DOCSLIB.ORG

Pastsearch Newsletter Issue 102: June 2021

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pastsearch Newsletter Issue 102: June 2021 PastSearch Newsletter Issue 102: June 2021 Welcome to PastSearch Newsletter You can find a downloadable version at www.pastsearch-archaeo-history.co.uk May Round Up...................1 York: The Story of its Walls May Round Up Bars and Castles – The Normans (part 5)……….....2 St. John’s Dance……..……6 This Month in History.....................7 British Monarchs ...............8 HOSM Local History Society...................10 Bishops Palace Community Dig & Howdenshire Archaeological Society …………………………11 Managed to get out and complete a site in Holme-on Spalding Moor Picture This........................12 area, unfortunately after another few days of rain, so very soggy. Just For Fun.......................12 Thankfully the machine driver was able to scrape the slop away to Just for Fun make a route through for me between the seven trenches. Answers.................13 Dates for Diary…………..13 Although Holme-on Spalding Moor parish has a lot of archaeology, PastSearch YouTube there were only land drains encountered in these trenches, which must Channel………………..…13 have been blocked, considering the amount of surface water. What’s Been in the News..............14 Adverts..............................15 Zoom Talks this month looked at the 1984 York Minster Fire, which completed the series of three talks. Also the history of British coins, from the Celtic Potins (c.80BC), through the centuries, noting the new introductions and those taken out of circulation to the 20th century and decimalization. For June and July Zoom Talks see ‘Dates for Diary’ on page 13 and Adverts on pages 15-18. Or go directly to the PastSeach Eventbrite page to find all the talks as they are added. https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/d/online/pastsearch/ 1 York: The Story of its Walls, Bars and Castles T P Cooper (1904) The Normans (Part 5) – The King’s Fishpool (Part 2): “The large expanse of water in succeeding years became an important royal fishery. With the increasingly rigid rules of ecclesiasticism, as to fasting and abstinence from flesh meat, the supply of fish as an article of diet became a very important matter. Frequently the regal owners of the pond made presents to their favourite courtiers, bishop, and abbots of the bream, pike, and other fish for which the locality became celebrated. Many of these gifts are recorded on the Close Rolls. In 1221 the Sheriff of Yorkshire, by a mandate from the King, presented to Walter de Gray, Archbishop of York, as from his royal master, ten bream (Breimas) from ‘vivario de fosse.’ In 1228 the Archbishop received another fift of thirty bream. The King, in August, 1256, ordered the Sheriff ‘to let the Friars Preachers, Toft Green, have six pike out of the royal stew of Fosse, for the occasion of the Provincial Chapters of the Order held at York in that year.’ Under a like order, sixty bream were given to the Abbot of Fountains in 1229. On the 20th of August, 1285, instructions were given to the Sheriff ‘to cause Master Geoffrey de Aspehale, master of the Hospital of St. Leonard’s, York, to have in the water of the Fosse, twenty-four bream, of the King’s gift.’ These are typical presents of fish from the King’s Pool. Many such could be enumerated, but these few will help to show the value of the water as a royal stew. The men who were employed I the fisheries of the Ouse and the regal waters of the Fosse would of course reside in the vicinity, and seem to have given the name of their occupation to the street, Fishergate. The custodians of the Fosse were appointed by the King, and held the office under the Sheriff of the County, who paid them their wages, and the amount was allowed in that official’s account at the Exchequer. As each new sheriff took office he was authorised by writ to pay the stipend of the keeper of the fishery. Many of these documents are entered on the Close and Patent Rolls, from which we have been able to compile a long list of custodians. Particulars of the earliest keepers traceable are given herewith…….. Grant (on the 5th May, 1280) to Henry le Esqueler (‘Squeler’ in the marginal title), during good behaviour of the bailiwick of the custody of the gate of York Castle and the custody of the prison of the said castle, with the custody of the water of Fosse there, if the custody of the prison and water aforesaid belong to the said Baliwick, and he is to receive as much as other keepers. By the King on the information of Anthony Bek and brother William de Faversham. The custody of the Castle gate and prison was not always held in conjumction with the keepership of the Fosse. These offices, in later times, were kept distinct and held by separate persons whose names are recorded, with the amount they were paid as wages. Some of the keepers were royal pensioners, and others wealthy persons whose duties were perfomed by deputy. On January 20, 1312, an order was given to the Sheriff ‘to pay to Richard de Alverton and William de Castelay, keeper of the King’s fishpond (vivarii) of Fosse, their wages , to wit, 2d daily each, together with the arrears of the same since the sheriff’s appointment. By the King on the information of Edmund de Malo Lacu, Steward of the Household.’ Eight years later we find the keepership had changed hands and the wages show a substantial increase. The Sheriff, on January 22, 1320, was instructed ‘to pay to Oliver de Sambuce, yeoman of the king’s chamber, the arrears of his wages as keeper of the King’s pond of Fosse, the custody whereof the King granted to him for life, on 6th November, in the 12th year of his reign, receiving therefore 6d a day from the Sheriff of Yorkshire, and to continue to pay the same.’ One of the duties of the keepers was to detect and arrest trespassers, or poachers, of the King’s fish. It will be seen from the following extract from the Patent Rolls that a Thomas de Warthill, a trespasser, was a person of some estate: ‘Appointment (June 7, 1293) of Master Henry de Neuwerk, dean of York, to the 2 custody of Alice, late the wife of Gilbert, de Luda, and her lands, until Thomas de Warthill, who was appointed to the custody until she should become sane, and who is now in York gaol for trespasses in the King’s stew of Fosse, has done the king’s pleasure for the said trespasses.’ The custodians of this great fishpond had peculiar privileges. In the King’s name they claimed the exclusive right of a narrow strip of land around the entire circuit of the lake. The bounds of the pool which were of considerable extent, were from time to time surveyed and set forth in various inquisitions. In rugged days of old, when ‘might was right,’ it was considered proper – ‘That they should take who have the power, and they should keep who can.’ This grasping spirit was occasionally manifested by the all-powerful sheriffs, who unscrupulously, under the slightest pretext, appropriated lands verging upo the brink of the pond. Robert de Crepping, who was Sheriff of the Coundt, from April 22, 150 to Easter. 1253, appears to have gained an unenviable notoriety in such practices. One arm of the pool extended between Layerthorpe and Hull Road, at its extremity Tang Hall Beck flowed into the fishpond. Certain meadows, belonging to the Hospital of St. Nicholas, and others in the possession of the Prebend of Fridaythorpe, pertaining to his Hall of Tang, and bordering the Fosse, were unlawfully seized and occupied by Sheriff Crepping. The Master and Brethren of the hospital complained to the King of the injustice of Crepping’s purpresture. The following judicial inquiries of the subject are printed in vol. i: Yorkshire Inquisition, Yorkshire Archaeological Journal, but it will be seen that the aggrieved monks, after the proverbial delays of the law, received little amends for the loss they had sustained. By writ dated at Windsor, 17 July, 3rd Edward I. (1275), the following inquisition was taken with respect to an alleged encroachment upon the lands of the hospital: ‘The King sent to Gwychard de Charrum and William de Northburgh, that whereas it was shown on behalf of the Master and Brethren of the Hospital of St. Nicholas, York, that one carucate of land and one acre and a half of meadow in the suburb of the City of York, were provided for the support of the lepers coming to the hospital by the ancestors of the King, and confirmed by them, and that they and their predecessors had peacefully held the land and meadow from the time when they were first enfeoffed, until Robert de Creooinge, sometime Sheriff of Yorkshire, in the late King Henry’s time, ejected them unjustly amd without judgement, so that the meadow had been withheld by him and other Sheriffs of Yorkshire for twenty years, to the no mean damage of the said Master and Brethren and their manifest disinhersion – Now Robert de Creppinge, called by the said Gwychard and William, says that while he was Sheriff of Yorkshire, he saw that the acre and a half of meadow abutted the King’s vivary, of Fosse, so that at every inundation of water the meadow was covered; and because he saw that if the King should wish to move his mills, then beneath the Castle, and to raise the head of his vivary, that meadow would be under water every hour of the year.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Apostolic Succession of the Right Rev. James Michael St. George
    The Apostolic Succession of The Right Rev. James Michael St. George © Copyright 2014-2015, The International Old Catholic Churches, Inc. 1 Table of Contents Certificates ....................................................................................................................................................4 ......................................................................................................................................................................5 Photos ...........................................................................................................................................................6 Lines of Succession........................................................................................................................................7 Succession from the Chaldean Catholic Church .......................................................................................7 Succession from the Syrian-Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch..............................................................10 The Coptic Orthodox Succession ............................................................................................................16 Succession from the Russian Orthodox Church......................................................................................20 Succession from the Melkite-Greek Patriarchate of Antioch and all East..............................................27 Duarte Costa Succession – Roman Catholic Succession .........................................................................34
    [Show full text]
  • Sanctity in Tenth-Century Anglo-Latin Hagiography: Wulfstan of Winchester's Vita Sancti Eethelwoldi and Byrhtferth of Ramsey's Vita Sancti Oswaldi
    Sanctity in Tenth-Century Anglo-Latin Hagiography: Wulfstan of Winchester's Vita Sancti EEthelwoldi and Byrhtferth of Ramsey's Vita Sancti Oswaldi Nicola Jane Robertson Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds, Centre for Medieval Studies, September 2003 The candidate confinns that the work submitted is her own work and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly I would like to thank my supervisors, Dr Mary Swan and Professor Ian Wood for their guidance and support throughout the course of this project. Professor Wood's good-natured advice and perceptive comments have helped guide me over the past four years. Dr Swan's counsel and encouragement above and beyond the call of duty have kept me going, especially in these last, most difficult stages. I would also like to thank Dr William Flynn, for all his help with my Latin and useful commentary, even though he was not officially obliged to offer it. My advising tutor Professor Joyce Hill also played an important part in the completion of this work. I should extend my gratitude to Alison Martin, for a constant supply of stationery and kind words. I am also grateful for the assistance of the staff of the Brotherton Library at the University of Leeds. I would also like to thank all the students of the Centre for Medieval Studies, past and present, who have always offered a friendly and receptive environment for the exchange of ideas and assorted cakes.
    [Show full text]
  • Timeline1800 18001600
    TIMELINE1800 18001600 Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 8000BCE Sharpened stone heads used as axes, spears and arrows. 7000BCE Walls in Jericho built. 6100BCE North Atlantic Ocean – Tsunami. 6000BCE Dry farming developed in Mesopotamian hills. - 4000BCE Tigris-Euphrates planes colonized. - 3000BCE Farming communities spread from south-east to northwest Europe. 5000BCE 4000BCE 3900BCE 3800BCE 3760BCE Dynastic conflicts in Upper and Lower Egypt. The first metal tools commonly used in agriculture (rakes, digging blades and ploughs) used as weapons by slaves and peasant ‘infantry’ – first mass usage of expendable foot soldiers. 3700BCE 3600BCE © PastSearch2012 - T i m e l i n e Page 1 Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 3500BCE King Menes the Fighter is victorious in Nile conflicts, establishes ruling dynasties. Blast furnace used for smelting bronze used in Bohemia. Sumerian civilization developed in south-east of Tigris-Euphrates river area, Akkadian civilization developed in north-west area – continual warfare. 3400BCE 3300BCE 3200BCE 3100BCE 3000BCE Bronze Age begins in Greece and China. Egyptian military civilization developed. Composite re-curved bows being used. In Mesopotamia, helmets made of copper-arsenic bronze with padded linings. Gilgamesh, king of Uruk, first to use iron for weapons. Sage Kings in China refine use of bamboo weaponry. 2900BCE 2800BCE Sumer city-states unite for first time. 2700BCE Palestine invaded and occupied by Egyptian infantry and cavalry after Palestinian attacks on trade caravans in Sinai. 2600BCE 2500BCE Harrapan civilization developed in Indian valley. Copper, used for mace heads, found in Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine and Egypt. Sumerians make helmets, spearheads and axe blades from bronze.
    [Show full text]
  • The Anglo-Saxon and Norman "Eigenkirche" and the Ecclesiastical Policy of William I
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1981 The Anglo-Saxon and Norman "Eigenkirche" and the Ecclesiastical Policy of William I. Albert Simeon Cote Jr Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Cote, Albert Simeon Jr, "The Anglo-Saxon and Norman "Eigenkirche" and the Ecclesiastical Policy of William I." (1981). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 3675. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/3675 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or “target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “ Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure you of complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark it is an indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy.
    [Show full text]
  • Apostolic Succession
    Apostolic Succession Episcopal Seal of the Most Rev. Richard A. Kalbfleisch, STL, DD, NOSF Through the Catholic Apostolic Church of Brazil (Igreja Catolica Apostolica Brasileira) Old Catholic Church of Utrecht Russian Orthodox Church The Church of England & The Episcopal Church in the USA Catholic Apostolic Church of Brazil Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa, ordained a priest within The Church of Rome on 1 April 1911, was consecrated to be the Roman Diocesan Bishop of Botucatu, Brazil, on 8 December 1924. His public statements on the treatment of the poor in Brazil (by both the civil government and the Roman Church) resulted in his removal as Diocesan Bishop of Botucatu. Bishop Duarte Costa was subsequently named Titular Bishop of Maura by Pope Pius XII (Eugenio Cardinal Pacelli, Vatican Secretary of State until 1939 under Pope Pius XI). Archbishop Duarte Costa's criticisms of the Vatican, particularly the policy toward Nazi Germany, were not well received. He was formerly separated from the Church of Rome on 6 July 1945 after his strong and repeated public denunciations of the Vatican Secretariat of State for granting Vatican Passports to some very high ranking Nazis. Some of the most notorious Nazi war criminals (e.g., Adolf Eichmann and Dr. Josef Mengele, the "Angel of Death,") escaped trial after World War II using Vatican Passports to flee to South America. The government of Brazil also came under the Bishop's criticism for collaborating with the Vatican on these passports. Bishop Duarte Costa espoused what would be considered today as a rather liberal position on divorce, challenged mandatory celibacy for clergy, and publicly condemned the perceived abuses of papal power (especially the concept of Papal Infallibility, which he considered misguided and false).
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 3: Churches and Chapels
    Draft CHAPTER 3 Churches and Chapels Battersea’s places of worship mostly date (or dated) from the competitive Victorian era of church-building. Between 1906 and 1939 there were seventeen separate Anglican ecclesiastical parishes in Battersea, served by nineteen churches and two missions. All but two were created between 1847 and 1902. Eleven currently survive, seven in Anglican use, three under other Christian denominations, one as a community centre. Of the eight which have been demolished, four were rebuilt on a smaller scale after the Second World War; among these, one has passed to another denomination and another has shrunk itself again. Today there are ten Anglican churches in Battersea, one Georgian in date, six Victorian, and three of the post-war period. Battersea’s three Catholic churches date from between 1868 and 1907, and all are still in use. Nonconformists are harder to enumerate. There was one old-established Baptist congregation in the parish, but it was again during Victoria’s reign that missions and chapels ran riot. From over twenty foundations of that period just two, the Northcote Road Baptist Church and the Welsh Presbyterian Chapel in Beauchamp Road, can claim continuity in their original premises. Some have rebuilt, others have moved into their halls, but most have closed. St Mary’s, Battersea, pre-eminent as the original parish church, has been the subject of an exhaustive study, J. G. Taylor’s Our Lady of Batersey (1925). It was a dependency of Westminster Abbey up to the Reformation. Its patronage passed along with the manor of Battersea to the St John family in 1627 and hence in 1763 to the Earls Spencer.
    [Show full text]
  • Msdep1980 1 Ripon Index (148Kb)
    Handlist 47 APPENDIX III. PRINTED TEXTS CITED Ripon Chapter Acts Acts of Chapter of the Collegiate Church of SS. Peter and Wilfrid, Ripon AD 1452 to AD 1506; [edited by J T Fowler]. (Surtees Society volume 4). 1875 Memorials of Ripon Memorials of the Church of SS Peter and Wilfrid, Ripon; [edited by J T Fowler]. (Surtees Society, volumes 74, 78, 81, 115) 1882, 1884, 1888, 1908. INDEX Abbott, Christopher letter to, 4 September 1827 397.2 Act books 39-50 extracts from 448.2 Acts of Parliament see Parliament Adam (Sawley chapel) 356, p 57 Advocate General Opinion (1844) 21.1, 200.1 Affidavits of burials in woollen 113, 446 Affidavits of debt (Canon Fee Court) (1733-57) 327.1 (1758-1817) 335 Agarde, Arthur (1579) 370(5(f)) Aislabie, Mr. (1782) 381.2; William 389, p 90-91 Aismunderby, chapel of St John the Baptist 356, p 43-44 Easter dues (1661) 366.17 land 356, p 43-44; (1140) 370(5(b)) map of George Dawson's estates, 1619 366 property leases (1571-1636) 360.9 tenants (1461) 370(5(d)) (tithe) apportionments 400.1 tithes (1623) 366.4 Aismunderby, Lady Emma of 356, p 44 Alan 356,p29 Alan, canon 356, p 30 Alan, lord, of Aldfield 356, p 24 Alan, son of John Delat 356, p 8 Alben,Rogerof 356,p43-44 Aldbrough in Holderness tithes, 1795 425.1 Aldburgh tithes 356, p 5 Aldfield, chapel baptisms (1816-1838) 126-128 burials (1818-1839) 152-3 returns of register entries, 1839 157 chapel of St Laurence the Martyr 356, p 27-28 right of presentation to (1724-1744) 260.5 chantry chaplain 356 111 Handlist 47 pastoral supervision (3 November 1942) 278.12 Aldfield,LordAlanof
    [Show full text]
  • “Æthelthryth”: Shaping a Religious Woman in Tenth-Century Winchester" (2019)
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Doctoral Dissertations Dissertations and Theses August 2019 “ÆTHELTHRYTH”: SHAPING A RELIGIOUS WOMAN IN TENTH- CENTURY WINCHESTER Victoria Kent Worth University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2 Part of the Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, History Commons, History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, Literature in English, British Isles Commons, Medieval Studies Commons, Other English Language and Literature Commons, and the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Worth, Victoria Kent, "“ÆTHELTHRYTH”: SHAPING A RELIGIOUS WOMAN IN TENTH-CENTURY WINCHESTER" (2019). Doctoral Dissertations. 1664. https://doi.org/10.7275/13999469 https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2/1664 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “ÆTHELTHRYTH”: SHAPING A RELIGIOUS WOMAN IN TENTH-CENTURY WINCHESTER A Dissertation Presented By VICTORIA KENT WORTH Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 2019 Department of English © Copyright by Victoria Kent Worth 2019 All Rights Reserved “ÆTHELTHRYTH”: SHAPING
    [Show full text]
  • Durham E-Theses
    Durham E-Theses The constitution and the clergy op Beverley minster in the middle ages McDermid, R. T. W. How to cite: McDermid, R. T. W. (1980) The constitution and the clergy op Beverley minster in the middle ages, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7616/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk II BEVERIEY MINSTER FROM THE SOUTH Three main phases of building are visible: from the East End up to, and including, the main transepts, thirteenth century (commenced c.1230); the nave, fourteenth century (commenced 1308); the West Front, first half of the fifteenth century. The whole was thus complete by 1450. iPBE CONSTIOOTION AED THE CLERGY OP BEVERLEY MINSTER IN THE MIDDLE AGES. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be pubHshed without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of the YDOA March Edition
    The PipeLine Journal of the YDOA March Edition Patron: Dr Francis Jackson CBE (Organist Emeritus, York Minster) President: Nigel Holdsworth, 01904 640520 Secretary: Renate Sangwine, 01904 781387 Treasurer: Cynthia Wood, 01904 795204 Membership Secretary: Helen Roberts, 01904 708625 The PipeLine Editor, Webmaster and YDOA Archivist: Maximillian Elliott www.ydoa.co.uk The York & District Organists’ Association is affiliated to the Incorporated Association of Organists (IAO) and serves all who are interested in the organ and its music. Contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................ 3 2. YDOA Events ............................................................................... 4 3. The Ebor Organ Album……………………………………………… ............... 5 4. Previous Event ............................................................................ 6 5. Next Event ................................................................................... 8 6. Upcoming Recitals & Concerts…………………………………………………. 9 7. Gallery ....................................................................................... 12 8. Article I ...................................................................................... 13 9. Article II ..................................................................................... 14 10. Article III ................................................................................... 28 11. Organ of the Month .................................................................. 30 12.
    [Show full text]
  • The Apostolic Succession Of: the Most Rev'd Dr
    The Apostolic Succession Of: The Most Rev’d Dr. RICARDO LORITE DE LIMA (Archiepiscopus Brasilia) Installed Archbishop Primate of The Anglican Chuch of Brazil and Archbishop of The Anglican Independent Communion Worldwide for Brazil in 15th January 2006 Consecrated as Bishop in 15th January 2006 Consecrator: The Rt. Rev’d. Barry Frank Peachey CJ Metropolitan Chanceler of The Anglican Independent Communion Worldwide Co-consecrators: The Most Rev’d. Dr. Norman Sydney Dutton CJ – “in absentia” Metropolitan Archbishop of The Anglican Independent Communion Worldwide The Most Rev’d. Iranildo Macieira da Silva (Dom Lucas) Metropolitan Primate Archbishop of The Latin Episcopal Church of Brazil PETRINE LINE (Roman Catholic Succession) (1) St. Peter, 38; (2) St. Linus, 67; (3) St. Ancletus {Cletus}, 76; (4) St. Clement, 88; (5) St. Evaristus, 97; (6) St. Alexander I, 105; (7) St. Sixtus I, 115; (8) St. Telesphorus, 125; (9) St. Hygimus, 136; (10) St. Pius I, 140; (11) St. Anicetus, 155; (12) St. Soter, 166; (13) St. Eleutherius, 175; (14) St. Victor I, 189; (15) St. Zephyrinus, 199; 1 (16) St. Callistus I, 217; (17) St. Urban I, 222; (18) St. Pontian, 230; (19) St. Anterus, 235; (20) St. Fabian, 236; (21) St. Cornelius, 251; (22) St. Lucius I, 253; (23) St. Stephen I, 254; (24) St. Sixtus II, 257; (25) St. Dionysius, 259; (26) St. Felix I, 269; (27) St. Eutychian, 275; (28) St. Caius, 283; (29) St. Marcellinus, 296; (30) St. Marcellus I, 308; (31) St. Eucebius, 309; (32) St. Melchiades {Miltiades}, 311; (33) St. Sylvester I, 314; (34) St. Marcus, 336; (35) St.
    [Show full text]
  • THE FALL of ORTHODOX ENGLAND the Spiritual Roots of the Norman Conquest, 1043-1087
    THE FALL OF ORTHODOX ENGLAND The Spiritual Roots of the Norman Conquest, 1043-1087 Vladimir Moss © Vladimir Moss, 2007 FOREWORD ................................................................................................................4 INTRODUCTION: ENGLAND AND THE CONTINENT ...................................6 The Beginning of the End .......................................................................................6 The Rise of the Heretical Papacy .........................................................................8 The Growth of Feudalism....................................................................................11 The English Monarchy..........................................................................................16 Rome and the Holy Roman Empire....................................................................20 The Papal Reform Movement .............................................................................24 The Rise of the Normans......................................................................................28 The Challenge Facing the English.......................................................................30 1. SAINT EDWARD THE CONFESSOR (1043-1066)...........................................31 Early Years.............................................................................................................31 Years in Exile .........................................................................................................34 Edward the King....................................................................................................36
    [Show full text]