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The Third Crisis of the European Union Energy Report History Jakub Wiech Sławomir Moćkun the Battle Over Energiewende THE WARSAW INSTITUTE WARSAW REVIEW qr. 2. 2020 no. 13 ISSN 2543-9839 The Third Crisis of the European Union no. 13. 2020 www.warsawinstitute.review is more than a geopolitical quarterly! We also carry out: EXPERT DEBATES 15 online expert debates in 2020 ONLINE DEBATES in cooperation with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland and Regional Centers for International Debate 10 online debates organized in 2020 INTERVIEWS with representatives of the world of diplomacy, business and geopolitics PODCASTS on geopolitics and historical education 11 podcasts in 2020 ARTICLES on the current situation in the world Visit our website | warsawinstitute.review | Editorial is more than a geopolitical quarterly! We also carry out: EXPERT DEBATES 15 online expert debates in 2020 ONLINE DEBATES in cooperation with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland and Regional Centers for International Debate 10 online debates organized in 2020 Dear Readers, INTERVIEWS with representatives of the world of diplomacy, business and geopolitics cordially invite you to explore the next issue of the quarterly in which you will find: analyses of the PODCASTS on geopolitics and historical education international situation at this exceptional time when the 11 podcasts in 2020 Iworld is facing an economic crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic, general analyses of the political situation in ARTICLES selected countries as well as articles about Polish history. on the current situation in the world I particularly encourage you to read texts devoted the European Union – a commentary by Professor Tomasz Grzegorz Grosse on the EU summit in July 2020, during which the fate of the EU budget for the following years was decided, in addition to the analysis of the economic situation caused by the reaction of Member States and the Community itself to the pandemic, written by Przemysław Żurawski vel Grajewski. Also noteworthy is the article by Jakub Wiech on the so-called Energiewende, i.e. German energy transition strategy for the coming years. Furthermore, in the quarterly you can find two interviews with sitting Polish Members of the European Parliament. Anna Fotyga – former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Poland, spoke about the current geopolitical situation and the importance of cultural diplomacy in building soft power. Kosma Złotowski, MEP, answered questions about the new European Mobility Package, which governs EU transport regulations. Visit our website | warsawinstitute.review | 2/2020 3 Editorial This issue ends with two historical texts. The first of them is about the fate of the population of Augustów, i.e. a city The in north-eastern part of Poland. There, after the German Warsaw capitulation, the Red Army and communist security Institute forces committed the greatest post-war crime in Europe, Review as Sławomir Moćkun writes. The latter article, by Karol Wołek, deals with the historical liberation of the German © Copyright 2020 concentration camp by Poles. The Warsaw Institute Review Warsaw, Poland Wishing you a good read! Editor-in-Chief Izabela Wojtyczka Izabela Wojtyczka Editor-in-Chief [email protected] The Warsaw Institute Review Editing Łukasz Biernacki Translations Aleksandra Tomaszewska Paulina Piłat Paweł Andrejczuk Cover and Layout Katarzyna Dinwebel Jacek Kotela DTP and Printing www.sindruk.pl Public purpose co-financed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic od Poland in the competition "Cooperation in the Ministry Publisher Field of Public Diplomacy 2020". of Foreign Affairs The Warsaw Institute Republic of Poland Review Sp. z o.o. Świętokrzyska 18/410, 00-052 Warsaw, Poland Co-financed by the Minister of www.warsawinstitute.review Culture and National Heritage from [email protected] the Promotion of Culture Fund. The opinions given and the positions held in the materials published in the Warsaw Institute Review solely reflect the views of the authors and cannot Partners: be equated with the official position of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Foundation based in Warsaw, Poland Foundation based in United States of the Republic of Poland and Ministry of Culture and National Heritage of the Republic of Poland. ISSN 2543-9839 www.warsawinstitute.org www.warsaw.institute 4 The Warsaw Institute Review CONteNTS E20UROPEAN UNION MIDDLE64 EAST HISTORY115 Tomasz Grzegorz Jan Wójcik: Karol Wołek: Grosse: Turkey: In Search of Energy The liberation of the German A Hamiltonian Moment for to Fulfil Geopolitical concentration camp in the European Union Ambitions Holýšov, Czech Republic, by the Polish Armed Forces INTERVIEW MIDDLE EAST Izabela Wojtyczka Jan Wojcik Anna Fotyga Turkey: In Search of Energy to Fulfil interference of Chinese authorities 64 Geopolitical Ambitions 6 in Hong Kong EUROPEAN UNION INTERVIEW Professor Tomasz Grzegorz Grosse Berenika Grabowska How do you protect yourself from Kosma Złotowski 72 a knockout? The Mobility Package and the future 15 of European transport WESTERN BALKANS Robert Rajczyk, PhD EUROPEAN UNION 81 A Teenage Country Professor Tomasz Grzegorz Grosse WESTERN BALKANS A Hamiltonian Moment for the 20 European Union Mateusz Kubiak 89 Georgia in the face of challenges SECURITY REPORT EUROPEAN UNION Mirosław Maj Professor Przemysław Żurawski vel Cyberspace – A New Dimension of Grajewski International Conflicts 28 96 The Third Crisis of the European Union ENERGY REPORT HISTORY Jakub Wiech Sławomir Moćkun The Battle Over Energiewende. Will The Augustów Roundup: Genocide Berlin Defend Its Energy Influence in 105 in the shadow of Potsdam 35 Europe? HISTORY Karol Wołek MIDDLE EAST The liberation of the German Alexander Wielgos concentration camp in Holýšov, Czech 40 Iraq’s Two Rivers 115 Republic, by the Polish Armed Forces 2/2020 5 Interview INterfereNce OF CHINESE AUTHOritieS IN HONG KONG Izabela Wojtyczka's interview with Anna Fotyga A few days ago, together with a group of 787 other politicians, Member and former Chair of the European Parliament's Subcommittee on Security and Defense (SEDE) Minister Anna Fotyga condemned the unilateral introduction of national security regulations in Hong Kong. In the interview with The Warsaw Institute Review, she talks about the expected further interference of Chinese authorities in Hong Kong and her activities in Poland and abroad. 6 The Warsaw Institute Review The virus will change the EU, but not how we might expect ANNA FOTYGA HAS BEEN APPOINTED BY NATO SECRETARY GENERAL JENS © Anna Fotyga's private archive STOLTENBERG TO THE NATO REFLECTION GROUP. PHOTO: EUROPEAN PaRLIAMENT YOUR INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES contributed to a determined response of ARE VERY IMPRESSIVE AND VISIBLE the institutions of the European Union. ON ALMOST EVERY CONTINENT. Every few months I visit Georgia, trying to COULD YOU PLEASE TELL US engage representatives of various political SOMETHING ABOUT THESE ACTIONS groups through different formats. They REACHING FROM AFRICA TO THE often come to the Caucasus for the first ARCTIC? time and have the opportunity to watch The European Parliament is indeed the ‘borderization’ process. Such actions a place concentrated on many global translate into tangible effects. Our reports issues. Unfortunately, when it comes or joint resolutions are expressive – they to matters of security, one of the areas force corrections of certain policies and of my work, we are confronted with an changes in their financing. One of the accumulation of problems. For some time examples is the renowned resolution now, an expression arc of instability has on the tenth anniversary of the August been commonly used to describe the area 2008 War in Georgia. Of course, I am stretching from the Sahel to Afghanistan. in constant contact with civil society in After 2014, a similar arc has been formed, Belarus. this time covering the territory from the Arctic to the Black Sea – where the main Speaking of territories located far vulnerability factor can be identified away from Poland, yet important for much more easily. That is why we remain my country, I was also an author of a engaged. I have visited the frontline in comprehensive report on Afghanistan Donbas three times, chairing the first and the EU-Afghanistan Cooperation EU mission to the contact line. Shortly Agreement on Partnership and before the blockade of the Azov Sea I Development (CAPD). As the ECR foreign led a mission to Mariupol, which has affairs coordinator, I have been involved 2/2020 7 Interview RUSSIA’S AGGRESSION ON UKRAINE REMAINS THE TOP PRIORITY IN FOTYGA’S ACTIVITIES IN THE EP. ANNA FOTYGA HOSTED NUMEROUS CONFERENCES AND HAS LAUNCHED MANY INITIATIVES DEDICATED TO THE SITUATION OF POLITICAL PRISONERS AND HOSTAGES OF THE KREMLIN. PHOTO: OffICE OF MEP ANNA FOTYGA in a comprehensive range of issues, Naturally, we address many problems also during the ongoing term. Frankly with a comprehensive approach, which speaking, I find negotiations of common is why I have been active in domains positions very rewarding. We are currently related to freedom of navigation and working on the text of a resolution maritime safety, for example concerning regarding the reduction of Hong Kong’s the blockade of the Azov Sea, threats in autonomy, recommendations on the future the Strait of Hormuz, and anti-piracy of the Eastern Partnership, and relations activities in the Horn of Africa and the with the Western Balkan countries. Gulf of Guinea. During this term of office, I was appointed standing rapporteur of the European For several years now, I have been Parliament for the Arctic, an area facing following the Chinese expansion in South important processes. China and East China Seas and initiating 8 The Warsaw Institute Review The virus will change the EU, but not how we might expect eastern neighborhood, in the Middle and the Far East, and Africa. Therefore, our missions were directed not only to Ukraine or Georgia but also to countries in Africa. We had the opportunity to assess the security situation and the performance of EUCAP missions in Mali, Niger, CAR, and the eastern DRC. We support G5 Sahel, evaluate the functioning of aid instruments, and are about to complete our report on EU- African security cooperation.
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