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Report on the Ensuring of Human Rights and Liberties in the Republic of Moldova in 2002

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Report on the Ensuring of Human Rights and Liberties in the Republic of Moldova in 2002 Report on the ensuring of human rights and liberties in the Republic of Moldova in 2002 The League for Defence of Human Rights of Moldova International Federation of Human Rights (FIDH, Paris-France) R E P O R T on the ensuring of human rights and liberties in the Republic of Moldova during 2002 C H I S I N A U, January 2003 1 League for Defence of Human Rights of Moldova (LADOM) C O N T E N T S P A R T I I. REPORT on the ensuring of human rights and liberties in the Republic of Moldova during 2002 ............................................................................. 3 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................ 3 2. The ensuring of Human Rights in the context of the European Convention of Human Rights................................................................... 6 2.1. The right to life ............................................................................................... 6 2.2. Torture, inhuman or degrading treatments and punishments ......................... 7 2.3. Slavery and forced labour .............................................................................. 10 2.4. The liberty and safety of the person .............................................................. 11 2.5. The right to a fair trial .................................................................................... 14 2.6. The right to privacy ........................................................................................ 16 2.7. Freedom of thought, conscious and confession ........................................... 16 2.8. Freedom of expression and information ........................................................ 18 2.9. The right to peaceful meetings ...................................................................... 26 2.10. The right to property ....................................................................................... 28 2.11. The right to education .................................................................................... 31 2.12. The right to free elections .............................................................................. 35 2.13. The rights of foreign citizens ......................................................................... 38 2.14. Discrimination .................................................................................................. 38 3. The ensuring of human rights in Transdniestria ...................................................... 40 4. The ensuring of human rights in TAU «Gagauz-Yeri» ............................................ 44 5. Conclusions ................................................................................................................ 45 P A R T II II. Reports on the implementation of the PACE Resolution 1280 (2002) ....................... 46 2.1.Reprot on the course of implementation of the PACE Resolution clauses from April 24, 2002 by the Republic of Moldova .................................................. 46 2.2.Report on the implementation of the PACE resolution from 24 April 2002 by the Republic of Moldova .................................................... 49 III. Alternative Report on the Ensuring of Civil and Political Rights ............................. 85 2 Report on the ensuring of human rights and liberties in the Republic of Moldova in 2002 PART I I. REPORT on the ensuring of human rights and liberties in the Republic of Moldova during 2002 1. Introduction In 2002 the Republic of Moldova has celebrated 13 years from its declaration of independence, 13 years of self-governing as an independent, sovereign and indivisible state. During this agitated and eventful time the inhabitants of the state have been facing the civil war, financial, economic, political and social crisis and, as a consequence, the territory of the state was divided into several parts (approximately 11% of the territory being uncontrolled by the central authorities). Unfortunately, the geopolitical situation of the Republic of Moldova had a negative impact on the development and evolution of the society and economy of the state. Since the beginning of the reforms and adoption of the new Constitution, the Republic of Moldova has sanctioned the modern democratic principles: the rule of law, market economy and the ensuring of human rights and liberties and adhered to the most important organisations and signed a series of international documents that have a valuable importance for the democratisation process of the post-totalitarian society. More over, there were times when Moldova was regarded as a leader between the promoters of democratic reforms from the South-eastern European and ex-soviet states (we are speaking about the privatisation of the state sector). But the incapacity of the authorities to solve the Transdniestrian dispute and the presence of a foreign army on the territory of the separatist region favoured the transformation of the young state with an inexperienced political class in an unstable region haunted by corruption and traffic of influence, political, social, economic and legislative instability that lead to incertitude in foreign policy, birth rate reduction, unemployment, mass emigration of citizens, trafficking in human beings and body organs etc. Thus, at the beginning of the III-rd millennium Moldova became the poorest state of Europe and one of the most social, economic and political unstable states. Since 25 February 2001, the Republic of Moldova became the first state with a Communist governance that got the majority of the electorate. The electoral message of the communists included the ceasing of many democratic reforms begun a little before, political and economic orientation towards eastern countries, restoring a series of principles of the former soviet state, increase of the living conditions of the population and peaceful solving of the Transdniestrian conflict. The experts have predicted the tensioning of the situation and the great crisis in Moldova. Unfortunately, the year 2002 proved true all their suppositions. After the estrangement of some territories of the Republic of Moldova in 2001, the crisis and cease of negotiations with the authorities from Tiraspol, the intention of introducing the Russian language as a compulsory discipline in schools and declaring it a state language, unjustified tensioning of the relationships with the neighbours, the censure of state Media means, as well as the revision of the territorial-administrative reform at the end of the year 2001, made the year 2002 be marked by mass protests of the opposition, which were supported by the independent press, civil society and intellectuality. On 9 January the Fraction of Popularly Christian Democratic Party (PCDP) from Moldova that constitutes the parliamentary opposition began manifestations of protest against the decision on the introduction of the Russian language as a compulsory discipline in schools. The protests began after the collection of thousands of signatures of the civil society against the abovementioned decision. Instead of civilised negotiations and discussions between the opposition and the power and instead of finding out ways of solving the problem, the Government emitted a decision on the replacement of 3 League for Defence of Human Rights of Moldova (LADOM) the subject „The History of Romanians “ with „The History of Moldova” and the Ministry of Justice decided to suspend the PCDP activities, fact that contributed to the outbreak of new popularly revolts. The number of protestors sometimes reached the figure of 80.000 persons, most of them being pupils, students and teachers from the educational institutions from the capital and its outskirts. The apogee was the unleashing of the Japanese strike of the journalists and employees of the „Teleradio- Moldova” State Company, that claimed for the removing of censure from the governmental Media institutions. Meantime, the protesting manifestations had been developing continuously. All these events draw the attention of the internal and international public opinion. The unwillingness of the governance to take into consideration the opinions of the citizens and the refusal of the authorities to discuss with the protestors and to give in by invoking such arguments as the mass support during elections, the absolute catch of the state power and the fulfilment of the electoral commitments made the Council of Europe the mediator of this internal conflict and the guarantee of peace and stability in Moldova. In this respect, the ensuring of fundamental human rights and liberties has become impossible. As a proof, we can take the great number of petitions submitted to the European Court for Human Rights; the disappearance of the deputy Vlad Cubreacov; the disappearance of another Moldovan official and the lack of any investigations; the unjustified and irresponsible accusations brought by some officials with regard to the financial support of protests by some internal (Transdniestrian separatists) and external forces (Romania and USA); the appearance of some xenophobia and nationalist groups that call the population for revenge; the decisions of the Constitutional Court on the illegacy of many legislative intentions of the governing party, the socio-economic situation that degraded till the lowest limits that threatened the civic peace and created favourable conditions for the appearance of new tensions in the region etc. Meantime, the press has initiated an ample anti-corruption
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