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SECTION 10.0 Mechanical Design SECTION 10.0 - MECHANICAL DESIGN

10.1 INTRODUCTION

This section outlines the standard mechanical system requirements for all new and renovated facilities at Beale AFB. All mechanical installations must comply with applicable DoD and the standards referenced in Appendix B. Standardization of mechanical equipment is essential for maintenance, reliability, and compatibility for established utility connections, as well as for service utilities upgrades projects. All operating devices, materials, and equipment shall be designed and installed to minimize energy consumption, maintenance, repair, and operational requirements.

Typical mechanical systems design

SECTION 10.0 - MECHANICAL DESIGN

10.2 GENERAL GUIDELINES

1) Maximize passive design features to reduce the size and cost of mechanical equipment. 2) Conceal internal utility distribution lines. Outlets and switches must be flush mounted (not surface mounted) in administrative, residential, and public use facilities (libraries, clubs, etc.). Surface mounted outlets and switches are permitted only in service and utility areas. 3) Boiler design shall comply with all applicable U.S. codes and regulations. Access to boiler and equipment shall be from the exterior and keyed to base CE standards. 4) Contractor shall provide all the documentation, certificates, and declarations required by U.S. laws. 5) All HVAC air distribution systems should be designed with DDC controls. All DDC installations/upgrades will be compatible with existing base-wide EMCS. Also they shall include support equipment for interface with EMCS. 6) Hot and Chilled lines shall have serviceable strainers installed. 7) using dissimilar metals shall have dielectric unions connecting these dissimilar metals. 8) HVAC systems utilizing outside ductwork (supply and/or return) shall be properly insulated and Spot cooling at Hangar secured by means of lockable chain link security fence to prevent unauthorized access to (through ductwork) or to prevent introduction of harmful substances. Chain link security fence shall incorporate privacy slats to minimize visual impact. 9) Multi-zone projects shall make use of chilled/hot water systems as proposed to DX units. Hot and chilled water line shall have properly installed isolation to facilitate coil repairs. 10) HVAC equipment shall have power disconnect located within 3-feet of equipment in order to de- energize electrical power for maintenance work. 11) Air filters on commercial grade equipment as a minimum should be 30% efficient pleated filters. 12) The minimum outdoor air supply rates for occupants in heated or air-conditioned facilities, or both, should be according to the current ASHRAE Ventilation Standards. SECTION 10.0 - MECHANICAL DESIGN

13) All mechanical equipment with rotating or 22) All mechanical equipment (boilers, air handlers, reciprocating components shall be provided with etc.) for single and multiple story structures shall be flexible connections to isolate the vibration effect. located on ground in a of adequate size. Ensure access to mechanical 14) NFPA 90A states that air handling equipment spaces to accommodate the installation/ removal between 2,000-5,000 CFM require smoke and maintenance of mechanical equipment. detectors in the air supply duct only. In systems over 15,000 CFM, smoke detectors are required in 23) Mechanical and electrical equipment located both air supply and air return duct. Under 2,000 outside the facility shall have adequate screen CFM, no smoke detectors are required. and enclosures to meet AT/FP requirements. The equipment shall also have the appropriate 15) Method to introduce water treatment chemicals for weather rating. facility hot water/chilled water systems (closed loop) should be “slug feed” type. The method to 24) Installation of mechanical equipment on tops introduce water treatment chemicals for cooling should be minimized and require the approval of towers should be “feed/bleed” type with the Base Civil Engineer. Provide safe access to conductivity. the roof for maintenance of such items. 16) Boiler with following capacities shall have 25) The minimum outdoor air supply rates for associated characteristics: occupants in heated or air-conditioned facilities, or both, should be according to the current ASHRAE a) 90% efficient for Residential/Commercial Ventilation Standards. Systems 26) All mechanical equipment with rotating or b) 75-80% efficient for Commercial (2 pass, fire reciprocating component shall be provided with , w/gun burner) flexible connection to isolate the vibration effect. c) 81-87% for efficient Commercial/Industrial 3- 27) Designers shall provide a thorough design analysis pass, fire tube scotch marine (wet back) dual for all sizing of mechanical equipment and fuel burner and O2 trim control technical systems. This would detail references 17) Open-Face Infrared Heaters release their products used and calculations made to include any of combustion directly into the interior of building assumptions made or thumb rules used. All and sufficient ventilation must be designed to dilute designs should be complete to the maximum these products. This system can be designed for extent possible with the use of performance style spot heating or total facility heating primarily for designs minimized. high-bay facilities, 25-feet and above (hangars, warehouses, etc.). 18) All new AC compressors shall be of the scroll or screw type. 19) All chillers installed in mechanical rooms shall follow ASHRAE Standard 34-1992 and 15-1994 for personnel safety. 20) All exhaust systems designed for removal of industrial contaminated air shall meet the design criteria of ACGIH (American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists) 21) Large structures (i.e. hangars and large covered storage structures with open sides) shall incorporate bird netting as required to prevent bird nesting in underside of roof structure.

SECTION 10.0 - MECHANICAL DESIGN

10.2.1 Operating and Maintenance (O&M)

ETL 89-2 furnishes a general guideline for systems and equipment operation. The contractor shall provide maintenance and repair manuals following installation and testing of equipment. 1) The A/E shall allow sufficient accessible space for the safe removal, replacement, inspection, and maintenance of all installed equipment including valves, controls, and filters. 2) Large structures (i.e. hangars and large covered storage structures with open sides) shall incorporate bird netting as required to prevent bird nesting in underside of roof structure. 3) All special tools and spare parts required for the first year of operation shall be provided as part of the project. 4) All installed equipment shall have two sets of operating and maintenance manuals as a deliverable during the facility acceptance. 5) Mechanical rooms shall have mounted storage for one set of the manuals. 6) Training of O&M personnel for operation and maintenance of all highly specialized equipment shall be included in the project specifications. Domestic hot water heater 7) Label all utilities to include valving, piping and direction of flow per the UPC and UMC. 8) Label all water access panels for easy identification of valve location. Prepare a single line drawing reflecting the hot and cold water lines and the location of all related access panels and isolation valves. Place framed A4 or 8.5 -inch by 11-inch drawing in the mechanical room near the entrance. 9) Label all HVAC valve access panels for easy identification of valve location. Prepare a single line drawing reflecting the HVAC water lines and the location of all related access panels and isolation valves. Place framed A4 or 8.5 -inch by 11-inch drawing in the mechanical room near the Typical chiller entrance. 10) Prior to acceptance of the facility, the domestic water piping shall be flushed and disinfected.

SECTION 10.0 - MECHANICAL DESIGN

10.3 PLUMBING e) Chemical injectors Pressure flow test of the water system is required for f) Carbonated beverage and drink dispensers every new or renovated facility. Test results shall be g) Lawn sprinklers and irrigation systems submitted to 9 CES/CEO (Utilities Shop) for review and approval. 2) The A/E shall include in the plumbing, HVAC, and mechanical drawings all symbols, details, and All utilities that include valves, piping and direction of requirements for prevention devices on flow shall be installed in accordance to the Uniform facility main water line. Plumbing Code (UPC) and the (UMC). 3) Any backflow device installed on the Base potable water system must be tested and certified by a Arrestors shall be provided in piping California State approved Backflow Tester. I.E. when automatic and quick-closing valves are to be American Water Works Association (AWWA) or installed. University of Southern California (USC). Pressure Regulating Valves shall be installed when the residual pressure at fixtures exceed 50 pounds per square inch. The Pressure Reducing Station shall consist of a pressure regulator, strainer, isolating valves and pressure gauges. A reduced-size bypass with a manually operated flow control valve should be provided if necessary. New water piping shall be pressure leak tested. The test shall consist of holding a pressure in the water piping at 1.5 times the operating pressure or 150 pounds per square inch (psi) for a period of at least two (2) hours. The pressure in piping during the two hours testing period shall not vary by more than 5 psi. All plumbing equipment such as water heater, drinking , pump, etc. shall be provided with union connections, and isolation valves. Backflow preventer insulation blankets 10.3.1 Backflow Prevention Temporary service connections to fire hydrants shall have an approved backflow prevention device with isolation valves up and down stream and supported. It will also be tested and inspected by a California State Approved Backflow Tester. Threaded/Screwed or Soldered Ends Backflow Devices shall be provided with unions and isolation valves. ADD: Indoor Backflow Prevention Unit shall be provided with drain piping directed to nearest floor drain. 1) Backflow prevention devices shall be provided on all of the following: a) Facility main water lines

b) HVAC water make-up lines Standard domestic backflow preventer c) Facility Fire Protection System water lines d) bibs SECTION 10.0 - MECHANICAL DESIGN

backflow device. 12) Any portable trailer or building that requires water and/or sewer service shall have said services installed in accordance with proper building and plumbing codes. Backflows will be required on service lines. 13) The contractor is responsible for service connections on rented office trailers and portable . 14) A reduced Pressure Principle Back Flow Prevention Device is required if glycol or other chemical is used in the fire protection system (UPC 603). Reduce pressure principle backflow devices (RPPD) shall have ball valves ( valves if over Aboveground protected backflow preventer assembly 4-inches) installed on the inlet and outlet of the device by the manufacturer.

At the time of installation and a copy of the test

must also be given to the Base Backflow Program Manager (9 CES Utility Shop). 4) Check valves are not acceptable (as a stand-alone device) for backflow prevention. 5) Use Ames Backflow Assemblies Models 3000SS, 4000SS for all horizontal installation applications on Fire Protection Systems. Pay special attention to UPC 603.4.18.2. 6) Use Ames Backflow Assemblies Colt Series 200 and 300 for all vertical installation applications on Fire Systems. In high flow vertical applications, Ames Maxim Series 200 and 300 on Fire Systems. Pay special attention to UPC 603.4.18.2. 7) Install Wilkins 975XL Backflow devices on all plumbing systems up to 2-inches. Pay special Backflow preventer in hot box attention to UPC 603.3. 8) All backflow devices 2.5-inches and up Ames Models 3000SS and 4000SS. 9) Provide freeze protection for all outside applications. All exterior located backflow prevention devices (regardless of size) are installed with an insulated cover (tan or green in color). 10) For all backflows installed in all high security outside locations, provide lockable insulated enclosures such as Hot Box or Hot Rock. 11) Any addition or upgrade to a fire suppression system must also include upgrading the to the fire system with an approved Insulated hot box with check valve SECTION 10.0 - MECHANICAL DESIGN

15) A reduced pressure principle backflow prevention 10.3.3 Janitor’s device shall be located as close as practical to the Provide a Janitor’s Closet and the basic features user's connection and shall be installed a minimum expected to assist janitorial services within a facility of twelve inches (12") above grade and not more wherever a restroom service is being provided. Provide a than thirty-six inches (36") above grade measured mop , high reach faucets, mop holder and shelves. from the bottom of the device and with a minimum of twelve inches (12") side clearance. 10.3.4 Holding Tanks 16) All plumbing shall conform to the latest edition of 1) The holding tank, used when systems are drained the National Standard Plumbing Code (NSPC) and for maintenance and for glycol/water, shall have a to the Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC). capacity of at least 120% of the served piping. For 2.5-inch and up provide Ames 3000SS or 4000SS. 17) Any addition or upgrade to an existing fire suppression system must include upgrading the 2) Multiple holding tanks for sprinkler water, chilled water supply to the system with an approved water, etc., shall be provided as necessary backflow device. depending on the facility. 18) Pressure regulating valves shall be installed when 3) Holding tanks shall be located outside the the residual pressure at fixtures exceed 50 pounds boiler/mechanical/pump rooms. per square inch. The Pressure Reducing Station 4) The Base PM shall confirm the use of chemicals, shall consist of a pressure regulator, strainer, tank size, and number requirement per project with isolating valves and pressure gauges. A reduced- the project A/E. size bypass with a manually operated flow control valve should be provided if necessary. 5) The subject system drain may connect to a drywell if there is no glycol or other toxic chemical used in 10.3.2 Floor Drains the water/sprinkler system. New construction and renovation projects must meet 6) Water/glycol from HVAC/Sprinkler holding tanks the following requirements where production of shall be pumped out and sent off base for wastewater from industrial activity is expected: treatment. 1) No floor drain will be provided in rooms, bays, 10.3.5 Water Softeners canopies, and any other areas to be utilized in the process of production, maintenance, or any other The Beale AFB water wells supply very hard water. industrial activity. Technical rooms (i.e. boiler According to AFM 88-10 Vol. 1, 7-10 grains per gallon rooms, mechanical rooms, equipment rooms) must (GPG) of carbonate (CaCO3) found in water be included in this category. constitutes Very Hard Water. The Beale AFB water supply averages approximately 8-9 GPG of CaCO3. 2) If a floor drain is essential for operations, the drain shall be connected to an above ground collection 1) Only softened water with hardness below 1 GPG of tank. The tank shall conform to requirements CaCO3 shall be provided to base boilers, domestic outlined in the following section. water supplies, and hot systems as make-up water. 3) Floor drains are permitted in rooms where normal “domestic” activities are taking place, i.e. 2) Provide water softeners for all new facilities and , locker rooms, , offices. These renovation designs. System shall be dual-tank drains must be connected to a sewer line or where type; Kinetico or approved equal. not available, to a . 3) The water softener shall be an automatic 4) Floor drains and their branches shall be sized on volumetric type, mechanical, or pneumatically the basis of their normal, expected flow rate. Floor controlled (not hydraulically), salt regenerated, with drains shall be not less than 2-inches normal size. bacteria static type resins, provided with automatic electronic disinfection. Prior to the water softener 5) Provide floor drains in restroom areas, janitor’s shall be a minimum of a 50 micron, automatic flush, and in mechanical rooms. The shall be mechanical type filter, with synthetic or metallic sloped to drain. Provide primers as needed. media. System must not exceed 4 days between SECTION 10.0 - MECHANICAL DESIGN

regenerations. Discharge of the water softener 10.3.6 Cold Water Distribution must not contain less than 1 GPG of hardness. 1) For cold water systems, pipes shall be segregated 4) High capacity domestic water softeners, industrial, and insulated to avoid temperatures above 20°C and semi-industrial type are required for all new (68°F). base lodging facilities, large laundry facilities, industrial aircraft an wash racks 2) Water piping (cold, hot, and heating) shall not be (make-up water only), schools, medical treatment installed above or electrical facilities, dining facilities, clubs, fitness centers, equipment. large kitchens, and any other facilities with high 10.3.7 Hot Water Distribution domestic hot water demands. Carefully plan for adequate floor space to install and maintain these 1) Facility domestic hot water tank temperature ° large, high flow water-softening systems in should not be maintained at less than 60 C designated mechanical rooms. (140°F) to prevent the growth of deadly bacteria in all facility domestic hot water systems. The hot 5) Low capacity, commercial type domestic water water delivery temperature at the hot water mixing softeners are required for all new and renovated valve for and heads shall not be less base facilities not requiring industrial water than 50°C (122°F). Keep hot water distribution softening treatment. These small water softeners supply between 50-60°C at all times. serve the boiler make-up line and a few sinks and in smaller facilities with low domestic hot 2) Gas-fired water heaters or gas-fired instantaneous water demand. The water softener shall be sized point of use domestic hot water heaters shall be for the larger of the 100% HVAC system make-up provided in lieu of electric water heaters for new or the domestic hot water demand. facility construction and renovation projects. Gas water heaters generally provide a heat source at 6) Commercial water softeners will generally have a the bottom of the tank, which prevents the small footprint and lower cost than the industrial formation of Legionella bacteria. type high flow systems required for kitchens and dorms and can be easily located in facility boiler 3) Provide anti-scald thermostatic mixing valve(s) to rooms or mechanical rooms. The water softener reduce water temperature at the source, not in the should be laced on the main building water feed to tank or distribution lines, at facility sinks and treat all incoming building water. showers. 7) Water softener shall be installed as per the 4) Insulate all hot water pipes. Standard Water Softener Layout (see diagram). 5) Except where gas boiler heat is used, locate the hot water tank as close as possible to the location of the end use. Small, under-counter, on-demand, water heaters are efficient for locations where large capacity is unnecessary. Water heaters shall not be installed above . 6) Hot water is required in men’s and women’s rest rooms, janitors’ closets, and showers. 7) Temperature and pressure relief valves shall be installed on all water heaters in accordance with NSPC.

Standard water softener layout

SECTION 10.0 - MECHANICAL DESIGN

10.3.8

1) Lavatory faucets shall not exceed a water flow rate of 2.2 gpm (6.3 lpm). Public lavatories shall be equipped with metering faucets that deliver not more than 0.25 gallons (1 liter) per use or self-closing faucets that do not exceed a water flow rate of 0.5 gpm (2 lpm). 2) Delta “” Electronic Faucet model# 591- LGHGMHDF is the Base standard faucet. External Mixer shall be included. 3) Flush tanks for toilets and shall not be installed in the interior of walls and shall be provided with internal overflows. If external overflows are used, they must be inconspicuous both internally and externally. Typical Urinals at Base Theater 4) Toilets and urinals shall be controlled with flush tanks or automatic Flushometer valves. Water closets, whether operated by flush tank, or Flushometer valve shall be low consumption type having an average consumption of not more than 1.6-gallons (6-liters) per flush. Urinals shall be low consumption type having an average water consumption of not more than 1.0-gallons (3.8-liters) per flush. Flushometer valves shall include a vacuum breaker assembly and means of low adjustment as well as be accessible for maintenance and repair. Sloan Flushometer G2 Optima Plus is the Base standard flushometer. G2 Optima Plus has models for both water closets and urinals. 5) Water taps must be of the mixer type (before exiting the faucet) with hot supply on the left and cold supply on the right. 6) Backflow prevention may be incorporated into sink design where separate devices will not be needed. Exceptions may be made for janitorial sinks, where usage is minimal, and small hot water tanks may be used. 7) Self-rimming, vanity type lavatories shall be used in lieu of individual freestanding porcelain sinks where more than one is provided in a area. 8) Showers must be individually adjustable for temperature pressure, at 2.75 gpm flow with spring time shut off and fixed spray head (adequate pressure must be ensured), and direction. 9) All fixtures shall be white in color. SECTION 10.0 - MECHANICAL DESIGN

10.3.9 Drinking a) Water treatment equipment (water softener, filters) 1) Built-in recessed water drinking fountains shall be provided wherever restrooms are situated regardless of building size or occupancy. On multi-floor b) Food service equipment: buildings there should be a drinking fountain on each floor. 1. ovens 2) In new facilities at least one fountain 2. food prep sinks will be provided on each floor in buildings occupied 3. ice by ten or more personnel. 4. freezers 3) Drain lines shall be of rigid PVC or ABS or chrome plated . 5. pasta, egg, potato cookers 4) Shall be provided with Indirect Drain at minimum 6. steam tables vertical of 1-1/2” from the top opening of P- 7. refrigerated tables with permanent drains Trap drain riser. 8. soda and drink machines 10.3.10 Drains 9. walk-in freezers and chillers 1) Every fixture or piece of equipment shall be separately trapped by a water seal trap placed close c) Relief valves on: to the fixture or equipment outlet. 1. boilers 2) The vertical distances from the fixture outlet to the 2. backflow devices trap weir shall not exceed 2-feet (60 cm). d) Commercial dish washers 3) Cleanouts shall be provided at the following locations: 8) Expansion tank must be installed for hot water heaters and boilers when backflows installed on a) at the farthest point on each branch not to supply lines. exceed 75-feet (22.8 cm) for 4-inch (10 cm) drains and 100-feet (30 m) for 5-inch (13 cm) 9) All drains for vent wash down shall be drains minimum 2-inch. b) changes in direction of 90° or more c) the base of each vertical waste or soil stack located 6-inch (15.25 cm) above the flood rim of the lowest fixture on the lowest floor d) near the junction of the building sewer and the sewer lateral, approximately 3-feet (1-m) outside the building wall and brought to the surface with a two way cleanout 4) Service and mop sinks shall have minimum 2-inch (50 mm) drain. 5) Commercial food grinder shall have a minimum 2-inch (50 mm) drain. 6) Drain lines inside of the walk-in freezers and chillers must be insulated and have electrical heat tape installed to prevent freezing. 7) Indirect drains shall be installed on the following equipment: SECTION 10.0 - MECHANICAL DESIGN

10.4 HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING 14) All HVAC equipment connected to water piping shall be provided with union connections, isolation valves, 1) The Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning pressure gauges and thermometers/wells (HVAC) system shall be a multi-zone or VAV system assemblies. to accommodate the various functional areas of the facility. 15) Chilled Water Supply and Return Piping must be identified with direction of flow. 2) The use of individual room fan coil units shall be strictly limited to areas requiring a high level of 16) Air Conditioning Unit with 2,000 CFM and greater control due to unique activities or when the location shall be provided with smoke detector in supply and of the area requiring conditioning is far from the return air ducts and be connected to building fire central ducted air-conditioning system. alarm system. 3) Air dehumidification and humidification equipment is 17) Air Conditioning Unit at ground level shall have authorized only where justified by the installation of gooseneck make –up fresh air duct preventing rain special equipment and performance of critical water entering air duct and insect screened opening operations. The use of DX equipment is highly shall be at least 10 feet above the finished grade. discouraged. 18) Indoor Air Conditioning Unit shall be provided with 4) When packaged HVAC units are specified, the insulated condensate drain, properly supported and designer shall ensure that the unit and all ductwork directed to nearest floor drain. entering and exiting the facility connecting to the unit

are completely screened from view. If this is not

possible, the A/E shall select an alternative solution to meet the HVAC requirements of the facility. 5) Programmable thermostats shall be provided in new and renovated facilities regardless of the building size. 6) HVAC equipment installed above suspended ceilings shall have double condensate drain pans. 7) All HVAC equipment shall be certified where applicable. 8) Smoke and heat detector shall be placed in all mechanical rooms. 9) Provide adequate dampers in all supply and return ductwork for balancing. Typical HVAC units 10) All new and modified HVAC systems shall be independently tested for balancing by Certified Organization and submit test results including ductwork system layout. 11) System shall be designed to ATFP (UFC-4-010-01) standards. See Section 12.0. 12) Controls system shall be by “SIEMENS” control system for facilities larger than 5000 SF. 13) Design systems in accordance with requirements of Feather River Air Quality Board. Obtain permit to operate and to construct. SECTION 10.0 - MECHANICAL DESIGN

10.4.1 Seismic Design Criteria

All mechanical equipment shall be anchored, supported, and braced in accordance with UFC 3-310-04. Refer to Appendix B. UFC directs designers to use provisions of 2003 IBC except where changes are required. 10.4.2 Location of Exterior Equipment 1) Locate above-grade utility connections, vents, and other building projections away from high visibility areas. Do not locate utility projections, such as air conditioning units, on the street side of a building. 2) Flush wall louvers are preferred to protruding devices and shall be painted the same color as the surrounding wall. Every effort shall be made not to locate wall louvers near entries or on primary wall

elevations. HVAC diffuser 3) HVAC air handlers for new and renovated facilities shall be installed inside all facilities. Dedicated air handler room(s) shall be provided. No facility air handlers or ductwork shall be installed on the outside of any base facility. 4) Mechanical intake and exhaust devices should not be mounted on roofs. In instances where no alternative is available, the equipment shall be screened by mansard-type roofs or grills which are the same color and material as the surrounding roof. Place roof- mounted equipment on the slope facing away from primary pedestrian areas. 5) Air conditioning equipment installed on roofs shall be protected from hail and rain. Equipment installed on roofs shall be connected to the lightning ground Circular section ductwork protection system. 6) All exposed mechanical equipment installed at ground level or on roofs shall be screened from view. Refer to Section 3.6.1 for approved screening materials.

HVAC ductwork connections

SECTION 10.0 - MECHANICAL DESIGN

10.4.3 Penetrations at Fire-Rated Walls

1) Penetrations through fire-rated concrete floors and walls shall be made with pipe sleeves that meet all code requirements. 2) All penetrations shall contain fire stopping with a fire rating equal to that of the area being penetrated. Details shall be included in project drawings. 10.4.4 Fire and Smoke Dampers 1) Show fire and smoke dampers and details at all fire- rated walls on project drawings. 2) Show balancing dampers on HVAC ductwork. Provide a detail where necessary to clarify construction. 3) Provide access (s) in ductwork for maintenance and resetting of all dampers. 10.4.5 Vibration Control All equipment producing a high level of vibration (i.e. emergency generators and compressors) shall be adequately insulated from facility structures. 10.4.6 Mechanical Rooms 1) Boiler burners shall be gas fired where natural gas mains are available and fuel oil fired where gas main distribution is not yet complete. 2) Gas “sniffer” leak detection sensor systems are required in boiler rooms. In the event of a detected gas leak in boiler room, the system shall automatically close gas lines, sound an alarm, and alert both the base Fire Department as well as the occupants. Refer to Section 7.0 - Fire Protection for further gas Detection and Alarm System information. 3) Provide stainless vent stacks (flues) for boilers to accommodate future as exhaust. Vent stacks shall be concealed in a chase for aesthetic purposes. 4) Mechanical room access shall be provided from the exterior of the facility. An additional interior access shall be provided wherever possible. Exterior access , access walkways, and access roadways shall Typical Boiler Room with access to the outside be large enough to permit removal of the largest piece of mechanical equipment. All doors shall be provided with insect screened louver and a security mechanism. 5) Adequate utility roadways and walks shall be provided to ground level mechanical rooms. SECTION 10.0 - MECHANICAL DESIGN

6) Air conditioning equipment including air handlers, compressors, pumps, and associated equipment shall be installed at ground level where possible. When dictated by necessity, HVAC equipment may be installed in spaces, above suspended ceilings and roof mounted with proper screening. 7) Adequate access, floor space, and protections shall be provided for safe maintenance of equipment. 10.4.7 Generator Rooms 1) The fuel source for generators shall be diesel fuel. 2) The floor of the generator room shall be leak-proof and impervious to diesel fuel. 3) The door stoop shall be raised approximately 6- inches above the finished floor. 4) All electrical and piping floor penetrations shall be Security Police Facility uses screen enclosure for impermeable to generator oil and fuel in the event of mechanical equipment a leak.

5) The generator fuel feed system shall be configured to

automatically shut off when the generator is not running in order to prevent continued cycling of the fuel pump. 6) Contractor shall submit a request for permits to construct and operate Engine Generator to 9 CES/CEIE prior to construction. 10.4.8 Chemical Shot Feeders/Boiler and HVAC System Water Treatment 1) Boiler water chemical shot treatment feeders are required for all new boiler and HVAC cooling systems along with the initial chemical charge. 2) A boiler make-up water analysis is required for all new boiler water systems. The services of a qualified water treatment consultant are required to provide specific system recommendations. 3) Ensure that the initial boiler water make-up water and chemical treatment are provided for by contract in accordance with the boiler manufacturer’s recommendations. 4) Required backflow prevention requirements shall apply.

SECTION 10.0 - MECHANICAL DESIGN

10.4.9 Metering

1) Meters will be installed in all new and renovated buildings to monitor energy consumption. 2) Provide utility meters in accordance with UFC. 3) Meters will be mounted on the exterior of the building where practical. 4) All utility meters (water, gas, electric) shall be adaptable for use with a future remote metering system. 5) All meters shall be connected to the facility Comm. Room or Comm. Panel as per the requirements of Section 8.0 - Civil Design. 6) A direct digital controls system shall be specified to control and monitor the HVAC system. Water meter 7) Systems for large facilities shall have the capability of future connections to a centralized energy monitoring and control systems (EMCS) and shall conform to the base metering design standards. (Refer to Section 11.0 - Electrical Design for EMCS standards.) 8) Provide impulse type meters and conduit. 9) Existing facilities 50,000 SF and larger will be metered for natural gas consumption. 10) Steam will be metered at steam plants. 11) All new facility and utilities system renovations exceeding $200,000 shall have meters installed for natural gas and water. Electric metering kit 12) Advance meters shall be installed on at least 15% of the required facilities.

Natural gas meter

SECTION 10.0 - MECHANICAL DESIGN

10.4.10 Heating mechanical room and the room shall not be divided by beams or supports in order to avoid gas traps. 1) Heat pumps shall be used on a limited basis since they have proven to be unreliable and difficult to 10.5.2 Electronic Filtering maintain. Consider providing an electrostatic filtering system for 2) The use of electric resistance heat is prohibited. dust and smoke in mechanically ventilated heating and/or air conditioning systems. 3) Large open bay areas shall have natural gas radiant heating where appropriate. All other areas shall 10.5.3 Interior Air Handing Units have natural gas, hot water heating systems Interior air handling units should be located within the wherever available. mechanical room or in attic areas adjacent to the 4) If natural gas is not available, fueled oil hot water mechanical rooms. Access to these attic units should be heating systems shall be used. via opening or hatch with a sufficient landing and ladder supplied for access. and convenience outlets 5) Radiators, if used, shall be concealed and must be should also be provided in these areas. Placing HVAC thermostatically controlled. units above suspended ceilings in areas that will disrupt 6) The inside heating design temperature for personnel building occupants or mission actions for maintenance comfort shall be 20°C (68°F) for administrative operations should be avoided. ° ° (inactive employment) and living areas, 13 C (55 F) 10.5.4 Toilets for working areas (active employment), and 4.4°C (40°F) in storage areas for the prevention of freezing. 1) Venting of toilets shall meet plumbing and mechanical code requirements. 7) Warehouse facilities for the storage of materials not subject to freezing should not be heated. 2) A mechanical air extracting system that complies with the exhaust rate established in the most recent 10.5 VENTILATION SYSTEMS ASHRAE ventilation standard shall be provided for all 10.5.1 Air Intakes toilets. 1) All HVAC intakes shall be located at least 3- meters 10.5.5 Kitchens above the surrounding ground/floor level. Hooded vents in cooking areas shall be the integral make- 2) Where practical, HVAC exhausts and intakes should up air type capable of introducing approximately 80% of be located on walls, in soffits or eaves in such a way exhaust air requirements. as to minimize roof penetrations. Roof penetrations, if improperly done, have the potential for water leakage that could result in damage within the facility and, as such, should be minimized. 3) Show roof-mounted ductwork and intake/exhaust ductwork details. Provide adequate separation of intake from exhaust to ensure the system is not “short circuited” (i.e. exhausted air is drawn into air intakes). Provide exterior duct runs, goosenecks, etc. to ensure fresh air intake is maintained at all times. 4) Do not locate air intakes near diesel exhausts, sewer vents, industrial shop exhaust vents, etc. 5) Provide insect screens at all intake/discharge ducts. 6) Ventilation for mechanical rooms containing natural gas appliances shall be at the highest point of the SECTION 10.0 - MECHANICAL DESIGN

10.5.6 Industrial Facilities 10.8.1 American National Standards Maintained Under Continuous Maintenance - 1) All industrial ventilation systems designed to protect ASHRAE workers from airborne contaminants shall be 1) ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 15-2004, Safety Standard designed according to the guide, “Industrial for Refrigeration Systems Ventilation: A Manual of Recommended Practice, latest edition, American Conference of 2) ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2004, Designation and Governmental Industrial Hygienists.” Safety Classification of Refrigerants 3) ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2004, Thermal 2) All exhaust systems designed for removal of industrial contaminated air shall meet the design Conditions for Human Occupancy criteria of the latest edition of ACGI (American 4) ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004, Ventilation for Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists) Acceptable Indoor Air Quality 10.6 AIR CONDITIONING 5) ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004, Energy 1) Weather conditions and site-specific factors such as Efficient Design of New Buildings Except Low-Rise noise levels have made air-conditioning a necessity Residential Buildings at Beale AFB. Air conditioning is authorized for all 6) ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 134-2005, Graphic Symbols types of facilities normally requiring cooling as for Heating, Ventilating, Air Conditioning and defined in MIL-HDBK-1190. Refrigerating Systems 2) The inside design temperature for personnel comfort 7) ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 135-2004, BACnet – A Data for air conditioned facilities shall be 9.4°C (15°F) less Communication Protocol for Building Automation and than the 2-1/2% outside dry bulb weather conditions. Control Networks ° ° This shall not exceed 25.6 C (78 F) dry bulb or be 8) ASHRAE Standard 135.1-2003, Method of Test for less than 24°C (75°F) dry bulb. The design relative Conformance to BACnet. humidity shall be 50% minimum or the design temperature equal to the outside air dew point design 9) ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 140-2004, Standard temperature whichever is less. The minimum Method of Test for the Evaluation of Building Energy outdoor air supply rates for all facilities shall be Analysis Computer Programs according to the current ASHRAE ventilation 10.8.2 References To Other Sections For standard. Relationship To Mechanical Issues 3) Communication rooms shall have a dedicated air Section 3.0 - Site Design conditioning system. Maximum temperature allowed in this room shall be 24°C (75°F) at 30-55% relative Section 4.0 - Landscape Design humidity. A positive pressure is required. Section 5.0 - Architectural Design 10.7 GAS SYSTEMS Section 8.0 - Civil Design 1) All gas appliances (i.e. boilers, water heaters, ovens, Section 12.0 - Force Protection ranges, etc.) shall have their own isolation valve attached to their own service line. Section 13.0 - Sustainable Design 2) All piping shall be black iron preferably with coating Section 15.0 - Environmental Standards and brass valves with di-electric fittings. Section 16.0 - General Provisions for Construction 10.8 REFERENCES Section 17.0 - CADD/GIS Drawing Standards Refer to Appendix B for applicable references, codes, and regulations.