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15 S E R I E Seminarios y conferencias International migration and development in the Americas Symposium on International Migration in the Americas San José de Costa Rica, September 2000 Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)/ Population Division, Latin American and Caribbean Demographic Centre (CELADE) International Organization for Migration (IOM) Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) Santiago, Chile, December 2001 This publication has been made possible by financial support from the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). The latter contributed through a non-reimbursable technical cooperation agreement (ATN/SF-7060-RG "Latin American and Caribbean Symposium on International Migration in the Americas"). This Symposium on International Migration in the Americas was organized by ECLAC – acting through its Population Division, the Latin American and Caribbean Demographic Centre (CELADE) – in conjunction with IOM. It received valuable sponsorship and financial support from IDB, the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and the Government of the United States. The Government of Costa Rica provided generous hospitality in hosting the meeting. Publication of this book was the responsibility of Jorge Martínez Pizarro, in conjunction with Leandro Reboiras Finardi, consultants in the IDB-CELADE agreement. This document has not been subjected to editorial review; the opinions expressed herein are the authors’ exclusive responsibility and do not necessarily coincide with those of the Organization. United Nations Publication LC/L. 1632-P Original: SPANISH ISBN: 92-1-321934-2 ISSN: 1680-9033 Copyrigth © United Nations, December 2001. All rigths reserved Sales Nº S.01.II.G.170 Printed in United Nations, Santiago, Chile Applications for rights to reproduce this work are welcomed and should be sent to the Secretary of the Publications Board, United Nations Headquarters, New York, N.Y.10017, U.S.A. Members states and their governmental institutions may reproduce this work without prior authorization, but are requested to mention the source and inform the United Nations of such reproduction. CEPAL - SERIE Seminarios y conferencias Nº 15 General contents Abstract .......................................................................................... 5 Prologue ......................................................................................... 7 Introduction ................................................................................... 9 Remarks by José Antonio Ocampo (Executive Secretary of ECLAC) at the inaugural session of the Symposium on International Migration in the Americas........................................................ 13 Part 1: Migratory trends and patterns in the Americas ... 19 A. Trends and patterns in the Americas ..................................... 21 A.1. International migration trends and patterns in Latin America and the Caribbean ......................................... 21 A.2 Trends and patterns of migration to and from Caribbean countries ................................................................................ 58 B. Migratory Information Systems............................................ 79 B.1 Migration information systems in Latin America: a challenge that is still to be faced at the beginning of the new millennium .......................................................... 79 B.2 SOPEMI. Continuous Reporting System on Migration ..... 101 C. Comments on sessions A and B .......................................... 121 C.1 Comments from Rosana Baeninger .................................... 121 C.2 Comments Re: a) Elizabeth Thomas-Hope Paper on "Trends and Patterns of Migration to and from Caribbean Countries." b) Diego López de Lera Paper on "SOPEMI. Sistema de Informacion Sobre Migracion." By: G. Edward Ebanks Population Studies Centre University of Western Ontario ................................................................................ 127 D. Chapter conclusions ............................................................ 133 3 International migration and development in the Americas Part 2: Relations between migration and development .......................................... 135 A. Impact of globalization and regional integration agreements in migrant origin and destination countries ....................................................................................................137 A.1 Globalization, regional integration and migrations............................................................137 A.2 International migrations and economic integration in the Southern Cone: notes for discussion ............................................................................................................158 B. Economic and technological changes in labour markets of origin and destination countries ....................................................................................................173 B.1 Migration and development the case of Mexico and United States...................................173 B.2 International migration, and economic integration and convergence ................................190 B.3 Economic and Technological Change, Labour Markets, and Migration: A Comment on Papers by Francisco Alba and Philip Martin ............................................208 C. Migration of skilled workers ..............................................................................................213 C.1 Thoughts on enhancing competitiveness throug a judicious use of the immigration system: a (primarily) U.S. perspective .........................................213 C.2 Brain drain, mobility and circulation: new forms of skilled migration .............................226 D. Social impact of migration .................................................................................................253 D.1 Confused borders: the social impact of migration .............................................................253 D.2 Social aspects of international migration: preliminary considerations ..............................272 E. Comments on sessions C and D .........................................................................................289 E.1 Comments by Tomás Palau ................................................................................................289 E.2 Comments by Fernando Urrea Giraldo ..............................................................................291 F. Conclusions ........................................................................................................................297 Part 3: Governance of international migration and multilateral diplomacy .......... 299 A. International migration and the summit of the Americas...................................................301 A.1 The Summit of the Americas (Santiago, 1998). Migrant worker initiative put into effect ...301 A.2 International Migration and the Summit of the Americas..................................................319 A.3 Comment by Juan Martabit ................................................................................................324 A.4 Comment by Manuel Ángel Castillo..................................................................................324 B. Multilateral consultation on international migration .........................................................327 B.1 Reflections on the "Puebla Group": in pursuit of an pending dialogue .............................327 B.2 The Lima Declaration of 1999, and its aftermath ..............................................................337 C. The role of international agencies and non-governmental organization ............................341 C.1 Speech by the Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs of El Salvador ........................................341 C.2 The role of non-governmental organizations: the experience of the Puebla Process ........345 D. Comments on sessions B and C .........................................................................................349 D.1 Comment by Marguerite Rivera-Houze .............................................................................349 D.2 Comment by Mary García Castro ......................................................................................350 E. Chapter conclusion ............................................................................................................ 357 Part 4: The economic and social significance of migration ................................... 359 A. Migrant remittances and networks .....................................................................................361 A.1 Migration and remittances: a Caribbean case-study of the Caribbean ..............................361 A.2 Productive use of remittances in Central America, the Dominican Republic and Mexico: recent experiences. ........................................................................................381 A.3 Comment by Pablo Serrano Calvo. Remittances: the economic and social counterpart of migration ............................................................393 B. Migrant communities .........................................................................................................397 B.1 Transnational communities and migration in the age of globalization ..............................397 B.2 Immigrant organizations and networks in Argentina .........................................................417
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