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Epicladium Small Or Guarianthe Dressler & We Higgins (Orchidaceae)?
LANKESTERIANA 5(1): 63-67. 2005. EPICLADIUM SMALL OR GUARIANTHE DRESSLER & W.E. HIGGINS (ORCHIDACEAE)? JOHN BECKNER Curator Orchid Identification Center, Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, 811 South Palm Ave., Sarasota, Florida 32667, USA. [email protected] ABSTRACT. Guarianthe Dressler & W.E.Higgins as a genus has found little favor with orchid growers. If these species are a distinct genus from Cattleya Lindl., under any name, the effects will be substantial. All taxa of this alliance are of considerable horticultural importance, as species and in the ancestry of thousands of garden hybrids. In any case, Guarianthe cannot be replaced by Epicladium Small, which was based on Epidendrum boothianum. RESUMEN. El nombre genérico Guarianthe Dressler & W.E.Higgins ha sido poco aceptado por los horticultores. Si se trata de un género diferente a Cattleya Lindl., este hecho es significativo. Todas las especies de Guarianthe tienen gran importancia hortícola y han dado origen a miles de híbridos artificiales. En todo caso, Guarianthe no puede ser reemplazado por Epicladium Small, el cual se basa en Epidendrum boothianum. Ambos nombres genéricos no son equivalentes. KEY WORDS / PALABRAS CLAVE: Cattleya, Epicladium, Guarianthe, botanical nomenclature. Julian Shaw, Royal Horticulture Society Senior names, merely numbers, letters, and brief diagnosis. Registrar for Orchid Hybrids, has announced (Shaw They are groups of species that are rather arbitrary, 2004) that: “Guarianthe Predated by Epicladium. and there are no types singled out, so they need not Epicladium (Lindl.) Small is the name with date influence later nomenclature. Of the species Lindley priority for the generic concept recently described gives under Epidendrum, only E. -
The Diversity of Wild Orchids in the Southern Slope of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Eight Years After the 2010 Eruption
BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 21, Number 9, September 2020 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 4457-4465 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210964 The diversity of wild orchids in the southern slope of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia eight years after the 2010 eruption FEBRI YUDA KURNIAWAN1,2,♥, FAUZANA PUTRI2,3, AHMAD SUYOKO2,3, HIMAWAN MASYHURI2,3, MAYA PURQI SULISTIANINGRUM2,3, ENDANG SEMIARTI3,♥♥ 1Postgraduate School, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Jl. Teknika Utara, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Tel./fax. +62-274-544975, email: [email protected] 2Biology Orchid Study Club (BiOSC), Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 3Department of Tropical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Tel./fax.: +62-274-580839, email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 21 August 2020. Revision accepted: 31 August 2020. Abstract. Kurniawan FY, Putri F, Suyoko A, Masyhuri H, Sulistianingrum MP, Semiarti E. 2020. The diversity of wild orchids in the southern slope of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia eight years after the 2010 eruption. Biodiversitas 21: 4457-4465. The ecosystem of the slopes of Mount Merapi is mountain tropical forest which is frequently affected by volcanic activities. The dynamics of the volcano affect the diversity and abundance of orchids in the ecosystem. Tritis is an area included in the Turgo Hill of the southern slope of Mount Merapi and is under the management of Mount Merapi National Park. The ecosystem in Tritis area classified as lower mountain forest and it has been affected by Mount Merapi eruption. This study aimed to do an inventory of orchid species in Tritis to know the diversity and abundance of orchids that exist in this area. -
Phylogenetic Placement of the Enigmatic Orchid Genera Thaia and Tangtsinia: Evidence from Molecular and Morphological Characters
TAXON 61 (1) • February 2012: 45–54 Xiang & al. • Phylogenetic placement of Thaia and Tangtsinia Phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic orchid genera Thaia and Tangtsinia: Evidence from molecular and morphological characters Xiao-Guo Xiang,1 De-Zhu Li,2 Wei-Tao Jin,1 Hai-Lang Zhou,1 Jian-Wu Li3 & Xiao-Hua Jin1 1 Herbarium & State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P.R. China 2 Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, P.R. China 3 Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun Township, Mengla County, Yunnan province 666303, P.R. China Author for correspondence: Xiao-Hua Jin, [email protected] Abstract The phylogenetic position of two enigmatic Asian orchid genera, Thaia and Tangtsinia, were inferred from molecular data and morphological evidence. An analysis of combined plastid data (rbcL + matK + psaB) using Bayesian and parsimony methods revealed that Thaia is a sister group to the higher epidendroids, and tribe Neottieae is polyphyletic unless Thaia is removed. Morphological evidence, such as plicate leaves and corms, the structure of the gynostemium and the micromorphol- ogy of pollinia, also indicates that Thaia should be excluded from Neottieae. Thaieae, a new tribe, is therefore tentatively established. Using Bayesian and parsimony methods, analyses of combined plastid and nuclear datasets (rbcL, matK, psaB, trnL-F, ITS, Xdh) confirmed that the monotypic genus Tangtsinia was nested within and is synonymous with the genus Cepha- lanthera, in which an apical stigma has evolved independently at least twice. -
Generic and Subtribal Relationships in Neotropical Cymbidieae (Orchidaceae) Based on Matk/Ycf1 Plastid Data
LANKESTERIANA 13(3): 375—392. 2014. I N V I T E D P A P E R* GENERIC AND SUBTRIBAL RELATIONSHIPS IN NEOTROPICAL CYMBIDIEAE (ORCHIDACEAE) BASED ON MATK/YCF1 PLASTID DATA W. MARK WHITTEN1,2, KURT M. NEUBIG1 & N. H. WILLIAMS1 1Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611-7800 USA 2Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT. Relationships among all subtribes of Neotropical Cymbidieae (Orchidaceae) were estimated using combined matK/ycf1 plastid sequence data for 289 taxa. The matrix was analyzed using RAxML. Bootstrap (BS) analyses yield 100% BS support for all subtribes except Stanhopeinae (87%). Generic relationships within subtribes are highly resolved and are generally congruent with those presented in previous studies and as summarized in Genera Orchidacearum. Relationships among subtribes are largely unresolved. The Szlachetko generic classification of Maxillariinae is not supported. A new combination is made for Maxillaria cacaoensis J.T.Atwood in Camaridium. KEY WORDS: Orchidaceae, Cymbidieae, Maxillariinae, matK, ycf1, phylogenetics, Camaridium, Maxillaria cacaoensis, Vargasiella Cymbidieae include many of the showiest align nrITS sequences across the entire tribe was Neotropical epiphytic orchids and an unparalleled unrealistic due to high levels of sequence divergence, diversity in floral rewards and pollination systems. and instead to concentrate our efforts on assembling Many researchers have posed questions such as a larger plastid data set based on two regions (matK “How many times and when has male euglossine and ycf1) that are among the most variable plastid bee pollination evolved?”(Ramírez et al. 2011), or exon regions and can be aligned with minimal “How many times have oil-reward flowers evolved?” ambiguity across broad taxonomic spans. -
00004-2005 ( .Pdf )
ESTE NÚMERO DE LANKESTERIANA FUE PUBLICADO GRACIAS AL GENTIL PATROCINIO DE LA FUNDACIÓN CHARLES H. LANKESTER ISSN 1409-3871 VOL. 5, No. 1 ABRIL 2005 Memoria de uno de los grandes de la orquideología mundial: Karlheinz Senghas (1928-2004) CARLOS O. MORALES 1 Análisis de la literatura sobre plantas medicinales en Costa Rica (1930-2001) MILDRED GARCÍA-GONZÁLEZ & CARLOS O. MORALES 3 El complejo de Campyloneurum angustifolium (Sw.) Fée (Polypodiaceae) en Costa Rica ALEXÁNDER FCO. ROJAS ALVARADO 41 Una nueva especie de Blechnum L. (Blechnaceae) en el neotrópico ALEXÁNDER FCO. ROJAS ALVARADO 49 Bryophytes of the Santa Elena Peninsula and Islas Murciélago, Guanacaste, Costa Rica, with special attention to neotropical dry forest habitats GREGORIO DAUPHIN L. & MICHAEL H. GRAYUM 53 Epicladium Small or Guarianthe Dressler & W.E. Higgins (Orchidaceae)? JOHN BECKNER 63 Chemical composition of the leaf oil of Peperomia hernandiifolia (Piperaceae) from Costa Rica JOSÉ F. CICCIÓ 69 Transfers to Epidendrum L. from Oerstedella Rchb. f. ERIC HÁGSATER & MIGUEL A. SOTO ARENAS 73 Continúa LA REVISTA CIENTÍFICA DEL JARDÍN BOTÁNICO LANKESTER UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA LANKESTERIANA Another new species of Stanhopea (Orchidaceae) from Peru RUDOLF JENNY 77 Una nueva especie y un nuevo registro de Drymonia (Gesneriaceae) en Costa Rica RICARDO KRIEBEL 81 Sobre un opus magnum de la orquideología neotropical: HÁGSATER, E. & SÁNCHEZ SALDAÑA, L. (EDS.). 2004. ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM, FASC. 7, THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM, PART 4, “A FOURTH CENTURY OF NEW SPECIES IN EPIDENDRUM” CARLOS O. MORALES 85 LANKESTERIANA LA REVISTA CIENTÍFICA DEL JARDÍN BOTÁNICO LANKESTER UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA Copyright © 2005 Jardín Botánico Lankester, Universidad de Costa Rica Fecha efectiva de publicación / Effective publication date: 30 de abril del 2005 Diagramación: Jardín Botánico Lankester Imprenta: Litografía Ediciones Sanabria S.A. -
Estudio De Factibilidad De Exportación De Orquídeas Ecuatorianas Utilizando La Estrategia B2c”
UNIVERSIDAD DE GUAYAQUIL FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS MAESTRÍA EN NEGOCIOS INTERNACIONALES CON MENCION EN COMERCIO EXTERIOR TESIS PRESENTADA PARA OPTAR EL GRADO DE MAGÍSTER EN NEGOCIOS INTERNACIONALES CON MENCIÓN EN COMERCIO EXTERIOR “ESTUDIO DE FACTIBILIDAD DE EXPORTACIÓN DE ORQUÍDEAS ECUATORIANAS UTILIZANDO LA ESTRATEGIA B2C” ELABORADOR POR: TANIA PALACIOS SARMIENTO TUTOR DE TESIS: ING. MARIO VASQUEZ J. GUAYAQUIL – ECUADOR DICIEMBRE - 2015 1 DERECHOS DE AUTORÍA POR MEDIO DE LA PRESENTE CERTIFICO QUE LOS CONTENIDOS DESARROLLADOS EN ESTA TESIS SON DE ABSOLUTA PROPIEDAD Y RESPONSABILIDAD DE TANIA PALACIOS S. CON C.C. No. 0917542672, CUYO TEMA ES: “ESTUDIO DE FACTIBILIDAD DE EXPORTACIÓN DE ORQUÍDEAS ECUATORIANAS UTILIZANDO LA ESTRATEGIA B2C” TANIA PALACIOS S. C.C. No. 0917542672 GUAYAQUIL, DICIEMBRE DE 2015. 2 CERTIFICACIÓN DEL TUTOR ING. COM. MARIO VASQUEZ JIMENEZ, TUTOR DE LA TESIS PARA GRADO DENOMINADA: “ESTUDIO DE FACTIBILIDAD DE EXPORTACIÓN DE ORQUÍDEAS ECUATORIANAS UTILIZANDO LA ESTRATEGIA B2C” COMO REQUISITO PARA OPTAR POR EL TÍTULO DE MAGISTER EN NEGOCIOS INTERNACIONALES POR LA EGRESADA: TANIA PALACIOS S. C.C. No. 0917542672 CERTIFICA QUE: SE HA DESARROLLADO, REVISADO Y APROBADO EN TODAS SUS PARTES, POR CONSIGUIENTE SE ENCUENTRA APTA PARA SU TRÁMITE DE SUSTENTACIÓN. ______________________________________ Ing. Com. Mario Vásquez Jiménez TUTOR DE TESIS 3 AGRADECIMIENTO TANIA PALACIOS Agradezco a mi amiga Viviana Medina, mi compañera y amiga de estudios del pregrado en la ESPOL, ya que gracias a su intensa insistencia y tortura diaria me ayudó a encender motores para terminar este gran reto; el mismo que ha sido a base de mucho sacrificio. Y también agradezco a mi Dios, ya que me ha concedido vida y gracias a su voluntad puedo terminar este sueño que creí no lograrlo. -
ORQUÍDEAS DE CUNDINAMARCA: CONSERVACIÓN Y APROVECHAMIENTO SOSTENIBLE Conservación Orquídeas De
ISBN: 978-958-5418-30-1 ISBN: ORQUÍDEAS DE CUNDINAMARCA CONSERVACIÓN Y APROVECHAMIENTO SOSTENIBLE : CONSERVACIÓN ORQUÍDEAS DE CUNDINAMARCA Y APROVECHAMIENTO SOSTENIBLE ORQUÍDEAS DE CUNDINAMARCA CONSERVACIÓN Y APROVECHAMIENTO SOSTENIBLE Citación de obra completa sugerida: Castellanos-Castro, C. y Torres-Morales, G. 2018. Orquídeas de Cundinamarca: conservación y aprovechamiento sostenible. Insti- tuto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Jardín Botánico de Bogotá ORQUÍDEAS DE “José Celestino Mutis”, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria Corpoica, Gobernación de Cundinamarca. Bogotá CUNDINAMARCA D.C., Colombia. 328 p. Citación de capítulo sugerida: conservaciÓN Y Ibarra, J., Rincón-Useche, C., Rincón, A., Cely, N. y Rojas, C. 2018. Aprovechamiento comercial de orquídeas: Contexto socioeconó- APROVECHAMIENTO mico en San Antonio del Tequendama y Fusagasugá. En: Castellanos-Castro, C. y Torres-Morales, G. Orquídeas de Cundinamarca: SOSTENIBLE conservación y aprovechamiento sostenible (92 - 125 pp.) Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Hum- boldt, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Jardín Botánico de Bogotá “José Celestino Mutis”, Corporación Colombiana de Investiga- ción Agropecuaria Corpoica, Gobernación de Cundinamarca. Bogotá D.C., Colombia. SISTEMA GENERAL DE REGALÍAS Fondo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación GOBERNACIÓN DE CUNDINAMARCA Orquídeas de Cundinamarca: conservación y aprovechamiento sostenible / editado por Carolina Castellanos-Castro -
Diversidad De Orquídeas En Áreas Silvestres Y De Uso Antrópico De La Región Del Tequendama, Cordillera Oriental De Colombia
DIVERSIDAD DE ORQUÍDEAS EN ÁREAS SILVESTRES Y DE USO ANTRÓPICO DE LA REGIÓN DEL TEQUENDAMA, CORDILLERA ORIENTAL DE COLOMBIA MARGARITA MARÍA LÓPEZ ARDILA PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD JAVERIANA FACULTAD DE ESTUDIOS AMBIENTALES Y RURALES CARRERA DE ECOLOGÍA BOGOTÁ, D.C. 2018 DIVERSIDAD DE ORQUÍDEAS EN ÁREAS SILVESTRES Y DE USO ANTRÓPICO DE LA REGIÓN DEL TEQUENDAMA, CORDILLERA ORIENTAL DE COLOMBIA Presentado por: MARGARITA MARÍA LÓPEZ ARDILA Trabajo de grado como requisito para optar el título profesional de Ecóloga Director JUAN CAMILO ORDÓÑEZ BLANCO Codirector MARÍA ÁNGELA ECHEVERRY GALVIS PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD JAVERIANA FACULTAD DE ESTUDIOS AMBIENTALES Y RURALES PROGRAMA DE ECOLOGÍA BOGOTÁ, D.C. 2018 2 Agradecimientos Un agradecimiento especial a mi Familia, a Juan Camilo Ordoñez desde el Jardín Botánico por su guianza, a Nicolás López en la parte estadística, a María Ángela Echeverry por el acompañamiento, a Carlos Andrés Arias por los recorridos dentro de la Reserva, a Lina Pedraza por abrirnos las puertas, al grupo de Colecciones Vivas del Jardín Botánico, a Carlos Rene López en la parte de SIG y al profe Gustavo Morales, Finalmente a los especialistas Elizabeth Santiago, Luis Baquero y Stig Dalstrom por su colaboración en la identificación de algunas especies. 3 Contenido 1. Introducción ................................................................................................................................. 8 1.1 Descripción del tema y problema de investigación ................................................................ 8 1.2 -
Dive Rsity of E Piphytic Orchids and Host Tre Es
BIOTROPIA Vol. 22 No. 2, 2015: 120 - 128 DOI: 10.11598/btb.2015.22.2.450 DIVERSITY OF EPIPHYTIC ORCHIDS AND HOST TREES (PHOROPHYTES) IN SECONDARY FOREST OF COBAN TRISULA, MALANG RE GE NCY, E AST JAVA, INDONE SIA SITI NURFADILAH Purwodadi Botanic Garden – Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jalan Surabaya-Malang Km. 65 Purwodadi , Pasuruan, E ast Java 67163 , Indonesia Received 19 December 2014/Accepted 18 November 2015 ABSTRACT Epiphytic orchids are an integral component of forest ecosystems that contribute to a high proportion of plant diversity. The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity of orchids and their host trees (phorophytes) in a secondary forest of Coban Trisula (the Trisula waterfall) of Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park in East Java Province, Indonesia. Two line transects were established.E ach transect was 150 m long and composed of fifteen 10 x 10 m plots, resulting in the total number of 30 sampling plots at the study site. The following data were recorded in each plot: species name and individual numbers of epiphytic orchids, species name and individual numbers of the phorophytes and vertical distribution of the orchids on the phorophyte. There were 15 epiphytic orchid species found from 13 genera in the secondary forest of Coban Trisula. Appendicula angustifolia was the most abundant epiphytic orchid species (Relative abundance = 52. 4%), followed by Trichotosia annulata (29 . 9%). All recorded orchids grew on 21 individuals from nine phorophyte species. Castanopsis javanica (mean = 589.5 individuals/tree) and E ngelhardia spicata (mean = 425. 67 orchid individuals/tree ) were phorophytes hosting the largest number of individual orchids, respectively. -
Epilist 1.0: a Global Checklist of Vascular Epiphytes
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2021 EpiList 1.0: a global checklist of vascular epiphytes Zotz, Gerhard ; Weigelt, Patrick ; Kessler, Michael ; Kreft, Holger ; Taylor, Amanda Abstract: Epiphytes make up roughly 10% of all vascular plant species globally and play important functional roles, especially in tropical forests. However, to date, there is no comprehensive list of vas- cular epiphyte species. Here, we present EpiList 1.0, the first global list of vascular epiphytes based on standardized definitions and taxonomy. We include obligate epiphytes, facultative epiphytes, and hemiepiphytes, as the latter share the vulnerable epiphytic stage as juveniles. Based on 978 references, the checklist includes >31,000 species of 79 plant families. Species names were standardized against World Flora Online for seed plants and against the World Ferns database for lycophytes and ferns. In cases of species missing from these databases, we used other databases (mostly World Checklist of Selected Plant Families). For all species, author names and IDs for World Flora Online entries are provided to facilitate the alignment with other plant databases, and to avoid ambiguities. EpiList 1.0 will be a rich source for synthetic studies in ecology, biogeography, and evolutionary biology as it offers, for the first time, a species‐level overview over all currently known vascular epiphytes. At the same time, the list represents work in progress: species descriptions of epiphytic taxa are ongoing and published life form information in floristic inventories and trait and distribution databases is often incomplete and sometimes evenwrong. -
The Genus Encyclia (Hooker, Bot. Mag. 55: T. 2831 [1828]) Type: Encyclia Viridiflora [En-SEE-Clee-Ah Vi-Rid-I-FLOR-A]
The Genus Encyclia (Hooker, Bot. Mag. 55: t. 2831 [1828]) Type: Encyclia viridiflora [en-SEE-clee-ah vi-rid-i-FLOR-a] There are 183 species and 16 natural hybrids (OrchidWiz [update Sep 2017]) that are mostly epiphytes that can be separated into two subgenera (not widely accepted but culturally convenient). Members of the subgenus Encyclia are principally found in seasonally dry forest at elevations from sea level to 1000 meters, while members of the subgenus Osmophytum are found in wet forest from sea level to 3,000 meters. Encyclias are distributed throughout the tropical Americas (including the West Indies, see distribution map below) with the center of distribution being in Mexico. These plants are highly variable, clump-forming, evergreen with the genus characterized by the presence of pseudobulbs; the apical inflorescence; the flowers not exceeding four centimeters in diameter; the lip free from the column for most of its length; the column without a foot; and the four hard pollinia attached to caudicles. The slender, often multibranched, numerous to few-flowered inflorescence, borne from the stem tip, has showy, wonderfully fragrant flowers found in a wide range of colors and shades of yellow, brown, green or rare pink. The flowers have similar sepals and petals. The widely varied, Encyclia viridiflora entire or trilobed lip encircles the stout or slender, footless column, but is never fully attached. These plants are best mounted on branches or tree fern plaques and generally do best in intermediate conditions. Encyclia is part of the Cattleya alliance and is often used in Cattleya alliance breeding. -
CVIOS NEWSLETTER CENTRAL VANCOUVER ISLAND ORCHID SOCIETY November 2017
CVIOS NEWSLETTER CENTRAL VANCOUVER ISLAND ORCHID SOCIETY November 2017 CVIOS Meeting are held September to June on a Saturday at the Harewood Activity Center, 195 Fourth St, Nanaimo. UPCOMING MEETINGS Doors open at 11:00 with a brief business meeting starting & EVENTS at 12pm. Following is a display of plants brought in by members, a coffee break, prize draw and a featured 2017/2018: presentation or demonstration. There is a sales table where orchid supplies and plants brought in by members November 18: Visit to can be purchased Paramount Orchids in Parksville Mailing Address: PO Box 1061 December 9: Christmas Party Nanaimo BC, V9R 5Z2 Website: www.cvios.org Email: Laurie Forbes: [email protected] January 20: Meeting Newsletter Submissions: [email protected] February 17: Meeting & Bag Draw CVIOS EXECUTIVE 2017/18 March 17: Meeting President & AOS Chair: Laurie Forbes Past President: Bryan Emery April 21: Meeting Vice President: Constance Gordon-Webster Treasurer: Darlene Rathwell Secretary & Newsletter: Suzanne Currie May: 26: Plant Sale Membership: Dora Glover Plant Sales Table: Donna McDonnell June 16: Last Meeting until Library: Michael DeLeur September Refreshments: Sandra Lathrope Programs: Alexey Tretyakov Directors At Large: Sheila Wilson (publicity), Corey Timmins CVIOS NEWSLETTER CENTRAL VANCOUVER ISLAND ORCHID SOCIETY November 2017 CVIOS UPCOMING EVENTS: November 18 Paramount Orchid Visit – no regular meeting this month December 9 CVIOS Christmas party and potluck The Christmas party and potluck begins at 12pm. There will be a bag draw or silent auction – please bring items. Members please bring a dish to share, a plate and utensils. Members can also make an orchid display with their orchids and the winner will receive a prize.