Preliminary Assessment of Lepidoptera Diversity on the Peninsula of Baja California, Mexico, with a List of Documented Species

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Folia Entomol. Mex., 43(1): 87-114 (2004)

PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF LEPIDOPTERA DIVERSITY ON THE PENINSULA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO, WITH A LIST OF DOCUMENTED SPECIES

JOHN W. BROWN

Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Plant Sciences Institute Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012 National Museum of Natural History Washington, D.C. 20013-7012

Brown J. W. 2004, Preliminary assessment of Lepidoptera diversity on the Peninsula of Baja California, Mexico, with a list of documented species. Folia Entomol, Mex., 43(l): 87-114,

ABSTRACT. Relatively thorough taxonomic treatments or inventories have been compiled for only II families of Lepidoptera from Baja California: Ethmiidae (currently recognized as Ethmiinae, Elachistidae)(n- 5 species), Sesirdae (n= IS), Hesperiidae(n= 52), Papilionidae (n= 8), Pieridae (n= 28), Lycaenidae (n = 42), Riodinidae (n = 7), Nymphalidae (n = 37), Sphingidae (n 26), Saturniidae (n = 12), and Arctiidae (n = 38). Although these families comprise only about 10% of the Lepidoptera fauna, a few general patterns are apparent. (1) Endemism is moderate to tow and expressed solely at lower taxonomic levels, i.e., there are no endemic genera, and endemism at the specific level is about 5%. (2) Species richness in most lepidopteran groups is high at the northernmost and southernmost extremities of the peninsula and lowest in the middle. (3) Total species richness is estimated to be about 2,486 species. An Appendix to this paper provides a preliminary list of 803 species of Lepidoptera documented from Baja California. KEYWORDS: Lepidoptera, Mexico, Baja California, endemism, species richness, inventory, biogeography.

Brown J. W. 2004. Inventario preliminar de la diversidad de Leidoptera en la Peninsula de Baja California, Mexico, eon una lista documentada de especies. Folia Eniomot Mex., 43(1): 87-114.

RESIJMEN. Tratados o inventarios taxonOmicos relativamente cuidadosos ban sido recopilados solamente para II familias del orden Lepidoptera en Baja California: Ethmiidae (reconocida actualmente como Ethmiinae, Elachistidae) (n = S especies), Sesiidae (n IS), Hesperiidae (n= 52), Papilionidae(n 8), Pieridae (n = 28), Lycaenidae (n42), Riodinidae(n = 7), Nymphalidae (n= 37), Sphingidae (ii= 26), Saturniidae (n= 12), y Arctiidae (n = 38). Aunque estas familias aharcan cerca del 10% de la fauna del orden Lepidoptera conocida, algunos patrones generales son evidentes. (I) El endemismo es de moderado a bajo y es solamente expresado en niveles taxonómicos bajos, es decir, no hay gencros endémicos, y el endemismo es solo a nivel especifico cerca del 5%. (2) La riqueza de las especies en la mayoria de los grupos de los lepidOpteros es alta en Ins extremos situados al none ye! sur de la peninsula yes mas baja al centro de la misma. (3) La riqueza total de las especies dc lepidOpteros Se estima en alrededor de 2,486 especies. Sc incluye un apendice que proporciona una lista preliminar de 803 especies de Lepidoptera documentadas en Baja California. PALABRAS CLAVE: Lepidoptera, Mexico, Baja California, endemismo, riqueza de especies, inventario, biogeografia. Brown: Lepidoptera diversity on the Peninsula of /3 ala California, Mexico

This paper was originally presented at sympo- bution, and provide a rough estimate of the total sium on the entomofauna of Baja California, Me- number of species present. In addition, an xico, held at the Annual Meeting of the Entomo- Appendix to the paper presents a lists of all the logical Society of America in Las Vegas, Neva- species reported from Baja California based on a da, in December 1998. It was intended to provide review of the scientific literature, augmented by a general overview of our knowledge of the Lepi- identified specimens from several major insect doptera of the peninsula to complement and com- collections. The list probably includes only about pare these data with our knowledge of other in- one-third of the actual fauna, but represents a sect orders. The symposium was to be published summary of our current knowledge. as a proceedings volume; unfortunately, a number of factors contributed to inhibit this. While REVIEW OF PREVIOUS STUDIES, WITH the information presented in this paper may be A FOCUS ON ENDEMISM preliminary and slightly out of context, it does Complete inventories or checklists have been represent a foundation upon which additional compiled for 11 families of Lepidoptera (Table knowledge of the Lepidoptera fauna of Baja Cali- I): Ethmiidae (currently recognized as Ethmii- fornia can be built. nae, Elachistidae), Sesiidae, Hesperiidae, Papi- Owing to its geographic position, its nearly lionidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae, Riodinidae, Nym- north-south orientation, and its approximately phalidae (including Libytheidac), Sphingidae, Sa- 1,300 km length, the peninsula of Baja California turniidae, and Arctiidae. Together these families embraces the transition between two major biotic probably represent about 10% of the entire Lepi- realms, the northern temperate orNearctic, repre- doptera fauna. i.e., about 270 species. For other sented on the peninsula primarily by elements of families of Lepidoptera, the literature consists of the adjacent Californian Floristic Province, and reports of specific collecting trips (e.g., Braun, the southern tropical or Neotropics, represented 1923; Wright, 1923; Patterson and Powell, 1959; primarily by elements of mainland Mexican ori- Rindge, 1969); isolated descriptions of new taxa gin. For most families of Lepidoptera the relative (e.g., Lemaire, 1993; Brown and Faulkner, 1997; contribution of each of these two components is Powell and Brown, 1998); studies on distribu- nearly equal, i.e., there are about the same num- tions or life histories (e.g., Powell, 1976, 1977; ber oftemperate and tropical species. Despite the Powell, Comstock and Harbison, 1973; Cordero presence of well developed temperate and tropi- et al., 2000); and the mention of taxa from Baja cal components, the overall Lepidoptera fauna of California in systematic treatments (e.g., Buckett, Baja California is relatively depauperate. Our 1971; Powell, 1980, 1991; Poole, 1987; Pogue, knowledge of the fauna is poor; only about 15% 1988; Lemaire, 1978, 1988; Pogue and Laughlin, of the species has been listed in published or un- 2002) (see Table 2). These sources document an published studies, and an additional 15% are additional 127 or so species from the peninsula. identified in collections. Nonetheless, from these Although these studies combined document only limited data, a few general patterns emerge. The about 15% of the fauna, trends in endemism and purpose of this paper is to identify the primary replicated distribution patterns are apparent. published and unpublished family-level treatments or inventories of Baja Californian Lepi- ENDEMISM doptera and evaluate levels of endemism based Endemism is generally high in insular and pe- on these studies, briefly summarize general pa- ninsular regions owing to reproductive isolation, tterns of species richness and geographic distri- potentially leading to genetic divergence. Howe-

88 C Folia Entomol. Mex., 43(1) (2004)

Table I Endemicily of Lcpidoptera families inventoried for Baja California

TAXON AUTHOR AND YEAR # SPECIES 4 ENDEMIC TAXA % ENDEMICITY Ethmiidae Powell, 1973 5 species I species 20.0% O subspecies 0.0% Sesiidae Eichlin, 1992 15 species 4 species 26.7% O subspecies 0,0% Hcsperiidae Brown eta!, 1992 52 species 2 species 3.8% 5 subspecies 9.6% Papilionidae Brown etal. 1992 8 species I) species 0.0% O subspecies 0.0% Picridae Brown etal., 1992 28 species 0 species 0.0% 2 subspecies 7.1% Lycaenidae Brown eta!,, 1992 42 species I species 2.3% 4 subspecies 9,5% Riodinidae Brown etal., 1992 7 species I species 14.3% 3 subspecies 42.9% Nyrnphalidae Brown eta!,, 1992 37 species 0 species 0.0% I subspecies 2.7% Sphingidae Brown & Donahue, 1989 26 species I species 3.8% 3 subspecies 11.5%, Saturniidae Tuskes & Brown (unpub.) 12 species 3 species 25.0% Lemaire 1978, 1988. 1993 3 subspecies 25.0% Arctiidae Donahue (unpubl.) 38 species 0 species 0.0% TOTAL 270 species 13 species 4.8% 18 subspecies 6.7%

ver, according to Wiggins (1980), the flora of nc level. Baja California includes significantly fewer ende- Truxal (1960) concluded that insect endemism mic plants than does the adjacent California Flo- at both the generic and specific levels was limited ristic Province: only 2.2% at the generic level primarily to the Cape Region. In contrast, he sta- and 23.2% at lower taxonomic levels. In their ted that for certain flightless insects (and related treatment of the grasses of Baja California, arthropods), the Sonoran fauna (i.e., the Central Gould and Moran (1981) recognized 7 species Desert Province) may be considerably richer in and 1 variety as endemic of a flora that includes endemics as a consequence of isolation. Studies 274 species. In contrast, Villasefior, Ibarra and by Williams(1980) on scorpions corroborate this Ocana (1998) identified Baja California Norte as hypothesis. However, for insects with relatively the most important region in all of Mexico for the high vagility, such as butterflies and most macro- conservation of endemic Asteraceae at the gene- lepidoptera, the geographic context and geologic

89 Brown: Lepidoptera diversity on the Peninsula of Baja California, Mexico history of the peninsula apparently have not fos- The Ethmiidae (currently recognized as a Eth- tered endemism in these groups. For each of the miinae, Elachistidae) are represented in Baja Ca- families of Lepidoptera that has been studied in lifornia by 5 species (Powell, 1973), one (20%) Baja California (Table 1), endemism is moderate of which is endemic. Of the 11 families of Lepi- to low and expressed primarily at lower taxo- doptera studied so far, Sesiidae exhibit the high- nomic levels - there are no endemic genera and est endemism at the species level - there are four endemism averages about 5% at the species level. endemics (26.7%) out of a total of 15 species; all Lepidopteran taxa endemic to Baja California are of the endemics were described by Eichlin identified by an asterisk () in the list included in (1992). Among the 174 species of Papilionoidea the Appendix. In Table 1, percent species ende- (butterflies and skippers) are 4 marginally diffe- mism is calculated by dividing the number of rentiated, endemic species (2.3%) and 15 ende- species in the family assumed to be restricted to mic subspecies (8.6%); most of the latter are con- the peninsula by the number of species of a given fined to the Cape Region Province (MacNeill, family present on the peninsula. Percent sub- 1962; Miller and MacNeil, 1969; Brown et al., species endemism is calculated by dividing the 1992). In addition, there apparently is a complex number of endemic subspecies present on the pe- of endemic Agave-borers in the genus Agathymus ninsula by the number of species in that family. (Hesperiidae) associated with the endemic spe-

Table 2 Publications citing species of Lepidoptera in Baja California (not treated in "complete" family inventories), listed by family

FAMILY REFERENCES TINEIDAE Braun, 1923

ACROLOPHIDAE Hasbrouck, 1964

DOUCLASIIDAE Gaedike, 1990

XYLORYCTIDAE Landry, 1991 COLEOPHORIDAE Braun, 1923; Hodges, 1966; Powell, 1976

HELIODINIDAE Powell, 1991; Hsu & Powell, 2004

GELECHIIDAE Braun, 1923; Patterson & Powell, 1959

OECOPHORIDAE Hodges, 1974 YPONOMEUTIDAE Powell etal., 1973 TORTRICIDAE Patterson & Powell, 1959; Powell, 1980, 1983; Razowski, 1984, 1985a, b, 1986a, b, 1990, 1991, 1994; Pogue, 1988; Powell & Brown, 1998

CRAMBIDAE Patterson & Powell, 1959; Munroe, 1959, 1972; Powell, 1977

PYRALIDAE Patterson & Powell, 1959

GEOMETRIDAE Wright, 1923; Patterson & Powell, 1959; Rindge, 1966, 1969, 1970, 1973a, b, 1976a, b; Buckett, 1971; Poole, 1987

NOCTU1DAE Barnes & Benjamin, 1923; Patterson & Powell, 1959; Hogue, 1963; Lafontaine & Poole, 1991; McCabe, 1992; Brown & Faulkner, 1997; Cordero et at, 2000; Pogue & Laughlin, 2002

90 Folia Entomol. Mex., 43(1) (2004) cies of Agave (Agavaceae) of the Cape Region sula into 10 subdivisions of I degree of latitude Province - the group has been studied but the re- (Fig. 1) and tallying the number of species recor- suits are not yet published (see Brown et al., ded from each subdivision (see Brown, 1987; 1992). Sphingidae (n = 26), which are large and Schwartz, 1988; Brown and Opler, 1990 for de- highly vague insects, include one endemic spe- tails of this methodology). The butterflies best cies (3.8%) and 3 endemic subspecies (11.5%), illustrate this bimodal pattern (Fig. 2) with all of which are confined to the Cape Region highest species richness in the north, lowest in (Cary, 1963; Brown and Donahue, 1989). Satur- the Central Desert, and high again at the southern niidae are represented on the peninsula by 12 tip (Brown, 1987; Brown et al., 1992); Sphingi- species, including 3 endemic species (25%) and dae also illustrate a comparable pattern (Brown 3 endemic subspecies (25%) (Rindge, 1966; Le- and Donahue, 1989). If we examine species rich- maire, 1978, 1988, 1993; Tuskes and Brown, ness for the tropical and temperate components unpubi.). The arctiid fauna of Baja California in- independently, different but predictable patterns cludes 38 species (Donahue, unpubl.), with no emerge. The temperate component (Fig. 3) has its described endemic taxa; however, it is highly li- highest species richness at the northern base of kely that one or more of the resident species the peninsula, attenuating southward, exhibiting (e.g., Lophocampa sp. from Cedros Island) are a relatively convincing "peninsular effect." In undescribed endemics (Donahue, pers. comm.). contrast, the tropical component has its highest With 15 endemic species of a total of 270 spe- species richness at the distal tip of the peninsula, cies, overall endemism at the species level is attenuating northward (Fig. 4), illustrating an 4.8% for the families listed above (but the addi- inverse peninsular effect. Owing to the fact that tion of one or two Arctiidae would increase this Lepidoptera are phytophagous and many are fair- number to about 5%). ly host specific, it is likely that these patterns of In a recent review of North American Heliodi- richness are the result of community complexity nidae, Hsu and Powell (2004) reported 10 spe- driven primarily by floral richness, which may be cies from Baja California, 7 of which they des- intimately related to elevational or topographic cribed as new (about half are likely to be ende- diversity. Unfortunately, there are no specific ve- mic to Baja California). These findings suggest getation data to support this hypothesis, i.e., data that isolation and subsequent divergence may be on gradients of plant species richness in Baja Ca- a more common scenario in smaller moths with lifornia are unavailable (but see Brown and putatively limited vagility, especially when com- Opler, 1990, for a comparable study on peninsu- pared to butterflies, sphingids, and many other lar Florida). macro-moths. Hence, endemism may indeed be higher in families not yet studied. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Biologists are in general agreement regarding PATTERNS OF SPECIES RICHNESS AND the principal biotic provinces of Baja California. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Despite different terminology, the major subdivisions proposed by Shreve (1951), Wiggins SPECIES RICHNESS (1960, 1980), and Roberts (1989) for plants, Sa- Inmost lepidopteran groups, species richness is vage (1960) for reptiles and amphibians, Truxal high at the northernmost and southernmost extre- (1960) for insects, and Rindge (1948) for butter- mities of the peninsula and lowest in the middle. flies, are fundamentally the same. All show a Ca- This can be demonstrated by dividing the penin- lifornian Province in the northwest; an extensive

al Brown: Lepidoptera diversity on the Peninsula of Baja California, Mexico

FIGURE I. Map of Baja California with subdivisions of one degree of latitude.

92 Folia Entomol. Mex., 43(l) (2004)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Peninsular Subdivisions (distance from base)

3 4140- 123 1 Co 4- 0 " 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Peninsular Subdivisions ll Peninsular Subdivisions (distance from base) (distance from base)

FIGURES 24. Species richness histograms for total species of Papilionoidea (Fig. 2) and for temperate (Fig. 3) and tropical (Fig. 4) components for each latitudinal zone illustrated in Fig. I [x-axis peninsular subdivisions/distance from base: y-axis = number of species.

93 Brown: Lepidoptera diversity on the Peninsula of Baja California, Mexico

Central Desert Province (usually subdivided into lotes sonorensis (Felder & Felder), Euphilotes the Colorado Desert, Viscaino Desert, and Mag- bernardino (Barnes & McDunnough), Hyalopho- dalena Plain); and a Cape Region Province, ex- ra euryalus (Boisduval)). The distributions of tending from the southern tip north along the eas- these species are most likely the result of larval tern side of the peninsula to about Mulegé (Fig. host plant availability. A Californian Disjunct 5). Although the boundaries are indefinite and Distribution is exhibited by a few temperate spe- debatable, these divisions are both natural and cies that occur throughout the California Provin- useful. ce and have isolated outposts" (some of which Most species of Lepidoptera on the peninsula are recognized as subspecies) in the mountains of exhibit one of two major patterns of geographic the Cape Region Province (e.g., Erynnis trislis distribution, with some minor variations; fewer (Boisduval), Thorybes pylades (Scudder), Poa- species illustrate one of several minor patterns. nes melane (Edwards), Glaucopsyche lygdamus Most of the species distributions are highly con- (Doubleday), Pachysphinx occidentalis (Ed- sistent with the biotic provinces described above. wards)). The disjunct southern populations in the The first major pattern is exhibited by species Sierra de la Laguna most likely represent Pleisto- of temperate origin, most of which are confined cene relicts, long isolated by desertification of to the Californian Province, ranging from sou- the central portion of the peninsula (Raven and thern California south to about El Rosario, and Axelrod, 1977). from the Pacific coast to the eastern escarpment The second major distribution pattern is illus- of the Sierra de Juarez and Sierra San Pedro Mar- trated by species of tropical origin, most of which tir. Variations of this pattern include a "Vancou- are confined to the Cape Region Province, ran- veran Distribution," an "Extended Californian ging northward from the southern tip primarily Province," and a "Californian Disjunct Distribu- along the eastern side of the peninsula to Loreto tion" (see Brown et al., 1992). or Mulege. Among the many species exhibiting A Vancouveran Distribution (Truxall 1960) is this pattern are the endemic sphingids, Sphinx illustrated by a few montane species confined to xantus Cary and Callionimafalcfera guaycura the Sierra de Juarez and the Sierra San Pedro Cary, skippers in the genera Urbanus, Chioides Mártir of the Californian Province (e.g., Choris- and Cogia, the swallowtails Papilio cresphontes toneura lambertiana (Busck), Hesperia colorado Cramer and P. astyalus bajaenesis Brown and Scudder, Epargyreus clarus (Cramer), Speyeria Faulkner, two species of Anteos, the endemics coronis (Behr), Hemaris dfJInis (Boisduval), Hypostrymon critolafeslata (Weeks), Apodemia Pandora doris Barnes, Saturnia albofasciata mormo maxima (Weeks), and Myscelia cyanan- (Johnson), and a few others). These species range the strecker (Skinner), Anaea aidea (Guérin- throughout the Peninsular Ranges of adjacent Ménêville), several others. Several tropical spe- southern California, reaching their southernmost cies illustrate an "Extended Cape Region" pa- limits in the mountains of northern Baja Califor- ttern, occurring beyond the usual boundaries of nia. An Extended Californian Province is exhi- this biotic province, primarily in the Magdalena bited by several temperate species that range be- Plain, although a few range into the southern por- yond the usual southern boundary of the Cali- tion of the Viscaino Desert as well. These include fornian Province into the northern portion of the species such as Chlorostrymon simaethis santa Viscaino Desert, some as far south as Isla de Ce- (Skinner), Chiomara asychis pelagica (Weeks), dros (Brown and Faulkner, 1990; Smith and Heliopetes laviana laviana (Hewitson), and Phy- Wells, 1993) (e.g., Anthocharis sara Lucas, Phi- ciodes texana texana (Edwards) among others.

94 Folia Entomol. Mex., 43(1) (2004)

FIGURE. 5. Biotic Provinces of Baja California, Mexico. Black = Californian Province; hatched Cape Region Province: unmarked = Central Desert Province with the following subdivisions: I ,Colorado Desert; 2, Viscaino Desert: 3, Magdalena Plain.

95 Brown: Lepidoptera diversity on the Peninsula of Baja California, Mexico

Given the conflicting hypotheses regarding the ha protodice (Boisduval & LeConte), Vanessa geologic origin of the peninsula, Cape Region cardui(Linnaeus), and Hyles lineata (Fabricius). species may represent the descendants of species Most of these range throughout temperate North that survived an ancient vicariant event or the America in urban as well as native situations. results of more recent long-distance colonizers. It While these species may be considered polypha- is likely that the tropical fauna of the Cape Re- gous, most are restricted to a single plant family gion has been influenced by both. (e.g., Malvaceae for P. albescens; Poaceae for H. A minor pattern, the "Sonoran Desert Distri- phyleus; Fabaceae for C. eurytheme; Brassica- bution," is exhibited by a few species that extend ceae for P. protodice). A very few other species southward from the adjacent Colorado Desert of (or species complexes) occur nearly the length of southern California along the eastern half of the the peninsula, replaced north to south by closely peninsula (e.g., Agathymus sephensi (Skinner), related congeners or subspecies. For example, Hesperopsis libya (Scudder), Hesperopsis gra- Apodemia mormo (Felder & Felder) ranges from cielae (MacNeill), Systasea zampa (Edwards), the California border to the southern tip of the Callophrys gyneus loki (Skinner)). A few desert peninsula as a series of allopatric or parapatric species such as Hem ileucapeninsularis Lemaire, subspecies (some of which may represent distinct a Baja California endemic occurring mostly in species). Apodemiapalmeri (Edwards), a species Viscaino Desert but ranging south into the Cape of the northern desert region, is replaced in the Region, have affinities with elements of the Cape Region by the endemic A. murphyi Austin; Arizonan fauna (i.e., H. peninsularis is most like- and Papilio polyxenes (Fabricius) is represented ly the sister species of H. tricolor (Packard)). by P. polyxenes co/oro Wright in the northern Minor patterns that deviate from the biotic pro- desert and P. polyxenes asterius Stoll in the Cape vinces include a "Maritime Distribution" and a Region. "Peninsula-wide Distribution." The Maritime Distribution is exhibited by species that have an ESTIMATES OF TOTAL SPECIES RICH- affinity with coastal habitats, occurring wherever NESS estuaries or costal salt marshes are found. For Based on Lepidoptera inventories conducted example, Panoquina errans (Skinner) ranges throughout the western U.S., particularly in Cali- from Tijuana to Cabo San Lucas on the west side fornia, butterflies typically represent about 7% of of the peninsula, and along the east side to near the total fauna at any site (Powell, 1995; Brown the mouth of the Colorado River, but only in and Bash, 2001). Because there is an accurate association with salt marshes. Ascia monuste (L.) count of the number of butterflies of Baja Cali- occupies the lower two-thirds of the peninsula fornia (n = 174), it can be extrapolated that there (and many adjacent islands), but is found almost may be about 2,486 species of Lepidoptera on exclusively along the coast. Fidelity to coastal the peninsula. Not surprisingly, this estimate is habitats is almost certainly the result of host plant considerably below the number of species recor- availability - Distichlis spicata (Poaceae) for P. ded from California (Richers, Leuschner & Po- errans and Batis ,naritima (Batidaceae) for A. well, unpubl.). Based on unpublished studies monuste. (e.g., Saturniidae, Sphingidae) and museum spe- Species exhibiting a Peninsula-wide Distribu- cimens from Sonora and Sinaloa, an area of com- tion are primarily weedy, opportunistic species, parable size and longitudinal gradient to Baja Ca- such as Pyrgus albescens Plotz, Hylephila phy- lifornia along the western coast of mainland Me- leus (Drury), Colias eurytheme Boisduval, Pon- xico may support 2-3 times as many species of

96 Folia Eniomol. Mex., 43(1) (2004)

Lepidoptera as the peninsula. For example, Llo- of Baja California is not the obstacle of federal rente et al. (unpublished) have document about regulations or the absence of funds to support 435 species of butterflies from Sinaloa (with an field work; it is the paucity of taxonomists inte- estimated total of about 500) and 345 species rested in working on the Lepidoptera of this uni- from Sonora (with an estimated 380), compared que region. In the face of continuing habitat mo- with 174 species from Baja California. dification and the increased potential for the in- troduction of non-native species, additional field STATUS OF A COMPLETE LEPIDOPTE- work on the peninsula should be strongly encou- RA INVENTORY raged, as should collaboration among U.S. and The enforcement of federal regulations by the Mexican scientists. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service regarding the im- portation" of specimens from Mexico should not ACKNOWLEDGMENTS discourage U.S. scientists interested in the Le- I thank the following for allowing me to exa- pidoptera of Baja California because there are mine Lepidoptera from Baja California in their large holdings already available for study in se- care or providing information regarding their co- veral U.S. institutions. For example, there are llections: Julian Donahue, Los Angeles County approximately 20,000 specimens ofBaja Califor- Museum of Natural History, California; David nian Lepidoptera in the collection of the San Die- Faulkner, San Diego Natural History Museum, go Natural History Museum (SDNMH); approxi- California; Jerry Powell, Essig Museum of Ento- mately 17,000 specimens at the Los Angeles mology, University of California, Berkeley; John County Museum of Natural History (LACM); Rawlins, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, and at least 15,000 specimens at the Carnegie Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and James Miller, Museum of Natural History (CMNH). There also American Museum of Natural History, New are considerable holdings at the California Aca- York, New York. Julian Donahue made available demy of Sciences and the American Museum of his preliminary list of the Arctiidae and provided Natural History, with lesser amounts at the Essig many literature citations I had overlooked. I Museum of Entomology at the University of Ca- thank Tomas Mustelin, San Diego, California, for lifornia, Berkeley, and the Bohart Museum of identifications of Noctuidae, and Marc Epstein, Entomology at the University of California, Da- National Museum of Natural History, Washing- vis. While the majority of specimens at SDNHM ton, D.C., for identifications of Limacodidae. I and CMNH are butterflies, other families of ma- thank the following for helpful comments on the crolepidoptera are well represented in these and manuscript: Steven Lingafelter and David Smith, other institutions, especially LACM. On the other Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, Na- hand, there is little doubt that the material repre- tional Museum of Natural History; Andrew Wa- sented in these and other depositories falls well rren, Oregon State University, Corvallis; and two short of a complete inventory of Baja Californian anonymous reviewers. Andrew Warren provided Lepidoptera, and considerable collecting efforts unpublished information on the butterflies of So- are still necessary. Shortcomings in the existing nora and Sinaloa. Finally, I thank Richard West- material include the quality and quantity of spe- cott and William Clark for their efforts organi- cimens of some families, particularly microlepi- zing the symposium on the entomofauna of Baja doptera, and inadequate seasonal coverage for California at which these preliminary data were most regions of the peninsula. Nonetheless, the first presented. greatest challenge to the study of the Lepidoptera

97 Brown: Lepidopt era diversity on the Peninsula of Baja California, Mexico

REFERENCES CITED (Hesperiidae: Pyrginac). Journal of the Lepidopterists So- BAILOWITZ, R. A. 1988. Systematics of Ascia (Ganyra) ciety, 50: 173-216 (Pieridae) populations in the Sonoran Desert. Journal of BURNS, J M. 2000. Pyrgus communis and Pyrgus albescens Research on the Lepidoptera, 26: 73-81 (Hesperiidae Pyrginae) are separate transcontinental species BARNES, W.. AND F. BENJAMIN. 1923. Expedition of the with variable but diagnostic valves. Journal of the Lepi- California Academy of Sciences to the Gulf of California in dopterists Society, 54: 52-71. 1921. Noctuidae (moths). A new subspecies of Escaria CARY, M. M. 1963. Reports on the Margaret M. Cary-Carne- claudia Grote. Proceedings of the California Academy of gie Museum Expedition to Baja California, Mexico, 1961. Sciences (4th ser.), 12: 423424. 2. The family Sphingidae. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, BEUTELSPACHER, C. R. 1988. Entomofauna de las islas del 36: 193-204. Golfo de California, Mexico 1. Hallazgo y redescripcion de CORDERO, R. J., R. L. BROWN AND H. N. PITRE. 2000. Des- Hemileuca sororia (Hy. Edwards) (Lepidoptera: Satur- cription of life stages and distribution of Metaponeumata niidac). Anales de la Instituto Biologia UNAM 58 (1987) rogenhoferi (Lepidoptera: Noctu idae). Tropical Lepi- (Ser. Zool.): 687-688. doptera, 10(1999): 59-67. BRAIJN, A. 1923. Expedition of the California Academy of EIcHLIN,T. D. 1992. Clearwing moths of Baja California, Me- Sciences to the Gulfof California in 1921. The tineid moths. xieo(Lepidoptera. Sesiidae), Tropical Lepidoptera, 3: 135- Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (4th ISO. ser,), 12: 117-122. GAEDIKE, R. 1990. Revision der nearktischen Douglasiidae BROWN, J. W. 1987. The peninsular effect in Baja California: (Lepidoptera). Beitrage Entomologische, 40: 287-300. an entomological assessment. Journal of Biogeography, 14: GOULD, F N., AND R. MORAN. 1981. The grasses of Baja Ca- 359-365. lifornia, Mexico, San Diego Society ofNat utral History Me- BROWN, J. W. 1990. The early stages of Doa dora Neumoege- moirs, 12 1-140, n and Dyar (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Doidae) in Baja Ca- HASBROUCK, F. 1964. Moths of the family Acrolophidae in lifornia, Mexico. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, America north of Mexico (Microlepidoptera). Proceedings 28(1989): 26-36. of the United States National Museum, 114: 487-706. BROWN, J. W., AND K. BASH. 2000. Lepidoptera of Marine HODGES, R. W. 1966. Review of the New World species of Corps Air Station Miramar: Calculating faunal similarity Bairachedra with description of three new genera (Lepi- among sampling Sites and estimating overall species rich- doptera: Gelechioidea). Transactions of the American Ento- ness. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 36(1998): mological Society, 92: 585-651. 45-78, HODGES, R. W. 1974. Gelechioidea, Oeeophoridae. Moths of BROWN, J. W., AND J. P. DONAHUE, 1989. Sphingidac (Le- America north of Mexico, fasc, 6.2. E. W. Classey Ltd. & pidoptera) of Baja California, Mexico. Journal of the Lepi- R.B.D. Pub!, Inc., London, doplerists Society, 43: 184-209. HOGUE, C. 1963. Revision of Plagiomimicus (Lepidoptera: BROWN, J. W., AND D. K. FAULKNER. 1990. The butterflies of Noctuidae). Los Angeles County Museum of Natural Histo- Isla de Cedros, Baja California Norte, Mexico. Journal of ry, Contributions in Science, 64. Research on the Lepidoplera, 27(1988): 233-256. Hsu, Y.-F., AND J. A. POWELL. 2004. Phylogenetic relation- BROWN, J. W., AND D. K. FAULKNER. 1997. A new species of ships within Heliodinidae and systematics of moths for- Litoprosopus (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Baja Califor- merly assigned to Heliodines Stainton (Lepidoptera: Ypo- nia, Mexico. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 73: 122-126. nomeutoidea). University of California Publications in En- BROWN, J. W., AND P. A. OPLER. 1990. Patterns of butterfly tomology 124: in press. species density in peninsular Florida. Journal of Biogeo- KRISTENSEN, N. (ed.). 1999. Lepidoptera, moths and butter- graphy, 17: 615-622. flies. Volume I: Evolution, systematics, and biogeography. BROWN, J. W., H. G. REAL, AND D. K. FAULKNER. 1992. Handbook ofZoology 4(35), Arthropoda: Insecta. Walter de Butterflies ofBaja Cal fornia:faunaI survey, biogeography, Gruyter, Berlin & New York. conservation biology. Lepidoptera Research Foundation, LAFONTAINE, J. D., AND R. W. POOLE. 1991. Noctuoidea, Noc- Beverly Hills, CA. tuidac (part): Plusiinae. Moths of America north of Mexico, BUCKETT, J. 1971. Revision of the Nearctic genus Philatraea fasc. 25.1. E. W. Classey Ltd. & R.B.D. PubI. Inc., London, Hulst, with notes on biology and the descriptions of new LANDRY, i-F. 1991. Systematics ofNcarctic Scythrididae (Le- species (Geometridae). Journal ofResearch on the Lepidop- pidoptera: Gelcchioidea): phylogeny and classification of tera, 9: 29-64. supraspecilic taxa, with a review of described species. Me- BURNS, J. M. 1996. Genitalia and the proper genus: Codairac- moirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 160: 1-341. tus gets mysie and uvydixa-in a compact cyda group-as well LEMAIRE. C. 1978. Les Attacidae Americains (=Saturniidae), as a hysterectomy, while Cephise gets part of Polythri.r Atlacinae. Published by the author. LEMAIRE, C. 1988. Les Saturniidae Americains (=Attacidae),

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Ceratocampinae. Museo Nacional de Costa Rica land of southern California (Tortricidae. Cnephasiini). Pan- LEMARIE, C. 1993. Description of deux Hemileuca inedits Pacific Entomologist. 74. 102-107. (Lepidoptera Saturniidae Hemilcucinae). Lambillonea, 93: POWEi.L,J A., J. A. C0MSroCK, AND C, F. HARBISON, 1973 117-122. Biology, geographical distribution, and status of Atteva MACNEILL, C. D. 1962. A preliminary report on the Hespe- exqulsta (Lepidoptera: Yponomcutidae). Transactions ofthe riidae of Baja California (Lepidoptera). Proceedings of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 17: 175-186 California Academy of Science, 30: 91-116. RAVEN, P. H., AND D. I. AxELROD. 1977. Origin and relation- McCABE, T. 1992. A revision of the genus Hypsoropha Hit- ships of the California flora. University of California Publi- bner (Lepidoptera). Journal of the New York Entomological cations in Botany 72. Society, 100: 273-285. RAzOwSKI, J. 1984. Review ofneotropical Cochylis with des- MtJNROE, E. 1959. Pyralidae collected in Lower California by cription of new species (Lepidoptera: Tortricudae). Bulletin Mr. J. Powell (Lepidoptera). Canadian Entomologist, 91: of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Biological Science, 32: 725-727. 281-291 MUNROE, E. 1972. Pyraloidea, Pyralidae (part): Odontiniiae, RAZOWSKI, J. 1985a. Descriptions of Rudenia gen. n and its Glaphyriinae. Moths of America north of Mexico, fasc, two new species (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Polskie Pismo 13.Ib. E. W. Classey Ltd. & R.B.D. PuhI, Inc., London. Entomologiczne, 55: 519-522. PATTERSON, D., ANDJ. POWELL. 1959. Lepidoptera collecting RAZOWSKI, J. 1985b. On the generic groups Saphenista and in the Sierra San Pedro Martir, Baja California. Journal of Cochylis (Tortricidae). Nota Lepidopterologia, 8: 55-60. the Lepidopterists Society, 13: 229-235. RAzowsKt, J. 1986a. New and little known Neotropical Co- POGuE, M. G. 1988. Revision of the genus Lorita Busck (Le- chylidii (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Acta Zoologica Craco- pidoptera: Tortricidae: Cochylini), with a description of a viensia, 29: 373-396 new species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of RAZOWSKI,J 1986b. Synopsis of Platphalonidia Raz. (Lepi- Washington, 90: 440457. doptera, Tortricidae). Polska Akademie Nauk, Annales Zoo- POGUE, M. 0., AND A. C. LAUGHLIN. 2002. A revision of the logici, 40: 383-386. genus Bulia Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of RAZOWSKI, J 1990. Contribution to Cochylini fauna of Me- the Lepidopterists Society, 56: 129-150. xico (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). SHILAP Revista Lepi- POOLE, R. W. 1987, A taxonomic revision of the New World dopterologia, 18: 337-345. genus Pero (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). United States De- RAZOWSKI, J. 1991. Second revision of Henricus Busck, 1943 partment of Agriculture Technical Bulletin 1698, 257 pp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). SHILAP Revista Lepidopte- POWELL, J. A. 1973. A systematic monograph of the New rologia, 19: 53-66. World ethmiid moths (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidca). Smithso- RAz0WsKI, J. 1994. Synopsis of the Neotropical Cochylini nian Contributions in Zoology, 120. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, POWELL, J. A. 1976. The giant blastohasid moths of Yucca 37: 121-320. (Gclechioidea). Journal of the Lepidopterists Society, 30: RINDGE, F. H. 1966. A revision of the moth genus Anacamp- 219-229. todes (Lepidoptera. Gcometridae). Bulletin of the American POWELL, J. A. 1977. Biological and distributional data for Museum of Natural History, 132: 175-244. Evergestis angustalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Pan-Pacific RINDGE, F. H. 1969. Reports on the Margaret M. Cary-Car- Entomologist, 53: 113. negie Museum Expedition to Baja California, Mexico, 1961. POWELL, J. A. 1980. A synopsis of Decodes (Lepidoptera: 6. The Subfamily Ennominae (Geometridae: Lepidoptera). Tortricidae), with descriptions of new species and a related Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 41: 25-44. new genus in Mexico. Pacific Insects, 22: 78-114. RINDGE, F. H. 1970. A revision of the moth genera Hulstina POWELL, J. A. 1983. Expanding geographical and ecological and Pterotaea (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Bulletin of the range of Platynota stultana in California (Lepidoptera: American Museum of Natural History, 142: 255-342. Tortricidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 59: 233-239. RINDC;E, F. H. 1973a. Moths of the subfamily Ennominae POWELL, J. A. 1991. A review of Lithariapteryx (Heliodini- (Geometridae, Lepidoptera) of the Belvedere Expedition to dae), with description of an elegant new species from coas- the GulfofCalifornia, Mexico. Journal of the New York En- tal sand dunes. Journal of the Lepidopterists Society, 45: tomological Society, 81: 128-135. 89-104 RINOGE, F. H. 1973b. A revision of the genera Nepterotaea P0wELL.J. A. 1995. Lepidoptera inventories in the continental and Chesiadodes (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Bulletin of United States, pp. 168-170. In: LaRoe, E. G. Farris, C. the American Museum of Natural History, 152: 205-252. Puckett, P. Doran & M. Mac (eds.), Our Living Resources, RINDGE, F. H 1976a. Distributional notes on some Ennominae U.S. Department of Interior, Washington, DC. from Baja California, with descriptions of new species POWELL, J. A., ANDJ. W. BROWN, 1998. A new species ofEri- (I.epidoptera, Geometridac). American Museum of Natural caceae-feeding Decodes from the Channel Islands and main- History Novitates, 2592: 1-13.

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RINDGE, F. H. 1976b. A revision of the moth genus Plaiaea servalion Biology, 12: 1066-1075. (Lepidoptera, Geometridac). American Museum of Natural WELLs, R. 1991, First record of Saturnta albofasciata John- History Novitates, 2595: 1-42, son (Saturniidae) from Mexico Journal of the l.epidopze- SCHWARTZ, M. M. 1988. Species diversity patterns in woody rists Society, 45: 65-66. flora on three North American peninsulas. Journal of Bio- WIC,QINS, I 1980. Flora of Baja California. Stanford Univer- geography. 15: 759-774. sity Press, CA. 1025 pp. SMITH, M. J., AND R. WELLS. 1993. Rediscovery of Hyalo- WOLFE, K. L., AND M. D. VALVERDE, 1986 Saturnia wal- phora euryalus cedrosensis, with descriptions of the adult teroru,n (Saturniidae) in Mexico: a new national record. and larval stages (Saturniidae). Journal of the Lepi- Journal of the Lepidoplerists Society, 40: 54. dopterists Society, 47: 114-124. WRIGHT, W. S 1923. Expedition of the California Academy TRUXALL, F. S. 1960. Symposium the biogeography of Baja of Sciences to the GulfofCalifornia in 1921. The geometrid California and adjacent seas. Part 3. Terrestrial and fresh moths. Proceedings of the California Academy of Science, water biotas. The entomofauna with special reference to its 12: 113-115. origin and affinities. Systematic Zoology, 9: 165-170. VILLASEiOR, J. L., G. IBARRA AND D. OCANA. 1998. Stra- Recibido: 8 de abril del 2003. tegies for the Conservation of Asteraceae in Mexico, Con- Aceptado: 31 de marzo del 2004.

APPENDIX

PRELIMINARY LIST OF THE LEPIDOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO

This list is based on published literature, unpublished studies, and identified specimens at the Los Angeles County Museum ofNatural History (LACM), San Diego Natural History Museum (SDNHM), Essig Museum of Entomology, University of California, Berkeley (UCB), and National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington (USNM). It is far from complete (it is likely that it includes only about 30% of the fauna) and is intended primarily as a starting point. A literature citation or depository of specimen(s) examined is provided for each species documented from Baja California. The supporting bibliography accompanies the preceding paper. Endemic taxa are indicated by an asterisk (). The sequence of families, genera, and species follows Hodges (1983), with a few modifications based on the recently published Handbook of Zoology (Kristensen 1999). The abbreviation "cf." is use where the species identification is not certain.

INCURVARHDAE SDNHM Tegeticula maculata (Riley) - SDNHM Acrolophus pseudohirsutus Hasbrouke - Prodoxus coloradensis Riley - LACM Hasbrouck 1964 Adela puncqferella Walsingham - SDNHM A crolophuspyramellus (Barnes & McDunnough) - Hasbrouck 1964 TINEIDAE Acrolophus kearfotti (Dyar) - LACM Diachorisa velatella Clemens - SDNHM Acrolophus variabilis (Walsingham) group - Xylesthia albicans Braun - SDNHM LACM Myrmecozela erecta Braun - Braun 1923 Acrolophus sp. I - SDNMN Tinea occidentella Chambers - SDNHM Acrolophus sp. 2 - SDNHM Acrolophus sp. 3 - SDNHM ACROLOPHIDAE Acrolophus spp. - Braun 1923 Acrolophus laticapitanus leopardus (Busck) - Amydria sp. I - SDNHM

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ELACHISTIDAE Gnorimoschema triocellella (Chambers) - Braun Depressariodes cf. thoracefascie/la (Chambers) - 1923 Patterson & Powell 1959 Chionodes sp. I - SDNMH Martyrhilda nechlys Hodges - Hodges 1974 Chionodes cf. notandella (Busck) - SDNHM Ethmia arctostaphylella (Walsingham) - Powell Chionodes cf. kincaidella (Busck) - SDNHM 1973 Chionodes sistrella (Busck) - Braun 1923, Ethmia discostrigella (Chambers) - Powell 1973 SDNHM Eihmia phoenicura Meyrick - Powell 1973 Aroga morene/la (Busck) - SDNHM Ethmiapapiella Powell - LACM Aroga paulella (Busck) - Patterson & Powell Ethmia hodgese/la Powell - Powell 1973 1959 Ethmia baja Powell - Powell 1973 Aroga sp. I - SDNMH Brymblia quadrimacu/ella (Chambers) - Hodges Aroga sp. 2 - SDNHM 1974 Filatima albipectus Walsingham - Braun 1923 Pleurota albastrigulella (Kearfott) - Patterson & Faculta mae qua/is Busck - Braun 1923 Powell 1959; Hodges 1974 Anacampsis triangularis Braun - Braun 1923 Antaeotricha sp. I - SDNHM Dichomeris mexicana Walsingham - Braun 1923

COSMOPTERIGIDAE PLUTELLIDAE Antequera acertella (Busck) - SDNHM Plute/la xyloslel/a (Linnaeus) - SDNHM Walshia cf. amorphella Clemens - SDNHM Ypsolopha cf. angelicella (Busck) - SDNHM Ypsolopha cf. gerdanel/a (Busck) - SDNHM XYLORYCTIDAE Ypso/opha cf. de/icatella (Busck) - SDNHM Arorura divaricata (Braun) - Landry 1991 Ypsolopha cf. striate/la (Busck) - SDNHM Arotrura hymenata Landry - Landry 1991 Ypsolopha sp. I - SDNHM Arotrura longissima Landry - Landry 1991 Ypsolopha sp. 2 - SDNHM Arotrura sponsella (Busck) - Landry 1991 Scythris sp. I - SDNHM YPONOMEUTIDAE Scythris sp. 2 - LACM Atteva exquisita Busck - Powell, Comstock & Harbison 1973 COLEOPHORIDAE Batrachedra linaria Clarke - Hodges 1966 DOUGLASIIDAE Holcoceragigantella (Chambers) - Braun 1923; Tinagma mexicanum Gaedike - Gaedike 1990 Powell 1976 I-IELIODINIDAE GELECHIIDAE Neoheliodines n. sp. I - Hsu & Powell 2004; Isophrictis sp. I - SDNHM UCB Aristotelia elegantella (Chambers) - SDNHM Neohe/iodines n. sp. 2 - Hsu & Powell 2004; Aristotelia howardi Walsingham - Braun 1923 UCB Aristotelia pu/vera Braun - Braun 1923 Embola n. sp. I - Hsu & Powell 2003; UCB Te/phusa nigrimaculata Braun - Braun 1923 Euhe/iodines n. sp. I - Hsu & Powell 2004; UCB Pseudochelaria cf. scabrella (Busck) - SDNHM Aeto/e bella Chambers - Hsu & Powell 2004; Gelechia elaboratella Braun - Braun 1923 UCB Ge/echia intermedia Braun - Braun 1923 Aetole unipunctella (Walsingham) - Hsu &

101 Brown: Lepidoptera diversity on the Peninsula of Baja California, Mexico

Powell 2004; UCB TORTRICIDAE Aetole n. sp. I - Hsu & Powell 2004; IJCB Endothenia hebesana (Walsingham)- Patterson Aetole n. sp. 2 - Hsu & Powell 2004; UCB & Powell 1959; USNM Aetole n. sp. 3 - Hsu & Powell 2004; UCB Bactra verutana Zeller - USNM Lithariapteryx abroniaeella Chambers - Powell Petrova albicapitana (Busck) - SDNHM 1991; SDNHM Eucosma cf. pulveratana (Walsingham) - SDNHM SESIIDAE Eucosma cf. hazelana Mots - SDNHM Sophona snellingi Eichlin - Eichlin 1992 Eucosma ridingsana (Robinson) - SDNHM Zenodoxus mexicanus Beutenmuller - Eichlin Eucosma morrisoni (Walsingham) - SDNHM; 1992 USNM Zenodoxus pa/mu (Neumoegen) - Eichlin 1992 Eucosma sp. I - SDNHM Paranthrene robiniae (Edwards) - Eichlin 1992 Petrova sp. I - LACM Melittia gloriosa Edwards - Eichlin 1992 Pelochrista sp. I - SDNHM Melittia magnfIca Beutenmuller - Eichlin 1992 Epiblema sp. I - SDNHM Melittia gilberti Eichlin - Eichlin 1992 Epib/ema sp. 2- SDNHM Me/ittiafaulkneri Eichlin - Eichlin 1992 Crocidosemaplebejana Zeller - SDNHM Synanthedon bibionipennis (Boisduval) - Eichl in Crocidosema cf. lantana Busck - SDNHM; 1992 LISNM Synanthedonpolygoni (Edwards) - Eichlin 1992 Grapho/ita vitrana Walsingham - SDNHM Synanthedon resplendens (Edwards) - Eichlin Ofatulena luminosa Heinrich - SDNHM 1992 Ofatulena duodecimstriata (Walsingham) - Carmenta andrewsi Eichlin - Eichlin 1992 LACM Carmenta erici Eichlin - Eichlin 1992 Cydia piperana Kearfott - SDNHM; LACM Penstemonia hennel Engelhardt - Eichlin 1992 Cydia membrosa (Heinrich) - SDNHM; LACM Hymenoclea palmii (Beutenmuller) - Eichlin Cydia latferreanus (Walsingham) - SDNHM 1992 Epinotia biangulana (Walsingham) - SDNHM Epinotiasubplicana (Walsingham) - Patterson & CHOREUTIDAE Powell 1959 Tebenna gemmalis (Hulst) - SDNHM Ethe/goda texana (Walsingham) - USNM Tortyrasp. I -SDNHM Decodes johnstoni Powell - Powell 1980 Decodes fragarianus (Busck) - SDNHM COSSIDAE Decodes helix Powell & Brown - Powell & Hypopta palmata Barnes & McDunnough Brown 1998 SDNHM Anopina triangulana (Kearfott) - SDNMH Givira cf. marga Barnes & McDunnough Argyrotaenia niscana (Kearfott) - Patterson & SDNHM Powell 1959; Powell 1960 Givira mucida (Edwards) - LACM Argyrotaenia franciscana/citrana (complex) - Givira cf. carla Dyar - LACM SDNHM Comadiapolingi Barnes & Benjamin - LACM Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) - SDNHM Fania nana (Strecker) - LACM Choristoneura lambertiana (Busck) - SDNHM Prionoxystus robioniae (Peck) - LACM Sparganothis senecionana (Walsingham) - SDNHM

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Playnota larreana (Comstock) - SDNHM - Brown et at. 1992 Platynota stultana Walsingham - Powell 1983 Staphylus ceos (Edwards) - Brown et at. 1992 Platynota labiosana (Zeller) - SDNHM Systasea zampa (Edwards) - Brown et al. 1992 Platynota rostrana (Walker) - SDNHM Chiomara asychis pelagica (Weeks) - Brown et Platynota sp. 1 - SDNHM al. 1992 Amorbia cuneana (Walsingham) - SDNHM; Erynnis brizo lacustra (Wright) - Brown et al. UCB 1992 Amorbia sp. I - LACM Erynnispropertius (Scudder & Burgess) - Brown Lorita scarfera Meyrick - Pogue 1988 et al. 1992 Henricus hem itelius Razowski - Razowski 1994 Erynnis tristis tristis (Boisduval) - Brown et at. Eugnosta sebasta Razowski - Razowski 1994 1992 Eugnosta mills Razowski - Razowski 1994 Epynnjs tristis patersoni Burns - Brown et al. Eugnosta ca1fornica (Razowski) - Razowski 1992 1994 Erynnis pacuvius callidus (Grinnell) - Brown et Eugnosa busckana (Comstock) - Razowski 1994 al. 1992 Platyphalonidia calfornica Razowski - ErynnisJuneralis (Scudder & Burgess) - Brown Razowski 1994 et al. 1992 Rudeniapaupercu/a Razowski - Razowski 1985 Erynnis qfranius (Lintner) - Brown et al. 1992 Rudenia immanis Razowski - Razowski 1994 Pyrgus scriptura (Boisduval) - Brown et al. 1992 Rudenia nigrans Razowski - Razowski 1985 Pyrgus albescens Plötz - Brown et at. 1992; Mimcochylis planola Razowski - Razowski Burns 2000 1994 Pyrgus oileus oileus (Linneaus) - Brown et al. Cochylis insipida Razowski - Razowski 1994 1992 Cochylis eutaxia Razowski - Razowski 1994 Pyrgusphiletas (Edwards) - Brown et al. 1992 Cochylisflabilis Razowski - SDNHM Heliopetes domicella domicella (Erichson) - Cochylisyuccatana Busck - SDNHM Brown et al. 1992 Cochylispimana Busck - SDNHM Helopetes ericetorum (Boisduval) - Brown et al. 1992 HESPERJJDAE Heliopetes laviana laviana (Hewitson) - Brown Epargyreus clarus calfornicus MacNeill - et al. 1992 Brown etal. 1992 Pholisora catullus (Fabricius) - Brown et al. Chioides catillus albofascialus (Hewitson) - 1992 Brown et al. 1992 Hesperopsis libya libya (Scudder) - Brown et al. Urban us proteus proteus (Linnaeus) - Brown et 1992 al. 1992 Hesperopsis gracielae (MacNeill) - Brown et al. Urbanus dorantes calajIa (Williams) - Brown et 1992 al. 1992 Synapte syraces (Godman & Selvin) - Brown et Achalarus albociliatus albociliatus (Mabile) - al. 1992 Brown et at. 1992 Nastrajulia (Freeman) - Brown et al. 1992 Thorybespylades (Scudder) - Brown et al. 1992 Nastra neamathia (Skinner & Williams) - Brown Codatractus mysie Dyar (formerly misidentified et al. 1992 as Thorybes valeriana) - Burns 1996 Lerema accius (Smith) - Brown et at. 1992 cogia hippaluspeninsularis Miller & MacNeill Copaeodes aurantiacus (Hewitson) - Brown et

103 Brown: Lepidoptera diversity on the Peninsula of Baja California, Mexico

al. 1992 Papilio zelicaon Lucas - Brown et al. 1992 Hylephilaphyleus (Drury) - Brown et al. 1992 Papilio indra pergamus Edwards - Brown et al. Hesperiajuba (Scudder) - Brown et al. 1992 1992 Hesperia colorado leussleri (Lindsey) - Brown et Papilio cresphontes cresphontes Cramer - Brown al. 1992 et al. 1992 Hesperiapahaska cf. williamsi Lindsey - Brown Papilio astyalus bajaensis Brown & Faulkner - et al. 1992 Brown et al. 1992 Polites sabuleti sabuleti (Boisduval) - Brown et Papilio rutulus rutulus Lucas - Brown et al. 1992 at. 1992 Papilio eurymedon Lucas - Brown et al. 1992 polites sabuleti margaretae Miller & MacNeil! - Brown et al. 1992 PIERIDAE Polites sonora sonora (Scudder) - Brown et al. Pontia beckerii (Edwards) - Brown et al. 1992 1992 Pontia sisymbrii sisymbrii (Boisduval) - Brown A talopedes campestris campestris (Boisduval) - et al. 1992 Brown et al. 1992 Pontia protodice (Boisduval & LeConte) - Ochiodes sylvanoides sylvanoides (Boisduval) - Brown et at. 1992 Brown et al. 1992 Pieris rapae (Linnaeus) - Brown et al. 1992 Ochiodes agricola agricola (Boisduval) - Brown Ascia monuste raza Klots - Brown et al. 1992 et al. 1992 Ganyra howarthi (Dixey) - Bailowitz 1988; Poanes melane melane (Edwards) - Brown et al. Brown et al. 1992 1992 Euchloe hyantis lotta Beutenmu!ler - Brown et Amblyscirtes tolteca Scudder - Brown et al. 1992 al. 1992 Lerodea eufala eufala (Edwards) - Brown et al. Anthocharis cethura cethura Felder & Felder - 1992 Brown et at. 1992 Lerodea arabus (Edwards) - Brown et al. 1992 Anthocharis sara sara Lucas - Brown et at. 1992 Panoquina errans (Skinner) - Brown et al. 1992 Anthocahris lanceolata australis (Grinnell) - Nyctelius nyctelius (Latreille) - Brown et al. 1992 Brown et al. 1992 Calpodes ethlius (Stoll) - Brown et al. 1992 Colias eurytheme Boisduval - Brown et al. 1992 Agathymus stephensi (Skinner) - Brown et al. Colias harfordii Edwards - Brown et at. 1992 1992 Colias eurydice Boisduval - Brown et al. 1992 Agathymus comstocki (Harbison) - Brown et al. Colias cesonia cesonia (Stoll) - Brown et al. 1992 1992 Agathymus dawsoni Harbison - Brown et al. Anleos clorinde niv(fera (Frustorfer) - Brown et 1992 at. 1992 Megathymus coloradensis martini Stallings & Anteos maerula lacordairei (Boisduval) - Brown Turner - Brown et al. 1992 et al. 1992 Phoebis sennae marcellina (Cramer) - Brown et PAPILIONIDAE at. 1992 Battus philenor philenor (Linnaeus) - Brown et Phoebis philea philea (Johansson) - Brown et al. al. 1992 1992 Papilio polyxenes asterius Stoll - Brown et al. Phoebis agarithejIsheri (Edwards) - Brown et 1992 at. 1992 polyxenes coloro Wright - Brown et al. 1992 Kricogonia lyside (Godart) - Brown et at. 1992

104 Folia Eniomol. Mex., 43(l) (2004)

Eurema daira daira (Godart) - Brown et at. 1992 Cal/op hrys gryneu.c nelsoni (Boisduval) - Brown Eurema boisduvaliana (Felder & Felder) - et al. 1992 Brown et at. 1992 gryneus loki (Skinner) - Brown et al. 1992 Eurema mexicana (Boisduvat) - Brown et at. Callophrys gryneus cedrosensis (Brown & 1992 Faulkner) - Brown et al. 1992 Euremaproerpia(Fabricius)- Brown et al. 1992 Incisalia augustinus iro ides (Boisduval) - Brown Eurema lisa lisa (Boisduval & LeConte) - Brown et al. 1992 et al. 1992 Hypost,ymon critolafestata (Weeks) - Brown et Eurema nise nelphe (Felder) - Brown et at. 1992 at. 1992 Eurema nicippe (Cramer) - Brown et at. 1992 Strymon melinuspudica (Edwards) - Brown et at. Nathalis iole Boisduval - Brown et at. 1992 992 Strymon alea (Godman & Satvin) - Brown et at. LYCAENIDAE 1992 Lycaena arota arota (Boisduval) - Brown et at. Srymon istapa (Reakirt) - Brown et at. 1992 1992 Strymon cestri (Reakirt) - Brown et al. 1992 Lycaena xanthoides xanthoides (Boisduval) - Strymon bazochii (Godart) - Brown et al. 1992 Brown et at. 1992 Brephidium exilis (Boisduval) - Brown et at. Lycaena gorgon (Boisduval) - Brown et at. 1992 1992 Lycaena helloides (Boisduvat) - Brown et at. Leptotes cassius striata (Edwards) - Brown et at. 1992 1992 Lycaena hermes (Edwards) - Brown et at. 1992 Leplotes marina (Reakirt) - Brown et at. 1992 Habrodaispoodiae Brown & Faulkner - Brown Hem iargus ceraunus gyas (Edwards) - Brown et et al. 1992 at. 1992 At/ides halesus corcorani Clench - Brown et al. Hemiargus iso/us a/ce (Edwards) - Brown et at. 1992 1992 Chiorostrymon simaet his santa (Skinner) - Everes amyntula amyntu/a (Boisduval) - Brown Brown et at. 1992 et al. 1992 Satyrium calfornicum (Edwards) - Brown et at. Celastrina ladon echo (Edwards) - Brown et al. 1992 992 Sazyrium sylvinum sylvinum (Boisduvat) - Brown Euphilotes bernardino bernardino (Barnes & et al. 1992 McDunnough) - Brown et at. 1992 Satyrium auretorum spadix (Edwards) - Brown Euphilotes bernardino garthi Mattoni - Brown et al. 1992 et al. 1992 Satyrium tetra (Edwards) - Brown et at. 1992 Euphilotes enoptes dammersi (Comstock & Satyrium saepium saepium (Boisduval) - Brown Henne) - Brown et at. 1992 et al. 1992 Philotiella speciosa (Edwards) - Brown et at. Ministrymon clytie (Edwards) - Brown et al. 1992 1992 Philotes sonorensis sonorensis (Fetder & Felder) Ministrymon leda (Edwards) - Brown et at. 1992 -Brown et at. 1992 Ca/lop hys dumetorum dumetorum (Boisduval) - Glaucopsyche piasus sagittigera (Felder & Brown et at. 1992 Felder) - Brown et al. 1992 Callophrys spinetorum (Hewitson) - Brown et at. G/aucopsyche /ygdamus austra/is (Grinnell) - 1992 Brown et at. 1992

105 Brown: Lepidoptera diversity on the Peninsula of Baja California, Mexico

lygdamus maritima (Weeks) - Brown et at. at. 1992 1992 Chiosyne calfornica (Wright) - Brown et at. Lycaeides melissa paradoxa (Chermock) - 1992 Brown et at. 1992 Chlosyne lacinia crocale (Edwards) - Brown et Plebejus icarioides evius (Boisduval) - Brown et at. 1992 at. 1992 Chlo.syne gabii gabbii (Behr) - Brown et at. 1992 Plebejus acmon acmon (Westwood & Hewitson) Dymasia dymas imperialis (Bauer) - Brown et at. - Brown et al. 1992 1992 Plebejus lupini monticola (Clemence) - Brown et dymas chara (Edwards) - Brown et at. 1992 at. 1992 Phyciodes texana texana (Edwards) - Brown et al. 1992 RIODINIDAE Phyciodesphaon (Edwards) - Brown et at. 1992 Calephelis nemesis calfornica McAlpine - Phyciodes tharos distincta Bauer - Brown et al. Brown et al. 1992 1992 Calephelis nemesis hajaensis McAlpine - Euphydryas chalcedona chalcedona Brown et at. 1992 (Doubleday) - Brown et al. 1992 Calephelis wrightii Holland - Brown et al. 1992 chalcedona hennei Scott - Brown et at. 1992 Melanis acroleuca (Felder) - Brown et at. 1992 Euphydryas editha quino (Behr) - Brown et at. Apodemia mormo maxima (Weeks) - Brown et 1992 at. 1992 Nymphalis ant iopa antiopa (Linnaeus) - Brown mormo virgulti (Behr) - Brown et at. 1992 et al. 1992 mormo deserti Barnes & McDunnough - Brown Nymphalis calfornica (Boisduval) - Faulkner, in et al. 1992 itt. sApodemia mormo dialeuca Opter & Powell - Vanessa virginien.cis (Drury) - Brown et at. 1992 Brown et at. 1992 Vanessa cardui (Linnaeus) - Brown et at. 1992 Apodemia murphyi Austin - Brown et al. 1992 Vanessa annabella (Field) - Brown et at. 1992 Apodemiapalmeri (Edwards) - Brown et at. 1992 Vanessa atalanta rubria (Fruhstorfer) - Brown et Apodemia hepburni Godman & Salvin - Brown at. 1992 et al. 1992 Junonia coenia Hubner - Brown et al. 1992 Junonia evarete (Cramer) - Brown et at. 1992 NYMPHALJDAE Junonia nigrosuffusa Barnes & McDunnough - Libytheana bachmanii larvata (Strecker) - Brown et at. 1992 Brown et al. 1992 Anartia jatrophae (Johansson) - Brown et at. Dione vanillae incarnata (Riley) - Brown et at. 1992 1992 Basilarchia archippus archippus (Cramer) - Euptoieta claudia (Cramer) - Brown et at. 1992 Brown et at. 1992 Euptoieta hegesia hoffmanni (Comstock) - Basilarchia Iorquini lorquini (Boisduvat) - Brown et al. 1992 Brown et at. 1992 Speyeria coronis semiramis (Edwards) - Brown Adelpha bredowii calfornica(Butter) - Brown et et al. 1992 al. 1992 Speyeria callippe comsiocki (Gunder) - Brown et Myscelia cyananthe streckeri Skinner - Brown at. 1992 et al. 1992 Thessalia leanira wrighti (Edwards) - Brown et Mesira amymone (Menetries) - Brown et at. 1992

106 Folia Entomol. Mex. 43(1) (2004)

Anaea aidea aidea (Guérin-Ménêville) - Brown Mo] avia achemonalis (Barnes & McDunnough) - etal. 1992 LACM Asterocampa Id/ia jell/a (Edwards) - Brown et Dicymolomia metallferalis (Packard) - SDNHM al. 1992 Dicymo/omia sp. I - SDNHM Ceononympha tullia california Westwood - Chalcoela iphitalis (Walker) - LACM Brown et al. 1992 Evergestia angustalis (Barnes & McDunnough) - Cercyonis sthenele silvestris (Edwards) - Brown Powell 1977 et al. 1992 Evergestia cf. triangula/is Barnes & Opsiphanes hoisduvalii Westwood - Brown et al. McDunnough - SDNHM 1992 Cornfrons actual/s Barnes & McDunnough - Danaus gilippus thersippus (Bates) - Brown et SDN H M al. 1992 Saucrobotys futilalis (Lederer) - Patterson & Danaus plexippus plexippus (Linnaeus) - Brown Powell 1959; Munroe 1959 et al. 1992 Mutuuraia inysippusalis (Walker) - Munroe 1959 Achyra rantalis (Guenée) - Munroe 1959 LIMACODIDAE Xanthosiege plana (Grote) - LACM Cryptophobetron oropeso Barnes - SDNHM; Uresiphita reversal/s (Guenée) - SDNHM LACM Loxostege albiceralis (Grote) - SDNHM; LACM Monoleuca occidentalis Barnes & McDunnough Loxostege allectalis (Grote) - LACM - SDNHM Loxostege egregialis Munroe - LACM Monoleuca cf. occidental/s Barnes & Loxostege st/ct/cal/s (Linnaeus) - SDNHM; McDunnough - SDNHM LACM Euclea cf. obliqua - SDNHM Loxostege cereralis (Zeller) - Munroe 1959; LACM CRAMBIDAE Pyrausta napaealis (Hulst) - SDNHM Noctueliopsis sp. I - LACM Pyrausta tatalis (Grote) - Patterson & Powell Eudonia cf. rectilinea (Zeller) - SDNHM 1959; Munroe 1959 Pet rophila sp. I (Cape Region) - SDNHM Pyrausta perrubralis (Packard) - Munroe 1959 Petrophila sp. 2 (Santa Inez) - SDNHM Pyrausta unfascial/s (Packard) - SDNHM Petrophila sp. 3 (Tecate) - SDNHM Pyrautsia semirubalis (Packard) - LACM Gyros powelli Munroe - SDNHM; Munroe Pyrausta tyralis (Guenée) - SDNHM; LACM 1959 Pyrausta laticlavia (Grote & Robinson) - Eremanthe chemsaki Munroe - SDNHM SDNHM; USNM Pogonogenys proximal/s (Fernald) - SDNHM Udea inquinatalis (Zeller) - LACM MimoschiniaruJofascialis(Stephens)- SDNHM; Lineodes integra (Zeller) - SDNHM; LACM LACM Choristostigma zephyralis (Barnes & Hellula rogatlis (Hulst) - SDNHM McDunnough) - Munroe 1959 Up/ga virescens (Hulst) - SDNHM; LACM Mecyna mustelinalis (Packard) - Patterson & Stegea sp. I - SDNHM Powell 1959; Munroe 1959 Abegesta reluctalis (Huist) - SDNHM Mimorisia cf. trimaculalis (Grote) - SDNHM Lipocosma albi basal/s Barnes & McDunnough - Epipagis disparilis (Dyar) - SDNHM SDNHM Nornophila neartica Munroe - Patterson & fat/va castanealis (Hulst) - LACM Powell 1959; Munroe 1959

107 Brown: Lepidoptera diversity on the Peninsula of Baja California, Mexico

Desmiasp. 1 -SDNHM GEOMETRIDAE Spoladea recurvalis (Fabricius) - SDNHM Protitanie sp. I - Rindge 1976 Spoladea sp. 1 - SDNHM Itame quadri/inearia (Packard) - SDNHM Antigastra catalaunalis (Duponchel) - LACM Itame guenearia (Packard) - SDNHM Diaphania hyalinata (Linnaeus) - SDNHM Itame graphidaria (Huist) - SDNHM Pa/pita cf. quadrastigmalis (Guenée) - SDNHM Itamesobriaria Barnes & McDunnough - Rindge Pa/pita cf. grad/ia/is (Hulst) - SDNHM 1969, 1973 Pa/pita sp. 1 - SDNHM liame spp. - Rindge 1976 Terastia meticu/osalis Guenëe - SDNHM E/piste metanemaria Hulst - Patterson & Powell Agathodes designalis monstra/is Guenée - 1959 SDNHM E/piste spp. - Rindge 1969 Diastictisfractura/is (Zeller) - SDNHM Semiothisa punciolineata (Packard) - Rindge Syngamiaflore/la (Stoll) - SDNHM; LACM 1969 Lygropia octona/is (Zeller) - SDNHM Semiothisa errata McDunnough - Rindge 1969 Conchy/odes ovu/a/is (Guenée) - SDNHM Semiothisa cf. sub/acteo/ata (Hulst) - Rindge Crambus hame//us/cyrpida/is - SDNHM 1969 Crambus cf. ca/iginose//a Clemens - SDNHM Scm iothisa pictipennata (Huist) - Rindge 1969 Euchromius ca/fornica/is (Packard) - SDNHM Semiothisa ca/iforniaria (Packard) - SDNHM Euchromius ocel/us (Haworth) - LACM Semiothisa colorata Grote - Wright 1923; Rindge 1969, 1973 PYRALIDAE Semiothisa cf. ocellinata (Guenée) - SDNHM Ep:paschia sp. I - SDNHM Semiothisa neptaria (Guenëe) - SDNHM Jocara traba/is (Grote) - SDNHM Semiothisa cf. minuta (Hulst) - SDNHM Ta//u/a JIeldi Barnes & McDunnough - SDNHM Semiothisapicco/oi Rindge - Rindge 1969, 1976 Gal/eria me/lone//a (Linnaeus) - LACM Semiothisa parcata (Grossbeck) - Rindge 1969 Chrysauginae sp. I - SDNHM Semiothisa sirenata McDunnough - Rindge Rhodophaea ca/igine//a (Huist) - SDNHM 1969, 1973 Ambesia walsinghami mirabe//a Dyar - SDNHM Semiothisa s-signata (Packard) - Wright 1923 Phobusfunere//us (Dyar) - Patterson & Powell Semiothisa cyda (Druce) - Rindge 1969, 1973a 1969 Scm ioihisa melanderi Sperry - Rindge 1969 Heterographis morrisonel/a Ragonot - Patterson Semiothisa hypaethrata (Grote) - Rindge 1969 & Powell 1969 Semiothisa haegerti Rindge - Rindge 1976 Narragafimetaria angelata (Wright) - SDN HM; THYATIRIDAE Wright 1923; Rindge 1973 Dysodia ocu/atana Clemens - SDNHM Hesperumiafumosaria Comstock - Rindge 1976 Meskia sp. 1 - SDNHM Stenoporpia pu/che/la coo/idgearia Dyar - Rindge 1976 PTEROPHORIDAE Tornos cf erect anus Grossbeck - SDNHM Platypti/ia sp. 1 - SDNHM G/aucina erroraria Dyar - Wright 1923; Rindge Paraparapti/afragilis (Walsingham) - LACM 1959 Oidaematophorus epi/eucus Walsingham - G/aucina biantata Rindge - Rindge 1959, 1973 LACM G/aucina epiphysaria Dyar - Rindge 1959 Oidaematophorus paranubi/is Gielis - LACM G/aucina eupetheciaria (Grote) - Rindge 1959

108 Folia Entomol. Mex. 43(l) (2004)

eupetheciaria osiana (Druce) - Rindge 1969 ixala klotsi Sperry - Rindge 1969 Glaucina magnzjIaa Grossbeck - Rindge 1959 Chioraspilates bicoloraria Packard - Rindge Glaucina semidura Rindge - Rindge 1976 1969 Glaucina ugartei Rindge - Rindge 1973 Syrrhodia decrepitaria (HUbner) - Rindge 1969 Glaucina lowensis (Cassino & Swett) - Rindge plero.cpoda kinoi Rindge - Rindge 1973a 1959, 1973 Slergamataea delicata dolliata Grossbeck - Glaucina anomala Rindge - Rindge 1959, 1969 Rindge 1968 Synglochis perumbraria Hulst - Rindge 1959, Peru meskaria (Packard) - Poole 1987 1969; LACM Peru radiosaria (Hulst) - Poole 1987 Eubarnesia ritaria (Grossbeck) - Wright 1923 Pero inviolata (Huist) - Rindge 1973 ru aria arida Rindge - Rindge 1969 Peru melissa (Druce) - Rindge 1969 Paraglaucina huistinoides (Grossbeck) - Rindge Peroflavisaria (Grossbeck) - SDNHM 1959 Thyrinteina arnobia tephra Rindge - Rindge Chesiadodes pa/lens Rindge - Rindge 1973b 1969; LACM Chesiadodes daedalea Rindge - Rindge 1969, arnobiaphala Rindge - SDNHM 1973b Aethaloida packardaria (Hulst) - SDNHM 1-lu/stina aridata Barnes & Benjamin - Rindge Hemimorina angulsa Rindge - Rindge 1976 1970 Parexcelsa ultraria Pearsall - SDNHM Hulstina grosshecki Rindge - Rindge 1970 Animomyia mona Dyar - Rindge 1974 Hulstina wrightiaria (Hulst) - Rindge 1970 Sphacelodes vulneraria (Hubner) - SDNHM Pterotaea crickmeri (Sperry) - Rindge 1970, Phi ltraea elegantaria (Edwards) - SDNHM 1973a Phi ltraea mexicana Buckett - Buckett 1971 Pterotaea crinigera Rindge - SDNHM Neoterpes edwardsata (Packard) - Patterson & Pterotaea lamiaria (Strecker) - Rindge 1970 Powell 1959 Pterotaea campesiraria McDunnough - Rindge Anacamptodes cerasla Rindge - Rindge 1969 1970 Anacamptodesfragilaria (Grossbeck) - Rindge Pterotaea glauca Rindge - Rindge 1970 1966 pterotaea salvatierrai Rindge - Rindge 1970, Acacampiodesjucubaria (Dyar) - LACM 1973a Nepytia lagunata Cassino & Swett - SDNHM Pterotaea spinigera Rindge - Rindge 1976 Sicya morsicania (Huist) - SDNHM Anacamplodesjacumbaria (Dyar) - Rindge 1966 Plataea calcaria (Pearsall) - Rindge 1976 Anacamptodes pseudoherse Rindge - Rindge P/at aea calforniaria Herrich-Schäffer - 1966 SDNHM A nacamptodes sanctissima (Barnes & Plataea diva Huist - Rindge 1976 McDunnough) - Rindge 1966 Plataea personaria (Edwards) - Rindge 1976 Anavitrinelia sp. I - Rindge 1969 Plataea ursania Cassino & Swett - Patterson & Thallophaga sp. I - Rindge 1986 Powell 1959; Rindge 1976 Cochisea sinuaria Branes & McDunnough - Somalolopha desolata Rindge - Rindge 1980 SDNHM Soinaiolophasimplicia(Barnes & McDunnough) Sericosemajuturnaria (Guenëe) - SDNHM -Rindge 1980 Drepanulatrix hulstii (Dyar) - Patterson & Phernesubpunctata (Hulst) - Patterson & Powell Powell 1959 1959 Drepanulatrixfoeminaria (Guenee) - LACM Synaxis cf.fuscata Hulst - SDNHM

109 Brown: Lepidop (era diversity on the Peninsula of Baja California, Mexico

Synaxis cf. hirsutaria (Barnes & McDunnough) - Lemaire 1988 SDNHM Coloradiapandora Blake - LACM Dichordaria illustraria (Huist) - LACM Coloradia doris Barnes - LACM Nemoria unitaria (Packard) - SDNHM Hemileuca peninsularis Lemaire - Lemaire Synch/orafrondaria Guenée - SDNHM 1893; SDNHM; LACM; UCB Chlorochiamys sp. I - Wright 1923 Hemileuca electra electra Wright - Tuskes & Chlorochlamys appellaria Pearsall - Patterson & McElfresh 1995 Powell 1959 electra rubra Tuskes & McElfresh Idea basinta (Schaus) - SDNHM 1995 Idea gemmata (Packard) - SDNHM Hemileuca sororia (Boiduval) - Rindge 1966; Idea sp. I - Wright 1923 Beutelspacher 1988 Pigia multilineata Huist - SDNHM Saturnia walterorum Hogue & Johnson - Wolfe Cyclophora nanaria (Walker). - Wright 1923; & Valverde 1986 Patterson & Powell 1959 Saturnia albofasciata (Johnson) - Wells 1991 Scopula cf. limboundata (Haworth) - SDNHM Agapema galbina pelora (Rindge) - Rindge Hydriomena nubilofasciata (Packard) - SDNHM 1966; Lemaire 1978 Hydriomena sp. I - SDNHM Rothschildia cincta cincta (Tepper) - Lemaire Archirhoe neomexicana (Hulst) - SDNHM; 1978 LACM Eupackardia cal/eta (Westwood) - Rindge 1966 Perizoma cf. epicata Barnes & McDunnough - Hyalophora euryalus euryalus (Boisduval) - SDNHM Lemaire 1978; Smith & Wells 1993 Perizoma custodiana (Guenée) - Wright 1923 Hyalophora euryalus cedrosensis Cockerell - Stamnodes albiapicata Grossbeck - SDNHM Smith & Wells 1993 Stamnoctenis sim i/is (Wright) - SDNHM Zenophieps lignico/orata (Packard) - SDNHM SPH1NCIDAE Eubaphe unico/or (Robinson) - SDNHM; LACM Agrius cingulatus (Fabricius) - Brown & Eupithecia appendiculata McDunnough - Donahue 1989 Patterson & Powell 1959 Manduca sexta (Linnaeus) - Brown & Donahue Eupitheciapalmata C. &. S. - LACM 1989 Eupithecia segregata Pearson - LACM Manduca quinquemacu/ata - Brown & Donahue Lithostege angelicata Dyar - Patterson & Powell 1989 1959 Manduca rustica rustica (Fabricius) - Brown & Nasusina inferior (Hulst) - Patterson & Powell Donahue 1989 1959 Manduca rustica cortesi (Cary) - Brown & Prorella ochrocarneata McDunnough - SDNHM Donahue 1989 Prophasiane sp. I - Rindge 1969 Sphinx xantus Cary - Brown & Donahue 1989 Sphinx chersis HUbner - Brown & Donahue 1989 LASIOCAMPJDAE Sphinx libocedrus Edwards - Brown & Donahue Tolype glenwoodii Barnes - SDNHM 1989 G/overia gargamelle (Strecker) - SDNHM Sphinx pere/egans Edwards - Brown & Donahue 1989 SATURNIIDAE Sphinx sequoiae engelhardli Clark - Brown & Syssphir digueti (Bouvier) - Rindge 1966; Donahue 1989

110 Folia Entomol. Mex., 43(1) (2004)

Smerinihus cerisyi Kirby - Brown & Donahue Litodonta wymola (Barnes) - SDNHM 1989 Ursia noctuformis Barnes & McDunnough - Pachysphinx occidentalis occidentalis (Edwards) SDNHM - Brown & Donahue 1989 pachysphinx occidenta/is peninsularis Cary - DOIDAE Brown & Donahue 1989 Doa dora Neumoegen & Dyar - Brown 1990; Erinnyis ello (Linnaeus) - Brown & Donahue SDNHM; LACM 1989 Leuculodes lacteolaria (Huist) - LACM Erinnyis crameri (Schaus) - Brown & Donahue 1989 ARCTIIDAE Erinnyis obscura (Fabricius) - Brown & Dysschema howardi (Edwards) - LACM; Donahue 1989 SDNHM; Donahue (unpubi.) Pachylia syces (Hubner) - Brown & Donahue Crambidia lit hosioides Dyar - SDNHM; 1989 Donahue (unpubi.) callionimafalcfera guaycura (Cary) - Brown Crambidiâ dusca Barnes & McDunnough - & Donahue 1989 SDNHM Aellopos clavipes (Rothschild & Jordan) - Brown Crambidia sp. I - Donahue (unpubl.) & Donahue 1989 Cisthene liberomacula (Dyar) - Donahue Hemaris dfJInis (Boisduval) - Brown & Donahue (unpubi.) 1989 Cisthene perrosea (Dyar) - SDNHM; Donahue Eumorpha satellitia (Linnaeus) - Brown & (unpubi.) Donahue 1989 Cisthene angelus (Dyar) - Donahue (unpubi.) Eumorpha achemon (Drury) - Brown & Donahue Cisthene sp. I - SDNHM; Donahue (unpubi.) 1989 Cisthene sp. 2 - Donahue (unpubl.) Eumorpha vitis (Linnaeus) - Brown & Donahue Cisthene sp. 3 - Donahue (unpubi.) 1989 Lycomorpha regulus (Grinnell) - Donahue Eumorphafasciata (Sulzer) - Brown & Donahue (unpub I.) 1989 Bruceia hubbardi (Dyar) - SDNHM; Donahue Euproserpinus phaeton (Grote & Robinson) - (unpubi.) Brown & Donahue 1989 Utethesia sp. I - SDNHM, Donahue (unpubi.) Xylophanes tersa (Linnaeus) - Brown & Leptarctia calforniae (Walker) - SDNHM Donahue 1989 Etigmene acrea (Drury) - SDNHM; Donahue Xylophanes pluto (Fabricius) - Brown & (unpubi.) Donahue 1989 Spilosoma vestalis Packard - Donahue (unpubi.) Hyles lineata (Fabricius) - Brown & Donahue Ecpantheria oslari Roths - Donahue (unpubl.) 1989 Arachnis picta Packard - SDNHM; Donahue (unpubl.) NOT000NTIDAE Apantesis hewletti Barnes & McDunnough - Clostera apicalis (Walker) - SDNHM LACM; Donahue (unpubl.) Dalana sp. I - SDNHM Apantesis proxima (Guerin-Menetries) - Furcula cinerea (Walker) - SDNHM SDNHM; Donahue (unpubi.) Furcula scolopendrina (Boisduval) - SDNHM Hypocrisias minima (Neumoegen) - Donahue Cargida pyrrha (Druce) - SDNHM (unpubi.) Brown: Lepidoptera diversity on the Peninsula of Baja California, Mexico

Lop hocampa sp. I - SDNHM SDNHM Amelia ambigua (Strecker) - LACM Euanoiia clarki Barnes & McDunnough - Pseudohemihyalea edwardsi (Packard) - SDNHM Donahue (unpubi.) Melipoti.s perpendicularis (Guenée) - SDNHM; Pareuchaetes insulata (Walker) - SDNHM; LAC M Donahue (unpubl.) Melipotis indomita (Walker) - SDNHM Euchaetes antica (Walker) - SDNHM; Donahue Melipotis cellaris (Guenée) - LACM (unpubi.) Melipoti.sfamelica (Guenée) - SDNHM; LACM Euchaetes castalla (Barnes & McDunnough) - Melipoiisjucunda Hubner - SDNHM; LACM Donahue (unpubl.) Melipotis agrotoides (Walker) - SDNHM Euchaetes fusca (Rothschild) - Donahue Melipotis novanda (Guenëe) - SDNHM; LACM (unpubl.) Melipotis acontioides (Guenée) - SDNHM; Euchaetesperlevis Grote - Donahue (unpubl.) LACM Euchaetes zella (Dyar) - SDNHM; Donahue Panula inconslans (Guenée) - SDNHM (unpubi.) Forbesiaperlaeta (Edwards) - SDNHM Ectypia clio (Packard) - Donahue (unpubl.) Bulia deducta (Morrison) - Pogue & Laughlin Pygarctia murina (Stretch) - Donahue (unpubi.) 2002 Stenucha dolens (Druce) - SDNHM; Donahue Bulia similaris Richards - Pogue & Laughlin (unpubi.) 2002 Ctenucha brunnea Stretch - SDNHM Synedoida scrupulosa Edwards - Patterson & Eucereon myrina Druce - SDNHM; Donahue Powell 1959 (uhpubl.) Synedoida edwardsi (Behr) - SDNHM Syntomeida hampsonii Barnes - Donahue Synedoida pallescens (Grote & Robinson) - (unpubi.) SDNHM; LACM Syntomeida melanthus (Cramer) - Donahue Synedoida fumosa brunnefasciata (Barnes & (unpubl.) McDunnough) - LACM Horama panthalon texana (Grote) - SDNHM; Synedoida divergens (Behr) - LACM Donahue (unpubl.) Synedoida pulchra (Barnes & McDunnough) - SDNHM NOCTUIDAE Synedoida tejonica (Behr) - SDNHM; LACM Macristis bilinealis (Barnes & McDunnough) - Hypocala andremona (Cramer) - SDNHM; SDNHM LACM Dasyblemma straminea Dyar - SDNHM Ascalapha odorata (Linnaeus) - SDNHM; Phobolosia anfracta (Edwards) - SDNHM LACM Hemeroplanis habitalis (Walker) - SDNHM Lesmone griseipennis (Grote) - LACM HemeroplanisJmnitima (Smith) - SDNHM Helia agna (Druce) - SDNHM Hemeroplanis incusalis (Grote) - SDNHM Selenisa sp. I - LACM sHypsoropha baja McCabe - SDNHM; McCabe Heteranassa mima (Harvey) - SDNHM; LACM 1992 Heteranassafraterna (Smith) - SDN HM; LACM Litoprosopus bajaensis Brown & Faulkner - Meiria amella (Guenëe) - LACM Brown & Faulkner 1997; SDNHM Toxonprucha volucris (Grote) - SDNHM Diphiherafestiva (Fabricius) - SDNHM; LACM Toxonprucha crudelis (Grote) - SDNHM Euanotia semirufa Barnes & McDunnough - Toxonprucha clientis (Grote) - SDNHM; LACM

112 Folia Entomol. Mex., 43(1) (2004)

Zaleops umbrina (Grote) - LACM Xerociris wi/sonii (Grote) - LACM Matigramma rubrosuffusa Grote - SDNHM Euscirrhopterus cosyra (Druce) - LACM Focillidia texana Hampson - SDNHM Euscirrhopterus poeyi Grote - LACM Caenurgia togat aria (Walker) - SDNHM Alypiodes geronimo (Barnes) - LACM Mocis marcida (Guenée) - SDNHM Alypia ridingsii Grote - SDNHM Catocala arizonae (Grote) - LACM Oligia marina (Grite) - LACM Trichoplusia ni (HUbner) - SDNHM; LACM Xylomoia sp. I - SDNHM Auiographa biloba (Stephens) - SDNHM; Aseptis catalina (Smith) - SDNHM; LACM LACM Aseplis perfumosa (Hampson) - SDNHM; Autographa calfornica (Speyer) - SDNHM Patterson & Powell 1959 Abrostola parvula Branes & McD. - Lafontaine Aseptis ethnica (Smith) - SDNHM & Poole 1991 Aseptis monica (Barnes & McDunnough) - Paectes declinata (Grote) - SDNHM SDNHM Euteliafurcata (Walker) - SDNHM Andropolia aedon (Grote) - SDNHM. Characoma nilotica (Rogenhofer) - SDNHM Properigeaperolivalis (Barnes & McDunnough) Tripudia balteata Smith - SDNHM -SDNHM Tripudiaflavofasciata Grote - SDNHM Pseudana,1a crocea (Edwards) - SDNHM Tripudia limbata (Edwards) - SDNHM Magusa orbfera (Walker) - SDNHM Cobubatha orthozona (Hampson) - SDNHM Protoperigea anotha (Dyar) - SDNHM Cobubatha dividua (Grote) - SDNHM Micrathetis costiplaga (Smith) - SDNHM .- Cobubatha albiciliata (Smith) - SDNHM Spodoptera exigua (HQbner) - SDNHM Ozarba aeria (Grote) - SDNHM Spodoptera ornithogalii (Guenée) - SDNHM Aleptina inca Dyar - SDNHM Spodoptera latfascia (Walker),- SDNHM Met aponpneumala rogenhoferi Moeschler - Spodoptera eridania (Cramer) - SDNHM Cordero et al. 2000 plagiomimicus bajae Hogue - Hogue 1963 Tarachidia semflava (Guenée) - SDNHM Polenta tepperi (Morrison) - SDNHM Tarachidia venustula (Walker) - SDNHM Hoplolythra discistriga (Smith) - SDNHM; Tarachidia candefacta (Hubner) - SDNHM LACM Tarachidia cuta (Smith) - SDNHM Chalcopasta koebe/ei (Riley) - SDNHM Fruva hutsoni (Smith) - SDNHM Siria dyari Hill - SDNHM Conochares acutus Smith - SDNHM Os/aria viridfera (Grote) - SDNHM Conochares arizonae (Edwards) - SDNHM Noc/oa rivulosa Smith - SDNHM Ponometia megocula (Smith) - SDNHM Noc/oa pal/ens (Tepper) - SDNHM Acontia bella (Barnes & Benjamin) - SDNHM Cosmia calami (Harvey) - SDNHM Acontia lucasi Smith - SDNHM Ptothrinax /uteomedia (Smith) - SDNHM Acontia expolita (Grote) - SDNHM Walterel/a ocel/ata (Barnes & McDunnough) - Acontia arida Smith - SDNHM SDNHM Acontia major Smith - SDNHM Escaria clauda pa/lens Branes & Benjamin - Acontia disconnecta Smith - SDNHM SDNHM; Barnes & Benjamin 1923 Acontia are/i Strecker - SDNHM Podagra crassipes Smith - SDNHM Aconia cretata (Grote & Robinson) - SDNHM Axenus arvalis Grote - SDNHM Bagisara buxea (Grote) - SDNHM Oxycnemisfusimacu/a Smith - SDN H M Cryphia viridata (Harvey) - SDNHM; LACM Oncocnemis occata (Grote) - SDNHM; LACM

113 Brown: Lepidoptera diversity on the Peninsula of Baja California, Mexico

Oncocnemis primula Barnes & Benjamin - LACM SDNHM Copablepharon album (Harey) - SDNHM Oncocnemis bakeri Dyar - SDNHM Copableharon sanctamonicae Dyar - LACM Oncocnemis ragani Barnes - SDNHM Euxoa sepentrionalis (Walker) - SDNHM Oncocnemis singularis Barnes & McDunnough - Euxoa olivia (Morrison) - SDNHM LACM Euxoa serricornis (Smith) - SDNHM Lepipolysperscrzpta Guenée - SDNHM Euxoa leuschneri Lafontaine - LACM Stylopoda cephalica Smith - SDNHM Euxoa albipennis (Grote) - LACM Triocnemis saporis Grote - SDNHM; LACM Euxoa dodi McDunnough - SDNHM Crimonapallimedia Smith - LACM Hemieuxoa rudens (Harvey) - SDNHM Copicullia eulepis (Grote) - SDNHM Euxoa sp. I (infausta group) - LACM Copicullia heinrichi Barnes & Benjamin - Euxoa sp. 2- SDNHM SDNHM Peridroma saucia (Htlbner) - SDNHM; LACM Trichocosmia inornata Grote - SDNHM Emarginea percara (Morrison) - LACM Trichocosmia drasteroides (Smith) - SDNHM Spaelotis havilae (Grote) - Patterson & Powell Discestra chart aria (Grote) - SDNHM 1959; SDNHM Scotogramma ptilodonta (Grote) - SDNHM Heliothodes diminutivus (Grote) - SDNHM Scotogramma megaera Smith - SDNHM Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) - SDNHM Scotogramma gatei (Smith) - SDNHM Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) - SDNHM Tridepia nova (Smith) - SDNHM Heliothis toralis (Grote) - SDNHM Trichoclea decepta Grote - SDNHM Schinia sueta (Grote) - SDNHM; LACM Mamestra nipana (Smith) - SDNHM Schinia tertia megarena Smith - LACM Melanchra adjuncta (Guenée) - SDNHM Schinia scarletina (Smith) - Patterson & Powell Melanchra sp. 1 - SDNHM 1959 Lacinipolia davena (Smith) - SDNHM Schiniapulchripennis (Grote) - SDNHM Lacinipolia vicina (Grote) - LACM Schinia cupes (Grote) - SDNHM; LACM Lacinipolia strigicollis (Wallgren) - SDNHM Schinia lucens (Morrison) - Patterson & Powell Trichocerapoda comstocki Benjamin - SDNHM 1959 Tirchocerapoda oblita (Grote) - SDNHM Schinia separata (Grote) - SDNHM; LACM Ulolonche disticha (Morrison) - SDNHM Schinia oculata Smith - SDNHM Agrotis vetusta Walker - SDNHM Schinia luxa (Grote) - SDNHM Agrotis volubilis Harvey - SDNHM Heliolonche pictipennis (Grote) - SDNHM; Agrotis ipsilon (Huffiagel) - SDNHM LACM Copablepharon contrastum McDunnough - Grotella cf. tricolor Barnes - SDNHM

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