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Lepidoptera of the Pacific Northwest: Caterpillars and Adults

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Lepidoptera of the Pacific Northwest: Caterpillars and Adults Forest Health Technology Identification Enterprise Team of Caterpillars and Adults TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Forest FHTET-03-11 U.S. Department FHTET of Agriculture Service December 2003 he Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team (FHTET) was created in 1995 Tby the Deputy Chief for State and Private Forestry, USDA, Forest Service, to develop and deliver technologies to protect and improve the health of American forests. This book was published by FHTET as part of the technology transfer series. http://www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/technology/ For Reprints, contact: Richard C. Reardon USDA Forest Service 180 Canfield Street Morgantown, WV 26505 (304) 285-1563 [email protected] Cover Photo Top left to bottom right: EPARGYREUS CLARUS, PAPILIO BAIRDII, LIMENITIS LORQUINI, GRAMMIA ORNATA, PHYLLODESMA AMERICANA, PAPILIO RUTULUS, PHYLLODESMA AMERICANA, ITAME COLATA, ATLIDES HALESUS, CHLOROSEA BANKSARIA, LOPHOCAMPA MACULATA, CISSEPS FULVICOLLIS, SYNAXIS FORMOSA, SPILOSOMA VIRGINICA, PAPILIO INDRA, CELASTRINA ARGIOLUS. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call 202-720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for information only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Federal Recycling Program Printed on recycled paper. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST: CATERPILLARS AND ADULTS Jeffrey C. Miller Department of Rangeland Resources Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon 97330-2218 Paul C. Hammond Department of Zoology Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon 97330-2907 FHTET-03-11 December 2003 i DEDICATION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS DEDICATED TO DOUG FERGUSON The following individuals provided their expertise in identifying adults reared from the field- collected caterpillars: Paul Hammond, Doug Ferguson, Jerry Powell, Don LaFontaine, Jim his book about Lepidoptera of Pacific Troubridge, Paul Opler, Jon Shepard, and Lars Crabo. The following people helped collect Northwest caterpillars and their adults is T and rear caterpillars: Paul Hanson, Jean Miller, Mike LaMana, Carolyn ver Linden, Dana Ross, dedicated to the late Doug Ferguson. Doug Norm Anderson, Jack Lattin, Maret Pajute, Gary Parsons, Emma Rossi, Pete Oboyski, and played a very important role in the conduct Rich Bowden. Dave McCorkle provided the photographs of caterpillars of Parnassius clodius, of our studies. He offered his expertise in Parnassius smintheus, Phyciodes pulchellus, and Atlides halesus. Rick Westcott took the photograph taxonomy, which was critical to the of the caterpillar of Catocala ilia. All other photographs were taken by the senior author, JCM. identification of many of our geometrid Chuck Benedict, INTECS International/USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Technology species, and encouraged us to keep up the Enterprise Team, deserves special thanks for shepherding the manuscript through to final sometimes arduous task of field collecting and draft and layout. Jean Miller spent many hours helping collect, rear, curate, and organize data rearing caterpillars from various foodplants. during the preparation of this manuscript. We will miss him. The Oregon Department of Agriculture, Plant Division, kindly provided specimens for photography, in particular we would like to thank Jim LaBonte, Kathleen Johnson, and Dan Hilburn. The Department of Botany and Plant Pathology at Oregon State University, specifically Scott Sundberg and Thea Cook, assisted us by loaning us parts to a digital scanner. Also, this booklet would not have been produced without the encouragement and support of Richard “Dick” Reardon and the USDA Forest Service, National Center of Forest Health Management, Morgantown, West Virginia. This is the sixth book in a series on the Lepidoptera of forests and woodlands. Dick has been the driving force and producer for the entire series. Those in the series written by senior author Dave Wagner covered the species of the northeastern United States, while those written by senior author Jeff Miller covered species of the Pacific Northwest. We are very grateful for the opportunity to produce this book, and extend our sincere thanks to Dick for his support. Partial funding was provided by NSF LTER grants in support of the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest: DEB 80-12122, and DEB 96-32921; the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Willamette Institute for Biological Control, the USGS; and the Oregon State University College of Agricultural Sciences. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST ii ABOUT THIS BOOK The subjects and their accompanying photographs of Lepidoptera are organized alphabetically by family and then by genus within the categories of butterflies, skippers, and moths. While many of the species illustrated here are common, only a small percentage of the species in the Northwest are represented. If the identity of a macromoth from the western United States cannot be determined by matching a specimen with a description or photo in this book then look in Miller and Hammond 2000 or Covell 1984. Covell 1984 provides an extensive assortment of photographs for species that occur in the eastern United States so the probability of a match to a western species is limited to those species that are widespread across the North American continent. Also, serious students of moths should look in the references following the discussion of all families in the section on macromoths. For each of the 239 species presented we provide a narrative that includes three sections: Caterpillar, Adult, and Ecology. The caterpillar and adult sections are descriptive for general identification purposes. The ecology section presents information on abundance, foodplants, seasonality, flight, and biogeography. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST iii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 1 CHAPTER 2: LIFECYCLE OF LEPIDOPTERA .................................................. 11 Adult ...................................................................................................... 11 Egg ....................................................................................................... 12 Caterpillar .............................................................................................. 12 Pupa ....................................................................................................... 13 CHAPTER 3: MORPHOLOGY OF LEPIDOPTERA ............................................ 17 Caterpillar .............................................................................................. 17 Adult ...................................................................................................... 21 CHAPTER 4: HANDLING LEPIDOPTERA .......................................................... 23 Collecting ............................................................................................... 23 Rearing .................................................................................................. 24 Preserving ............................................................................................. 24 Photographing ....................................................................................... 25 CHAPTER 5: PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE SPECIES ............................................. 27 Skippers ....................................................................................................... 28 Hesperiidae ................................................................................... 28 Butterflies .................................................................................................... 31 Lycaenidae .................................................................................... 31 Nymphalidae .................................................................................. 44 Papilionidae .................................................................................... 58 Pieridae .......................................................................................... 66 Satyridae ....................................................................................... 69 Macromoths ................................................................................................. 70 Arctiidae ........................................................................................ 70 Dioptidae ........................................................................................ 86 Drepanidae .................................................................................... 87 Geometridae .................................................................................. 88 Lasiocampidae ............................................................................ 165 Lymantriidae ...............................................................................
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