Global Migration and Regionalization, 1840-1940
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An Overview of Hakka Migration History: Where Are You From?
客家 My China Roots & CBA Jamaica An overview of Hakka Migration History: Where are you from? July, 2016 www.mychinaroots.com & www.cbajamaica.com 15 © My China Roots An Overview of Hakka Migration History: Where Are You From? Table of Contents Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 3 Five Key Hakka Migration Waves............................................................................................. 3 Mapping the Waves ....................................................................................................................... 3 First Wave: 4th Century, “the Five Barbarians,” Jin Dynasty......................................................... 4 Second Wave: 10th Century, Fall of the Tang Dynasty ................................................................. 6 Third Wave: Late 12th & 13th Century, Fall Northern & Southern Song Dynasties ....................... 7 Fourth Wave: 2nd Half 17th Century, Ming-Qing Cataclysm .......................................................... 8 Fifth Wave: 19th – Early 20th Century ............................................................................................. 9 Case Study: Hakka Migration to Jamaica ............................................................................ 11 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 11 Context for Early Migration: The Coolie Trade........................................................................... -
Past and Current Trends of Balkan Migrations
ESPACE, POPULATIONS, SOCIETES, 2004-3 pp. 519-531 Corrado BONIFAZI Istituto di Ricerche sulla Popolazione e le Politiche Marija MAMOLO Sociali IRPPS via Nizza, 128 Roma Italie [email protected] Past and Current Trends of Balkan Migrations INTRODUCTION There is hardly another region of the world aspects of the Balkans [Prévélakis, 1994], where the current situation of migrations is affecting their specific nature also with still considerably influenced by the past his- regard to migration. However, the migration tory as in the Balkans. Migrations have been outlook of the Balkans does not just involve a fundamental element in the history of the these flows, which in some respects tend to Balkans, accompanying its stormy events reflect the movements de l’histoire de [Her√ak and Mesi´c, 1990] and obviously longue durée, but it is rather much more continuing to do so, even at the start of the structured and complex. Focusing for the new millennium. For centuries, invasions, moment on the most recent period, together wars, military defeats and victories have with the forced migrations caused by the been a more or less direct cause of popula- ethnic conflicts in the former Yugoslavia tion movements, in a continuous and still and the ethnic migrations followed by the ongoing transformation of the distribution collapse of the regimes created by “real and the overlapping of religions, languages, socialism”, we find both forms of labour ethnic groups and cultures [Sardon, 2001]. migration and transit migration. Therefore, Since the arrival of the Slav populations in the Balkans are also characterised by many the 7th century, the Ottoman expansion, the of the typical elements of the current forms extension of the Hapsburg domain, the rise of mobility in Eastern and Central Europe and growth of national states, the two World [Okólski, 1998; Bonifazi, 2003]. -
Two Centuries of International Migration
IZA DP No. 7866 Two Centuries of International Migration Joseph P. Ferrie Timothy J. Hatton December 2013 DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit Institute for the Study of Labor Two Centuries of International Migration Joseph P. Ferrie Northwestern University Timothy J. Hatton University of Essex, Australian National University and IZA Discussion Paper No. 7866 December 2013 IZA P.O. Box 7240 53072 Bonn Germany Phone: +49-228-3894-0 Fax: +49-228-3894-180 E-mail: [email protected] Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. -
European and American Immigration Policies*
EUROPEAN AND AMERICAN IMMIGRATION POLICIES* PHILIP L. MARTINt AND MARION F. HOUSTOUN** I. INTRODUCTION Most of the world's 4,500,000,000 people never leave their country of birth. Those crossing national borders include five major groups: immigrants leaving one country to settle in another, refugees unwillingly fleeing their native land, workers temporarily living and working outside their country of citizenship, and temporary visitors--primarily students, business travelers, and tourists. In addi- tion to these legal migrants, people cross national borders illegally or enter a country legally (e.g., as a tourist) but later violate the terms of their legal admis- sion (usually by working). The magnitudes of these migrations are not known with certainty. Each year about 1,000,000 people leave one country to begin life as immigrants in another., The world's refugee population fluctuates, but has been in the 11,000,000 to 18,000,000 range during the 1970's.2 Another 20,000,000 to 30,000,000 persons live and work outside their country of citizenship, half as legal "guestworkers" and half as "illegal aliens."' 3 Since many countries do not record the entry and exit of temporary visitors from certain other countries, the number of tourists and other temporary visitors is not known, but probably exceeds several hundred million.4 Until the 19th century, "international migration" was of little concern because traditional migration, whether for economic betterment or to flee war or persecu- tion, did not involve the crossing of highly regulated national borders. Between 1840 and 1930, Europe, then the world's most densely populated region, sent more than 50,000,000 migrants to the Americas, South Africa, and Oceania.5 Within Copyright © 1983 by Law and Contemporary Problems * The ideas and opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the institutions with which they are affiliated. -
(IOM) (2019) World Migration Report 2020
WORLD MIGRATION REPORT 2020 The opinions expressed in the report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Organization for Migration (IOM). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IOM concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries. IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society. As an intergovernmental organization, IOM acts with its partners in the international community to: assist in meeting the operational challenges of migration; advance understanding of migration issues; encourage social and economic development through migration; and uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants. This flagship World Migration Report has been produced in line with IOM’s Environment Policy and is available online only. Printed hard copies have not been made in order to reduce paper, printing and transportation impacts. The report is available for free download at www.iom.int/wmr. Publisher: International Organization for Migration 17 route des Morillons P.O. Box 17 1211 Geneva 19 Switzerland Tel.: +41 22 717 9111 Fax: +41 22 798 6150 Email: [email protected] Website: www.iom.int ISSN 1561-5502 e-ISBN 978-92-9068-789-4 Cover photos Top: Children from Taro island carry lighter items from IOM’s delivery of food aid funded by USAID, with transport support from the United Nations. © IOM 2013/Joe LOWRY Middle: Rice fields in Southern Bangladesh. -
Migration and Integration in Europe, Southeast Asia, and Australia
15 mm front 153 mm 8 mm 13 mm 8 mm front 153 mm 15 mm 15 mm GLOBAL ASIA 6 GLOBAL ASIA Pietsch & Clark (eds) Publications Migration and Integration in Europe, Southeast Asia, and Australia: A Comparative Perspective brings together a group of scholars from a wide range of disciplines to address crucial questions of migration flows and integration in Europe, Southeast Asia, and Australia. Comparative analysis of the three regions and their differing approaches and outcomes yields important insights for each region, as well as provokes new questions and suggests future avenues of study. Juliet Pietsch is a Senior Lecturer at the School of Politics and International Relations, Australian National University. Southeast Asia, and Australia Migration and Integration in Europe, Marshall Clark is a Senior Lecturer at the Research School of Humanities and the Arts of the Australian National University in Canberra. Edited by Juliet Pietsch and Marshall Clark Migration and Integration 240 mm in Europe, Southeast Asia, and Australia A Comparative Perspective ISBN: 978-90-8964-538-8 AUP.nl 9 7 8 9 0 8 9 6 4 5 3 8 8 15 mm Migration and Integration in Europe, Southeast Asia, and Australia Publications The International Institute for Asian Studies is a research and exchange platform based in Leiden, the Netherlands. Its objective is to encourage the interdisciplinary and comparative study of Asia and to promote (inter)national cooperation. IIAS focuses on the humanities and social sciences and on their interaction with other sciences. It stimulates scholarship on Asia and is instrumental in forging research networks among Asia Scholars. -
VA Foundation for the Humanities | Gold Rush MASTER
VA Foundation for the Humanities | Gold Rush MASTER NATHAN: Major funding for BackStory is provided by an anonymous donor, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the University of Virginia, the Joseph and Robert Cornell Memorial Foundation, and the Arthur Vining Davis Foundations. JOANNE: From the Virginia Foundation for the Humanities, this is BackStory. ED: Welcome to BackStory, the show that explains the history behind today's headlines. I'm Ed Ayers. JOANNE: I'm Joanne Freeman. NATHAN: And I'm Nathan Connolly. JOANNE: If you're new to the podcast, we're all historians and each week we explore the history of one topic that's been in the news. NATHAN: And we're going to start off today in Coloma, California a little town up in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada. 170 years ago this month, a man named James Marshall was working outside a sawmill. He saw something about the size of a pat of butter glinting under the water flowing from the mill. He called to a man named James Brown, who was working on the mill. MALE SPEAKER: Mr. Marshall called me to him. I went and found him examining the bedrock. He said, "this is a curious rock, I'm afraid that it will give us some trouble." Said I to him, "What makes you think so?" He said he had seen the blossom of gold. JAMES That sun-struck speck of gold would spark the biggest mass migration of humanity by sea DELGADO: since the Crusades. ED: That's maritime archaeologist James Delgado, and that mass migration he's talking about, that's, of course, the California Gold Rush. -
The Sinews of Spain's American Empire: Forced Labor in Cuba from the Sixteenth to the Nineteenth Centuries1
chapter 1 The Sinews of Spain’s American Empire: Forced Labor in Cuba from the Sixteenth to the Nineteenth Centuries1 Evelyn P. Jennings The importance of forced labor as a key component of empire building in the early modern Atlantic world is well known and there is a rich scholarly bibliog- raphy on the main forms of labor coercion that European colonizers employed in the Americas—labor tribute, indenture, penal servitude, and slavery. Much of this scholarship on forced labor has focused on what might be called “pro- ductive” labor, usually in the private sector, and its connections to the growth of capitalism: work to extract resources for sustenance, tribute, or export. This focus on productive labor and private entrepreneurship is particularly strong in the scholarship on the Anglo-Atlantic world, especially the shifting patterns of indenture and slavery in plantation agriculture, and their links to English industrial capitalism.2 The historical development of labor regimes in the Spanish empire, on the other hand, grew from different roots and traversed a different path. Scholars have recognized the importance of government regulations (or lack thereof) as a factor in the political economy of imperial labor regimes, but rarely are 1 The author wishes to thank the anonymous readers and the editors at Brill and Stanley L. Engerman for helpful comments. She also thanks all the participants at the Loyola University conference in 2010 that debated the merits of the first draft of this essay, as well as Marcy Norton, J.H. Elliott, Molly Warsh and other participants for their comments on a later draft presented at the “‘Political Arithmetic’ of Empires in the Early Modern Atlantic World, 1500–1807” conference sponsored by the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture and the University of Maryland in March 2012. -
European Emigration Records
BYU Family Historian Volume 6 Article 6 9-1-2007 European Emigration Records George R. Ryskamp Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/byufamilyhistorian Recommended Citation The BYU Family Historian, Vol. 6 (Fall 2007) p. 31-42 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in BYU Family Historian by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. EUROPEAN EMIGRATION RECORDS GEORGE R. RYSKAMP In one of the greatest migrations the world has seen, approximately 55 million Europeans emigrated between 1821 and 1924. The vast majority went to the Americas— 33 million to the United States, 5.4 million to Argentina, 4.5 million to Canada, 3.8 million to Brazil, and the rest in smaller but significant numbers to countries from Mexico to Chile as well as to Australia and other Pacific Rim countries. During that period, a large but unnumbered group migrated from one area in Europe to another. These immigrants melded with indigenous peoples and previous immigrants to enrich and forever change the recipient countries and their cultures. While Ireland, Germany, Italy, and England top the list in terms of numbers departing, every country in Europe contributed to the flow.1 These statistics and associated studies are only a black-and- white sketch of the rich tapestry of individual experiences that make up this great migration.2 For genealogists and social historians alike individual emigrant stories, like that of Luisa Cervizzo and her husband Raffaele Ponticelli, are as important as the statistics, giving faces and a sense of reality to the emigration experience. -
People on the Move
GERMAN HISTORICAL INSTITUTE WASHINGTON, D.C. ANNUAL LECTURE SERIES No. 6 PEOPLE ON THE MOVE Migration, Acculturation, and Ethnic Interaction in Europe and North America DIRK HOERDER With Comments by Donna Gabaccia and James Oliver Horton PROVIDENCE / OXFORD German Historical Institute Washington, D.C. Annual Lecture Series No. 6 PEOPLE ON THE MOVE: Migration, Acculturation, and Ethnic Interaction in Europe and North America Dirk Hoerder Comment Donna Gabaccia Migration toward a New World Order A Comment James Oliver Horton BERG Providence / Oxford First published in 1993 by Berg Publishers 221 Waterman Street, Providence, RI 02906 U.S.A. 150 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JJ, UK for the German Historical Institute 1607 New Hampshire Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009 U.S.A. © German Historical Institute 1993 Printed in the United States of America Introduction Topics related to the history of migration have been discussed in our Annual Lectures a number of times: In 1987, Bernard Bailyn examined the role of Protestant peasants and Jewish intellectuals in the peopling of America; in 1988, Carl Degler compared the thought of two major immigrant scholars on culture and race; in 1989, Kathleen Conzen analyzed the meaning of assimilation theory for our understanding of the experience of the German peasant pioneer. In the year of the Columbian Quincentennial, it seemed appropriate to probe, once again, the theme of "people on the move." Looking at current events in Europe, it is quite clear that the consequences of migration, namely acculturation and ethnic interaction, are problems of European as well as American history. Five hundred years ago, the peoples of the Old World first encountered the peoples of the world across the Atlantic-a world that was an old world in its own right but that soon received the label "New World" by the newcomers. -
History 305W/405: the Maritime Atlantic World in the Age of Sail, 1450-1850
History 305W/405: The Maritime Atlantic World in the Age of Sail, 1450-1850 Professor Michael Jarvis [email protected] Mondays 2:00-4:40 pm Office: Rush Rhees 455 Rush Rhees 362 Phone: 275-4558 Office Hours: Wed. 2:00-4:00 or by appt. Scope of Course: The study of European expansion into Africa and the Americas between the ages of Discovery and Revolution has taken many forms. Some historians have pursued their investigations topically (slavery, migration, economic development, gender, class formation, etc.) while others have focused on particular colonies or regions, often with nationalistic, political or cultural motivations. Indeed, considerably more attention has been devoted to those colonies and regions that became the United States than elsewhere, due primarily to the fact that this country has produced so many historians. This course breaks with past tradition by shifting the focus of inquiry to the Atlantic Ocean itself, as the geographic center of an expanding European world. Rather than treat the ocean as peripheral while studying the settlement of the Atlantic coast, we will be primarily concerned with activities that took place upon its watery face, delving into the lives of the thousands of mariners who were catalysts in identity formation, migration, and economic development. Adopting a transnational and cross-culturally comparative and connective approach, we will focus particularly on three topics: migration (forced and free), maritime activities (seafaring, shipping, and fishing), and commerce (port cities and merchant communities), admittedly with a bias toward an expanding British Empire in the 17th and 18th centuries. By the end of this course, you will hopefully appreciate the centrality of the sea and maritime enterprises to the histories of Africa, Europe, and the Americas. -
The Genetic Diversity of the Americas
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by UCL Discovery Annu. Rev. Genom. Hum. Genet. 2017. 18:277–96. doi: 10.1146/annurev-genom-083115-022331 Copyright © 2017 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved Adhikari et al. The Genetic Diversity of the Americas Kaustubh Adhikari,1 Juan Camilo Chacón-Duque,1 Javier Mendoza-Revilla,1,2 Macarena Fuentes-Guajardo,1,3 and Andrés Ruiz-Linares1,4,5 1Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom 2 Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, 31, Perú 3 Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000009, Chile. 4Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, No 2005, Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200438, China;[email protected] 5Laboratory of Biocultural Anthropology, Law, Ethics, and Health (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Etablissement Français du Sang, UMR-7268), Aix-Marseille University, 13824 Marseille, France Keywords admixture, African slavery, European colonialism, genetic variation, demographic history, Native Americans Abstract The history of the Americas involved the encounter of millions of Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans. A variable admixture of these three continental groups has taken place between them throughout the continent, influenced by demography and a range of social factors. These events have had a major influence on the genetic makeup of populations across the continent. Here, we summarize the demographic history of the region, highlight some social factors that affected historical admixture, and review major patterns of diversity across the Western Hemisphere based on genetic data.