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1 Introduction Notes 1 Introduction 1. CP88/58. The letter is rendered here approximately as it appears on the manu- script page in terms of lineation. 2. CP88/60: 24/9/1601. 3. Mark Bland (2004) ‘Italian Paper in Early Seventeenth-Century England’, in R. Graziaplena (ed.) Paper as a Medium of Cultural Heritage: Archaeology and Conservation (Rome: Istituto centrale per la patologia del libro), pp.243–55. 4. A.G.R. Smith (1968) ‘The Secretariats of the Cecils, circa 1580–1612’, EHR, 83, 481–504. On Cecil’s own hand (a distinctive mixed hand, which was pure italic except for occasional use of a secretary ‘e’) see, Giles E. Dawson and Laetitia Kennedy-Skipton (1968) Elizabethan Handwriting, 1500–1650 (Faber and Faber), pp.84–5. For a Cecil autograph see BL, Harley MS, 292, fol.79. 5. James Daybell (1999) ‘Women’s Letters and Letter-Writing in England, 1540–1603: An Introduction to the Issues of Authorship and Construction’, Shakespeare Studies, 27, 161–86. 6. Hasler, 2, p.17. 7. Mark Brayshay, Philip Harrison, and Brian Chalkley (1998) ‘Knowledge, Nationhood and Governance: The Speed of the Royal Post in Early-Modern England’, Journal of Historical Geography, 24, 265–88. I am grateful to Professor Brayshay for discussion on the postal endorsements in this letter. 8. On the Dover route see, Brayshay (1991) ‘Royal Post-Horse Routes in England and Wales: The Evolution of the Network in the Late-Sixteenth and Early-Seventeenth Century’, Journal of Historical Geography, 17/4, 373–89 (pp.379–81). 9. BL, Cotton MS, Caligula C/VI, fols66v–67r. 10. TNA, AO 1/1950/1–7, 1951/8–14, 1952/15–22, 1953/23–8, Declared Accounts of the Masters of the Posts, 1566–1639. 11. CP88/60. 12. Charles Hughes (1905) ‘Nicholas Faunt’s Discourse Touching the Office of the Principal Secretary of Estate, & c. 1592’, EHR, 20, 499–508 (pp.501–2, 503–4). Bodl., Tanner MS, 80, fols91–4. 13. The Thirtieth Annual Report of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records (1869), p.225. 14. On the history of the Cecil Papers see HMC, Calendar of the Manuscripts of the Most Honourable The Marquess of Salisbury, Preserved at Hatfield House Hertfordshire, 24 vols (1883–1973), 1, pp.iii–vii. 15. HMC, Salisbury, 11, p.394. 16. For a classic account of epistolarity see, Janet Gurkin Altman (1982) Epistolarity: Approaches to a Form (Columbus, OH: Ohio State UP). 17. Daybell (2005) ‘Recent Studies in Renaissance Letters: The Sixteenth Century’, ELR, 35/2, 331–62; idem (2006) ‘Recent Studies in Renaissance Letters: The Seventeenth Century’, ELR, 36/1, 135–70. Recent linguistic approaches include Graham Williams (2009) ‘Pragmatic Readings in the Letters of Joan and Maria Thynne, 1575–1611, With Diplomatic Transcriptions of Their Correspondence’ (Ph.D. thesis, University of Glasgow). 234 Notes 235 18. Roger Chartier (1997) ‘Secrétaires for the People? Model Letters of the Ancien Régime: Between Court Literature and Popular Chapbooks’, in Roger Chartier (ed.) Correspondence: Models of Letter-Writing From the Middle Ages to the Nineteenth Century (Cambridge: Polity Press), pp.59–111. 19. David M. Bergeron (1999) King James & Letters of Homoerotic Desire (Iowa City: U of Iowa P); Alan Bray (1990) ‘Homosexuality and the Signs of Male Friendship in Elizabethan England’, History Workshop Journal, 29 (1990), 1–19. 20. See also, T. Van Houdt, et al. (eds) (2002) Self-Presentation and Social Identification: The Rhetoric and Pragmatics of Letter Writing in Early Modern Times (Leuven: Leuven UP). 21. Marie Boas Hall (1975) ‘The Royal Society’s Role in the Diffusion of Information in the Seventeenth Century’, Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London, 29, 173–92; Maarten Ultee (1987) ‘The Republic of Letters: Learned Correspondence, 1680–1720’, The Seventeenth Century, 2, 95–112. On newsletters see Richard Cust (1986) ‘News and Politics in Early Seventeenth-Century England’, P&P, 112, 60–90; F.J. Levy (1982) ‘How Information Spread Among the Gentry, 1550–1640’, JBS, 21/2, 11–34; Ian Atherton (1999) ‘The Itch Grown a Disease: Manuscript Transmission of News in the Seventeenth Century’, in Joad Raymond (ed.) News, Newspapers, and Society in Early Modern Britain (Frank Cass), pp.39–65. 22. Daybell (2006) Women Letter-Writers in Tudor England (Oxford: OUP); Daybell (ed.) Early Modern Women’s Letter Writing (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001); Jane Couchman and Ann Crabb (eds) (2005) Women’s Letters Across Europe, 1400–1700: Form and Persuasion (Aldershot: Ashgate). 23. On material approaches to letters see Daybell (2009) ‘Material Meanings and the Social Signs of Manuscript Letters in Early Modern England’, Literature Compass 6, 1–21; Alan Stewart (2009) Shakespeare’s Letters (Oxford: OUP), ch.1; A.R. Braunmuller (1993) ‘Accounting for Absence: The Transcription of Space’, in W. Speed Hill (ed.) New Ways of Looking at Old Texts (Binghamton, NY: Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies), pp.47–56; Jonathan Gibson (1997) ‘Significant Space in Manuscript Letters’, The Seventeenth Century, 12/1, 1–9; Sara Jayne Steen (2001) ‘Reading Beyond the Words: Material Letters and the Process of Interpretation’, Quidditas, 22, 55–69. For the Victorian period see, Nigel Hall (1999) ‘The Materiality of Letter-Writing: A Nineteenth Century Perspective’ in David Barton and Nigel Hall (eds) Letter-writing as Social Practice (Amsterdam/ Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company), pp.83–108. 24. For the eighteenth-century, letters have received a fuller treatment: Clare Brant (2006) Eighteenth-Century Letters and British Culture (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan); Eve Tavor Bannet (2005) Empire of Letters: Letter Manuals and Transatlantic Correspondence, 1680–1820 (Cambridge: CUP); Susan E. Whyman (2009) The Pen and the People: English Letter Writers 1660–1800 (Oxford: OUP). 25. Giora Sternberg (2009) ‘Epistolary Ceremonial: Corresponding Status at the Time of Louis XIV’, P&P, 204/1, 33–88 (esp. pp.66–74). 26. See, for example, Victoria E. Burke (2007) ‘Let’s Get Physical: Bibliography, Codicology, and Seventeenth-Century Women’s Manuscripts’, Literature Compass, 4/6, 1667–82; James Daybell and Peter Hinds (eds) (2010) Material Readings of Early Modern Culture, 1580–1700 (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan); Peter Stallybrass (2004) ‘The Library and Material Texts’, PMLA, 119/5, 1347–52. 27. D.F. McKenzie (1986; 1999) Bibliography and the Sociology of Texts (Cambridge: CUP), pp.13, 17; Roger Chartier (1989) ‘Meaningful Forms’, TLS, Liber no. 1. See also G. Thomas Tanselle (1991) ‘Textual Criticism and Literary Sociology’, Studies in Bibliography, 44, 83–143; Jerome J. McGann (1983) A Critique of Modern Textual 236 Notes Criticism (Chicago: U of Chicago P); D.C. Greetham (1994) Textual Scholarship: An Introduction (New York and London: Garland); Philip Gaskell (1972) A New Introduction to Bibliography (Oxford: Clarendon Press). 28. McKenzie, Bibliography, p.39. 29. See for example, Mary Hobbs (1992) Early Seventeenth-Century Verse Miscellany Manuscripts (Aldershot: Scolar Press); Harold Love (1993) Scribal Publication in Seventeenth-Century England (Oxford: OUP); Arthur F. Marotti (1995) Manuscript, Print and the English Renaissance Lyric (Ithaca, NY and London: Cornell UP); H.R. Woudhuysen (1996) Sir Philip Sidney and the Circulation of Manuscripts, 1558– 1640 (Oxford: Clarendon Press); Peter Beal (1998) In Praise of Scribes: Manuscripts and Their Makers in Seventeenth-Century England (Oxford: Clarendon Press); Margaret J.M. Ezell (1999) Social Authorship and the Advent of Print (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP); David McKitterick (2003) Print, Manuscript and the Search for Order, 1450–1830 (Cambridge: CUP). 30. Tanselle, ‘Textual Criticism’, p.83. Heather Hirshfield (2001) ‘Early Modern Collaboration and Theories of Authorship’, PMLA, 116/3, 609–22. 31. Heidi Brayman Hackel (2005) Reading Material in Early Modern England: Print, Gender, and Literacy (Cambridge: CUP); Jennifer Anderson and Elizabeth Sauer (eds) (2002) Books and Their Readers in Early Modern England: Material Studies (Philadelphia: U Pennsylvania P). 32. Jason Scott-Warren (2001) Sir John Harington and the Book as Gift (Oxford: OUP). 33. Michael Hunter (1995) ‘How to Edit a Seventeenth-Century Manuscript: Principles and Practice’, The Seventeenth Century, 10, 277–310 (p.281); A.R. Braunmuller (1981) ‘Editing Elizabethan Letters’, Text, 1, 185–99. For recent editions that have sought to represent in print the material aspects of early modern letters see: The Collected Works of Mary Sidney Herbert, Countess of Pembroke, eds Margaret P. Hannay, Noel J. Kinnamon, and Michael G. Brennan, 2 vols (Oxford: OUP, 1998), 1; Elizabeth Cary, Lady Falkland: Life and Letters, ed. Heather Wolfe (Tempe, AZ and Cambridge: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, and Renaissance Texts from Manuscripts, 2001); A.R. Braunmuller (ed.) (1983) A Seventeenth-Century Letter- Book: A Facsimile Edition of Folger MS. V.a.321 (Newark, DE: U of Delaware P); Edmund Spenser, Selected Letters and Other Papers, eds Christopher Burlinson and Andrew Zurcher (Oxford: OUP, 2009). For pioneering work on electronic-based letter texts see the AHRC Centre of Editing Lives and Letters [www.livesandletters. ac.uk] [accessed 15 February 2012]. 34. Margreta de Grazia, Maureen Quilligan and Peter Stallybrass (eds) (1996) Subject and Object in Renaissance Culture (Cambridge: CUP). On theoretical approaches see also: Bill Brown (ed.) (2001) ‘Thing Theory’, Critical Inquiry, 28, 1–378; Julian Yates (2006) ‘What are “Things” Saying in Renaissance Studies?’, Literature Compass, 3/5, 992–1000. 35. Patricia Fumerton (1992) Cultural Aesthetics: Renaissance Literature and the Practice of Social Ornament (Chicago: U of Chicago P), ch.2; Patricia Fumerton and Simon Hunt (eds) (1999) Renaissance Culture and the Everyday (Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P), pp.1–4. Clifford Geertz (1973) The Interpretation of Cultures (New York: Basic Books). Cf. Douglas Bruster (2003) Shakespeare and the Question of Culture: Early Modern Literature and the Cultural Turn (Basingstoke: Palgrave). 36. Raffaella Sarti (trans. Allan Cameron) (2002) Europe at Home: Family and Material Culture, 1500–1800 (New Haven: Yale UP).
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