Seeking Solutions to the Mysteries of the Shroud

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Several of the above items are inconsistent with top one or two fiber layers are discolored. Seeking Solutions to the the Shroud being a forgery from the Middle Ages. • Discoloration is only on the circumference A forger would not have known to: around the fiber and less than 0.4 microns Mysteries of the Shroud • Place invisible serum rings around the blood thick - less than a wavelength of light. exudate of the scourge marks. • Discoloration in the image is due to a change • Add pollen that is unique to the Jerusalem in the electron bonding of the carbon atoms area, or from a plant with long thorns. that were already in the linen molecules. • Put a microscopic amount of dirt in abrasions Based on this evidence, it can be concluded on the nose and on one knee. that no artist or forger could have caused the • Put bilirubin into the blood. bizarre characteristics of the image on the • Locate nails in the wrists and fold the thumbs Shroud, either in a previous era or even today. under, contrary to paintings from Middle Ages. Who or what then made the image on the • Put microscopic chips of Jerusalem limestone Shroud? For more information, go to: into dirt near the feet. www.shroudresearch.net. • Use a stitch unique to the first century to sew the 3-inch wide side strip to the main shroud. • Create a negative image that contains 3D information on the body-to-cloth distance. • Create an image based on a change in the electron bonding of carbon atoms in the linen. Negative, the face on the Shroud of Turin In 1978, twenty-six American scientists in the Shroud of Turin Research Project (STURP) per- In 1931, a professional photographer named formed hands-on scientific testing of the Shroud Giuseppe Enri pointed his camera at a piece of for 5 days, 24 hours a day. Some of the results: cloth called the Shroud of Turin and took the • The image has no pigment, carrier, or brush above photograph. According to long stand- strokes so it could not be due to paint or stain. ing tradition, the Shroud of Turin is the burial • There is no capillarity (soaking up of a liquid) so cloth of Jesus Christ. So the natural questions the image is not due to a liquid such as an acid. are whether the above image could actually • The image does not fluoresce under UV light, so be that of Jesus, and what is the Shroud of Turin? it could not be a scorch from a hot object. 4770

• The image does not contain silver compounds The Shroud of Turin is a burial cloth that has 375 so the image could not be a photograph. - been in a cathedral in Turin, Italy, since 1578. • The image is not visible in back lighting, so it is The amazing thing about this piece of cloth is

not due to any substance added to the cloth. that on the Shroud can be seen the full-length Phone Phone509 • Of the 100 to 200 fibers in a thread, only the A. Rucker, [email protected], bybrochureThisRobert front and back images of a man that was Positive, Front Image crucified exactly as the New Testament says 1. Rigor mortis in the feet. This indicates the victim was dead. that Jesus of Nazareth was crucified. Though 2. Two nails through one foot, one of them through both feet. this piece of cloth has been scientifically exam- 3. Fire in 1532 resulted in scorch marks and water stains. ined more than any other ancient artifact, seri- 4. Fully charred material from the fire was removed and patched. ous questions still remain: 5. The Hungarian Pray Manuscript, dated to 1192, includes a copy

• Where did it come from? What is the histori- of a cloth that was in Constantinople at that time. It shows burn cal evidence? holes in an L-shaped pattern just like the Shroud of Turin, prov- 14 • Why is there an image? How was it formed? ing that the Shroud’s C date (1260-1390) must be wrong. • When was it made? Does the Shroud date to 6. The Shroud appears to show a flow of blood and clear blood se- the Middle Ages, as indicated by C14 dating, rum from a wound in the side. Compare John 19:34. or did it originate in the first century? 7. The Shroud shows 100 to 120 scourge marks from Roman fla- • How did the blood get onto the Shroud? grum. Resulting blood marks show blood serum rings (visible • Bottom Line: Is the Shroud of Turin a forgery only under UV) around the blood exudate. Compare Mk. 15:15. or is it Jesus’ authentic burial cloth? 8. Abrasions on both shoulders from carrying a rough object. 9. Puncture wounds from sharp objects that pierced his scalp. 10. Pollen on the Shroud unique to the area around Jerusalem. Pollen from a plant with long thorns was around his head. 11. The images are negative images and contain 3D information content indicating the distance of the cloth from the body. Dis- coloration of fibers in the image result from the carbon atoms in cellulose changing from single to double electron bonds. 12. Swollen cheeks, possible broken nose from a beating or a fall. 13. Side wound shows a hole the size of a typical Roman spear. 14. Blood running down arms at the correct angles for crucifixion. Blood is real human blood, male, type AB. High bilirubin content shows he had been severely beaten. Blood is still reddish. 15. All paintings of the Middle Ages show nails through the palms, but this will not support sufficient weight since there is no bone structure above this location. The Shroud shows the correct nail locations- through the wrist instead of through the palm. 16. Shroud correctly shows thumbs folded under due to contact of the nail with the main nerve that goes through the wrist. 17. Abrasions on one knee show a microscopic amount of dirt. 18. Three-inch wide side strip sown on with a unique stitch nearly identical to that found at Masada (destroyed in 73-74 AD). Negative, Back and Front Images 19. Small chips of Jerusalem limestone in dirt at the feet.