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Ineisalia Irus Revisit;Ed: a Response to Reverend Ronald Gatrelle

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Ineisalia Irus Revisit;Ed: a Response to Reverend Ronald Gatrelle No.4 July/August 1992 NEWS of the LEPIDOPTERISTS' SOCIElY EDITOR Stephanie McKown 650 Cotterell Dr. Boise 10 83709 USA ASSOCIATE EDITOR ZONE COORDINATORS NEWS 1. Ken Philip 6. Ed Knudson 10. Dave Winter FROM 2. Jon Shepard 7. Ross Layberry 11. J.CE. Riotte EUROPE 3. Bob Langston 8. Les Ferge 12. Eduardo Welling M. W.O.DePrins 4. Ray Stanford 9. Andy Beck 13. Boyce Drummond 5. Ron Royer Ineisalia irus Revisit;ed: A Response to Reverend Ronald Gatrelle For months I have had Rev. Ronald Gatrelle's illuminating discussion well be incomplete and thus could be misleading for Maryland at least. of the geographic variation in Indsalia irus (Lep. Soc. NEWS July/Aug. Anyway, the only county where both plants were used that I know of 1991) on my desk intending to comment on his foodplant statements. is New Haven County, Connecticut where populations on the His discussion of geographic variabillty is indeed interesting, and I Wallingford-North Haven sand plain used lupine, while others from believe becomes even more so when one plugs in correct foodplant places like Woodbury, Southbury, and New Haven used Baptisia information for New Jersey and New England populations, which he tinctoria. 1. irus has declined SUbstantially in Connecticut recently. did not have. It is not true that most populations from those areas feed on Lupinus. In fact, rather few do...at least now that Lupinus Specific records by county are: perennls has become qulte scarce. Southern New Jersey populations Maine probably all feed on Baptisia tinctoria. and very few have access to Oxford, only lupine would have been at the Norway site Lupinus. (both the butterfly and the plant are apparently extirpated in Maine now.) Foodplant information is seldom available for pinned spedmens. New Hampshire However, I have been keeping track of this in the field for about 20 Merrimack, lupine (both plant and butterfly are state years. I cannot phenotypically separate New England adults based on listed). foodplant with reliability, but at least in my collection, the Baptisia Massachusetts feeders are on average a bit duller, darker, and probably larger even Franklin, lupine in New England. As Rev. Gatrelle states, those in New Jersey, Middlesex, Norfolk, Plymouth, Baptisia Virginia and Maryland populations are of a slightly darker phenotype, Connecticut but he incorrectly (at least for New Jersey) states that these feed on Windham, lupine lupine. New Jersey and southeastern Pennsylvania adults are New Haven, lupine and Baptisia apparently a bit larger than most too. Rev. Gatrelle has studied more New York spedmens than I have and his smaller, brighter Rhode Island Albany and Saratoga, Suffolk (Long Island) (information populations, which he considers to be lupine feeders, could have fed from Jeff Glassberg), Genessee (information from on either plant...a population a few hundred meters over the line in Shapiro), all lupine. Connecticut, in fact does feed on lupine and to my eye they are quite New Jersey bright. Baptisia is common in Rhode Island and parts of Connecticut, Passaic (=Newfoundland), Monmouth, Ocean (Lakehurst, while lupine is rather rare. It is my understanding that Virginia etc.), Burlington, Cumberland, Atlantic, and Cape May, all populations feed on Baptisia. but I have little information on this (and Baptisia. no personal observations there) and neither did Rev. Gatrelle. While Pennsylvania the one colony I have information for in coastal Maryland apparently Chester, Monroe, Baptisia. feeds on lupine, I would expect Baptisia to be the prindpal foodplant Maryland there as it is far more common. Wicomico/Worcester, lupine. My purpose in submitting this article, is largely to supply accurate There is some pattern to this actually, but it is not as simple as Rev. foodplant information at the county level for northeastern states I Gatrelle suggests. As far as I know, all populations from Ohio (where know well. Apparently from my own observations and from what both the plant and butterfly are endangered or threatened), upstate several collectors have told me all populations feed on one or the other New York, and westward seem to be feeding on lupine as Rev. plant. even in the few cases where both plants grow together. The Gatrelle indicates. The distribution of lupine feeding populations is foodplant information I present below is definitely accurate, but may very similar to that of the Karner Blue, Lycaeides melissa samuelis, 69 except that these ~ populations extend sporadically a bit farther strain that apparently feeds in nature only on non-native Rhamnus in southeast, and then reappear in eastern Maryland and Florida. The at least the Boston area. Likewise, eastern Indsalla augustus feeds on lupine feeders on Long Island seem anomalous, but recall that the several genera of Ericaceae, but does use more than one at some sites Karner Blue allegediy once occurred in Brooklyn, which would be (e.g. Vacdnium vadJ):ms and Arctostaphylos ~ at Lakehurst, practically the same area. In. New England, the very few inland NJ; vacdnium spp. and Gaulussacia ~ at Medford, MA). populations mostly feed (or fed) on Lupine, as do all of those in upstate New York so far as I know. Oearly Baptisia feeding For the most part, the same factors that have lead to the recent populations are the rule on the coastal plain (none of the Connecticut catastrophic decline of the Karner Blue in most of its range have also records I give are coastal plain), including both unglaciated southern affected lUpine feeding Inclsalia ~ at the same sites. Restoration of New Jersey, and glaciated Massachusetts, but Long Island is coastal habitat for the Karner Blue, which has begun and should accelerate plain. with Federalllsting should benefit both spedes. Even Baptisia feeding I. ~ is very local, seldom numerous, absent from the great majority Thus, Rev. Gatrelle's "darker populations" feed on Baptista tinctor!a of potential habitats, and should be collected with restraint. in New Jersey, probably Virginia, and quite possibly generally in Maryland despite my contrary record above. Based on my small Dale F. Schweitzer series, Baptisia feeding populations from Massachusetts may approach The Nature Conservancy that phenotype. I have not examined the lupine feeding adults from Port Norris, New Jersey Maryland. Similar darker populations in Chester County, Pennsylvania also feed on Baptisia. While I defer to Rev. Gatrelle on this, this mostly coastal plain "darker phenotype" might be considered ..~ transitional to ~ which he indicates also feeds on Baptisla and is also found mostly on the coastal plain. I am not personally familiar with that subspedes. I also note that the fauna and flora of the New 1 , Jersey coastal plain is decldedly austral in character, as is the climate, with many striking similarities particularly to southeastern North (jeorge 'l(rizeK:t, gyLtJJ. Carollna which I won't go into here. ThIs brings us to the lupine ~ 51 Poem, 6y £.ewe{[!JI.arris, M,fJJ. ~ feeding typlcallooking irus from Florida that Rev. Gatrelle discusses. Ii I r Like him, I cannot help but wonder if similar specimens from I Savannah, Georgia might also feed on lupine. if so, then typical :Jfeadlrw for tkforest .1 northern phenotype Lupinus feeding irus may prevail south of, as well i as north and west of, the Baptisla feeding "darker phenotype" and ;:;:::;'ywrg. Mth ~ subspedes arsace. if this is true then I would expect such northern type populations to tum up with lupine in the Carollna sandhills at ?fiton Camera least. .9Lrnrtd witfi. ftnnenting rnasfi Besides foodplant, the mode of larval feeding is different between :Jffumination from efec.tronit jfasfi these entities that one could call two ecotypes. Lupine feeding larvae 'l1ie psydiiatrist was contmt feed on the flowers and seed pods during May and June. This is not wait an option for mid-latitude and northern Baptisia feeders. Baptisia to tinctoria flowers in summer, late June to August in New Jersey for cliJse to Iiis odiftrOUS, stinfQ!rg instance and late in New England. Baptisia feeding larvae eat the 6ait developing leaves. Also Baptisia shoots appear about three to six weeks laterthan Lupinus in the Northeast and Indsalia irus flies later rruning ana Patiena galore at comparable latitudes where it uses Baptisia. In fact the lupine !He pfiouJgrapfwi on tk feeders start about the same time or earlier at Albany, New York (early date 21 April) than do the Baptisia feeders in southern New Jersey ;rarest jfoor (early date 25 April), and defmltely earlier at Albany and Franklin rz1iru orfour rotting jisfi County, Massachusetts than for Baptisia feeders in Monroe and provide to insea an attractive Chester Counties, Pennsylvania. I have seen a fair number of the lupine feeding larvae in New York and New Hampshire and they were disfi uniformly pale green with no prominent markings. The few Baptisia Sufpliur fires of:Jfe[[ feeding larvae Ihave seenin New HavenCounty, Connecticut had the T~ prominent diagonal dorsal stripes typical of at least some populations seamapl'aa to tk -. of 1. henrid. I don't know if this is a consistent difference. cfeaajisfi smell '13ut it taf(gs a£[ Are there two sibling spedes? I don't know. Rev. Gatrelle seems to be in a better position to explore this possibility, but his dIscussion and T1iis to tty mine above certainly seem to raise the possibility. I suggest trying to To pfiouJgrapfi tk obtain more larvae, and reevaluating adult phenotypes in light of accurate foodplant lnformation...espedally for both ecotypes from Ylgrias '13uttetjfy! southern New England and the lupine one farther south. However, one cannot be absolutely sure of foodplants for some specimens, espedally in southern New England. Obviously, foodplant cross acceptance tests would be helpful, but probably would not settle the ...£.ewe{[!JI.arris to {jeo1;ge, in jm"monory of~nia trip r 1992...
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