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Politica Externă a Republicii Moldova De La Independenţă La Președinţia Lui Vladimir Voronin

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Politica Externă a Republicii Moldova De La Independenţă La Președinţia Lui Vladimir Voronin Politica externă a Republicii Moldova De la independenţă la președinţia lui Vladimir Voronin Volumul I Ileana Racheru P R M D V V V I Bucureşti, 2020 Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naţionale a României RACHERU, ILEANA Politica externă a Republicii Moldova : de la independenţă la preşedenţia lui Vladimir Voronin / Ileana Racheru. - Bucureşti : Monitorul Oicial R.A., 2020- vol. ISBN 978-606-035-050-7 Vol. 1. - 2020. - Conţine bibliograie. - ISBN 978-606-035-047-7 94 Cuprins INTRODUCERE...................................................................................................................................... 9 Context...................................................................................................................................................... 12 Deruta psihologică și cunoașterea limitată a realităților de politică internațională 12 Politica internă .......................................................................................................................................... 13 Literatura de specialitate și inovația cercetării .......................................................................... 14 Procesul de elaborare a cercetării ..................................................................................................... 15 CAPITOLUL I Concepte, teorii, scheme de analiză. Un model de analiză a politicii externe a Republicii Moldova ........................................................................................................................ 17 Structura metodologică a studiului. Deinirea conceptelor utilizate................... 18 CAPITOLUL II Politica externă a Republicii Moldova. Evoluții, procese, decizii și rezultate (1990 – 2009). Evaluare generală ............................................................................................ 23 1. Faza de tatonare (1990 – 1991) ..................................................................................................... 23 2. Faza de activism acerb (de construcție) ..................................................................................... 24 2.1 Strategii de politică externă ale Republicii Moldova .................................................... 25 2.2 Strat egii, documente și primele tentative de soluționare a conflictului din Transnistria ............................................................................................................................ 27 3. Faza de consolidare (1993/1994 – 2000) .................................................................................. 28 3.1 Ieșirea din spațiul ex-sovietic. Primele vizite oiciale în Europa ............................. 28 3.2 Strategia de politică externă multivectorială .................................................................. 28 3.3 Noi negocieri cu Ucraina, România și Federația Rusă ................................................. 29 3.4 Formalizarea relațiilor cu UE/NATO ................................................................................... 30 3.5 Transnistria – un conflict cu soluții imposibile în favoarea Moscovei și a Tiraspolului ............................................................................................................................ 32 3.6 Neutralitatea .................................................................................................................................. 34 4. Faza de stagnare ................................................................................................................................... 34 4.1 Rela țiile bilaterale cu Federația Rusă, Ucraina și România – noi dispute și cordialitate de conjunctură .................................................................................................. 35 Relațiile bilaterale cu Ucraina ........................................................................................................ 36 4.2 Cooperarea în cadrul organizațiilor regionale ............................................................... 37 4.3 Iluziile integrării europene ...................................................................................................... 39 Proiectul globalist al politicii externe în perioada președinției lui Vladimir Voronin 41 5 4.4 Relațiile Republica Moldova – SUA ....................................................................................... 41 4.5 Transnistria. Conlictul cu „soluții” rusești imposibile ................................................. 42 4.6 Neutralitatea .................................................................................................................................. 46 CAPITOLUL III Decidenți și raporturi de putere în politica externă din Republica Moldova .. 47 Considerații generale ...................................................................................................................... 47 1. Atribuțiile președintelui în domeniul politicii externe .......................................................... 48 1.1 Consiliul prezidențial/Consiliul Suprem de Apărare ..................................................... 49 2. Atribuțiile guvernului în domeniul politicii externe .............................................................. 49 2.1 Ministerul Securității Statului/Serviciul de Informații și Securitate ..................... 51 2.2 Atribuțiile ministrului de externe în domeniul politicii externe ............................... 51 3. Atribuțiile parlamentului în domeniul politicii externe ....................................................... 52 4. Raporturile de putere dintre decidenții cu atribuții în domeniul politicii externe ...... 53 4.1 Raporturile de putere președinte – premier (guvern) .................................................. 53 4.2 Raporturile de putere președinte – parlament ................................................................ 54 4.3 Raporturile de putere parlament – guvern ....................................................................... 55 CAPITOLUL IV Factori informali care au inluențat decizia și procesul de politică externă din Republica Moldova ...................................................................................................... 57 1. Politica externă a Republicii Moldova în „imaginile” președinților ................................ 57 2. Relațiile guvern – președinte ca factor de inluență a deciziei de politică externă ...... 64 3. Inluența relației președinte – parlament asupra deciziei de politică externă .......... 65 4. Relațiile personale dintre decidenți ca factor de inluență a procesului de realizare a politicii externe ................................................................................................................................... 65 4.1 Relațiile personale președinte – premier ........................................................................... 65 4.2 Relațiile președinte – ministru de externe ......................................................................... 69 CAPITOLUL V Inluența opiniei publice asupra deciziei și procesului de politică externă din Republica Moldova ....................................................................................................... 71 1. Cadrul legislativ cu privire la accesul opiniei publice la decizia de politică externă... 71 2. Clasa politică și participarea opiniei publice la decizia de politică externă ............... 72 3. Opinia publică în procesul de adoptare a deciziei politice ................................................. 73 3.1 ONG-urile și decizia de politică externă .............................................................................. 74 CAPITOLUL VI Dezbaterile de politică externă din Republica Moldova ......................................... 77 1. Actori politici și programe electorale în dezbaterile de politică externă de la Chișinău 78 2. Occidentaliștii în dezbaterile de politică externă din Republica Moldova .................. 78 2.1 Regimul politic intern din Republica Moldova în viziunea occidentaliștilor ..... 78 2.2 Statul moldovenesc în viziunea occidentaliștilor .......................................................... 80 2.3 Direcțiile generale de politică externă în discursul occidentaliștilor ................... 82 6 2.4 Relațiile cu spațiul ex-sovietic în discursul de politică externă al occidentaliștilor 87 3. Slavoilii în dezbaterile de politică externă din Republica Moldova ............................. 89 3.1 Europa sau economia sovietică ca model pentru construcția regimului politic intern din Republica Moldova .................................................................................................. 89 3.2 Construcția statului Republica Moldova ca actor în relațiile internaționale în viziunea slavoililor ............................................................................................................... 91 3.3 Discursul despre relațiile Republicii Moldova cu Occidentul slavoililor ............. 91 3.4 Relațiile cu spațiul ex-sovietic în viziunea slavoililor ................................................. 93 3.5 Securitatea Republicii Moldova în viziunea slavoililor .............................................. 95 4. Pragmaticii în dezbaterile de politică externă din Republica Moldova ........................ 96 4.1 Regimul politic intern în viziunea pragmaticilor ........................................................... 96 4.2 Construcția statului Republica Moldova ca actor în relațiile internaționale în viziunea pragmaticilor .........................................................................................................
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