Initial Environmental Examination
August 2012
MFF 0021-PAK: Power Distribution Enhancement Investment Program – Proposed Tranche 3
Prepared by the Lahore Electric Supply Company for the Asian Development Bank.
Draft Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) Report
Project Number: L13toL23 {August -2012}
Islamic Republic of Pakistan: Power Distribution Enhancement Investment Program (Multi-Tranche Financing Facility)
Tranche-III: Transformer’s Augmentation & Extension Sub-Projects
Prepared by:
Lahore Electric Supply Company (LESCO) Government of Pakistan
The Initial Environmental Evaluation Report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB‟s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.
i TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Overview 1 1.2 Requirements for Environmental Assessment 1 1.3 Scope of the IEE Study and Personnel 5 1.4 Policy and Statutory Requirements in Pakistan 6 1.5 National Environmental Quality Standards 6 1.6 Structure of Report 6
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 7 2.1 Type of Project 7 2.2 Categorization of the Project 7 2.3 Need for the Project 8 2.4 Location and Scale of Project 8 2.5 LESCO Subprojects 9 2.6 Decommissioning and Disposal of Materials 12
3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 13 3.1 Sub-Project Areas 13 3.2 Physical Resources 13 3.2.1 Topography, Geography, Geology, and Soils 13 3.2.2 Climate and Hydrology 13 3.2.3 Groundwater and Water Supply Resources 13 3.2.4 Surface Water Resources 14 3.2.5 Air Quality 14 3.2.6 Noise and Vibration 15 3.3 Ecological Resources 16 3.3.1 Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquatic Biology 16 3.3.2 Vegetation Cover and Trees 16 3.3.3 Protected and Religious Trees 16 3.3.4 Protected Areas/National Sanctuaries 16 3.4 Economic Development 17 3.4.1 Agriculture, Industries, and Tourism 17 3.4.2 Transportation 17 3.4.3 Energy Sources 18 3.5 Social and Cultural Resources 18 3.5.1 Population Communities and Employment 18 3.6 Education and Literacy 19 3.7 Health Facilities 20
ii 3.7.1 Cultural Heritage and Community Structure 20
4. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 21 4.1 Project Location Impact Assessment and Mitigation 21 4.2 General Approach to Mitigation 21 4.3 Prevention of Ground Contamination 22 4.4 Cultural Heritage, Temples, Religious Sites, Social Infrastructure 22 4.5 Potential Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures in Construction Stage 23 4.5.1 Encroachment, Landscape and Physical Disfiguration 23 4.5.2 Cut and Fill and Waste Disposal 23 4.5.3 Trees, Ecology and Protected Areas 23 4.5.4 Hydrology, Sedimentation, Soil Erosion 24 4.5.5 Air Pollution from Rock Crushing, Cut, Fill, & Asphalt 24 4.5.6 Noise, Vibration and Blasting 25 4.5.7 Sanitation, Solid Waste Disposal, Communicable Diseases 26 4.6 Potential Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures in Operational Stage 27 4.6.1 Air Pollution and Noise from the Enhanced Operations 27 4.6.2 Pollution from Oily Run-off, Fuel Spills and Dangerous Goods 27 4.7 Enhancement 28
5. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS & ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 29
6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 52 6.1 Grievance Redress Mechanism 52 6.2 Redress Committee, Focal Points, Complaints Reporting, Recording and Monitoring 53
7. FINDINGS RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS 55 7.1 Findings and Recommendations 55 7.2 Conclusion 55
Figures and Maps
Figure 1.1 Pakistan EIA Approval Process Figure 1.2 Letter from Pakistan Federal EPA on EIA Process Figure 2.1 Jurisdiction of LESCO Figure 2.2 Distribution Substations with Extension/Augmentation Sub-projects Figure 5.1 LESCO‟S Organizational Set-up for EMP Planning, Implementation and Monitoring Figure 6.1 Grievance Redress Mechanism
iii Annexes
Annex-I Locations/Layout Maps of Augmentation & Extension Sub-project Annex-II Photographs of the DGS Annex-III Section of the Typical Bunds for Transformers
iv ABBREVIATIONS
ADB Asian Development Bank DGS Distribution Grid Substation DISCO Distribution Companies DSC Design and Supervision Consultant EA Executing Agency EARF Environment Assessment Review Framework ECR Environmental Complaints Register EIA Environment Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EPA Environmental Protection Agency ESC Environmental & Social Cells ESIC Environmental and Social Impact Cell FEA Framework of Environment Assessment FEPA Federal Environmental Protection Agency GRC Grievance Redress Committee GFPs Grievance Focal Points GoP Government of Pakistan GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism GSC Grid System Construction GSO Grid System Operation IA Implementation Agency IEE Initial Environment Examination ITC Increase transformer capacity km Kilometer Kv Kilo Volts LARP Land Acquisition & Resettlement Plan LAR Land Acquisition & Resettlement LESCO Lahore Electricity Supply Company MVA Mega Volt Ampere MW Mega Watt MFF Multi-Tranche Finance Facility NEQS National Environmental Quality Standards NGO Non-Governmental Organization NTDC National Transmission and Despatch Company Pak-EPA Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency PA Systems Public Announcement System PC Planning Commission PFR Project Financing Requests PDE Power Distribution Enhancement PDEMFF Power Distribution and Enhancement Multi-tranche Finance Facility PEPCO Pakistan Electric Power Company Private Limited PEPA Pakistan Environmental Protection Act PMU Project Management Unit PIU Project Implementation Unit PIC Project Implementation Consultants REA Rapid Environmental Assessment RP Resettlement Plan ROW Right of Way S-P Sub-Project SR Sensitive Receivers SPS Safeguard Policy Statement SF6 Sulphur hexafluoride SIEE Summary Initial Environmental Examination
v TSP Total Suspended particles TSG Technical Services Group TOR Terms of Reference WHO World Health Organization
vi IEE of Power Transformer’s Augmentation & Extension Subprojects LESCO
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview
1. This document is the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) for the Tranche - III extension and augmentation sub-projects of Lahore Electricity Supply Company (LESCO). This IEE was prepared under Tranche-III of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) loan for Power Distribution and Enhancement Multi-tranche Finance Facility (PDEMFF). 2. Government of the Islamic Republic Pakistan (GoP) has requested ADB to provide the PDEMFF to facilitate investments in power distribution and development of networks of eight independent distribution companies (DISCOs) that distribute power to end user consumers. The funding from ADB is expected to be released in stages (tranches). The Power Distribution Enhancement (PDE) Investment Program is part of the GoP long term energy security strategy. The proposed ADB intervention will finance new investments in PDE and assist capacity building of sector related agencies. The investment program will cover necessary PDE development activities in secondary transmission/distribution networks of eight DISCOs. The PDEMFF activities include extension (additional transformers) and augmentation (replacement of transformers with higher capacity) distribution line extensions, new and replacement distribution lines, additional sub- stations, transformer protection and other non-network activities such as automatic meter reading, construction equipment and computerized accounting. New distribution lines to and from various network facilities and some of the above activities will also be included in the later tranches. 3. This IEE presents the results and conclusions of environmental assessment for fourteen subprojects of Augmentations and five Extensions proposed by LESCO and submitted by Pakistan Electric Power Company (PEPCO) on behalf of LESCO. PEPCO has been nominated by Ministry of Water and Power to act as the Executing Agency (EA) with each DISCO being the Implementing Agency (IA) for work in its own area. PEPCO‟s role in the processing and implementation of the investment program is that of a co-ordinator of such activities as preparation of PC-1s and PFRs, monitoring implementation activities; that includes submission of environmental assessments for all sub-projects in all tranches of the PDEMFF under ADB operating procedures. An IEE has been carried out to fulfil the requirements of ADB Guidelines. This IEE study report is used to complete the Summary Initial Environmental Examination (SIEE) for disclosure by ADB if necessary. 1.2 Requirements for Environmental Assessment
4. Under the MFF loan procedures of ADB, implementation of safeguards is to be achieved by environmental assessment of every sub-project to be undertaken following ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009. Power distribution enhancement and development type projects, that are limited to expansion of already developed facilities, have typically been classified as Category B. Each sub-project as been subject to
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IEE of Power Transformer’s Augmentation & Extension Subprojects LESCO environmental assessment after categorisation and the focus was on the most significant issues. 5. Under GoP regulations, the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Pak-EPA) Review of Initial Environmental Examination and Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations (2000) categorizes development projects into two schedules according to their potential environmental impact. The proponents of projects that have reasonably foreseeable impacts are required to submit an IEE for their respective projects (Schedule I). Projects that have more adverse environmental impact (Schedule II) are required to submit an environmental impact assessment (EIA) to the respective provincial Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Distribution lines and sub-stations are included under energy projects and IEE is required for Transmission lines less than 11Kv, and large distribution projects (Schedule I). EIA is required by GoP for all projects involving Transmission Lines (11Kv and above) and grid stations (Schedule II). Refer to the Figure 1.1 Pakistan EIA Approval Process.
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IEE of Power Transformer’s Augmentation & Extension Subprojects LESCO
Figure 1.1 Pakistan EIA Approval Process
6. Expansion of facilities within existing sub-stations including extensions and augmentations of facilities within existing sub-stations are not listed as requiring environmental assessment. However because all the projects involve distribution equipment of 11kv and above at grid sub-stations there could be a technical requirement for EIA under GoP laws. 7. In that context a Framework of Environmental Assessment (FEA) on power extensions and augmentation sub-projects has been prepared by consultants and submitted to the Pakistan EPA, after hearings with provincial EPAs, which sought to “exempt”
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IEE of Power Transformer’s Augmentation & Extension Subprojects LESCO preparation of EIA/IEE for such small-scaled sub-projects such as those covered by this IEE. Refer to the Figure 1.2 Letter from Pakistan Federal EPA on EIA Process.
Figure 1.2 Letter from Pakistan Federal EPA on EIA Process
8. In response to the FEA submitted by NTDC to the Pakistan EPA it has been clarified that all proponents must follow section 12 of the PEPA, 1997 for all projects and furthermore that, only for augmentation projects by following the FEA, the required procedures under section 12 would be completed. Pakistan EPA has also assumed that all proponents will consult with the relevant provincial EPAs and follow their advice. In 2006 Punjab EPA requested disclosure of the scope and extent of each subproject in order that
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IEE of Power Transformer’s Augmentation & Extension Subprojects LESCO the Director General of Pak-EPA can determine if additional land is required and the need for IEE or EIA. 1.3 Scope of the IEE Study and Personnel 9. This IEE study has included field reconnaissance for all 12 of the sub-projects with surveys taking place from August 2008. The Study Area for each subproject was the sub- station and immediate environs. The areas inside the sub-stations for improvement works were identified and the Sensitive Receivers (SRs) immediately adjacent to the sub-stations were recorded, including any irrigation facilities, water supply, habitable structures, schools, health facilities, hospitals, religious places and sites of heritage or archaeological importance and critical areas within about 50m of the edge of the sub-station boundary walls. 10. The field studies were undertaken by a core study team with experience of environmental assessment for power projects including Mr Muhammad Usman, Mr. Habib-ur-Rehman, Mr Tahir, Miss. Syeda Ifraw Naveed and Miss. Bushra Azam conducted preliminary scoping, surveys and assessment activities and co-ordinated the field surveys and analysis. Mr. Muhammad Usman was responsible to supervise collation of information and co-ordinate the various public consultation activities. The environmental team also benefited from technical support and other important information on the impacts of the proposed power works provided in feasibility reports prepared for LESCO, by consultant experts dealing with engineering, power transmission, socio- economic, re-settlement and institutional aspects. 11. The study process began with scoping and field reconnaissance during which Rapid Environmental Assessments (REA) were carried out to establish the potential impacts and categorization of network enhancement activities. The environmental impacts and concerns requiring further study in the environmental assessment were then identified. The methodology of the IEE study was then elaborated in order to address all interests. Subsequently secondary baseline environmental data was collected and the intensity and likely location of impacts were identified with relation to the SRs; based on the work expected to be carried out at each site. The significance of impacts from the power extension and augmentation works was assessed and, for those impacts requiring mitigation, measures were proposed to reduce impacts to within acceptable limits. 12. All the extension and augmentation projects covered in this IEE will only involve work within an existing sub-station to either, (i) replace an existing transformer with one of a higher capacity (ITC or augmentation) or (ii) add a transformer (extension). Therefore in these projects that involve work within an existing sub-station to improve the network performance the sole stakeholder is LESCO. Therefore the requirement for public consultation can be seen to be satisfied by consultation with LESCO who are clearly in support of their own project. Therefore under ADB requirements, the need for environmental assessment process to include meaningful public consultation during the completion of the draft IEE can be seen to be satisfied by the support of LESCO for their own projects.
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IEE of Power Transformer’s Augmentation & Extension Subprojects LESCO
1.4 Policy and Statutory Requirements in Pakistan 13. Direct legislation on environmental protection is contained in several statutes. The Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (1997) has bearing on this IEE. Since the projects covered in this IEE will only involve work within an existing sub-station other environmental legislation will not be triggered. 14. The Constitution of Pakistan distributes legislative powers between the federal and the provincial governments through two „lists‟ attached to the Constitution as Schedules. The Federal List covers the subjects over which the federal government has exclusive legislative power, while the Concurrent List contains subjects regarding which both the federal and provincial governments can enact laws. “Environmental pollution and ecology” is included in the concurrent list; hence both the federal and the provincial governments can enact laws on this subject. However, to date, with a few exceptions the federal government has enacted laws on environment, and the provincial environmental institutions derive power from the federal law. 1.5 National Environmental Quality Standards 15. The PEPA covers the improper disposal of all solid and liquid waste and specific limitations are placed on wastes and emissions from particular industries. The National Environmental Quality Standards (Protection and Quality Regulations 1990, 1996, 2000, 2010) identifies specific industrial sources for control and an Environmental Protection License is required to discharge waste to the environment under controlled conditions. Where the project contractors require cement, concrete or granite based products for power improvement the materials must be obtained from facilities having a relevant and current Environmental Protection License.
1.6 Structure of Report 16. This report reviews information on existing environmental attributes of the areas around the Study Area. Geological, hydrological and ecological features, air quality, noise, water quality, soils, social and economic aspects and cultural resources are included. The report predicts the probable impacts on the environment due to the proposed project enhancement and expansion. This IEE also proposes various environmental management measures. Details of all background environmental quality, environmental impact/pollutant generating activities, pollution sources, pollution control equipment, predicted environmental quality and related aspects have been provided in this report. References are presented as footnotes throughout the text. Following this introduction the report follows ADB guidelines and includes: Description of the Sub-Project Description of Environmental and Social Conditions Assessment of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures for the Identified Impacts Institutional Requirements and Environmental Management Plan Public Consultation Findings, Recommendations and Conclusions
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IEE of Power Transformer’s Augmentation & Extension Subprojects LESCO
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
2.1 Type of Project 17. The sub-projects in this IEE are six extension and six augmentation sub-projects that supports the power distribution network at twelve existing distribution grid sub- stations (DGS) that have been prioritized by LESCO and selected to be included in the PDEMFF Tranche-III. The proposed works will all be within existing DGS according to LESCO. Locations/Layout Maps of Augmentation & Extension sub-projects is presented in Annex-I. 18. The sub-projects include six extension and six augmentation subprojects (Table 2.1). The environmental assessments that have been carried out follow ADB Guidelines and GoP‟s environmental assessment regulations and guidelines. Table 2.1: LESCO Tranche - III Sub-projects
Existing Sr. New Sub Project Name Voltage Type Capacity No. Capacity (MVA) (MVA) 1 PWR 132/11 E - 1x26 MVA 2 Sharaq Pur 132/11 E - 1x26 MVA 3 Kasur New 132/11 E - 1x26 MVA 4 Depal Pur 132/11 E - 1x26 MVA 5 Warburton 132/11 E - 1x26 MVA 6 Walgan Sohail 132/11 E - 1x26 MVA 7 Fort 132/11 A 2x26 MVA 2x40 MVA 8 Khuddian 132/11 A 3x26 MVA 3x40 MVA 9 Okara City – 2 132/11 A 1x26 MVA 1x40 MVA 10 ShahdaraNew 132/11 A 2x26 MVA 2x40 MVA 11 Sheikhupura 132/11 A 3x26 MVA 3x40 MVA 12 Farooq Abad 132/11 A 3x26 MVA 3x40 MVA
2.2 Categorization of the Project
19. Categorization is based on the most environmentally sensitive component of the Project and therefore the twelve sub-projects at the existing DGS are categorized as a Category „B‟ under ADB requirements, as the grid station site does not have any environmentally sensitive receptors. 20. At this stage the methods to install or replace the transformers are fairly well defined. There are few if any potentially significant environmental impacts and the works will all be within existing DGS and will not encroach on any land outside the sub-stations. There is no foreseeable significant disturbance outside the substations and waste disposal
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IEE of Power Transformer’s Augmentation & Extension Subprojects LESCO should not involve significant impacts if routine environmental management procedures and engineering controls are implemented thoroughly. 21. The aspects of the project with potential for any likely environmental impacts have been assessed, focusing on significant impacts from the extension and augmentation and any knock on effects from impacts such as air and noise pollution. 2.3 Need for the Project 22. Pakistan is a country with an economy of improving performance with a wide network of power distribution. However the standards and conditions of the power distribution are inadequate to meet rapidly growing power demand. This situation limits reliable power distribution and therefore the contribution of the power sector to national development and economic growth. To cope with the constraints, the existing power distribution infrastructure has to be improved and upgraded. The overall contribution of power infrastructure also requires institutional arrangements and capacity that support strategic management of the sector, and planning and management of investments. Overall the proposed PDEMFF Project has been designed in addressing both investment and institutional aspects in the sector.
23. The Tranche-III sub-projects will contribute to the improvement of the overall performance of the power distribution sector, improving distribution efficiency, broadly widening access to power to drive economic opportunities. The beneficiaries of the sub- projects will be people, companies, and government and non-government agencies in Pakistan that use power distribution services directly and indirectly. Communities indirectly served by the sub-projects will benefit from improved, secure faster distribution services. Power users will benefit in terms of secure power and improved power safety and potentially increased productivity.
2.4 Location and Scale of Project
24. The augmentation projects will all be within the six existing DGS (Figures 2.1 and 2.2, Annex-1) and will not encroach on any land outside the sub-stations. Annex I & II presents location/layout maps and photographs which show: space for additional transformer; or space for replacement transformer; local communities in the vicinity of the sub-stations; and land features of the adjoining sub-station boundaries.
25. The extension and augmentation sub-projects will replace an existing transformer in an existing DGS with a transformer of a higher capacity (ITC or augmentation). The transformer that is replaced will not be wasted but will be removed and transferred at another LESCO facility where it will be reconditioned, stored and eventually transferred to another DGS to be reused. The Project Proponent (LESCO) plans to have the Tranche- III completed by the end 2013. The details for the implementation of the 6 augmentation & 6 extension sub-projects are in development phase.
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IEE of Power Transformer’s Augmentation & Extension Subprojects LESCO
Figure 2.1 Jurisdiction of LESCO
2.5 LESCO Subprojects
26. The twelve sub-projects are in urban areas of Lahore, Sheikhupura, Kasur, Okrara and Nankana districts in the jurisdiction of LESCO. The areas surrounding the relevant DGS are described in the reviews of environmental implications (REI). Photographs of the
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IEE of Power Transformer’s Augmentation & Extension Subprojects LESCO
DGS are presented in Annex-II. The extension and augmentation projects are spread out around sites within the LESCO jurisdiction (Refer to the Figures 2.1 and 2.2).
Figure 2.2 Distribution Substations with Extension/Augmentation Sub-projects i. 132Kv PWR Sub-project 27. The SP proposes an increase in Transformer capacity of PWR DGS by addition of a 26MVA (T-4) transformer, with allied equipment. Total area of the Grid station is 26.5- Kanal. Mughal Pura Road is at north side of DGS and Railway Stadium across the road.
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IEE of Power Transformer’s Augmentation & Extension Subprojects LESCO
Railway line is on east side. On south and west side there are settlements adjacent to DGS.
ii. 132kV Sharaqpur Road SKP Sub-project 28. The SP proposes an increase in capacity of Transformer of Sharaqpur Road SKP, DGS by addition of a 26MVA (T-2) transformer, with allied equipment. Total area of the Grid station is 40-Kanal and 08-Marlas. Muraday Kalan is on north side of DGS. Sharaqpur Road is on east side and agricultural land across the road. On south side agricultural land is present. On west side there is industrial land, agricultural land and settlements.
iii. 132kV Kasur New Sub-project 29. The SP proposes an increase in Transformer capacity of Kasur New DGS by addition of a 26MVA (T-3) transformer, with allied equipment. Total area of the Grid station is 30-Kanal. On north there is old Kasur DGS and settlements of Ali Ahmed shah colony. On east side Lahore-Kasur Road is situated adjacent to the LESCO colony and Field Store and cantt on the other side of road. On south and west side of DGS is settlement of Ali Ahmed shah colony.
iv. 132kV Depalpur Sub-project 30. The SP proposes an increase in Transformer capacity of Depalpur DGS by addition of a 26MVA (T-4) transformer, with allied equipment. Total area of the Grid station is 07-Acre, 06-Kanal and 02-Marlas. On north, west and east side of the Grid station agricultural land is present. On south side in front of the Grid station Depal pur Chowk is present and this road leads towards Pakpattan in west.
v. 132kV Warburton Sub-project 31. The SP proposes an increase in transformer capacity of Warburton DGS by addition of a 26MVA (T-3) transformer, with allied equipment. Total area of the Grid station is 80-Kanal. On north side there are settlements of main city adjacent to DGS. On east side graveyard and settlements are there. On south side agricultural land is in access of DGS. On west side Warburton Road, a school and agricultural are present.
vi. 132 kV Walgon Sohail Sub-project 32. The SP proposes an increase in transformer capacity of Walgon Sohail DGS by addition a 26MVA (T-3) transformer, with allied equipment. Total area of Grid station is 72 Kanal and 2 Marlas. On north and east side SKP Faisalabad Road is present. Ali CNG station is adjacent to the road. Mandi Mawashian is on West. On south side there is open land.
vii. 132 kV Sheikhupura Sub-project 33. The SP increase in Transformer capacity of Sheikhupura DGS by replacement of (T1, T2 and T3) 26MVA by three 40MVA transformer, with allied equipments. In the north of DGS agricultural land is present and a hospital and a school is present 6km away from the DGS. Lahore –Faisalabad bypass and a show room is at the south of DGS. A workshop is in the west. In east a WAPDA colony and other abadi exists. Total area of the GS is 71 kanals 8 Marla.
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IEE of Power Transformer’s Augmentation & Extension Subprojects LESCO
viii. 132kV Khuddian Sub-project 34. The SP increase in Transformer capacity of Khuddian DGS by replacement of (T1, T2 and T3) 26MVA by three 40MVA transformer, with allied equipments. Total area of GS is 63 kanals 2 Marla. It is 2km away from Khuddian city. In north a canal and 7 Marla housing scheme. At south Depalpur Kasur road and abadi is present. A graveyard and agricultural land is in west.
ix. 132kV Faroqabad Sub project 35. The SP increase in Transformer capacity of Faroqabad DGS by replacement of (T1, T2 and T3) 26MVA three 40MVA transformer, with allied equipments. Total area is 22 kanals and 7 Marla. Lahore Sargodha road is in north and away from road abadi exists. Abadi and canal exists in the east and west of the DGS respectively. School, Markaz-e-Sehat and settlements are 1.5km away from DGS in the south.
x. 132kV Shahdra New Sub project 36. The SP increase in Transformer capacity of Shahdra New DGS by replacement of (T2 and T3) 26MVA by the two 40MVA transformers, with allied equipments. Total area of GS is 14 kanals 7 Marla. Army forest is in north and west. Government High School is in South and Noor Jahan tomb exists in East.
xi. 132kV Fort Sub project 37. The SP increase in Transformer capacity of Fort DGS by replacement of (T1 and T2) of 26MVA by the two 40MVA transformer, with allied equipments. Total area of GS is 5 kanal 13 Marla and 172 feet. Access to DGS is from Fort road. A mosque is on north side. A Fort is in south away from fort road. In west PTCL office and Ali Park exists.
xii. 132kV Okara City 2 Sub project 38. The SP increases the Transformer capacity by replacement of (T1) 26MVA by the one 40MVA transformer, with allied equipment. Total area of the GS is 1 Acre 06 Kanal and 14 Marla. Access to Okara City grid station is from Banazir road. Okara grain market is in East. Masjid, LESCO offices and Model city subdivision is in the west. Main road is present in the south and north of GS. 2.6 Decommissioning and Disposal of Materials
39. Decommissioning and disposal of discarded material the project will be recycled and reused within the PEPCO system. And no waste will be generated that can be classified as hazardous and requiring special disposal.
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3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
3.1 Sub-Project Areas 40. The proposed sub-projects are spread out over most of Lahore district, both in the main Lahore city, as well as in the fringe areas of Lahore, For this reason, the general characteristics of the area of location of all the sites are basically similar for groups of sites. Thus the DGS located in central or urban areas have similar settings, while those in suburban and rural areas share more or less a common setting, which is typical of central Punjab region. Most DGS are located in Tehsils and Districts of Lahore, Shiekhupura, Kasur and Okara, Punjab. 3.2 Physical Resources
3.2.1 Topography, Geography, Geology, and Soils 41. Lahore District is located between the central up-lands and alluvial lands of Ravi, having no hills or mountains of any kind. Ravi flows in the West of District along its boundary with Sheikhupura District. The general height of the area is 150-200m above sea level. The only minerals of value are Kallar and Kankar. They are used to manufacture crude saltpeter, and also as manure for top dressing of young cotton and tobacco plants. The soil is very different in character and generally inclined to be dry. However, it is rich in plant nutrients. No impact is expected on local soils and topography.
3.2.2 Climate and Hydrology 42. There is negligible variation of altitude above sea level in the area over which the selected DGS are situated, which means no variation between the climates of the various sub-project areas. The climate in general is typical of that of the central Punjab. 43. The maximum temperature in summer reaches 45oC. In winter the minimum is 1oC. The mean maximum and minimum temperatures in summer are 41oC and 27oC; and in winter 19oC and 4oC respectively. The summer season starts from April and continues till October. May, June and July are the hottest months. The winter season on the other hand starts from November and continues till March, December, January and February are the coldest months. 44. The rainy season starts in July and ends in September. Annual rainfall is 628.7mm. More rains occur in July and August than any other months. Most of the winter rains are received in the months of January, February and March.
3.2.3 Groundwater and Water Supply Resources 45. Irrigation is largely dependent on the canals, but tube wells have also been sunk in the areas where water is fit for irrigation. The chemical quality of ground water in the district varies area wise and depth wise. Potable water is available in a belt five to twenty miles wide paralleling the river Ravi. In most agricultural areas, irrigation supplies are perennial, but tube wells have also been installed to make up the deficiencies. The water
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IEE of Power Transformer’s Augmentation & Extension Subprojects LESCO table is not seasonal, and dug wells do not generally run dry. There should be no impact on these sources of water by the construction of the proposed sub-projects.
3.2.4 Surface Water Resources Rivers and Tributaries 46. The Ravi is the only river which flows through the district. It enters the district from Amritsar, by the village of Ichogil after a course of 55km leaves it on the borders of Kasur district. The Ravi is the smallest of the five rivers of the Punjab. After construction of the Bari Doab Canal, most of its flows are diverted. However In rainy season, it can have heavy floods. There are ferry services at Khudpur, Chung and Kariolwar. Lakes and Wetlands 47. There are no lakes or marshes in the district. The only permanent body of water is the Hudyara Rohi (Nullah) which enters the district from Amritsar District (India) near the villages of Moujoki and Padhana, and the Lahore Branch canal (which flows through Lahore city). The Hudyara nallah runs parallel to Ravi and falls into the same near village Khudpur in Lahore district. During the monsoon season a huge volume of water comes down the Rohi and very often spills over its banks, causing loss to crops and other properties. The Lahore canal off-takes from the BRBD canal supplying water to many minor canals on its way and commands farms in the south of Lahore.
Surface Drains 48. In addition there are 76 minor drains (collecting drains) which connect eight major drains namely Satto Kattla drain, Mian Mir drain, Lakshami drain, Sukh Nehar drain, Upper Chotta Ravi drain, Lower Chotta Ravi drain, Siddique Pura drain and Shahdara drain which ultimately connect into the river Ravi.
3.2.5 Air Quality 49. The project area is typical of Lahore with respect to air quality and there are some major sources of air pollution like industries or urban traffic, domestic sources such as burning of wood and kerosene stoves, etc. or fugitive sources such as burning of solid wastes. 50. The other major source of air pollution is dust arising from construction and other ground or soil disturbance, during dry weather, and from movement of vehicles on poorly surfaced or damaged access roads. It has been observed that dust levels from vehicles on existing roads may occasionally even be high enough to obscure vision temporarily. 51. Air quality in the subproject areas appeared very good during the study period. It should be possible to control and mange emissions from project activities at source, under the EMP. There will be a few items of powered mechanical equipment to be used in the construction of the DGS works, which may give rise to complaints of dust and other emissions; however these should be minor and easily dissipated. The project area is distant from major sources of air pollution like industries, domestic sources such as burning of
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IEE of Power Transformer’s Augmentation & Extension Subprojects LESCO wood and kerosene stoves, etc. or fugitive sources such as burning of solid wastes. Air quality in the project area appeared very good during the study period. Air quality measurements in major urban centres, carried out by Pak-EPA, revealed that CO, SO2 and NO levels were in excess of the acceptable levels in some areas but the average levels were found below WHO standards. Air quality testing by DISCOs (average values are: 3 TSP 1.09 mg/m , CO 634ppb, SO2 24.34ppb, NO2 23.73ppb) through various consultants has revealed that most sub-stations have NO2, CO2 and CO values below international standards although TSP levels at some locations was higher than international standards . 52. There should be no significant source of atmospheric pollution from the sub- projects. In the operational phase other nearby industrial facilities with fuel powered mechanical equipment will be the main polluters. All such emissions will be very well dissipated in the open terrain and there will be no cumulative effect from the sub-projects.
3.2.6 Noise and Vibration 53. Noise from vehicles and other powered mechanical equipment is intermittent. There are also the occasional calls to prayer from the local mosques but there are no significant disturbances to the typical urban setting. However the construction from the proposed power expansion will use powered mechanical equipment. Subjective observations were made of background noise and also of individual vehicle pass by events typical of an urban setting. 54. DISCOs have carried out noise level measurements at various sub-stations and transmission line locations within the system. These analyzed to calculate Leq values and have resulted in Leq values much below the 85dBA limit prescribed under the NEQS established by the EPA or the 75dBA used by DISCOs/NTDC/PEPCO in the equipment specifications. Typical values were: average 46.21dBA; high 63.14dBA; and low 34.35dBA. 55. There are no national noise standards in Pakistan for power transmission noise that would apply in the operational stages. A criterion of 70dB(A) Leq (exterior, boundary of DGS) has been used for assessment in previous IEE studies. 56. Noise from construction of the improvements to sub-stations is not covered under any regulations, however, in order to keep in line with best international practice it is recommended that no construction should be allowed during night time (9PM to 6AM) and 70dB (A)Leq should be the criterion at other times during the day measured at the boundaries of land from which construction noise is emitted. 57. Noise and vibration from compaction during construction of foundations may be a significant local impact, but there are no habitations so close to the works that they would be expected to be affected significantly.
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3.3 Ecological Resources
3.3.1 Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquatic Biology 58. There is little wildlife in this district, especially in urban areas. Mammals found occasionally include jackals, foxes, porcupines and mongoose, etc., and smaller animals and rodents like squirrels, rats, mice and bats. Reptiles and amphibians include many kinds of lizards, geckos, and snakes, frogs, toads, and turtles, etc. Common species of birds found in the district include the common house sparrow, crow, pigeon, dove, yellow and white eyed myenas, weaver bird, parrot, quail, humming bird, babblers, bulbul, the Indian roller, Indian robin, common kite, herons and egrets, etc, as well as some water birds like pintail, mallard, and teal etc, and seasonal visitors like swallows, bee eaters, quails and starlings etc. Aquatic life in the Ravi River, the Lahore Branch canal, and the drains, is now almost extinct. However, some local fishing takes place in the area. 59. The project area, which is not dry, is dominated by urban suburbs with occasional productive fields of grains, vegetables and fodder. Common floral species with rooted vegetation are also present in most of the water bodies of the area.
3.3.2 Vegetation Cover and Trees 60. Flora of the Lahore district has been greatly modified by human interventions. Few of the old open forests of small trees and shrubs now remain in Rakhs or portions of forests which are kept as grazing grounds for cattle etc. 61. There is wild growth of mesquite bushes and some eucalyptus trees in the areas near the works but natural forest cover in the district has been significantly reduced in the past. Some of the older stands of trees, especially fruit trees, still survive the onslaught of urbanization on this previously natural and agricultural area. Many large specimen trees of the Mughal and British periods have been destroyed in the wake of intensive urbanization. 62. Many DGS have some landscaping and ornamental plantations. Typically, land adjacent to sub-stations is populated urban area, or vacant lots awaiting development. The extension works will be carried out in vacant areas allocated for the purpose in the yards of the DGS, which are normally covered with cobbles and stones. Augmentation will take place by replacing a transformer on the existing foundation. No impact on vegetation is therefore envisaged.
3.3.3 Protected and Religious Trees 63. There are no protected or religious trees in the SP sites. The works, however, must deal with any trees that need to be lopped or removed for safety reasons, with the necessary permissions.
3.3.4 Protected Areas/National Sanctuaries 64. In Pakistan there are several areas of land devoted to the preservation of biodiversity through the dedication of national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. There are no protected areas near the DGS sites.
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3.4 Economic Development 3.4.1 Agriculture, Industries, and Tourism 65. After the separation of the Kasur and Chunian areas, the agrarian profile of Lahore district has changed altogether. It is now more industrial than before. Cash crops include tobacco; mutter (peas) wheat and sesame. It has been observed that wheat crop is producing more yield with smaller area in the district than in many other districts due to suitable soil conditions. 66. Vegetables are grown in abundance as the water and soils are suitable for cultivation, and include potato, carrot, lady finger, chili, onion, bitter gourd, cucumbers, coriander and cauliflowers. Fruits grown include; citrus, guava, mango, watermelons, banana and peach. 67. Lahore is the biggest trade centre in Punjab which exports and imports a sizable quantity of different types of goods. Its major industrial items of trade include electrical fans, motors, transformers and electrical goods, rubber and its products, bicycles and auto cycles, food products, beverages, body buildings, handicrafts, leather shoes, printing and publishing chemicals, photo goods and cinema films, as well as agriculture products and dry fruits. 68. After Karachi, Lahore is the biggest industrial area in Pakistan. There has been a steady expansion of industries in and around Lahore since independence. Industrial consumers are causing the greatest demand for electricity, and are also worst affected by power shut downs. 69. There are thousands of industrial and commercial businesses in the vicinity of the Tranche-III extension and augmentation sub-projects reliant on the efficient distribution of electrical power. There are also agricultural businesses on the fringes of the urban areas and tourism is also an important business in Lahore. 70. There are many places of interest that attract tourists and promote tourism e.g. Royal Fort Lahore, Shalimar Garden, Minar-e-Pakistan, Lahore Zoo, Badshahi Mosque, Wazeer Khan Mosque, Golden Mosque, Shrine of Data Hazrat Data Ali Havery, Shrine of Miran Shah, Anarkali Bazar, Walled city, Jallo Park, Alhamra Art Center, Shakir Ali Museum, Tomb of Allama Iqbal, Town Hall, Chouburji and the Zamzama, etc.
3.4.2 Transportation 71. Lahore is linked with the rest of the country by air, rail and road. It lies on the Grand Trunk (GT) Road or the Shahrah-e-Azam, which connects Kabul with Calcutta. The road was originally built by the Afghan ruler Sher Shah Suri in the 16th century. 72. There is a complete network of roads in the district. All major villages are connected with the district headquarters through highways. The first four lanes Motorway was constructed from Lahore to Islamabad. It also provides modern facilities to the passengers at international standards.
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73. The main Karachi-Peshawar railway line passes through the district. It enters Lahore from the south near Raiwind and passing through Shahdara in the north leaves for Gujranwala. From Lahore Railway Station, a railway line goes up to Wahga at Pakistan- India border and then across the border to Amritsar in India. 74. For air traffic, there is a modern International airport at Lahore. PIA and other air companies operate regular flights from Lahore other parts of the country as well as on international routes. 75. The number of vehicles, notably private cars, has increased dramatically over the last few years, resulting in all kinds of environmental problems. Traffic load has far exceeded the carrying capacity of roads in Lahore city, as well as in adjoining smaller towns. Valiant efforts are being made to cope with the situation by widening existing roads, and constructing new roads, with a further series of impacts on the environment, and with little overall result.
3.4.3 Energy Sources 76. Reserves of fossil fuels the main sources of energy in Pakistan and other sources include hydropower. In the study area there is no major source of electricity generation. In the urban areas, the main sources of energy are electricity, piped and bottled natural gas, and fire wood. The sourcing of fire wood and other biomass (especially in suburban and rural fringe areas) is concentrated on home garden production of fuel wood and the extraction of wood from forests, woodlands, crop plantations and agricultural residues. The other significant energy sources in the area are kerosene and LPG. There are numerous petrol stations, and LPG and CNG dealers in the district. 77. The transmission lines for electrical power in the LESCO run in a complex grid with numerous local sub-stations (Refer to the Figures 2.1 and 2.2).
3.5 Social and Cultural Resources 3.5.1 Population Communities and Employment 78. The total population of Lahore, Okara, and Kasur districts was 6,318,745, 2,232,992 and 2,375,875 persons respectively, as enumerated in March, 1998. According to the 1998 Census, the population is predominantly Muslim, i.e. 93.9, 98.0 and 95.0%. The next higher percentage is of Christians with 5.8, 1.9 and 4%, followed by Ahmadis 0.2, 0.1 and 0.1%. While other minorities like Hindu (Jati), Scheduled Castes etc. are very small in number. Punjabi is the predominant language being spoken in the districts, representing 86.2 and 88% of the population, followed by Urdu, Pushto and Siraiki spoken by 10.2, 6 1.9 ,7 and 0.4 %. Sindhi is spoken by 0.1%. 79. Of the total economically active population 98.9 and 96%, rural and urban population, were registered as employed in 1998. Nearly 52.6 and 73% were self- employed, 27.1 and 16% private employees and 14.4 and 5% government employees. Un- paid family helpers were recorded as 1.1 and 4%. In 1998 of the total employed persons, 44.7% had elementary occupations, followed by service workers and shop and market sales workers, 17.5% and professional, 9.2%. In rural areas people having elementary
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IEE of Power Transformer’s Augmentation & Extension Subprojects LESCO occupations were again in majority, followed by skilled agricultural and fishery works and service workers and shop and market sales workers, represented 52.5, 23.7 and 8.4% respectively. 80. The main occupation of women in rural areas of subproject is house-keeping which includes attending to the cattle, extracting butter and ghee from milk, weaving and sewing of family clothes. In addition they generally help their men-folk on farms with the lighter duties like transplanting of seedlings, threshing and winnowing of grains and sometimes they also help in harvesting. In city women are house-wives or work as professional‟s doctors, nurses, teaching and in offices. 81. There are many important cultural or archaeological sites in Lahore as mentioned above, but no cultural and archaeological site is located near any of the sub-projects. 3.6 Education and Literacy 82. The current literacy ratio in the Lahore district is 74%. The enrolment of the students in various level of education is given in Table 3.1. 83. Lahore is a first class seat of learning in Pakistan. The world famous and the oldest university of Pakistan i.e. University of the Punjab is located in this city. The pioneering University of Engineering and Technology is also in Lahore. There has been a significant development in the educational sector of this district. University of the Punjab has been extended and its new campus is constructed along the Lahore branch of Upper Bari Doab canal. There are also a number of government and private schools, colleges and technical institutes. 84. Main medical colleges in Lahore include the King Edward Medical College, the Allama Iqbal Medical College and the Fatima Jinnah Medical College, as well as several private and chartered medical universities and colleges. Table 3.1: Number of Student Enrolment
Institute Enrolment Teaching Staff Type of Institute Male Female Male Female Male Female Primary 764 571 73,000 40,000 2,492 1,491 Middle 139 75 37,000 17,000 1,541 769 Secondary 101 35 62,000 24,000 2,088 774 Higher Secondary (Class 2 1 2,691 1,774 12 55 l-Xll) Intermediate and Degree 5 4 3,636 1,771 150 75 colleges Mosque schools 282 - 6,528 - 419 - Total 1293 686 184,855 84,545 6,702 3,164 Source: Punjab Development Statistics, Bureau of Statistics, Punjab.
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3.7 Health Facilities
85. Good medical and health facilities are available in the Lahore Metropolitan Corporation area and its suburbs. Shaukat Khanum Hospital is a recent addition in the medical care facilities in Lahore for the most dangerous disease in the country i.e. cancer. There are also other hospitals of voluntary organizations which provide health cover to the general public. King Zaid Bin Sultan Hospital is also a very advanced addition in the medical care for Lahore. Among the prominent hospitals are General Hospital, Lady Aitchison Hospital, Lady Wellingdon Hospital, Mayo Hospital, Fatima Jinnah Hospital, Services Hospital, Gulab Devi Hospital, Ganga Ram Hospital, Shalimar Hospital, Combined Military Hospital and Ittefaq Hospital. Besides, a number of private medical practitioners, hakims and homeopathic doctors are also practicing in the city. 86. The medical facilities available in Okara district are one Divisional Head Quarter Hospital, two Tehsil Head Hospital at Renala and Haveli, 32 dispensaries, 89 BHU, 6 Mother and Child Health Centres and one Dental Clinic. Basic health units are located in each affected village. In addition to government health facilities there are also private hospitals and clinics which are providing health facilities. No health facilities are closer to 500m to sub-project sites. All these facilities provide 631 beds for patients. 87. There is a district headquarters hospital in Kasur, besides one tehsil headquarters hospital each at Chunian and Pattoki Tehsils. Over all in district Kasur a number of dispensaries, rural health centre, Basic Health Units, etc. are providing health services to the people of Kasur. There are 4 hospitals with 233 beds, 34 dispensaries with 44 beds, 12 rural health centres with 240 beds, 81 basic health units with 160 beds, 1 T.B. clinic and 9 M.C.H. centres.
3.7.1 Cultural Heritage and Community Structure 88. There are no official heritage sites or historic, religious or archeologically important sites located in the close vicinity of any subproject works areas. There are no major historic or archaeological features of note, but there a few places of worship within about 500m of many of the proposed works. Some DGS have a mosque within the attached residential colony.
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4. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
4.1 Project Location Impact Assessment and Mitigation
89. The Tranche-III Augmentation and Extension sub-projects will involve expansion of facilities within existing sub-stations (DGS) and in most cases the SRs are set well back from the power equipment outside the DGS boundaries. In a few cases for some of the augmentation sub-projects there are some SRs within a few metres of the DGS boundary walls and the SRs are in the form of residential buildings, some schools and shops in the surrounding settlements. 90. The location and scale of the works are very important in predicting the environmental impacts. This process of impact prediction is the core of the IEE process and it is critical that the recommendations and mitigation measures are carried out according to the conditions on the ground in the affected areas in the spirit of the environmental assessments process. In this section the potential environmental impacts are reviewed. If impacts are predicted to be significant enough to exceed accepted environmental standards, mitigation is proposed in order to reduce residual impact to acceptable levels and achieve the expected outcomes of the project being implemented. Therefore, it is essential that a proper analysis is carried out during the project planning period. In this regard, the impact prediction plays a vital role as these predictions are used for developing mitigation measures and any alternative options, if appropriate. When the detailed designs are completed the impacts and mitigation measures will need to be further reviewed to take account of how the contracts are set up and in the light of any fine tuning of the sub-projects. 4.2 General Approach to Mitigation
91. During the preparation for the sub-project construction phase the future contractors must be notified and prepared to co-operate with the executing agency, project management, supervising consultants and local population in the mitigation of impacts. Furthermore the contractor must be primed through bidding stages and the contract documentation to implement the EMP in full and be ready to engage trained environmental management staff to audit the effectiveness and review mitigation measures as the project proceeds. The effective implementation of the EMP will be audited as part of the loan conditions and the executing agency (PEPCO) must be prepared for this. In this regard the LESCO must fulfil the requirements of the law and guidance prepared by Pak-EPA on the environmental aspects of power projects and the recommendations already made for sub-projects in this IEE and under PEPA, 1997. 92. The location of the residences, mosques, temples, schools, hospitals and civic cultural and other heritage sites has been reviewed in Section 3. Few if any of the residences and schools is close enough to sub-projects that there will be potential impacts in the construction stage from disturbance and significant noise and dust. Water is available in the study area and although surplus water may not always be available to
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IEE of Power Transformer’s Augmentation & Extension Subprojects LESCO suppress dust at many locations in the dry season major dust impacts should not arise from the scale of works envisaged. 4.3 Prevention of Ground Contamination 93. Best international practice includes control measures to contain oily residues. Transformer oil and lubricants that may be released in the operational stage from maintenance or from a catastrophic failure will result in loss of transformer oil. Transformer oil is supplied in drums from an imported source and tap tanks are topped up as necessary on site. There are also facilities in some sub-project DGS maintenance yards for recycling (dehydrating) oil for breakers. 94. The transformers, transformer oil stocks and the transformer oil dehydration machines are not installed on impervious surfaces. Therefore in order to be in line with best international practice some mitigation measures are required to prevent soil contamination. 95. The areas upon which the new transformers, transformer oil stocks and the transformer oil dehydration machines located should have an impervious surface with bunds and high enough edges to capture 110% of the total volume of oil that is housed within the bunded area (Refer Section of the Typical Bunds for Transformers is attached as Annex-III). Oil and oily residues should therefore be captured at source and maintenance should take place in these dedicated areas away from surface water resources. With such mitigation installed no impacts should arise in sub-projects. A programme to introduce bunding in all substations should be introduced in the medium to long term as the transformers are upgraded (ITC) or replaced as resources permit. 4.4 Cultural Heritage, Temples, Religious Sites, Social Infrastructure 96. The location of mosques, temples and other cultural and other heritage SR sites with respect to the sub-projects has been reviewed in Section 3. No temples or religious sites are so close to the works in the DGS as to cause a nuisance. There will be sufficient buffer distance between the works and the SR such that no major significant impact would be expected from the works. However provision should be made for public consultation to be undertaken at the implementation stage to ensure no nuisances arise. 97. The clinic/hospitals are all well separated from the boundary walls of the sub- project DGS and there will be sufficient buffer distance between the works and the SR such that no major significant impact would be expected from the works. However consideration should be made not to construct at night to avoid nuisances. 98. The location of schools and some residences places them within 10m from the edge of the sub-project DGS boundary wall in many cases. Whereas the scale of the works for Tranche - III Augmentation & Extensions sub-projects is well within the DGS boundary wall there should be sufficient buffer distance between the works and all the SR such that no significant impacts can be expected from the works, particularly in terms of noise, vibration and dust. However provision should be made for public consultation to be undertaken at the implementation stage to ensure no nuisances arise.
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4.5 Potential Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures in Construction Stage 4.5.1 Encroachment, Landscape and Physical Disfiguration 99. The extent of Tranche-III Augmentation & Extension sub-projects is well within the existing DGS boundary wall and therefore no additional encroachment, landscape or impacts associated with physical disfiguration of the urban cityscape or rural landscape are expected from construction. 100. Potential disfiguration of the landscape can however result from the uncontrolled excavation of raw materials such as rock, gravel and sand from neighboring areas. Extraction of rock based materials is not necessary on these sub-projects and is already banned by the authorities except under license.
4.5.2 Cut and Fill and Waste Disposal 101. The Tranche-III Augmentation & Extension sub-projects should not require any significant cutting and filling but minor excavations and piling may be required in some of the DGS where the new transformers are to be located to create the footings. 102. Mitigation measures must focus on the minimization of impacts. If surplus materials arise from the removal of the existing surfaces these can be used elsewhere on the sub-project DGS before sourcing additional soil rock, gravel or sand extraction is considered. The use of this immediately available material will minimize the need for additional rock based materials extraction. The extraction of raw materials should be minimized by the re-use on-site for landscaping of all rock and soil based materials extracted for excavation of foundations etc. 103. If off-site disposal of surplus materials is necessary this must also be negotiated through local authority approvals prior to the commencement of construction. 104. Contractual clauses should be included to require each contractor to produce a materials management plan (one month before construction commences) to identify all sources of cement and aggregates and to balance cut and fill. The plan should clearly state the methods to be employed prior to and during the extraction of materials and all the mitigation measures to be employed to mitigate nuisances to local residents. Mitigation measures shall seek to control the impacts at source in the first place. The construction supervising consultant (engineer) shall be responsible to update the cut and fill estimates and create Materials Master Plan to facilitate materials exchange between the different contracts in the Tranche-III sub-projects to provide an overall balance for materials and minimize impacts on local resources.
4.5.3 Trees, Ecology and Protected Areas 105. Surveys have been made at all sub-project locations and whereas trees are present in some sub-stations there should not be any need for disturbance of trees in the Tranche- III extension and augmentation sub-projects.
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106. If for some unforeseen reason Reserved Trees or other trees do need to be removed, prior to that permission should be obtained from the relevant authority after written justification. 107. A requirement shall be inserted in the contracts that no trees are to be cut in the DGS without the written permission from the Supervising Consultant who may permit the removal of trees if unavoidable on safety and technical engineering grounds after written justification. 108. In Pakistan there are several areas of land devoted to the preservation of biodiversity through the dedication of national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. There are no protected areas in the adjacent to the proposed subprojects.
4.5.4 Hydrology, Sedimentation, Soil Erosion 109. The Tranche -III Augmentation & Extension sub-projects are all on flat sites and should only require minor excavations and piling. Therefore there is little potential for the works to have impact on local water resources. There should be no need for erosion control and there should not be any significant runoff from stockpiles.
4.5.5 Air Pollution from Rock Crushing, Cut, Fill, & Asphalt 110. The material (cement, sand and aggregate) requirement of a typical Augmentation & Extension subproject is not large. The construction materials for the sub-station are stored within the sub-station site as per the work progress (which is staggered as the buildings which require bulk of the construction materials are built in phases over 6 to 12 months period), which means that at any given point in time the amount of construction material stored is not significant. The quantities of construction material required for a typical sub-station is not so large that they potentially represent a traffic hazard, these requirements are time dispersed in case of sub-stations. The contractor will be, however, required to provide a traffic management plan before commencement of work at site. Field observations indicate that ambient air quality is generally acceptable considering the urban and urban fringe environments where the Tranche-III sub-projects are located. Any local emissions from powered mechanical equipment needed for the construction will to be rapidly dispersed and no impacts are expected. 111. Major earthworks are not envisaged but minor excavations and piling will be required in the DGS where the new transformers are to be located and to create the footings and bunds for containment of leaked oily waste. Where earthworks are required they will contribute to increasing dust. However the scale of the works at any one location is not likely to cause excessive dust. Therefore dust control from works at this scale should be easy to achieve at little extra cost. In order to avoid complaints of dust nuisances the following mitigation measures should be carried out as a matter of good housekeeping: (i) Dust suppression facilities (back pack water sprayer) shall be available where earth and cement works are required.
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(ii) Areas of construction (especially where the works are within 20m of the SRs) shall be maintained damp by watering the construction area. (iii) Construction materials (sand, gravel, and rocks) and spoil materials will be transported trucks covered with tarpaulins. (iv) Storage piles will be at least 30m downwind of the nearest human settlements. (v) All vehicles (e.g., trucks, equipment, and other vehicles that support construction works) shall be well maintained and not emit dark or smoky emissions in excess of the limits described in the NEQS.
112. The need for large stockpiles should be minimized by careful planning of the supply of materials from controlled sources. If large stockpiles (>25m3) are necessary they should be enclosed with side barriers and covered with tarpaulins when not in use and at the end of the working day to enclose dust.
113. Bitumen will not generally be required. If bituminous compounds are to be applied by hand labor methods and melted in heaters the fuel used shall be kerosene, diesel or gas fuel. Fuel wood shall not be used for heating bitumen; neither should bitumen be used as fuel.
114. Bitumen drums should be stored in a dedicated area, not scattered around the sub- project and any small accidental spills of bitumen or chemicals should be cleaned up immediately. The waste including the top 2cm of any contaminated soil and disposed of as chemical waste to an approved landfill or approved local authority disposal site.
4.5.6 Noise, Vibration and Blasting
115. It is anticipated that powered mechanical equipment and some local labour with hand tool methods will be used to construct the subproject works. No blasting is anticipated. Powered mechanical equipment can generate significant noise and vibration. The cumulative effects from several machines can be significant. To minimize such impacts, the contractor for subproject should be requested by the construction supervision consultants (engineer) to provide evidence and certification that all equipment to be used for construction is fitted with the necessary air pollution and noise dampening devices to meet NEQS requirements. Table 4.1: National Environmental Quality Standards for Noise S No. Category of Effective from 1st July, 2010 Effective from 1st July, Area/Zone 2012
Limit in dB(A) Leq* Day time Night time Day time Night time 1. Residential are (A) 65 50 55 45 2. Commercial area (B) 70 60 65 55 3. Industrial area (C) 80 75 75 65 4. Silence zone (D) 55 45 50 45 Note:
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i. Day time hours: 6 .00 am to 10.00 pm ii. Night Time hours: 10.00 pm to 6.00 am iii. Silence zone: Zones which are declared as such by the competent authority. An area comprising not less than 100 meters around hospitals, educational institutions and courts and courts. iv. Mixed categories of areas may be declared as one of the four above-mentioned categories by the competent authority. v. dB(A) Leq: time weighted average of the level of sound in decibels on scale A which is relatable to human hearing.
116. Noise will be monitored at a distance of 100m from the boundary wall of any residential unit and should follow the NEQS 45db(A)Leq. It is recommended that no construction should be allowed during night time (10PM to 6PM). Any noise equipment should be located within DGS or as far from SRs as possible to prevent nuisance to dwellings and other structures from operation. However, if the noise still exceeds NEQS then noise barriers will be installed around the equipment to reduce the effects of the noise. 117. Vibration from construction of piles to support pads may be required for some tower construction and may be a significant impact but this should be short duration. Where vibration could become a major consideration (within say 100m of schools, religious premises, hospitals or residences) a building condition survey should take place prior to construction. The physical effect of piling should be assessed prior to construction and measures should be discussed with the local population as well as timing of the works to serve as a vehicle for further public consultation at the implementation stage and to assist in public relations. At nearby schools, the contractor shall discuss with the school principals the agreed time for operating these machines and completely avoid machine use near schools during examination times, if such a need arises.
4.5.7 Sanitation, Solid Waste Disposal, Communicable Diseases
118. The main issues of concern are uncontrolled disposal of waste by construction workers, unmanaged disposal of solid and liquid wastes into watercourses and natural drains. There should not be any significant amount of waste from the works and because the works will be under close supervision of the LESCO authority within the DGS these issues can be controlled at source. 119. In order to maintain proper sanitation around construction sites the workforce will be allowed to use the flush toilet facilities in the sub-station control buildings. 120. Vectors such as mosquitoes should not be a significant consideration bearing in mind the type and scale of works for the Tranche-III Extension and Augmentation sub- projects.
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4.6 Potential Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures in Operational Stage
4.6.1 Air Pollution and Noise from the Enhanced Operations 121. Based on observations of many different types of transformer at numerous Tranche-III Augmentation & Extension sub-project sites, noise and vibration should not be a nuisance to any nearby SRs. Although an addition of only one transformer for the extension projects the incremental addition to noise levels will not cause a significant disturbing effect for the SRs in the vicinity of the sub-projects. 122. Some switchgear that may be installed may contain sulphur hexafluoride (SF6). Typically losses of the SF6 gas are very minor in the operational phase but it is noted that all halogenated gases can potentially accrue “greenhouse gas effects” if they are released in significant quantities. However well installed SF6 equipment should not leak significant amounts of gas and in leakage is checked routinely from all such equipment. Six monthly reports are already made in case there is a need for SF6 to be topped up. The maintenance of the equipment should be geared to achieve a gradual reduction in SF6 usage (leakage) which can therefore be monitored to slowly eradicate any such impacts. If SF6 leakage becomes excessive the respective plant will be overhauled to reduce eradicate the leakage. 123. If there is a suspicion that there has been a leak of sulphur hexafluoride or by products at any substation the immediate substation area should be evacuated, the controlling engineer must be informed, pending investigation by an authorized person. Thus atmospheric environmental impacts from SF6 can be mitigated and are not expected to be significant.
4.6.2 Pollution from Oily Run-off, Fuel Spills and Dangerous Goods
124. Control measures will be needed for oily residues such as transformer oil and lubricants. Transformer oil is supplied in drums from an imported source and tap tanks are topped up as necessary on site. There are facilities in some sub-project DGS maintenance yards for recycling (dehydrating) oil for breakers. 125. However the areas upon which these recycling facilities are located have no dedicated drainage which can capture run-off. Oily residues and fuel and any contaminated soil residues should be captured at source by installing bunds (Refer to the Annex-III) and refuelling and maintenance should take place in dedicated areas away from surface water resources. Contaminated residues and waste oily residues should be disposed at a site agreed with the local authority. 126. LESCO has already prohibits use of Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCBs) based oil in new power transformers. The old transformers are not going to be disposed off or discarded and would be recycled and reused within the PEPCO system. As a policy WAPDA had stopped using transformers which PCBs since 1969.
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DISCOs are served by the Technical Services Group (TSG), TSG prepare a detailed routine maintenance schedule for each piece of hardware. TSG also supervise and monitors the implementation of this schedule by Grid System Operation (GSO). Transformer oil has a long life (typically over 15 years, which depends upon the level of load the transformer serves). Oil spills are very rare and are preempted by routine maintenance. TSG and GSO have a written down procedure to deal with oil spills . 127. If for some reason there are oily releases they should be cleaned up immediately. The waste including the top 2cm of any contaminated soil and disposed of as chemical waste to an approved landfill or approved local authority disposal site. TSG ensure that the maintenance schedule of each piece of hardware is adhered to. DISCOs have also established a safety unit, which among other tasks, investigates all accidents. Frequency of accidents, on average is about 1 per DISCO per year (based on last 4 years record), about 60% of these are non-fatal. Most accidents occur due to staff and supervision negligence. 4.7 Enhancement
128. Environmental enhancements are not a major consideration within the numerous Tranche-III Augmentation & Extension sub-project sites. However it is noted that it is common practice at many such sites to create some local hard and soft landscaping and successful planting of fruit trees and shrubs has been accomplished in many sites. This practice should be encouraged on all sites as far as practicable.
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5. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS & ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
129. In this section, the mitigation measures that are required, for Tranche-III Augmentation & Extension sub-projects, to reduce residual impact to acceptable levels and achieve the expected outcomes of the project, are discussed. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is based on the type, extent and duration of the identified environmental impacts for Tranche - III augmentation sub-projects. The EMP has been prepared following best practice and by reference to the ADB Guidelines. 130. It is important that the recommendations and mitigation measures are carried out according to the spirit of the environmental assessment process and in line with the guidelines. The impact prediction has played a vital role in reconfirming that typical mitigation measures and approaches will achieve the necessary environmental controls based on the feasibility and detailed design assumptions available at this stage. 131. The EMP has been compiled based on the available information and shall be reviewed in due course at project inception and through construction in order to feedback and provide updated mitigation requirements for any significant unpredicted impacts. The analysis primarily focuses the key environmental issues likely to arise from sub-projects implementation, to prescribe mitigation measures to be integrated in the project design, to design monitoring and evaluation schedules to be implemented during subproject construction and operation and to estimate costs required for implementing subproject mitigation measures. The details of EMP are given in the Table 5.1 for the Tranche-III Augmentation & Extension sub-projects of the LESCO. The EMP plan must be reviewed when the subproject reach the inception stage by the project management and be approved before any construction activity is initiated, to take account of any subsequent changes and fine tuning of the proposals. 132. Prior to implementation and construction of the sub-projects the EMP shall be reviewed by the LESCO and amended after detailed designs are complete. Such a review shall be based on reconfirmation and additional information on the assumptions made at the feasibility stage on capacity, location scale and expected operating conditions of the sub-projects. For example, in this case if there are any additional transmission lines or extension of the sub-station boundaries to be included, the designs may be amended and then the performance and evaluation schedules to be implemented during project construction and operation can be updated, and costs estimates can be revised. The IEE and EMP should than be revised on a sub-project by sub-project basis. 133. The IEE and EMP plan must be reviewed by the project management and if approved by the Pak-EPA (if required) before any construction activity is initiated. This is also an ADB requirement in order to take account of any subsequent changes and fine tuning of the proposals. It is recommended that before the works contract is worked out in detail and before pre-qualification of contractors that the full extent of the environmental requirements for the sub-project(s) and the IEE and EMP are included in the bidding documents. Past environmental performance of contractors and awareness of
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IEE of Power Transformer’s Augmentation & Extension Subprojects LESCO environmentally responsible procurement should also be used as indicators for prequalification of contractors.
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Table 5.1: Summary of Environmental Management Plan – Matrix Responsibility Environmental Timing to implement Locations to Objectives Mitigation Measures recommended to implement Monitoring Concern MM implement MM MM DESIGN STAGE 1. Flora and Fauna To minimize damage to 1. Ensure that minimal flora is damaged Before the Flora and Fauna ES SMEC ES LESCO flora and fauna 2. Ensure that fauna especially bird nesting‟s are not damaged commencement of sensitive locations construction activities/during design stage 2. Hydrological To minimize 1. Hydrological flow in areas where it is sensitive, such as water Before the If lines or substation ES LESCO ES LESCO Impacts hydrological and courses or bridges and culverts. commencement of are relocated near with the ES drainage impacts during 2. Design of adequate major and minor culverts facilities will be construction water courses, culverts SMEC (Design constructions. completed activities/during design or bridges in the Consultant) stage design stage reports 3. Noise barriers Ensure cumulative 1. Conduct detailed acoustic assessment for all residential, 1. During detailed Noise sensitive ES LESCO ES LESCO noise impacts are school, (other sensitive structures) within 50m of DGS and line. design stage. No later locations identified in with the ES and ES acceptable in 2. If noise at sensitive receiver exceeds the permissible limit, the than pre-qualification or the IEE/EIA/EMP or SMEC (Design SMEC construction and construction activities should be mitigated, monitored and tender negotiations. as required / approved Consultant) operational phase. controlled. 2. Include acoustic by PEPA. 3. If noise at sensitive receiver exceeds the permissible limit, the specification in the design to include acoustic mitigation (noise barrier or relocation contract. of noisy equipment) and monitoring. 4. Waste disposal Ensure adequate 1. Create waste management policy and plan to identify 1.Prior to detailed LESCO ESU. ES LESCO ES LESCO disposal options for all sufficient locations for, storage and reuse of transformers and design stage no later Locations approved by with the ES with the ES waste including recycling of breaker oils and disposal of transformer oil, than pre-qualification or EPA and LESCO and SMEC (Design SMEC transformer oil, residually contaminated soils and scrap metal “cradle to grave”. tender negotiations local waste disposal Consultant) residually contaminated 2. Include in contracts for unit rates for re-measurement for 2. Include in contract. authorities. soils, scrap metal. disposal. 3. Designate disposal sites in the contract and cost unit disposal rates accordingly. 5. Temporary Include mitigation in 1. Identify locations where drainage or irrigation crossing RoW During designing stage Locations based on ES LESCO ES LESCO drainage and preliminary designs for may be affected by works. no later than pre- drainage or irrigation with the ES with the ES erosion control erosion control and 2. Include protection works in contract as a payment qualification or tender crossing RoW near SMEC SMEC temporary drainage. milestone(s). negotiations. DGS. 6. Contract clauses Ensure requirements Include EMP Matrix in tender documentation and make During tender Noise sensitive ES LESCO ES LESCO and recommendations contractors responsible to implement mitigation measures by preparation. locations identified in with the ES with the ES of environmental reference to EIA/IEE in contract. No later than pre- the IEE/EIA/EMP or SMEC SMEC
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Responsibility Environmental Timing to implement Locations to Objectives Mitigation Measures recommended to implement Monitoring Concern MM implement MM MM assessment are included Include preparation of EMP review and method statement WM qualification or tender as required / approved in the contracts. plan, TD and EC Plan in contract as a payment milestone(s). negotiations by PEPA. Require environmental accident checklist and a list of controlled In bidding documents as chemicals / substances to be included in the contractor‟s work evaluation criteria. method statement and tender documentation. CONSTRUCTION STAGE 1. Hydrology And To ensure the proper 1. Consideration of weather conditions when particular Prepare a thorough 1. Locations of each ES Contractor ES SMEC Drainage implementation of any construction activities are undertaken. drainage management construction activity to and Aspects requirements mentioned 2. Limitations on excavation depths in use of recharge areas for plan to be approved by be listed by the CSC ES LESCO in EPA conditions of material exploitation or spoil disposal. CSC one month prior to engineer. approval letter in 3. Use of landscaping as an integrated component of a commencement of 2. Special locations are relation to Hydrology of construction activity as an erosion control measure. construction identified on the site the project. 4. Minimizing the removal of vegetative cover as much as by the contractor to possible and providing for it s restoration where construction Proper timetable minimize disturbances. sites have been cleared of such areas. prepared in 3. A list of locations of consideration with the irrigation channels / climatic conditions of drains to be compiled the area, the different and included in the construction activities contract. mentioned here to be guided. 2. Orientation for To ensure that the CSC 1. LESCO ESU environmental specialist to monitor and Induction course for all All staff members in LESCO ES, ES LESCO Contractor, and contractor and workers progress all environmental statutory and recommended site agents and above all categories. Monthly Contractor and with the ES Workers understand and have the obligations. including all relevant induction and six ES SMEC SMEC . capacity to ensure the LESCO staff / new month refresher course environmental 2 Conduct special briefing for managers and / or on-site training project staff before as necessary until requirements and for the contractors and workers on the environmental commencement of contractor complies. implementation of requirement of the project. Record attendance and achievement work. mitigation measures. test for contractors site agents. At early stages of 3. Agreement on critical areas to be considered and necessary construction for all mitigation measures, among all parties who are involved in construction employees project activities. as far as reasonably practicable.
4. Continuous progress review and refresher sessions to be
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Responsibility Environmental Timing to implement Locations to Objectives Mitigation Measures recommended to implement Monitoring Concern MM implement MM MM followed. 3. Water quality To prevent adverse Compile temporary drainage management plan one month 1.ES water quality impacts before commencement of works. Contractor due to negligence and 1. Proper installation of temporary drainage and erosion control ensure unavoidable before works within 50m of water bodies. 2. Contractor impacts are managed 2. Proper maintenance and management construction of TD and has to check effectively. Ensure EC measures, including training of operators and other workers water quality adverse impacts on to avoid pollution of water bodies by the considerate operation 1 month prior to 1. 50m from water and report to water quality caused by of construction machinery and equipment. construction. bodies 2. Relevant LESCO. construction activities locations to be 3. Storage of lubricants, fuels and other hydrocarbons in self- ES SMEC are minimized. determined in the and ES contained dedicated enclosures >50m away from water bodies. detailed project design. 4. Proper disposal of solid waste from construction activities. LESCO 5. Cover the construction material and spoil stockpiles with a review suitable material to reduce material loss and sedimentation and results avoid stockpiling near to water bodies. 6. Topsoil stripped material shall not be stored where natural drainage will be disrupted. 7. Borrow sites (if required) should not be close to sources of drinking water. 4. Air quality To minimize dust CONTROL ALL DUSTY MATERIALS AT SOURCE. During all construction. 1.Construction sites Contractor LESCO ES / effectively and avoid 1. All heavy equipment and machinery shall be fitted in full within 100m of should ES SMEC complaints due to the compliance with the national and local regulations.(Relevant sensitive receivers. maintain airborne particulate regulations are in the Motor vehicles fitness rules and Road 2. A list of locations to acceptable matter released to the Act). be included in contract standard. atmosphere. 2. Stockpiled soil and sand shall be slightly wetted before and other sensitive loading, particularly in windy conditions. areas identified by the ES SMEC to 3. Fuel-efficient and well-maintained haulage trucks shall be CSC along the ROW supervise employed to minimize exhaust emissions. during works. activities. 4. Vehicles transporting soil, sand and other construction materials shall be covered. Limitations to speeds of such vehicles necessary. Transport through densely populated area should be avoided. 5. To plan to minimize the dust within the vicinity of orchards and fruit farms. 6. Spraying of bare areas with water.
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Responsibility Environmental Timing to implement Locations to Objectives Mitigation Measures recommended to implement Monitoring Concern MM implement MM MM 7. Concrete plants. to be controlled in line with statutory requirements should not be close to sensitive receptors. 5. Ground To minimize ground 1. Review requirements for piling and use of powered 1 month prior to 1.Construction sites Contractor LESCO ES / Vibration vibrations during mechanical equipment within 100m of SRs. construction. within 100m of should SMEC ES construction. 2. Review conditions of buildings and conduct public sensitive receivers. maintain the consultation with SRs to establish less sensitive time for works acceptable involving piling and schedule works accordingly. 2. A list of locations to standards 3. Non-percussive piling methods to be used wherever be included in contract practicable. and other sensitive 4. Percussive piling shall be conducted in daylight hours. areas identified by the ES SMEC to 5. Hammer- type percussive pile driving operations shall not be CSC along the ROW supervise allowed at night time. during works. relevant activities. 6. Noise To minimize noise 1. Review requirements for use of powered mechanical 1 month prior to 1.Construction sites Contractor LESCO ES / increases during equipment within 100m of SRs. construction. within 100m of should SMEC construction. 2. Conduct public consultation with SRs to establish less sensitive receivers. maintain the sensitive time for works and schedule works accordingly. acceptable 3. All heavy equipment and machinery shall be fitted in full 2. A list of locations to standards compliance with the national and local regulations and with be included in contract effective silencing apparatus to minimize noise. and other sensitive 4. Heavy equipment shall be operated only in daylight hours. areas identified by the ES SMEC to 5. Construction equipment, which generates excessive noise, CSC along the ROW supervise shall be enclosed or fitted with effective silencing apparatus to during works. relevant minimize noise. activities. 7. Well-maintained haulage trucks will be used with speed controls. 8. Contractor shall take adequate measures to minimize noise nuisance in the vicinity of construction sites by way of adopting available acoustic methods. 7. Soil Erosion / Prevent adverse water SCHEDULE WORKS IN SENSITIVE AREAS (e.g. NEAR 1 month prior to 1. Locations based on ES Contractor LESCO ES / Surface Run-off quality impacts due to RIVERS) FOR DRY SEASON construction because history of flooding and ES SMEC SMEC ES negligence and ensure 1. In the short-term, temporary drainage and erosion control the area can be subject problems indicated by unavoidable impacts are plan to be presented with tender. Temporary drainage and to unseasonal heavy local authorities. managed effectively. erosion control plan one month before commencement of works rain Plan before and to protect all areas susceptible to erosion. (Permanent drainage during construction (cut 2. A list of sensitive
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Responsibility Environmental Timing to implement Locations to Objectives Mitigation Measures recommended to implement Monitoring Concern MM implement MM MM To minimize soil works shall be in the final design). and fill, land areas during erosion due to the 2. Installation of TD and EC before works construction within reclamation etc.) while construction to be construction activities 50m of water bodies. considering the climatic prepared by the detail of towers, stringing of 3. Clearing of green surface cover to be minimized during site conditions. design consultant in conductors and creation preparation. consideration with the cut and fill, land of access tracks for 5. Meaningful water quality monitoring up and downstream at project vehicles. reclamation, borrow any tower site during construction within a river or stream bed. areas etc. Rapid reporting and feedback to CSC.
5. Back-fill should be compacted properly in accordance with LESCO design standards and graded to original contours where 3. Locations of all possible. rivers, streams, culverts, irrigation 6. Cut areas should be treated against flow acceleration while channels, roads and filled areas should be carefully designed to avoid improper roads. drainage. 7. Stockpiles should not be formed within such distances behind excavated or natural slopes that would reduce the stability of the slopes or cause slippage. 8. Measures shall be taken to prevent ponds of surface water and scouring of slopes. Newly eroded channels shall be backfilled and restored to natural contours. 9. Contractor should arrange to monitor and adjust working and adopt suitable measures to minimize soil erosion during the construction period. Contractor‟s TD and EC plan should be endorsed and monitored but CSC after consulting with concerned. authorities. 10. Replanting trees to be done before the site is vacated and handed back to LESCO with appropriate trees (other vegetation cover as appropriate) to ensure interception of rainwater and the deceleration of surface run-off. 8. Exploitation, To minimize disruption (consider also for future trances if civil works) month prior to starting 1. List of borrow areas ES Contractor LESCO ES / Handling, and contamination of 1. Use only EPA licensed sites for raw materials in order to of works. Update to be prepared with and SMEC to SMEC ES Transportation and the surroundings, minimize adverse environmental impacts. monthly. tender stage agree format of Storage of minimize and or avoid 2. Measures to be taken in line with any EPA license conditions, contractors method reporting Construction adverse environ-mental recommendations and approval to be applied to the subproject statement and updated materials impacts arising out of activities using the licensed source including: one month prior to construction material construction.
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Responsibility Environmental Timing to implement Locations to Objectives Mitigation Measures recommended to implement Monitoring Concern MM implement MM MM exploitation, handling, Conditions that apply for selecting sites for material 2.List of routes of transportation and exploitation. transport of storage by using Conditions that apply to timing and use of roads for material construction material sources that comply transport. is to be prepared for with EPA license the contract and agreed conditions Conditions that apply for maintenance of vehicles used in material transport or construction. one month prior to construction. Conditions that apply for selection of sites for material storage. 3. Map of locations of Conditions that apply for aggregate production. storage is prepared by Conditions that apply for handling hazardous or dangerous the contractor. materials such as oil, lubricants and toxic chemicals. 9.Decommision and Minimize the impacts 1. Waste management plan to be submitted to the CSC and One month prior to 1.Dumping: 1.Contractor LESCO/ Waste Management from the disposal of approved by LESCO ESU one month prior to starting of works. starting of works. A list of temporary 2. SMEC ES ES SMEC construction waste. WMP shall estimate the amounts and types of construction and Update monthly stockpiling areas and and LESCO decommissioning waste to be generated by the project. more permanent ESU should 2. Investigate ways and means of reusing/recycling dumping areas to be supervise and decommissioned material from the project within PEPCO prepared at the take action to without any residual environmental impact. contract stage for ensure that
3 Identifying potential safe disposal sites close to the project, or agreement contractor‟s those designated sites in the contract. complete 4 Investigating the environmental conditions of the disposal relevant activities sites and recommendation of most suitable and safest sites. according to 5. Piling up of loose material should be done in segregated areas EIA / IEE / to arrest washing out of soil. Debris shall not be left where it EMP may be carried by water to downstream flood plains, dams, One month prior to A list of temporary requirement & lagoons or other water bodies. starting of works. stockpiling areas and NEQS. 6. Used oil and lubricants shall be recovered and reused or Update monthly more permanent removed from the site in full compliance with the national and dumping areas to be local regulations. prepared at the 7. Oily wastes must not be burned. Disposal location to be contract stage for agreed with local authorities/EPA. agreement (in W M 8. Waste breaker insulating oil to be recycled, reconditioned, or Plan) reused at DISCO‟s facility. 9. Machinery should be properly maintained to minimize oil spill during the construction. 10. Machinery should be maintained in a dedicated area over
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Responsibility Environmental Timing to implement Locations to Objectives Mitigation Measures recommended to implement Monitoring Concern MM implement MM MM drip trays to avoid soil contamination from residual oil spill during maintenance. 11 Solid waste should be disposed at an approved solid waste facility and not by open burning which is illegal and contrary to good environmental practice. 10. To ensure that the 1. Identify location of work camps in consultation with local UPDATE Once a month Location Map is Contractor LESCO Work Camp operation of work authorities. The location shall be subject to approval by the prepared by the ESU / CSC Operation and camps does not LESCO. If possible, camps shall not be located near settlements Contractor. Location adversely affect the or near drinking water supply intakes. (if required) surrounding 2. Cutting of trees shall not be permitted and removal of environment and vegetation shall be minimized. residents in the area. 3. Water and sanitary facilities (at least pit latrines) shall be provided for employees. Worker camp and latrine sites to be backfilled and marked upon vacation of the sites. 4. Solid waste and sewage shall be managed according to the national and local regulations. As a rule, solid waste must not be dumped, buried or burned at or near the project site, but shall be disposed of to the nearest sanitary landfill or site having complied with the necessary permits of local authority permission. 5. The Contractor shall organize and maintain a waste separation, collection and transport system. 6. The Contractor shall document that all liquid and solid hazardous and non-hazardous waste are separated, collected and disposed of according to the given requirements and regulations. 7. At the conclusion of the project, all debris and waste shall be removed. All temporary structures, including office buildings, shelters and toilets shall be removed. 8 Exposed areas shall be planted with suitable vegetation. 9.LESCO and Construction Supervising Consultant shall inspect and report that the camp has been vacated and restored to pre-project conditions. 11. Loss of Trees To avoid negative Tree location and condition survey to be completed one month Route design and site Tree survey to be SMEC ES and LESCO ES / and Vegetation impacts due to before tender. identification (1 & 2) completed one month ES Contractor SMEC ES Cover of the Areas removing of landmark, during design stage and before tender at
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Responsibility Environmental Timing to implement Locations to Objectives Mitigation Measures recommended to implement Monitoring Concern MM implement MM MM for Towers and sentinel and specimen The route for the distribution line should be selected so as to other matters during relevant Locations Temporary Work- trees as well as green prevent the loss or damage to any orchard trees or other trees. construction of relevant with a Map to be space vegetation and surface Use of higher towers to be preferred to avoid trees cutting. activities compiled prior to cover. Clearing of green surface vegetation cover for construction, tender by the design borrow of soil for development, cutting trees and other consultant / LESCO important vegetation during construction should be minimized ESU during detailed by careful alignment. Written technical Justification for tree design and CSC to felling included in tree survey. update as necessary. At completion all debris and waste shall be removed and not burned. The contractor‟s staff and labour will be strictly directed not to damage any vegetation such as trees or bushes outside immediate work areas. Trees shall not be cut for fuel or works timber. Land holders will be paid compensation for their standing trees in accordance with prevailing market rates (LARP). The land holders will be allowed to salvage the wood of the affected trees. The contractor will plant three (3) suitable new trees outside the 30 meter corridor of the transmission line in lieu of one (1) tree removed. Landscaping and road verges to be re-installed on completion. Compensatory planting of trees/shrubs/ornamental plants (at a rate of 3:1) in line with best international practice. After work completion all temporary structures, including office buildings, shelters and toilets shall be removed. 12. Safety To ensure safety of Providing induction safety training for all staff adequate Prior to commencement Location to be ES Contractor ES LESCO/ Precautions for the workers warning signs in health and safety matters, and require the and during construction identified by the CSC ES SMEC Workers workers to use the provided safety equipment. with contractor.
Providing workers with skull guard or hard hat and hard toe shoes. 13. Minimize disturbance Submit temporary haul and access routes plan one month prior Prior to and throughout The most important ES Contractor LESCO Traffic Condition of vehicular traffic and to start of works. the construction. locations to be ESU / CSC pedestrians during Routes in vicinity of schools and hospitals to be avoided. identified and listed.
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Responsibility Environmental Timing to implement Locations to Objectives Mitigation Measures recommended to implement Monitoring Concern MM implement MM MM haulage of construction Relevant plans of the materials and Contractor on traffic equipment. arrangements to be made available. 14.Social Impacts To ensure minimum Potential for spread of vector borne and communicable diseases Complaints of public to All subprojects all ES Contractor ES LESCO impacts from from labour camps shall be avoided (worker awareness be solved as soon as tranches ES LESCO construction labour orientation and appropriate sanitation should be maintained). possible force. on public health. Complaints of the people on construction nuisance / damage close to ROW to be considered and responded to promptly. Contractor should make alternative arrangements to avoid local community impacts. 15. Institutional To ensure that LESCO Capacity building activities were taken by Environmental Initiate preconstruction Awareness training for LESCO ESU LESCO & Strengthening and officials are trained to Officer in Tranche 1. Environmental Management Unit (EMU) and continue beyond all management and ADB Capacity Building understand and to was setup with in LESCO under Director Operations in Tranche project completion. senior staff in LESCO appreciate EMP 1. Development of strengthening plan for the EMU should be at senior engineer and taken up with resources. above in PMU and related units. OPERATIONAL STAGE 1. Air Quality Minimize air quality No significant Impacts Tranche 1.Monitor designs and plans for Operational phase all subprojects in ES LESCO LESCO impacts all future tranches. future tranches ESU 2.Noise Minimize noise impacts No significant Impacts Tranche 1. Acoustic designs checking Operational phase all subprojects in ES LESCO LESCO and plan for all future tranches. future tranches ESU 3. Waste disposal Minimize improper Continue waste management arrangements in operational phase Operational phase all subprojects in ES LESCO LESCO waste disposal of all subprojects and LESCO activities. future tranches ESU 3. Compensatory Maintain survival of Employ landscaping contractor to monitor, water and feed Operational phase all subprojects in ES LESCO LESCO tree planting trees planted replacement saplings and replace dead specimens as necessary. future tranches ESU 4. Landslides and Avoid landslips and No significant Impacts in Tranche 1. Review designs checking Operational phase all subprojects in ES LESCO LESCO soil erosion loss of productive land and plan for all future tranches. future tranches ESU 5. Water quality Minimize water quality No significant Impacts in Tranche 1. Review designs checking Operational phase all subprojects in ES LESCO LESCO impacts and plan for all future tranches. future tranches ESU 6 Crops and Monitor impacts from Track growth of large trees under the conductors. Operational phase all subprojects in ES LESCO LESCO vegetation maintaining tree future tranches ESU clearance under transmission lines 7. Social safety Ensure no Necessary signboards with limits of height clearances to be Operational phase all subprojects in ES LESCO LESCO
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Responsibility Environmental Timing to implement Locations to Objectives Mitigation Measures recommended to implement Monitoring Concern MM implement MM MM Impacts encroachments / placed all along the line. future tranches ESU construction under the Identify and prevent any illegal encroachments under the transmission line. No DXLs.. violation of clearance spaces. Note: DDS=Detailed design stage. Based on IEE report to be revised at DDS, RAP, SIA and other engineering considerations may change. IEE= Initial Environmental Examination. EMP= Environmental Management Action Plan = Environmental Management Plan, EPA= Environmental Protection Agency, ESIC=Environmental and Social Implementation Cell DGS= Distribution Grid Station.
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134. In order to facilitate the implementation of the EMP, during the planning for the construction phase the LESCO must prepare the future contractors to co-operate with all stakeholders in the mitigation of impacts. Furthermore the contractor must be primed through the contract documentation and ready to implement all the mitigation measures. LESCO will need to engage at least one trained environmental management staff and the staff should audit the effectiveness and review mitigation measures as the subprojects are rolled out. The effective implementation of the EMP will be audited as part of the midterm review of loan conditions and the executing agency must prepare for this at the inception stage. 135. The impacts have been classified into those relevant to the design/preparation stage, construction stage and operation and maintenance stage. The matrix provides details of the mitigation measures recommended for each of the identified impacts, time span of the implementation of mitigation measures, an analysis of the associated costs and the responsibility of the institution. The institutional responsibility has been specified for the purpose of the implementation and the supervision. The matrix is supplemented with a monitoring plan for the performance indicators. A tentative estimation of the associated costs for the monitoring is given with the plan. The EMP has been prepared following best practice and the ADB Guidelines. 136. The EMP was prepared taking into account the limited capacity of LESCO to conduct environmental assessment of the subproject. LESCO‟S Organizational Set-up for EMP Planning, Implementation and Monitoring is shown in Figure 5.1. LESCO has appointed one (1) assistant environmental manager and one (1) assistant social impact manager with support staff. LESCO, Environmental and Social Unit (ESU) is fully functional. However, an environmental manager will be required. It is envisaged that experience in this field should therefore develop in the near future. However it is also strongly recommended that for subprojects in future Tranches that the LESCO be prepared to engage more support where necessary (e.g. senior environmental specialist with at least 3 years‟ experience in environmental management 1 year site experience in environmental monitoring and auditing) to guide the subsequent formal assessment and submission process under the PEPA, 1997 and monitor compliance with the EMP. As of August 2007, the LESCO has demonstrated only limited commitment to developing in-house environmental and social capability.
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CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
Chief Engineer Operating Department Consultants Development
MANAGER MANAGER (PLANNING, MANAGER (PROCUREMENT) (PROJECT FINANCING) SCHEDULING & CO- ORDINATION)
DM (ENVIRONMENT &
SAFEGUARD DM
DM DM (Monitoring Control (Planning & DM DM & Co-ordination) Scheduling (PROCUREMENT) (PROCUREMENT) AM AM (Social (Environment) AM AM Impact)
AM (MC&C) AM (P&S) AM AM (PROCUREMENT) (PROCUREMENT)
Figure 5.1 LESCO’S Organizational Set-up for EMP Planning, Implementation and Monitoring
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137. The environmental staff members will need a good level of awareness and will be responsible for addressing environmental concerns for sub-projects potentially involving hundreds kilometers of distribution lines and DGS. They require robust support from senior management staff members and the management consultant if they are to address all environmental concerns for the subprojects effectively. Specific areas for immediate attention are to create post of Manager (Environment) experienced or trained in EMP auditing, environmentally responsible procurement, air, water and noise pollution management and ecological impact mitigation. It is recommended that an environmental specialist consultant with 07 years‟ experience be made available to all the DISCOS to cover these aspects full time for at least the first six months of the PDEMFF project and that on a call off basis with local support those services are retained for the life of the PDEMFF loan. The newly appointed graduate environmental manager can then shadow the environmental specialist to improve awareness and hopefully provide independent quality control and oversight for the EMP implementation for the first 12 months. 138. In order to achieve good compliance with environmental assessment principles the graduate environmental staff for the project implementation team must be actively involved, prior to the outset of the implementation design stage, to ensure compliance with the statutory obligations under the PEPA, 1997. It is also recommended that LESCO Board allow direct reporting to Board level from the in-house Environmental and Social Unit (ESU). ESU requires resources for LESCO own sub-projects then LESCO should hire Manager for environment & safeguard through the relevant project implementation unit to address all environmental aspects in the detailed design. It is recommended that the project management unit (PMU) should liaise directly with the ESU to address all environmental aspects in the detailed design and contracting stages. 139. The Manager for environment & safeguard will: a) work in the PMU with LESCO to ensure all statutory environmental submissions under PEPA and other environmentally related legislation are thoroughly implemented; b) work in the PMU with LESCO to ensure all environmental requirements and mitigation measures from the environmental assessment of sub-projects are included in the contract prequalification and bidding documents; c) work with LESCO to execute any additional IEE and IEE requirements needed due to fine tuning of the sub-projects and that environmental performance targets are included in the contracts prior to project commencement; d) work in the PMU with LESCO to ensure all environmental requirements and mitigation measures from the IEEs and environmental performance criteria are incorporated in the sub-project contracts or variations and that the EMP is effectively implemented; e) work with management (consultants), supervising consultant and contractors to manage and monitor the implementation of the project EMP. f) work with management to ensure that the Environmental Assessment Review Framework (EARF) is fully applied, adequately resourced and implemented for future Tranches of the PDEMFF.
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140. Overall implementation of the EMP will become LESCO‟s responsibility. The LESCO Board of Directors will be responsible to ensure that sufficient timely resources are allocated to process the environmental assessments and to monitor implementation of all construction and operational mitigation measures required to mitigate environmental impacts. Other parties to be involved in implementing the EMP are as follows: Contractors: Responsible for carrying out the contractual obligations, implementing all EMP measures required to mitigate environmental impacts during construction; and
Other government agencies: Such as regional EPA and state pollution authorities, Department of Forests, Department of Wildlife Services, who will be responsible for monitoring the implementation of environmental conditions and compliance with statutory requirements in their respective areas and local land use groups at the local level.
141. Considering that other government agencies that need to be involved in implementing the EMP, training or harmonization workshops should be conducted for all ESUs in LESCO every six months or twice each year, for the first 2 years (and annually thereafter) to share the monitoring report on the implementation of the EMP in LESCO and to share lessons learned in the implementation and to achieve a consistent approach decide on remedial actions, if unexpected environmental impacts occur.
142. The monitoring plan (Table 5.2) is designed and based on the project cycle. During the design stage, the monitoring activities will focus on (i) checking the contractor‟s bidding documents, particularly to ensure that all necessary environmental requirements have been included; and (ii) checking that the contract documents‟ references to environmental mitigation measures requirements have been incorporated as part of contractor‟s assignment and making sure that any advance works are carried out in good time. Where detailed design is required (e.g. for power distribution lines and avoidance of other resources) the inclusion and checking of designs must be carried out. During the construction period, the monitoring activities will focus on ensuring that environmental mitigation measures are implemented, and some performance indicators will be monitored to record the subprojects environmental performance and to guide any remedial action to address unexpected impacts. Monitoring activities during project operation will focus on recording environmental performance and proposing remedial actions to address unexpected impacts.
143. At this stage, due to the modest scale of the new power distribution projects and by generally keeping to non-sensitive and non-critical areas the construction and operational impacts will be manageable. No insurmountable impacts are predicted providing that the EMP is implemented to its full extent and become part of the contract documents. However experience suggests that some contractors may not be familiar with this approach or may be reluctant to carry out some measures. In order that the contractors are fully aware of the implications of the EMP and to ensure compliance, it is recommended that environmental measures be coasted separately in the tender documentation and that
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IEE of Power Transformer’s Augmentation & Extension Subprojects LESCO payment milestones are linked to environmental performance, vis a vis carrying out the EMP.
144. The effective implementation of the EMP will be audited as part of the loan conditions and the executing agency must be prepared for this. In this regard the LESCO (the IA) must be prepared to guide the design engineers and contractors on the environmental aspects.
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IEE of Power Transformer’s Augmentation & Extension Subprojects LESCO
Table 5.2: Monitoring Plan for Performance Indicators
Environmental Performance indicator (PI) Frequency to monitor Timing to check PI Locations to Responsible to Cost of Resp PI Cost of Supervision concern implement PI implement PI Implementation supervision DESIGN and PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE 1. Review of EMAP Environmental Management During detailed design By completion of All project Contractor Initially DISCO‟S, ESIC cell staff cost Action Plan (EMAP) is (later monthly by detailed design. alignment DISCO‟S Cell / ESIC cell / reviewed Contractor to cover any later Contractor ADB* unidentified impacts) cost 2. Social Impacts Inventory of losses, Property Completed prior to Before removal of APs according DISCO‟S Cell DISCO‟S Cell DISCO‟S ESIC cell staff cost and Resettlement acquisition, compensation commencement of houses and to RP & LAFC. staff cost /ADB* and resettlement completed construction structures. to RP requirements. 3. Project disclosure Design changes notified During detailed design Completion of All project Contractor Contractor cost DISCO‟S & ESIC cell staff cost by Contractor to cover detailed design. alignment. ESIC cell / any access roads and ADB* alignment changes, additional Villages. 4. Environmentally Contract follows ADB Once, before Contract Before Contract is Method DISCO‟S Contractor cost DISCO‟S DISCO‟S Cell staff Responsible Guidelines on ERP. is signed. signed. Statements Project Cell. ESIC cell / cost Procurement. (ERP) Performance bond. include ADB*. Deposited resources for Contractual clauses include mitigation implementation of measures. environmental mitigation measures tied to a performance bond. 5. Waste disposal Disposal options for all Monthly or as required 1.Prior to detailed Locations DISCO‟S cell ESIC cell ESIC cell DISCO‟S waste transformer oil, in waste management design stage no later approved by with the design residually contaminated plan to identify than pre- local waste consultant. soils, scrap metal agreed sufficient locations for, qualification or disposal with DISCO‟S and local storage and reuse of tender negotiations authorities. authority.. transformers and 2. Include in recycling of breaker contract. oils and disposal of transformer oil, residually contaminated soils and scrap metal “cradle to grave”.
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IEE of Power Transformer’s Augmentation & Extension Subprojects LESCO
2. Include in contracts for unit rates for re- measurement for disposal. 3. After agreement with local authority, designate disposal sites in the contract and cost unit disposal rates accordingly. 6. Noise and air Design changes included in During detailed design Completion of As defined in DISCO‟S Cell / Contractor cost DISCO‟S / DISCO‟S Cell staff quality mitigation in EIA (supplementary) & by Contractor. detailed design. EIA Contractor /ADB* cost design. EMAP approved by (supplementary) MOEST. & EMAP. 7. Hydrological Temporary Drainage During detailed design One month before Considered Contractor Contractor cost DISCO‟S / DISCO‟S Cell staff Impacts Management plan. by Contractor and commencement of locations to be and DISCO‟S cost monthly to cover any construction as identified in Project Cell. unidentified impacts the Detailed Drainage Report. 8. Temporary Erosion Control and During detailed design One month before All stream and Contractor. Contractor cost DISCO‟S / DISCO‟S Cell staff drainage and Temporary Drainage updated by Contractor construction river crossings and DISCO‟S cost erosion control completed. monthly to cover any commences. and where Project Cell. unidentified impacts. slopes indicate erosion will be a problem. 9. Planning Use of land agreed with During detailed design One month before Locations Contractor Contractor cost DISCO‟S / DISCO‟S Cell staff construction camps surrounding residents & updated by Contractor construction agreed DISCO‟S Cell and DISCO‟S cost Villages. monthly to cover any commences. DISCO‟S cell in facilitates. Project Cell. unidentified impacts. consultation with community and the Contractor. 10.Traffic Condition Temporary Pedestrian and During detailed design One month before Locations Contractor Contractor cost DISCO‟S / DISCO‟S Cell staff Traffic Management Plan updated by Contractor construction agreed with and DISCO‟S cost agreed. monthly to cover any commences. DISCO‟S cell in Project Cell. unidentified impacts. consultation with community and the Contractor.
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IEE of Power Transformer’s Augmentation & Extension Subprojects LESCO
11. Institutional 1. Strengthening plan agreed 1. Once, 1. As soon as Throughout the DISCO‟S DISCO‟S Cell DISCO‟S / /ADB cost of IES & strengthening and for DISCO‟S cell. 2. Once practicable project Project Cell. staff cost and /ADB*. support for 1 month capacity building US$25,000 2. International environment 3. Ongoing 2, 3, 4. No later than specialist (IES) one month before 4. Ongoing 3. Increase staffing of Contract award. DISCO‟S Cell. 4. Train DISCO‟S Cell officials. CONSTRUCTION STAGE 1.Orientation for 1. Contractor agreed to 1. Once 1. Before contract is All BOT staff Contractor with Contractor cost DISCO‟S and DISCO‟S Cell staff Contractor, and provide training to 2. Ongoing signed members in all IES assistance DISCO‟S to cost Workers professional staff and 3. Ongoing 2. Before categories. and record observe and workers. construction areas monthly details. record 2. Special briefing and are opened up induction and success training for Contractor 3. Every six months six month completed. refresher course 3. Periodic progress review sessions. 2. Plans to control 1. Drainage Management Deliverable in final One month before All of DISCO‟S Contractor Contractor cost DISCO‟S DISCO‟S Cell staff environmental plan form to DISCO‟S cell construction alignment. Project Cell. cost impacts 2. Temp. Pedestrian & one month before commences. Traffic Management plan, construction 3. Erosion Control & Temp. commences for any Drainage plan given stretch. 4. Materials Management plan, 5. Waste Management plan; 6. Noise and Dust Control plan, 7. Safety Plan 8. Agreed schedule of costs for environmental mitigation.{N.B. Forest Clearance and Compensatory Planting plan is prepared by DISCO’S cell}
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IEE of Power Transformer’s Augmentation & Extension Subprojects LESCO
3. Water quality Meaningful water quality Once (line item when During detailed Locations to be Independent Contractor cost DISCO‟S / DISCO‟S Cell staff monitoring up and opening up design by provided with experienced DISCO‟S cost downstream during construction near water Contractor and the detailed laboratory. Cell. construction within 100m of bodies). update to cover any designs rivers. Rapid reporting and unidentified including all feedback by DISCO‟S. impacts. bridges during construction within 100m of rivers 4. Water Resources 1. Availability of water 1. Monthly Prior to submission All local water Contractor Contractor cost DISCO‟S and DISCO‟S Cell staff acceptable to community. 2. Monthly of progress reports. supply DISCO‟S cost No complaints. resources and Cell 2. Guidelines established to rivers. minimize the water wastage during construction operations and at worker camps. 5. Spoil disposal and 1. Use of land agreed with Monthly (line item Prior to All DISCO‟S Contractor Contractor cost DISCO‟S and DISCO‟S Cell staff construction waste surrounding residents & when opening up construction. alignment. DISCO‟S cost disposal Villages. construction). Update monthly. Cell 2. Waste Management Plan implemented. 3 No open burning 6. Noise Noise mitigation measures Monthly (line item Maximum allowable All DISCO‟S Contractor Contractor cost DISCO‟S / DISCO‟S Cell staff implemented in line with when opening up noise levels are alignment. should maintain DISCO‟S cost guidelines for noise construction). 45dB(A)LEQ. at the accepted Project Cell reduction from sensitive receptors standards will monitor ISO/TR11688-1:1995(E) sample activities. 7. Air quality Noise and dust control plan Monthly (line item Prior to All DISCO‟S Contractor Contractor cost DISCO‟S and DISCO‟S Cell staff implemented. when opening up construction. alignment. DISCO‟S cost construction). Update monthly. Cell 8..Soil Contractors workforce to Monthly (line item Prior to All DISCO‟S Contractor Contractor cost DISCO‟S and DISCO‟S Cell staff Contamination instructed and train handling when opening up construction. alignment. DISCO‟S cost of chemicals construction). Update monthly. Cell 9. Work Camp 1. Use of land agreed with Monthly (line item Prior to All DISCO‟S Contractor Contractor cost DISCO‟S and DISCO‟S Cell staff Location and surrounding residents & when opening up construction. alignment. DISCO‟S cost Operation Villages. construction). Update monthly. Cell
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IEE of Power Transformer’s Augmentation & Extension Subprojects LESCO
2. Waste Management Plan implemented. 3 No open burning 10. Safety Safety Plan submitted Once (update monthly One month before All DISCO‟S Contractor. Contractor cost DISCO’S / DISCO‟S Cell staff Precautions for as necessary) construction and alignment. (ESIC cell to cost Workers update quarterly. actively supervise and enforce. 11. Social Impacts 1. Local labour is used and Monthly (line item During construction. All DISCO‟S Contractor Contractor cost DISCO‟S and DISCO‟S Cell staff workforce when opening up Update monthly. alignment. DISCO‟S cost 2. Local educated people for construction). Cell office work. 3. Complaints on construction nuisance damages close to ROW are responded to promptly by the Contractor. 4. Quarterly meetings with local VILLAGE for liaison purposes to monitor complaints. 12. Enhancements Contractor has included for Once (update monthly One month before All DISCO‟S Contractor. Contractor cost DISCO’S / DISCO‟S Cell staff some enhancements in as necessary) construction and alignment. (DISCO‟S cost detailed designs Including update quarterly. Cell to planting of trees in addition actively to bioengineering such as in supervise and median enforce. OPERATIONAL STAGE 1. Air Quality 1. Roadworthiness of 1. Roadworthiness of During operation. 5 locations on Contractor Contractor cost DISCO‟S / DISCO‟S Cell staff vehicles on DISCO’S. vehicles on DISCO’S DISCO‟S and ESIC cost
2. Monitor NO2 and PM10 as Daily during alignment Cell indicators. operations nearest 2. Yearly intervals for 3 settlements. years after opening for reassurance. 2. crops and 1. Follow up on Tree 1) Quarterly 1) Throughout All DISCO‟S Contractor ESIC Cell DISCO‟S MOFSC and vegetation Clearance and 2) Quarterly project alignment. DISCO‟S Cell staff Compensatory Planting 3) Quarterly 2) Each of three cost.
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IEE of Power Transformer’s Augmentation & Extension Subprojects LESCO
Plan. 4) Quarterly years after initial 2. Records on survival of planting. planted trees. 3) Continuous for 3. The compensatory three years after planting maintained project completion 4. Audited report by ESIC 4) For four years cell for on site and off-site after initial compensatory planting. clearance of the forest.
Summary of Estimated Costs for EMP of LESCO Activities Description Estimated Cost Pak. Rs. US $ Monitoring As detailed under EMP 7600000 80,000 activities Mitigation As prescribed under 2850000 30,000 measures EMP and IEE Capacity building Training for Staff & 1995000 21,000 Program Management Transportation Transportation for field 1710000 18,000 visits Contingency contingency 665000 7,000
Total 14,820,000 1,56,000 1US $ = 95 Pak Rupees
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IEE of Power Transformer’s Augmentation & Extension Subprojects LESCO
6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE
145. The public consultation process with various stakeholders for Tranche–III has been approached so as to involve public and other stakeholders from the earliest stages. Public consultation has taken place during the planning and design and viewpoints of the stakeholders have been taken into account and their concerns and suggestions for possible improvements have been included where appropriate. Much of the public consultation process to date has revolved around concerns for the mitigation of construction impacts and the possible side effects from the proximity of DGS. Public consultation has therefore been conducted for the sub-station and line sub-projects that may incur some impacts over land outside existing sub-station and that PC is reported in the dedicated IEEs for those sub-projects. There is also ongoing consultation for land acquisition and resettlement (LAR) and the completion of the Resettlement Plan (RP) is documented separately. It is expected that this process will continue through all stages of the sub-projects in order to accommodate stakeholders' aspirations and to orient the stakeholders positively towards the project implementation and where possible to harness co-operation over access issues in order to facilitate timely completion.
146. The Tranche-III Augmentation and Extension sub-projects the whole of each sub- project in design, construction and operational stages is only likely to affect the areas within the DGS premises. There are unlikely to be any significant impacts outside the DGS except for perhaps temporary minor inconveniences to traffic when new transformers are transported to site. Therefore LESCO is the major relevant stakeholder and LESCO are in favor of and support their own sub-project proposals. However some consultation was also conducted with residents and other stakeholders near the LESCO augmentation sub-projects and the major concerns of the public, based on consultation at the substation projects, seems to be to get employment in the construction phases.
6.1 Grievance Redress Mechanism
147. In order to receive and facilitate the resolution of affected peoples‟ concerns, complaints, and grievances about the project‟s environmental performance an Environmental Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) will be established for the project. The mechanism will be used for addressing any complaints that arise during the implementation of projects. In addition, the GRM will include a proactive component whereby at the commencement of construction of each project (prior to mobilization) the community will be formally advised of project implementation details by Environment Specialist of DISCO, Environment Specialist of SMEC, the Design and Supervision Consultant (DSC) and Environmental Specialist of the contractor (designs, scheduled activities, access constraints etc.) so that all necessary project information is communicated effectively to the community and their immediate concerns can be addressed. This proactive approach with communities will be pursued throughout the implementation of each project.
148. The GRM will address affected people's concerns and complaints proactively and promptly, using an understandable and transparent process that is gender responsive, culturally appropriate, and readily accessible to all segments of the affected people at no costs and without retribution. The mechanism will not impede access to the Country‟s judicial or administrative remedies.
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IEE of Power Transformer’s Augmentation & Extension Subprojects LESCO
6.2 Redress Committee, Focal Points, Complaints Reporting, Recording and Monitoring
149. The Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM), which will be established at each project level is described below:
150. EA will facilitate the establishment of a Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) and Grievance Focal Points (GFPs) at project location prior to the Contractor‟s mobilization to site. The functions of the GRC and GFPs are to address concerns and grievances of the local communities and affected parties as necessary.
151. The GRC will comprise representatives from local authorities, affected parties, and other well-reputed persons as mutually agreed with the local authorities and affected persons. It will also comprise the Contractor‟s Environmental Specialist, SMEC‟s Environmental Specialist and PIU Safeguards/Environmental Specialist. The role of the GRC is to address the Project related grievances of the affected parties that are unable to be resolved satisfactorily through the initial stages of the GRM.
152. EA will assist affected communities/villages identify local representatives to act as Grievance Focal Points (GFP) for each community/village.
153. GFPs are designated personnel from within the community who will be responsible for i) acting as community representatives in formal meetings between the project team (contractor, DSC, PIU) and the local community he/she represents and ii) communicating community members‟ grievances and concerns to the contractor during project implementation. The number of GFPs to be identified for each project will depend on the number and distribution of affected communities.
154. A pre-mobilization public consultation meeting will be convened by the EA Environment Specialist and attended by GFPs, contractor, DSC, PIU representative and other interested parties (e.g. District level representatives, NGOs). The objectives of the meeting will be as follows:
(i) Introduction of key personnel of each stakeholder including roles and responsibilities; (ii) Presentation of project information of immediate concern to the communities by the contractor (timing and location of specific construction activities, design issues, access constraints etc.) This will include a brief summary of the EMP - its purpose and implementation arrangements; (iii) Establishment and clarification of the GRM to be implemented during project implementation including routine (proactive) public relations activities proposed by the project team (contractor, DSC, PIU) to ensure communities are continually advised of project progress and associated constraints throughout project implementation; (iv) Identification of members of the Grievance Redress Committee, and (v) Elicit and address the immediate concerns of the community based on information provided above.
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IEE of Power Transformer’s Augmentation & Extension Subprojects LESCO
155. Following the pre-mobilization public consultation meeting, environmental complaints associated with the construction activity will be routinely handled through the GRM as explained below and shown on Figure 6.1.
(i) Individuals will lodge their environmental complaint/grievance with their respective community‟s nominated GFP. (ii) The GFP will bring the individual‟s complaint to the attention of the Contractor. (iii) The Contractor will record the complaint in the onsite Environmental Complaints Register (ECR) in the presence of the GFP. (iv) The GFP will discuss the complaint with the Contractor and have it resolved; (v) If the Contractor does not resolve the complaint within one week, then the GFP will bring the complaint to the attention of the DSC‟s Environmental Specialist. The DSC‟s Environment Specialist will then be responsible for coordinating with the Contractor in solving the issue. (vi) If the Complaint is not resolved within 2 weeks the GFP will present the complaint to the GRC. (vii) The GRC will have to resolve the complaint within a period of 2 weeks and the resolved complaint will have to be communicated back to the community. The Contractor will then record the complaint as resolved and closed in the Environmental Complaints Register. (viii) Should the complaint not be resolved through the GRC, the issue will be adjudicated through local legal processes. (ix) In parallel to the ECR placed with the Contractor, each GFP will maintain a record of the complaints received and will follow up on their rapid resolution. (x) EA will also keep track of the status of all complaints through the Monthly Environmental Monitoring Report submitted by the Contractor to the DSC and will ensure that they are resolved in a timely manner.
Affected Person through GFP
Contractor Redressed
Not Redressed
Resolve with Implementation (DSC) Consultant Redressed
Not Redressed
Appeal to Grievance Redress Committee Redressed
Not Redressed
Grievance Redress Committee Redress Grievance Resolve through Local Legal Process
Figure 6.2 Grievance Redress Mechanism
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IEE of Power Transformer’s Augmentation & Extension Subprojects LESCO
7. FINDINGS RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
7.1 Findings and Recommendations 156. This study was carried out at the planning stage of the project. Predominantly secondary data and site reconnaissance was used to assess the environmental impacts. The potential environmental impacts were assessed in a comprehensive manner. The report has provided a picture of all potential environmental impacts associated with the sub-projects, and recommended suitable mitigation measures. This study recommends that some further follow up studies are undertaken during project processing in order to meet the ADB requirements. 157. There are some further considerations for the planning stages such as obtaining clearance for the project under the PEPA, 1997 but environmental impacts from the Tranche-III extension and augmentation sub-projects will mostly take place during the construction stage. There are also some waste management issues for the construction and operational stage that must be addressed in the detailed design and through environmentally responsible procurement. At the detailed design stage the number of and exact locations for transformer extensions and augmentations and other enhancements may change subject to detailed surveys but the impacts are likely to be broadly similar at most locations and impacts have been reviewed in the environmental impact section of this IEE report. 158. The Tranche-III Augmentation & Extension sub-projects require a number of key actions in the detailed design phase. Prior to construction the LESCO must disclose the projects to Pak-EPA and receive clearance certification from the PEPA. LESCO may need to complete an EMP that will be accepted by the EPA and agreed by the contractor prior to signing the contract. The information provided in this report can form the basis of any further submission to provincial EPA as required in future. 159. The Augmentation & Extension sub-projects are restricted to the enhancements indicated in this report but further details are required if land is required or for any other improvements for the DGS where land acquisition, resettlement and compensation may need to be considered. Based on the other sub-projects providing further documentation for any new future proposed sub-projects should not be difficult tasks and this can be conducted as the detailed designs are worked out and to dovetail with the existing system and minimize adverse impacts and maximize benefits. Social impact assessment and due diligence has been completed in tandem with this IEE for relevant sub-projects. 160. During the commissioning phase waste disposal monitoring should ensure that statutory requirements have been met. Monitoring activities during project operation will focus on periodic recording environmental performance and proposing remedial actions to address any unexpected impacts.
7.2 Conclusion 161. There are no insurmountable environmental impacts for the Tranche-III Augmentation & Extension sub-projects that are feasible and sustainable options from the
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IEE of Power Transformer’s Augmentation & Extension Subprojects LESCO power distribution, engineering, environmental, and socioeconomic points of view. Implementation of the EMP is required and the environmental impacts associated with the sub-project need to be properly mitigated, and the existing institutional arrangements are available. Additional human and financial resources will be required by the LESCO to implement the subprojects and incorporate the recommendations effectively and efficiently in the contract documents, which should be linked to payment milestones. The proposed mitigation and management plans are practicable but require additional resources. 162. This IEE, including the EMP, should be used as a basis for an environmental compliance program and be included as an Attachment to the contracts. The EMP shall be reviewed at the detailed design stage. In addition, any subsequent conditions issued by provincial EPA as part of the environmental clearance should also be included in the environmental compliance program. Therefore, continued monitoring of the implementation of mitigation measures, the implementation of the environmental conditions for work and environmental clearance, and monitoring of the environmental impact related to the operation of the Tranche-III Augmentation & Extension sub-projects should be properly carried out and reported at least twice per year as part of the project performance reports.
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Annexes
Annex-I Locations/Layout Maps of Augmentation & Extension Sub-Project
132Kv Grid Station PWR (Extension)
I-1
132Kv Shahdara New Grid Station (Augmentation)
I-2
132Kv Farooqabad Grid Station (Augmentation)
I-3
132Kv Fort Grid Station (Augmentation)
I-4
132Kv Kasur Grid Station (Extension)
I-5
132Kv Khuddian Grid Station (Augmentation)
I-6
132Kv Sharaqpur Grid Station (Extension)
I-7
132Kv Sheikhupura Grid Station (Augmentation)
I-8
132Kv War Burton Grid Station (Extension)
I-9
132Kv Deepalpur Grid Station (Extension)
I-10
132Kv Okara City 2 Grid Station (Augmentation)
I-11
132Kv Walgon Sohail Grid Station (Extension)
I-12
Annex-II Photographs of the DGS
132Kv Kuddian Grid Station
132Kv PWR Grid Station
132Kv ShiekhuPura Grid Station
132Kv SharaqPur Road Shiekupura Grid Station
132Kv Farooqabad Grid Station
132Kv Fort Grid Station
132Kv Warburton Grid Station
132Kv Shadrah Grid Station
132Kv Kasur City II Grid Station
Annex-III Section of the Typical Bunds for Transformers
Section of the Typical Bunds for Transformers