% LIBR AR USA GGSC FT LEAVENWORTH * IVO P3822. 1 AUG -3 1964
ACCESSION NO- PO REGISTR-FOREIGN MILITARY EQUIPMENT
1I «<5 k %
2D MARINE DIVISION FLEET MARINE FORCE
HEADQUARTERS XVIII AIRBORNE CORPS AND FORT BRAGG Port Bragg, North Carolina 28307
AJBGB-RA
SUBJECT: Foreign Military Equipment Handbook
TO: See Distribution List.
1. The enclosed equipment recognition plates are forwarded for your infoimation and retention.
2. Changes or additions will be promulgated when available.
FOR THE COMMANDER:
JAMES K. PIPER 2d Lt, AGC Asst Adjutant General
HEADQUARTERS 2d Marine Division, FMF Camp Lejeune, North Carolina 28542 DivO P3822.1 2/jws 24 Feb 1964
DIVISION ORDER P3822.1
From: Commanding General To: Distribution List
Subj: Foreign Military Equipment
End: (1) LOCATOR SHEET
1. Purpose* The enclosed equipment recognition plates depict military equipment known or suspected to be in the current inventory of the Cuban Armed Forces#
2. Information* Additional copies of the recognition plates are avail able upon request to the G-2 Section. Changes or additions will be pro mulgated, when available. Any previous editions of this booklet formerly titled irKnow Your Enemy" are cancelled.
3. Certification. Reviewed and approved this date.
^ XT'MCDONOUGI Chief of Staff
DISTRIBUTION: Special
FOREIGN MILITARY EQUIPMENT DISTRIBUTION:
CG, XVIII Abn Corps COMUSARCARIB (2 XVIII Abn Corps Chief of Staff CG, 1st US Army 1 G2 CG, 2d US Army 1 G4 CG, 3d US Army 1 G5 CG, 4th US Army 1 Engr CG, 5th US Army 1 XVIII Abn Corps Arty- CG, 6th US Army 1 AG Files CG, III Corps 1 DCSOFS CG, 1st Inf Div 1 CG, US Air Force CG, 2d Inf Div (1 CINCUSSTRICOM CG, 82d Abn Div CG, USCONARC CG, 101st Abn Div I CINCOSO 13th Air Force (1 CG, USA SPWAR Center 113th Air Wing (1 CG, MDW CG, Army War College USA Cmbt Dev Cmd Sp Doc & CG, Armed Forces Staff Col 8 Equip Gp 1 CG, Cmd & Gen Staff School Hq, TAC Air Command 2 CG, PM General School 81 CG, 1st Armd Div 1 CG, USA Cmbt Dev Cmd Mil Pol Intel Spt Cen, 319th MI Bn 1 Agency (l Med Info & Intel Agency Dir Naval Intel School. (l CO, 1st Psy War Bn 8 President Naval War College (l CO, 590th QPI Det (TI) CO, 5th Log Cmd (l DCO INT kSk TCW 8 CO, 1st MI Bn (1 3d Civil Affairs Det, Ft Clayton (1 CO, 313th USASA Bn (1 CIA, ATTN» OCR-Standard Distb 1 CO, 50th Sig Bn (1 CG, 1st Air Command Wing (TAC) 1 CO, 4th Trans Cmd (l USAF Howard AFB, Canal Zone 1 CG, JMFPAC (1 US Army Civil Affairs School 1 CG, 2d Armd Div (l CG, 4th Inf Div (1 CG, 5th Inf Div (Mech) (1 CG, III Corps Arty CO, 303d USASA Bn (1 CO, 1st Log Cmd 8 USA Cmbt Dev Cmd, SPWAR CO, 305th Psy War Bn . (1 Agency (l CO, US Army Foreign Science & FTIO, Aberdeen Proving Technology Center Grounds (l CG, 11th Air Assault Div 81
FOREIGN MILITARY EQUIPMENT PUTE NO.
INFANTRY WEAPONS
1* Pistols and Revolvers 2. Rifle FN, ML949 Cal, 30 (7.62mm) 3* 9mm UZI Submachine Gun 4. 9mm Submachine Gun M23 and M25 5* 7*62 Semiautomatic iiifle Model 52 6. Heavy Machine Guns and Small Arms Ammunition 7» Submachine Guns and Light Machine Guns 8. 7.62mm Light Machine Gun Model 52 9* Grenades 10. Antitank Launcher RPG-2 11. RPG-2 12. RPG-2 13• U.S. 3»5-in. Rocket Launcher, 1120 14. U.S. 75^nm Recoiless Rifles, T21 and M20 15* 82-jnm Recoiless Gun 16. 60-mm Mortar M-19 17* 81-mm Mortar 18. 4»2-in. Mortar M-30 19• British 3-in. Mortar-Mks 4 and 5 20. Italian Sl-inm Mortar-Model 1935 21. 82-mm Mortar M1941 22. 7•92-mm Heavy Machine Gun, ZB-37 • 23. , U.S. 57~mn Recoiless Rifles, T13 and MIS , 24* To be published 25. To be published ANTI-AIRCRAFT
^c. 12.7mm Heavy Machine Gun DShK Ml938 27. Quad 12.7-mm AA Heavy Machine Gun DShK (Annotated View) 23. Quad 12.7-ram AA Heavy Machine Gun DShK (Three Ground Shots) 29. 14.5-ram Heavy Machine Gun, ZPU-2 and 2PU-4 30. 20-mm Oerlikon Antiaircraft Gun Model 5TG on Mount 6JLV 31. Twin 30-mm Antiaircraft Gun M53 37-mm Antiaircraft Gun Ml939 (Annotated View) 33. 37-mm Antiaircraft Gun LO-939 (Two Ground Shots) 34. 57-Jam Antiaircraft Gun SP 35. 57-nm Antiaircraft Gun (S-60) 36. 85-ram Antiaircraft Gun Ml939 37. 100-mm Antiaircraft Gun KS-19 Guided Missile System,- Surface-to-Air, SA-2 GUIDELINE To be published 40. To be published
Artillery Characteristics 4 2 m 12C-mm Mortar i 0.932 i 43. 160-mm Mortar M1953 44. 57-mm Gun M1943 45. 76-mm Mountain Gun/Howitzer KL938 46. 76-mm Gun M1942 (ZIS-3) 47. 85-mm Field Gun I>-44 48. 85-mm Field Gun 49. 105-mm Howitzer (105/14) M1956 50. 122-mm Howitzer M1938 (M-30) 51. 122-mm Field Gun M1931/37 52. 122-mm Field Gun M1954 53. 122-mm Field Gun M1955 54. 130-mm Field Gun 55. 152-mm Gun-Howitzer M1937 (ML-20) 56. 130-mm Rocket Launcher (32 round), RM-130 57. 132-rnm Rocket Launcher (16 round), M-13 58. FR0G-1 59. FROG-2 60. FR0G-3 and FR0G-4 61. To be published 62. To be published 63. To be published 64. To be published 65. To be published ARMORED VEHICLES
66* 57-rom Assault Gun ASU-57 67. 85^nm Assault Gun M1943 SU-85 68* 100-mm Assault Gun M1944 SU-100 69. 122-mm Assault Gun JSU-122 (A-19S) Assault Gun JSU-122 (D-25S) 70. PT-76 71. 77-mm Gun Tank COMET Mk 1 72. T-34 (85) Medium Tank 73• T-54 Medium Tank 74• JS-2 Heavy Tank 75• Light Armored Car, MS 76. Amphibious Armored Personnel Carrier, BTR-50P 77* Unidentified 8-wheeled Amphibious Armored Personnel Carrier 78• Armored Personnel Carrier BTR-152 79. Armored Personnel Carrier BTR-40 80. 75-nim Gun Tank, AMZ-13 81. 76-mm Gun Tank M4A3 (HVSS) 82. U.S. Scout Car White M3A1 83. Tank Mounted Flame Thrower, ATO-42 84. U.S. Ught Tank M3A1 (37mm) 85. U.S. Ughb Tank H5A1 (37wni)
TRANSPORT VEHICLES
86. Light Tracked Artillery Tractors AT-L and AT-L Modified 87. Medium Tracked Artillery Traqtor AT-S 88. GAZ-63 Cargo and Personnel Truck, 4x4 2-ton; TATRA 137 Cargo Truck, 4x4 6-ton; ZIL-157 Cargo Truck (5T) ii 89* TATRA Ill Cargo Truck, 6x6 10-ton 90. Tracked Amphibian K-61 91. Truck, Amphib, 6x6, ZIL-485 (BAV); Truck, Amphib, 4x4, GAZ-46 92. To be published 93* To be published
AIRCRAFT
94. BEAGLE 95. B-26 Invader 96. C-46 Commando 97. C-47 Skytrain 98. C-54 Skymaster 99. COLT AN-2 100. CRATE IL-14; BRISTOL BRITANNIA; FISHBED; COOT 101. F-47 Thunderbolt 102. F-51 Mustang 103. FAGOT (MIG-15) 104. FARMER (MiG-19) 105. FRESCO (MiG-17) 106. TBM Avenger 107. T-33 108. GST (U.S. PBY Catalina) 109. HARE (Mi-1) 110. HOUND 111. H-19 112. SEA FURY 113. VAMPIRE 3 114. CLAM IL-18 115. To be published 116. FISHBED-FISHPOT 117. To be published 118. To be published 119. To be published 120. To be published
UNIFORMS AND INSIGNIA
121. General Army Dress 122. Field Dress 123. Insignia of Rank 124. Position of Officer's Metal Rank Insignia 125. Aircraft Insignia 126. Standard Vehicle Marking
iii
PISTOLS AND REVOLVERS Pistols and revolvers no longer have great combat signifi cance in the Soviet Army, having been replaced by sub machine guns. Pistols and revolvers, however, are still carried by armored vehicle and aircraft crews, by staff officers, and by many service troops. The standard Tokarev pistol, a simplified version of the U. S. .45 Colt M1911, is made in caliber .30 and has no safeties except a simple half-cock notch on the hammer. The M1895 revolver, Russian-made from a Belgian Nagant design, is a double-action, over-complex 7.62-mm. weapon.
M1895 NAGANT REVOLVER TT M1933 TOKAREV PISTOL
Cuban forces also have American standard
PLATE I
OPERATING HANDLE
BAYONET LUG DETACHABLE MAGAZINE
1110 nan
7.8 mm.
Cal. .30 Ball Cartridge
PLATE 2 BELGIUM CAL. .30 (7.62-MM) SEMIAUTOMATIC RIFLE FN, M1949 FUSIL AUTOMA.TIQUE DE 7.62-MM MDDELE 19^9
The cal. .30 semiautomatic rifle is used in the Belgian Army. It is produced "by the Fabrique Nationale D'Armes De Guerre (FN) at Herstal-Lez- Liege in Belgium. The ML9^9 should not be confused with the FN light rifle used in Canada and the United Kingdom, which it resembles internally.
The rifle is gas-operated and has a tilting bolt, the rear, of which locks downward into a recess behind the magazine well. Although the magazine is detachable, it is normally loaded while in position on the rifle, using two 5-round chargers (clips). Cartridges can also be loaded into the magazine singly, which enables the soldier to refill a partly expended magazine during interruptions of fire. A last round stop holds the action open when the magazine has been emptied.
As a safety measure, the bolt can be closed without a cartridge in the chamber with a loaded magazine in place. The trigger mechanism can be, locked by an applied safety and a protruding indicator may be felt below the trigger guard when the hammer is cocked. This weapon is sold commercially to fire various cartridges and may be furnished with a selective-fire .trigger mechanism.
CHARACTERISTICS
System of operation Semiautomatic, gas operated Weight, loaded 4.56 kg (10 lb) Feed mechanism 10-round box magazine Sights - front Blade - rear Tangent leaf with aperture
Muzzle velocity 838 m/s (2750 fps) Effective rate of fire 30 rounds/min Effective range —— l<-57 m (500 yd)
Ammunition types Cal. .30 ball, tracer, AP, API, incendiary (same as U.S. cal. .30 rifle and machinegun) .Complete round weight Ball, 25.7 gm (397 gr) Tracer, 25.6 gm (396 gr) AP, 26.8 gm (Ul^- gr) API, 25.8 gm (398 gr) Incendiary, 25.I gm (388 gr) Bullet weight Ball, 9.8 gm (152 gr) Tracer, 9.8 gm (15& gr) AP, 10.9 gm (l68 gr) API, 10.1 gm (156 gr) . Incendiary, 9 gm"(1W gr) COCKING
GRIP SAFETY
SLING SWIVEL •* W: MM. ;'f MAGAZINE RELEASE FOLDING METAL STOCK
•29 mm (l.lk in)- 19 mni i (5-75 ln~
9 mm (0.35^ In).
9-mm Parabellum Cartridge
PLATE 3 9-MM UZI SUBMACHINEGUN
This 9-mm modern submachlnegun is standard in. West Germany, Holland, and Israel, and is offered for export "by the producer, Israeli Military Industries. In the design of the weapon consideration has "been given to safety and ease of handling as well as economical construction. The location of the feedway in the handgrip is a desirable feature since it provides firm support for the magazine, which has sometimes teen a weak point in guns of this class.
The UZI functions with the usual blowback action hut there jare no external moving parts during firing. The applied safety is actuated "by the fire selection button which, when set to the rear of the automatic and single- shot position, "blocks the trigger. The grip safety acts on the sear to pre vent cocking or firing until the grip is grasped. The center of gravity is above the pistol grip, an advantage when the gun must be carried or fired with, one hand.
A lug is provided for fixing a bayonet. The wooden stock is_ detachable as is also the folding metal stock found on some weapons. The cyclic rate of fire is 550-600 rounds per minute. Magazines holding 32 or ho rounds may also be svpplled.
CHARACTERISTICS
System of operation Blowback, selective fire Weight, loaded 1* kg (8.8 lb) Peed mechanism — 25-round box magazines Sights - front —— Blade - rear "L" type, apertures 100 and 200 m (109.5 and 218.7 yd)
Muzzle velocity — ——- — U35 m/sec (1427 fps) Effective rate of fire - semiautomatic — 50/ rounds/min - automatic ———————— — 100 rounds/min Effective range - semiautomatic -— — 200 m (218.7 yd) (aprx) - automatic ———————— — 100 m (IO9.3 yd) (aprx)
Ammunition type 9-mm parabellum Complete round weight 12.38 (191 gr) (aprx) Bullet weight —— 8.0Vgm (12k gr) (aprx) MASAZIKE FILLER
mGAZIKE BDlfSKD IN PISTOL GRIP
Weapon W/Folding Steel Stock
Weapon W/Fixed Wooden Stock
PLATE 4 9 mm Submachine Gun M23 and M25
System of Operation Straight blowback, selective semiautomatic and full auto fire Weight with loacea magazine (40 rd) & steel folding stock—Aprx 9 lbs Feeding Devices-- 24 & 40 rd box magazines Effective rates of fire 60-b0 rpm (semiautomatic) (est) y0-120 rpm (automatic)(est) Effective Ranges 220 yds (semiautomatic) (aprx) 110 yds (automatic)(aprx) METAL HANDGUARD
MAGAZINE
1000 mm
7.62-mm Ball Cartridge
PLATE 5 7.62mm Semiautomatic Rifle Model 52
Although called a carbine by the Czechoslovaks, the Model 52 performs a tatical role in the Czechoslovak Army equivalent to th£t of the caliber .30 Mll'and M14- rifles in the united States Army. It has greater-fire power, but a shorter accurate range than the Czechoslovak 7.92-mm bolt-action rifles it has replaced. The 7.62-mm Model 52 cartridge, for which this weapon is chambered, is "intermediate" in size andtis not inter changeable with any of the Soviet 7.62-mm cartridges or the 7.62 mm NATO cartridge. * The Model 52 rifle shows considerable German and United States infuuence in design, but very little Soviet influence. The weapon's tilting bolt with forward locking lugs is novel and apparently a native design. This weapon is the first Czechoslovak rifle to have a permanently attached folding bayonet. The Model 52 can be recognized by the;foldlng-blade-type bayonet, the metal upper handguard, and the prominent box magazine.
CHARACTERISTICS System ofl operation——————— Gas, semiautomatic only Weight, loaded——-——— ——— 9.b lbs Peed mechanism-——-— •—— 10-rd, double staggered-row detachable box magazine ' v' / (loaded w/5 rd chargers) Effective;fange——————— 500 yds Effective rate of fire-— — —- 36 rpm GORYUNOV HEAVY MACHINE MAXIM HEAVY MACHINE GUN MI943 GUN MI9I0 (ON SOKOLOV MOUNT)
MAXIM HEAVY MACHINE GUN M1910 (ON M1931 DUAL-PURPOSE MOUNT)
HEAVY MACHINE GUNS SMALL-ARMS AMMUNITION The Soviet troops' long-time favorite, and the heavy Soviet rifles, carbines, and machine guns fire a rimmed, machine gun currently available in the largest quantity, is bottle-necked 7.62-mm. (caliber .30) round. Such rimmed the 7.62-mm. M1910 Maxim. It is a reliable recoil-operated, ammunition is not well suited for use in automatic weapons. belt-fed gun, having a low cyclic rate of fire. Although a The basic round is the Ml908 (light ball) cartridge; the modern-type, dual-purpose mount was introduced in 1931 heavy Ml930 ball is used for heavy machine guns. and a telescopic sight was adopted, the ponderous, wheeled Pistols and submachine guns use the same rimless, bottle- Sokolov mount has remained the favorite. The Sokolov necked round of 7.62-mm. caliber. Other types of ammuni mount has inadequate traverse. tion provided for use by the Soviet Army are: 12.7-mm. After an abortive attempt, in 1940-41, to replace the (caliber .50) rounds for AA and aircraft machine guns; Maxim with the gas-operated, air-cooled Ml939 Degtyarev, 14.5-mm. (caliber .57) API rounds for AT rifles; and special a somewhat more successful replacement program was begun 7.62-mm. ammunition (with bullets sunk within the cartridge in 1943 with the Ml943 Goryunov. This weapon, outwardly cases) for the Ml895 Nagant revolver. similar to the M1939 Degtyarev, has a wheeled dual-purpose Ammunition is poor in quality. Even before World War mount, with shield, and a higher rate of cyclic fire than the II, the Soviets started a drive to conserve materials by sub Maxim. The air-cooled barrel is replaceable. The Ml943 stituting a steel cartridge case, with exterior copper wash, Goryunov, although not altogether popular in the Army, for the normal brass cartridge case. During the war, it was is currently in service. necessary to substitute some iron cases for those of steel.
COLOR OF TIP TYPE OF RUSSIAN OF BULLET ROUND DESIGNATION PLAIN ORDINARY BALL AMMUNITION Jl /
7.62MM 7.62MM 7.62 MM BLANK 12.7 MM I4.5MM VIOLET LONG-RANGE TRACER PISTOL NAGANT RIFLE RIFLE MACHINE ANTI-TANK GUN RIFLE ft SMG REVOLVER & MG VIOLET, WITH ARMOR-PIERCING INCENDIARY ROUNDS BULLET WITH TRACER B3T NO BULLET BLANK CARTRIDGE XB CARTRIDGE COLOR MARKINGS (7.62 mm RIFLE ft MG)
PLATE 6
DPM LIGHT MACHINE GUN COMPANY LIGHT MACHINE GUN Ml 946
DP LIGHT MACHINE GUN
SUBMACHINE GUNS LIGHT MACHINE GUNS The PPD-1940 submachine gun—developed in 1939- The light machine gun in widest use, the DP, is little 1940—could not be produced in sufficient quantity to meet changed from its original 1926/27 design. It has one rate the demands of World War II. When the Germans attacked, of fire, no change lever, and a drum magazine. The ingenious a new model was rushed into manufacture. Although this gas-operated action is sound, simple, and rugged. Place new model (PPSh-1941) was suitable for production under ment of the operating spring under the barrel causes the the emergency conditions of 1941-42, it is a heavy, clumsy, weapon to malfunction when it is overheated, and the maga inaccurate weapon. The change lever is marked "1" and zine is easily damaged, resulting in stoppages. This defect "71" for semiautomatic and automatic fire, respectively. is corrected in the 1944 DPM, in which the spring is mounted Later issues use the PPS-1943 curved, 35-round box in an extension to the rear of the receiver. magazine instead of the 71-round drum. The DT armored-vehicle machine gun is a modified DP The lighter PPS-1943—similar in design to the German with a 60-round drum, an adjustable shoulder stock, and a MP 40—supplemented the PPSh-1941 in 1942-43. The light bipod carried in the vehicle to permit use as a ground PPS-1943, which-has a folding stock and incorporates even gun when used off the vehicle. more stampings for ease of manufacture than the PPSh, has A new gun, the Company Light Machine Gun Ml94tf, a slower rate of cyclic fire than the PPSh. The PPS thus based upon war experience, is now beginning to replace the requires no change lever. DP series. This gun provides for an alternate belt/drum Submachine guns—issued to vehicle and weapons crews feed and allows a faster barrel change. The barrel and and to infantry and service troops—apparently were, in weapon are heavier than those of the DP series. Since the part, a wartime, easier-to-make substitute for rifles. The belt feed mechanism is detachable, 47-round DP drum submachine guns fire 7.62-mm. pistol ammunition. magazines can be used by adjusting the weapon's gas ports.
PPS M1943 PPS Ml 943 TOMMY GUN TOMMY GUN WITH STOCK FOLDED
DT TANK MACHINE GUN WITH GROUND BIPOD AS CARRIED IN VEHICLE
PPSh M1941 TOMMY GUN
PLATE 7 7.62mm DP LMG (USSR)
j 7.62-MM LIGHT MACHINE GUN MODEL 52
FIXED BARREL CHANGE/CARRYING HANDLE
REAR SIGHT
STAMPED RECEIVER HOUSING
59-7 nrai 7.Q mm
7.62-mm Ball Cartridge
PLATE 8 7.62-MM LIGHT MACHINE GUN MODEL 52
7.62-MM LEHKY KULOMET Vz 52
The Model 52 light machine gun is the base of fire for the Czechoslovak squad. The weapon fires the new Czechoslovak rimless Model 52 cartridge which is also used in the Model 52 semiautomatic rifle.
The Model 52 light machine gun is quite a versatile weapon; it can be fed from either a box magazine or a belt, without changing feed covers; it has a quick-change barrel and a selective-fire trigger (firing semiautomati- cally when the top half of the trigger is squeezed, or automatically when the bottom half is squeezed). The gun has an unusually high cyclic rate of fire—llUo rounds per minute—when using the belt.
Other features are the stamped steel receiver housing and the micro meter-adjustable rear sight.
CHARACTERISTICS
System of operation Gas, selective fire Weight w/o belt or magazine, w/bipod 8 kg (17.6 lb) Peed mechanism ———-— —---. 25-round box magazine or 100- round nondi 3 integrati ng metal link belt Sights - front Blade w/removable hood rear - Open U-notch, adjustable for ele vation and windage, graduated from 200 to 1200 m (219 to 1312 yd) Muzzle velocity — 7U7 m/s (2^50 fps) Effective range 800 m (875 yd) Effective rate of fire 100 - 125 rounds/min w/box maga zine, 300 rounds/min w/belt Ammunition Czechoslovak 7.62-mm Model 52 cartridge only Types Ball and tracer Complete round weight Ball, 18.2 gm (28l gr) (aprx) Tracer, 18.2 gm (28l gr) (aprx) Bullet weight Ball, 8.5 gm (130.6 gr) (aprx) Tracer, 8.6 gm (133 gr) (aprx).
(March - 1959) fastened to the grenade handle. The fuze functions upon GRENADES impact. The grenade is effective against armor up to 3.94 inches in thickness. Both types of RPG grenades are The Russians have always been fond of hand grenades. effective against concrete pillboxes. Like the RPG-43, the Their relative cheapness, ease, and speed of production have RPG-6 is thrown from cover because of its secondary frag made them popular with Soviet military planners. Soviet mentation effect. grenades generally are simple in operation, though sometimes The VPG-S-41, a rodded HEAT rifle grenade, is the only complicated in design. The grenades described here are known Soviet rifle grenade. It is launched by inserting the the principal Soviet types. rod in the bore of a rifle and firing a bulletless blank cartridge The Soviet Army stresses the effectiveness of hand-held in the rifle. The VPGr-S-41, which detonates upon impact, antitank grenades. Although grenade characteristics are has an armor penetration of 1.18 inches. not impressive on a chart, the weapon's combat value is con Improvised frangible incendiary grenades—the much- siderably enhanced by the use made of it by the Soviet publicized "Molotov Cocktails"—may be made from ordi soldier, with his propensity for close combat. nary vodka or beer bottles. A cup-type launcher may be The RPG-40 was the earliest AT hand grenade used by furnished for attachment to the muzzle of a M1891/30 rifle. the Soviets—except for the frangible "Molotov Cocktail." The rifle-launched frangible incendiary grenade, propelled The RPG-40 grenade, a simple HE head attached to a handle, by firing a blank cartridge, has ap. internal igniter. Hand- is used to attack the suspensions, tracks, engine compart thrown versions may have igniters secured to the sides. ments, and turret tops of light tanks and armored cars; it These igniters are lighted before being thrown. Bursters depends on its comparatively heavy .HE charge for blast are added when needed. effect. The grenade, which detonates on impact, has a The RGD-33, the first Soviet-designed, dual-purpose hand 25-yard bursting radius; it is, therefore, thrown only from grenade, has a 10-yard lethal radius as an offensive grenade cover. It is effective on light armor up to .98 inch in thick and, by addition of the fragmentation jacket, a 15-yard radius ness. It is also used for antipersonnel effect and against as a defensive grenade. It is armed by pulling the handle and pillboxes. head apart, then turning the handle to the right and easing The RPG-43 is a hollow-charge (HEAT) hand grenade, it down^ To render it safe when armed, the user moves the effective against armor up to 2.95 inches thick, and is thrown safety slide on the handle over the exposed red mark. The from cover because of its secondary fragmentation effect. It primer/detonator is then inserted into a well in the head. has a safety lever on the handle which is grasped and the The grenade is thrown with an overhand, jerky motion, which safety pin is removed. When the grenade is thrown, the shakes the handle off its notch and snaps it back into the safety lever flie9_off, and a spring forces the conical collar, head to ignite the primer. The fuze has a 3- to 4-second which is positioned on the handle of the grenade, off the delay. One to five grenade heads can be bound to a central handle to which it is still attached. Detonation occurs grenade for increased effect. When used with the fragmenta on impact. tion jacket, this grenade is thrown from cover. The RPGr-6, an improved HEAT hand grenade, has The F-l defensive fragmentation grenade is similar to the more penetrative power than the RPG-43. The user holds U.S. Mk. II. Removal of the safety pin (using the ring) and the lever safety while the safety pin is withdrawn. A release of the safety handle cause the grenade to explode stabilizing device, contained in the handle, consists of a after an average delay of 4.4 seconds. The F-l, like its weight and four canvas web bands, one end of which is U.S. counterpart, is thrown from cover.
RG-42 OFFENSIVE
GRENADE
VPG-S-41 HEAT RIFLE GRENADE FRAGMENTATION RPG-43 SLEEVE fuR RGD-33 HEAT HAND GRENADE
INSERTING PRIMER/DETONATOR RGD-33 COMBINATION INTO RPG-40 DEFENSIVE/OFFENSIVE HAND GRENADE RPG-6 HEAT MOLOTOV COCKTAIL HAND *x (COMBINATION HAND AND RPG-40 GRENADE RIFLE GRENADE) ANTITANK HAND GRENADE
F-1 DEFENSIVE HAND GRENADE RIFLE LAUNCHER FOR MOLOTOV COCKTAIL INCENDIARY GRENADE
PLATE 9
fastened to the grenade handle. The fuze functions upon GRENADES impact. The grenade is effective against armor up to 3.94 inches in thickness. Both types of RPG grenades are The Russians have always been fond of hand grenades. effective against concrete pillboxes. Like the RPG-43, the Their relative cheapness, ease, and speed of production have RPG-6 is thrown from cover because of its secondary frag made them popular with Soviet military planners. Soviet mentation effect. grenades generally are simple in operation, though sometimes The VPG-S-41, a rodded HEAT rifle grenade, is the only complicated in design. The grenades described here are known Soviet rifle grenade. It is launched by inserting the the principal Soviet types. rod in the bore of a rifle and firing a bulletless blank cartridge The Soviet Army stresses the effectiveness of hand-held in the rifle. The VPG-S-41, which detonates upon impact, antitank grenades. Although grenade characteristics are has an armor penetration of 1.18 inches. not impressive on a chart, the weapon's combat value is con Improvised frangible incendiary grenades—the much- siderably enhanced by the use made of it by the Soviet publicized "Molotov Cocktails"—may be made from ordi soldier, with his propensity for close combat. nary vodka or beer bottles. A cup-type launcher may be The RPG-40 was the earliest AT hand grenade used by furnished for attachment to the muzzle of a M1891/30 rifle. the Soviets—except for the frangible "Molotov Cocktail." The rifle-launched frangible incendiary grenade, propelled The RPGr-40 grenade, a simple HE head attached to a handle, by firing a blank cartridge, has an internal igniter. Hand- is used to attack the suspensions, tracks, engine compart thrown versions may have igniters secured to the sides. ments, and turret tops of light tanks and armored cars; it These igniters are lighted before being thrown. Bursters depends on its comparatively heavy. HE charge for blast are added when needed. effect. The grenade, which detonates on impact, has a The RGD-33, the first Soviet-designed, dual-purpose hand 25-yard bursting radius; it is, therefore, thrown only from grenade, has a 10-yard lethal radius as an offensive grenade cover. It is effective on light armor up to .98 inch in thick and, by addition of the fragmentation jacket, a 15-yard radius ness. It is also used for antipersonnel effect and against as a defensive grenade. It is armed by pulling the handle and pillboxes. head apart, then turning the handle to the right and easing The RPG-43 is a hollow-charge (HEAT) hand grenade, it downfc To render it safe when armed, the user moves the effective against armor up to 2.95 inches thick, and is thrown safety slide on the handle over the exposed red mark. The from cover because of its secondary fragmentation effect. It primer/detonator is then inserted into a well in the head. has a safety lever on the handle which is grasped and the The grenade is thrown with an overhand, jerky motion, which safety pin is removed. When the grenade is thrown, the shakes the handle off its notch and snaps it back into the safety lever flies, off, and a spring forces the conical collar, head to ignite the primer. The fuze has a 3- to 4-second which is positioned on the handle of the grenade, off the delay. One to five grenade heads can be bound to a central handle to which it is still attached. Detonation occurs grenade for increased effect. When used with the fragmenta on impact. tion jacket, this grenade is thrown from cover. The RPG-6, an improved HEAT hand grenade, has The F-l defensive fragmentation grenade is similar to the more penetrative power than the RPG—43. The user holds U.S. Mk. II. Removal of the safety pin (using the ring) and the lever safety while the safety pin is withdrawn. A release of the safety handle cause the grenade to explode stabilizing device, contained in the handle, consists of a after an average delay of 4.4 seconds. The F-l, like its weight and four canvas web bands, one end of which is U.S. counterpart, is thrown from cover.
RG-42 OFFENSIVE HAND GRENADE
VPG-S-41 HEAT RIFLE GRENADE FRAGMENTATION RPG-43 SLEEVE -FDR RGD-33 HEAT HAND GRENADE
INSERTING PRIMER/DETONATOR RGD-33 COMBINATION INTO RPG-40 DEFENSIVE/OFFENSIVE HAND GRENADE RPG-6 HEAT MOLOTOV COCKTAIL HAND (COMBINATION HAND AND GRENADE RIFLE GRENADE) ANTITANK HAND GRENADE
F-1 DEFENSIVE HAND GRENADE RIFLE LAUNCHER FOR MOLOTOV COCKTAIL INCENDIARY GRENADE
PLATE 9
ANTITANK LAUNCHER Rpp-2
GRENADE WARHEAD
FRONT SIGHT
TRIGGER GROUP
REAR SIGHT
INSULATED GUARD
LAUNCHER TUBE
95 cm
i " # s A.i—in > J »IV
PROFELLANT idia 80 mm (3.1^9 in)
'500 mm (19.69 in) 670 mm (26.38 in) — |PG-2 Antitank Grenade
PLATE 10 ANTITANK LAUNCH® RPG-2 PTHHOfl HPOTHBOTAHKOBIifJ ITAHATOMET >nr-2
This smooth-botfe weapon, -which is essentially a recoilless grenade JLauncher, is the standard Soviet"squad antitank weapon.' As such it is thife . tactical equivalent to the HEAT rifle grenade in the United States and British Annies. The fin-stabilized HEAT projectile is loaded into the muzzle; a stud in the projectile'niatches a plot cut in the muzzle of the launcher; thereby correctly positioning the round in the launcher. The warhead, which is approx imately 80 mm in diameter,'projects beyond the launcher tube. A percussion- * type firing mechanism is contained in a white metal pistol grip group. There' is a gas escape hole oil.the right-hand side of the weapon in the area of the pistol grip; this weapon therefore cannot be fired from the left shoulder.
'- The midsection of the weapon is covered-with an insulating .material to protect the user's face and shoulder. As with all recoilless weapons, the RPG-2 has a large and dangerous "baekflash" area. •
CHARACTERISTICS
Caliber of launcher tube-v- 1(0 mm (1.57 in) Weight - 2.75 kg (6.06 lb) Muzzle velocity -i———— 8^ s^s (276 fps) Effective range -——— 100 - 150 m (109 i Rate of fire Ik -- 6 rounds/min
Ammunition type —.— HEAT grenade Complete rotind weight 1.81). kg (l)-.07 lb) Projectile weight f— 1.62 kg (3.57 lb) Fuze type ————-j- ED 152 - 180 mm (6 - 7 in) at 0°
Fixed-post f front sight; folding' leaf rear sight with apertures for 50,100, and 150 m BPG-2 (USSR)
PLATE II
HPG-2 (USSR)
PLATE 12
U. S. 3.5-in. Rocket Launcher, M20
GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND COMMENT The 3.5-inch rocket launcher M20 is a smoothbore, breechloading, shoulder weapon of the open tube type. It is used to launch 3.5-inch smoke rockets and high explosive AT rockets against ground targets and can be fired from the standing, kneeling, sitting, or prone position. The rockets are fired electrically by a magneto-type firing mechanism in the trigger grip. It is equipped with an optical type reflecting sight having a bellows type rubber eyepiece. This launcher is a two piece aluminum alloy unit and can be disassembled for ease in carrying.
CHARACTERISTICS Caliber 3.5 in. Method of loading. Breechloading Operation Single-shot Effective range 200 yd Weight 15 1b Rate of fire 10 rpm Length: Armor penetration 11 in. at 0° assembled for firing 5 ft. in. Ammunition tvpes._ 3.5-in. rockets: HE, assembled for carry- 2 ft. 6 in. HEAT, SMOKE. ing.
UNITED STATES 3.5-IN. ROCKET LAUNCHER M20.
PLATE
U. S. 75-mm Recoilless Rifles, T21 and M20
GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND COMMENT The 75-mm rifles T21 and M20 are recoilless, portable weapons designed to be fired from the cal. .30 machine gun tripod M1917A1. Sighting and fire control equipment for either direct or indirect fire is furnished with each weapon. Ammunition for the rifles can be readily identified from fixed ammu nition of other types by the perforated cartridge case and a preengraved rotating band. The primary difference between the 75-mm rifles T21 and M20 is in the design of the chamber and breech block.
CHARACTERISTICS Caliber 75-mm (2.95 in.) Range: Operation Single-shot HEAT-T 7,000 yd Weight (w/sight bracket) HE, SMOKE 6,955 yd 114 lb, 8oz Smoke WP 7,020 yd Length 6 ft 10 in. Ammunition weights: Method of loading Breechloading Complete round 20.54 lb HEAT-T Type of breech block .. Interrupted Screw 21.86 lb HEAT Type of firing mecha Percussion Hammer 22.61 lb SMOKE nism Ammunition types,Fixed HE, HEAT-T, Smoke
RIGHT SIDE
LEFT SIDE
UNITED STATES 75-MM RECOILLESS RIFLES T21 AND M20.
PLATE I
82-MM RECOILLESS GUN
BREECH MECHANISM OPERATING HANDLE
OPTICAL SIGHTS
TOWBAR
ELEVATING HANDWHEEL
TRIPOD FRONT LEG
PLATE 15 82-MK RECOILLESS GUN i 82-MM 6E30TKATHQE OPTANE
The smooth-bore 82-nan recoilless gun is the Soviet tactical equivalent to the Soviet tactical equivalent to the United States 75-oa recoilless rifle. It fires fin-stabilized HEAT and HE projectiles. The weapon is mounted on a tripod-support- ed pedestal. Wheels similar to those used on Soviet machine gun mounts are fasten ed on an axle which is attached to the rear of the pedestal. The tripod legs are adjustable and can be moved to a horizontal position, so that the weapon has a low silhouette, or to a vertical position^ to allow the weapon a better field of fire. When the gun is in travel position, the tripod legs are drawn up under the muzzle end of the tube. The weapon can be muzzle towed by hand, using the towbars*
The weapon has a nultivented breech mechanism and an enlarged breech section, like United States recoilless rifles, ^t is elevated by a handwheel and traversed by the gunner's right arm. A multiperforated guard prevents the gunner's body from contacting the hot tube*
This weapon is in many ways a smaller edition of the 107-mm recoilless antitank gun.
CHARACTERISTICS
Weight, travel position • -85 kg (188 lb) Muzzle velocity— -HEAT, 320 m/s (1050 fps) Effective range against moving armor- -HEAT, 390 *(430 yd) Max. range with HE——- -4,470 m (4,890 yd) Rate of fire - -• • • - -6-7 rounds/min (est) 60mm MORTAR M19
(50-mm mortar, 3119, with 315 mount.
PLATE 16 General Data
Weights: Mortar, complete—-— •pounds— 1*5.2 Mortar, w/Ml base plate -pounds— 20.5 Barrel———-—- -pounds— 16.0 Bipod———— -pounds— 16.4 Base plate — —pounds— 12.8 Base plate, Ml—— -pounds— 4.5
Over-all length———inches— 32.5 Elevations, approximate: w/M5 mount (conven tional) ———-—-degrees— 40 to 85 w/Ml base plate——degrees— 0 to 85 One turn of elevating crank, (approximate) —degrees— i
Traverse, right or left, (approximate)——————mils— 125 One turn of handwheel, (approximate)—-—-—mils— 15
Rate of fire: Maximum—rounds per minute— 30 Sustained—-rounds per minute— 18 (Fifing at the maximum rate of fire for more than one minute will cause gas leakage around the base cap.)
Range: Maximum, approximate: HE, M49A2 yards— 2,000 Smoke, M302————yards— 1,600 Practice, M50A2—— —yards— 2,000 Training, M69— -—yards— 250 81-mm MORTAR, M-l
ELEVATING SCREW
ELEVATING CRANK
SIGHTING LINE
81-mm mortar, complete, with M4 sight.
GENERAL DATA Weight. Mortar complete 136.5 lbs. Barrel 44.5 ibs. Bipod 47.0 lbs. Base plate 45.0 lbs. Over-all length of mortar___ 49.5 in. Width in carrying position., 14.3 in. Maximum width 16.6 in. Over-all height on bipod 36.5 in. Length of traverse 4.8 in. Elevation (approximate) ___ 40 to 85 degrees Elevation for one turn of the elevating crank (approxi mate) 1/2 degree Total turns of handwheel for full traverse (approximate) 18 Traverse, right or left of center (approximate) 90 mils Total shift, right or left of center (approximate) 750 mils One turn of handwheel (ap proximate) 10 mils Rate of fire. Maximum 30 rds por min. Sustained 18 rds per min. Note. Firing for more than one minute at the maxi mum rates causes gas leakage at the base of the barrel. PLATE 17 81-MM MORTAR, M29
SHOCK ABSORBER
OUNT ATTACHMENT RIN6
ELEVATtNS SCREW
81-mm mortar, M20, complete, with M// sight.
General Specifications. Weights: Mortar, complete __ 115 lbs. Barrel _ 28 lbs. Bipod __ 40 lbs. Baseplate (complete) . ..47 lbs. Inner ring .24 lbs. Outer ring _ _ 23 lbs. Dimensions: Over-all length 51 ins. Width in carrying position. __ 14.3 ins. Maximum width 21.6 ins. Over-all height on bipod. _ __ 37.5 ins. Length of traverse 4.8 ins. Elevation: Elevation (aprx.) 40° to 85°. Per turn of elevating crank }->°m (aprx.). Shifts: Total turns of handwheel for 19. full traverse (aprx.). Traverse: Right or left from center (aprx.)_ 95 mils. Per turn of handwheel (aprx.).10 mils. Total by movement of bipod complete circle, w/o moving base plate. Rate of fire: Maximum 30 rds per min. Sustained. 18 rds per min. Tabulated Data
(1) Weight. Total of mortar M30 and mount M24A1 (with sighting equipment) — 639.5 lb — alternate manufac ture 671.0 lb Mortar M30 156.5 lb Standard assembly 59.5 lb Bridge assembly 169.0 lb Rotator assembly—57.5 lb—alter nate manufacture 89.0 lb Baseplate assembly 193.0 lb Sighting equipment 4.0 lb Total of mortar M30 and mount M24 (with sighting equipment) — 674.5 lb—alternate manufacture 699.0 lb Mortar M30 156.5 lb Standard assembly 59.5 lb Bridge assembly 169.0 lb Rotator assembly—57.5 lb—alter nate manufacture 89.0 1b Inner baseplate—125.0 lb—alternate manufacture 118.0 1b Outer baseplate ring assembly 103.0 lb Sighting equipment 4.0 lb (2) Elevation. Minimum 45 deg (800 mils) Maximum 58 deg 47 min (1,045 mils) Minimum (higher range) 51 deg 42 min (919 mils) Maximum (lower range) 52 deg 30 min (933 mils) (3) Traverse. Maximum right or left of center, using traversing handle 7 deg 2 min (125 mils) (4) Range. Minimum 850 yd Maximum 6,000 yd 4.2-INCH MORTAR M30 AND 4.2-INCH MORTAR MOUNTS M24 AND M24A1
CO 1/1
PLATE 18 BRITISH 3-INCH MORTAR- MKS 4 and 5
Caliber.••••«•• . .3 inches Max.Range 2,800 yds Rate of Fire. 10 rpm (aimed) Elevation limits .45° - 80° Traverse limits 36°
PLATE 19
ITALIAN 81mm MORTAR-MODEL 1935 Caliber* ...... 81mm Method of Fixing...... •••••«•••••..«••••••••••••«..{^Drop Fire only Rate of Fire*...*.. .••••••18 Rpm (Practical) Elevation limits...... plus 40° to 90° Traverse limits. .*150 nHio Sight.. ..Optical Panoramic
PLATE 20 8lmm Mortar (ITALY) 82mm MORTAR Ml941
n simplified mortar having an ingenious mount that permits quick attachment of wheels for rapid displacement ovr.r relatively even ground. One man is capable of pulling this mortar. When placing this weapon in the firing position, the bipod legs are unfolded and the wheels are removed.
CHARACTERISTICS
Caliber 82mm Awzzle Velocity 692 fps(Max.) Range 3,326 yds Elevation 45° to 85° Traverse 50 Rate of fire !.!up to 25 rpm Tube length U8"
82MM MORTAR MI94I
PLATE 21
Czech 7.92-mm Heavy Machine Gun, ZB-37
GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND COMMENT This 7.92-mm ZB-37 heavy machine gun has selective slow (500 rpm) and fast (750 rpm) rates of fire and has been manufactured for export in other calibers ranging from 7-mm to 8.5-mm. The export version is often referred to as Model 53. Recognition features are the high front and rear sights when in raised position, the two retractable cocking handles under neath the rear of the receiver, the rectangular perforated barrel jacket, and the thick barrel (some models have plain barrels and some have ribbed barrels). Some models have a folding carrying handle forward of the receiver. A heavy 85.8 lb. tripod designated M45 has been used with the weapon.
CHARACTERISTICS
Caliber 7.92 (also 7-mm to Muzzle velocity 2,300 fps. 8.5-mm) Sights Front Blade with Operation Gas operated, air guard. Rear Folding cooled. leaf, 300-2,000 Weight (total traveling) 41.8 meters. lb. w/o tripod Effective range 1,200 yd. Length 43.5 in. Rate of fire 500 or 750 rpm. Method of loading 100 or 200 rd metallic Ammunition Any 7.92-mm Mauser link,belt. rimless service types.
HIGH FRONT SIGHT SLOTTED .RECTANGULAR AMMUNITION BELT BARREL JACKET EJECTION PORT
HEAVY SMOOTH TRIPOD BARREL ATTACHING FOLDING CARRYING HANDLE PINTLES
RETRACTABLE COCKING HANDLES RIBBED COOLING FINS
AMMUNITION FEEDWAY M 45 TRIPOD
CZECH 7.92-MM HEAVY MACHINE GUN, ZB-37.
PLATE 2 2 7.92 mm HMO ZB-3? (CZECH) U. S. 57-mm Recoilless Rifles T15E13 and M18
GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND COMMENT The 57-mm rifles M18 and T15E13 are recoilless portable weapons fired from a bipod, the shoulder, or the cal. .30 machine gun tripod M1917A1. Ammunition for the rifles can readily be identified from fixed ammuni tion of other types by the perforated cartridge case and pre-enisraved rotating band.
CHARACTERISTICS Caliber 57-mm Maximum range HE, Smoke.. 4,340 yd Operation single-shot HE, AT 4,300 yd Weight: Ammunition types HE, HEAT, Smoke (for shoulder firing) _. 44 lb 7 oz Ammuntion weight : (for mounting on Complete round 5.30 lb HE tripod) 40 lb 4 oz 5.64 lb HEAT Length 5 ft 1% in. 5.66 lb SMOKE Method of loading Breechloading
AS .FIRED FROM SHQUtOER
AS fIRfc.Q fRQM JiPQD
TliUiCOPf AA36C MOUNT, SIGHT M*/4 AS..fJ#50 «9M TRlPQ0.M0.gH3 ft A PG >07: MA
UNITED STATES 57-MM RECOILLESS RIFLES T-15E13 AND Ml8.
PLATE 23
i i
I2.7MM HEAVY MACHINE GUN DSHK MI938
Soviet 12.7-mm DShK Heavy Machinegun M38.
PLATE £6 12• /mu 'i'J~L. i'iiawxh j^'JShk ±"1193®
The 12.7mm DShk heavy machine gun is used primarily as an .'lA ^un for li^ht aa defense, sua on armored vehicles. Its A elimination mount is used fcr either AA or ground fire. For ^rounc fire, its three legs fold together to form a trail ana the two wheels ?->XLC a shield are fitted to it. For rut fire, the wheels ano shield .-re remo'/ed and the legs extended cc form a shoulder-hifih triped. It ia also counted on t-rrnks and SP gur.s as p defensive a no AA weapon.
mCa^iilSTlCS
Caliber 12.7mm Practical rate of fire 125 rpm Barrel length 39. V Muzzle Velocity 2,822 fps £ffectiv.~. ranfc-e 3,300 yds(ground; i a targets 3,000« QUAD 12.7-MM AA HEAVY MACHINE GUN DShK
AMMUNITION DRUM AA SIGHT
ELEVATING HANDWHEEL
GUNNER'S SO/iT
BOX FOR SPENT-BRASS
LEVELING JACK
, :
1^6 ram
108 mm*
• 22-mm
12.98 ram dia Heads tamp 12.7-mm API-T Cartridge
PLATE QUAD 12.7-MMAA HEAVY MACHINE GUN DShK
This weapon is composed of four Soviet-type M1938/46 DShK machine guns. It is used for protection of supply columns and gun positions against low- level aircraft attack.
The DShK M1938/46 is basically the same as the DShK M1938 except for its feed mechanism. The DShK's do not have quick-change barrels. The pedestal- type mount has two detachable wheels, a tripod base with leveling jacks,and a single bucket seat for the gunner, who traverses, elevates, sights, and fires. The gunner uses a handwheel for elevation, and moves his feet around the mount base to traverse the weapon. The weapon can track targets at speeds up to 258 meters per second. The practical rate of fire per gun is claimed as 200 to 300 rounds per minute but is severely limited by the small ammunition drum capacity (50 rounds). The cyclic rate is 540 to 600 rpm per gun. The mount is capable of +90 elevation and 3^0° traverse. CHARACTERISTICS System of operation Gas Weight, travel position 640 kg (l4ll lb) Feed mechanism 50-round linked belt in drum for each gun Sights: iron — AA ring sight w/hooded front poet optical 2.5-power telescope Muzzle velocity 860 m/s (2822 fps) w/AP Effective range: vertical 915 m (3000 ft) horizontal "t)00 m (2187 yd) Practical rate of fire rounds per gun/min Ammunition types: Czechoslovak ; "AP and AP-T Soviet AP, API-T, and API Complete round weight : Czechoslovak AP, 131 gm (2021 gr) AP-T, 127 gm (1960'gr) Soviet AP, 140 gm (2160 gr) API-T, 130 gm (2000 gr) API, 132 gm (2040 gr) Bullet weight: Czechoslovak • AP, 49.5 gm (iSk gr) AP-T, 4-5.5 gm (702 gr) Soviet — AP, 51 gm (788 gr) API-T. 44 gm (68l gr) API, 48 gm (745 gr) Armor penetration w/AP round — Aprx 18 mm (0.71 in) at 0° at 600 yd 12.7om AA KG (USSR)
PLATE 28 12.7 mm AA MG f!'3SR) 14.5mm HEAVY AA MACHINE GUN, ZPU-2 AND ZPU-4
This 14.5mm machine gun is mountec in multiples of two anfi four on wheeled carriages for AA use. The ZPU-2 consists of two machine guns mounteo sice-by-side on a two-wheeled carriage. The ZPU-4 is four weapons mounted on a light four- wheeled carriage. These carriages may be towed by a truck and are lifted from their wheels by leveling jacks when in firing position. Recognition features are the large ammunition boxes on either side of the gun, and on the ZPU-4^the large drum on which the guns are mounted. These weapons are not oelieved to be effective against fast-flying aircraft,
C RARA CTiiRISTIC S Caliber 14.5mm Practical rate of fire 250 rpm Barrel length 52" nuzzle velocity .!!!!!!!!!!3200 fps Effective vertical range 3,500' Effective horizontal range 3,000 yds
14.5MM HEAVY ANTI-AIRCRAFT MACHINE GUN ZPU-4
PLATE 29
20-MM OERUKON ANTIAIRCRAFT GUN SWITZERLAND MODEL 5TG ON MOUNT 6JLA
ANTIAIRCRAFT SIGHT
MAGAZINE
GAS CYLIKDSR i
20-mm APHE-t Round
PLATE 30 SWITZERLAND
20mm 0EELIK0N ANTIAIRCRAFT GUN
This weapon is a gas-unlock antiaircraft weapon with a much higher muzzle velocity and rate of fire than did the earlier Oerlikon 20mm guns.
The barrel of this weapon can be changed rapidly without the aid o& special tools and a spare barrel is carried with each gun. Elevation and traverse are accomplished manually by one man, who also sights and fires the weapon. In firing position the wheels are removed, giving the weapom a low silhouette. Because of the low silhouette the 20mm has good potential as an antipersonnel weapon and also should be effective against lightly armored vehicles.
CHARACTERISTICS
Weight 425 lbs Elevation -5 to plus 85° Traverse 360° Muzzle velocity...... ,3642 fps Max.Horizontal Range.. .7655 yds Max.Vertical Range.... ,10,170 ft. Eff.AA Range .5,000 ft. Practical Rate of Pire 250 rds per minute Peed Mechanism...... 50-round drum magazine Sights.... .Ring-type course and speed TWIN 30-MM CZECHOSLOVAKIA ANTIAIRCRAFT GUN M53
TWIN BARRELS MUZZLE BRAJK
LOADING TRAY
HANDBRAKE
SINGLE WHEELS,
No photograph of ammunition available
PLATE 31 Tviifc 30011a wi'iAinCi^PT H53
The Czech twin 30mm h*>. gun has been to^eo by track.'i'he &uns are mountec In ring-type trunx:lexis. Ten-round clip? fs;G aarauiiitioii through the fcrux.i.icns to the guns.'The left tiun is fee froui the left sic'?, the right r~un froia the rl,/ht sice. Elevation and traverse are probably acoojiplishec hy- c.ri4ulic*illy, with.an electric actor supplying power to the hyclr^ulic ur.it. The weapon, 1.? -reaotely controlled. Chiii^CT'.ililiTICS
Weight... *pp.5000 lbs ilevaticn -10 to 90° Traverse. 360° i'luszle Velocity 3000 fps Maximum horizontal range 7000 yds via x iin urn vertical range.. 18,000' effective aa range 7,000' Hate of fire practical 120 rpra per gun aaxirau$.. 60C rpm per gun Auiuvjxiition...... Fixed 37MM AUTCKATIC ANTIAIRCRAFT GUN M1939
This light antiaircraft gun is used in all tvpes of line divisions as well as in antiaircraft divisions and in the air defense force.
This gun is based on the well-known ^Omm antiaircraft gun which it closel" resembles in outward appearance. It is elevated and traversed b^ double hand wheels instead of bv cranks and sometin.es it is provided with a shield.
CHARACTERISTICS
Caliber 37mm (1.^-6") Muzzle velocity 2,887' fps Vertical range 19,685' Horizontal range 8,7*+8 vds Length of tube w/flash hider 101.96" height in firing position k ,630 lhs Weight of HE projectile 1.61 lbs Rate of fire 160 to 180 rpm Elevation 5° to -85° Traverse 360°
37MM ANTIAIRCRAFT GUN MI939
PLATE 32 37mm AA Gun M1939 (USSE 37mm AA Gun MI939 (USSR)
PLATE 33
TWIN 57-MM SELF-PROPELLED U.S.S.R. ANTIAIRCRAFT GUN
Ov*,IJARE TURRET INTERNAL MANTLET
OUR DOUBLE ROAD WHEEI
19'8«
dia-82 mm
dia-131 mm
8*3"
&
l 1 I l-i 1 1 I 1
• Front Rear
10*8"
PLATE 34 TVW 57MM SELF-PRQPT3LLKD Kk GUN
This weapon consists of two 57®ra antiaircraft guns mounted in a lightly armored open turret, and a redesigned T-5^ tank chassis. The 57mm guns are modified versions of the Soviet towed antiaircraft guns, model S-60.
CHUUCTERISTICS
Maximum Road Speed... 30 nph Cruising Range. ....250 mi Maximum Trench 8' 10" Armament 2 I 57MM W guns Rounds Carried .....320 (Est) Muzzle Velocity 3281 fps Rate of Tire 105-120 rpm per tube Accessory "Equipment Radio, 10-RT 57-MM ANTIAIRCRAFT GUN S-60
EQUILIBRATORS HAUDWHEELS THREE SEATS
TBAVEL LOCK ' FOILING OUTRIGGER
4390 ram
•MUZZLE BRAKE LOADING TRAY
57~mm HE Round
PLATE 35
85-mm Antiaircraft Guns Ml939 and M1944
[85-MM 3EHMTHAH nVIIlKA oop. 1939 r.] [85-MM 3EHMTHAH J.TVUIKA o6p. 1944 r.J
mmmrnmmmssssss^
85MM ANTIAIRCRAFT GUN MI939
PLATE 36 85-MM ANTIAIRCRAFT GUN M1939 This weapon has a multlbaffle muzzle brake, CHARACTERISTICS
Caliber...••••••••••...... 85mm Muzzle velocity...... 2.625 ttra Vertical range 34,^8' Horizontal Range .16,950 yds Length of tube 174" Rate of fire .15-20 rpm Elevation ...... 3° to +82° Traverse 3 60°
/ 100-MM ANTIAIRCRAFT GUN KS-19 U.S.S.R.
FUZE SETTER MUZZLE BRAKE EQ.UILIBRATORS LOADING TRAY
ROUND HOLDER
OUTRIGGER W/ LEVELING JACK
1100 ram 99.8 ram dia 700 mm
1>0 mm
100-MM HE Round
(December - 1958)
PLATE 37 U.S.S.R. 100-MM ANTIAIRCRAFT GUN KS-19
The modern features of the Soviet 100-mm antiaircraft gun KS-19 indicate that it is substantially superior to the older Soviet 85-mm antiaircraft guns. The carriage of the 100-mm gun, mounted on four single wheels, resembles that of the Soviet 85-mm antiaircraft guns, but is of heavier construction to sup port the increased weight of the larger gun platform and equipment.
The weapon has a power rammer, an on-carriage automatic fuze setter, a single-round loading tray, and a multi-baffle muzzle brake. It also has a remote control system. Off-carriage fire-control equipment consists of an S-band radar and a director. The KS-19 is equipped with on-carriage optical fire-control, for fire against ground targets.
Both the azimuth.operator and the elevation operator sit on the right side of the gun and utilize match-the-pointer dials to track aerial target's. The azimuth operator uses a single horizontally positioned handwheel, and the elevation operator uses dual vertically positioned handwheels. Each operator disengages his handwheels when his respective pointers match, and the gun thereafter is remotely directed. The KS-19 is operated manually against ground targets, and either manually or automatically against aerial targets. The wheel assemblies remain attached to the carriage in the firing position. The nonnal'towing vehicle is the heavy tracked artillery tractor AT-T. CHARACTERISTICS Weight, traveling position 9^50 kg (20,83** lb) Elevation -50 to +l4lo Russian mils (-3 to +85°) Traverse 6000 Russian mils (3^0°)
Muzzle velocity 900 m/s 2950 fps) Maximum horizontal range 21,000 m (23,000 yd) Maximum vertical range - 15,400 m (50,500 ft) (w/VT fuze) 14,900 m (48,900 ft) (w/time fuze) Effective antiaircraft range(w/VT fuze) — 13,700m (1+5.000 ft) Rate of fire — 15 rounds/min
Ammunition Fixed Projectile type HE Complete round weight 30 kg (66 lb) Projectile weight 15.4 kg (34 lb) Fuze type Time and proximity
Fire control: on-carriage Panoramic telescope off-carriage PUAZ0 6-12a director S0N-9 or -9a radar
(December - 1958) GUIDED MISSILE SYSTEM, SURFACE-TO-AIR, SA-2
"GUIDELINE" MISSILE WITH ZIL-157 TRACTOR AND SEMITRAILER
1 May 1960 Photographs
Opposed Plain Booster Fins (2) Opposed Booster Fins (2) with Control Ailerons Fixed Spoiler Fins External Tunnel Main Aerodynamic Surfaces Missile Support Control Surfaces
Booster Supports. Booster Missile Rail Pivot Mechanism /Nozzle" Note Angled Corners of Fenders Flexible Metallic Hoses Small Pressure Tank Large Storage Tank
IDENTIFICATION FEATURES
(December-1961)
PLATE 38 GUIDED MISSILE SYSTEM, SURFACE-TO-AIR, SA-2
GUIDELINE" MISSILE WITH zu-157 TRACTOR AND SEMITRAILER
The GUIDELINE missile is a medium-range surface-to-air guided missile with a separable booster and is associated with the SA-2 mis sile system. The missile is apparently transported by a ZIL-157 truck tractor and a special-purpose semitrailer. The trailer appears to be used for minor servicing operations and launcher loading procedures. Guidance is probably by radio command.
CHARACTERISTICS
Guided Missile:
Length Overall— --10 m (33 ft) Missile 6.8 m (22.5 ft), Booster —-3.2 m (10.5 ft) Diameter Missile — --50 cm (1.6 ft) Booster-- —60 cm (2 ft) Number of Surfaces Missile 12 Booster 4 Warhead Weight-- —-180-230 kg (400-500 lb) (est) Launch Weight------1800-2300 kg (4000-5000 lb)(est)/ Maximum Effective Altitude ---18,000 m (approx) (60,000 ft) (e'st) Slant Range 12,000 m (40,000 ft) Altitude—--55 km (30 nm) (est) 18,000 m (60,000 ft) Altitude----28 km (15 nm) (est)
Tractor and Semitrailer:
Length, overall 14.5 m (47.5 ft) Width, overall - 2.3 m (7.5 ft) Total Weight (empty) 11,340 kg (25,000 lb) (est)
(December-1961) ABTTT.TJEPY CHARACTERISTICS
MAXIMUM MAXIMUM MAXIMUM ARMDR WEIGHT RATE OF HORI- VERT- PENE- OF PRO- FIRE WEAPON ZOOTAL ICAL TRATION JBCTILE (RPM) RANGE RANGE IN INCHES(POUNDS) (YARDS) (FEET) AT 550 YARDS
20-mm OERIKON AA Gun M5TG on mount 6JLA 7655 10,170 250 30-4iira AA Gun M53 (Twin) 7000 18,000 2 50 37-ntm AA Gun M1939 8748 19,685 1.8 HE 1.6 AP 1.7 160-180 57-®m. AA Gun S-60 13,320 28,870 HE *il7 HE 6.9 AP 5.5 AP 6.7 105-120 57-ran AT Gun M1943 (ZIS-2) 5468 HE 4.1? HE 8.0 AP 5.5 APHE 6.9 HVAP 3.9 25 76-mm. Mountain Gun M1938 11,110 13.6 14 76-ram Gun M1942 14,300 APHE 2.7 HVAP 3.6 13.8 25 85-mm Field Gun M19*5 17.000 AP 4.6 HE 35 HVAP 5.3 AP 35 HVAP 26 15 85-raa AA Gun M1939 16,950 35.000 HE 4.4 HE 21 AP 5A APHE 20 HVAP 11 100-ram AA Gun, KS-19 23,000 50,000 HE 3b 105-Bmr> Howitzer K1956 (105/14) 11,155 122-mm Gun M1931/37 (A-19) 22,7^7 HE 6.18 HE 55 APHE 55 5-6 122-ram Gun M1954 28,000 56 5-6 122-mm Gto M1955 22,750 56 5-6 130-nm Field Gun 30,000 66 5 152-can Gun/Howitzer M1937 (ML-20) 18,880 APHE 5*2 HE 96 APHE 107 4 130-nnt Rocket Launcher (32-rds) EM-130 8970 HE 53 PLATE 41
I20MM MORTAR M-1943
I20MM MORTAR MI938
PLATE 42 120mm MORTARS (M1938/M19*+3)
The 120mm Mortar M1938 has an easily attached transport limber and the weight saved in the design of the circular, stamped baseplate make this 120mm mortar highly mobile des- ite its size. It is usually towed behind a truck which carries the ammunition, but a caisson is available when animal craft is necessary. For pack transport, it breaks down into three loads. The 141938 includes provision for trigger firing as well as the more usual drop-firing method. The H19^3 differs from the older model only in minor details. It is distinguished from the Ml938 by the much greater length of the shock absorber cylinders. CHABACTIEISTICS
Caliber 120mm Length of tube. 73" Muzzle velocity 892 fps Range Elevation ;/i56to;8o° Traverse Rate of Fire... Up to 15 rpm 160mm HCHT^R, 1-11953 To lead this weapon, the tube breaks near the base plate anc the round is inserted through the open breech. It is then trigger fired. Recognition features of this mortar are the pickets on either side of the tube and the round base plate.
CHARACTERISTICS Caliber 160mm Weight 3,300 lbs Hange 8,000 yds Kate of fire 3 rpffl Length of tube 13.5' Diameter of Base plate 5.25*
I60MM MORTAR M-1953
PLATE 43
57-KM ANTITANK GUN MI9U3 (ZIS-2) This piece has a long tube, tubular type trails and no muzzle brake. CHARACTERISTICS
Caliber 5?mm (2.2^") Muzzle velocity ^,16? fps Range ...9,200 yds Length of tube . 15^.6" Weight in firing position 2,535 lbs Rate of fire 25 RPM Elevation e-5° to +25 Armor penetration . 5.6" at 550 yds Traverse 56° Weight of HVAP Projectile . 3.^8 lbs
57MM GUN MI943
PLATE 44
••••I
76-mm Mountain Gun (Howitzer) Ml938
PLATE 45 ?6-MM MOUNTAIN GUN (HOWITZER) M1938
Characteristic of this niece is the prominent Jacket over the rear portion of the tube. The streight sloping shield, solid disc wheels and three-section box-type trail are other dis tinguishing features. The t>lece may be fired with a shortened trail from which one section has been removed. wor employment in rough terrain the piece breaks down into ten pack loads. For animal draft or towing behind a motor vehicle It travels with the end trail section folded over on the rest of the trail or with the trail in extended position and a caisson attached.
CHARACTERISTICS
Caliber .76.2mm Length of tube 19 cal Elevation limits..... T8°to 465° Total traverse .....10° Maximum horizontal range...... 11,0^5 yds Muzzle velocity 1,62** fps Rate of fire...... l4 rpm Armor penetration ...Unk 76MM DIVISIONAL GUN M 19^2 (ZIS-3)
This gun is fitted with a double baffle muzzle brake and is mounted on a modified carriage of the 57-mm gun, with tubu lar steel split trails. Remarkable for its lightness and mo bility, it is somewhat u stable in action owing to its light weight•
This gun has been provided in juantit^ to all the Satellites, besides its use in the Soviet Armv.
CHARACTERISTICS
Caliber 76.2mm (3") huzzle vnlocit*r w/HE 2,231 fps Muzzle velccit"- w/HVAP 3?167 fps Range 1^,5^5 vds Length of tube w/muzzle braKe 127.5" Rate of fire —25 rpm weight (firing position) 2,^60 lbs Weight of projectile 13 •5 lbs Elevation 5°to -37 Traverse- c>1+°
76MM GUN M-1942 (ZIS-3 PLATE 46 76mm Field Gun (USSR) 85-MM FIELD GUN D-44
MUZZLE BRAKE
SHIELD W/SLIDING PANEL
TRAVEL LOCK
0o?3O mm
950 mm — — 630 mm
85-mm HE Round
PLATE 47 85-MM FIELD GUN D-44
The Soviet 85-mm field gun D-Mj- is another application of the basic 85-mm gun which earlier had been placed in the T-3b medium tank and on the MJ9 anti aircraft gun carriage. The 85-mm auxiliary-propelled antitank gun D-48 is an even later adaptation of the basic weapon. The ammunition for these Soviet weapons, and also Czechoslovak 85-mm guns, is interchangeable, so that their performance characteristics are essentially identical. The D-Ml- artillery ;piece is suitable for both field and antitank missions.
The principal recognition features of the lightweight, low-silhouette D-W- are its trails, its recoil mechanism, and its shield. The trails are of the split, tubular design. A single caster is mounted near the spade end to facilitate maneuvering the weapon into firing position or traveling position. The recoil mechanism is entirely behind the shield and is mounted above the cradle and the breech ring. A small sliding panel in front of the main gun shield moves in elevation with the gun tube. In addition, the tube has a double-baffle muzzle brake and is mounted in a sleeve-type cradle.
The armored personnel carrier BTR-152 is one of the latest models of towing vehicles used with this gun.
CHARACTERISTICS
Weight, traveling position 1700 kg (3780 lb) Elevation -83 to +615 Russian mils (-5 to +37°) Traverse 900 Russian mils (5^°)
Muzzle velocity HE - 800 m/s (2625 fps) AP - 800 m/s (2625 fps) HVAP - 1030 m/s (3380 fps) Maximum horizontal range 15,500 m (17,000 yd) Rate of fire 15 rounds/min
Ammunition Fixed Projectile type — .HE, AP, HVAP, incendiary Complete round weight ------—-—— HE - 16 kg (35 lb) AP - 16 kg (35 lb) HVAP - 11.8 kg (26 lb) Projectile weight HE - 9.5 kg (21 lb) AP - 9.5 kg (21 lb) HVAP - 5 kg (11 lb) Fuze type — PD impact for HE ED impact for AP Armor penetration AP - 111 mm (^.4 in) at 0° at 500 m HVAP - 138 mm (5A in) at 0° at 500 m
Fire control (on-carriage) Direct fire telescope and panoramic telescope 85mm Fleia Gun (USSR)
PLATE 48 ® mmmmm I »•
85nun Field Gun (USSR) 85mm Pleia Gun (USSR)
PLATE 48 85ran Field Gun (USSR) 105-MM HOWITZER (105/14) M1956 ITALY
TB 381-2 CIO
ACCESSORIES FOR MUZZLE BRAKE ANIMAL DRAFT INTERMEDIATE SECTIONS
TRUNNIONS AT MINIMUM HEIGHT TRUNNIONS AT MAXIMUM HEIGHT
Traveling Position
J90 mm•
120 mm •
105 fram-
105-mm HE Round
PLATE 49 105-KM HOWITZER (105/14) M1956 OBICE DA 105/14 MOD. $6
This Italian howitzer was designed as a light artillery piece for employment in mountainous terrain. The weapon's fea tures also make it suitable to Jungle warfare and air-transported missions. The howitzer may be towed by vehicle or animal, or it may be separated into loads for animal - or aircraft-transport. The weapon may be para-dropped either as a single unit or in separated assemblies. The vehicle used as a prime mover is 1x4 ton trucks such as the United States "Jeep".
The suspension system for this weapon is designed to allow the trunnion axis to be adjusted to one of two heights (a high position or a low position). In the high position the height of the trunnion axis is about 40 inches, and in the low position the height of the trunnion axis is about 25 Inches. The position of the wheels is also adjustable to provide either a narrow or a wide track.
The carriage has split, box-section trails which are in three folding sections. For firing, the trails may be adjusted to different positions and the intermediate section may be removed. This feature permits greater adaptability of the weapon to various types of terrain.
This howitzer fires United States 105mm howitzer M2A1 ammu nition, with the exception of charge 7.
CHARACTERISTICS
Weight, firing position w/intermedlate section.. 1290 kg (2844 lb) w/o Intermediate section 1250 kg (2756 lb) Elevation: high position. -89 to +1155 mils (-5° to +65 ) low position.. -89 to 4444 mils (-5° to +25°) Traverse: high position.. 640 mils (36°) low position... 995 mils (56o) Muzzle velocity 420 mps (1378 fps) Maximum horizontal range.. 10,200 m (11,155 y«3s) Rate of fire 3 rpm Ammunition semifixed projectile type HE (U.S. Ml) HEAT (U.S. M67) fuze type FD impact or time- superqulck for HE BD, impact for HEAT Fire control (on-carrlage) .Panoramic telescope and direct fire telescope 105-MM HOWITZER (105/14) M1956 ITALY TB 381-2 CIO
ACCESSORIES FOR MUZZLE BRAKE ANIMAL DRAFT INTERMEDIATE SECTIONS
TRUNNIONS AT MINIMUM HEIGHT TRUNNIONS AT MAXIMUM HEIGHT
Traveling Position
[90 ram 5'/ 2 mm
120 ram
105 rani'
105-mm HE Round
PLATE 49 105-KM HOWIT ZEE (105/1*0 M1956 OBICE DA 105/14 MOD. $6 This Italian howitzer was designed as a light artillery piece for employment In mountainous terrain, ?he weapon's fea tures also make It suitable to jungle warfare and air-transported missions. The howitzer may be towed by vehicle or animal, or It may be separated Into loads for animal - or aircraft-transport. The weapon may be para-dropped either as a single unit or In separated assemblies. The vehicle used as a prime mover is 1x4 ton trucks such as the United States "Jeep". The suspension system for this weapon Is designed to allow the trunnion axis to be adjusted to one of two heights (a high position or a low position). In the high position the height of the trunnion axis is about 40 inches, and In the low position the height of the trunnion axis Is about 25 inches. The position of the wheels Is also adjustable to provide either a narrow or a wide track. The carriage has split, box-section trails which are in three folding sections. For firing, the trails may be adjusted to different positions and the Intermediate section may be removed. This feature permits greater adaptability of the weapon to various types of terrain. This howitzer fires United States 105mm howitzer M2A1 ammu nition, with the exception of charge 7. CHARACTERISTICS Weight, firing position w/intermedlate section...... 1290 kg (2844 lb) w/o intermediate section 1250 kg (2756 lb) Elevation: high position...... -89 to 4-1155 mils (-5° to 465 ) low position ..-89 to +444 mils (-5° to *25°) Traverse: high position 640 mils (36°) low position 995 mils (560) Muzzle velocity...... 420 mps (1378 fps) Maximum horizontal range.. 10,200 m (11,155 yds) Rate of fire 3 rpm Ammunition semifixed projectile type...... HE (U.S. Ml) HEAT (U.S. M67) fuze type .FD impact or time- superqulck for HE BD, impact for HEAT Fire control (on-carriage) ....Panoramic telescope and dlrect fire telescope 122mm HOWITZER M1938 (M-30)
The recoil mechanism of this weapon is housed in a cradle below the tube, and the recuperator is carried above the tube. A notable feature, copied from Bofors designs, is that the tube at the forward end is carried, on four rollers during recoil.
CHARACTERISTICS
Caliber ..122mm (4.8") Muzzle Velocity 1,690 fps Range 12,904 yds Length of tube 108" Weight(firing position) 4,960 lbs Rate of fire 5-6 rpm Elevation -3°to +65° Traverse 50°
122MM HOWITZER MI938
PLATE 50 122mm How (USSR) Soviet 122-mm Field Gun M1931/37
GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND COMMENT A powerful long range weapon, normally employed in Soviet artillery divisions. It is mounted on the same carriage as the Soviet 152-mm Gun-Howitzer M1937. It can be distinguished from that weapon by its smaller caliber and the absence of a muzzle brake. This gun mav be encountered with either dual-wheels with pneumatic tires or single wheels with solid rubber tires.
CHARACTERISTICS Caliber 122-mm (4.8 in.) Rate of fire 5 to 6 rpm Muzzle velocity (HE pro- 1,870 to 2,625 fps Elevation limits —2° to +65° jectile). Total traverse 58° Maximum range 22,747 yd
EQUtLlBRATORS AND SHIELD SLOPED BACKWARDS TUM EXTENDED
SPOKED WHEELS WITH SOLID RUBBER TIRES
TUBE RETRACTED
DUAL WHEELS WITH PNEUMATIC TIRES
SOVIET 122-MM FIELD GUN M1931/37.
PLATE 51
122MM FIELD GUN M195*f
The oldest of the new farnilv of artillery pieces, this weapon first appeared in the Moscow Parade in 195*+* The weapon is a modern piece but has manv of the characteristics of the old M1931/37 Field Gun of this caliber.
It is easilv recognizable bv the recoil cylinder- located above the tube and the large collar around the tube forward of the shield. It has a pepper pot tvpe muzzle brake and is jacked out of batterv when in the traveling position. The carriage has large single pneumatic tires and large box tvpe split trails. The spades are removed and placed on top of the trails when traveling. The ends of the trails are supported bv a light pneumatic tired dollv.
CHARACTERISTICS
Caliber 122mm Range 28,000 vds Length of tube 221 Weight 15,000 lbs Weight of projectile 56 lbs Rate of fire 5 to 6 rpm
I22MM FIELD GUN M-1954
PLATE 52
122MM FIELD GUN M1955
The second new gun of its caliber to appear in two vear this piece is a verv mobile, light weight, field piece.
It is much more mobile than the 195*+ model, capable of being towed directlv bv a prime mover without the use of a dollv. The tube is much shorter as are the trails. The spades remain fixed in travel position. Two steel caster wheels are mounted near the end of the trails for ease in handling. The recoil cylinders are mounted side bv side on top of the tube and extend through the shield. Directlv underneath the tube, just forward of the shield, is a circu lar firing platform. The tube has a double baffle muzzle brake. The carriage wheels are single and pneumatic tired.
CHARACTERISTICS
Caliber 122mm Range 22,750 vds Length of tube 16.81 height 11,000 lbs Weight of projectile 56 lbs Rate of fire 5 to 6 rpm
I22MM FIELD GUN M-1955 PLATE 53
130-MM FIELD GUN
The Soviet 130-mm field gun has been observed only since 195^« It is a modern, conventional weapon, superior in mobility and performance to the 122-mm corps gun M31/37*
\ Indications of a German influence in the design are such Krupp features as the horizontal sliding-wedge breech mechanism and the detachable spades. Ballistically, the weapon is quite similar to the Soviet 130-mm naval guns.
The gun is withdrawn from battery for traveling. A mechanism located on the right trail accomplishes this task and also returns the gun to battery for firing.
The gun is equipped with a cylindrical multiperforated muzzle brake. It is mounted on a single-axle carriage and uses a single-axle limber.
In addition to being used as medium field artillery, this gun could also perform missions against armor. The normal prime mover is the AT-S.
CHARACTERISTICS
Weight, traveling position —-— 8600 kg (19,000 lb) Elevation ------—--— -33 to +766 Russian mils (-2 to +46°) Traverse ————————————— 833 Russian mils (50°)
Muzzle velocity — HE, 950 m/s (5050 fps) AP, 870 m/s (2850 fps) Maximum horizontal range ------—•—-- 26,700 m (29,200 yd) Rate of fire ——— 5 - 6 rounds/min
Ammunition Separate (cartridge case) loading Projectile types — HE, AP . Complete round weight — HE, 45 kg (100 lb) (est) AP, 50 kg (110 lb) Projectile weight HE, 35*4 kg (75*6 lb) AP, 35.6 kg (7U.I lb) Fuze types PD ti'ne for HE HD for AP
This supersedes page (January - 1959) 225
(September - 1959)
PLATE 54
f.'- #
152MM GUN-HOWITZER M-1937 (ML-20)
PLATE 55 152-MM OUN HOWITZER K1937 (ML-20)
This well designed and sturdily constructed weapon was the principal Soviet piece for counter-battery and other long-range destructive and Interdiction fire In WWII.
The 152mm gun howitzer can be readily distinguished by Its long multibaffle muzzle brake.
CHARACTERISTICS
Caliber 152.kmtn (6") Muzzle velocity *2,1^9 » J-~r7 fps1 yo Range.,.....,.,.., 18,880 yds Length of tube w/muzzle brake 185.51" Weight In firing position,,.. 15,71^ lbs Weight of projectile. 96 lbs Rate of fire 4 RPM Elevation -20 to +65° Traverse., 58° 130-MM ROCKET LAUNCHER CZECHOSLOVAKIA (32-ROUND) RM-130
nke ^.7 r i.^rr Tubs;
ONTKGL SELECT: }R -OX
SIGH?:;/ m'nnrui: BR-CKET
Uk* »!£#
PLATE 56 130-MM ROCKET LAUNCHES (32-HOUND) RM-130
The 130mm rocket launcher (32 round), although of Czecho slovak manufacture, was first recognized In Rumania In 1954. This weaoon later appeared in Czechoslovakia and is now in use by several other countries. It was designed for the delivery of a mass of fire over large dispersion areas. The mobility of this launcher, coupled with Its ability to direct up to thirty- two 130mm HE rockets on a target within a brief nerlod, makes It an Impressive artillery weapon.
The Soviet cargo truck ZIS/ZIL-151 was one of the carrier vehicles for earlier versions of this rocket launcher. At pre sent, however, the Czechoslovak ^raga 5-ton 6x6 cargo truck V3S is utilized as the carrier vehicle. The vehicles for the RM-130 do not have the firing support Jacks and the protective metal shielding fround on truck-mounted rocket launchers of Soviet de sign.
The launching unit consists of thirty-two Individual tubes arranged In four banks of eight tubes each. Within each tube are four straight guide rails. The launching unit Is mounted en top of the 66-round ammunition storage compartment. Elevation and traverse are accomplished manually through the dual handwheels.
The rockets are fired electrically and reach a velocity In the neighborhood of 410 meters per second (1345 fns) In about 0.9 second. Projectile stability is achieved In flight by the high-speed rotation induced by the angled Venturis In the base of each rocket. Rockets may be fired Individually or in a series. The number of rounds in a series and the time interval between each round Is selective through the medium of the ^1re control selector box. CHARACTERISTICS
Vehicle: Weight w/launcher and 66 rockets 8510 kg (18,760 lbs) Engine type Diesel, 98 hp Maximum speed .. 60 km/hr (37 mph) Cruising range 443 km (275 ml)
Launcher: Weight. 1680 kg (3700 lbs) Maximum elevation 833 Russian mils (50°) Traverse 4000 Russian mils (240°) Time to reload... 2 mlns
Rocket: Caliber 130.2mm (5.13") Weight (HE).. 24.2 kg (53.35 lbs) Maximum range 8200 m (8970 yds) ROCKET LAUNCHER
ROCKETS
FIRING SHIELD
DUAL WHEELS
132mm ROCKET LAUNCHER, M-13 (SOVIET)
132mm ROCKET LAUNCHER (16-round) M-13
The M-13 was the basic field rocket launcher of the Soviet Army, but is now being replaced by the newer 140mm BM-14. During World War II it. was mounted on various trucks, but at present, it appears only on the ZIL-151. The rockets are fired electrically from the cab. The launcher is laid roughly by moving the vehicle and is sighted by a sim ple panoramic artillery sight on the left of the mount. For firing, the two jacks at the rear of the truck are lowered to provide proper stabilization.
CHARACTERISTICS
Caliber 5. 2 in 132 mm Number of rails 8 Number of rockets 16 Total wieght, launcher & truck 7.1 short tons 6,4 t Elevation +15 to +45 deg Traverse 10 to 20 deg Maximum velocity of rocket 1148 fs 350 m/s Maximum range 9846 yds 9000 m Weight of rocket 94 lbs 43 kg Time to reload 6 to 10 minutes.
PLATE
FROG-1
The new Soviet rocket launcher described here consists of a massive, single tube-type launcher mounted on a chassis whose appearance and perfor mance characteristics are nearly identical to those of the JSU-series vehicles*
During firing, support jacks are used to stabilize the carrier and hy draulic Jacks are used to elevate the launcher.
The tube-type launcher is primarily a cylindrical housing composed of large segments which clamp together. This housing protects the rocket, pro vides rigidity for cross-country travel, and may also serve as a warming jacket to prevent cold-weather damage to the solid-propellant-type motor.
The six-finned rocket is a surface-to-surface, free-flight, fin-? and spin-stabilized type. The large bulbous warhead indicates a nuclear capa bility. In the base of the rocket are six radial Venturis, which may be set •at an angle to impart spin to the rocket in flight, and one central venturi.
CHARACTERISTICS
Vehicle: weight with launcher — 33,112 kg (36.5 short tons) (est) engine type ————— ——— v-12 diesel, 512 hp (est) cruising range • —-— 145 km (90 miles) (est) maximum speed ——————————— 34 km/hr (21 mph) (est)
Rocket: length overall —————————— 10.2 m (33• ^ ft) total weight 3175 kg (7000 lb) (est) maximum motor body diameter -—-—— — 6l0 mm (24 in) warhead - length (including probe) —•——— 3 m (10.4 ft) - length of probe — — 0.5 m (1.6 ft) - weight - 680 kg (1500 lb) - maximum diameter — —————— 840 mm (33 in) fins - length at root —-———-———— 14-30 mm (4.7 ft) - width —-— 287 mm (0.9 ft) range — 64,000 m (70,000 yd) (est)
PLATE 58 CYLINDRICAL HOUSING BULBOUS WARHEAD SIX FINS
FULL TRACK CHASSIS
3200 ram
Front View Rear View
(September - 1958) The public introduction of the first Soviet rocket launcher mounted on an amphibious chassis occurred in the Moscow parade of November 1957• The monorail-type launcher is mounted on a full-tracked amphibious carrier which is similar to the FT-76 amphibious tank chassis. This exceptionally flexible weapon has the advantage over truck-mounted launchers in cross-country and amphibious capability.
It appears that the weapon can be readily placed into firing position. The unit is cross-leveled and stabilized by two jack pads attached at the rear of the carrier. It is expected that the launcher can be elevated to a high angle; but traverse without moving the vehicle is considered quite limited. Elevation is probably power assisted, and minor corrections in elevation and traverse could be accomplished by handwheels at the rear of the carrier.
The four-finned rocket is a surface-to-surface, free-flight, fin- and spin-stabilized type. The size of the warhead indicates a nuclear capability. The body for the rocket'is solid-propellant-type motor consists of two section% as indicated by the step near the midpoint of the rocket; the rear section may house a high-thrust motor for the initial launching, and the forward section a sustainer motor. Exit Venturis may be canted to induce the rocket to spin, for increased stability and accuracy.
CHARACTERISTICS
Vehicle: weight-w/launcher and rocket ll+,2l+0 kg (15*7 short tons) (est) -w/o launcher, w/o rocket 9980 kg (ll short tons) (est) engine type ——— V-6 diesel,.236 hp cruising range --—— 225 - 2*+0 km (11+0 - 150 miles) (est) maximum speed - land 33 km/hr (21 mph) - water 8 - 11 km/hr (5 - 7 ®ph) (est)
Rocket: length overall 9 m (29.6 ft) total weight — 21+50 kg (51+00 lb) (est) maximum motor body diameter 305 mm (12 in) warhead - length ——-—- 2 m (6.6 ft) weight 1+55 kg (1000 lb) (est) - maximum diameter 580 mm (1.9 ft) fins - length at root 1128 mm (3.7 ft) - width — 335 mm (1.1 ft) range 27,1+32 m (30,000 yd) (est) burning time 3 -1+ sec (est)
PLATE 59 FOUR FINS BULBOUS WARHEAD
AMPHIBIOUS CHASSIS
QO?'
3139 mm
Front View Rear View
(September - 1958) FREE ROCKETS OVER GROUND (FROG-3 AND FROG-4)
Two new Soviet, surface-to-surface, solid-propellant rockets were displayed in the May i960 parade. They are mounted on a monorail-type launcher carried by a full-tracked armored chassis. Although mounted on basically the same carrier, the new rockets and launchers are somewhat different than those displayed in 1957 (covered on page 2V7, "l-Round Rocket Launcher on Amphibious Chassis"). The chassis, although it appears to be quite similar to the PT-76 chassis, has not been confirmed as being amphibious. These new artillery weapons have excellent cross country mobility and have the capability of rendering close support to ground forces •
The single-rail launcher, used with both rockets, is designed so that it may readily be placed into firing position. The launching beam is elevated by a power take-off from the carrier's engine. If desired, manual elevation is also provided. Any traversing necessary, not accomplished by positioning the carrier, is probably done manually with the use of hand wheels. The launching unit can be cross-leveled and is stabilized by two jack pads attached at the rear of the carrier. The weight of the carrier adds to the stabilization of the launcher and rocket.
The free-flight, surface-to-surface rocket, FROG-3, has a slightly bulbous warhead and a long motor which is equipped with four fins for aerodynamic stabilization. The other large free-flight artillery rocket, FROG-4, is assembled with a streamlined warhead with a smaller diameter than FROG-3. Thie size and configuration of both warheads, and what appears to be a barometric probe on their noses, indicates-nuclear capability. The motor for both rockets is identical. There are 12 nozzles surrounding a large venturi at the base of the motor, there are also 12 nozzles indented around the outside periphery of the rocket body at approximately midpoint. These nozzles may be used to impart a slow rotation at time#of launching, for increased stability and accuracy. There are no visible moveable control surfaces on the rocket. Although it is possible that some other method could be designed within the rocket for guidance, it is believed that this rocket has no means of guidance once it leaves the launcher. The rocket is electrically fired.
ESTIMATED CHARACTERISTICS
FROG-3 FROG-if
Vehicle: weight - w/launcher and rocket 1.1*,21*0 kg (15.7 short tons) - w/o launcher, w/o rocket 9980 kg (ll short tons) engine type V-6 diesel, 237 hp V-6 diesel, 237 hp cruising range 225 to 240 km (ll+O to 150 miles) 225 to 2h0 km (ikO to 150 miles)
maximum speed - land 33 Wto (21 mph) 33 Wkr (21 mph)
Rocket: length overall 10.55 m (34.6 ft) 10.24 m (33.6 ft) total weight 2266 kg (5000 lb) 2177 kg (4800 lb) maximum motor body diameter 4l8 mm (16.44 ir.) 4l8 mm (16.44 in) warhead - length 2.97 m (9.75 ft) 2.89 m (9.48 ft) - weight 454 kg (1000 lb) 363 kg (800 lb) - maximum diameter • 536 mm (1.76 ft) 399 mm (1.31 ft) fins - length at base 884 mm (2.9 ft) 884 mm (2.9 ft) - width 304 mm (1 ft) 290 mm (0.95 ft) range 36,576 to ^5,720 m — 36,576 to 45,720 m (1)0,000 to 50,000 yd) (40,000 to 50,000 yd) burning time 10 sec 10 sec CEP 1400 to 800 m — 400 to 800 m (437 to 875 yd) (437 to 875 yd)
1 PLATE 6 0 FREE ROCKETS OVER GROUND (FROG-3 AND FROG-4)
SLIGHTLY BULBOUS WARHEAD
SINGLE MODIFIED RAIL PT-76 LAUNCHER CHASSIS PROBE
FROG 3 FOUR
FOUR FINS ROCKET MOTOR WARHEAD
NOZZLES FROG 4
NOZZLES
ROCKET BODY FROG-3 & FROG-k 57-MM ASSAULT GUNS ASU-57
DOUBLE - LL'VFFLE OPEN MUZZI.F BHAKK STRUCTURE
OTHER VERSION HAS LONG k ROAD PERFORATED
11«4*
Front View Rear View
PLATE 66 57mm ASSAULT GUN ASU-57
Soviet 57mm assault guns are light, armored and full- tracked. They employ an ordinary double-baffle muzzle brake ana are reportedly transported by new Soviet helicopters.
CHARACTERISTICS Weight 6 short tons Maximum frontal armor.. 0.59" Maximum side armor . 0.39" Engine type and horsepower 6-cyllnder gasoline 100 hp Maximum road speed. 40 mph Cruising range 200 mi Maximum trench .... 51 Maximum step.. ...2' Maximum ford 3' Armament . 1x57mm gun Rounds carried...... 50 Muzzle velocity HE,(2300 fps) HVAP-T,(4000 fps) Armor penetration HVAP-T;95mm at 0°.1000m 75mm at 30 , " Rate of fire 15 rpm 85MM SEIF-PROP^IFD GUN Ml9^3 (SU-85)
TMs wo^on comM^es t^e P5nm \ mTUCTORISTTCS Crew ...... 4 ^eie'ht tons >?idth 10» 4rmor 1.8" Maximum St)e®d 35 mph Cruising Ran^e . ,1°0 mi Primary armament 85mm =run Trav®rsp 20° TLev*tlon -5° to 425° Han.ce 10,49$ yds "Rounds carried .48 \rmor penetration 5.4" at 500 yds 85MM SELF-PROPELLED GUN M-1943 PLATE 67 100mm S&LF-rnOPKLLriD GUN hi944, SU-lOO This weapon is an outstanding antitank or assault gun, with its couioiLation of high armor penetration, mobility ana substantial armor protection. C Hi-Jib.CT riRI ST ICS Crew 4 weight 33.1 tons Width 10' Frontal armor 3.0" at 50° Maximum speed 35 oiph Cruising range 190 mi Secondary armament none Primary armament lxl00mm aT gun Traverse 320 rile vat ion limits -2° to 17° ha nge 15,316 y a s itouncs carriec 34 Armor penetration 6.1" at 550 yds IOOMM SELF-PROPELLED GUN M-1944 (D-IOS) SIHOG PLATE 68 ASSAULT GUN JSU-122 (A-I9S) This is the standard model of the JSU-122, which mounts a modification of the 122mm corps gun M1931/37 (A-19). The chassis used for this vehicle is that of the JS series of heavy tanks. It can be distinguished from the other model of the JSU-122 (D-258) and the JSU-152 by the absence of any muzzle brake. CHARACTERISTICS Vehicle W eight 51 short tons 46 t Length 21 ft 10 in 6. 65 m Width 10 ft 3 in 3.12 m Height 8 ft 13 in 2. 52 m Track width 25 in 636 mm Crew 5 Engine 512 HP V-12 Diesel Speed 23 mph 38 km/h Cruising range 112 miles 180 km Armament Main armament 122mm assault Gun M1931/44 (A-19S) Performance see 122mm Corps Gun M1931/37 (A-19) Secondary armament one 12. 7mm DShK AA machine gun PLATE 69 ASSAULT GUN JSU-122 (D-25S) This is the variant version of the JSU-122. The major difference is in that the main armament is a modified JS 122mm tank gun, the M1944 (D-25S). It can be dis tinguished from the standard JSU-122 (A-19S) by the double baffle muzzle brake of the same type used on the JS series of tanks. PT-76 AMPHIBIOUS TANK The PT-76 amphibious tank, first issued to Soviet troops in 1952, is now organic to the reconnaissance elements of all line divisions. A completely amphibious vehicle with a crew of 3 men, it features a boat- like hull with a flat deck on which a small dome-shaped turret is mounted. Amphibious operation of the tank is limited to relatively smooth inland waterways because its freeboard is only 200 to 250 mm (8 to 10 inches). In the water, the PT-76 is propelled on the hydrojet principle. Two turbines suck water in through intake ports located in the hull bottom, and expel it through the hydrojet exhaust ports in the rear of the tank. For steering the vehicle, deflector plates can be closed, causing the flow of water to be directed out either side of the hull» . CHARACTERISTICS Weight (combat loaded)1-- 1^ metric tons (15-^ short tons) Maximum hull frontal armor 16 mm (0.63 in) at 60° (est) Maximum hull side armor -- 12 mm (0.5 in) at 0° (est) Maximum turret armor 25 mm (l in) (est) Engine type and horsepower V-6 diesel, 237 hp Maximum road speed 33 km/hr (21 mph) Cruising range 257 km (160 miles) Maximum trench 2.3 m (7 ft 6 in) Maximum step - 0.6 m (2 ft) (est) Ground pressure 7.1 psi Main armament 76-mm gun (D-56-T) Rounds carried 40 Muzzle velocity APHE-T, 655 m/s (2150 fps) Frag-HE, 689 m/s (2260 fps) HVAP-T, 965 m/s (3166 fps) (est) HEAT, 325 Vs (1065 fps) (est) Weight of projectiles APHE-T, 6.5 kg (1U.3 lb) Frag-HE, 6 kg (13-5 lb) HVAP-T, 3 kg (6.6 lb) HEAT, U kg (8.7 lb) Armor penetration - w/APHE-T.round 69• at 0° at 500 m 56 mm at 30°-.at 500. m mm at 30° at 1500 m - W/HVAP-T round 92 mm at 0° at 500 m 75 mm at 30° at 500 m 47 mm at 30° a"t 1000 m - v/heaT round 120 mm at 0° at kOO m Rate uf fire 5-7 rounds/min Secondary a:*mament One 7'62-mm M5, coaxial Accessory equipment Radio 10-RT This supersedes page (August - 1958) 175 PLATE 70 PT-76 AMPHIBIOUS TANK LARGE HATCH COVER DOME-SHAPED TURRET WATER OUTLET FOR STEERING SIX ROAD WHEELS 77-mm Gun Tank Comet Mk 1 RECOGNITION FEATURES COMMANDER'S CUPOLA MACHINE GUN DRIVE SPROCKET VE DOUBLE ROAD WHEELS MACHINEGUN BALL MOUN IDLER WHEEL CHARACTERISTICS I. GENERAL DATA: IV. ARMAMENT: Weight (combat loaded) 32.7 long tons One 77-mm Mk 2 gun, two 7.92-mm machineguns, one .303 Bren light Maximum frontal armor 3 in. machinegun. Maximum side armor 1.68 in. Rounds carried _ 77-mm, 61; 7.92-mm, 5,175; cal. .303, Width of track 18 in. 600. Width between track centers 8 ft 4.25 in. Weight of projectiles APCBC, 17 lb HE, 13.38 lb II. ENGINE: APDS, ? lb Type 12-cylinder, Rolls Royce Meteor, Muzzle velocity . APCBC, 2,275 fps gasoline. HE, 1,625 fps Horsepower 600 at 2,550 rpm APDS, 3,400 fps III. PERFORMANCE: Armor penetration: Maximum speed (road) 29 mph Range of action (road)... 123 miles Angle Range Round of Maximum trench. 96 in. attack Maximum step 36 in. 500 yd 1,000 yd 1,500 yd Maximum ford.. 44 in. APCBC. ' m. 5.3 in. ? in. APDS... ? in. 7.2 in. PLATE 71 77MM GUN TA.NK COMET MK 1 (UE) This tank operates with a five man crew, mounts a 77mm £tm with a muzzle "brake. It employs a Christie-type suspension system. It is- powered with a 12 cylinder Rolls Royce gasoline engine. This tank operates with maximum efficiency at speeds up to 25.2 miles per hour. Fuel tank capacity is 116 epallons. CHARACTERISTICS !fei PLATE 72 T-3** ^'KEDILH TANK, (85KM) This vehicle mounts an 85®it3 gun, airt is the former medium tank of the Soviet Array. •;,!<: ' ' Recognition 'features: Long tu"be without rcu zzle brake; curved gun mantlet; slight sloping turret sides; cupola on top of turret; two cylindrical auxiliary fuel tanks on each side and five double- road wheels with no track support roller's (christie suspension). The main armament consists of an 85mijr tank gun and as secondary armament one ball-mounted and one coaxial turret-mounted machine gun. CHARACTERISTICS Vehicle -• Height ; 95" Length 236" Crew— — ———— —— 5 Weight — ————35.2 tons Width —118* Armor hull —1.8" turret- —— —-——-3" Maximum speed •—————-—— 35 mph, road Cruising range———-——-—------—--——190 mi Fording depth—-—————-—— ———51" Secondary armament-——-- ——--———.*2x7»62mm DT MG Engine— ———•*-— —————-V-12 cylinders, dlesel, ^93 hp at '• 1,800 rpm Ground pressure———— ——— ——ll.ty psl Maximum trench———----—--———-————8*2" Weapon Primary arm————-•— ——--——1x85mm tank gun Traverse—— 360° Elevation limits 5° to +25° Range--— — — — 10,^98 yds Rounds carried —— — -56 Armor penetration (5^0 yards)— ———— -—5.if" at 0° w/HVAP T-5^ MEDIUM TANK This is the new Soviet medium tank, which replaces the T:3*+ and T-M+ medium tanks. It has much smoother design than either of its two pree^.essors • The main armament on this tank is 100-mm. The old d] uin-tvpe auxiliary fuel tanks which were alwavs on the T-3^ have been replaced bv streamlined tanks and mounted on the fenders. The greatest spacing of the road wheels is between the first and second road wheels and between the second and third on the T-3^-. One of the identifving features is the low rounded turret. It has an antiaircraft machine gun which can be mounted on the top of the turret. The tank has a much improved armor design and better performace than anv other previous Soviet Tank. CHARACTERISTICS height 39>7 tons Secondare armament 2x7.62mm MG'S Crew b Engine V-12 Cvl, dsl Width (track centers) Primary armament 100mm gun 10b" Traverse 3,60° Width of track--22" Rounds carried 3*+ Length 236" Ground pressure 11.*+ psi Height 9*+" Suspension Christie Maximum speed 30 mPh Nunber of road wheels--5 Cruising range--22k to 2^9 mi Fording depth 55" T54 (MEDIUM TANK) PLATE 73 JS-2 HEAVV TANK Although outmoded bv the production of the JS-3 tank, this vehicle is still significant within its weight classi fication. The drive sprocket on this vehicle is located in the rear. CHARACTERISTICS Crew 1+ Secondare armament 1x12.7mm MG Weight 50*6 tons 3x7.62mm MG Length (hull) 263" Ground pressure 11.1 psi Width (overall) 10.2' Engine V-12 cvl; Height 108" diesel 512 hp at 2,000 rpm z/idth 120" Primary armament 1x122mm gun Armor: Traverse 360° Hull 1+.33" Elevation limits 3° "to -25 Turret h,0" Range 16,300 vds Maximum speed 23 mph Number rounds carried 28 Cruising range 156-180 mi Maximum armor penetration (500 vards) Fording depth l+,3u 1 5.9" JS-2 HEAVY TANK PLATE 74 us LIGHT ARMORED CAR, M8 PLATE 75 UNITED STATES ARI-'IOKEL CAE,M8 This vehicle provides high speed mobility, defense firepower ana crew protection for reconnaissance. The M8 consists of a turret-mounted 37mm gun on a 6x6 chassis. The driver and assistant are seated forward in the hull. In combat zones, the direct vision slot shutters ana hatch covers are closed. Vision is afforded by protectoscopes. Some M8's have been modified to mount 40mm guns. CHARACTERISTICS Weight 7.5 tons Cruising speed... 55 mph Cruising radius... 250 mi Primary armament 1x37mm gun Rounds carried...... 80 Traverse limits...... Elevation limits...... rtaximufft armor penetration AMPHIBIOUS ARMORED PERSONNEL CARRIER, BTR-50p BPOHETPAHCTIOPTEP BTP-5 0n The tracked amphibious armored personnel carrier EER-50p is the first Soviet tracked armored personnel carrier. The BTR-50p utilizes the chassis of the amphibious PT-76 light tank and is capable of carrying 12 fully equipped personnel. BTR-50p is rarely seen functioning in roles other than that of its primary function as a personnel carrier. It is, however, capable of being utilized as a cargo carrier and as a prime mover for mortar and light artillery. This fully amphibious vehicle has been sighted with a permanently attached overhead arnlor cover for the crew and the passenger compartments. The hinged overhead armor plates can be opened and folded back. CHARACTERISTICS Crew — 3 Weight (combat loaded) I1*-. 5 metric tons (16 short tons) Personnel load ——-— 12 Maximum frontal armor 25 mm (l in) Maximum side armor ———— 25 mm (l in) Engine type and horsepower — 6 cylinder diesel, 237 hp Method of propulsion in water ^ydrojet Maximum road speed < 35«^ kn/hr (22 mph) Maximum water speed 8 to 11 kVkr (5 to 7 mph) Cruising range 257.4 km (160 miles) - w/auxiliary 901 km (560 miles) Maximum trench 2.3 m (7.5 ft) Maximum step ~ 0.6 m (2 ft) Armament One 12.7-mm DShK ML938/46 HM3 Accessory equipment Radio 10-RT Ground pressure 7.^ psi PLATE 76 AMPHIBIOUS ARMORED PERSONNEL CARRIER, BTR-50p PERSONNEL COMPARTMENT 12.7-mm M3 SIDE HYDROJET COMMANDER'S EXHAUST CUPOLA CELLULAR-TYPE WHEEI5 6736 mm SIDE HYDROJET EXHAUST 1^32 6^0 mm 4236 mm Front Rear a JCL Ov sD REAR HYDROJET EXHAUSTS <-*•335 mm ^ 368 U 3139 mm •H UNIDENTIFIED 8-WHEELED AMPHIBIOUS PERSONNEL CARRIER MillllUBMi ARMORED PERSONNEL CARRIER A new eight-wheeled amphibious armored personnel carrier has appeared public display in the Soviet Union. The vehicle, first seen at the end of 1961, carries 14 men plus a crew of two. It is propelled in the water by a jet which opens from the center rear of the vehicle. Auxiliary jet openings on the sides of the vehicle facili tate steering in the water. Armament for the vehicle includes a 12.7-millimeter antiaircraft machinegun and two 7.62-millimeter machineguns mounted on the sides. The vehicle is open, thus does not provide overhead protection for its occu pants. Over-all weight is reported to be eight tons and it is credited with a land speed of 80 kilometers per hour and a water speed of 10 kilometers per hour. From: MILITARY REVIEW September 19^2, page 106. PLATE ARMCRiiD PERi>GI\ii This Soviet armored personnel cafcrier multipurpose armored vehicle was introduced in 1951.A versatile vehicle, it is employed as a personnel carrier, C&R vehicle, prime mover for mortars and light artillery, and a mount for heavy AA machine guns. Q HARACTr,RIST IGS Crew 2 plus 12. Weight 1^,000 lbs Length 265" Height 79" Width 90" Armor thickness §" to5/8w Horsepower 90 hp at 2,700 rpm iingine gasoline, 6 cyl ARMORED PERSONNEL CARRIER BTR-152 PLATE 78 ARMORED PERSONNEL CARRIER BTR-40 This 4x4 vehicle is one of two postwar wheeled armored personnel carriers issued to the Soviet Army and many of the satellite armies. Built on the chassis of the GAZ-63 truck, the BTR-40 resembles the United States wartime M3 scout car, with some features of the hood of the German armored halftracks. The BTR-40 is normally found with an open top although some fully enclosed versions have been encountered. The normal armament is one 7. 62mm Goryunov Machine Gun M1943 (SG or SGM), although some vehicles have been equipped with a twin 14. 5mm antiaircraft gun. CHARACTERISTICS Weight 5. 8 short tons 5.2 t Length 18 ft 2 in 5. 5 m Width 6 ft 2 in 1. 9 m Height 6 ft 2 in 1. 9 m Crew 2 Passengers 8 Engine 80 HP, 6 cyl gasoline Speed 50 mph 80 km/h Cruising range 175 miles 281 km ARMORED PERSONNEL CARRIER BTR-40 PLATE 75-MM GUN TANK AMX-13 DOUBLE-BAFFLE MUZZLE BRAKE WHEELS PLATE 80 75-MM GUN TANK AMX-13 The AMX-13 light tank is a 1950 development that incorporates several unique design features. Hull recognition features are the low, squat appearance with the tracks running on six road wheels. The trailing road wheel also serves as a rear track idler. The cast turret is the new oscillating type with a long-tube gun fitted with a double-baffle muzzle "brake. The turret has a pronounced over-hanging "bulge at the rear, where an ejection hole for spent shell cases is located. CHARACTERISTICS Weight (combat loaded) — — 14.5 metric tons (l6 short tons) Maximum hull frontal armor ———— 15 mm (0.59 in) Maximum hull side armor •—20.07 ™ (0.79 in) Maximum turret armor ------40.13 mm (1.58 in) Engine type and horsepower ------—— 8-cylinder gasoline, 270 hp at 3500 rpm Maximum road speed — 66 kn^hr (4l mph) Cruising range - —— 249 - 298 km (155 - 185 miles) Maximum trench —--—.— . —- 1.6 m (5»2 ft) Maximum step 0.61 m (2 ft) Maximum ford 0.94 m (3.1 ft) Main armament •— 75-mm gun Rounds carried - - 43 Mizzle velocity AP, 1000 m/s (3280 fps) HVAP-T, 1189 Vs (3900 fps) Weight of projectile —-—— At, 9 kg (19.84 lb) Armor penetration •— • 76 mm (3 in) at 457 m Secondary armament — —— 7*5-mm MS M37 Accessory equipment • Radio SCR-508 us TANK, 76-MM GUN, M4A3 (HVSS) CHARACTERISTICS: AIR RECOGNITION FEATURES: Large irreg Turret: Large and irregular. Top hat flat ular turret, cupola on right, bulge in rear. center section mounting cupola, and slopes Large gun mantlet; long gun, extending be down gradually to wide gun mantlet. yond bow of tank. Angular hull; vertical Sides are slightly inclined, nearly flat. sides; steep in front and sloping to rear. Large undercut radio bulge in rear. INTEREST DATA: This tank has a high- Hull: Angular but has streamlined appear velocity 76-mm gun, and sometimes has ance from side. Slopes down gradually in mounted a flame thrower in the bow. rear, abruptly in front. High and square- cut as seen from the front because of steep forward plate and vertical sides. Armament: One 76-mm gun. One coaxial caliber .30 machine gun. One caliber .30 machine gun in bow. One caliber .50 ma chine gun mounted on turret. Suspension: Full track. Six bogie wheels mounted in pairs on horizontal volute springs. Front driving sprocket, rear idler. SPEED: 25 MPH BRIDGE CLASS: 36 TONS TRENCH: 7 FT 6 IN FORD: 3 FT RESTRICTED PLATE 81 us TANK, 76-MM GUN, M4A3 (HVSS) ' V,, United States Scout Car, White M3A1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND COMMENT The White M3A1 scout car was developed during World War IT by the United States to serve as a high speed scouting vehicle. Essentially an armored body mounted on a commercial type 4-wheel drive truck chassis, the vehicle can transport 8 men and can tow light artillery or antitank weapons. Recognition features are: the open-topped personnel and cargo compartment with a machine gun mount skate rail which encircles the compartment interior and the flat vertical armor plates which make up the armor body. The Hercules JXD 6-cylinder, water cooled, gasoline engine mounted in the front of the vehicle gives it a long-nosed appear ance. The engine is protected by an armored hood with armored shutters for the radiator. VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS Fighting weight 6 tons. Length (hull only) 18 ft 5 in. Width. 6 ft 8 in. Maximum armor protection _ _ 0.25 in. at 0°. Cruising speed (road) 50 mph. Cruising radius 250 miles. WEAPON CHARACTERISTICS Primary armament Any machine gun(s). UNITED STATES SCOUT CAR, WHITE M3A1. PLATE U.S.S.R. TANK-MOUNTED FLAME THROWER, ATO-42 ABT0MATM1ECKMM TAHKOBHM OrHHfflT, ATO-42 The ATO-li2 tank-amounted flame thrower is presently in general use and where utilized it has replaced the normal hull machine gun. It is operated by pressure supplied by cartridges, presumably loaded with cordite. The cartridges are fired by an electric spark generated across two electrodes at the muzzle of the gun. The flame gun will fire automatically if the operation handle is held down, and it is believed that four successive shots can be fired in this manner without recharging the cartridge magazine. Although known models of the T-3U(85) tank with the AT0-1|2 flame thrower have one fuel tank, a newer model with two fuel tanks has been reported. CHARACTERISTICS I. Physical Data: Fuel Capacity Old Model 80-100 liters (20-25 gallons) New Model 160-200 liters (40-50 gallons) Operating Pressure 100-150 atmospheres (1,500-2,200 psi) II. Perfonnances Bange Thickened fuel 90-119 meters 100-130 yards Unthickened fuel 1*5-73 meters 50-80 yards Number of Bursts* 8-12 Duration of Bursts* 1-3 seconds (September -1958) PLATE *83 UNCLASSIFIED TANK-MOUNTED FLAME U.S.S.R. THROWER, ATO-42 COMPRESSED AIR BOTTLE REDUCING VALVE PISTON FLAME FUEL CONTAINER (September- 1958) P. S. LIGHT TANK; Tank, Light, K3A1 (Diesel) "Gen. Stuart or Stuart Kk 17." Date of Introduction: 1941 Combat Weight: 14.3 tons. Crew: 4 Length: 14.6 ft. Pitch of Track: 5*5 in. Width: 7.3 ft. Number of Track Links: 67. Height: 7.7 ft. Trench Crossing Ability: 6 ft. Ground Clearance: 16.5 in. Fording Depth: 42 in. Tread Centers: 6.1 ft. Obstacle Ability: 24 in. Ground Contact: 116 in. Climbing Ability: 26° (50$) slope. Width of Track: 11.5 in. Ground Pressure: 10.6 lbs/sq. in. Radius of Action: 84 mi. Fuel Consumotion: 1.5 mi/gal. Fuel Capacity: $0 gal. Speed: 37 mph on roads; 15-20 mph cross-country. Suspension: Two two-wheeled rubber tire bogies on each side are bolted to the hull, support the vehicle on vertical volute springs. Tracks are driven by sprockets on the front provided to maintain constant tension on tracks. Tracks are supported by three return rollers each side. Armor: Front - 1.5 in.; side - 1 in.; turrets front - 1.5 in.; turret side - 1.25 in.; mantlet - 1 in. Armament: One cal .30 M1919A5, two cal .30 M1919A4, one submachine gun cal .45, 1928A1. Muzzle Velocity: 2,600 ft/sec. Proj. Weight: 1.91 lb. Ammunition Stowage: 37-mm -.106 rds. .30 cal. - 7,220 rds. .45 cal. - 350 rds. PLATE 84 P. S. LIGHT TANK Tank, Light, M5A1 (37-mm Gun). Date of Introductions 19^2 Combat Weight: 16.9 tons. Crew: 4 Length: 15.9 ft. Pitch of Track: 5.5 in. Width: 7.5 ft. Number of Track Links: 132 Height: 7.5 ft. Trench Crossing Ability: 5»3 ft. Ground Clearance: 15 in. Fording Depth: 36 in. Tread Centers: 6.1 ft. Obstacle Ability: 18 in. Ground Contact: 120 in. Climbing Ability: 31° (6o£) slope. Width of Track: 11.6 in. Ground Pressure: 11.'J- lbs/sq. in. Type of Track: Rubber bushed, double pin. Radius of Action: 160 mi. on roads; 100 mi. (average conditions). Fuel Consumption: 1.2 mi/gal (average conditions). Fuel Capacity: 82 gal. Speed: 36 mph max; 20-25 mph cross-country. Suspension: Vertical volute spring, two bogies of two wheels each and three return rollers. Idler wheel rides on ground. Armor: Front - 1.5 in.; side - 1.1 in.; turret front - .5 in.; turret side - li25 in.; mantlet - 2 in. Armament: Two caliber .30 K1919A4. and two caliber .30 1-1919A5 machine guns. Muzzle Velocity (37-mm)(AP): 2,600 ft/sec Proj. Weight (37-mm)(AP): 1.9 lb. Ammunition Stowage: 37-mm - 147 rds. cal .30 - 6,500 rds. PLATE 85 LIGHT TRACKED ARTILLERY TRACTORS AT-L AND AT-L MODIFIED CARGO/PERSONNEL COMPARTMENT TRUCK-TYPE "3 SPOKE-TYPE ROAD WHEELS FRONT DRIVE SPROCKET AT-L MOD 5120 mm -« 2200 mm —- mm PLATE 86 LIGHT TRACKED ARTILLERY TRACTORS AT-L AND AT-L MODIFIED The Soviet AT-L . light tracked artillery tractor, featuring a truck-type cab and cargo "body, is the replacement for the M-2 artillery tractor. The suspension system of the original. AT-X, engployed six small road wheels and three return, rollers. Msdifications to the AT-L suspension system in 19^6 consisted of replacing the six road -wheels and three return rollers with five large road wheels. The primary role of these vehicles is to tow light field and antiaircraft artillery pieces and heavy mortars, and to transport the weapon crews and ammunition. CHARACTERISTIC? Crew——————— 2 Weight (net) ——-—•— —— 8 metric tons (9 short tons) (est) Personnel load ——— 12 Fayload -———— ——— — 2.7 metric tons .(3* short tons) (est) Length overall ——-—.—— —.—— 5120 mm (16.7 ft) Height overall • 2180 mm (7.1 ft) Width overall 2200 mm (7.2 ft) Track width — —— —— 300 mm (l ft) (est) Engine type and horsepower —— Diesel, 110 hp at 2000 rpm (est) Maximum speed ——— ————— 1»8 kn^hr (30 mph) (est) Cruising range — • 320 kt. (200 miles) (est) Maximum trench -—————. — 152^ mm (5 ft) (est) Maximum step————————— — 0.60 m (2 ft) (est) MEDIUM TRACKED ARTILLERY TRACTOR AT-S COMPARTMENT 8-PASSENGER CAB BOGIE ARMS w/8 WHEELS PLATE 87 MEDIUM TRACKED ARTILLERY TRACTOR ATT-S The Soviet AT-S medium artillery tractor is readily identifiable by its large (8-passenger) box-type cab and its suspension system with eight small road wheels per side mounted on four bogie arms* This artillery,tractor has replaced the older Komintern model as a prime mover for medium and heavy artillery, and has been distributed to other/Bloc countries.; Although the basic chassis has been used to mount toe 12-round.rocket launcher (page 243) its primary role is to tow artillery, and transport the artillery crew and ammunition. CHARACTERISTICS Weight (net) --— — - ————-ii.7 metric tons (13 short tons): (est) Personnel load — — 16 in body, 6 in cab Payload 6.3 metric tons (7 short tons) (est) Length overall ——————— —— 5880 mm (19.2 ft) Height overall I ——• • — 2580 mm (8.4 ft) Width overall '•———•—————— 2570 mm (8.4 ft) Track width ————————— —/330 mm (l ft 1 in) Engine type and horsepower --——— ———— Diesel, 210 hp (est) Maximum speed ——— .—0 km/hr (25 mph) (est) Cruising range ——— . —— 320 km (200 miles) (est) Maximum trench——————,————— 2.1m (7 ft) (est) Maximum step — ———— 0.75 m (2 ft 6 in) (est) GAZ-63 Cargo and Personnel Truck, 4x4 (2 tOTl) Tatra 137 Cargo Truck, 4x4(6 ton) RECOGNITION FEATURES UNCLASSIFIED -NAME PLATE FENDER GUIDES WINDOWS IN REAR OF CAB HEAD LIGHTS SET IN FENDER CARGO BODY DUAL WHEELS SPARE TIRc. RADIATOR GRILL 4-WHEEL DRIVE PLATE 88 ZIL-157, 6x6 Cargo Truck (5 tOEl) Tatra 111 Cargo Truck, 6 x 6(10 ton) (Czechoslovak Nomenclature Unknown) Tatra 111 Cargo Truck, 6x6 RECOGNITION FEATURES UNCLASSIFIED BOX-TYPE CAB WOODEN CARGO BODY TWO-PIECE WINDSHIELD TOOL BOX CURVED SPARE TIRE FENDERS DUAL REAR WHEELS MUD GUARDS PLATE 89 Tatra 111 Cargo Truck, 6 x 6(10 ton) (Czechoslovak Nomenclature Unknown) mm - "" •-: ...... - • Tatra 111 Cargo Truck, 6x6 RECOGNITION FEATURES UNCLASSIFIED i WOODEN CARGO BODY TWO-PIECE WINDSHIELD TOOL BOX CURVED FENDERS DUAL REAR WHEELS MUD GUARDS PLATE 89 TRACKED AMPHIBIAN K-61 TWO-PIECE WINDSHIELD WATER EXHAUST PIPES HEADLIGHT LOADING FAMP ENGINE EXHAUST Front View Rear View PLATE 90 TRACKED AMPHIBIAN K-61 The unarmored full-tracked amphibian K-6l transports cargo, equipment, and personnel In river-crossing operations. It Is capable of carrying a 152-mo howitzer and crew, or a GAZ-63 truck. The vehicle has seven road wheels and seven return rollers per side, and employs torsion-bar suspension. At the rear of the long, deep cargo compartment is a hinged tailgate, which forms a loading ramp when lowered. The X-6l is propelled in water by two large three-bladed propellers located low on the rear of the vehicle. CHARACTERISTICS Crew 2 Weight (empty) ——————————— 9.5 metric tons (lO.lt short tons) Personnel load — 50 (plus crew) Load capacity in water —— — 6 metric tons (6.6 short tons) Load capacity on land ———————— 3.1 metric tons (3.5 short tons) (est) Length overall — 9205 mm (30.2 ft) Height overall — 2118 mm (6.95 ft) Width overall 3135 mm (10.3 ft) Track width 300 mm (l ft) Engine type and horsepower Diesel, 210 hp Maximum road speed ——•—— ito km/hr (25 nrph) Maximum water speed 10 km/hr (6.2 mph) Cruising range 300 km (186 miles} Maximum trench — •— 2.3 m (7 ft 6 in) (est) Maximum step — — 0.60 (2 ft) (est) TRUCK, AMPHIBIOUS, 6X6, ZIL-485 (BAV) AND TRUCK, AMPHIBIOUS, 4X4, GAZ-46 The ZIL-^85 amphibious vehicle is constructed on the chassis of the Soviet ZIS/ZIL-151 truck, and closely resembles the World War II, United States DUKW, 6x6, amphibious truck. It can be readily distinguished from the DUKW by the long cargo compartment which extends to the rear extremity of the vehicle, and by the provision of a tailgate. It has been seen carrying the 85-mm divisional gun in its cargo space. Water propulsion is by a large three-bladed propeller located in the center of the rear of the vehicle. The GAZ-^6, sometimes referred to as the MA.V, is very similar in appear ance to the United States World War II amphibious jeep. It is built on the chassis of the GAZ-69, ^ x k truck. The GAZ-46 body is divided into three sections: bow, stern, and center. The bow and stem sections are covered by removable decks, whereas the center or personnel compartment has a canvas top which may be removed. The vehicle is driven in the water by a three-bladed propeller located at the rear. PLATE 91 TRUCK, AMPHIBIOUS, 6X6, ZIL-485 (BAV) AND TRUCK, AMPHIBIOUS, 4X4, GAZ-46 CHARACTERISTICS ZIL-485 GAZ-46 Weight (net) 6800 kg 1746 kg (14,994 lb) (31481 lb) Payload -——— 2200 kg (4841 lb) 360 kg (800 lb) Maximum toved load 900 kg ? (1984.5 lb) Persowel load 25 - 5 Wheelbase 3960 mm 2430 mm (155.9 in) (est) (95.6 in) Turuing radius ? - ? Length overall 9400 mm — 4930 mm (30.8 ft) (16.17 ft) Height overall 2690 mm 1778 mm (8.83 ft) (est) (5.83 ft) Width overall - 2500 mm (8.2 ft) i860 mm (6.08 ft) Ground clearance 280 mm 300 mm (11 in) (est) (11.8 in) Tire size ? 7.50 x 16.6 Engine type and horsepower -— 6-cylinder gasoline, — 4-cylinder gasoline, 110 hp 55 hp at 3600 rpnf Transmission (forward/ reverse) ?/? 3/1 Brakes ? - hydraulic Electrical system —— ? - 12 volt Suspension - front -— ? — ? - rear — 1 Semi-elliptic springs Maximum speed - land — 60 km/hr (37 mph) — 95 km/hr (60 mph) - water 9*6 km/hr — —• 7 to 8 km/hr (6 mph) (est) (4 to 5 nrph) Fuel - capacity — 300 L (79-2 gal) 90 L (23.8 gal) - consumption (highway) 62.5 I/IOO km 22.5 L/lOO km (3.8 mpg) (10.4 nrpg) Cruising range 480 km 400 km (300 miles) (est) (250 miles) (0ctober-1961) ILYUSHIN rcn The Beagle (11-28) is a light, twin-jet bomber designed by Ilyushin. Its fuselage is rounded, but it has an overall appearance of angu larity. The wings have square tips and join the fuselage sharply without fail ing. Straight lines are noticeable throughout the bomb er; even the long,J .pered engine nacelles have flat sides and a square look. Pronounced sweepback is a feature of the empennage. The high midwin< like the stabilizer, appears to have moderate dihedral. This all-metal jet bomber is the Soviet's counterpart of the English Canberra (U.S. B-57). The "Mascot" (I"11-28) is a training ver sion with a solid nose and an extra cockpit. The Beagle is in service with the satellite air forces and the Syrian Egyptian, Afghan, and Indonesian air forces as well as with the Soviet Air Forces. AIR FRAME OPERATIONAL DATA POWER PLANT Max. No. of Mfr. ILYUSHIN Range 1,200 approx. Engines 2 (Nout.Miles) Model Wing Crew No. Span 70' No. 3 Mfr. KLIMOV Max. Length 60' Speed 475 approx. (Knots ) Type Turbojet Combat Service Rating Weight 45,000 approx. Ceiling 50,000 approx. 6,000# (Lbs.) (Ft.) Each PLATE94 DOUGLAS B-26 INVADER The Invader B-26 is a mid-wing light bomber fit ted with twin radial engines protruding well be yond the trailing edge of the wings. The wings are long and narrow tapering to blunt tips with slight dihedral evident. The fuselage is straight and narrow and has a step-up aft. A large fin and rudder is set on the tapering tail. The stabilizer has dihedral. The B-26 was developed from the Havoc A-20 and is quite versatile. It can be fitted with a bombing nose or an all purpose attack nose. These noses are interchangeable. On June 26, 1946 an experimental version, the XA-26F, estab lished a speed record of 413 mph over a 621 mile course. SPAN: 70 0'. LENGTH: 5V2". ENGINE: R-2800/2,000 h. p. SPEED: 250 knots/5,000 ft. RANGE: 1,490 nautical miles/185 knots. ARMAMENT: 11 x .50 cal. PLATE 95 CIIRTISS-WRIGHT C-46 COMHAm The Commando is a low-wing monoplane powered by two radial engines. The center section of the wing is rectangular while the outer wing sections have sharply tapered leading edges and slightly tapered trailing edges with distinct dihedral. The engine cowls are round with a propeller hub set in the middle of each cowl. There is no canopy ex tension above the top of the round fuselage. A high fin and rudder tapers sharply on the leading edge and has a curved trailing edge and round top. The C-46 was originally designed as a commercial airliner. Aside from carrying cargo, it has been used for glider towing and as an ambulance and paratroop carrier. SPAN: 108 0". LENGTH: 76'4". ENGINE: R-2800/2,000 h. p. SPEED: 235 knots/13,300 ft. RANGE: 1,880 nautical miles/151 knots. ARMAMENT: None. PLATE 96 ' /- 4. "- ?l -.V ..:f 4;#! DOUGLAS C-47 SKYTRAIN The Skytrain is a twin-engine low-wing mono plane. The center section of wing has no dihedral. The outer section of leading edge has sharp taper while the trailing edge is straight and the tips are sharply rounded. There is noticeable dihedral in the outer wing section. The tail fin is faired for ward for about one-third the length of the fuse lage. The horizontal stabilizer is sharply tapered at the leading edge. The C-47 is a military version of the Douglas DC-3, one of the best known and most widely used commercial aircraft in the world. In the Navy it is designated the R4D while in England it is called the "Dakota". SPAN: 95'0". LENGTH: 63'9" ENGINE: R-1830/1,200 h. p. SPEED: 195 knots/6,250 ft. RANGE: 1,370 nautical miles/146 knots. ARMAMENT: None. PLATE 97 DOWLAS C-47 SKYTRAIN DOUGLAS C-54 SKYMASTER The Skymaster is a low-wing monoplane powered by four radial engines. The wings have dihedral from the roots with evenly tapered leading and trailing edges. The inboard engine nacelles are aligned slightly forward of the outboard engine nacelles. The rudder tapers evenly on the leading and trailing edges and has a rounded top. A point ed tail cone extends beyond the rudder at the end of the fib age. The C-54 "Skymaster" carries a crew of i':\* and has provisions for 49 troops or 36 litters, li- commercial designation is DC-4 and the Nav\ I• • -ij.r; ation is R5D. This airplane is bfar . of the burden of the "Berlin Airlift". SPAN: 117'6". LENGTH: 93'5". ENGINE: H-2000/1,450 h. p. SPEED: 259 knots/19,800 ft. RANGE: 1,650 nautical mixs/190 knots. ARMAMENT: None. PLATE 98 DOUGLAS C-54 SKYMASTER COLT U.S.S.R. LARGE VERTICAL FIN 8 RUDDER PROMINENT COCKPIT CANOPY * ^-RECTANGULAR r FUSELAGE •FIXED LANDING GEAR LARGE FLAPS ON BOTH WINGS PLATE 99 TRANSPORT AIRPLANE "COLT* CAMOJIET AH-2 AIRCRAFT AN-2 The Colt is a larger single-engine, cabin-type biplane. It is of single nagged construction designed for both military and civil use. Equipped with either wheels, skis, or floats this plane performs such diversified duties as: short-haul transport; liaisonj ambulance; paratroop dropping; photograph ic survey; and crop dusting. Full-span retractable slats on the leading edge of the upper wing and slotted flaps on both wings enable the Colt to operate from short airstrips. This aircraft is powered by a 9-cylinder radial engine turning a propeller having U crescent-shaped blades. The starter is an electrically energized inertia type,. Fuel tanks are located in the upper wing. The non-retractable landing gear is fitted with long stroke oleopneumatic shock absorbers. The fuselage, wing stubs, and tail fin are metal; the rest of the aircraft is fabric-covered. The well-instrumented cockpit has large overhanging glass panels affording good forward, rearward, and downward visibility. Normal accommodation is for 10 passengers on folding bench-type seats or 6 stretchers; however, as many as 111 troops have been carried. The passenger door, which swings inward, is on the port side. This door is set in a large rectangular panel opening upwards for loading cargo. CHARACTERISTICS Power Plant: Engine (No./type) ———— — l/ASh-^2IR Horsepower rating (normal/takeoff) —— 829/986 Propeller —————————————— ii-blade, controllable pitch Dimensions: Overall length ————— —— 12.8m (U2') Maximum height ———————— lul6m (13*7") Wing span (upper/lower) — l8,2m(59,8,,)/U+»2lyn(U6,8H) Cargo compartment (length, width, height) — ltm( 13'5")/l,6m(5'3" )/l,8m(6') Weights and Capacities: Empty weight ——— —— 3,300 kg (7,260 lb) Normal gross weight ——— — 5,250 kg (11,550 lb) Troops/cargo ————————— lu/l,2k0 kg (2,728 lb) Crew —————————— 2 Fuel capacity —————————— $00 kg (1,100 lb) 183 gal Performance: Maximum speed ————————— lUO knots Cruising speed ——————— 108 knots Stalling speed (flaps and power) ——— 35 knots Range (normal/ferry) ————— kQ6/9h$ nautical miles Rate-pf-climb ———————— 3,9 m/sec (770 f.p.m.) Landing distance (ground run) ——— 150m (U921) Takeoff distance to clear 50* ————— k$0m (1,JU70*) Service ceiling —————————— 8,230m (27,000*) ILYUSHIH . Max. Mfr. ILYUSHIN Speed 265 approx. (Knots) Service Wing Ceiling Span 104' 23,000 approx. (Ft.) No. & Type Length 70' of Engines 2 Piston Combat Weight 30,000 plus Model Ash-82 (Lbs.) No. Max. Range 1,500 approx. Mfr. ASH (Nout.Miles) Crew Rating No. 4 Each 1,900 hp. The Crate (IL-14), a low-wing twin-engined transport, is the backbone of Soviet air transportation. It differs from the Coach (IL-12) mainly in that it has a squared rudder and blunter wing tips. It retains the Coach's tapered wings, dorsal fin, and retractable, tricycle-type landing gear with dual main wheels that retract into the engine nacelles. The Crate is produced in East Germany and Czechoslovakia as 1 as in the Soviet Union. Il-14's have been given to the heads of state of many African and Asian nations for their personal use. Egypt and Indonesia have received large numbers of these aircraft. Later versions have been built with slightly longer fuselages. BRITANNIA BRISTOL DATA APPLY TO BRITANNIA C.L Max. Mfr. BRISTOL Speed 349 (Knots) Service Wing Ceiling Span 142' 30,000 (Ft.) No. & Type Length 124' of Engines 4 Turboprop Combat Model Weight 180,000 No. Proteus 255 (Lbs.) Max. Range 4,540 Mfr. BRISTOL (Naut. Miles) Crew Rating No. 3-5 Each 4,310 eshp. The Bristol Britannia is a turboprop cargo or passenger transport developed for mili tary as well as civil use. Several versions were produced, including the RAF Trans port Command standard Britannia C.l. Commercial versions are of the 300 Series. Recognition features include the longer-than-usual extension of the four engine na celles ahead of the wings, the large vertical tail surfaces, and the engine exhausts extending over the wing trailing edge. PLATE 100 MIKOYAN-GUREVICH FISHBED Max. Approx. Mach Mfr. MIKOYAN Speed (Knots) 1.5 plus Wing Service 25' approx. Ceiling 60,000 approx. Span (Ft.) No. & Type Length 50' approx. of Engines 1 Turbojet Combat Weight 12,000 approx. Model (Lbs.) No. Max. Range 1,000 approx. Mfr. (Naut.Miles) Crew Rating No. 1 Each 12,000 approx. The Fishbed A and Fishbed B are delta-wing, supersonic day-fighters. They were first seen together with the Fishpot, which they resemble closely, in 1956 at a Soviet Aviation Display. The Fishbed A has the same tubular fuselage and general con figuration as Fishbed B, with the exception of pointed wingtips and a modified fairing at the horizontal tail-fuselage junction. Both the A and B have a fixed compression cone in the center of the air intake. A tricycle landing gear is fitted on both. Armament probably consists of two guns on the underside of the fuselage. ILYUSHIN COOT Max. Mfr ILYUSHIN Speed 350 (Knots) Service Wing Ceiling Spon 123' 30,000 approx. (Ft.) No. & Type Length 117' of Engines 4 Turboprop Combat Model Weight 128,000 No. AI-20 (Lbs.) AAax. Range 2,800 Mfr. IvCHENKO (Naut. Miles) Crew Rating No. 5 Each 4,000 eshp. The Coot (11-18) is a four-engine, turboprop civil transport used by the USSR on international services as well as internal routes. In flight, the aircraft generally re sembles the DC-6 but closer view shows its engines to be mounted well forward and atop the wings in a manner similar to the engine installations on the Lockheed Electra. Underwing nacelles for the main landing gear are incorporated with the inboard engines. The wings are low-mounted midway on the fuselage and neither they nor the tail surfaces are swept. The straight vertical stabilizer fairs into the fuselage, and the horizontal stabilizer is fuselage-mounted. The Coot can carry up to 100 passengers, with about 75 in the normal first-class configuration. REPUBLIC F-47 THUNDERBOLT The Thunderbolt is a low mid-wing monoplane with single radial engine. The wing has a slightly- tapered leading edge and curved trailing edge with blunt tips (earlier models had rounded tips) and full dihedral from roots. An oval shaped engine cowl with propeller hub set above center is faired into a rather thick fuselage with a sharp ridge down its sloping back. There is a single fin and rudder with pronounced taper on leading edge and curved trailing edge. The Thunderbolt was de signed as a high altitude fighter in 1941, and was one of the largest and fastest single engine fight ers of the USAF when America entered World War II. SPAN: 42'6". LENGTH: 361". ENGINE: R-2800/2,100 h. p. SPEED: 390 knots/35,000 ft. RANGE: 2,020 nautical miles/244 knots. ARMAMENT: 8 x .50 cal. PLATE 101 REPUBLIC F-47 THUNDERBOLT The Mustang is a low-wing monoplane powered by a single liquid-cooled engine. The radiator air scoop is a channel-section structure attaching un der and forming the lower portion of the main fuselage. The wings have evenly tapered leading and trailing edges with square tips and full di hedral from the roots. The single fin and rudder is sharply tapered on the leading edge, with a square top, and slightly tapered trailing edge. The prototype model of the F-51 was designed, built and flown (October 1940) in 100 days and put into production before the end of 1940. It was valuable for reconnaissance and long range escort-fighter missions. SPAN: 37 0". LENGTH: 33'4". ENGINE: V-1650/1,495 h. p. SPEED: 425 knots/22,700 ft. RANGE: 1,720 nautical miles/236 knots. ARMAMENT: 6 x .50 caL MAY 1949 PLATE I02 USA AFM 50-40 MAY 1949 OPNAV 32P-1200 MIKUTAN-taUKtVlbtt f/UiUi The Fagot ( ATI(i — 1 ) is a si11 AIR FRAME OPERATIONAL DATA POWER PLANT MIKOYAN, Max. No. of Mfr. Range 430 approx. Engines 1 GUREVICH (Nout.Miles) Model VK-1 Wing Crew No. Span 33'1" No. 1 Mfr. V. KLIMOV Max. Length 33'5" Speed 575 S/L approx. ( Knots ) Type Turbojet Combat Service Weight 10,000 approx. Ceiling 50,000 plus Ratinq 5,500# to 6,000# (Lbs.) (Ft.) Each PLATE 103 MIKOYAN-bURtVICH FARMER The Farmer (MIG-19) is a single-seat, midwing, twin-jet fighter. It was first seen publicly as part of a Soviet Aviation Day Display in 1955. The Farmer's wings and slab-shaped tail surfaces are swept-back more than 40 degrees. The short fuselage is flat on both toj) and bottom, (lose-up recognition features include the oblate nose air inlet, wing fences, empennage overhanging the tailpipe ex haust, and the fuselage-mounted horizontal stabilizer. The overall appearance of the Farmer is that of a "swept" airplane whose fuse lage has been run between rollers for flattening. The Farmer is able to exceed the speed of sound in level flight. At present it is in large- scale service with the Soviet Air Force. It is also being built in Czechoslovakia. Armament consists of two 23-mm guns. AIR FRAME OPERATIONAL DATA POWER PLANT MIKOYAN, Max. No. of Mfr. Range 1,400 approx. Engines 2 GUREVICH (Naut.Miles) Model Wing Crew No. Span 32' approx. No. 1 Mfr. Max. Length 42' approx. Speed 675 S/L plus (Knots) Type Turbojet Combat Service Weight 15,000 approx. Ceiling 60,000 approx. dating Approx. 6,500# each (Lbs.) (Ft.) Each P ATE 104 MIKOYAN AND liUREVICH FRESC0 The "Fresco" is an improved successor to the "Fal con" (MIG-15) and has been seen in fly-bys over Moscow during recent Soviet air shows. This new single-jet fighter marks another advance in Soviet jet fighter design. Patterned after the Falcon, this new aircraft appears to have greater sweepback to its wings and to be more slender and tapered than its predecessor. The cockpit is mounted well for ward and square-tipped swept-back wings are midmounted. The prominent fin and rudder appear more slender and slightly less swept-back than the tail of the Falcon. The smooth line from Fresco's rudder's trailing edge to the jet exhaust is noticeably different than the Falcon's prominent stepback rudder. A keel-like bulge is evident on the underside of the after-end of the fuselage. SPAN: 34 0" LENGTH: 36'0" ENGINE: Turbojet/more than 6,000 lbs. thrust. MAX. SPEED: More than 600 knots. RANGE: More than 600 nautical miles. ARMAMENT: 1 x 37 mm; 2 x 33 mm. PI ATP ID'S •FRESCO" MIO-17 The FRESCO is an improved version of the MIG-15. This air craft has greater sweepback to its wings and is more slender and tapered than its predecessor. The cockpit is mounted well for ward and the square-tloped sweptback wings are mid-mounted. A keel-like bulge is evident on the underside of the after-end of the fuselage. CHARACTERISTICS Span.. 3V Length 36* Engine 6,000 lbs thrust turbojet Maximum speed More than 600 kts Range...... More than 600 nautical ml Armament 1x37mm 2x33mm GENERAL MOTORS TBM AVENGER The TBM Avenger is a Grumman design (F) later manufactured by General Motors (M), $nd was the worldTs best torpedo bomber during World War II. It first gained wide publicity in the Battle of Midway. This versatile aircraft is still widely used in the fleet but is being replaced by single seat type attack aircraft. The Avenger can be recognized by its tall squarish fin and rudder sharply faired into the oversized dorsal turret greenhouse, and the break in the ventral side of the fuselage aft of the trailing edge of the wing. The tapered wing has straight inboard panels and dihedral on the tapered square tipped outboard panels. SPAN: 54'2". LENGTH: 40'11". ENGINE: R-2600/1.800 h, p. SPEED: 235 knots/16,500 ft. RANGE: 1,510 nautical miles/128 knots. ARMAMENT: 3 x .50 cal., 1 x .30 cal. PLATE 106 GENERAL MOTORS TBM AVENGER The T-33 is a two-place trainer version of the F-80 Shooting Star modified for the mission of transition and training of pilots for jet type fighter aircraft. This aircraft basically resembles the F-94 and F-97 also versions of the Shooting Star. The T-33 does not have an after burner as does the F-94 and F-97. Wings and tail surfaces are the same as those of the F-80. Provisions for two jettisonable 1,000 pound thrust Rocket Assist take-off units (RATO) are in corporated in the bottom of the fuselage. The cock pit utilizes a pressurization system, "G" suit pro visions and ejector seats. Navy designation of the T-33 is TO-2. SPAN: 38'9". LENGTH: 37'8". ENGINE: J33-A-23/5,400-lb. thrust. SPEED: 504 knots/7,000 ft. RANGE: 1,086 nautical miles/381 knots. ARMAMENT: 2 x .50 cal. PI ATE 107 LOCKHEED T-33 GSi *£ wafe laan . The GST is the U. S. PBY-5 "Catalina" built un der license in the U. S. S. R. The meaning of the designation GST is unknown. It is a twin-engine, parasol-wing, flying-boat. The wing center section is parallel in chord, supported above the hull on a streamlined superstructure and is braced to the hull by parallel struts. The outer panels have slight taper to square tips. Lateral stabilizing floats retract outward to form end caps at the wing tips. The hull is a two-step type with semi circular top. A stabilizer is carried high on the single fin. The PBY-5 was also built in Canada by a subsidiary of Boeing and named the Canso. SPAN: 104'0". LENGTH: 63'10". ENGINE: Ash-62 IR; radial/985 h. p. SPEED: 160 knots/10,000 ft. RANGE: 2,300 nautical miles/100 knots. ARMAMENT: 5 x 7.6 mm.; flexible. PLATE 108 HARE ENGINE COOLING VENTS m 3-BLADE MAIN ROTOR TRICYCLE LANDING GEAR PLEXIGLAS PANEL STABILIZERS 1 V/ 3-BLADE TAIL ROTOR ON STARBOARD SIDE PLATE !09 UTILITY HELICOPTER "HARE" BEPTO/IET MU-I HELICOPTER MM The Hare is a conventional design Soviet helicopter used for a variety of purposes such as reconnaissance, liaison, and utility. It is also manufactured in Poland under the designation SM-1. The fuselage, constructed of steel-tube framework, has a metal cover ing; the engine is mounted horizontally in the center of the fuselage with the fuel tank directly behind. The Hare utilizes a compressed air starter, and the main gearbox is located above the engine in the rotor pylon. Both the main and tail rotor blades are of vood, metal, and fabric construction and have provisions for employing a'fluid anti-icing system. A tricycle landing gear is utilized with oleopneumatic shock-absorbers and a fully castoring nosewheel. The cabin provides accommodations for a pilot in front and either 2 passengers with parachutes or 3 without on the rear bench seat. The cock pit is fully instrumented, and large plexiglas windows provide good visi bility. An improved version of the^Hare, designated the Mi-3, has been re ported with a more pbwerful engine, a U-blade rotor, and a larger fuse lage. The Mi-3 was being flight tested in early 1957} present status is not known. CHARACTERISTICS Power Plant: Engine (No./type) 1/AI-26V, 7-cylinder, radial Horsepower rating (normal/takeoff) —- 430/575 Dimensions: Overall length — 16.95m (55« 7") Maximum height -• -— 3«3m (10* 10") Fuselage (length, width, height) 12.1m/1.5m/2.5m (UO«9wA,7"/7l7n) Main rotor — 3-blade, 14.3m(47*) diameter Tail rotor —• — — 3-blade, 2.5m (8• 3") diameter Weights and Capacities: Empty wei^it — • 1,785 kg (3,927 lb) Normal gross weight — — 2,250 kg (4,950 lb) Passenger/cargo 2-3/160 kg (352 lb) Crew. — — — 1 Fuel capacity —< 64 gal Performance: Maximum speed — — 108 knots at sea level Cruising speed —————— — 75 knots at 3,280 ft Cruising range —— 20U nautical miles Rate-of-climb (maximum/normal) — 6.5A m/sec (1,280/788 f'.p.m.) Hovering ceiling out of ground effect - 3,000m (9,840 ft) Hovering ceiling in ground effect 3,300m (10,810 ft) Service ceiling — 5,000m (16,400 ft) HOUND Max. Mfr. MIL Speed 140 approx. (Knots) Rotor Service Ceili.ig Span 70' 18,000 approx. (Ft.) Length No. & Type 55' of Engines 1 Piston Combat Weight 11,000 approx. Model (Lbs.) No. Ash-82 Max. Range 200 approx. Mfr. ASH (Naut.Miles) Crew Rating No. 2 Each 1,800 hp. The Hound is a single-rotor general purpose helicopter. Recognition features include a droop-snoot look, a container attachment mounted on the underside of the fuselage, and a fixed, four-wheel landing gear. The Hound carries a crew of two and can accommodate ten passengers or fourteen troops. Bulky freight is loaded through clamshell doors at the rear of the main fuselage. Besides passenger and cargo trans port, the Hound is used for agricultural and fire-figliting purposes. On April 26, 1956, a modified Hound set an altitude record of 19,843 ft. The Hound has seen service in the Arctic and Antarctic. PLATE 110 SIKORSKY H04S (N) & H-19 (AF) The Sikorsky H04S (N), H-19 (AF) pictured with its clam-shell maintenance doors ajar is a conven ROTOR SPAN: 53 0 '. LENGTH: 4011". tional main rotor and tail torque rotor helicopter. ENGINE: R-1340/600 h. p. Its mission is search, rescue, and liaison. This heli SPEED: 90 knots. copter, evolved from the smaller H-5H, has a fixed ENDURANCE: 3 hours.. quadricycle landing gear. The main fuselage sec tion is boxlike with a round nose and accommodates eight litters and one attendant. A stabilizing fin extends out from the tail tube. /> H-13 Helicopter (US) PLATE III HAWKER AIRCRAFT SEA FURY The Sea Fury single seat naval fighter is in opera tional service in the Royal Navy, the Royal Cana dian Navy, the Royal Australian Navy and the Royal Netherlands Navy. It is the last piston- engined fighter to be built in quantity in Great Britain. The Sea Fury has also been built by Fokker of Holland. Designated Sea Fury F. B. Mk. 51, it is similar to the F. B. Mk. 11 but has Dutch language instruments. The Sea Fury F. Mk. 10 was the first British production version which was followed by a slightly modified F. B. Mk. 11. This newer version has seen service in Korea where it shot down a MIG-15. A trainer version, the T. Mk. 20 is a two-seater with an elongated bubble canopy. The wings of the Sea Fury fold up similar to the Corsair's. Its weight is approximately 12,500 pounds. SPAN: 38'5" LENGTH: 34'8" ENGINE: Bristol Centaurus, radial/2,470 h. p. MAX. SPEED: 390 knots/20,000 ft. RANGE: 915 nautical miles/245 knots. ARMAMENT: 4 x 20 mm; 12 x 3" rockets; 2 x 500- lb. bombs. PLATE 112 SEA FURY 10 MAX 1949 The Vampire 3 is a mid-wing, single-engine, jet- propelled, twin-boom fighter. The wings are evenly tapered from the roots where the air in takes are accommodated, to the rounded tips. A pilot's pressurized cockpit is ahead of the wings leading edge affording excellent visibility. Twin fins and rudders are mounted above the tail booms with a single elevator between. In March 1948, a Ghost-engined Vampire flew to 59,492 feet for an International Altitude Record. In addition to m being in RAF service, the Vampire has been adopted as a standard fighter type by many of the European and Scandinavian countries. SPAN: 40'0". LENGTH: 30'9". ENGINE: Goblin 2 turbo-jet/3,100-lb. thrust. SPEED: 470 knots/20,000 ft. RANGE: 807 nautical miles/391 knots. ARMAMENT: 4 x 20 mm. PLATE 113 AFM 50-40 MAY 1949 OPNAV 32P-1200 ILYUSHIN CLAM (IL—18) The "Clam"(IL-18) is a four-engined low-wing trans port with a capacity of 66 passengers.- From a recognition view, its fuselage appears to be cigar shaped with no prominent windshield. The Clam wing roots are faired into the fuselage with the fairing extending aft of the trailing edge of the wing. Its wings taper on both leading and trailing edges to relatively narrow chord rounded wing tips. The prominent triangular fin has a slight forward fairing along the top of the fuselage. A tricycle landing gear with dual wheels is fitted. Superficially the Clam resembles the British Tudor 7 and is evidently a scaled-up "Coach" (IL-12) also designed by Ilyushin. The Clam is slightly larger than the DC-4. Its take-off weight is around 90,000 pounds. The Clam has not been sighted often. SPAN: 131'0" LENGTH: 100 0" ENGINE: 4/Ash-82 FN radial/1,825 h. p. each. MAX. SPEED: 240 knots/15,000 ft. RANGE: 1,700 nautical miles/175 knots. ARMAMENT: None. PLATE 114 MIKOYAN-GUREVICH FRESCO The Fresco (MIG-17) is an improved successor to the Fagot (MIG- 15) and has been seen in fly-bys over Moscow during Soviet air shows. There are four versions of this aircraft. Points of differ ence include a fuselage tail when an afterburner is used, and a radar equipped nose-section. Patterned after the Fagot, this new air craft appears to have greater sweepback to its wings and to be more slender and tapered than its predecessor. The cockpit is mounted well forward, and blunt-tipped sweptback wings are midmounted. The prominent fin and rudder resemble the sweptback tail of the Fagot, but the smooth line from the rudder's trailing edge to the jet exhaust is noticeably different from the Fagot's prominent step- back rudder. A keel-like bulge is evident on the underside of the afterend of the fuselage. One version of the Fresco, the Fresco 1), is a radar-equipped, all-weather fighter with a slight nose modifi cation. The Fresco is in service with Sino-Soviet-Satellite air ALTERNATE NOSE ^ forces, as well as Syrian/Egyptian, Afghan, and Indonesian air forces. Armament consists of one 37mm and two 23mm guns. AIR FRAME OPERATIONAL DATA POWER PLANT MIKOYAN, Max. 1,100 plus No. of 1 Mfr. Range Engines GUREVICH (Naut.Miles) with extra fuel Model No. VK-1 Wing Crew Span 32' No. 1 Mfr. KLIMOV Max. Length 36' Speed 625 S/L plus (Knots ) Type Turbojet Combat Service Rating Approx. 8,000# Weight Ceiling 55,000 plus 12,000 approx. Each \ (Lbs.) (Ft.) with A.B. PLATE" 115 SUKHOI FISHBEC Max. Mfr. SUKHOI Speed Approx. Mach (Knots) 1.5 plus Wing Service Ceiling Span 25' approx. 60,000 approx. (Ft.) Length No. & Type 50' approx. of Engines 1 Turbojet Combat Weight Model (Lbs.) 12,000 approx. No. Max. Range Mfr. (Naut. Miles) 1,000 approx. Crew Rating No. 1 Each 12,000 approx. The Fishbed A and Fislibed B are delta-wing, supersonic day-fighters. They were first seen together with the Fishpot, which they resemble closely, in 1956 at a Soviet Aviation Display. The Fishbed A has the same tubular fuselage and general con figuration as Fishbed B, with the exception of pointed wingtips and a modified fairing at the horizontal tail-fuselage junction. Both the A and B have a fixed compression cone in the center of the air intake. A tricycle landing gear is fitted on both. Armament probably consists of two guns on the underside of the fuselage. FISHPOT Max. Mfr. Speed Approx. Mach 2 (Knots) Service Wing 25' approx. Ceiling 50,000 approx. Span (Ft.) No. & Type Length 50' approx. of Engines 1 Turbojet Combat Weight 13,000 approx. Model (Lbs.) No. Max. Range 1,000 approx. Mfr. (Naut. Miles) Crew Rating No. 1 Each 14,000# plus The Fishpot is a delta-wing, all-weather, supersonic fighter. It was first seen by Western observers in 1956, and now is believed to be in full-scale production. Recog nition features of this Mach 2 fighter include a long, tubular fuselage with slight taper aft of the wings trailing edge; a midmounted delta wing with approximately 50° sweepback on the leading edge; a conventional sweptback tail assembly with squared tips; and a cone-shaped radar installation at the top of the air intake. A retractable tricycle-type landing gear is fitted. The Fishpot is powered by a high- thrust turbojet engine. PLATE 116 GENERAL ARMY DRESS PLATE 121 MUSETTE BA9 FIELD DRESS PLATE 122 INSIGNIA OF RANK OFFICER ENLISTED COMMAUDAMTCy/ MAJOR 1ST SCRMANT FZ3 CAPTAIN SERGEANT V~D.ST LIEUTENANT CORPORAL ED ZWO LIEUTENANT PEC. PLATE 123 berets are &LA£K OR GREEN MILITIA POSITIONS OF OFFICERS METAL RANK INSIGNIA PLATE 124 WING AIRCRAFT IMMIIA RL/ODER SAME AS BELOW OLD RUDDER WING NEW PLATE 125 STANDARD VEHICLE MARKING PLATE 126 DivO P3822.1 2/jlh LOCATOR SHEET Cubj: Foreign Military Equipment Recognition Plates location: (Indicate the iocation(s) ox the copy(ieuj of thij publication.) 1 ENCLOSURE (l) ^I J "COMBINED ARMS REsiARCH LIBRARY FORT LEAVENWORTH, KS _ 3 1695 00529 3337 V