Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18256-1 — Byzantine Legal Culture and the Roman Legal Tradition, 867–1056 Zachary Chitwood Index More Information

231

Index

Abbasid Caliphate, 19 , 20 , 132 Balkans, 19 , 20 Abū l- Barakāt, 127 transmission of Byzantine law, 124 – 25 actions, names of, 180 Basil I, Emperor, 20 Africa, 91 – 92 ethnic origin, 18n. 8 afterlife, conceptions of the, 93 – 94 exchange of letters with Louis II, 20 – 21 Against the Jacobites , 140 forced conversion of Jews, 145 agape , 87 Basil Pekoules, 147 Agapetos the Deacon, 87 Basil, quaestor, 66 akroatai , 50 – 51 , 113 Basilika , 32 – 35 Alexios Stoudites, Patriarch, 136 – 37 , availability of, 35 141 , 175 in the Book of the Eparch , 165 allelengyon , 136 as oi cial law, 35 Amorian dynasty, 25 scholia, 10 – 11 , 33 , 177 – 78 Anakatharsis ton palaion nomon . See “Cleansing unwieldliness of, 179 – 80 of the Ancient Laws” bia , 57 Ananias of Shirak, 129 biblia , 34 Anastasius Bibliothecarius, 21 bibliophylax , 171 Anatolikon, judge of, 68 Blackstone, William, 78 Anatolios, 155 Boleron, judge of, 68 Ani, 18 Book of the Eparch , 28 , 164 – 67 antecessores , 23 , 23n. 27 , 155 – 56 as the purported origin of the Jewish oath, 147 in the Peira , 175 Breadth of the Laws, 27 , 79 , 113 anthypatoi , 51 bribery antigrapheis , 55 , 164 dei nition of, 54 Antioch, 18 in the Ecloga , 56 antiquarianism in the Eisagoge , 56 in the legal works of Psellos, 180 – 81 in the letters of Psellos, 69 Antonius, Emperor, 119 in the Novels of Leo VI , 57 Apocalypse of Anastasia, 93 – 94 in the Strategikon of Kekaumenos, 64 – 65 Appendix Eclogae , 117 , 118 Bulgarian Empire, 18 , 19 , 20 archontes , 50 , 56 Burgmann, Ludwig, 151 Armeno- Georgian Chalcedonians, 106 – 07 Byzantine Commonwealth, 103 , 124 Ashburner, Walter, 120 , 121 Byzantine law Asia Minor, 18 , 19 , 110 , 138 as a codii ed legal system, 78 – 80 assarion , 98 Byzantine legal culture, dei nition, 2 – 3 , 4 – 7 asylum, 90 Athanasios of Athos, 74 canon law, 13 , 15 , 22 , 22n. 24 , 41 , 191 Athanasios of Emesa, 22 , 156 , 162 merging with secular law, 186 – 87 Athonite monasteries, 19 , 39 , 74 canons of church councils archives, 11 , 23 , 23n. 26 , 190 validity as secular law, 40 – 41 Authenticum , 154 Canons of the Emperors , 126

231

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18256-1 — Byzantine Legal Culture and the Roman Legal Tradition, 867–1056 Zachary Chitwood Index More Information

232

232 Index

Carolingian Empire, 19 , 20 , 21 criticism of, 28 christosemeiotoi , 24 , 185 dating of, 29 , 29n. 56 Cicero, 16 on Jews and heretics, 145 “Cleansing of the Ancient Laws”, 44 ektagiatika , 53 – 60 Codex Justinianus , 33 Elder Anonymus, 155 , 156 as a component of legal education, 153 elite, 83 on Jews and heretics testifying in court, 142 Elpidios, 70 paraphrases of, 142 emperor use of h alelaios’ commentary, 158– 59 challenge to his legal authority, 82 Collatio legum Mosaicarum et Romanarum , 115 as the empsychos nomos , 81 – 82 Collectio Tripartita , 143 transmission of oral opinion, 82 – 83 common law system, 3 empsychos nomos , 81 – 82 Constantine of Nicaea, 176 en nome archaia , 166 Constantine V, Emperor Enantiophanes, 156 , 162 as promulgator of the Ecloga , 2 3 – 2 5 encyclopedism, 12 , 17n. 5 Constantine VII, Emperor endowments, 98 novels on legal fees, 60 enkyklios paideia , 163 Constantine/ Cyril, 124 Epanagoge . See Eisagoge Constitutio Omnem , 153 eparch, 53 , 73 – 74 Constitutio tanta / Dedoken , 154 ephoros , 74 Council in Trullo, 162 – 63 epi ton kriseon , 53 Crete, 18 epidiorthosis eis to philanthropoteron , customs, 80 – 81 24 , 40 , 86 foreign, 106 epistolography, 66 Cyclades Islands, 119 Epitome , 42 – 43 Cyprus, 18 synopsis of Roman legal history, 43 Epitome Novellarum , 155 Datastanagirk’ , 125 epitropos , 74 David the Iberian, 106 – 07 Euchaïta, bishop of, 66 , 88 , 168 de Tocqueville, Alexis, 12 Eurotas River, 72 defensor civitatis , 84 Eustathios Rhomaios Demetrios of Kyzikos, 140 on adultery, 1 – 2 Deo auctore , 170 as the basis of Rechtsi ndung , 77 derogation, 113 – 14 citation of legal works, 175 Digest , 16 , 33 on endowments, 98 as a component of legal education, 153 on grounds for divorce, 94 – 95 completion of, 153 on the legality of foreign customs, 106 – 07 on the Rhodian Sea- law , 119 on the presumption of guilt, 95 – 96 translations of, 155 on punishment, 88 use of Greek paraphrases, 154 relationship with Romanos III Dionysios of Halikarnassos, 98 Argyros, 133 – 34 diptychs, 73 review of a bequest, 74 divine dispute resolution, 99 – 102 as a signatory of the Edicts of Alexios dowry, 158 – 59 Stoudites, 141 dynatoi . See powerful use of Latin, 160 – 61 on wards with dispersed estates, 91 – 92 ecclesiastical property, 3 – 4 works of, 8 – 10 Ecloga Eutyches, 140 – 41 criticism of, 28 eviction, 82 – 83 on the qualii cations of judges, 163 exhellenismos, 27 , 160 – 61 translation of, 24 Ecloga Basilicorum , 160 , 172 Farmer’s Law . See Nomos Georgikos Egypt, 35 , 106 Ficker, Gerhard, 140 Eisagoge Fögen, Marie h eres, 151 authorship, 29 , 29n. 57 Friedman, Lawrence, 5

233

Index 233

Gaius, 16 as a supposed advocate of Late Antique legal Ganos, 139 works, 174 Gregentios of Taphar. S e e Nomoi of Gregentios John, droungarios , 85 of Taphar John, Orthodox metropolitan of Gregory Pakourianos, 107 Melitene, 139 Gregory Vkayaser, 128 Jones, A.H.M., 54 guardianship, 156 – 58 judges city ( politikoi ), 53 , 55 , 60 Haldon, John, 83 of the Hippodrome, 53 , 70 , 71 , 98 , 99 , 130 , Harmenopoulos, Constantine, 112 141 , 147 Hellenic culture, Hellenism, 97 – 102 , 189 provincial, 28 , 52 – 53 , 57 , 59 , 69 , 146 Heraclius, Emperor, 22 , 23 of the Velum, 53 , 90 , 98 , 99 , 130 , 141 , 147 heretics judicial impartiality, 62 legal status, 142 – 48 Julian, 155 , 162 Hermodorus, 16 Justinian I, Emperor Hexabiblos , 112 criticism of, 37 – 38 Homer, 1 Novels of, 22 , 33 , 38 , 153 Homerites, 115 – 17 Humphreys, M. T. G., 50 , 111 , 120 , 189 , 190 kagkellarios , 51 hypatos ton philosophon , 178 kainotomia , 35 , 92 – 93 hypobolon , 9 Karayannopulos, Johannes, 112 hypomnema , 8 , 99 , 100 kata podas , 154 kathismata , 61 ibn al- ’Assāl, 126 Kazhdan, Alexander, 4 , 105 , 190 illustris , 91 Kekaumenos Imperatoriam maiestatem , 171 on philanthropia , 88 imperial title, 21 on provinical justice, 65 Index , 155 Kelly, Chistopher, 54 inheritance, 106 – 07 kephalaia , 34 , 114 Institutes , 33 klasma land, 39 commentaries on, 155 Knigi Zakonnye , 125 Institutionengeschichte , 4 Kommentarverbot, 154 Isaurian dynasty, 18 , 24 Komnenian Revolution, 15 criticism of, 40 Konidares, I. M., 191 as legislators, 23 – 25 Kormčaya Kniga , 125 Isidoros, 155 krites tou stratopedou , 181 Italy, 16 , 18 , 110 ktetorika typika , 70 ius civile , 16 Land, Jan Pieter Nicolaas, 103 Jacobites. See Syrian Orthodox Latin Jewish oath, 147 – 48 lack thereof in the transmission of Byzantine Jews legal texts, 127 – 29 forced conversion by Basil I, 145 as language of the Twelve Tables, 16 – 17 legal status, 142 – 48 in legal education, 154 John I Tzimiskes, Emperor, 94 mistranslations of, 21 John Mauropous, 67 as a prerequisite for the nomophylax as the author of the Novella didaskalos , 172 constitutio , 168 superiority over Greek, 20 – 21 on philanthropia , 88 in the works of the antecessores and John of Odzun, 125 scholastikoi , 156 – 60 John of Rila, 71 Law for Judging the People , 124 John VIII Bar Abdoun, Patriarch, law school 137 – 40 of Beirut, 153 , 162 John Xiphilinos, 171 of Constantinople, 153 , 162 – 63 , 167 – 78 as a new antecessor , 172 of Rome, 162

234

234 Index

lawyers, 172 Michael Psellos, 77 , 171 legal collections antiquarianism, 180 – 81 private, 8 , 14 letters of, 67 – 70 legal curriculum as a teacher of the law, 178 – 81 disappearance of Late Antique model, 163 – 64 on the unwieldliness of the Basilika , 179 – 80 in Late Antiquity, 153 h e Usual Miracle , 99 – 102 lecture style, 155 – 56 Michael VII Doukas, Emperor, 99 legal sources military governor, 51 – 52 , 57 , 59 o i cial, 7 – 8 military lands, 13 unoi cial, 11 Mitteis, Ludwig, 103 – 05 legal system Mkit’ar Gosh, 125 in Constantinople, 53 monastery in the provinces, 50 – 53 of the Great Lavra, 74 legal texts, cost and availability of, 129 mentioned in the Meditatio de nudis leges speciales , 109 pactis , 176 length of legal texts, 129 – 30 of Nikon Metanoeite, 72 Leo III, Emperor of Peristerai, 85 as promulgator of the Ecloga , 2 3 – 2 5 Rila, 71 Leo the Mathematician, 129 of Stoudion, 73 Leo VI, Emperor Tou Kalliou, 99 – 102 monastic legislation of, 39 Tou Piperatou, 71 novels of, 22 monastic acts, 105 Leo, strategos , 99 – 102 Moravia, 124 literary references, 98 Morris, Rosemary, 61 liturgical commemoration, 72 , 73 Mosaic Law. See Nomos Mosaikos Lokin, J. H. A., 120 , 177 Moses, 24 longi temporis praescriptio , 85 murder Louis II, Emperor in the Peira , 90 letter to Basil I, 20 – 21 Muslims, 108 , 136 mutilation, 116 Macedonia, 61 Macedonian Renaissance, 12 , 32 , 122 Nea Ekklesia, 32 Magdalino, Paul, 47 Neoplatonism, 99 – 102 Magnaura School, 163 – 64 Nerses of Lambron, 126 Makarios, 127 Neville, Leonora, 48 Manuel I Komnenos, Emperor, 35 , 147 – 48 New History of Byzantine Law, 3 – 4 , 190 Marie h eres Fögen, 156 Nicholas I Mystikos, Patriarch, 71 Mark III, Patriarch of Alexandria, 35 , 130 on access to patriarchal letters, 61 marriage law, 24 Nicholas I, Pope Medidatio de nudis pactis , 80 , 176 letter to Michael III, 20 – 21 Medvedev, I. P., 7n. 20 Nicholas Serblias, 98 Melitene, 137 – 40 Nikephoritzes, judge, 69 Methodios, 124 Nikephoros I, Emperor Michael Attaleiates, 181 – 82 as founder of the theme system, 51 description of the Phokades’ forged Nikon Metanoeite, 72 lineage, 122 Nomoi of Gregentios of Taphar, 115 – 17 on the founding of the law school, 167 Nomokanon on Jews and heretics, 146 Georgian translations, 126 monastery and poorhouse of, 73 – 74 Nomokanon in Fourteen Titles , 156 on res sacrae , 97 Nomokanon in Fourteen Titles on the status of religious institutions, 185 on Jews and heretics testifying in Michael I Keroularios, Patriarch, 1n. 2 court, 143 – 44 Michael III, Emperor, 25 Nomokanon of St. Sava, 124 exchange of letters with Pope Nicholas nomophylax didaskalos , 170 – 72 I, 20 – 21 Nomos Georgikos , 110 – 14

235

Index 235

date of composition, 110 – 11 Photios, Patriarch, 29 geographic origin, 110 as author of the Eisagoge , 29 – 32 manuscript tradition, 111 – 13 on the ideal judge, 62 – 63 perceived validity, 113 on judicial corruption, 66 Nomos Mosaikos , 114 – 18 Pieler, Peter, 77 , 177 manuscript tradition, 117 – 18 Plutarch, 98 Nomos Nautikos , 118 – 23 Pomponius, 16 date of composition, 121 poor, 12 , 57 – 58 , 83 prologue, 121 – 23 dei nition of, 84 – 85 structure, 121 power elite, 83 notaries, 64 , 165 – 67 , 172 powerful, 12 , 57 – 58 , 83 Novella constitutio , 167 – 73 praitor , 51 Numidia, 54 presumption of guilt, 95 – 96 private legal collections Obolensky, Dimitry, 124 dei nition, 109 – 10 oikoi , 48 Prochiron , 2 5 – 2 9 oikonomia , 89 – 92 in the Book of the Eparch , 165 Oikonomides, Nicholas, 90 , 105 dating of, 26 , 26n. 41 oikoumene , 41 professional jurists Orthodox Christianity, 86 – 96, 189 as collaborators in the Edicts of Alexios ostiarios , 61 Stoudites, 141 – 42 Ostrogorsky, Georg, 51 , 111 prolepsis , 95 – 96 protonotarios , 51 Papacy, 19 , 20 protospatharios Papagianne, Eleutheria, 191 mentioned in the Meditatio de nudis paragraphai , 156 pactis , 176 Paraphrase of h eophilos, 155 , 156 – 58 psychikon , 98 use by Psellos, 180 paroikoi , 82 – 83 quaestor, 55 Patlagean, Évelyne, 147 , 148 patronage Reichsrecht , 103 – 05 in the legal system, 69 – 70 Reinert, Stephan, 135 in monastic foundation charters, 70 – 74 res sacrae , 97 patronage, private, 47 Rhodes, 118 – 23 patronage, state, 47 Rhodian Sea- Law . See Nomos Nautikos Patzes, 105 Roman law Paulicians, 18 as the basis of Byzantine law, 78 – 80 Paulus, 119 Romanitas , 19 , 20 , 21 , 29 , 41 , 43 , 44 peculium , 9 Romanos I Lekapenos, Emperor Peira , 8 – 10 legislation on the powerful, 83 as the basis of Rechtsi ndung , 77 Romanos III Argyros, Emperor challenge to imperial authority, 82 challenge to his legal authority, 82 on Jews and heretics, 146 patronage of Eustathios Rhomaios, on the number of witnesses needed for a 133 – 34 will, 92 – 93 Romanos Skleros, 86 , 95 – 96 Peloponnese, 72 – 73 Rus’, 125 judge of the, 72 – 73 Russian Primary Chronicle , 107 military governor of the, 72 – 73 Russo- Byzantine Treaties, 107 penal law, 24 , 86 in the Peira , 8 9 – 9 0 Samonas, 85 Peter of Corinth, 94 Saradi, Helen, 60 Philadelphia, judge of, 68 Sarris, Peter, 105 philanthropia , 63 , 87 – 88 Scheltema, H. J., 154 Phokades Schminck, Andreas, 120 , 164 , 177 forged lineage, 122 scholastikoi , 23 , 23n. 27 , 156

236

236 Index

sekreta , 129 h eodore the Stoudite, 89 semeioma , 9 h eopaschitoi , 140 Sententiae Syriacae , 126 h eophanes Continuatus, 164 Simon, Dieter, 77 , 104 h essaloniki, 18 , 110 Sixty Books . See Basilika h rakesion, 100 Skeuenas, magklabites , 90 Tipoukeitos , 105 social class, 83 titloi , 34 Solomon, 24 Topoisammlungen , 77 Sozopolis, bishop of, 68 transmission of Byzantine legal texts, 127 Speck, Paul, 164 , 174 in Arabic and Syriac, 126 – 27 sportulae . See ektagiatika in Armenian and Georgian, 126 St. Basil the Younger, 94 in Slavic languages, 125 Stefan Dušan, 124 Troianos, Spyros, 168 Steinwenter, Artur, 3 – 4 Twelve Tables, 16 – 17 , 97 Stephan, 80 , 155 Tychikos, 129 in the Edicts of Alexios Stoudites, 175 in the Meditatio de nudis pactis , 176 Umayyad Caliphate, 19 , 20 in the Peira , 175 Usual Miracle, h e , 99 – 102 stipulatio , 160 – 61 Stolte, Bernard, 76 , 113 Vakhtang VI of Kartli, King, 126 strategos . See military governor van Bochove, h omas, 177 suits, names of, 180 van der Wal, Nicolaas, 120 , 121 , 177 sykophantikon , 147 Varnalides, Soterios, 191 Symbatios, 16 – 17 , 42 – 43 Vaspurakan, 18 Symeon of Bulgaria, Tsar, 20 , 20n. 14 Vernadsky, George, 111 sympatheia , 63 Virgin, the, 99 – 102 symponoi , 6 , 52 Vita Basilii Synopsis Basilicorum Major , 121 , 146 description of legal reform, 25 Synopsis legum , 178 – 81 Vladimir, Prince of Kiev, 125 syntagma , 156 Volksrecht , 103 – 05 Syria, 18 , 91 – 92 , 138 Volusius Maecianus, 119 Syrian Orthodox, 137 – 40 in the taxonomy of Byzantine heresey, 140 – 41 Wagschal, David, 186 Syrianos Magistros watermill, 99 – 102 on the ideal judge, 64 Wenger, Leopold, 177 Syro- Roman Lawbook , 103 – 04 , 126 will number of witnesses needed, 92 – 93 Taktikon Uspenskij , 52 Wolska- Conus, Wanda, 150 – 51 , 174 teachers of notaries, 166 teleion , 147 Xenophon, 98 h alelaios, 143 , 155 , 158 – 59 theme system Yemen, 115 – 17 development of, 50 – 51 Younger Anonymus, 156 , h eodora, 94 see also Enantiophanes h eodore Balsamon, 35 , 130 , 167 , 177 , 191 on the founding of the law school, 167 Zachariä von Lingenthal, Karl h eodore Scholastikos, 156 , 162 Eduard, 5n. 12 , 110 , 120 , on Jews and heretics testifying in 121 , 177 court, 144 Zakon gradskii , 125