in Personal and Social Perspectives: Personal and community health • Content Standard C, Life Science: Matter, energy and organization of living systems • Content Standard A Science as Inquiry National Science Education (NSES) Content Standards for grades 5-8 • Content Standard A Science as Inquiry • Content Standard C, Life Science: Structure and function in living systems; Diversity and adaptations of organisms • Content Standard F, Science in Personal and Social Perspectives: Personal Health Show Me Standards (Science and Health/Physical Education) • Science 3. Characteristics and interactions of living organisms • Health/Physical Education 1. Structures of, functions of and relationships among human body systems Objectives: The student will be able to: 1. -
Domenico Cotugno E Antonio Miglietta: Dal Protomedicato Al Comitato Centrale Di Vaccinazione
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ESE - Salento University Publishing L'IDOMENEO Idomeneo (2014), n. 17, 153-174 ISSN 2038-0313 DOI 10.1285/i20380313v17p153 http://siba-ese.unisalento.it, © 2014 Università del Salento Domenico Cotugno e Antonio Miglietta: dal Protomedicato al Comitato centrale di vaccinazione Antonio Borrelli 1. I rapporti fra Domenico Cotugno, il più celebre medico e scienziato meridionale tra Sette e Ottocento, e Antonio Miglietta, il principale artefice della pratica vaccinica nel Regno delle Due Sicilie, sono stati solo accennati da qualche studioso e solo per la loro contemporanea partecipazione al Comitato centrale di vaccinazione, sorto in epoca francese1. In realtà i rapporti fra i due furono molto più intensi e riguardarono, in particolare, il loro contributo alla riforma del Protomedicato, una istituzione che agli inizi dell’Ottocento versava in una crisi profonda, dalla quale, al di là degli sforzi dei singoli che ne fecero parte, non si riprese più. Fra Cotugno e Miglietta, entrambi di origine pugliese, vi era una notevole differenza di età. Il primo era nato a Ruvo di Puglia, in una modesta famiglia di agricoltori, il 29 gennaio 17362; il secondo a Carmiano, presso Otranto, in una famiglia appartenente alla piccola nobiltà, l’8 dicembre 17673. Un periodo che fu di grande rilevanza per le sorti del Regno delle Due Sicilie. Divenuto autonomo nel 1734 con Carlo di Borbone, fu governato dal 1759, dopo la partenza del sovrano per la Spagna, dal figlio Ferdinando che, avendo solo otto anni, fu affiancato da un consiglio di reggenza, tra i cui membri figurava Bernardo Tanucci. -
12.2% 116,000 120M Top 1% 154 3,900
We are IntechOpen, the world’s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists 3,900 116,000 120M Open access books available International authors and editors Downloads Our authors are among the 154 TOP 1% 12.2% Countries delivered to most cited scientists Contributors from top 500 universities Selection of our books indexed in the Book Citation Index in Web of Science™ Core Collection (BKCI) Interested in publishing with us? Contact [email protected] Numbers displayed above are based on latest data collected. For more information visit www.intechopen.com Chapter Introductory Chapter: Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology Valentina Kubale, Emma Cousins, Clara Bailey, Samir A.A. El-Gendy and Catrin Sian Rutland 1. History of veterinary anatomy and physiology The anatomy of animals has long fascinated people, with mural paintings depicting the superficial anatomy of animals dating back to the Palaeolithic era [1]. However, evidence suggests that the earliest appearance of scientific anatomical study may have been in ancient Babylonia, although the tablets upon which this was recorded have perished and the remains indicate that Babylonian knowledge was in fact relatively limited [2]. As such, with early exploration of anatomy documented in the writing of various papyri, ancient Egyptian civilisation is believed to be the origin of the anatomist [3]. With content dating back to 3000 BCE, the Edwin Smith papyrus demonstrates a recognition of cerebrospinal fluid, meninges and surface anatomy of the brain, whilst the Ebers papyrus describes systemic function of the body including the heart and vas- culature, gynaecology and tumours [4]. The Ebers papyrus dates back to around 1500 bCe; however, it is also thought to be based upon earlier texts. -
Sciatica and Chronic Pain
Sciatica and Chronic Pain Past, Present and Future Robert W. Baloh 123 Sciatica and Chronic Pain Robert W. Baloh Sciatica and Chronic Pain Past, Present and Future Robert W. Baloh, MD Department of Neurology University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA ISBN 978-3-319-93903-2 ISBN 978-3-319-93904-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93904-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018952076 © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. -
The History of the Relationship Between the Concept and Treatment of People with Down's Syndrome in Britain and America from 1866 to 1967
THE HISTORY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CONCEPT AND TREATMENT OF PEOPLE WITH DOWN'S SYNDROME IN BRITAIN AND AMERICA FROM 1866 TO 1967. BY Lilian Serife ZihniB.Sc. P.G.C.E. FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON 1 Abstract This thesis fills a gap in the history of mental handicap by focusing on a specific mentally handicapping condition, Down's syndrome, in Britain and America. This approach has facilitated an examination of how various scientific and social developments have actually affected a particular group of people with handicaps. The first chapter considers certain historiographical problems this research has raised. The second analyses the question of why Down's syndrome, which has certain easily identifiable characteristics associated with it, was not recognised as a distinct condition until 1866 in Britain. Subsequent chapters focus on the concept and treatment of Down's syndrome by the main nineteenth and twentieth century authorities on the disorder. The third chapter concentrates on John Langdon Down's treatment of 'Mongolian idiots' at the Royal Earlswood Asylum. The fourth chapter examines Sir Arthur Mitchell's study of 'Kalmuc idiots' in private care. The fifth considers how Down's and Mitchell's theories were developed by later investigators, with particular reference to George Shuttleworth's work. Archive materials from the Royal Albert, Royal Earlswood and Royal Scottish National Institutions are used. The sixth focuses on the late nineteenth century American concept and treatment of people with Down's syndrome through an analysis of the work of Albert Wilmarth. -
Early History of Infectious Disease
© Jones and Bartlett Publishers. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION CHAPTER ONE EARLY HISTORY OF INFECTIOUS 1 DISEASE Kenrad E. Nelson, Carolyn F. Williams Epidemics of infectious diseases have been documented throughout history. In ancient Greece and Egypt accounts describe epidemics of smallpox, leprosy, tuberculosis, meningococcal infections, and diphtheria.1 The morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases profoundly shaped politics, commerce, and culture. In epidemics, none were spared. Smallpox likely disfigured and killed Ramses V in 1157 BCE, although his mummy has a significant head wound as well.2 At times political upheavals exasperated the spread of disease. The Spartan wars caused massive dislocation of Greeks into Athens triggering the Athens epidemic of 430–427 BCE that killed up to one half of the population of ancient Athens.3 Thucydides’ vivid descriptions of this epidemic make clear its political and cultural impact, as well as the clinical details of the epidemic.4 Several modern epidemiologists have hypothesized on the causative agent. Langmuir et al.,5 favor a combined influenza and toxin-producing staphylococcus epidemic, while Morrens and Chu suggest Rift Valley Fever.6 A third researcher, Holladay believes the agent no longer exists.7 From the earliest times, man has sought to understand the natural forces and risk factors affecting the patterns of illness and death in society. These theories have evolved as our understanding of the natural world has advanced, sometimes slowly, sometimes, when there are profound break- throughs, with incredible speed. Remarkably, advances in knowledge and changes in theory have not always proceeded in synchrony. Although wrong theories or knowledge have hindered advances in understanding, there are also examples of great creativity when scientists have successfully pursued their theories beyond the knowledge of the time. -
Medicine in Stamps: History of Down Syndrome Through Philately
Review 267 Medicine in stamps: history of Down syndrome through philately Pullardaki tıp: filateli aracılığıyla Down sendromu tarihi Ahmet Doğan Ataman1, Emine Elif Vatanoğlu-Lutz2, Gazi Yıldırım3 1Department of History of Medicine, Vienna Medical Faculty, Vienna, Austria 2Department of Medical History and Ethics Medical Faculty, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey 3Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Medical Faculty, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey Abstract Özet Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common chromosomal Down sendromu zihinsel gelişme geriliği ve kendine özgü fiziksel ve disorders with mental retardation and some spesific physical and fizyolojik defektlerle seyreden, en sık rastlanan kromozom hastalıkla- physiological defects. Recently, many advances have been made in rından biridir. Son dönemlerde hastalığın prenatal tarama ve tanısında pre-natal screening and detection; and the hope is that identification birçok ilerlemeler kaydedilmiştir. Genlerin ve gen patolojilerinin altın- of more genes will lead to a better understanding of the molecular da yatan moleküler mekanizmaların daha iyi anlaşılaması daha etkili mechanisms underlying the pathologies, and hence to more effective tedavi yöntemleri konusunda umut vermektedir. Bu çalışma, Down therapy. This paper provides an overview on the discovery of Down sendromunun tarihine filateli yoluyla ışık tutmaktadır. syndrome through philately. (J Turkish-German Gynecol Assoc 2012; 13: 267-9) (J Turkish-German Gynecol Assoc 2012; 13: 267-9) Anahtar kelimeler: Down sendromu, zihinsel gerilik, genetik, tarih, Key words: Down syndrome, mental retardation, genetics, history, filateli philately Geliş Tarihi: 14 Kasım 2012 Kabul Tarihi: 19 Kasım 2012 Received: 14 November, 2012 Accepted: 19 November, 2012 Introduction the 21st pair while working in Raymond Turpin’s laboratory In 1958. -
A History of Anatomy at Cornell
A History of Anatomy at Cornell Howard E. Evans Prof. of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Emeritus College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca, N.Y. Published by The Internet-First University Press ©2013 Cornell University Commentary on the History of Anatomy at Cornell1 Historical Notes as Regards the Department of Anatomy H. E. Evans The Early Days To set the stage for this review, Cornell University opened on Oct. 7, 1868 in South University building, the only building on campus (later re-named Morrill Hall). North University building (White Hall) was under construc- tion but McGraw Hall in between, which would house anatomy, zoology and the museum, had not begun. Louis Agassiz of Harvard, who was appointed non-resident Prof. of Natural History at Cornell, gave an enthusias- tic inaugural address and set the tone for future courses in natural science. Included on the first faculty were Burt G. Wilder, M.D. from Harvard as Prof. of Comparative Anatomy and Natural History, recommended to President A.D. White by Agassiz, and James Law, FRCVS as Prof. of Veterinary Surgery, who was recommended by John Gamgee of the New Edinburgh Veterinary College and hired after an interview in London by Pres. White. Both Wilder and Law were accomplished anatomists in addition to their other abilities and both helped shape Cornell for many years. I found in the records many instances of their interactions on campus, which is not surprising when one considers how few buildings there were. The Anatomy Department in the College of Veterinary Medicine has a legacy of anatomical teaching at Cornell that began before our College became a separate entity in 1896. -
A Brief History of the Practice of Anatomical Dissection
Open Access Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal HISTORY OF MEDICINE Post-Mortem Pedagogy: A Brief History of the Practice of Anatomical Dissection Connor T. A. Brenna, B.Sc., M.D.(C.)* Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada ABSTRACT Anatomical dissection is almost ubiquitous in modern medical education, masking a complex history of its practice. Dissection with the express purpose of understanding human anatomy began more than two millennia ago with Herophilus, but was soon after disavowed in the third century BCE. Historical evidence suggests that this position was based on common beliefs that the body must remain whole after death in order to access the afterlife. Anatomical dissection did not resume for almost 1500 years, and in the interim anatomical knowledge was dominated by (often flawed) reports generated through the comparative dissection of animals. When a growing recognition of the utility of anatomical knowledge in clinical medicine ushered human dissection back into vogue, it recommenced in a limited setting almost exclusively allowing for dissection of the bodies of convicted criminals. Ultimately, the ethical problems that this fostered, as well as the increasing demand from medical education for greater volumes of human dissection, shaped new considerations of the body after death. Presently, body bequeathal programs are a popular way in which individuals offer their bodies to medical education after death, suggesting that the once widespread views of dissection as punishment have largely dissipated. KEY WORDS: Anatomy, dissection, epistemic frameworks, history, medical education Citation: Brenna CTA. Post-Mortem Pedagogy: A Brief History of the Practice of Anatomical Dissection. Rambam Maimonides Med J 2021;12 (1):e0008. -
The Evolution of Anatomy
science from its beginning and in all its branches so related as to weave the story into a continu- ous narrative has been sadly lacking. Singer states that in order to lessen the bulk of his work he has omitted references and bibliog- raphies from its pages, but we may readily recognize in reading it that he has gone to original sources for its contents and that all the statements it contains are authoritative and can readily be verified. In the Preface Singer indicates that we may hope to see the work continued to a later date than Harvey’s time and also that the present work may yet be expanded so as to contain material necessarily excluded from a book of the size into which this is compressed, because from cover to cover this volume is all meat and splendidly served for our delectation and digestion. Singer divides the history of Anatomy into four great epochs or stages. The first is from the Greek period to 50 b .c ., comprising the Hippocratic period, Aristotle and the Alexan- drians. Although, as Singer says, “our anatom- ical tradition, like that of every other depart- ment of rational investigation, goes back to the Greeks,” yet before their time men groped at some ideas as to anatomical structure, as evinced by the drawings found in the homes of the cave dwellers, and the Egyptians and the The Evo lut ion of Ana to my , a Short Histo ry of Anat omi cal an d Phys iolo gica l Disc ove ry , Mesopotamians had quite distinct conceptions to Harve y . -
The History of Ampulla Romana of Semicircular Canals
Revista Română de Anatomie funcţională şi clinică, macro- şi microscopică şi de Antropologie Vol. XV – Nr. 3 – 2016 HISTORY OF ANATOMY A JOURNEY THROUGH TIME: THE HISTORY OF AMPULLA ROMana OF SEMICIRCULAR CANALS A. Cucu1, Claudia Florida Costea2,3*, Gabriela Florenţa Dumitrescu4, Ş. Turliuc5, Anca Sava4,6, Dana Mihaela Turliuc1,7 “N. Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital Iaşi 1. 2nd Neurosurgery Clinic 2. 2nd Ophthalmology Clinic 4. Department of Pathology “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iaşi 3.Department of Ophthalmology 5. Department of Psychiatry 6. Department of Anatomy 7. Department of Neurosurgery A JOURNEY THROUGH TIME: THE HISTORY OF “AMPULLA ROMANA” OF SEMICIR- CULAR CANALS (Abstract): The location of semicircular canals and ducts in an area not eas- ily accessible for dissections, considerably delayed the arrival of the first anatomical terminology related to the inner ear, which was actually defined during the Renaissance. Our paper aims at presenting a short history of the anatomical discoveries of the inner ear, especially of the semicir- cular canals and ducts, as well as of their ampullae. Key words: AMPULLA, INNER EAR, HISTORY OF ANATOMY INTRODUCTION scribed the anatomy of the ampullae of semi- The human body has fascinated people ever circular ducts. since ancient times and they have constantly AMPULLA IN ANCIENT ROME strived to understand its complex structure (1). Every Roman house had certain vessels called As the sense of hearing also interested them, ampullae (Fig. 1), which were actually small anatomists and anatomy lovers have made ef- containers usually made of ceramic or glass. forts to identify the structures in the petrous The Romans used these bottles to keep their part of the temporal bone ever since ancient water, wine, oil or perfume (7) and they bought times, as they suspected that this was the loca- them from a person that they called ampul- tion of hearing (2).