Ando Leps IN LIEU OF THE SUMMARY REFLECTIONS AND REFLECTIONS AND REMEMBRANCES AND REMEMBRANCES REFLECTIONS REMEMBRANCES of a Pupil of the University of Tartu Ando Leps Reflections and Remembrances of a Pupil of the University of Tartu Tallinn 2017 Ando Leps Reflections and Remembrances of a Pupil of the University of Tartu. Ando Leps Tallinn, 2017 This book handles in the first place the matters related to biography of Ando Leps, his formation as a scientist, his scientific achievements and some thoughts about a scien- tist, as a personality. The book also presents some thoughts of politicians, scientists and journalists of six countries about author of the book. The book presents eight articles written by the author in 1988-2016, which character- ise his views on most important social-economic and juridical problems of Estonia and also the whole world. The book can be recommended to jurists, philosophers, sociologists, political scien- tists and psychologists; to lecturers, doctoral students, post-graduate students and undergraduates. © Ando Leps, 2017 Cover and layout Toomas Ild Printed in Eesti Print OÜ, Tallinn, Estonia ISBN 978-9949-81-635-4 Table of Contents From the editor ..................................................................................................................6 Section one. Curriculum vita of Ando Leps ..................................................................9 Section two. How statesmen, scientists of stature and distinguished journalists of various countries regarded Ando Leps and appreciated his scientific works, as well as his political activity at the onset of his 80th birthday ...... 31 Section three. Relation of Ando Leps with the historical Narva ................................... 53 Section four. Witch hunt in the Department of Law of the University of Tartu ...........59 Section five. It is 45 years now from the fire in the main building of the University of Tartu .............................................................................................71 Section six. How I occurred abroad for the first time .............................................85 Section seven. How I possibly helped prevent bloodshed in Estonia on August 7, i.e. before the coup in Moscow on 19-21 August 1991 (a historical narrative of a hearing) ........................................................91 Section eight. The Soviet power still thrives in Estonia ...............................................99 Section nine. The State of Rome and the present Estonia ........................................109 Section ten. Problems of Russia, having influenced and still influencing the whole world (Small states (Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) in tempestuous clashes of major powers, in particular in the 20th C.) ........113 From the editor Author of this book is an internationally recognized Estonian scientist in law Ando Leps. The book contains ten paragraphs of which the first speaks about his biography and formation as a scientist. The second part is dedicated to the opinion of politi- cians, scientists and journalists of six countries about the author. The third part is related to the mediaeval baroque-style historical Narva, one of the most beautiful towns in Europe, which was almost fully destroyed during the war. It is the home- town of mother of the author of book. The fourth and the fifth parts speak about one of the most famous universities of Eastern Europe – the University of Tartu. They recount about the author of the book having studied at the Department of Law and Economics of the University, and about the fire in the main building of the Univer- sity. In the sixth part the author bestows a fleeting glance on his first trip abroad, when he was at last allowed to travel without USSR, to Bulgaria as a matter of fact, as late as at end of the summer 1988. The seventh paragraph is dedicated to one of the certainly grandest interrogations in the nearest history of Europe, held on 7 August 1991, immediately before the coup in Moscow (19-21 August 1991). In the eighth part the author claims that the Soviet-period mentality still thrives in the Republic of Estonia. Of interest is the comparison in the ninth part of the State of Rome and the State of Estonia. In the tenth paragraph the author considers the most important political, economic and juridical events witnessed in the whole world in the past one hundred years. The book contains ten articles, written at different time, therefore there are repeti- tions in some places of the text, but as the ancient saying goes: repetitio mater studi- orum est. The author of the book expresses his thanks to the specialist in English PhD Ants Pihlak, who edited the text and provided some help in solving some minor linguistic issues cropping up in the process. Enjoy your reading! Rector of the EuroAcademy (Tallinn) Member of Academy Yuri Martin 6 Section one Curriculum vita of Ando Leps I was born on 06 November 1935 in North Estonia, in the Virumaa County, the town of Rakvere. My father August Julius Leps (02.01.1896 parish of Adavere, county of Viljandi – 26.02.1972 Stockholm, Sweden), was attorney at law and politician, member of Riigikogu of the IV and V compositions in 1929-1937, participant of the War for Independence (1918-1920) (enlisted as a student). Mother Julie Leps (maiden name Sahk) (05.03.1893 parish of Imavere, county of Viljandi– 05.03.1985 Rakvere) was teacher of music and foreign languages. Father graduated from Department of Law of the University of Tartu in 1923 with the diploma of the 2nd class and in 1924 with the diploma of the 1st class. In Sweden he worked at library of the Uppsala University, as many representatives of Estonian intelligentsia did. He also helped the doctoral students at writing their doctoral theses. Father was proficient in about 10 foreign languages. See for instance: August Leps. Väikeriik ja diktatuur. (A small country and dictatorship) // Akadeemia 1937, no. 5; Mitte sotsialism vaid kodanlik demokraatia. (Not the Socialism but the bourgeois democracy) // Akadeemia 1940, no. 1; Eesti maarahva ülikkonnast 13 ja 14 sajandil. (Nobility of the Estonian country folk in the 13th and the 14th C.). Uppsala. 1959, manuscript; Mälestu- si… (Recollections...). Uppsala-Stockholm. 1957-67, manuscript. The Leps´family spending the summer in Narva-Jõesuu in 1938. Up front - father August Julius, Ando, mother Julie and brother Aaso; behind - brother Olaf and sister Astrid. It is the sole photo preserved, ehere the whole Leps´family are together. Reflections and remembrances 9 I started my path of school in 1943 in the 1st 6-year school of Rakvere. In 1950 I went to the 1st Secondary School of Rakvere. In 1954–1955 I studied on recommendation of Prof. Gustav Ernesaks at Tallinn and Tartu Music Secondary Schools. Because the Music Secondary School did not relieve one of the duties of service in the Soviet Army, I finished the 1st Secondary School of Rakvere in 1955 as external student. My performance was not especially outstanding in comprehensive education schools, because I did not fully feel the need to study. I was too versatile and had too many various hobbies. I have been surely much influenced by my childhood home. My father, who was a politician-attorney at law, is said to have been a very upright man. This drive for integrity has been inculcated in me since boyhood. I saw him last when I was almost 9, in September 1944. My father fled the red terror, because such scum like Johannes and Olga Lauristin and others had been after him already in 1941. All father’s assis- tants were killed. We did not know where the father had gone and whether he had altogether got to the West over the Baltic Sea. It was only a couple of years later that mother learned through relatives that father was alive and was residing in Sweden. I have a long memory reaching well into the past of the days when in mornings of Sundays I visited Rakvere with mother, during the German occupation. We went to the cinema “Skala” in Pikk Street, where children’s films were shown, such as Mickey Mouse “Wild Waves“. Before the children’s films the topical newsreels were shown, also shorter films. I remember the film about the Boer-British wars in South Africa from end 19th C. – beginning 20th C., where British invaders displayed savage cruelty with regard to peace-loving Boers, in particular children, women and the elderly. I have also deep memory of the newsreels, showing endless rows of Russian POWs, which depressed me. Because I have always stood up for the underdog, those scenes impressed on me the value of honesty – to live honourably, to harm no one, to give to each his own. In 1955 I received an invitation from the Symphonic Orchestra of the Estonian Radio to appear for an interview regarding my suitability for the position of an assistant concert-master of French-horn instrument group. I did not answer the invitation, because in 1955 I succeeded in enrolling at Department of Law and Economy of the Tartu State University, which I graduated from in 1960 with the qualification of jurist. I got the degree of Candidate in Law in 1982, at the USSR Academy of the Ministry of the Interior, Moscow. My dissertation was titled “Imitational modelling of social de- termination of criminal activity in a major region”. I got the degree of Doctor in Law in 1992, at the University of Tartu. My dissertation was titled “Criminal activity in Es- tonia (theoretical and practical issues of comparative treatment of criminal activity)”. It would be to a point to say a few words about the defence of my doctoral disserta- 10 tion at the University of Tartu. I defended the doctoral dissertation, actually mono- graph „ Criminal activity in Estonia (theoretical and practical issues of comparative treatment of criminal activity)” in the hall of Learned Council of the University of Tartu on 19 June 1992.