And Estonian Kalev
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Minorities and Majorities in Estonia: Problems of Integration at the Threshold of the Eu
MINORITIES AND MAJORITIES IN ESTONIA: PROBLEMS OF INTEGRATION AT THE THRESHOLD OF THE EU FLENSBURG, GERMANY AND AABENRAA DENMARK 22 to 25 MAY 1998 ECMI Report #2 March 1999 Contents Preface 3 The Map of Estonia 4 Ethnic Composition of the Estonian Population as of 1 January 1998 4 Note on Terminology 5 Background 6 The Introduction of the Seminar 10 The Estonian government's integration strategy 11 The role of the educational system 16 The role of the media 19 Politics of integration 22 International standards and decision-making on the EU 28 Final Remarks by the General Rapporteur 32 Appendix 36 List of Participants 37 The Integration of Non-Estonians into Estonian Society 39 Table 1. Ethnic Composition of the Estonian Population 43 Table 2. Estonian Population by Ethnic Origin and Ethnic Language as Mother Tongue and Second Language (according to 1989 census) 44 Table 3. The Education of Teachers of Estonian Language Working in Russian Language Schools of Estonia 47 Table 4 (A;B). Teaching in the Estonian Language of Other Subjects at Russian Language Schools in 1996/97 48 Table 5. Language Used at Home of the First Grade Pupils of the Estonian Language Schools (school year of 1996/97) 51 Table 6. Number of Persons Passing the Language Proficiency Examination Required for Employment, as of 01 August 1997 52 Table 7. Number of Persons Taking the Estonian Language Examination for Citizenship Applicants under the New Citizenship Law (enacted 01 April 1995) as of 01 April 1997 53 2 Preface In 1997, ECMI initiated several series of regional seminars dealing with areas where inter-ethnic tension was a matter of international concern or where ethnopolitical conflicts had broken out. -
Arch : Northwestern University Institutional Repository
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Myth and the Modern Problem: Mythic Thinking in Twentieth-Century Britain A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Field of History By Matthew Kane Sterenberg EVANSTON, ILLINOIS December 2007 2 © Copyright by Matthew Kane Sterenberg 2007 All Rights Reserved 3 ABSTRACT Myth and the Modern Problem: Mythic Thinking in Twentieth-Century Britain Matthew Sterenberg This dissertation, “Myth and the Modern Problem: Mythic Thinking in Twentieth- Century Britain,” argues that a widespread phenomenon best described as “mythic thinking” emerged in the early twentieth century as way for a variety of thinkers and key cultural groups to frame and articulate their anxieties about, and their responses to, modernity. As such, can be understood in part as a response to what W.H. Auden described as “the modern problem”: a vacuum of meaning caused by the absence of inherited presuppositions and metanarratives that imposed coherence on the flow of experience. At the same time, the dissertation contends that— paradoxically—mythic thinkers’ response to, and critique of, modernity was itself a modern project insofar as it took place within, and depended upon, fundamental institutions, features, and tenets of modernity. Mythic thinking was defined by the belief that myths—timeless rather than time-bound explanatory narratives dealing with ultimate questions—were indispensable frameworks for interpreting experience, and essential tools for coping with and criticizing modernity. Throughout the period 1900 to 1980, it took the form of works of literature, art, philosophy, and theology designed to show that ancient myths had revelatory power for modern life, and that modernity sometimes required creation of new mythic narratives. -
Ancestor Tables
Swedish American Genealogist Volume 10 Number 4 Article 9 12-1-1990 Ancestor Tables Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.augustana.edu/swensonsag Part of the Genealogy Commons, and the Scandinavian Studies Commons Recommended Citation (1990) "Ancestor Tables," Swedish American Genealogist: Vol. 10 : No. 4 , Article 9. Available at: https://digitalcommons.augustana.edu/swensonsag/vol10/iss4/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Swenson Swedish Immigration Research Center at Augustana Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Swedish American Genealogist by an authorized editor of Augustana Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. (ISSN 0275-9314) Swedis•h American Genealo ist A journal devoted to Swedish American biography, genealogy and personal history CONTENTS Repositories of Scandinavian-American Materials: A Partial Directory 162 Swedes in the Naturalization Index - A Sampling 170 John Root Once More 178 A Swedish Bible Inscription 185 When Andrew Jackson Helped a Swedish(?) Tailor 186 Brodd-Jonas and Brodd-Marta: Two Bishop Hill Colonists Identified 188 Charles XII in America 190 Ancestor Tables 191 Genealogical Queries 194 What Happened to John Asplund's New Collections? 201 Index of Personal Names 203 Index of Place Names 219 Index of Ships' Names 224 Vol. X December 1990 No. 4 1 l • • ,-1. 1I Swedish America~ Genealogist Copyright © 1990 Swedish American Genealogist P.O. Box 2186 Winter Park. FL 32790 Tel. (407) 647-4292 (ISSN 0275-9314) Editor and Publisher Ni ls William Olsson, Ph.D .. F.A.S.G. I Contributing Editors Glen E. Brolander, Augustana College, Rock Is land, IL I l Peter Stebbins Craig, J .D. -
Annual Review 2006
CONTACT INFORMATION Finnair Plc Helsinki-Vantaa Airport Tietotie 11 A FI-01053 FINNAIR Switchboard +358 9 818 81 www.finnair.com www.finnair.com/group Senior Vice President Communications Christer Haglund Telephone +358 9 818 4007 Fax +358 9 818 4092 [email protected] Senior Vice President and CFO Lasse Heinonen Telephone +358 9 818 4950 Fax +358 9 818 4092 [email protected] Director, Investor Relations Taneli Hassinen Telephone +358 9 818 4976 Fax +358 9 818 4092 [email protected] Investor Relations Telephone +358 9 818 4951 Fax +358 9 818 4092 [email protected] 2006 The 2006 annual report is intended to be a travel guide into the world of Finnair. We are a reliable airline, we have a comprehensive route network and we provide fi rst class service. Our customers are satisfi ed. We realised in time the growth potential of Asian traffi c and got down to work in the company. We could tell people how good our connections are via Helsinki from Europe to Asia and vice versa. A map of Asia and new aircraft. This is good material for a travel guide. Shall we continue with these themes? Christer Haglund, SVP Communications and Jukka Hienonen, President and CEO Indeed. We have already achieved our vision “Best in Northern Skies, European Excellence”. Now we will empha- sise our role in traffi c between Europe and Asia. CONTENTS Information for Shareholders .......................................4 Absolutely. We have a story Key Figures 2006 .........................................................4 of strong growth to tell. Invest in Finnair ...........................................................6 We must remember to mention Traffi c Information and Fleet ........................................7 that we are in strong shape Review by the President & CEO .....................................9 fi nancially, as we start to On Finnish Wings to the Ends of the Earth .................10 invest in a new Asian fl eet. -
Facts and Figures Territory Religion Historical
TERRITORY HISTORICAL OVERVIEW INDEPENDENCE Estonia is the smallest of the three Baltic states Estonians have lived in Under Russian rule, a cultural Russification was located on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea what is today’s Estonian imposed upon Estonians until 24 February 1918 only about 50 miles across Helsinki, Finland. Its lands for 11,000 years. when Estonia proclaimed independence. This flat landscape is The common belief is they FINLAND lasted until 21 July 1940 when the Soviet Union shaped by the migrated westward from illegally incorporated Estonia into the Union of glaciers of the Gulf of Finland the Volga region near the Soviet Republics through the infamous Molotov- Baltic Continental Sea Narva Ural Mountains. Unlike Ribbentrop Pact of 1939. Russification and Ice Belt and Tallinn Tapa other branches of Finno- Old Town, Tallinn Sovietization of cultural, economic, and political life the Baltic Sea. Ugric people who migrated south to what today consisted of forced collectivization, expropriation of Historically, is Hungary, the ancestors of Estonians settled in private property, and central planning accompanied the Baltic Sea Tartu RUSSIA the northern part of Europe in today’s Estonia and by mass deportations to Siberia, mass executions, has served as a Finland. Squeezed between the Slavic nations in Gulf out-migration and low-birth rates. The outcome was trade route and a of the east and Germanic ones in the south and west, a change in demographics among ethnic Estonians, source of wealth Riga LATVIA Estonia has been invaded, Russians and Russian-speaking people. Estonia for the coastal occupied and ruled for 700 reclaimed independence on 20 August 1991. -
Scandinavian Word Phonology: Evidence for a Typological Cycle
Kurt Braunmüller (Hamburg University): Scandinavian word phonology: evidence for a typological cycle 1. The Germanic languages: phonological principles and drift (a) Grimm‟s and Verner‟s Law, (b) consequent placement of stress on the first sylla- ble of a word, (c) subsequent reduction of vowels in unstressed syllables (cf. Gothic /i, a, u/ or Faroese /e [< ], a/) but there are also languages with schwa (/ë/) or apocope: //. Drift: (1) Dominance of monosyllabic words with complex consonant clusters in the coda, (2) this could give rise to the origin of (simple) tone languages (e.g. in SE Jutish, cf. Braunmüller 1995b/[1987]), in Low German and some Norwegian dialects), and (3) apocope and/or schwa (quite typical for many modern Germanic languages). 2. Intervening factors In the Scandinavian languages: (I) Emergence of (new) clitics, both in the nominal and the verbal part of grammar, (II) language contact (vowel harmony, new word formation elements), (III) language cultivation and language planning; moreover: com- plex consonant (C) clusters: in the onset (1–3 Cs), in the coda (with a max. of 5 Cs). 3. Splitting up Proto-Germanic: mainly a case of vowel change? Relative continuity of the consonantal frames (exception: [Old] High German); a short paradigmatic survey of this development: (1) Gallehus (about 425 AD): ek hlewagastiR holtijaR horna tawido (where the final R still represents [z] and not [r], as it did in later times) „I Legest, son of/from Holt, made [the] horn. (2) *ek[a] hlewa stiz hultijaz hurnan tawiðón. (Proto-Germanic) (3) *ik hliugasts hulteis haúrn tawida. (Gothic) (4) *ek hlégestr hyltir horn g{e|ø}rða [táða]. -
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN History of the German Language 1 Indo
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN History of the German Language 1 Indo-European and Germanic Background Indo-European Background It has already been mentioned in this course that German and English are related languages. Two languages can be related to each other in much the same way that two people can be related to each other. If two people share a common ancestor, say their mother or their great-grandfather, then they are genetically related. Similarly, German and English are genetically related because they share a common ancestor, a language which was spoken in what is now northern Germany sometime before the Angles and the Saxons migrated to England. We do not have written records of this language, unfortunately, but we have a good idea of what it must have looked and sounded like. We have arrived at our conclusions as to what it looked and sounded like by comparing the sounds of words and morphemes in earlier written stages of English and German (and Dutch) and in modern-day English and German dialects. As a result of the comparisons we are able to reconstruct what the original language, called a proto-language, must have been like. This particular proto-language is usually referred to as Proto-West Germanic. The method of reconstruction based on comparison is called the comparative method. If faced with two languages the comparative method can tell us one of three things: 1) the two languages are related in that both are descended from a common ancestor, e.g. German and English, 2) the two are related in that one is the ancestor of the other, e.g. -
The Seto Language in Estonia
Working Papers in European Language Diversity 8 Kadri Koreinik The Seto language in Estonia: An Overview of a Language in Context Mainz Helsinki Wien Tartu Mariehamn Oulu Maribor Working Papers in European Language Diversity is a peer-reviewed online publication series of the research project ELDIA, serving as an outlet for preliminary research findings, individual case studies, background and spin-off research. Editor-in-Chief Johanna Laakso (Wien) Editorial Board Kari Djerf (Helsinki), Riho Grünthal (Helsinki), Anna Kolláth (Maribor), Helle Metslang (Tartu), Karl Pajusalu (Tartu), Anneli Sarhimaa (Mainz), Sia Spiliopoulou Åkermark (Mariehamn), Helena Sulkala (Oulu), Reetta Toivanen (Helsinki) Publisher Research consortium ELDIA c/o Prof. Dr. Anneli Sarhimaa Northern European and Baltic Languages and Cultures (SNEB) Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Jakob-Welder-Weg 18 (Philosophicum) D-55099 Mainz, Germany Contact: [email protected] © European Language Diversity for All (ELDIA) ELDIA is an international research project funded by the European Commission. The views expressed in the Working Papers in European Language Diversity are the sole responsibility of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. All contents of the Working Papers in European Language Diversity are subject to the Austrian copyright law. The contents may be used exclusively for private, non-commercial purposes. Regarding any further uses of the Working Papers in European Language Diversity, please contact the publisher. ISSN 2192-2403 Working Papers in European Language Diversity 8 During the initial stage of the research project ELDIA (European Language Diversity for All) in 2010, "structured context analyses" of each speaker community at issue were prepared. -
Putting Frisian Names on the Map
GEGN.2/2021/68/CRP.68 15 March 2021 English United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names Second session New York, 3 – 7 May 2021 Item 12 of the provisional agenda * Geographical names as culture, heritage and identity, including indigenous, minority and regional languages and multilingual issues Putting Frisian names on the map Submitted by the Netherlands** * GEGN.2/2021/1 ** Prepared by Jasper Hogerwerf, Kadaster GEGN.2/2021/68/CRP.68 Introduction Dutch is the national language of the Netherlands. It has official status throughout the Kingdom of the Netherlands. In addition, there are several other recognized languages. Papiamentu (or Papiamento) and English are formally used in the Caribbean parts of the Kingdom, while Low-Saxon and Limburgish are recognized as non-standardized regional languages, and Yiddish and Sinte Romani as non-territorial minority languages in the European part of the Kingdom. The Dutch Sign Language is formally recognized as well. The largest minority language is (West) Frisian or Frysk, an official language in the province of Friesland (Fryslân). Frisian is a West Germanic language closely related to the Saterland Frisian and North Frisian languages spoken in Germany. The Frisian languages as a group are closer related to English than to Dutch or German. Frisian is spoken as a mother tongue by about 55% of the population in the province of Friesland, which translates to some 350,000 native speakers. In many rural areas a large majority speaks Frisian, while most cities have a Dutch-speaking majority. A standardized Frisian orthography was established in 1879 and reformed in 1945, 1980 and 2015. -
Helgenforteljingane Si Rolle I Tidleg Jødedom, Kristendom Og Islam
Det velges mellom: RELV202/302 The Religions and Mythologies of the Baltic Finns og RELV202/302: Hagiografiar - Helgenforteljingane si rolle i tidleg jødedom, kristendom og islam RELV202/302 The Religions and Mythologies of the Baltic Finns Course literature Books (can be borrowed at the University Library or bought by the student) The Kalevala (Oxford World’s Classics). Translated by Keith Bosley. Oxford 2009: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-199-53886-7. Or a translation of the Kalevala into your own language; some examples: Kalevala [Danish]. [Transl. by] Ferdinand Ohrt. Copenhagen 1985 and later: Reitzel. Le Kalevala [French]. [Transl. by] Gabriel Rebourcet. Paris 2010: Gallimard, coll. Quarto. Kalevala [German]. [Transl. by] Lore Fromm & Hans Fromm. Wiesbaden 2005: Marix Verlag. Kalevala [Norwegian]. [Transl. by] Albert Lange Fliflet. Oslo 1999: Aschehoug. El Kalevala [Spanish]. [Transl. by] juan Bautista Bergua. Madrid 1999: Ediciones Ibéricas. Kalevala [Swedish]. [Transl. by] Lars Huldén & Mats Huldén. Stockholm 2018: Atlantis. (For a full list of translations, see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Kalevala_translations) NB! Only songs 1–15, 39–49. Pentikäinen, Juha. 1999. Kalevala Mythology. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-33661-9 (pbk). 296 pp. Siikala, Anna-Leena. 2002. Mythic Images and Shamanism: A Perspective on Kalevala Poetry. Helsinki: Suomalainen tiedeakademia / Finnish Academy of Science and Letters. ISBN 951-41-0902-3 (pbk). 423 pp. Book chapters – can be ordered from litteraturkiosken.uib Finnish Folk Poetry-Epic: An Anthology in Finnish and English (Publications of the Finnish Literature Society 329). Helsinki 1977: Finnish Literature Society. ISBN 951-717-087-4. Only the following pages: 83–92 (Creation), 98 (Smith), 102–109 (Singing match), 183–190 (The spell), 191–195 (Tuonela), 195–199 (Sun and moon), 212–220 (Lemminkäinen), 281–282 (Lähtö), 315–320 (St. -
Culture and Sports
2003 PILK PEEGLISSE • GLANCE AT THE MIRROR Kultuur ja sport Culture and Sports IMEPÄRANE EESTI MUUSIKA AMAZING ESTONIAN MUSIC Millist imepärast mõju avaldab soome-ugri What marvellous influence does the Finno-Ugric keelkond selle kõnelejate muusikaandele? language family have on the musical talent of Selles väikeses perekonnas on märkimisväär- their speakers? In this small family, Hungarians seid saavutusi juba ungarlastel ja soomlastel. and Finns have already made significant achieve- Ka mikroskoopilise Eesti muusikaline produk- ments. Also the microscopic Estonia stuns with its tiivsus on lausa harukordne. musical productivity. Erkki-Sven Tüür on vaid üks neist Tallinnast Erkki-Sven Tüür is only one of those voices coming tulevatest häältest, kellest kõige kuulsamaks from Tallinn, the most famous of whom is regarded võib pidada Arvo Pärti. Dirigent, kes Tüüri to be Arvo Pärt. The conductor of the Birmingham symphony orchestra who performed on Tüür's plaadil "Exodus" juhatab Birminghami süm- record "Exodus" is his compatriot Paavo Järvi, fooniaorkestrit, on nende kaasmaalane Paavo regarded as one of the most promising conductors. Järvi, keda peetakse üheks paljulubavamaks (Libération, 17.10) dirigendiks. (Libération, 17.10) "People often talk about us as being calm and cold. "Meist räägitakse tavaliselt, et oleme rahulik ja This is not so. There is just a different kind of fire külm rahvas. See ei vasta tõele. Meis põleb teist- burning in us," decleares Paavo Järvi, the new sugune tuli," ütles Bremeni Kammerfilharmoo- conductor of the Bremen Chamber Philharmonic. nia uus dirigent Paavo Järvi. Tõepoolest, Paavo Indeed, Paavo Järvi charmed the audience with Järvi võlus publikut ettevaatlike käeliigutuste, careful hand gestures, mimic sprinkled with winks silmapilgutusterohke miimika ja hiljem temaga and with a dry sense of humour, which became vesteldes avaldunud kuiva huumoriga. -
Études Finno-Ougriennes, 46 | 2014 the Khanty Mother of God and the Finnish Woman with Deep Blue Eyes 2
Études finno-ougriennes 46 | 2014 Littératures & varia The Khanty Mother of God and the Finnish woman with deep blue eyes La mère de Dieu khantye et la Finnoise aux yeux bleus Handi Jumalaema ja tema süvameresilmadega soome õde: „Märgitud“ (1980) ja „Jumalaema verisel lumel“ (2002) Elle-Mari Talivee Electronic version URL: https://journals.openedition.org/efo/3298 DOI: 10.4000/efo.3298 ISSN: 2275-1947 Publisher INALCO Printed version Date of publication: 1 January 2014 ISBN: 978-2-343-05394-3 ISSN: 0071-2051 Electronic reference Elle-Mari Talivee, “The Khanty Mother of God and the Finnish woman with deep blue eyes”, Études finno-ougriennes [Online], 46 | 2014, Online since 09 October 2015, connection on 08 July 2021. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/efo/3298 ; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/efo.3298 This text was automatically generated on 8 July 2021. Études finno-ougriennes est mis à disposition selon les termes de la Licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d’Utilisation Commerciale 4.0 International. The Khanty Mother of God and the Finnish woman with deep blue eyes 1 The Khanty Mother of God and the Finnish woman with deep blue eyes La mère de Dieu khantye et la Finnoise aux yeux bleus Handi Jumalaema ja tema süvameresilmadega soome õde: „Märgitud“ (1980) ja „Jumalaema verisel lumel“ (2002) Elle-Mari Talivee 1 In the following article, similarities between two novels, one by an Estonian and the other by a Khanty writer, are discussed while comparing possible resemblances based on the Finno-Ugric way of thinking. Introduction 2 One of the writers is Eremei Aipin, a well-known Khanty writer (born in 1948 in Varyogan near the Agan River), whose works have been translated into several languages.