The Irish in Latin America and Iberia: An Annotated Bibliography By Edmundo Murray
First published in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America (www.irlandeses.org) in April 2003 and updated until October 2007. Some later published book-length studies have been added in 2019.
This bibliography includes books, book chapters, articles, documentaries and websites grouped in geographic areas: Latin America (general); Central America; The Caribbean; Argentina; Chile, Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru; Brazil; Colombia and Venezuela; Mexico; Paraguay and Uruguay; Portugal and Spain. Thematic lists include: San Patricio Batallion; Eliza Lynch (1835-1886); William Brown (1777-1857). Some entries repeat in more than one category.
I am thankful to the late Brian McGinn for his practical help and generous encouragement with this bibliography. Many of the following bibliographical entries were first gathered by Brian for his website The Irish in South America: An Annotated Bibliography and I published them with his authorization. I would also like to express my gratitude to the following people for their support and assistance in developing this bibliography: David Barnwell, Frank Cullen, Jorge Fox, Mike Geraghty, the Reverend Jeremy Howat, Oliver Marshall, Bruce Bradley S.J., Peter Feeney and Edward Walsh.
Latin America (general)
● Canning, Anthony M. "South America" in Corish, Patrick (ed.) A history of Irish Catholicism (Dublin), 1971. Vol. 6, chapter 5. ● Coogan, Tim Pat. Wherever Green is Born: The Story of the Irish Diaspora (London: Hutchinson, 2000). Chapter nine of this book is dedicated to the Irish in Latin America. Although it is difficult to provide an accurate account in just forty pages, the interesting information contained in Coogan's text was obtained from a variety of secondary and selected primary sources, as well as through the vast contact network of the author. The chapter covers from the arrival of Irish monks to Mexico to the horrors of state terror and its Irish victims in the second half of the twentieth century, though emphasis is on Argentina, whose flavour Coogan found "particularly attractive" (643). ● Gillissen, Christopher, "L'Irlande et l'Amérique Latine" in Études irlandaises 23:1 (1998), pp. 173-184. ● Griffin, William D., "The Other Irish Americans" in William D. Griffin (ed.) The Book of Irish Americans (New York: Random House/Times Books, 1990), pp. 95-97. ● Harris, Mary N., "Irish Historical Writing on Latin America, and on Irish Links with Latin America" in Lévai, Csaba (ed.), Europe and the World in European Historiography (Pisa: Edizioni Plus, Pisa University Press, 2006). ● Ireland, John de Courcy, Ireland and the Irish in Maritime History (Dublin: Glendale Press, 1986). ● Ireland, John de Courcy, "Irish Soldiers and Seamen in Latin America" in The Irish Sword 1:4 (1952-1953), pp. 296-303. ● Irish Department of Foreign Affairs, The Irish in Latin America (Dublin: DFA, 2016). Catalogue of the exhibition supported by the Department of Foreign Affairs and first launched in Mexico City in October 2016, including sections on Irish settlements, artists, religious people, soldiers, railroad workers, politicians, publishers, physicians and others (without forgetting the overused clichés about the supposed Irishness of Ernesto Ché Guevara). ● Kennedy, Michael. "'Mr. Blythe, I Think, Hears from Him Occasionally' The Experience of Irish Diplomats in Latin America, 1919-23" in Kennedy, Michael and J.M. Skelly (eds.) Irish Foreign Policy 1919-66: From Independence to Internationalism (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2000).
1 ● Kirby, Peadar, Ireland and Latin America, Links and Lessons (Dublin: Trócaire, 1992). An Irish reading of Latin American history, including chapters by country and further diplomatic relations with Ireland. Strong section on Irish missionaries in Peru, Colombia, Brazil and other countries. ● Koebel, W.H., British Exploits in South America. A History of British Activities in Exploration, Military Adventure, Diplomacy, Science, and Trade, in Latin-America (New York: The Century Co., 1917). ● Marshall, Oliver (ed.) English-Speaking Communities in Latin America (New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000). ● Marshall, Oliver, The English-Language Press in Latin America (London: Institute of Latin American Studies, 1996). ● Marshall, Oliver, European Immigration and Ethnicity in Latin America: A Bibliography (London: Institute of Latin American Studies, 1991). ● Miller, Randall M., Catholics in the Old South (Macon: author's edition, 1983). ● Mulhall, Marion, Between the Amazon and the Andes, or Ten Years of a Lady's Travels in the Pampas, Gran Chaco, Paraguay, and Matto Grosso (London: Edward Stanford, 1881). ● Murphy, Maureen, "Walking the Land: Charting a Course for Irish Diaspora Studies in South America" in ABEI Journal, The Brazilian Journal of Irish Studies, N° 9 (São Paulo, June 2007), pp. 111-185. ● Murray, Edmundo, “Shamrocks and Guayaba: The Current Status of Irish Latin American Studies” (Galway, 2006). Lecture read on 12 June 2006 at the Irish Studies Centre, National University of Ireland at Galway. ● Murray, Edmundo, "Ireland and Latin America" in Jim Byrne, Philip Coleman and Jason King (eds.) Ireland and the Americas: Culture, Politics and History (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2006). This book, in three volumes, includes over sixty entries on the Irish in Latin America by various authors, covering from the pre- Columbian period to the twenty- first century. ● Platt, D.C.M., "British agricultural colonization in Latin America, Part 1" in Inter- American Economic Affairs 18:3 (1964), pp. 3-38. ● Platt, D.C.M., "British agricultural colonization in Latin America, Part 2" in Inter- American Economic Affairs 19:1 (1965), pp. 23-42. ● Quinn, D.B., "Ireland and sixteenth-century European expansion" in Historical Studies, Williams, T.D. (ed.) (1958), pp. 20-32. ● The Linguistics Institute of Ireland, Stories about the Irish in Latin America [http:/ www.ite.ie/sabias.htm]
Central America
● Boyd Cannon, Sarita, "Boyds in Panama" in Clan Boyd Society International (website http://www.clanboyd.info/outsideusa/panama/) cited 28 July 2005. ● De Micheli-Serra, A. "Cirujanos y médicos frente a la Inquisición Novohispana" in Gaceta Médica de Mexico, 139:1 (January 2003), pp. 77-82. During the sixteenth century, the first physician judged by the Inquisition was the Irish Protestant William Corniels, a barber surgeon who arrived with the John Hawkins' pirate fleet in 1568 and settled in Guatemala. ● Kiely, Richard, "A letter from America" in Old Kilkenny Review: Journal of the Kilkenny Archaeological Society 51 (1999), pp. 75-79. Letter written in 1929 by Richard Kiely, b. 1873 in Rathculbin, from the Panama canal. ● Kirby, Peadar, Ireland and Latin America, Links and Lessons (Dublin: Trócaire, 1992). Includes Irish aid in El Salvador and other Central American countries. ● O'Connor, Joseph, Desperadoes (London: Flamingo, 2004). Tells the story of a separated Irish couple, Eleanor and Frank Little, who are searching for Johnny, their rock-singer son, who is missing-believed-dead in Nicaragua. They team up with Nicaragua's only rock band and share their wild experiences, in an attempt to find Johnny. ● Sánchez Pinzón, Milagros, Boquete: Rasgos de su Historia (Panama City: Culturama, 2001). Includes the story of brothers John and James O'Donnell Kelly, who arrived from Boston in 1914 and settled in this area of Chiriquí, Panamá.
2 ● McCullough, David, The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870-1914 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1977). Thousands of Chinese, Irish and other workers were hired to work in the Panama Canal and the Railway. Twelve thousand died in the construction of the railroad. "The common story [...] is that there was a dead man for every railroad tie between Colon and Panama City. In some versions it was a dead Irishman, in others, a dead Chinese. [...] When they appeared at the construction site near Matachin, the Irish crews stared in ill-humored surprise and then burst out in angry cursing. Long classified as stable and outhouse cleaners in Great Britain and the U. S., the Irish had risen to the heady rank of white Anglo-Saxons on arrival in Panama and wanted everyone to know it. No other nationality displayed so much animosity toward people of darker skin and foreign ways as the Irish." See also The Panama Railroad (website http:// www.trainweb.org/panama/) cited 28 July 2005.
The Caribbean
● Akenson, Donald Harman, If the Irish Ran the World: Montserrat, 1630-1730 (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1997). ● Anderson, Eileen, "An Alternative View to the Propaganda: The Irish-American Press and the Spanish-American War" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 5:3 (November 2007), pp. 163-170. ● Bailey, C. "Metropole and colony: Irish networks and patronage in the eighteenth- century empire" in Immigrants and Minorities, 23:2-3 (July 2005), pp. 161-181. "It explores the relationships between ethnicity, patronage and place by focusing on a group of Irish professionals. By piecing together connections between lawyers, merchants and medical doctors in various places including Ireland, London, Jamaica and Senegambia, this essay suggests that Irish networks were flexible enough to allow for dialogue, disagreement and change, but were also durable enough to transcend time and space" (from the abstract). ● Beattie, Michael (director), The Other Emerald Isle (1986), documentary about the "Black Irish" of Montserrat and their intermingling with the African slaves of the plantations. Many Caribbean black people with Irish surnames claim to be descended from Irish indentured labourers. Sponsor: Channel Four (UK), production company: DBA Television, editor: Mathilde Blum, photography: David Barker, presenter and co-writer: Michael D. Higgins. Aired by Channel Four on 16 March 1986. ● Beckles, Hillary McD, "'Riotous and Unruly Lot'": Irish Indentured Servants and Freedmen in the English West Indies, 1644-1713" in William and Mary Quarterly third ser., 57 (1990), pp. 502-522. ● Bjork, David K, "Alexander O'Reilly and the Spanish Occupation of Louisiana, 1769- 1770" in Hammond, George P. (ed.), New Spain and the Anglo-American West (Los Angeles: privately printed, 1932), 1: 165-182. The governor of Spain in Louisiana Alejandro O'Reilly (1725-1794). Descendants of Alejandro O'Reilly have been in Cuba for two centuries where, as Counts of Castillo and Marquis of San Felipe y Santiago, their lineage is to be found in the archives of Havana. One of Havana's main streets is the Calle O'Reilly. ● Boyett, I. and G. Currie. "Middle managers moulding international strategy: An Irish start-up in Jamaican telecoms" in Long Range Planning, 37:1 (February 2004), pp. 51-66. A twenty-first century business management case of an Irish company launching a mobile telecommunications network in Jamaica. ● Brehony, Margaret, "Irish Railroad Workers in Cuba: Towards a Research Agenda" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 5:3 (November 2007), pp. 183-188. ● Brown, Christopher L., "The politics of slavery" in Armitage, David and Michael J. Braddick (eds.), The British Atlantic World, 1500-1800 (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002), pp. 214-31. ● Burton, Gera, "Liberty’s Call: Richard Robert Madden’s Voice in the Anti-Slavery Movement (1833-1842)" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 5:3 (November 2007), pp. 199-206. ● Byrne, Thomas, "Banished by Cromwell? John Hooke and the Caribbean" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 5:3 (November 2007), pp. 215-220.
3 ● Caulfield, Carlota, "A Taste of My Life: Texts and Poems" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 5:3 (November 2007), pp. 231.234. ● Cavanaugh, James F. "Irish Slaves in the Caribbean" in Clan Caomhánach. [http:/ www.kavanaghfamily.com/articles/2003/20030618jfc.htm] ● Chinea, Jorge L. "Ireland and the Caribbean" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 5:3 (November 2007), pp. 143-144. ● Chinea, Jorge L. "Irish Indentured Servants, Papists and Colonists in Spanish Colonial Puerto Rico, ca. 1650-1800" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 5:3 (November 2007), pp. 171-182. ● Cummins, C.W. "The black Irish of Jamaica" in Assisi (1945), pp. 103-104. ● De Verteuil, Anthony, History of the Irish in Trinidad (Trinidad: Paria Publishing, 1984). ● De Verteuil, Anthony, Sylvester Devenish and the Irish in Nineteenth-Century Trinidad (Trinidad: Paria Publishing, 1986). ● Doan, James E., "The Irish in the Caribbean" in ABEI Journal (São Paulo), N°8, June 2006, pp. 105-116. Using fresh references and secondary sources - some of them from Irish-American historiography - the author covers Irish settlements in selected Caribbean islands from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century. ● Durey, Michael, "White slaves: Irish rebel prisoners and the British army in the West Indies, 1799-1804" in Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research 80:324 (2002), pp. 296-312. ● English, T.S., Ireland's only colony (Montserrat, 1930). ● Escoto, José Augusto, "Isaac Carrillo y O'Farrill: autobiografía y poesías escogidas" in Revista histórica, crítica y bibliográfica de la literatura cubana (Matanzas) 1:3 (1916), pp. 302-319. ● Fergus, Howard A., Montserrat. History of a Caribbean Colony (London: MacMillan, 1994). ● Fernandez Moya, Rafael, "The Irish Presence in the History and Place Names of Cuba" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 5:3 (November 2007), pp. 189-198. ● Flatman, Richard, "Jamaican memories of Irish interest" in Irish Family History 9 (1993), pp. 20-24. Memoirs from Irish settlers in Jamaica in the eighteenth century. ● Gosine, A. "Marginalization myths and the complexity of 'men': Engaging critical conversations about Irish and Caribbean Masculinities" in Men and Masculinities, 9:3 (January 2007), pp. 337-357. "Through reference to two programs that have attempted responses that address the alleged 'crisis of masculinity' - Ireland's Exploring Masculinities program and Saint Lucia's Men's Resource Centre in Saint Lucia - the author identifies some of the implications of a limited analysis and also discusses some of the ways in which these programs provide potential opportunities for a more critical conversation about the situation of men and the production of masculinities" (from the abstract). ● Gwynn, Aubrey, "Documents relating to the Irish in the West Indies" in Analecta Hibernica 4 (1932), pp. 136-286. ● Gwynn, Aubrey, "The First Irish Priests in the New World" in Studies 21:82 (June 1932), pp. 213-228. ● Hijuelos, Oscar, The fourteen sisters of Emilio Montez O'Brien (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1993). A novel with an Irish photographer, a Cuban artist and their fifteen children (14 daughters followed by an unexpected boy). ● Irish, James A. George and Albert Murphy, Persons of Caribbean Ancestry: A Basic Demographic Social and Economic Profile Based on 1990 Census Data (New York: CUNY Medgar Evers College, Caribbean Research Center). ● James, Francis G., "Irish Colonial Trade in the Eighteenth Century" in William and Mary Quarterly third ser., 20 (1963), pp. 574-584. ● Kinnaird, Lawrence, "Alejandro O'Reilly in Louisiana", in Din, Gilbert C. (ed.) The Spanish presence in Louisiana, 1763-1803 (Lafayette, La.: Center for Louisiana Studies, University of Southwestern Louisiana, 1996), 74-76. ● Machado-Curry, Jonathan, Indispensable aliens: the influence of engineering migrants in mid-nineteenth century Cuba, PhD dissertation (London Metropolitan University, 2003). ● Mackenzie, C.G., "Thomas Carlyle's 'The Negro Question': Black Ireland and the Rhetoric of Famine" in Neohelicon 24:2 (1997), pp. 219-36.
4 ● Martí, José, "El cisma de los católicos en Nueva York" in El Partido Liberal (Mexico) and La Nación (Buenos Aires), 14 April 1887, Obras Completas Vol. 11 (La Habana: Editorial de Ciencias Sociales, 1991). ● Martyniuk, Irene, "The Irish in the Caribbean: Derek Walcott's Examination of the Irish in 'Omeros'" in South Carolina Review 32:1 (1999), pp. 142-148. ● McGinn, Brian, "The Irish in the West Indies" in Ryan, Christopher (ed.), Aspects of Irish genealogy 3: a selection of papers from the third Genealogical Congress (Dublin: Irish Genealogical Congress Committee, 1999), pp. 55-82. ● Messenger, John C., "The Influence of the Irish in Montserrat" in Caribbean Quarterly 13:2 (1967), pp. 3-25. ● Mullally, Rob. "'One Love': The Black Irish of Jamaica" in The Wilde Geese Today (website). Part I: To hell, Connaught or Jamaica; Part II: Red shanks, bogtrotters, and pirates; Part III: The Irish, alive and well. [http:/www.thewildgeese.com/pages/ jamone.html] ● Mulligan, William H., "Review of Brendan O'Donoghue's 'In Search of Fame and Fortune: The Leahy Family of Engineers,1780-1888'" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 6:1 (March 2007), pp. 89-91. ● Murray, D.R., "Richard Robert Madden: His Career as a Slavery Abolitionist" in Studies, an Irish quarterly review 61 (1972), pp. 41-53. ● Nelson, E.C., "Patrick Browne M.D. (c.1720-1790), an Irish doctor in the Caribbean: his Residence on Saint Croix (1757-1765) and his unpublished accounts of volcanic activity on Montserrat" in Archives of Natural History 28:1 (2001), pp. 135-148. In the 1750s-60s, Patrick Browne of Woodstock, County Mayo, lived on Saint Croix and Montserrat, where he gathered botanical species and left scientific notes, including observations on the volcano's activity. ● Nelson, E. Charles, "From Mayo to the Caribbean" in Irish Garden 4:4 (1995), pp. 28-30. A biographical article about the life of botanist Patrick Browne. ● Nelson, E. Charles. "Patrick Browne’s 'The Civil and Natural History of Jamaica' (1756, 1789)" in Archives of Natural History, 24 (October 1997), pp. 327–336. ● Nelson, E. Charles. "Patrick Browne (ca. 1720-1790), Irish physician, historian and Caribbean botanist: A brief biography with an account of his lost medical dissertations" in Huntia, 11:1 (2000), pp. 5-16. ● Novillo-Corvalán, Patricia. "Literary Migrations: Homer’s Journey through Joyce’s Ireland and Walcott’s Saint Lucia" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 5:3 (November 2007), pp. 157-162. ● O'Callaghan, Sean, To Hell or Barbados (Cooleen, Dingle, Co. Kerry: 2001). ● O'Connell, Philip. "The line of Colonel John O'Reilly” in Breifne: Journal of Cumann Seanchais Bhréifne, 2:5 (1962), pp. 84-104. ● O'Grady, Joseph P, "Ireland, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and Civil Aviation: a Study in Applied Neutrality" in Éire-Ireland 30:3 (1995), pp. 67-89. ● O'Kelly, James. The Mambi-Land, or Adventures of a Herald Correspondent in Cuba (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1874). Translated into Spanish as La tierra del Mambí (Havana: Editorial Cultural, 1930), introduced by Fernando Ortiz. ● O'Ryan, William D. "General W.A.C. Ryan, the Cuban martyr" in The Irish Sword, 8 (1967), pp. 115-119. ● Power, Orla, "Beyond Kinship: A Study of the Eighteenth-century Irish Community at Saint Croix, Danish West Indies" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 5:3 (November 2007), pp. 207-214. ● Prince of Montglâne, "Eight Prominent Irish Families in Cuba" in Dun Laoghaire Genealogical Society Journal, 8 (1999), 11-20. Includes Coppinger, Duany, O'Farrill, O'Gaban, Kindelan, Madan, O'Naghten, and O'Reilly families, with information taken from Francisco Xavier de Santa Cruz's Historia de Familias Cubanas (1940). ● Quintana Garcia, Jose Antonio, "John Dynamite: Marine Mambí" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 5:3 (November 2007), pp. 221-224. ● Rodgers, Nini. "The Irish in the Caribbean 1641-1837: An Overview" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 5:3 (November 2007), pp. 145-156. ● Rodgers, Nini. Ireland, Slavery and Anti-Slavery, 1612-1865 (London: Palgrave, 2007. “This book tackles a hitherto neglected topic by presenting Ireland as very much a part of
5 the Black Atlantic world. It shows how slaves and sugar produced economic and political change in Eighteenth-century Ireland and discusses the role of Irish emigrants in slave societies in the Caribbean and North America” (from the publisher’s website). ● Ruiz Rebo, Roberto, Che, Legado Irlandés (2000). Documentary produced by Televisión Cubana in cooperation with Bernie Dwyer, Addys Cupull and Froilán González, based on the Che Guevara's Irish connections. Bernie Dwyer and Ruiz Rebo have made three other documentary films together, Che in Ireland (Che Guevara's visit to Dublin in 1964), 2001; The Footprints of Cecilia McPartland (Irish mother of Cuban revolutionary Julio Antonio Mella), 2002; and Mission Against Terror (case of the so-called Cuban Five), 2004. Their documentaries have been screened throughout Europe and at the Havana Film Festival and have won several filmmaking prizes in Cuba. ● Senior, Carl, "Limerick 'slaves' for Jamaica" in Old Limerick Journal 19 (1986), pp. 33-40. Transportation from Limerick to Jamaica in the 1840s. ● Serrano Alvarez, José Manuel and Allan J. Kuethe. "La familia O`farrill y la élite habanera" in Ruiz Rivera, Julián Bautista, Luis Navarro García and Manuela Cristina García Bernal (eds.), Elites urbanas en Hispanoamérica (de la conquista a la independencia) (Seville: Universidad de Sevilla, 2005), pp. 203-212. ● Singleton, Theresa A. "Slavery and Spatial Dialectics on Cuban Coffee Plantations" in World Archaeology, 33:1, The Archaeology of Slavery (June 2001), pp. 98-114. Interesting findings in the sugar plantation El Cafetal del Padre of the O'Farrill family. ● Skinner, Jonathan, Before the Volcano: Reverberations of Identity in Montserrat (Kingston, Jamaica: Arawak, 2004). Chapters six and seven include an anthropologist's view of the identity problems of the Black Irish, and thoughts on the celebration of St. Patrick's Day in Montserrat. Review by Cielo G. Festino, and Author's Reply, in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America, 5:3 (November 2007), pp. 235-240. ● Silén, Juan Angel. Nosotros Solos, Sinn Fein - We Ourselves: Pedro Albizu Campos y el Nacionalismo Irlandés (San Juan: Editorial Librería Norberto González, 1996). ● Taylor, Herb, "A Search for Butlers in the West Indies" in Journal of the Butler Society 2:4 (1985), pp. 377-386. ● Tewfik, Lamia, "'I arise and go with William Butler Yeats...': Cultural Dovetailing in Lorna Goodison’s 'Country Sligoville'" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 5:3 (November 2007), pp. 225-230. ● Thomas, Hugh, Cuba: Or, The Pursuit of Freedom (London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1971), includes biographies of some of the Cuban families with Irish origins. Among them, Richard O'Farrill, born in Montserrat, slave captain and South Sea Co. agent in Havana in 1713, married in 1720 to María Josefa de Arriola. O'Farrill was granted Spanish citizen in 1722 and was the head of a powerful group. By the mid-nineteenth century, the O'Farrills owned six sugar mills worth £400,000, 1,458 slaves and 620 pairs of oxen, with an annual net profit of £65,000. Other families and individuals mentioned are Leopoldo O'Donnell, Alejandro O'Reilly, Thomas Duggan, Richard Madden, J.J. O'Kelly, and John L. O'Sullivan. ● Thompson, Livingstone, "Economic success and religious affiliation" in Jamaica Gleaner (Kingston), 3 September 2006. ● Truxes, T.M. "Transnational trade in the wartime North Atlantic: The voyage of the snow Recovery" in Business History Review, 79:4 (December 2005), pp. 751-780. "The voyage of a small ocean-going trading vessel, of a type known as a snow, provides a window into the world of war-time commerce in the late colonial period. In March 1760, the snow Recovery, which was owned by a consortium of North American and Irish businessmen, travelled from New York City to Belfast, Ireland, and from there to the tiny Dutch island of Curaçao" (from the abstract). ● Uris, J. The Black Irish (1976), a documentary film aired by RTÉ on 29 September 1976. Duration: 34.37. "The Island of Montserrat in the West Indies was colonized by the Irish in the early 17th century. The film tells the story of this colonization and shows how the natives have inherited many of the distinctive features of their Irish forefathers. There are Fogartys, Sweeneys, Dalys, and many other Irish names, living in places called Galway, Kinsale, Cork and Dublin" (from Radharc website, cited 30 July 2007). ● Wells, J.C., "The Brogue that Isn't" in Journal of the International Phonetic Association (Victoria, BC, Canada), 10 (1980), pp. 74-79. The author concludes that "in terms of linguistic influence, then, the Irish contribution to Montserrat has been vanishingly small.
6 [...] Of the vaunted 'soft Irish brogue' the Emerald Isle of the Caribbean retains barely the tiniest trace." ● Williams, J.J., Whence the 'black Irish' of Jamaica? (New York, 1932). ● Yates, Geoffrey S., "The Irish Legion in Jamaica" in Jamaican Historical Society Bulletin 10, pp. 122-123.
Argentina
● Aguinis, Marcos. El combate perpetuo: Una biografía admirable con ritmo de novela (Buenos Aires: Sudamericana, 1971), 212 pages. ● Arguindeguy, Pablo E. and Horacio Rodríguez, Guillermo Brown. Apostillas a su vida (Buenos Aires, Instituto Browniano, 1994). ● Auza, Néstor Tomás, Guillermo Furlong. “El hombre, el sacerdote y el historiador” in Homenaje de las Academias Nacionales al R.P. Guillermo Furlong S.J. (Buenos Aires, 1992). ● Barnwell, David, 19th Century Irish Emigration to Argentina (New York, 1989). ● Barnwell, David, "The Southern Cousins" in The Irish Literary Supplement (1989). Interesting articles about the Irish in Argentina, including details and examples of their daily life in the camp. Contrary to almost every study on this subject written in English, Spanish quotes are correctly accented, have no orthographic errors, and they even have eñes! ● Barry, Carolina. "Lorenza Reynafé, una cuestión de género" in The Southern Cross 131: 5917 (October 2006), p. 2. ● Barry, Carolina. "El nacimiento de una terrible belleza: Repercusión de la Pascua de 1916 en TSC y los hiberno argentinos" in The Southern Cross 313: 5915 (August 2006), pp. 1-2. ● Barry, Carolina, "Politically Incorrect: Irish Argentines in the Early Peronist Period" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America (www.irlandeses.org), cited 18 October 2005. ● Barry, Carolina, "Ciento Treinta Años andando su senda" in The Southern Cross Vol. 130 N° 5896 (January 2005), pp. 1-2. A short history of the Southern Cross in its 130th anniversary. ● Barry, Carolina, "La Primera Convención de la Raza Irlandesa en Sudamérica" in The Southern Cross Vol. 129, 5883 (January 2004), p. 3. The article accounts for the connections between the Irish-Argentine community and Westmeath-born Laurence Ginnell (1852-1923), who was one of the early Irish diplomatic envoys to Argentina. Using original sources (for instance, El Boletín Irlandés, Buenos Aires, 1921) the author describes the events leading to the establishment of a delegation to the Irish Race Congress in Paris (1922). See also the article by Michael Kennedy, below. ● Bedson, Derek, "Butlers in South America" in Journal of The Butler Society (Suffolk) 3:2 (1988-1989), pp. 197-201. Includes Butlers from Argentina and Uruguay. ● Belgrano, Mario, Repatriación de los restos del general Juan O'Brien, Guerrero de la Independencia Sud Americana (Buenos Aires: Guillermo Kraft Ltda., 1938). ● Bergin, L.D., "From Carlow, he founded Argentina's first English newspaper" in Carloviana, Journal of the Old Carlow Society 46 (1998), pp. 12-13. Short biography of Edward T. Mulhall (1832-1899), founder of the Standard. ● Bouillon, Willy G., "Cumple 128 Años una de las Voces de la Comunidad Irlandesa. The Southern Cross, Todo un Símbolo" in La Nación (Buenos Aires, 6 January 2003). ● Brown, Guillermo, Memorias del Almirante Brown (Buenos Aires: Academia Nacional de Historia, 1957). ● Bulfin, William, Tales of the Pampas (Buenos Aires: L.O.L.A., 1997). Bilingual edition: English text with an introduction and glossary by novelist Susan Wilkinson. Spanish text with an introduction by the translator, Alejandro Clancy. First edition by Fisher & Unwin (London, 1900). Short stories written by the editor of The Southern Cross between 1896 and 1906. William Bulfin (1862-1910) was a journalist, story- teller, and sportsman (he introduced hurling in Argentina), with good connections in Ireland, Argentina and the Vatican City. The context is the life of the estancias and the work of the gauchos and the owners (principally Irish) during those years. The 1997 edition was published "as an inverted book, with double cover, and separate pagination for English and Spanish" (from the editor's notice on the back cover). Considering the difficulties of translating into
7 Spanish the 19th C oral and technical jargon spoken by Bulfin's characters, the Spanish version is a fine piece of translation. It was made by a local writer, Alejandro Clancy, whose forefathers originally came to Argentina in the 1840's. See review of Laura Izarra's article on William Bulfin, "The Irish Diaspora in Argentina", below. ● Burlando, Felicia (ed.), Pupilas en el Michael Ham en las décadas de 1940-50- 60 (Buenos Aires: Asociación de Ex-alumnas del Colegio Michael Ham, 2006). Offprint from the Bulletin de la Asociación de Ex-alumnas del Colegio Michael Ham, Vol. 29 N° 47 (July 2006). ● Bredin, A.E.C., A History of the Irish Soldier (Belfast: Century Books, 1987). Irish regiments in the British campaigns 1806-07. ● EIRData, William Bulfin, Life, Work, Criticism and References (1864-1910) EIRData. ● Bushe, Andrew, "RTÉ doc recalls Argies 'Gaucho' Irish" in Irish Echo Vol. 75 - No 23 (June 5-11, 2002). The author comments on a documentary produced by RTÉ (Ireland's National Broadcasting Network) and screened in July 2002, about the Irish in Argentina. Accounts on Gaynor, Duggan, Kenny and other affluent immigrants who "established themselves as the "Gaucho" Irish -- some of the biggest landowners in the whole of South America" belong to the contribution discourse about this immigration. ● Cané, Gonzalo, Anécdotas de Irlandeses en la Historia Argentina (unpublished manuscript). Articles prepared for publishing in The Southern Cross, including stories about Admiral William Brown and Irish 19th C settlers and soldiers (eg., Leopoldo Lynch, John Thomond O'Brien, John Murtagh, Julián O'Roarke, John King, Peter Campbell and Patrick Island). Original accounts of Irish-Argentines in San Andrés de Giles and Baradero. ● Club San Cyrano. Rugby and hockey club founded by Saint Cyran's School alumni. [http:/ www.clubsancirano.com.ar/historia.htm] ● Coghlan, Eduardo A. (ed.), Andanzas de un Irlandés en el Campo Porteño 1845-1864 (Buenos Aires: Ediciones Culturales Argentinas, 1981). Originally titled The Customs and Habits of the Country of Buenos Ayres from the year 1845, these are the memoirs of John Brabazon translated into Spanish and annotated by genealogist Eduardo A. Coghlan. John Brabazon was a member of a Co. Westmeath Protestant family, who settled in Argentina in 1845 (Coghlan 1987, p. 53). Brabazon's memoirs report with simple language the adventures and misfortunes of the author in the pampas, including the barbarous murder of his first wife. Includes photos and a facsimile of the English original manuscript (two pages), which remains unpublished. According to Patrick McKenna (1994), a copy of the English manuscript was handed to him in the Irish embassy in Buenos Aires. ● Coghlan, Eduardo A., El Aporte de los Irlandeses a la Formación de la Nación Argentina (Buenos Aires, 1982). Table I: passengers arrived in Buenos Aires from 1822 to 1880. Sources for this table include the files of the Archivo General de la Nación ("Libros de Entradas de Pasajeros" 1822-1862), and the arrival lists published by the Standard newspaper from 1863 to 1880. The author selected the passenger names presumably of Irish origin and sorted all entries alphabetically [http:/www.irishargentine.org/ passenger.htm]. Table II: Irish family names in Buenos Aires (city and province) from 1855 Census. Table III: Irish family names in Buenos Aires (city and province) from 1869 Census. Table IV: Irish family names in Argentina from 1895 Census. The last three tables are sorted geographically, but there is an alphabetic index of all Tables elaborated by Miguel A. Mathé Murray (page v). Approximately 32,000 persons are mentioned throughout 645 pages. ● Coghlan, Eduardo A., Los Irlandeses en la Argentina: Su Actuación y Descendencia (Buenos Aires, 1987). Irish settlers in Argentina, including their origins in Ireland and their descendants in the River Plate or elsewhere. Entries are arranged alphabetically by male immigrant. Other contents include a chronicle of the Irish in Argentina, sketches of 413 livestock brands owned by Irish-Argentine estancieros, "La Heráldica Irlandesa" by Félix F. Martín y Herrera, and 182 Irish coats of arms. It includes press clips, photographs, and documents. Published privately, with contributions from the Cultural Relations Committee of the Irish Department of Foreign Affairs, and from private supporters (list on p. 959). Major sources: Coghlan (1982), The Southern Cross, The Standard, Handbook of the River Plate, The Story of the Irish Race (MacManus, Seumas, New York: 1921), The History of Ireland from the earliest period to the present time (Haverty, Martin, New York, 1857), Irish Pedigrees or the Origin and Stem of the Irish Nation (O’Hart, John, New York, 1923),
8 Irish families; their names, arms, and origins (MacLysght, Edward, New York: Crown Publishers, 1972), More Irish families (MacLysght, Edward, Galway: O'Gorman, 1960), Murray (1919), and Registro de Marcas de Hacienda de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (Parle, Estevan, Liverpool: Brown & Rawcliffe, 1885), as well as wills, church and civil records, family private documents and interviews. Eduardo Coghlan (1912-1997) was the most notable Irish-Argentine genealogist. Los Irlandeses en la Argentina is his masterpiece, a monumental book of 963 (awkwardly bound) pages, including more than 3,600 Irish immigrants and their families. In Wherever Green is Worn, The Story of the Irish Diaspora (London, 2000: 640), Tim Pat Coogan mentions that "Coghlan’s work is today the most consulted reference work in the [Buenos Aires] Irish Embassy." In spite of the relatively implicit chauvinism and of the insistence on linking members of the Irish race to the local landed bourgeoisie and to the European aristocracy, "this book is an invaluable source for any research concerning the Irish-Argentine community" (Guillermo MacLoughlin, The Forgotten People). ● Colegio Cardenal Newman, the Christian Brothers' boys school for local affluent families. Founded in 1948 it still one of the most expensive tuitions parents can afford for a private school in Argentina. Strategically located in an exclusive area north of Buenos Aires, the school has another institution for poorer families in Buenos Aires, Colegio Edmundo Rice, also managed by the Christian Brothers. Cardenal Newman is a prestigious name in the Argentinean rugby championship. [http:/www.cardenal-newman.edu/historia/ historia.htm] ● Colegio Santa Brígida. Asociación Católica Irlandesa founded this girls' school in 1899, initially aimed at orphans and daughters of poor Irish-Argentine families living in the provinces. [http:/www.santabrigida.esc.edu.ar/] ● Connaughton, Michael G., "The Last Connaughton in Argentina" in The Westmeath Examiner (Mullingar), 11 November 2006. ● Connaughton, Michael G., "A Day in Capitán Sarmiento" in Irish Roots (N° 48, Fourth Quarter 2003, pp. 18-19). ● Cooney, Jerry W., "O'Gorman, Thomas (b.c.1760), merchant in Spain and South America" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America, 4:4 (October 2006), pp.266-267. ● Cooney, Jerry W., "Commerce, Contraband, and Intrigue: Thomas O'Gorman in the Río de la Plata, 1797-1806" in Colonial Latin American Historical Review (Albuquerque NM), 13: 1 (Winter 2004), 31-51. ● Cruset, María Eugenia (ed.), Argentina e Irlanda 1816-1916-2016: actores, acciones y conmemoraciones (Santa Rosa: Editorial de la Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, 2018). Includes contributions by María Eugenia Cruset, María Graciela Eliggi, Graciela Orbet, Juan Manuel Rizzo, Brendan Ciarán Browne, Pablo O'Dwyer and John Brannigan. Comparisons between Argentine and Irish independence processes and accounts of the Easter Rising and female fighters. ● De Courcy Ireland, John, "Almirante William Brown, father of the Argentine Navy" in History Ireland 9:3 (2001), pp. 31-34. ● De Courcy Ireland, John, The Admiral from Mayo: A life of Almirante William Brown from Foxford (Dublin: Eamonn de Burca, 1995). ● De Courcy Ireland, John, "Admiral William Brown" in The Irish Sword 6:23 (winter 1962), pp. 119-121. ● Delaney, Juan José, What che? Integration, adaptation and assimilation of the Irish- Argentine community through its language and literature (Buenos Aires: Ediciones Universidad del Salvador, 2017). Slightly adapted version of the author's PhD dissertation presented in 2016. ● Delaney, Juan José, "La Diáspora Irlandesa en Argentina" in Todo es Historia (Buenos Aires), Vol. 39, Number 471 (October 2006), pp. 6-29. ● Delaney, Juan José, "Linguistic and Cultural Aspects of the Irish Settlers in Buenos Aires as Seen in 'Tales of the Pampa' by William Bulfin" in Ideas I:2 (Buenos Aires: Universidad del Salvador, September 2003), p. 16-22. ● Dillon, L. A twelve months’ tour in Brazil and the River Plate, with notes on sheep farming (Manchester: A. Ireland & Co., 1867). ● Doherty, Pedro, O'Dochartaigh Clan de Argentina: Historia de la Familia Doherty de Argentina (Buenos Aires: author's edition, 1991), 112 pp. Peter Doherty (1856-1938) of
9 Carrickedmond, Co. Longford, emigrated to Argentina in 1884 and married Ana Farrell in 1893. Includes genealogies of Doherty families in Argentina, Ireland and Spain. ● Donlon, Mary, "The Irish Argentines: The Longford-Westmeath Connection" in Teathba, Review of the Longford Historical Society (vol. 2, number 3, November 1992, pp. 207-214). The author claims that "the Irish Argentine is practically synonymous with Longford-Westmeath, since at least two-thirds of the Irish- Argentine families have their origins in places such as Ballymahon, Legan, Carrickboy, Edgeworthstown, Ardagh, Ballinacarrigy, Mullingar, its hinterland and even from Moydow." She provides the perspective of an Irish historian from Meeltenagh, Moydow (Co. Longford), whose grand- uncle, Barney Fox, emigrated to Argentina in 1900. In the first part, the Irish immigration during the 19th century is described in detail, including the well-known role of the Catholic church and the chain immigration scheme used by the settler families. In the second part, the experiences of the Fox family are developed with interesting details on the integration to the local culture. ● Dujovne Ortiz, Alicia, María Elena Walsh (Madrid: Ediciones Júcar, 1982). ● Dunleavy, Harry (2019), Irish Immigration to Latin America (Red Bank, NJ: Newman Springs Publishing, 2019). 260 pages. ● Dunleavy, Harry, "Silver and Gold: The Irish in Argentina" in The Mayo News (28 October 1998), p. 47. ● Escobar Bavio, Ernesto, Alumni, Cuna de Campeones y Escuela de Hidalguía (Buenos Aires: Editorial Difusión, 1953). ● Fahy, Jim, Thirty-Nine Leagues of Land (RTÉ TV documentary, Dublin: RTÉ News Production, 2002), with Orla Nix and Madge MacLaverty (research), Ed Mulhall (executive producer), and Caroline Bleahen (producer). The initial remarks by Silvia Kenny Cavanagh forestall the rest of this documentary, which lists many of the clichés attributed to Irish Argentines. "My ancestor Jim Gaynor owned around thirty- nine leagues of land in Argentina and another thirty-nine leagues in Uruguay." The interviewer asks Ms. Cavanagh if her family "ever regretted what they did to the Indians?". The response is "No, because they considered it wasn’t their problem. It is so many generations ago... We never think about that." Interviewees include journalist Mike Geraghty, historian John de Courcy Ireland ("Latin America is a very important part of the world"), J. J. O’Hara (Foxford Admiral Brown Society), Joseph Forde and Michael Fahy (Loughrea Historical Society), Mary Egan and Tom Ganly (Longford Westmeath-Argentina Society), Fr. Ambrose Geoghegan, Lizzie Geoghegan, Malvinas/Falkland soldier Ronnie Quinn, Ignacio Wallace, Teresa Dean Reddy, and John Carty. ● Fahy, Michael, "Anthony Fahy of Loughrea: Irish Missionary in Argentina" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America (January-February 2005). This article appeared in the Journal of the Loughrea Historical Society. ● Fanning, Tim, Paisanos: The Forgotten Irish Who Changed the Face of Latin America (Dublin: Gill Books, 2016). Also published in Spanish as Paisanos: Los irlandeses olvidados que cambiaron la faz de Latinoamérica (Buenos Aires: Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial Argentina, 2017). Biographies of Irish-born soldiers who "braved the treacherous Atlantic crossing to join the ranks of the Liberator, Símon Bolívar, and became instrumental in helping oust the Spanish from Colombia, Panama, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. Today, the names of streets, towns, schools, and football teams on the continent bear witness to their influence" (from the publisher's catalogue). A well-written popular account following the values of the contribution discourse in Irish Diaspora. ● Fernandez-Gomez, Emilio Manuel, Argentina: Gesta Británica, Vols. I, IIa, and IIb (Buenos Aires: L.O.L.A. Literature of Latin America, 1993). This is a noteworthy revisionist version of the British (i.e., English, Irish, Scottish, Welsh) emigration to, colonization of, and investment in, Argentina. This remarkable work includes detailed, albeit opinionated, accounts of the contribution of English-speaking individuals and institutions to the development of the South American country. The author's strong position against a Nationalist perspective and his favouring of a return of Argentina to English economic influence stir certain biased understanding in his conclusions. Nevertheless, the massive amount of quality historical information presented throughout the three volumes is a valuable source for the study of the British- Argentine relations, and provides a well of
10 information about the context of the Irish emigration to Argentina as a part of the English plans in South America. ● Foley, Billy, "The Irish in Argentina" in Irish Family History (Vol VI 1990). ● Gálvez, Lucía, Historias de inmigración: Testimonio de pasión, amor y arraigo en tierra argentina (1850-1950) (Buenos Aires: Norma, 2003). Chapter 1 ("La temprana y próspera inmigración irlandesa") is based on an interview with Maureen Hughes Moore de Acuña and her personal account of several Irish ancestors. ● García, Alejandra and Gladis J. Mignacco, "In the Name of Power: Culture and Place Names in Venado Tuerto", first published in Spanish in Revista Lote, Mensuario Cultural Vol VII, No 72 (Venado Tuerto, July 2003). ● Garrahan, Tomás, Memoirs 1864-1936, manuscript (Buenos Aires, ca. 1930). A copy of the manuscript in English was handed over to me by the Garrahan family. The author, who emigrated to Argentina with his parents when he was a child, provides an accurate account of his years working in the camp, the rural life of an Irish bachelor, social relations, the sheep breeding business, and the gradual adaptation of the estancias to cattle and then to agriculture. Interesting views on religion, family, land, alcohol and entertainment. 99 pages. ● Gaynor, John S., The History of St. Patrick's College in Mercedes (Buenos Aires: The Southern Cross, 1958). ● Geoghegan, Abel Adolfo, Bibliografía de Guillermo Furlong S.J. (Buenos Aires, 1957). Second edition 1980. ● Geary, Patricia, "Irish Emigration to Argentina" in Mallow Field Club Journal 16 (1998), pp. 149-156. ● Geary, Patricia, “The Curtin's of Ballygarrett” in Mallow Field Club Journal 15 (1997), pp. 133-139. ● Geraghty, Michael John, "From the Land of Leprechauns" in the Buenos Aires Herald, 16 March 1997 (Buenos Aires, 1997). ● Geraghty, Michael John, "A Day for the Wearing of the Green" in the Buenos Aires Herald 15 March 2001 (Buenos Aires, 2001). About the Armstrong/Fahy leadership among Irish- Argentines during the 19th C. ● Geraghty, Michael John, "Argentina: a Land of Broken Promises" in the Buenos Aires Herald, 17 March 1999 (Buenos Aires, 1999). On 16 February 1889, the City of Dresden arrived in Buenos Aires with two thousand undernourished and dehydrated Irish emigrants onboard. It was "the largest number of passengers ever to arrive in Argentina from any one destination on any one vessel." They were deceived by government agents - Irishmen J. O'Meara and John S. Dillon -, and underwent an arduous integration in the country. The Dresden Affair put an end to the emigration from Ireland to Argentina. ● Geraghty, Michael John, "Homeward Bound" in the Buenos Aires Herald (Buenos Aires, 27 September 2000). A petition signed by hundreds of Irish-Argentines was addressed to the Irish authorities in 2002. They claim their Irish ancestry and require "to become Irish nationals themselves, or in the alternative to be able to seek and obtain employment in Ireland as if they were Irish nationals". For Argentina, the first years of the 21st century are characterised by a severe lack of job opportunities, social welfare, and physical security, very different of the opulent wealth of a century ago. This is a dramatically contrasting reality compared with the previous contribution discourse of the Irish in Argentina. ● Geraghty, Michael John, "Irish Power in Argentina" in The Southern Cross, Centenary Special Edition (Buenos Aires, 1975). With an independent and original perspective of the politics in place within the Irish-Argentine community, the author re-writes a cultural history where "successful" and "Irish" were connected, and in which "the Irish certainly made the best out of their adopted land and the best out of themselves." However, he recognises that some of the Irish-Argentines "had become powerful without ever wanting to in one of life's small and ironic contradictions that these immigrants built up in Argentina a system of land ownership and tenure, which in Ireland had enslaved them." Other Irish-Argentines "will be found among the ever- growing masses of Argentina’s poor." Interesting data and information about the education, "at which the Irish would excel and make their second most important and longest lasting contribution to Argentina." The
11 following is the complete version of the text, which was not published by The Southern Cross. ● Geraghty, Michael John, "Rodolfo Walsh: An Argentine Irishman" in the Buenos Aires Herald (29 March 2002). ● Geraghty, Michael John, "Rodolfo Walsh: Bibliography and Websites" in Local Ireland (1999). A complete list of works by the Irish-Argentine journalist who was killed by the Argentine dictators in 1976. ● Geraghty, Michael John, "You May Die in Ireland" in the Buenos Aires Herald (Buenos Aires, 17 March 2003). ● Geraghty, Michael John, “Was Admiral Brown Admiral Someone Else?” Text of lecture William Brown, whose agent was he? given at the British Engineering Association (Buenos Aires) on 6 April 2004. ● Gerding, Eduardo C., "The Black Frigate" in the Buenos Aires Herald. The author's ancestor Eduard Gerding of the Kingdom of Hanover, arrived in Argentina in 1830, and was a partner of William MacCann. Gerding founded The Strangers Club, the oldest club in South America. ● Gerding, Eduardo C., "Irlanda a bordo" in América Celta (website) December 2005
12 complement to Eduardo Coghlan's work. Review by Edmundo Murray in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America, 4:4 (October 2006), pp.254-259. ● Harrington, Isabel H., Un Criollo Irlandés (Buenos Aires, 1976). Life of polo player Alfredo Harrington. ● Harty, Ray, "Fahy of Argentina and Therry of Australia: two Nineteenth-century Expatriate Irish Chieftains" in Irish-Australian Studies (1994), pp. 269-278. ● Hayes, Sean S., "Hurling in Argentina" in A Century of Service (Dublin: Cumann Luthchleas Gael, 1984), pp. 80-82. ● Healy, Claire, Migration from Ireland to Buenos Aires, 1776-1890. PhD Dissertation, NUI, Galway, 2005. James Hardiman Library, NUI, Galway. ● Healy, Claire, English Faces at the Port: Atlantic Networks in Buenos Aires 1776- 1825 (paper presented at The Atlantic History Seminar, Cambridge 14-22 March 2004, unpublished). ● Hearns, Orla. "Brown statue is unveiled at Dublin docks" in the Western People newspaper, 11 October 2006 (Ballina, county Mayo). On 27 September 2006 An Taoiseach Bertie Ahern unveiled a statue of William Brown on the newly named Admiral Brown Walk in Dublin's docklands. The statue was erected as a result of the generous donation of Euro 40,000 from Mayo Man of the Year, Bill Durkin, who hails from Bohola. Mr Durkin was amongst the attendance and he was praised by all of those present for his wonderful generosity. ● Hogg, Ricardo, Patricio Lynch, novela histórica (Buenos Aires: Ediciones del Taller Gráfico Luis Bernard, Biblioteca del Suboficial, 1931). ● Hooker, Terry and Ron Poulter, The Armies of Bolivar and San Martin (London: Osprey, 1991). ● Horan, Timothy, The Irish in Argentina (Buenos Aires, 22 July 1958), 21 pages, unpublished. A report produced by the Irish embassy in Argentina, which covers in itemized paragraphs the social history of the Irish Argentines 1810-1955. Particular emphasis is given to the class structure composed of a "landowning oligarchy" and the labourers. This structure shaped the Irish-Argentine community during about a century: "it is one of history's little ironies that our immigrants came to Argentina to assist in building up a system and a class the creation of which in Ireland had led to their own emigration." Linguistics and education are also accounted for in this report (National Archives of Ireland, Department of Foreign Affairs, Buenos Aires 900/1). ● Hudson, Thomas, Brothers in Arms: Generals Paroissien and O'Brien (Buenos Aires: Editorial Dunken, 2005). Biographies of the surgeon Diego Paroissien and general John Thomond O'Brien, who participated in the Argentine war of independence with José de San Martín. ● Hudson, Thomas, Admiral William Brown: the Master of the River Plate (Buenos Aires, 2004). ● Hurling Club Argentina. As far as 1887, hurling was already played by Irish settlers in Buenos Aires. On 5 August 1900, the Buenos Aires Hurling Club was formally founded with the support of William Bulfin. In 1922, the Hurling Federation is established and in 1929 it changed its name to Hurling Club. [http:/www.hurling- club.com.ar] ● Hutchinson, Thomas Joseph, Buenos Aires and Argentine Gleanings; with Extracts from a Diary of the Salado Exploration in 1862 and 1863 (London: Edward Stanford, 1865). Thomas Hutchinson, a physician, was the British Consul in Rosario in the 1860s. Thomas Murray wrote in 1919: "As affording a glimpse at Buenos Aires, its ways, affairs, politics and prospects at this time, one of the most useful books I have met is a volume called Gleanings, by an Irishman, Thomas Hutchinson. He was English Consul at Rosario for some years, but took a deep and sympathetic interest in the progress of the country generally, and made laborious investigations as to its possibilities as a cotton producing region. [...] He notes with pleasure that the most successful sheep-farmers in the Republic are his own countrymen, and also remarks the preponderance in numbers of Westmeathmen and Wexfordians over those from the other Irish counties. [...] The tale was circulated here in Buenos Aires that he [Hutchinson] got his appointment and preference from the English Government for betraying his friends. He was an Irishman and was, it is said, one of O’Connell’s secretaries" [Murray 1919: 310]. Previously to Rosario, Hutchinson was appointed British Consul in Montevideo and before that in Clarence Port (present-day
13 Malabo, Equatorial Guinea). Member of the Royal Geographical Society, Thomas Hutchinson was a keen explorer, scientist and prolific writer. Other books and articles by Hutchinson include The Parana; with incidents of the Paraguayan War (1868), Two Years in Peru (1874), Impressions of Western Africa (1858), Narrative of the Niger, Tshadda and Binue Eploration(1855), Ten Years Wandering among the Ethiopians (1861), and On the General Features of West African Trade in "Journal of the Society of Arts" (London), 22 (1874). ● Iglesias, Carlos, Irlandeses en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires (Buenos Aires: Asociación Rumbo Sur, 2018). Pictorial account of the urban and Porteño values of the Irish in Argentina in the 21st century. ● Instituto Monseñor Dillon. The latest school founded by the "Asociación Católica Irlandesa" in 1993. Website (http://www.monsdillon.com.ar/) accessed 23 September 2005. ● Izarra, Laura, Narrativas de la Diáspora Irlandesa bajo la Cruz del Sur (Buenos Aires: Corregidor, 2011). Literary representations of the Irish in Brazil and Argentina in 1865-1915. ● Izarra, Laura, "The Irish Diaspora in Argentina" in British Association for Irish Studies, Bulletin 32 (October, 2002) pp. 5-9. The author, Professor of Literature at the University of São Paulo, and Co-Editor of the Brazilian Journal of Irish Studies, analyses William Bulfin's works in the dual context of Irish-Argentine migration. "Bulfin's stories reaffirm the triumph of the Irish over the indigenous: exiles are 'Irish in thought, in sympathy, and in character' in a different society." Bulfin, who was born in Co. Offaly and emigrated to Argentina in the 1880s, was influenced by the typical Irish nationalism of the time: "historical recollections include victories and defeats of internal wars as well as a nationalist stance against English imperialist policy an cruelty." Izarra recognises that "not all diasporas translate a homing instinct with a wish to return to reform the 'country of origin'. Certainly Bulfin lived in South America for seventeen years and was committed to the long-term Irish community in Argentina; yet he continued to condemn emigration from Ireland." ● Izarra, Laura, "Juan José Delaney: Irish Diasporic Literary Voices in South American Border Narratives" in ABEI Journal, The Brazilian Journal of Irish Studies, N°3 (São Paulo, June 2001). ● Jessop, Violet, Titanic Survivor: The Newly Discovered Memoirs of Violet Jessop Who Survived Both the Titanic and Britannic Disasters (New York: Sheridan House, 1997). Introduced, edited and annotated by the maritime historian John Maxtone- Graham. Violet's father William Jessop emigrated from Dublin to Argentina in the mid-1880s and shortly afterwards was followed by his fiancée Katherine Kelly. They married in Argentina and their first child Violet was born 2 October 1887. Chapters 1 to 5 give a good description of life in Argentina before the family moved to England after the death of William Jessop. Chapter 14 describes a visit to Buenos Aires by Violet when she was grown up. ● Julianello, Maria Teresa & Maria Silvana Vazquez, "The Story of Camila O'Gorman" in Irish Roots 3 (1996). ● Julianello, Maria Teresa, The Scarlet Trinity: The Doomed Struggle of Camila O'Gorman against Family, Church and State in 19th-century Buenos Aires (Cork: Irish Centre for Migration Studies, 2000). ● Kelly, Helen, Irish 'Ingleses': The Irish Immigrant Experience in Argentina, 1840- 1920 (Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 2009). "The experience of the Irish in Argentina was qualitatively different from that of Australia, Britain or the United States, and this study employs a comparative methodology both in relation to the more established Irish immigrant destinations as well as to European immigration as a whole. Against established destinations of nineteenth-century Irish settlement, Argentina was unique" (from the publisher's online catalogue). A good example of exceptionalist discourse in both Irish and Latin American studies. ● Kennedy, Michael, "'Mr Blythe, I Think, Hears from him Occasionally': The Experiences of Irish Diplomats in Latin America, 1919-23" in Kennedy, Michael and J. M. Skelly, Irish Foreign Policy 1919-1966: From Independence to Internationalism (Dublin: Four Courts, 2000), pp. 44-60. Revealing study of the first Irish representatives to Argentina, including
14 Eamon Bulfin, Laurence Ginnell, and Patrick J. Little, who shaped the initial relations between the Argentine government, the Irish Sinn Féin, and the Irish-Argentine community. Ammunition shipments for the IRA, political feuds among Irish Argentines, and the gradual loss of Irishness of the settlers are some of the appealing questions treated by the author. ● Keogh, Dermot, La independencia de Irlanda: la conexión argentina (1890-1922) (Buenos Aires: Ediciones Universidad del Salvador, 2016). ● Keogh, Dermot, "Patricio, Presente, ahora y para siempre; Present, now and forever" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America, Volume 8, Number 1 (August 2012). About Patrick Rice, a victim of human rights abuse in Argentina. ● Keogh, Dermot, "Argentina and the Falklands (Malvinas): the Irish Connection" in Alastair Hennessy and John Kings (eds.) The Land that England Lost: Argentina and Britain, a Special Relationship (London: British Academic Press, 1992). ● Kiely, Benedict, "William Bulfin of the Pampas" in The Capuchin Annual (Dublin, 1948). ● Kiernan, Sergio, "An Ireland of the Mind: How Irish Argentines Don't Know and Don't Care About Irish Politics" in Irish Migration Studies in South America (September 2004). ● Kimel, Eduardo, La Masacre de San Patricio (Buenos Aires: Lohle-Lumen Editores, 1986). ● King, John Anthony, Twenty Four Years in the Argentine Republic (New York, 1846). ● King, Seamus J., "Hurling in Argentina" in Seamus J. King The Clash of the Ash in Foreign Fields: Hurling Abroad (Cashel, 1998). ● Kirby, Peadar, Ireland and Latin America, Links and Lessons (Dublin: Trócaire, 1992). A remarkable Irish reading of Latin America history, including the "Irish Emigration to Argentina" (pp. 104-110) and further diplomatic relations with the Republic of Ireland. ● Larroca, Jorge, El Padre Furlong, proletario de la cultura (Buenos Aires: Editorial Retorno, 1969). ● Lambert, Eric, "Irish Soldiers in South America, 1818-30" in Studies: an Irish Quarterly Review of Letters, Philosophy and Science 58:232 (1969), pp. 376-395. ● Landaburu, Roberto E., Irlandeses en la Pampa Gringa: curas y ovejeros (Buenos Aires: Corregidor, 2006), 381 pp. A complete work of local and oral history, with extracts of interviews with ranch hands and other labourers and landowners in the area of Venado Tuerto. The role of the Irish chaplains in the formation of an Irish community. Irish names in 1887 census (province of Santa Fe), as well as births, marriage and death records in the local Catholic parish. ● Landaburu, Roberto E., Irlandeses: Eduardo Casey, Vida y Obra (Venado Tuerto, Santa Fe: Fondo Editorial Mutual Venado Tuerto, 1995). Mainly dedicated to the life and works of the Irish-Argentine Eduardo Casey, founder of Venado Tuerto city in Santa Fe, and his tragic death. It also includes stories about many Irish gauchos and first settlers in this part of the pampas. 220 pages. ● Luna, Félix (ed.), Camila O'Gorman (Buenos Aires: Planeta, 1999). ● MacCann, William, Two Thousand Miles' Ride through the Argentine Provinces: Being an Account of the Country and the habits of the people, with a Historical retrospect of the Rio de la Plata, Monte Video and Corrientes. Detailed description of the country in the first decades of the nineteenth century (London: 1853; reprint New York: AMS Press, 1971). ● MacLoughlin, Guillermo, "Argentina: The Forgotten People" in Irish Roots (Cork), No. 4, 1993. A disciple of genealogist Eduardo Coghlan, Dr. MacLoughlin continued to mapping out the story of the Irish families in Argentina. ● MacLoughlin, Guillermo, "Casey and the One-Eyed Deer" in Irish Roots, No. 3, 1994. ● MacLoughlin, Guillermo, "The forgotten people: the Irish in Argentina and other South American countries" in Celtic News (Buenos Aires: March, April, and May/June, 1998). ● MacLoughlin, Guillermo, "The Irish in South America" in M.D. Evans & Eileen O'Duill (ed.), Aspects of Irish Genealogy (Dublin: Irish Genealogical Congress Committee, 1993). ● MacMurrough Mulhall, Marion, "Erin in South America" in The Irish Rosary, Vol. XII, No. 11, November 1908. ● Macnie, J., Work and Play in the Argentine (London: T. Werner Laurie, 1925). In 1899 Dublin-born Captain J. Macnie decided to try his fortune in Argentina. He worked in estancias in Entre Ríos and Santa Fe, and learned to drive cattle and other ranch jobs. But what really fascinated him was hunting, horse racing, foot-ball and polo playing. "If the reader has had a quarter as much pleasure in reading about the Argentine as I have had in
15 writing about it, then I need feel no qualms of conscience" (p. 183). Accounts of pioneering horse racing and polo in Venado Tuerto. A translation into Spanish by José Bernardo Wallace has been launched in Venado Tuerto. ● Maguire, John Walter, La Pezuña de Oro (Buenos Aires: author's edition, 1980). Las pampas de Buenos Aires, las vaquerías y relatos camperos. Marcas de Santa Fe; Marcas de Buenos Ayres; Buenos Ayres; Llegada del gobernador; Bucaneros en el Río de la Plata; la boda de Juan Manzanares; El gaucho; las recogidas; la Estancia; los grandes arreos y el comercio de ganado; vocabulario de términos camperos. Numbered edition (540 copies), 402 pp. ● Maguire, John Walter, Loncagüe (Buenos Aires: author's edition, 1967), 250 pp. Relatos de frontera, costumbres, leyendas, La Pampa, con un estudio sobre Platería Pampa por E. Greslebin. Loncagüe is the name of a lagoon in Nueve de Julio department, west of Buenos Aires province, where John Walter Maguire's father and James Gaynor rented from the government, and later purchased, 16,000 hectares in 1865. ● McCaughan, Michael, True Crimes: Rodolfo Walsh, the life and times of a radical intellectual (London: Latin America Bureau, 2002). ● McCullough, Darragh, Ear to the Ground: Argentina Special (RTÉ documentary, aired 18 January 2007). A radio and TV documentary aired on RTE 1 television, which was announced with the hyperbolic tones of the mainstream Irish discourse about Irish contribution to Argentina's development: "They [Irish immigrants in Argentina] shaped Argentina's agricultural future, [...] they shaped Argentina's political and social development, and the Irish Argentine community grew to become among the largest landowners in the country" (RTÉ Television website, http://www.rte.ie/tv/ eartotheground/thisweek.html, accessed 25 January 2007). See also O'Keeffe's newspaper article in this bibliography. ● McGinn, Brian, "The South American Irish" in Ryan, Christopher (ed.) Aspects of Irish Genealogy III: A Selection of Papers from the Third Genealogical Congress (Dublin: Irish Genealogical Congress, 1999), pp. 25-54. ● McGinn, Brian, "St. Patrick's Day in Peru, 1824" in Irish Roots N° 1 (1995), pp. 26- 27. ● McGinn, Brian, "An Irishman's Diary" in The Irish Times (Dublin) 7 September 1999, p. 15. ● McGinn, Brian, "The Mulhall Brothers of Dublin: Pioneers of Argentina's English- language Journalism" in The Irish Times (Dublin, 7 September 1999). ● McGinn, Brian, "The South American Irish" in Irish Roots 25-28. ● McGinn, Brian, "Che Guevara's Irish Blood: The Lynch Family of Argentina" in Irish Roots 2 (1993), pp. 11-14. ● McKenna, Patrick, "Irish Migration to Argentina" in Patrick O'Sullivan (ed.) Patterns of Migration, Vol. 1 of The Irish World Wide, History, Heritage & Identity (London: Leicester University Press, 1997). ● McKenna, Patrick, "The formation of Hiberno-Argentine society" in Marshall, Oliver (ed.), English Speaking Communities in Latin America (New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000). ● McKenna, Patrick, Nineteenth Century Irish Emigration to, and Settlement in, Argentina (St. Patrick's College, Maynooth, Co. Kildare: MA Geography Thesis, 1994). Together with Sabato & Korol's essay, this is one of the most important research studies on this field, including the chain migration led by Father Anthony Fahy and Thomas Armstrong, geographic and demographic profiles of the sending areas and the emigrants, and several details of their social and economic life. Since the cited sources are written primarily in English, the thesis lacks some of the insights of the Spanish-speaking bourgeoisie of the River Plate, and its role in the immigration process. Argentina's nineteenth-century social and political leaders were particularly Anglophile, and they were eager to gain public and social recognition among members of the British Empire. Additionally, contrary to the dominant beliefs of the leading classes in the English-speaking territories, they did not have any major negative ideas about the Irish (who, according to the Argentines, were ingleses católicos). We should add to this fine research that, particularly in 1825-1852, the local pro-British bourgeoisie was fundamental to the well-being of the Irish newcomers, and that this was one of the basic reasons why ingleses católicos were "the most successful Irish immigrant community anywhere in the world within their own lifetimes" (McKenna, 1997). Though Spanish misspelling creates some reference confusion, this has been for
16 many years the most well-rounded research work written in English about the Irish in Argentina. The thesis is now available online at NUI Maynooth Eprint Archive. ● McKenna, Patrick, Irish Emigration to Argentina: A Different Model (Cork: Irish Centre for Migration Studies, 2000). ● Meehan, Helen, "Patrick McManus (1864-1929)" in Sínsear, Folklore Commission U.C.D. N°8 (1995). Biographical information about the founder of Fianna magazine. See also by the same author, "The McManus Family of Rossylongan" in Donegal Association Yearbook (Dublin, 1998), and "The McManus Brothers" in The Donegal Annual: Journal of the Donegal Historical Society N° 46 (1994). ● Meek, Bill, Neath the Southern Cross (RTÉ radio documentary, Dublin, 1987). A series of eight radio programmes aired between September and November 1987, focusing on different aspects of the Irish in Argentina. As a background to Sarah O'Brien's Linguistic Diasporas, Narrative and Performance: The Irish in Argentina (below), these programmes by Bill Meek are a unique testimony of oral history about the Irish Argentines, with a remarkable quality of historical, linguistic and social information. "My grandfather came with a potato in his pocket. A potato in his pocket, right? That was all he had. That’s all he had. And he planted that potato and we made a big farm then, after that." Testimonials of the Irish Argentines, who speak with Westmeath and Wexford brogues, intermingling with Spanish vocabulary. Among others, the following persons were interviewed: genealogist Eduardo Coghlan, The Southern Cross editor Fr. Fidelis Rush, Juan Clancy, farmer Edmundo Moore, Bertie Flanigan, Fr. Federico Richards, historians Hilda Sabato and Juan Carlos Korol, 99-year old Mrs. Clancy from S. A. de Areco, Mrs. Sils, Mrs. Mackey, Anselmo Byrne, descendant of The Standard editors Eric Mulhall, Mrs. Casey, MP Jorge Connelly, Lucy Scally, Willy Ford, Jimmy O'Durnin, Brian Healy, Imelda Dunleavy, Fr. John Manion, Kevin Farrell, Suipacha major Miguel Geoghegan, farmer Clemente Kelly, John Nicholas Murphy, writer Horacio Verbitsky, singer and poetess Maria Elena Walsh, film-maker Oscar Barney Finn, and literary agent Lawrence Smith. [http:/www.irishargentine.org/voices.htm] ● Michael Ham Memorial College. In 1923, members of the English-speaking community asked a group of Passionist Sisters to open a bilingual Catholic girls' school in Buenos Aires. Michael Ham and his wife Ana María Lynch, both members of affluent Irish-Argentine families, assisted the nuns in their mission and afterwards donated their impressive private residence in the outskirts of Buenos Aires to the newly founded school. The school has educated several female generations of the Argentinean bourgeoisie. [http:// www.michaelham.esc.edu.ar/] ● Mirodan, Séamus, "State Urged to Seek Justice for Irish in Argentina" in The Irish Times, 12 March 2003. Several Irish surnames may be found among desaparecidos of the Argentine military regime 1976-1983. The author asks why the Irish government is not following other members of the European Union, as Spain or Italy, whose judges requested the extradition for crimes committed against Spanish and Italian citizens or their descendants in Argentina. Among the victims were the celebrated writer Rodolfo Walsh and 5 members of the Pallotine order slaughtered in their own church. There were many other victims with Irish names that the author does not mention, both among civil and military forces. ● Molina, Enrique, Una sombra donde sueña Camila O'Gorman (Buenos Aires: Losada, 1973). ● Moorhead, Patricia, "Joseph Smith Sheehan, a Corkman with a picturesque career" in Irish Family History 16 (2000), pp. 72-87. Biography of Bernard Smith O'Brien Sheehan (1845-1926). ● Morner, Magnus, "Obituary: Guillermo Furlong Cardiff (1889-1974)" in Hispanic American Historical Review 55:1 (February 1975). ● Muleiro, Vicente, "Rodolfo Walsh, con las armas del lenguaje" in Clarín (Buenos Aires), 9 September 2006. Review of newly-published book by Rodolfo Walsh Un oscuro día de justicia (Buenos Aires: Ediciones de la Flor, 2006). The book includes the short stories "Irlandeses detrás de un gato", "Los oficios terrestres", and "Un oscuro día de justicia", which are related to the author's days in a school for Irish orphans and others without means, supported by the wealthy Irish women of the St. Joseph Ladies Society. ● Mulhall, Michael George, The English in South America (Buenos Aires: The Standard Press, 1878; reprint New York: Arno Press, 1977).
17 ● Mulhall, Michael George & Edward Thomas, Handbook of the River Plate, Comprising Buenos Ayres, The Upper Provinces, Banda Oriental, and Paraguay (Buenos Aires: The Standard Press, six editions 1863-69-75-76-85-92). Published by the founders of The Buenos Aires Standard newspaper. Web version, compiled from the 1863 original by Jeremy Howat, including a list sorted geographically: Foreigners resident in Buenos Aires and the province in 1863. [http:/homepage.ntlworld.com/jnth/Mul1863/intro.htm] ● Murphy, Ana Castello, "Irlandeses durante el primer año del 'The Southern Cross'" in The Southern Cross Vol. 130, N° 5897 (February 2005), pp. 3, 5. Detailed account of the Irish community in the 1870s based on news appeared in the first year of the Southern Cross. ● Murray, Edmundo, "Within and beyond the Empire: Irish settlement in Argentina (1830-1930)" in History in Focus N° 11 (Autumn 2006), available online (http:// www.history.ac.uk/ihr/Focus/Migration/articles/murray.html), accessed 15 November 2006. [http:/www.history.ac.uk/ihr/Focus/Migration/articles/murray.html] ● Murray, Edmundo, "The Irish in Falkland/Malvinas Islands" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America (www.irlandeses.org), cited 18 October 2005. ● Murray, Edmundo, "How British Sports Became Argentine Passions: Paddy McCarthy, Irish Footballer and Boxer in Argentina" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America (www.irlandeses.org), cited 22 July 2005. ● Murray, Edmundo, Devenir Irlandés: Narrativas íntimas de la emigración irlandesa a la Argentina 1844-1912 (Buenos Aires: Eudeba, 2004). Revised edition in English, Becoming 'irlandés': Private Narratives of the Irish Emigration to Argentina, 1844-1912 (Buenos Aires: Literature of Latin America, 2006). ● Murray, Edmundo, "How the Irish became 'Gauchos Ingleses': Shared Values and Cultural Representations in Irish-Argentine Literature" in González, Rosa (ed.) The Representation of Ireland/s: Images from Outside and from Within (Barcelona: PPU, 2003). ● Murray, Edmundo, "Irish Place Names and Landmarks in Argentina: Murphy, Santa Fe" in The Southern Cross 127 N° 5860 (Buenos Aires, January 2002). ● Murray, Edmundo, "Edgeworthstown Emigration to Argentina" in Leavy, John et al. Edgeworthstown Parish of Mostrim ó theachgo theach 1901-2000 (Longford, 2003), p. 429. ● Murray, Edmundo, Passanger Lists of Irish Immigrants in Argentina (1822- 1929). Compiled from Table I of Coghlan's "El Aporte de los Irlandeses a la Formación de la Nación Argentina" (Buenos Aires, 1982), and other passenger lists (e.g., CEMLA database). Includes individual records for 7,159 immigrants and descriptions of most frequently used ships. [http:/www.irishargentine.org/passenger.htm] ● Murray, Edmundo, “The Irish Road to Argentina: Nineteenth-Century Travel Patterns from Ireland to the River Plate” in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America, I (2006), 28-44. [http:/www.irishargentine.org/road.htm] ● Murray, Joe, The Argentina Connection (RTÉ radio documentary, Dublin, 17 March 2004). Aired the day before a visit of President of Ireland Mary McAleese to Argentina, Chile and Brazil. Interviews with Clare Healy (NUI Galway), Silvia Kenny, Maria Rosa Murray from Capilla del Señor, farmer Jimmy Ballesty, economist Tommy Leavy, Juan Devereux and others. ● Murray, John, S.J., "The Irish and Others in Argentina" in Studies: an Irish Quarterly Review of Letters, Philosophy and Science (Vol XXXVIII 1949), pp. 377-388. Perspectives of Fr. Murray regarding the relations of the already well-established Irish community in Argentina with the Anglo-Argentines and the Argentines. Linguistic and other observations are worthy of note. It is interesting to notice that he did not mention The Southern Cross when citing the English-speaking newspapers read by the Irish Argentines. ● Murray, Thomas, The Story of the Irish in Argentina (New York: P.J. Kenedy & Sons, 1919). It was the first English-language book about the Irish emigration to Argentina, and remained the only one during almost a century. Within the typical nationalist and officially Catholic discourse of the first decades of the twentieth century (it was written in 1917), the author presents a complete and detailed account of the Irish settlement in the River Plate. Subscription lists for different purposes, history of the religious institutions, sports, schools, and internal divisions of the Irish-Argentine community. ● Nally, Patrick, "Los Irlandeses en la Argentina" in Familia: Ulster Genealogical Review, Vol. 2, No. 8 (1992).
18 ● Nevin, Kathleen, You'll Never Go Back (Maynooth: The Cardinal Press, 1999). Original edition by Bruce Humphries (Boston, 1946). The experience and homesickness of an Irish girl from Co. Longford (the author's mother) in 19th-century Argentina. Work and love in urban and rural life of the pampas, with a gradually changing ethic (and ethnic) vision of both "natives" and fellow immigrants. 230 pages. ● Newman, Sharon, "Hasta la Vista! The Westmeath-Argentina Connection" in The Westmeath Examiner (Mullingar, 19 September 2002). Midlands journalist Sharon Newman writes about the history and activities of the Longford-Westmeath Argentina Society, founded in 1989 by Mike Duffy, Pat Nally, Billy Foley and others. She quotes Chairman Tom Ganley: "If you mention almost any name in Westmeath you will find that name in Argentina. It’s part of our heritage or we are part of their (Argentina’s) heritage. It’s an aspect of our heritage that should not be forgotten." Interesting to the researcher, "the Westmeath Examiner was still a part of the Westmeath emigrants' lives, as after its establishment in 1882, hundreds of papers were sent over to relatives in Argentina." ● O’Brien, Declan, "The Argentine Irish: Our Forgotten Cousins" in Farmers Journal (13 July 2002). In this article, Irish Argentines are "Argentine Irish", since it deals with the contribution of the Irish to Argentina and the potential contribution of their families to Ireland (due to the ongoing economic crisis in Argentina). Apart from certain historical flaws (e.g., Father Fahy’s hometown Ballymahon, Co. Longford, instead of Loughrea, Co. Galway), the author recurs to the old story of the Irish estancieros (landlords) getting rich in Argentina. Interesting linguistic considerations are undermined by the repetition of clichés, like "the 600,000 or so Argentines of Irish extraction," and "the fifth largest Irish emigrant community worldwide." ● O’Brien, Sarah, Linguistic Diasporas, Narrative and Performance: The Irish in Argentina (Dublin: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017). Focusing on the language of the Irish- Argentines, the author elaborates on their networks, rural and urban attitudes, religious values and other aspects of their social life. The core of the book are the interviews to a group of Irish- Argentines and the author's conclusions. ● O'Byrne, Mary. Strands from a Tapestry: A Story of Dominican Sisters in Latin America (Dublin: Dominican Publications, 2001). "In 1967, three sisters from the then autonomous, semi-enclosed Taylor's Hill convent in Galway set out for Argentina to investigate the possibility of opening a mission there. This book tells the story of what resulted from that journey. The sisters started their work in Argentina by administering the school in the Keating Institute in Buenos Aires. When Taylor's Hill joined the Cabra Congregation of Dominican Sisters, others joined the Argentine adventure and the work was expanded. The decision to move into direct evangelisation through pastoral work in the barrios brought the sisters into even more direct involvement in the lives of the people" (from the publisher's website). ● Ó Catháin, Máirtín Dr. John O’Dwyer Creaghe (1841-1920), Irish-Argentine Anarchist, Magee College, University of Ulster, Derry/Londonderry. ● O'Connor, John (ed.), 4 de Julio 1976 - 4 de Julio 2001: Veinticinco Años de la Masacre de San Patricio (Buenos Aires: Parroquia de San Patricio and Dirección General de Derechos Humanos, 2001), 31 pages. A multi-authored pamphlet including stories, biographies and poems about the murder of Alfredo Leaden, Pedro Dufau, Alfredo Kelly, Salvador Barbeito and Emilio Barletti, members of the Pallotine community at San Patricio parish church in Belgrano, Buenos Aires. ● O'Keeffe, Pat. "Irish buy 22,000 acres in Argentina" in Irish Farmers Journal (7 October 2006). Tired of obtaining few benefits from farming in highly-regulated Ireland, Walter Furlong and Jim McCarthy led a group of Irish investors in Argentine agricultural operation. [http:/www.farmersjournal.ie/2006/1007/news/currentedition/newsfeature.shtml] See also McCullough's documentary in this bibliography. ● Ó Murchadha, Ciarán, "Springfield People: new Material on the History of Springfield College" in The Other Clare Vol. 18 (Ennis, April 1994), pp. 63-68. The story of Patrick Fitzsimons, who together with Cuthbert C. Power founded in 1843 Springfield school in Ennis, Co. Clare, later affiliated with London University. "In June 1862, the people of Ennis were much taken aback to learn that the master of Springfield, one of the most prominent citizens of the town, had at the age of forty nine, uprooted himself, his wife and family and departed suddenly for foreign parts. Left behind him in his flight were debts owed to
19 many creditors [...]. Fitzsimons and his family became known after some time that he had arrived in Argentina, from where it gradually filtered back that he had become involved in some way with a school in the then inaccessible province of Corrientes." In a footnote, the author adds his doubts about Fitzsimons' doctorate from Oxford. ● O'Neill, Kevin, Apuntes Históricos Pallotinos (Buenos Aires: Editora Palloti, 1995). Covers the Massacre at St. Patrick's church on 4 July 1976. ● Ortigüela, Raúl, Raíces Celtas: Los Cavanagh (Venado Tuerto, 1994). Life of Edward Cavanagh, founder of the Cavanagh town in Córdoba. In the 1880’s, many Irish immigrants settled in the "pampa gringa" (south of Santa Fe and Córdoba provinces). One of them, Edward Cavanagh, who arrived in 1851 from Ireland, established large states in the area and founded a family of famous cattlemen and polo players. ● Ortigüela, Raúl, Murphy en Tierras Benditas (Venado Tuerto, 1991). A chronicle of the founding and development of the small Murphy train station and town, 18 km off Venado Tuerto. Life and family of John James Murphy, from Kilrane, Co. Wexford, first settlers and evictions of Italian tenants by Murphy’s descendants. ● Palleiro, María Inés (ed.), San Patricio en Buenos Aires: celebraciones y rituales en su dimensión narrativa (Buenos Aires: Dunken, 2006). ● Peart, Barbara, Tia Barbarita: Memories of Barbara Peart (London: Faber & Faber, 1933), 360 pages. A counterpoint to Kathleen Nevin's You'll Never Go Back, portraying the memoirs in the third person of a Dublin-born young woman who marries a well-off Irish landlord of Entre Ríos, Argentina. ● Petit de Murat, Ulises, Genio y Figura de Benito Lynch (Buenos Aires: Editorial Universitaria de Buenos Aires, 1968). ● Poletti, Abel, "Irlandeses: Nuestro 'Alter Ego'. Inmigración Irlandesa" in La Voz de Zárate, December 2002 and January 2003. ● Pope, Conor, "A Reversal of Fortune" in The Irish Times (13 November 2002). Within the recent flood of people looking for a better future outside Argentina, "more than 1,000 Argentinians have moved to Ireland in recent times." The early twenty-first century emigration from Argentina to Ireland is accounted for in this article, including emigrant testimonials and interesting information. Some key formulae of the contribution discourse, which do not help to illuminate Irish-Argentine history, are present in the article. One of them is about Ernesto Che Guevara, whose grandmother Ana Lynch (1861-1918) was not born in Galway but in San Francisco. The efforts to give an Irish flavour to the Latin- American revolutionist give the impression that Guevara did what he did because he had Irish ancestors. Other common place is the statement arguing that "half a million Argentinians claim Irish ancestry, making them the fifth largest Irish emigrant community in the world." The origin of this statement seems to be a déjà vu combination of unsupported guess estimates and Irish-Argentine politically-oriented rhetoric. ● Prado, Alicia, Orígenes Irlandeses en los Pagos de Areco y de la Cañada de la Cruz. This article is published in the "Patrick Island Pub" website (Buenos Aires). ● Pyne, Peter, The invasions of Buenos Aires, 1806-1807: the Irish dimension (University of Liverpool: Institute of Latin American Studies, Research Paper 20, 1996). ● Pyne, Peter, "A Soldier under Two Flags, Lieutenant-Colonel James Florence Burke: Officer, Adventurer and Spy" in Études irlandaises (Spring 1998), pp. 121- 138. ● Raffo, Víctor, El origen británico del deporte argentino: Atletismo, cricket, fútbol, polo, remo y rugby durante las presidencias de Mitre, Sarmiento y Avellaneda (Buenos Aires, 2004). ● Raspo, Amado, "El sobrino de Beresford" in La Opinión (Rafaela, Argentina), 5 January 2006. Notes on the life of Patricio Isla (Patrick Island), taken from Daniel Balmaceda's Espadas y Corazones, p. 168. ● Rath, Patrick M., "Up Country in the Argentine" in The Clongownian (Christmas, 1900) pp. 14-17. The author, son of a wealthy sheep-farmer of San Pedro, Buenos Aires, was a former student of the Jesuit exclusive Clongowes Wood College (Clane, Co. Kildare). Paddy Rath was contemporary of James Joyce in Clongowes. Both received a role in the celebrations of Easter 1891 (cf. "Roth" in The Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man). Rath addresses to "old Tullabeggars and Clongownians" and describes the life in his ranch. Although aligned with the traditional contribution perspective, it includes many colourful descriptions of the pampas and of the work in a sheep-farm. Depictions of gauchos are on
20 line with William Bulfin's characters: "thus it is the generality of your gauchos - born believers in 'el destino'". It is also a good companion to Tomás Garrahan memoirs 1864-1936. ● Ratto, Héctor R., Historia del Almirante Brown (Buenos Aires: Instituto de Publicaciones Navales, 1985). ● Read, Jan, The New Conquistadors (London: Evans Brothers Ltd., 1980). ● Ready, William B., "The Irish and South America" in Eire-Ireland 1:1 (1966), pp. 50-63. ● Richards, José E., Charlas de los Viernes (Buenos Aires: private edition, 1994). José Richards (d. 1978), lawyer and president of the Argentine Federation of Irish Associations. The book is a collection of talks on the radio about the Irish and Irish- Argentine matters, taken from the programme Irlanda: la isla esmeralda (1979-1994) which was aired in Radio Splendid, Radio Nacional, and finally in Radio Municipal every Friday between 4.40 and 5.05pm. John Joseph Scanlan (b.1925), headmaster of St. Brendan's boys school since 1966, was in charge of the programme's contents together with his wife Nollie Durán (thanks to Edward Walsh for this information). ● Richards, José E. & Juan S. Gaynor, El Padre Fahy, homenaje de la Asociación Católica Irlandesa en el Centenario de su Fallecimiento 1871-1971 (Buenos Aires: Editorial Irlandesa, 1971). ● Rizzo, Antonia. "Cementerio bajo la lupa" in The Southern Cross 131: 5197 (October 2006), p. 14. Analysis of Celtic crosses in the cemetery of Mercedes, Buenos Aires province. Republished from "El Cementerio de Mercedes, Provincia de Buenos Aires. Manifestaciones Funerarias de la Comunidad Irlandesa" in Miradas al Pasado desde Chivilcoy II. ● Robertson, J.P. and W.P., Letters on South America; comprising Travels on the Banks of the Parana and Rio de la Plata (London: John Murray, 1843). 3 vols. ● Rodriguez, Horacio, King (Buenos Aires: Instituto Browniano, 1995). ● Roger, María José, Los inmigrantes irlandeses y la educación (Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, 2003. BA History Thesis. 157 pages, in Spanish, unpublished). This study focuses on the neglected area of Irish schools and education in Argentina 1850-1950, from the camp school masters to the Catholic and secular schools (with an "Epilogue" including new Irish schools 1950-2000). Contents include Irish and Argentine historical frameworks, the immigration process to Argentina, the Irish-Argentine community, nineteenth-century education in Argentina and in Ireland, Irish-Argentine schools, and their contribution to Argentine education. It is a scholarly developed research, with comprehensive contextualisation of education in Ireland, in Argentina, and in other immigrant communities. Roger has intelligently used, among several sources, The Southern Cross collection, as well as Passionists and Christian Brothers manuscript libraries. ● Rohan, Brian, "Che Guevara's Irish Roots" in SILAS website (www.irlandeses.org/ rohan.htm), cited 13 October 2007. ● Roldán, Héctor G., "Los Irlandeses en Salto" in El Museo, Año III - N° 34 (Salto, 8 June 2002), pp. 20-23. ● Sabato, Hilda & Juan Carlos Korol, Cómo fue la Inmigración Irlandesa en Argentina (Buenos Aires: Editorial Plus Ultra, 1981). One of the first scholarly essays on the Irish emigration to Argentina. Using unique sources and documents, and from the perspective of economic history, the authors establish a pattern of the Irish immigration, including fine analysis of its social and economic life. The conservative number of immigrants provided by Sabato & Korol ("between 10,500 and 11,500 settlers" during the nineteenth century) may be too low because it was taken from Coghlan's records of settled immigrants (i.e., those who were included in the censuses 1869 and 1895), excluding re-emigrations to the USA, Australia, and Ireland, and deaths between the two censuses, especially during the cholera outbreaks. Sabato & Korol present solid arguments and calculations to support their estimate (Appendix I). The importance of the number of immigrants seems to be more political than anything else: some of the Irish-Argentine leaders thought that a larger number of immigrants would be a valid argument to attract the attention of both Argentine and Irish authorities. In 1977, a preliminary version of this study was presented by Hilda Sabato to the Latin American History Seminar, organised by Prof. John Lynch at the Institute of Latin American Studies of the University of London.
21 ● San Patricio 2002 en Rosario. The official page of the "Asociación Católica San Patricio" in Rosario, the most important city in Santa Fe province, Argentina. This city is close to Arroyo Seco town, which was an Irish settlement by the end of the 1880's. [http:/ www.sanpatricio2002.com.ar/] ● Seisdedos, Gabriel, El Honor de Dios (Buenos Aires: Ediciones Paulinas, 1986). Covers the Massacre at St. Patrick's church on 4 July 1976. ● Share, Bernard, "Tan gaucho como los Gauchos: The Irish in Argentina" in CARA (Aer Lingus in-flight magazine), Vol. 16, No. 5 (September/October 1983). ● Skehan, Gerard, "Limerick's Own Exile J.J. Scanlan Helped the Greening of Argentina" in The Limerick Leader (29 March 2003). ● Speight, Patrick, Irish-Argentine Identity in an Age of Political Challenge and Change, 1875-1983 (Oxford: Peter Lang, 2019). ● Spinetto, Horacio J. "Redescubriendo Buenos Aires: Presencia irlandesa en calles, plazas e iglesias porteñas" in Todo es Historia (Buenos Aires), Vol. 39, Number 471 (October 2006), pp. 30-31. ● St. Brendan's School. Founded in 1966 by John Joseph Scanlan and Nelly Durand de Scanlan. [http:/www.stbrendans.esc.edu.ar/] ● Taurozzi, Susana, Los Pasionistas en Argentina y Uruguay: Cien años de historia (Buenos Aires: Misioneros Pasionistas, 2006). ● Taurozzi, Susana, "Tierra y religión: Las misiones en las estancias irlandesas" in Todo es Historia (Buenos Aires), Vol. 39, Number 471 (October 2006), pp. 32-38. ● The Longford Westmeath Argentina Society was set up in 1989 to foster relations and create a greater awareness of the links between the two countries. It holds lectures, social events and outings, as well as offering a point of contact for Argentine visitors to Ireland and advice and contacts for local people making the trip to Argentina. ● The Buenos Aires Standard, published weekly, later daily, from 1861 to 1959 was founded by brothers Michael George Mulhall (1836-1900) and Edward Thomas Mulhall (1832-1899). It was aimed at the "English, Irish, Scottish an American [who] acknowledge one mother tongue," a "fellowship between the various members of our Anglo-Celtic race" (1 May 1861 first editorial, cited by Marshall, Oliver, The English- Language Press in Latin America, Institute of Latin American Studies, University of London, 1996). According to Marshall, in 1869 "the paper claimed a circulation of 3,000 (by comparison, Tribuna, the largest in Buenos Aires at the time, had a circulation of 5,000), [and] it covered Argentine economic, political, cultural and social affairs - concentrating when possible on British community connections, as well as foreign news coverage." One of its important contributions was the daily lists of arrivals, later used by Coghlan to bring together his tables of Irish immigrants (1863- 1880). For 98 years, The Standard was one of the primary sources of information for the English speakers in the area. However, it was not "the first English language paper" in Argentina or even in South America, as it is widely claimed (cf. Patrick Nally, Brian MacGinn, Guillermo MacLoughlin, or Thomas F. Meehan). For instance, in 1826, Thomas Love George introduced The British Packet and Argentine News, which was published until September 1859. In Argentina, the complete collection of The Standard in 330 volumes (1861-1959) is held by the Max von Buch Library at Universidad de San Andrés in Buenos Aires. In England, The Standard's issues from 1870 to 1952 can be consulted on microfilm in The British Library, Newspapers Division. ● The Southern Cross. Irish-Argentine newspaper founded in 1875 by Dean Patrick Joseph Dillon, published in English and after the 1960's in both English and Spanish. Issues from January 1875 through December 1995 available on microfilm (Latin American Microfilm Project, Harvard College Library, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA). ● The Southern Cross, Special Golden Jubilee Number 1875-1925 (Buenos Aires, 28 August 1925). Special edition. ● The Southern Cross, Número del Centenario (Buenos Aires, 1975). Special edition, including several articles about the history of Irish settlers and institutions in Argentina. ● The Southern Cross, Número del 125 Aniversario (Buenos Aires, 2000). Special edition. ● Ussher, Miguel Santiago. "La República de Irlanda reconocida formalmente por el intendente de Laprida" in The Southern Cross 131: 5917 (October 2006), p. 12. ● Ussher, James M., "Irish immigrants in Argentina" in Irish Ecclesiastical Records (Dublin), 5th Ser., Vol. LXX, p. 385.
22 ● Ussher, Santiago M, Father Fahy: a Biography of Anthony Dominic Fahy, O.P., Irish Missionary in Argentina 1805-1871 (Buenos Aires, 1951). ● Ussher, Santiago M., Los Capellanes Irlandeses en la Colectividad Hiberno- argentina Durante el Siglo XIX (Buenos Aires, 1954). ● Ussher, Santiago M., Las Hermanas de la Misericordia 1856-1956 (Buenos Aires, 1955). ● Veash, Nicole, "Argentina's Irish discover the old country" in The Irish Times, July 13, 2000) ● Vale, Brian, A War Betwixt Englishmen: Brazil Against Argentina On The River Plate, 1825-1830 (London: Tauris, 1999). There is a translation into Spanish by Instituto de Publicaciones Navales (Buenos Aires, 2005). The book chronicles the fight over control of the River Plate between the two countries, in a war that was the origin of Uruguay as an independent country. The author, who served as British Council representative in Latin America, conducted extensive research in British, Argentine and Brazilian archives. New perspectives on the Argentine navy's commander, William Brown, who according to the author achieved vast fame in this war but his exploits were counterbalanced by his weaknesses, especially his tendency to run unnecessary risks and his habit of constantly finding flaws in his staff. Many other Irish, British and Scottish fought in both sides of the war. A passage mentions Col. Cotter's recruitment efforts in Cork to fight for Brazil. ● Vicuña Mackenna, Benjamin, El general O'Brien (Santiago: Guillermo E. Miranda, 1902). Life of John Thomond O'Brien. ● Wall, Graeme and Jeremy Howat, The Yellow Fever Outbreak of 1871. An outstanding documentary chronicle of the epidemic that broke out in early 1871 in Buenos Aires, with devastating effects for the poorest members of the English-speaking communities. The Death Roll includes (among other British citizens of Irish origin), the death of Rev Anthony D. Fahy, from Galway, one of the most important Irish- Argentine community leaders. [http:/www.greywall.demon.co.uk/genealogy/yfever/] ● Wall, Sinéad, Irish Diasporic Narratives in Argentina: A Reconsideration of Home, Identity and Belonging (Oxford: Peter Lang, 2017). Volume 81 of the series Reimagining Ireland, edited by Eamon Maher for the Institute of Technology, Tallaght. Includes analyses of John Brabazon memoirs, William Bulfin stories and Kathleen Nevin novel (above). ● Wallace, José Brendan, "Eduardo Casey: perfil de un adelantado" in Irlandeses website, http://www.irlandeses.com.ar, cited 13 January 2005. ● Walsh, Edward, "Father William Mason Walsh and Governor D'Arcy 1871-6" in Collectanea Hibernica: Sources for Irish History N° 48 (2006), pp. 205-233. Includes a collection of twenty-five letters and documents that the author has researched in various archives in Ireland, England and the Falkland Islands. ● Walsh, Edward, "A Cork Harbour Pilot in Bahía Blanca" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America (May 2004) ● Walsh, Edward, "St Patrick's Day, Buenos Aires, 1905" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America (March 2004) ● Walsh, Edward, "Documents and Correspondence concerning and from James Foran, Irish priest and chaplain in the Falkland Islands 1876-86" in Collectanea Hibernica, 2005, pp. 241-274. Unique collection of letters published for the first time about the life of Fr. Foran in Falkland Islands. ● Walsh, Edward, "The Bradys of Giles, Areco and Westmeath" in Irish Migration Studies in South America (September 2004) ● Walsh, Edward, "An Irish Catholic Association Pilgrimage to Luján, Province of Buenos Aires (1918?)" in Collectanea Hibernica, Sources For Irish History Vol. 42 (Killiney, Co. Dublin, 2000), pp. 242-244. ● Walsh, Edward, "The Irish in the Argentine Republic: John Cullen's 1888 Report" in Collectanea Hibernica, Sources For Irish History Vol. 43 (Killiney, Co. Dublin, 2001), pp. 239-246. ● Walsh, Edward, "Fr. Anthony Fahy O.P." in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America (January- February 2005). A poem of 1919 by Patrick McManus and a comment about the death of Fr. Fahy in 1871. ● Walsh, María Elena, Las Canciones (Buenos Aires: Seix Barral, 1994). ● Walsh, Micheline, "Unpublished Admiral Brown Documents in Madrid" in The Irish Sword 3:10 (summer 1957), pp. 17-19.
23 ● Walsh, Tom, "Admiral Brown of Argentina" in Westport Historical Society. Part 1: Vol. 10 (1990) pp. 47-57. Part 2: Vol. 11 (1991), pp. 105-117. ● White, Arden C., "Irish Immigration to Argentina: An Historical Focus" in The Irish at Home and Abroad (Salt Lake City, Utah) Vol. 4, No. 3 (3rd Quarter 1997), pp. 133- 134. ● White, Arden C., "Researching the Irish in Argentina" in The Irish at Home and Abroad (Salt Lake City, Utah) Vol. 5, No. 1 (1st Quarter 1998), pp. 26-30. ● White, Arden C., "Argentina Church and Cemetery Records for Researching Irish Immigrants" in The Irish at Home and Abroad (Salt Lake City, Utah) Vol. 6, No. 4 (4th Quarter 1999), p. 187. Researching Catholic and Protestant records in 29 Irish settlements in Buenos Aires city and province. ● Winn, Jasper, "Into the Unknown - The Irish in Argentina" in The World of Hibernia Vol. 7 N° 3 - Winter 2001 (Dublin, 2001), pp. 34-46. A rather superficial article by a well-known travel writer, including excellent photographs of Argentina gauchos and scarce information on the contemporary life of Irish-Argentines in the estancias.
Chile, Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru
● Alegría, Ciro, El mundo es ancho y ajeno (Madrid: Ediciones de la Torre, 2000), first edition 1941. The Peruvian writer Ciro Alegría(1908-1967) was the great-grand son of James Lynch, an Irish mining entrepreneur in the Peruvian Andes. "In his time, he was the wealthiest man in 50 leagues round. The Irish are prone to fantasy and arrogance." (cited by Pablo Cid in his review Recuerdos familiares de un escritor olvidado: El mundo es ancho, ajeno e irlandés, in "The Southern Cross" 130:5903 August 2005, p. 2). ● Boland, Julia and Marilyn Boland, "From Ireland to South America: A Story of Departures, Separations and Reunions" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America, 4:4 (October2006), pp.240-244. ● Breffny, Brian De, "Ambrose O'Higgins: An Enquiry into his Irish Origins" in The Irish Ancestor 2:2 (1970), pp. 81-89. ● Campbell, León G., "The Foreigners in Peruvian Society during the Eighteenth Century" in Historia de América (Mexico D.F.) 73 (January, December 1972), pp. 153-163. ● Cayol, Rafael, El Barón de Ballenary (Buenos Aires, 1989). ● Clissold, Stephen, Bernardo O'Higgins and the Independence of Chile (London, 1968). ● Clayton, Lawrence A., "Grace, William Russell (1832-1904), merchant" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America, 4:4 (October2006), pp.263-265. ● Conroy, Chris, A Beggar in Paradise: Living with the Inca Indians (Dublin: Mentor Press, 1997). ● Donoso, Ricardo, El Marqués de Osorno Don Ambrosio Higgins, 1720-1801 (Santiago: Publicaciones de la Universidad de Chile,1941). ● Dueñas de Anhalzer, Carmen, "From a Shipwreck to 'Macayadas': The Macays in Ecuador" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America, 4:4 (October2006), pp.237-239. ● Dunkerley, James, The Third Man: Francisco Burdett O'Connor and the Emancipation of the Americas (London: Institute of Latin American Studies, Occasional Papers 20, 1999). ● Figueroa, Pedro Pablo, Vida del General Don Juan O'Brien, Héroe de la Independencia Sud Americana, Irlandés de nacimiento, chileno de adopción (Santiago: Imprenta Mejía, 1904). ● Figueroa, Pedro Pablo, Historia del popular escritor Don Benjamin Vicuna Mackenna, su vida, su caracter i sus obras. Cincuenta años de la historia politica, literaria i social de Chile (Santiago: Imprenta Barcelona, 1903). ● Geary, Laurence M., "Fraternally Yours: Roderic and Francis Burdett O'Connor" in Journal of Cork Historical and Archaeological Society 45:254 (January-December 1990), pp. 120-123. ● Goldberg, Joyce, "Patrick Egan: Irish-American Minister to Chile, 1889-93" in Eire-Ireland 14:3 (1979), pp.83-95. ● Griffin, Arturo, "Conquistadores, Soldiers and Entrepreneurs: Early Irish Presence in Chile" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America, 4:4 (October 2006), pp.217-220. ● Griffin, William D., "The Other Irish Americans" in William D. Griffin (ed.) The Book of Irish Americans (New York: Random House, 1990), pp. 95-97.
24 ● Hammond, Tony, British Immigrants in South America (Industry, Commerce and Science) [http://www.hammond.swayne.com/], cited 26 May 2004. ● Hasbrouck, Alfred, Foreign Legionaries in the Liberation of Spanish South America (New York: Columbia University, 1928). ● Healy, Claire, "'Foreigners of this Kind': Chilean Refugees in Ireland, 1973-1990" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America, 4:4 (October2006), pp.221-229. ● Hooker, Terry and Ron Poulter, The Armies of Bolivar and San Martin (London: Osprey, 1991). ● Hutchinson, Thomas Joseph, Two Years in Peru, with Exploration of its Antiquities (London: Sampson Low, Marston, Low & Searle, 1874), two vols. From the former British consul in Rosario, Montevideo and Equatorial Guinea, member of the Royal Geographical Society. ● Inglis, Brian, Roger Casement: the biography of a patriot who lived for England, died for Ireland (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1973). In part 3, chapters 1- 5, the author covers Casement's report about the exploitation of rubber Indian workers in Putumayo region, Peru. ● Ireland, John de Courcy, "Thomas Charles Wright: Soldier of Bolivar; Founder of the Ecuadorian Navy" in The Irish Sword 6:25 (winter 1964), pp. 271-275. ● Ireland, John de Courcy, "Irish Soldiers and Seamen in Latin America" in The Irish Sword 1:4 (1952-1953), pp. 296-303. ● Ireland, John de Courcy, Ireland and the Irish in Maritime History (Dublin: Glendale Press, 1986). ● Kelleher, Desmond, "From Westmeath to Peru Full Circle: Memoirs of a Westmeath Missionary in Sicuani, Cuzco" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America, 4:4 (October2006), pp.109-205. ● Kelleher, Thomas, Mission to the New World (Cork: Icon Communications, 1992). ● Laborde, Miguel. "La chicha irlandesa" in Nuestro.cl: El sitio del patrimonio cultural chileno (Corporación Patrimonio Cultural de Chile). ● Lambert, Eric, "Arthur Sandes of Kerry" in The Irish Sword 12:47 (winter 1975), pp. 139-146. ● Lambert, Eric, "General Francis Burdett O'Connor" in The Irish Sword 13:51 (winter 1977), pp. 128-133. ● Larena Quijada, Victor, "Patricio Lynch: marino y gobernante" in Revista de Marina 1 (1995), pp. 22-34. ● MacErlean, John S.J., "Irish Jesuits in Foreign Missions from 1574 to 1773" in The Irish Jesuit Directory (Dublin) 1930, pp. 127-138. ● Marques Tapia, Ricardo, Tarqui, 1829 (Cuenca: Tipografía de la Universidad, 1929). ● Marquis, James, Merchant Adventurer: the Story of W.R. Grace (Wilmington: Scholarly Resources,1993). ● Mathewson, Kent, "St. Brendan's Mythical Isle and Toponymic Drift: From Iceland to Ecuador" in De Courcy Ireland, John and David C. Sheehy (eds.), Atlantic Visions (Dun Laoghaire:Boole Press, 1989), pp. 51-60. ● McEvoy, Gabriela, La experiencia invisible: inmigrantes irlandeses en el Perú (Lima: Fondo Editorial de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018). A ground-taking study of the Irish families and individuals who settled in Peru with varied fortunes. Interesting accounts of entrepreuners John Patrick Gallagher O’Connor and William Russell Grace. The author makes good use of untapped archival documents and unpublished emigrant letters. ● McGinn, Brian, "Love and War Complicate a19th Century Celebration: St. Patrick's Day in Peru" in Irish Roots 1 (1995), pp. 26-27. ● Mehegan, John, Bernardo O'Higgins of Chile (London: J.J. Bennett, 1913). ● Murray, Edmundo, "'Sr. Hutchinson, otravez, no dice V. nonsenses, no tonterrias': A Bigoted Response to Thomas J. Hutchinson's Two Years in Peru (1873)" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America, 4:4 (October2006), pp.230-236. ● O'Connor, Francisco Burdett, Un Irlandés con Bolivar: recuerdos de la independencia de América del Sur en Venezuela, Colombia, Bolivia, Perú y la Argentina, por un jefe de la Legión Británica de Bolívar Caracas (Caracas: El Cid Editor, 1977), 320 pp. First edition: Recuerdos (La Paz, 1916).
25 ● O'Connor,Paul, "The Irish Augustinians in Ecuador, 1977-1992" in Martin, Francis Xavier and Clare O'Reilly (eds.), The Irish Augustinians in Rome, 1656-1994 and Irish Augustinian missions throughout the world (Ballyboden, Dublin: Augustinian House of Studies, 1994), pp. 187-209. A Spanish translation, Los Agustinos Irlandeses en Chone, Ecuador 1977-1992. ● O'Phelan Godoy, Scarlett. "Una doble inserción: los irlandeses bajo los Borbones. del puerto de Cádiz al Perú" in O'Phelan Godoy, Scarlett and Carmen Salazar-Soler (eds.) Passeurs, mediadores culturales y agentes de la primera globalización en el mundo Ibérico, siglos XVI-XIX (Actes & mémoires del'Institut français d'études andines, 4 / Publicación del Instituto Riva-Agüero, 223) (Lima: Institut français d'études andines. IFEA - Pontificia universidad católica del Perú. PUCP, Instituto Riva-Agüero, 2005), pp. 411-439. ● Saez-Germain, Alejandro, "Siempre al frente. Los Lynch: casi mil años de historia" in Noticias (Buenos Aires) 20 March1994, pp. 44-51. Includes the story of rear admiral Patricio Lynch Zaldivar (1824-1886) of the Chilean naval forces. ● Sepúlveda, Alfredo, Bernardo: una biografía de Bernardo O'Higgins (Vergara Ediciones B Chile: Santiago, 2007). ● Sepúlveda, Alfredo, "Bernardo O'Higgins: The Rebel Son of a Viceroy" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America, 4:4 (October2006), pp.206-215. ● Sheen, Rosario, "The Irish in the Peruvian Andes" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America, 4:4 (October 2006), pp.245-250. ● Sloan, Mary, "Reminiscences of a retired missionary" in Irish Baptist Historical Society Journal 4 (1996-97), pp. 45-58. ● Tellez Yañez, Raúl, El General Juan MacKenna (Santiago: Francisco de Aguirre, 1976). ● Unknown, A Parish in Peru (1976), a documentary film produced by Radharc Films and aired by RTÉ on 24 June 1976. "A graphic film account of the work being done by priests and nuns of Cork Diocese in the shanty towns surrounding the city of Trujillo in Peru" (from Radharc website, cited 30 July 2007). ● Vicuña Mackenna, Benjamin, El general O'Brien (Santiago: Guillermo E. Miranda, 1902). Life of John Thomond O'Brien. ● Vicuña Mackenna, Benjamin, Vida del General D. Juan Mackenna (Santiago: G.E. Miranda, 1902). First ed. 1856. ● Vicuña Mackenna, Benjamin, Vida de O'Higgins. La corona del héroe (Santiago: Universidad de Chile, 1936). First ed.1882. ● Wright, Alberto Eduardo, Destellos de Gloria: Biografía sintética de un prócer de la independencia, incorporando las "Reminiscencias" del general de división don Tomás Carlos Wright (Buenos Aires, 1949). Biography of Thomas Charles Wright 1799-1868), officer in Simón Bolívar's army and founder of the Ecuadorian naval school.
Brazil
● Allendorfer, Frederic von, "An Irish regiment in Brazil (1826-1828)" in The Irish Sword 3:10 (summer 1957), pp. 18-31. ● Anonymous, Handbook for Emigrants to Brazil. Containing a collection [...] Brazilian Legislation that Most Particularly [sic] Interest Those Strangers Who Will Make Their Residence in Brazil, etc. (Rio de Janeiro: E. & H. Laemmert, 1865). ● Anonymous, Padre Joao is a Kerryman (1977), a documentary film produced by Radharc Films and aired by RTÉ on 28 October 1977. Duration: 26.38. 'Father Sean Myers, a Redemptorist missionary is at once priest, dentist, mechanic and guide to the 27,000 people living in a remote corner of the Brazilian interior. Although he is affectionately known as "Padre Joao" by his people, there are many that think his approach is outmoded' (from Radharc website, cited 30 July 2007). ● Araujo Neto, Miguel Alexandre de, British journalism in late 19th Century Brazil: the case of the Anglo-Brazilian Times (1865-1884), MA dissertation, Institute of Latin American Studies, University of London (London, 1992). ● Araujo Neto, Miguel Alexandre de, "Imagery and arguments pertaining to the issue of free immigration in the Anglo-Irish press in Rio de Janeiro" in The Brazilian Journal of Irish Studies (São Paulo) 5 (2003), pp. 111-127.
26 ● Araujo Neto, Miguel Alexandre de, "Great Britain, the Paraguayan War and Free Immigration in Brazil, 1862-1875" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 4:3 (July 2006). ● Basto, Fernando, Ex-Combatentes Irlandeses em Taperoa (Rio de Janeiro: Editôra Vozes, 1971). ● Bomba, Nicholas, "The Hibernian Amazon: A Struggle for Sovereignty in the Portuguese Court, 1643-1648" in Journal of Early Modern History 11:6 (2007), pp. 447-474. Drawing from Aubrey Gwynn's research of 1932 and the archival records of the Conselho Ultramarino of Portugal, the author tells the story of an Irish colony in the Amazon, as it was conceived, proposed, and debated in the court of the House of Bragança. ● Cantarino, Geraldo, Uma Ilha chamada Brasil: o Paraíso Irlandês no Passado Brasileiro (Rio de Janeiro: Mauad, 2004). Origins of the name Brazil in the Irish legend of Hy-Brassil. ● Comerford, Patrick, "From India to Brazil: Nicholas Comerford, A Seventeenth Century Kilkenny-born Cartographer" in Old Kilkenny Review: Journal of the Kilkenny Archaeological Society 51 (1999), pp. 92-102. Biography of Nicholas Comerford (1610-1665). ● De Andrade, Wilma Therezinha Fernandes. "Narcisa Emília: uma irlandesa na vida de José Bonifácio" in Leopoldianum (São Paulo: Universidade Católica de Santos), 81-82 (May- December 2004), pp. 11-28. Biography of Narcisa Emília O Learý de Andrade. ● Flecknoe, Richard. A relation of ten years travells in Europe, Asia, Affrique and America (London, 1654), 2nd. ed. 1657. The author, who was an Irish catholic priest, poet and adventurer, travelled from Lisbon to Brazil in 1648 and spent eight months from January to August 1649 in Pernambuco and Rio de Janeiro. This is regarded as the first book written by an English-speaking traveller to Brazil. ● Freyre, Gilberto, Ingleses (Rio de Janeiro: José Olympio, 1942). ● Freyre, Gilberto, Ingleses no Brasil: aspectos da influencia Britânica sobre a vida, a paisagem e a cultura do Brasil (Rio de Janeiro: José Olympio, 1948). ● Griggs, William Clark, The Elusive Eden: Frank McMullan's Confederate Colony in Brazil (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1987). ● Guenther, Louise, British Merchants in Nineteenth-Century Brazil: Business, Culture, and Identity in Bahia, 1808-1850 (Oxford: University of Oxford Centre for Brazilian Studies, 2004). ● Gwynn, Aubrey, "An Irish Settlement on the Amazon" in Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy (Dublin) 61-C:41 (July 1932), pp. 1-54. ● Gwynn, Aubrey, Father Thomas Field, S.J. (Dublin: The Irish Messenger, 1924). ● Gwynn, Aubrey, "The First Irish Priests in the New World" in Studies 21:82 (June 1932), pp. 213-228. ● Harris, James, "From the Putumayo to Connemara: Roger Casement's Amazon Voyage of Discovery" in ABEI Journal Vol. 4 (June 2002), pp. 131-138. ● Healy, Claire, "Carnaval do Galway: The Brazilian Community in Gort, 1999-2006" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 4:3 (July 2006). ● Horan, John, "Phil Lynott: Famous For Many Reasons" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America, 4:3 (July 2006). ● Inglis, Brian, Roger Casement: the biography of a patriot who lived for England, died for Ireland (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1973). Casement was British consul in Rio de Janeiro and in that position denounced the exploitation of Indian rubber workers in Peruvian Amazon. ● Ireland, John de Courcy, Ireland and the Irish in Maritime History (Dublin: Glendale Press, 1986). ● Izarra, Laura, Narrativas de la Diáspora Irlandesa bajo la Cruz del Sur (Buenos Aires: Corregidor, 2011). Literary representations of the Irish in Brazil and Argentina in 1865-1915. ● Izarra, Laura P.Z., "Reinventing Brazil: New Readings and Renewal in the Narratives of Irish Travellers" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 4:3 (July 2006). ● Lauth, Aloisius Carlos, A Colônia Príncipe Dom Pedro: um caso de política no Brasil Império (Brusque, 1987).
27 ● Lindsay-Bucknall, Hamilton. A Search for Fortune. The autobiography of a younger son (1878), translated into Portuguese by Ezio Pinto Monteiro. Um jovem irlandês no Brasil em 1874 (São Paulo & Rio de Janeiro: Livraria Hachette do Brasil, 1976). ● Lorimer, Joyce (ed.), English and Irish Settlements on the River Amazon 1550-1646 (London: The Hakluyt Society, 1990), xxvi, 499 ● Mac Cormaic, Ruadhán. "Faraway fields give Vila Gort new gloss" in The Irish Times (11 April 2007). Stories about South American immigration in Gore, county Galway, where almost forty per cent of the population is Brazilian. Jerry O'Callaghan, who worked in Brazil's meat business since the late 1970s, connected friends in Ireland with potential skilled workers from Anápolis in Brazil. The first went to Kepak in Clonee. In 1998 a group of twenty-five were sent to Dunboyne. After Kepak's strategy, Seán Duffy Meat Exports in Gort and others in Ireland started searching their workers in Anápolis. ● Marshall, Oliver, English, Irish and Irish-American Pioneer Settlers in Nineteenth- Century Brazil (Oxford: University of Oxford Centre for Brazilian Studies, 2005). The first book about English-speaking colonies in Brazil, Marshall's study analyses the origins and development of failed British and Irish settlements of Príncipe Dom Pedro, Espírito Santo, Colônia Cananéia and Colônia Assunguy in the 1860s and 1870s. The appendices include a list of immigrants. Review by Edmundo Murray in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 4:3 July 2006. ● Marshall, Oliver, Brazil in British and Irish Archives (Oxford: University of Oxford Centre for Brazilian Studies, 2002). ● Marshall, Oliver (ed.), "Petition to Pope Pius the Ninth" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 4:3 (July 2006). ● McGinn, Brian, "The Irish in Brazil" in Irish Roots (Cork) 22 (1997), pp. 25-26. ● McGinn, Brian, "Brazil, the Irish in" in Lalor, Brian (ed.) The Encyclopedia of Ireland (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003), p. 120. ● McGinn, Brian, "The Amazon Irish: New World Pioneers were Lured by Dreams of Riches, Freedom" in the Irish Echo (New York) 11-17 March 1992. ● Mello, José Antônio Gonsalves de, Ingleses em Pernambuco: História do Cemitério Britânico do Recife e da participação de ingleses e outros estrangeiros na vida e na cultura de Pernambuco, no período de 1813 a 1909 (Recife: Instituto Arqueológico, Histórico e Geográfico Pernambucano, 1972). ● Mitchell, Angus (ed.), "Roger Casement's Hy-Brassil: Irish origins of Brazil" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 4:3 (July 2006). ● Mulhall, Michael G., Rio Grande do Sul, and its German Colonies (London: Longman Green & Co., 1873). ● Mulhall, Michael G. and Edward T. Mulhall, Handbook of Brazil (Buenos Aires, Standard Office, 1877). ● Murphy, Hillary, "When Wexford farmers emigrated to Brazil" in Journal of the Irish Family History Society 2 (1986), pp. 41-43. ● Murray, Edmundo, "Brazil and Ireland" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 4:3 (July 2006). ● Mutran, Munira H. and Laura P.Z. Izarra (eds.), Irish Studies in Brazil (São Paulo: Humanitas, 2006). Review by Rosa Gonzalez in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 4:3 July 2006. ● O Maidin, Padraig, "An Irish Mutiny in Brazil and a betrayal" in the Cork Examiner 21 May 1981. ● O'Neill, Peter (ed.), Links between Brazil & Ireland 1998/99 Survey (Rio de Janeiro, 1999). [http: //www.gogobrazil.com] ● O'Neill, Peter, "Irish Literature in Brazil since 1888: Bibliographic details of works by or about Irish writers that have been translated into (Brazilian) Portuguese" in Links between Brazil & Ireland, website (http://www.gogobrazil.com/litpage.html), accessed 22 December 2005. ● O'Neil, Thomas. A vinda da família real portuguesa para o Brasil (Rio de Janeiro: José Olympio, Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro, 2007). Translated from the English original by Ruth Sylvia de Miranda Salles. Thomas O'Neil, second lieutenant at the British army, was appointed as a body guard of the Portuguese royal family during their journey from Portugal to Brazil in 1808.
28 ● O Reilly,́ Thomas. An Acre Sown - St. Patrick’s Missionary Society in Brazil (Dublin: Kiltegan Fathers, 2001). ● Ó Síocháin, Seamus, "Roger Casement, Ethnography and the Putumayo" in Eire- Ireland 29:2 (1994), pp. 29-41. ● Platt, D.C.M., "British Agricultural Colonization in Latin America" in Inter-American Economic Affairs (Washington, D.C.) 18:3 (1964), pp. 3-38. ● Quinn, David B., Ireland and America: Their Early Associations, 1500-1640 (Liverpool University Press, 1991). ● Scully, William, Brazil; Its Provinces and Chief Cities; the Manners and Customs of the People etc. (London: Murray & Co., 1866). ● Sullivan, Eileen A., Irish Mercenaries in 19th Century Brazil (Irish Educational Association, Gainsville FL). ● Vale, Brian, A War Betwixt Englishmen: Brazil Against Argentina On The River Plate, 1825-1830 (London: Tauris, 1999). There is a translation into Spanish by Instituto de Publicaciones Navales (Buenos Aires, 2005). The book chronicles the fight over control of the River Plate between the two countries, in a war that was the origin of Uruguay as an independent country. The author, who served as British Council representative in Latin America, conducted extensive research in British, Argentine and Brazilian archives. New perspectives on the Argentine navy's commander, William Brown, who according to the author achieved vast fame in this war but his exploits were counterbalanced by his weaknesses, especially his tendency to run unnecessary risks and his habit of constantly finding flaws in his staff. Many other Irish, British and Scottish fought in both sides of the war. A passage mentions Col. Cotter's recruitment efforts in Cork to fight for Brazil. ● Vale, Brian, "British sailors and the Brazilian Navy 1822-1850" in The Mariner's Mirror 80:3 (1994), pp. 312-325. ● Vale, Brian, "English and Irish Naval Officers in the War for Brazilian Independence" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 4:3 (July 2006). ● Walsh, Rev. R., Notices of Brazil in 1828 and 1829 (Boston: Richardson, Lord & Holbrook, 1831). Two vols.
Colombia, Venezuela
● Bancomo Borrios, Héctor, Campaña de Carabobo, 1821 (Caracas: Ministerio de Defensa, 1971). ● Barnwell, David, "William Duane and his 'Visit to Colombia'" of 1823 in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 4:2 (March 2006). ● Brown, Matthew, Adventuring through Spanish Colonies: Simón Bolívar, Foreign Mercenaries and the Birth of New Nations (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2006). Review by Karen Racine in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America, 5:3 (November 2007), pp. 249-250. ● Brown, Matthew, "Adventurers, foreign women and masculinity in the Colombian Wars of Independence" in Feminist Review 79:1 (March 2005), pp. 36-51. "This paper examines changing conceptions of honour and masculinity during the Colombian Wars of Independence in the early 19th century. It explores the position of the foreign women who accompanied British and Irish expeditions to join the war against Spanish rule, and shows how colonial, imperial and republican conceptions of masculinity were affected by the role that women played in these volunteer expeditions and in the wars in general. The paper considers women's experiences during war and peace, and examines their experiences in the light of changing conceptions of masculinity at home, in the British empire and in Hispanic America in the early nineteenth century. The social mobility of the Wars of Independence shifted the ground on which these concepts rested for all groups involved. The participation of foreign women alongside male adventurers was a further ingredient in this disorientating period" (from the abstract). ● Brown, Matthew, "Using Political Ephemera for the History of Hispanic America" in Political Archives (London: University of London, ICS and ISA, 2005). ● Brown, Matthew and Martín Alonso Roa, Militares extranjeros en la independencia de Colombia: nuevas perspectivas (Bogotá: Publicaciones del Museo Nacional, 2004).
29 ● Brown, Matthew, "Crusaders for Liberty or Vile Mercenaries? The Irish Legion in Colombia" in Migration Studies in Latin America 4:2 (March 2006). ● Duane, Willaim, A Visit to Colombia in the Years 1822 and 1823 (Philadelphia: T.H. Palmer, 1826). ● Echavarría, Enrique, "Extranjeros en Antioquía" in Progreso (Medellín) 38-39, August- September 1942. ● Echeverri M., Aquiles, Sangre Irlandesa en Antioquía: biografía del Doctor Hugo Blair Brown, Miembro de la 'Legión Británica' y Médico-Coronel de los Ejércitos Patriotas (Medellín: Academia Antioqueña de Historia, 1972). ● García Estrada, Rodrigo de J., "Extranjeros en Medellín" in Boletín Cultural y Bibliográfico de la Biblioteca Luis Angel Arango, Banco de la República, 34:44 (1997). Website (http://www.banrep.gov.co/blaavirtual/boleti1/bol44/), accessed 12 October 2005. ● Ferguson, William Owens, "Journal From Lima to Caracas, Commencing Sept. 4, 1826" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 4:2 (March 2006). ● Flick, Lawrence F. "Mathias James O'Conway, Philologist, Lexicographer and Interpreter of Languages, 1766-1842" in Records of the American Catholic Historical Society of Philadelphia 10:3 (September 1899), pp. 257-299; 10:4 (December 1899), pp.385-422; 11:1 (March 1900), pp. 9-32; Vol. 11:2 (June 1900), pp.156-177. ● Hall, Francis, Colombia: its Present State, in Respect of Climate, Soil, Productions, Population, Government, Commerce, Revenue, Manufuctures, Arts, Literature, Manners, Education, and Inducements to Emigration (London: Baldwin, Cradock & Joy, 1827). ● Hall, Francis, Letters written from Colombia, being a journey from Caracas to Bogota, and thence to Santa Martha in 1823 (London: G. Cowie & Co., 1824). ● Henao, Januario, "El Dr. Hugo Blair" in Repertorio Histórico (Medellín) 4 (July 1905). ● Harker Puyana, Edmundo, Bucaramanga y los Puyana (Bucaramanga: Cámara de Comercio, 1984). ● Hasbrouck, Alfred J., Foreign Legionaries in the Liberation of Spanish South America (New York: Columbia University Press, 1928). Reprint New York: Octagon, 1969. ● Hooker, Terry and Ron Poulter, The Armies of Bolivar and San Martin (London: Osprey, 1991). ● Lambert, Eric, "General O'Leary and South America" in The Irish Sword 11:43 (winter 1973), pp. 57-74. ● Lambert, Eric, "Irish soldiers in South America, 1818-1830" in The Irish Sword 16:62 (summer 1984), pp. 22-35. ● Lambert, Eric, Voluntarios Británicos e Irlandeses en la Gesta Bolivariana (Caracas: Corporación Venezolana de Guayana, 1981-1993). Three volumes, translated by Teodosio Leal. The manuscript in English remains unpublished. ● Lambert, Eric T.D., Carabobo, 24 June 1821: some accounts written in English (Caracas: Fundación John Boulton, 1974). ● Lambert, Eric and F. Glenn Thompson, "Captain Morgan O'Connell of the Hussar Guards of the Irish Legion" in The Irish Sword 13:53 (winter 1979), pp. 281-282. ● Lambert, Eric T.D., "Arthur Sandes of Kerry" in The Irish Sword 12 (1976), pp. 139- 146. ● Maddicks, Russell. "British academic sheds light on foreign volunteers", interview with Dr. Matthew Brown in The Daily Journal (Caracas), available online (http:// www.thedailyjournalonline.com/), cited 7 July 2007. ● McGee, Thomas D'Arcy, A History of The Irish Settlers in North America. From the Earliest Period to the Census of 1850 (Boston: Office of the "American Celt", 1851). Covers the Irish Legion in Gran Colombia's independence army. ● McGinn, Brian, "Venezuela's Irish Legacy" in Irish America (New York) November 1991, pp. 34-37. ● Murray, Edmundo, "The Irish in Colombia" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 4:2 (March 2006). ● Murray, Edmundo, "Explosive Journey: Perceptions of Latin America in the FARC- IRA Affair (2001-2005)" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 4:2 (March 2006). ● Naranjo Martínez, Enrique, Irish Participation in Bolivar's Campaigns (Washington, 1927).
30 ● O'Connell, Maurice R. (ed.), The Correspondence of Daniel O'Connell, 1815-1823 (Dublin: Irish University Press, 1973). Vol. 2 includes correspondence with J. Devereux. ● O'Leary, Peter. "General Daniel Florence O'Leary" in Journal of Ballingeary Cumman Staire (Ballingeary, Co. Cork), 2001, online edition. ● O'Leary, Michael, "A Rebel Abroad" in Holly Bough (Cork), Christmas 2006, p. 86. ● O'Leary, Simon Bolivar (ed.), Memorias del General O'Leary publicados por su hijo Simon B. O'Leary, por orden del Gobierno de Venezuela (Caracas, 1879-1888). Thirty-two volumes. ● Perez Vila, Manuel, Vida de Daniel Florencio O'Leary: Primer Edecán del Libertador (Caracas: Imprenta Nacional, 1957). ● Rodríguez, Moisés Enrique. Freedom's Mercenaries: British Volunteers in the Wars of Independence of Latin America (Lanham MD: University Press of America, 2006). Paperback. Volume I: Northern South America, 426 pages. Volume II: Southern South America, 524 pages. Review by Karen Racine in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America, 4:4 (October 2006), pp.260-261. ● Tierney, Martin, "William Aylmer, 1772-1820" in The Irish Sword 6:23 (winter, 1963), pp. 103-107. ● Walsh, Edward, "Glimpses of the Irish in Nineteenth-Century Bogotá" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 4:2 (March 2006). ● Williams, W.J., “Bolivar and his Irish Legionaires” in Studies (Dublin) 18 (December 1929), pp. 619-632.
Mexico and Hispanic North America
● Adams, Richard. Ollin: San Patricios, a radio interview to Vincent Valdez and brothers Randy and Scott Rodarte, members of the musical band "Ollin" in Los Angeles, and authors of the album San Patricios. Sound and text available online (http://www.theworld.org/? q=taxonomy_by_date/2/20070316), accessed 19 March 2007. ● Alcaraz, Ramón (ed.), Apuntes para la historia de la guerra entre México y los Estados Unidos (México: M. Pyno, 1848). Translated and edited by Albert C. Ramsey, The Other Side: Notes for the History of the War Between Mexico and the United Sates (New York: J. Wiley, 1850). ● Anonymous, “O'Reilly, Juan: San Patricio (Batallón de)” in Diccionario Porrúa de historia, biografía y geografía de México (Mexico: Editorial Porrúa, 1986). ● Backal, Alicia G. de. La Inquisición en Nueva España vista a través de los ojos de un procesado: Guillén de Lampart, siglo XVII (Mexico: Comunidad Ashkenazi de México, 2000). Cuadernos de investigación: 9. ● Baker, B. Kimball, "The Saint Patricks Fought for their Skins and Mexico" in Smithsonian 8 (1978), pp. 94-101. ● Barnwell, David, Maitias O Conmhai, Teangeolai: 1766-42, School of Celtic Studies (Dublin, 2002). ● Bustamante Olguín, Fabián Gaspar, "Sources: Bernardo O’Higgins’ Plans - The Arrival of Irish Immigrants in Mexico" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America, 5:1 (March 2007). ● Callaghan, James, "The San Patricios" in American Heritage 46 (1995), pp. 68-70 and 73-81. ● Chamberlain, Samuel E., My Confession (New York: Harper, 1956). pp. 226-228. ● Clark, Dennis, Hibernia America: The Irish and Regional Cultures (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1986), pp. 167-173. Chapter 10 ("Cactus Celts - The Southweast") is dedicated to the Irish presence in New Mexico, Arizona, Texas and Nevada, from the military and religious missions of Col. Hugo O'Conor and Fr. Pedro Alonso O'Crouley y O'Donnell in the 1770s, to the roles of Irish-American artists, businessmen and bureaucrats in the twentieth century. ● Connaughton, Michael G., "Beneath an Emerald Green Flag: The Story of Irish Soldiers in Mexico" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America September-October 2005. ● Cox, Patricia, Batallón de San Patricio (Mexico: Editorial Stylo, 1954). ● Crewe, Ryan Dominic, "Lamport, William [Guillén Lombardo] (1610-1659)" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 5:1 (March 2007), pp. 74-76.
31 ● Cutter, Donald C. (ed.), The Defenses of Northern New Spain: Hugo O'Conor's report to Teodoro de Croix, July 22, 1777 (Dallas, Texas: DeGolyer Library and Southern Methodist University Press, 1994). ● Davis, Graham, Land! Irish Pioneers in Mexican and Revolutionary Texas (Texas A&M University Press, 2002). The Irish settlers in San Patricio and Refugio colonies are studied here with a new perspective. Instead of packing their intentions with the ideological or religious reasons typical of oppression and contribution discourses, Professor Davis of Bath University analyses land hunger in pre-Famine Ireland in relation with the "cheap and abundant land" in Southeast Texas before and during the US-Mexican War. The role of Irish empresarios – who obtained land contracts from the Mexican government – is thoroughly analysed by the author. Of particular interest to students of the Irish in Latin America is the cultural transference from Mexican agricultural and cattle practises to the new settlers. ● Davis, Graham, "Talking Freedom: The Irish in the Texas Revolution" in Irish Studies Review 8 (autumn 1994). ● Davis, Graham, "Models of migration: the Historiography of the Irish Pioneers in South Texas" in Southwestern Historical Quarterly 99:3 (1996), pp. 326-348. ● Day, Mark R., The San Patricios (documentary). Marketing notice available online: www.dayproductions.com/theSanPatricios.html (cited 22 August 2005). ● De Ita Rubio, Lourdes. Viajeros Isabelinos en la Nueva España (Mexico: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2001). Includes British and Irish travelers in Mexico. ● Deane, Ciaran, "Martin, John 'Cornelius the Irishman' (c. 1549-1575)" in Brian Lalor (ed.), The Encyclopedia of Ireland (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003), p. 698. ● Downey, Fairfax, "Tragic Story of the San Patricio Battalion" in American Heritage 6 (1955), pp. 20-23. ● Dunleavy, Harry, "The Irish in New Orleans" in Irish America (May June 1994), pp. 44-50. ● Dunleavy, Harry, "The Irish in Texas: Irish Settlers and their Contribution in the Formation and Development of the Lone Star State" in Irish America (January February 1998), pp. 34-39. ● Dunne, Peter Masten, Pioneer Jesuits in Northern Mexico (Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1944; Greenwich, CT: Greenwood Press, reprint 1979). ● Federman, Stan, "Battalion of the Damned" in Army 29 (July 1979), pp. 41-46. ● Finke, Detmar H., "Organization and Uniforms of the San Patricio Units of the Mexican Army, 1846-1848" in Military Collection and History 9 (Summer 1957), pp. 36-38. ● Flannery, John Brendan, The Irish Texans (San Antonio: University of Texas Institute of Texan Cultures, 1995). ● Flick, Lawrence F. "Mathias James O'Conway, Philologist, Lexicographer and Interpreter of Languages, 1766-1842" in Records of the American Catholic Historical Society of Philadelphia 10:3 (September 1899), pp. 257-299; 10:4 (December 1899), pp.385-422; 11:1 (March 1900), pp. 9-32; Vol. 11:2 (June 1900), pp.156-177. ● Fogarty, Jaime (Séamus O'Fógartaigh), "Ireland and Mexico" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America, 5:1 (March 2007). ● Fogarty, Jaime (Séamus O'Fógartaigh), "Hiberno-Mexican Historical Links" in Irish Roots, N° 58 (2006 Second Quarter). ● Fogarty, Jaime (Séamus O'Fógartaigh), "The Man Behind the Mask of Zorro" in Irish Roots, N° 54 (2005 Second Quarter). ● Fogarty, Jaime (Séamus O'Fógartaigh), "The Irish Empresarios of Mexico" in The News (Mexico D.F.), 16 March 2000. ● Fogarty, Jaime (Séamus O'Fógartaigh), "The St. Patricio Battalion: The Irish Soldiers of Mexico" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America September-October 2005. ● Fogarty, Jaime (Séamus O'Fógartaigh), "The San Patricios: A Footnote in the US- Mexican War of 1846" in Irish Roots (2005 Number 3), pp. 22-23. ● Fox, John, Macnamara’s Irish Colony and the United States Taking of California in 1846 (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2000). "In 1844, Eugene Macnamara, an Irish priest with a shadowy history, began promoting his plan to create an Irish colony in California. With the first of the Potato Famines a year later, many Irish farmers had to seek a new life, and California seemed to be the answer. In both Washington and Mexico, Macnamara and his plan were viewed as suspicious, even dangerous, yet once the U.S. war with Mexico gained
32 California for the United States, the priest and his plan were largely forgotten." (from the publisher's website: http://www.mcfarlandpub.com, cited 31 August 2005). ● Galvin, Sean (ed.), A Description of the Kingdom of New Spain by Pedro Alonso O'Crouley y O'Donnell (San Francisco: John Howell Publishers, 1972). ● Glover, Winifred, "Mexican 'axe-money' in Ireland - the Spanish connection" in Archaeology Ireland 4:4 (1990), pp. 15-17. ● Goggins, Patrick, "Contemporary Irish Mexican Gatherings and Forays in California: The Irish Mexican Association, 1994-2007" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America, 5:1 (March 2007). ● Griffin, William D., "The Other Irish Americans" in The Book of Irish Americans (New York: Random House/Times Books, 1990), pp. 95-96. Also, "The San Patricio Deserters in the Mexican War, 1847", pp. 82-83. ● Gwynn, Aubrey S.J., "The First Irish Priests in the New World" in Studies (Dublin) 21:82 (June 1932), pp. 213-228. ● Hair, P.E.H., "An Irishman before the Mexican Inquisition, 1574-5" in Irish Historical Studies 17:67 (March 1971), pp. 297-319. "John Martin the Irishman was described by one of his shipmates as the unluckiest man in the English fleet." Based on inquisition transcripts and translations in the Mexican national archives, the author explores the problems of national identity behind the trial in Mexico of John Martin of Cork. ● Harris, Mary N. "Irish Images of Religious Conflict in Mexico in the 1920s" in Mary N. Harris (ed.) Sights and Insights: Interactive Images of Europe and the Wider World (Pisa: PLUS, 2007) pp. 205-226. This article opens a discussion on a subject not traditionally studied by other researchers on Ireland-Mexico relations, that is the Irish perceptions of the events that led to the Cristero Rebellion in Mexico. Sources include the Catholic and Protestant press and journals in the Republic and Northern Ireland, the Catholic press in the U.S., as well as Seanad Éireann debates and the writings of war correspondents, among them Francis McCullagh. ● Healy, Claire, "Interview: The Musical Migration of Rodrigo y Gabriela" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America, 5:1 (March 2007). ● Heath, Hilarie J., "British Merchants in Mexico, 1821-1860" in Hispanic American Historical Review 73:2 (1993), pp. 278-280, 287-287. ● Hebert, Rachel Bluntzer, The Forgotten Colony, San Patricio de Hibernia: the history, the people, and the legends of the Irish colony of McMullen-McGloin (Burnet, Texas: Eakin Press, 1981). ● Hogan, Michael, The Irish Soldiers of Mexico (Mexico: Fondo Editorial Universitario, 1997). ● Holmes, Jack D.L. "Some Irish officers in Spanish Louisiana" in The Irish Sword, 6 (1964), pp. 234-247. ● Hool, Lance, One Man's Heroe (film, 1999). Titled as El Batallón de San Patricio in Mexico, and Héroes sin patria in Spain. MGM/UA Studios, 122 minutes, featuring Tom Berenger and Daniela Romo. See review by Mark Day available online: www.vivasancarlos.com/movie.html (cited 22 August 2005). ● Hopkins, G. T., "The San Patricio Battalion in the Mexican War" in Journal of the U.S. Cavalry Association 24 (September 1913), pp. 279-284. ● Johnston, Henry McKenzie, Missions to Mexico: A Tale of British Diplomacy in the 1820s (London: British Academic Press, 1992). Covers the O'Gorman family of Mexico and Ireland. ● Joyal, Achille, “La validité générale d'une hypothèse : Origines européennes des cultures nahuatl au Mexique pré-colonial, VIe et VIIe siècles” in Byrne, Cyril J. et al. (eds.), Celtic languages and Celtic peoples: proceedings of the Second North American Congress of Celtic Studies (Halifax NS: St. Mary's University Press, 1992), pp. 83-100. ● Konove, Andrew Philip. The Devil and the Irish King: Don Guillén Lombardo, the Inquisition and the Politics of Dissent in Colonial Mexico City (Senior Thesis: Haverford College, 2004). ● Krueger, Karl, Saint Patrick's Battalion (New York: Popular Library, 1962). ● Lavelle, Rory, "John Reilly and the San Patricios" in ≥Connemara 2:1 (1995), pp. 14-27. ● Leahy, Dan, "Reviving the Saint Patrick's Battalion" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America, 5:1 (March 2007). Includes "The Saint Patrick's Battalion", a song by David Rovics.
33 ● Linehan, John C., "The Irish Pioneers of Texas" in American-Irish Historical Society Journal (1899). ● Mahoney, Thomas, "Fifty Hanged and Eleven Branded: The Story of the San Patricio Battalion" in Southwest Review 32 (1947), pp. 373-377. ● McCornack, Richard Blaine, "The San Patricio Deserters in the Mexican War, 1847" in The Irish Sword 3 (Winter 1958), pp. 246-255. ● McGinn, Brian, "Mexico, the Irish in" in Brian Lalor (ed.), The Encyclopedia of Ireland (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003), p. 721. ● McGinn, Brian, The San Patricios: An Historical Perspective, Lecture delivered before the Washington, D.C. branch of Conradh na Gaeilge. ● McLaughlin, Mark G., The Wild Geese: The Irish Brigades of France and Spain (London: Osprey, 1980). ● Méndez Plancarte, Gabriel. Don Guillén de Lámport y su "Regio Salterio". Manuscrito latino inédito de 1655 (Mexico: Ábside, 1948). With introductory essay, selection, translation and notes. ● Meza González, Francisco Javier. Vida y tiempos de Don Guillén de Lampart (según sus procesos que se encuentran en el AGN de México y en el AHN de Madrid) (History PhD dissertation, UNAM, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, 1996). ● Michaelsen, David, "San Patricios, los (Battalion of St. Patrick)" in Brian Lalor (ed.), The Encyclopedia of Ireland (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003), p. 962. ● Miller, Robert Ryal, Shamrock and Sword: The Saint Patrick's Battalion in the U.S.- Mexican War (Norman, Oklahoma: University Press of Oklahoma Press, 1989). ● Murphy, W.S., "An Irish Regiment in Mexico, 1768-1771" in The Irish Sword (Dublin) 2:8 (Summer 1956), pp. 257-263. Members of Ultonia Irish regiment of the Spanish army arrived in Mexico on 18 June 1768 as a part of Charles III's strategy to protect that country from a possible British invasion. Most of the officers were Irish or had Irish family names. The regiment returned to Spain in 1771. Short biographies of Colonel Marcos Keating, Cadet Carlos Connely, Captain Lucas Treby (Tracy), Captain Patricio O'Heir, Captain Diego Barry, and Captain Diego Quinn. ● Murray, Edmundo, "Sources: Address by the President of Ireland Mary McAleese to the Senate of Mexico (6 April 1999)" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America, 5:1 (March 2007). ● Murray, Edmundo, "Irish-Mexican Brothers: Edmundo and Juan O'Gorman" in Jim Byrne, Philip Coleman and Jason King (eds.), Ireland and the Americas: Culture, Politics and History (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2006). ● Nelson, E. Charles and Alan Probert, A man who can speak of plants: Dr. Thomas Coulter (1793-1843) of Dundalk in Ireland, Mexico and Alta California (Dublin: E. Charles Nelson, 1994). viii, 181 p. Biography of the botanist and founder of Trinity College Dublin's herbarium. ● Oberste, William H., Texas Irish Empresarios and Their Colonies: Power and Heweston, McMullen and McGloin. Refugio-San Patricio (Austin: Von Boeckmann- Jones, 1953). ● O'Crouley y O'Donnell, Pedro Alonso, A Description of the Kingdom of New Spain, ed. Sean Galvin (San Francisco: John Howell Publishers, 1972). ● O'Fógartaigh, Séamus, Liberation and Development: A Latin American Perspective (Minerva Press, 1998). ● Portela, Iván, "Saint Patrick pray, pray for all of us, pray for me" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America, 5:1 (March 2007). A poem. ● Phillips, Tony, "Mexico and Neocolonialism: an Irish perspective" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America, 5:1 (March 2007). ● Power, Wally, "The Enigma of the San Patricios" in An Cosantoir (Irish Ministry of Defence), 21 (1971), pp. 7-12. ● Quinn, David B., Ireland and America: Their Early Associations, 1500-1640 (Liverpool University Press, 1991), pp. 11-16. ● Quintana García, José Antonio, "John Dynamite: The Adventures of a Filibuster" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America, 5:1 (March 2007). ● Riva Palacio, Vicente. Memorias de un impostor, Don Guillén de Lampart, rey de México (Mexico: Editorial Porrúa, 1946). Historical fiction edited and introduced by Antonio Castro Leal.
34 ● Roche, Richard, The Texas Connection: The Story of the Wexford Colony in Refugio (Wexford, Texas: County Heritage Committee, 1989). ● Ronan, Gerard, The Irish Zorro: The Extraordinary Adventures of William Lamport (1615-1659) (Dublin: Brandon, 2004). ● Ronan, Gerard, "Zorro of Wexford?" in The Past 22 (2000), pp. 3-50. ● Rowe, Olwen, "Review of Iván Alejandro Portela Bonachea's 'Cantos de Tir na n-Og' in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America, 6:1 (March 2007), pp. 93-96. ● Ryan, William, Shamrock and Cactus; the Story of the Catholic Heroes of Texas Independence (San Antonio & Houston: Southern Literary Institute, 1936). ● Silva Prada, Natalia. "'Placer y dolor en la escritura de reclamo político: cartas, pasquines y otras especies novohispanas del siglo XVII" in Lillian von der Walde et al. (eds.), "Injerto peregrino de grandezas admirables" in Estudios de literatura y cultura española e hispanoamericana (siglos XVI al XVIII) (México: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, 2007), pp.683-716. William Lamport's writings are a source for ideological and semantic analysis of discourse in seventeenth-century New Spain. The author used untapped documents and a skilful contextualisation of the sources. ● Stevens, Peter F., The Rogue's March: John Riley and the St. Patrick's Battalion (Washington D.C.: Brassey's, 1999). General account of the defection of John Riley and his companions, with strong ideological influence of the assumed British and US American oppression of the Irish immigrants for ethnic and religious reasons. Includes an appendix with the names of St. Patrick's Battalion members, and an extensive bibliography. ● Stevens, Peter F., "The Proving Ground" in American History Illustrated 3 (February- March 1988), pp. 38-44. ● Stinson, Byron, "They Went Over to the Enemy" in American History Illustrated 3 (1968), pp. 30-36. ● Sullivan, Eileen, "Irish military men serving Spain in North America in the 18th and 19th centuries" in The Irish Sword 21:86 (1999), pp. 387-392. ● Sweeny, William M., "The Irish Soldiers in the War with Mexico" in American Irish Historical Society 26 (1927), pp. 255-259. ● Troncarelli, Fabio, La spada e la croce: Guillén Lombardo e l'Inquisizione in Messico (Roma: Salerno Editrice, 1999). Bibliography of William Lamport (1611- 1659). ● Troncarelli, Fabio, "The Man Behind the Mask of Zorro: William Lamport of Wexford" in History Ireland (Autumn 2001), pp. 22-25. ● Vela, David, "Irish Mexican, Latino Irlandés: Fountains of Literary Invention" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America, 5:1 (March 2007). ● Vincent, John, "San Patricios: The Irishmen who died for Mexico" in Irish Roots 1 (1993), pp. 6-7. ● Wallace, Edward S., "The Battalion of Saint Patrick in the Mexican War" in Military Affairs 14 (Summer 1950), pp. 84-91. ● Warburton, Sister Margaret Rose, A History of the Thomas O'Connor Ranch, Ph.D. dissertation, Catholic University of America (San Antonio, 1939). ● Wynn, Dennis J., "The San Patricio Soldiers: Mexico's Foreign Legion" in Southwestern Studies, Monography 74 (El Paso: Texas Western Press, 1984).
Paraguay, Uruguay
● Baptista, Francisco, Elysa Lynch, mujer de mundo y de guerra (Buenos Aires: Emecé, 1987). ● Barreiro Saguier, Rubén and Carlos Villagra Marsal (eds.), Poésie paraguayenne du XXe siècle: édition trilingue en espagnol, français et guarani (Geneva: Patiño, 2003). Includes poems of Juan O'Leary. ● Barrett, William, Una Amazona (Asunción: Servilibro, 2003). ● Bedson, Derek, "Butlers in South America" in Journal of The Butler Society (Suffolk) 3:2 (1988-1989), pp. 197-201. Includes Butlers from Argentina and Uruguay. ● Brodsky, Alyn, Madame Lynch and Friend: the True Account of an Irish Adventuress and the Dictator of Paraguay who Destroyed that American Nation (New York: Harper & Row, 1975).
35 ● Caillabet, Carlos, "O'Neill Cuestas, Fernando [Zapicán] (1924-2005), revolutionary and historian of anarchism in Uruguay" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 4:1 (January- February 2006). ● Caraman, Philip, The Lost Paradise: an account of the Jesuits in Paraguay, 1607- 1768 (London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1975). ● Cawthorne, Nigel, The Empress of South America (London: Heinemann, 2003). Just another fictionalised biography of Eliza Lynch with rambling chronology and unsupported claims. Racist remarks can be read about Paraguayans and Latin Americans in general, as well as attributing the failure of Francisco Solano López and his lover to the fact that they were Latin American and Irish respectively. ● Deane Reddy, Teresa. "La Maga y los McGill en Paraguay" in The Southern Cross 131: 5919 (December 2006), p. 9. Interview with María Magdalena [Maga] Gill and Juan Andrés Gill, who descend from John Thomas [El inglés] McGill. John T. McGill emigrated with his brothers James, who settled in Montreal, and another brother who went to Uruguay. The Paraguayan branch changed their family name from McGill to Gill when dictator Dr. Francia decreed that prefixes in foreign names should not be used anymore. Juan Bautista Gill was appointed president of the country in 1874. ● Díaz, Virginia. "De extra, pero en Irlanda" in El País Digital (Montevideo), 4 December 2006. "'¿Otro uruguayo más en Dublín? ¿A qué vienen tanto?', le preguntó a Mario Durán la funcionaria de migraciones sorprendida al ver el pasaporte del joven.' A rare article about present-day Uruguayan immigrants in Dublin and other Irish cities. ● Enright, Anne, The Pleasure of Eliza Lynch (London: Jonathan Cape, 2002). Another historical fiction, this time with emphasis on Mme. Lynch's feminine sexuality. ● FitzGerald Ryan, Hugh, "The Development of Rugby in the River Plate Region: Irish Influences" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 6:1 (March 2008), pp. 29-37. ● Furlong, Guillermo S.J., Misiones y sus pueblos de Guaranies, 1610-1813 (Buenos Aires, 1962). ● Furlong, Guillermo S.J., Tomas Fields, S.J., y su 'Carta al preposito general, 1601' (Buenos Aires, 1971). ● Graham-Yooll, Andrew, Imperial Skirmishes: War and Gunboat Diplomacy in Latin America (New York: Interlink, 2002). Includes the Guerra Guazú, or War of the Triple Alliance of Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay against Solano López's Paraguay (1865- 1870). ● Gwynn, Aubrey S.J., Father Thomas Field, S.J. (Dublin: Irish Messenger, 1924). ● Gwynn, Aubrey S.J., "The First Irish Priests in the New World" in Studies (Dublin) 21:82 (June 1932), pp. 213-228. ● Hutchinson, Thomas Joseph, The Parana; with incidents of the Paraguayan War, and South American recollections, from 1861 to 1868 (London: Edward Stanford, 1868). ● Lillis, Michael, Eliza Lynch: Queen of Paraguay (Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, 2014). "This is a unique love story, chronicling a romance that endured a desperate turn of fortunes, taking them from a life of royalty to a life on the run, and culminating with the now iconic image of Lynch burying both López and their eldest son in a shallow grave with her bare hands after they had been killed by Brazilian troops. Dubbed ‘The Irish Evita’, Eliza Lynch (born in Charleville, County Cork) was the most famous woman in all of South America in the nineteenth century" (from the publisher's online catalogue). Lillis, an Irish diplomat with republican background and well-known contributor to The Irish Times, reproduces many of the romantic views of Eliza Lynch. ● MacErlean, John S.J., "Irish Jesuits in Foreign Missions from 1574 to 1773" in Irish Jesuit Directory (Dublin), 1930, pp. 127-138. ● Mulhall, Marion MacMurrough, Between the Amazon and the Andes; or, Ten years of a Lady's Travels in the Pampas, Gran Chaco, Paraguay and Matto Grosso (London: Edward Stanford, 1881). ● Mulhall, Marion MacMurrough, Explorers in the New World before and after Columbus and the story of the Jesuit missions of Paraguay (London: Longmans Green, 1909). ● Mulhall, Michael George and Edward Thomas Mulhall, Handbook of the River Plate; comprising Buenos Ayres, the Upper Provinces, Banda Oriental, and Paraguay (Buenos Aires: Standard Printing Office, Seven editions 1863-1892). Editions 2th. to 6th. include the description of Paraguayan geography and economy.
36 ● Murray, Edmundo, "Beauty and the Beast: A Beautiful Irish Courtesan and a Beastly Latin American Dictator" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 4:1 (January-February 2006). ● Murray, Edmundo, "Campbell, Peter (1780-c1832), naval officer and founder of the Uruguayan navy" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 4:1 (January-February 2006). ● Murray, Edmundo, "Gore, Robert (1810-1854), naval officer and diplomatist" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 4:1 (January-February 2006). ● Murray, Edmundo, "Lynch, Eliza (1835-1886), courtesan and unofficial first Lady of Paraguay" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 4:1 (January-February 2006). ● Murray, Edmundo, "O'Leary, Juan Emiliano (1879-1969), poet and historian" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 4:1 (January-February 2006). ● Murray, Edmundo, "The Irish in Uruguay and Paraguay" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 4:1 (January-February 2006). ● O'Brien Tajes, Rosita, Conrad C. O'Neill and Ronald O'Neill. "Los O'Brien y los O'Neill en el Uruguay" in Revista del Instituto de Estudios Genealógicos del Uruguay (Montevideo), N° 24, May 2001, pp. 151-183. ● O'Leary, Juan E., El Mariscal Solano López (Asunción, 1920). ● O'Neill Malcolm, Conrad, "Fabián O'Neill, football player" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 6:1 (March 2008), pp. 83 ● Pyne, Peter, The Invasions of Buenos Aires, 1806-1807: The Irish Dimension (University of Liverpool Institute of Latin American Studies, Research Paper N° 20, 1996). Includes a chapter on Peter Campbell, founder of Uruguay's first naval force. ● Rees, Siân, The Shadows of Elisa Lynch: How a Nineteenth-Century Irish Courtesan Became the Most Powerful Woman in Paraguay (London: Hodder Headline, 2003). ● Robertson, J.P. and W.P., Letters on South America, Comprising Travels on the Banks of the Paraná and Río de la Plata (London: Murray, 1843). Including an account of Peter Campbell in Uruguay and Entre Ríos. ● Ryan, Hugh Fitzgerald, In the Shadow of the Ombú Tree (Dublin: Chaos Press, 2005). A fictional novel in which the author "tells the story of his great grandmother and the South American town that bears her name. A story of young love in a new country, far from the families they never said goodbye to, striving to build a future for their children in a land torn apart by civil war, and haunted by memories of the native Charrúa tribe" (from the publisher's announcement). Review by Edmundo Murray in Estudios Irlandeses 1 (2006). ● Vale, Brian, A War Betwixt Englishmen: Brazil Against Argentina On The River Plate, 1825-1830 (London: Tauris, 1999). There is a translation into Spanish by Instituto de Publicaciones Navales (Buenos Aires, 2005). The book chronicles the fight over control of the River Plate between the two countries, in a war that was the origin of Uruguay as an independent country. The author, who served as British Council representative in Latin America, conducted extensive research in British, Argentine and Brazilian archives. New perspectives on the Argentine navy's commander, William Brown, who according to the author achieved vast fame in this war but his exploits were counterbalanced by his weaknesses, especially his tendency to run unnecessary risks and his habit of constantly finding flaws in his staff. Many other Irish, British and Scottish fought in both sides of the war. A passage mentions Col. Cotter's recruitment efforts in Cork to fight for Brazil. ● Velilla, Benjamín, "Parentesco de Bernardo O'Higgins con los Yegro del Paraguay" in Anuario del Instituto Paraguayo de Investigaciones Históricas Vols. 6, 7 (1962). The online version includes an interview with Ms. Candida O'Higgins in Última Hora newspaper (Asunción), 6 February 1985, website: http://usuarios.lycos.es/fulgencioyegros/ parentesco.html (cited 6 February 2007). ● Williams, John Hoyt, The Rise and Fall of the Paraguayan Republic, 1800-1870 (Austin, Texas: Institute of Latin American Studies, 1979). One of the best historical accounts of the Guerra Guazú, with the roles of British and Irish administrators employed by Solano López, his lover Madame Lynch, and the US representative, the Irish-American Gral. M.T. McMahon. A final chapter includes the historiographical transformation of Solano López's and Eliza Lynch's biographies developed by historian-poet Juan O'Leary in the early twentieth century.
37 ● Wolf, Lustig, Chácore purahéi – Canciones de guerra: Literatura popular en guaraní e identidad nacional en el Paraguay (Mainz, 2005). Role of Juan O'Leary in Guaraní literary revival. ● Young, Henry Lyon, Eliza Lynch: Regent of Paraguay (London: Anthony Blond, 1966).
Portugal, Spain (colonial empires)
● Altuna-García de Salazar, Asier. "Spain in Irish Literature 1789-1850: An Approach to a Minor Representation" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 5:2 (July 2007), pp. 96-101. ● Amalric, Jean-Pierre. "La elección de un bando: hugonotes y jacobitas en la Guerra de Sucesión de España" in Manuscripts: Revista d'historia moderna, 19 (2001), pp. 59-79. ● Arnaiz, Maria José and J. Luis Sancho, El Colegio de los Irlandeses (Madrid, 1985). ● Ballester y Sastre, Eusebio, Irlandeses en la historia de España, de Francia, de las Dos Sicilias, de Austria, de Rusia (Madrid: Hidalguía, 1990). ● Bell, Dominic, Irish Aspects of the Spanish Civil War (Belftast: University of Ulster, 1998). ● Bjork, David K, "Alexander O'Reilly and the Spanish Occupation of Louisiana, 1769- 1770" in Hammond, George P. (ed.), New Spain and the Anglo-American West (Los Angeles: author's edition, 1932), 1: 165-182. ● Berresford Ellis, Peter, "Olé - Ulster's Oldest Regiment is Spanish" in Irish Abroad: http:// www.irishabroad.com/news/irishpost/featurearticles/olespain.asp (cited on 17 February 2006). ● Boyle, Patrick, "Irish Colleges on the Continent" in the Catholic Encyclopedia (New York: Robert Appleton, 1907-12). Includes a brief story of the Irish Colleges in Salamanca, Seville, Madrid, Alcalá, Santiago de Compostela, Lisbon, and other European cities. ● Brown, Matthew. "John Aldridge: A 'Real' Irishman" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 5:2 (July 2007), pp. 102-105. ● Burns, Jimmy, "Don Patricio O’Connell: An Irishman and the Politics of Spanish Football" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 6:1 (March 2008), pp. 39-47. ● Canny, Nicholas P., "The Flight of the Earls, 1607" in Irish Historical Studies 17 (1970-1971), pp. 380-399. ● Carey, John, "Did the Irish come from Spain? The legend of the Milesians" in History Ireland 9:3 (2001), pp. 8-11. ● Carrol, C., "Irish and Spanish Cultural and political relations in the work of O'Sullivan Beare" in Morgan, H. (ed.), Political Ideology in Ireland 1541-1641 (Dublin: Four-Courts, 1999), p. 230. ● De Courcy Ireland, John, "Irish in the Portuguese navy" in The Irish Sword 17 (1989), pp. 209-209. ● De Pablo Cantero, Antonio. "Los Regimientos irlandeses de Infantería en la Guerra de Sucesión" in La Guerra de Sucesión en España y América. Actas X Jornadas Nacionales de Historia Militar, Sevilla, 13-17 de noviembre de 2000 (2001), pp. 399- 411. ● Esdaile, Charles J., "Latin America and the Anglo-Spanish Alliance Against Napoleon 1808-14" in Bulletin of Hispanic Studies 69 (1992), pp. 55-70. ● Fannin, Samuel, "The Irish community in eighteenth-century Cádiz" in Thomas O'Connor and Mary Ann Lyons (eds.), Irish Migrants in Europe after Kinsale, 1602- 1820 (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2003). ● Fenning, Hugh, "Irish Dominicans at Lisbon before 1700: a Biographical Register" in Collectanea Hibernica 42 (2000), pp. 27-65. ● Fernández Chaves, Manuel and Mercedes Gamero Rojas. "A Description of the Irish in Seville: Merchants of the Eighteenth Century" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America, 5:2 (July 2007), pp. 106-111. ● García Hernán, Enrique and Óscar Recio Morales (eds.), Extranjeros en el Ejército: Militares irlandeses en la sociedad española, 1580-1818 (Madrid: Ministerio de Defensa, 2007). The volume is accompanied by a database on CD, The Irish military presence in the Spanish Armies, 1580-1818, by Óscar Recio Morales.
38 ● García Hernán, Enrique, Miguel Angel de Bunes, Oscar Recio Morales and Bernardo J. García García (eds.), Irlanda y la monarquía hispánica: Kinsale 1601- 2001, Guerra, política, exilio y religión (Madrid: CSIC, 2002). ● González López, Emilio, "Axentes irlandeses na Cruña a comenzos do século XVII: Dermond MacCarthy" in Grial (Vigo) 12 (April, May, June 1966), pp. 149-154. ● González López, Emilio, "Exilados irlandeses en Galicia: Hugo Roe O'Donnell e a Torre de Breogán" in Grial (Vigo) 18 (October, November, December 1967), pp. 389- 395. ● Guimera Ravina, Agustín, Burguesía Extranjera y Comercio Atlántico: La Empresa Comercial Irlandesa en Canarias, 1703-1771 (Santa Cruz de Tenerife: Consejería de Cultura y Deportes, 1985). ● Hayes, R., "Irishmen in the naval services of continental Europe" in Irish Sword 1952-3, 304-315. ● Healy, Claire. "A Nation of Emigrants or Immigrants? The Challenge of Integration in Ireland and Portugal" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America, 5:2 (July 2007), pp. 117-120. ● Hennessy, Maurice, The wild geese: the Irish soldier in exile (Old Greenwich, CT: Devin Adair, 1973). ● Henry, Gráinne, The Irish Military Community in the Spanish Flanders, 1586-1621 (Blackrock: Irish Academic Press, 1992). ● Keaveney, Michael, "La Trinidad Valencera: An Armada Wreck in O'Doherty Country" in Donegal Annual 41 (1989), pp. 46-51. ● Kelly, James, "The Irish trade dispute with Portugal, 1780-1787" in Studia Hibernica 25 (1989-90), pp. 7-48. ● Kerney, Micheline, Spanish Knights of Irish Origin: Documents from Continental Archives (Dublin: Stationary Office for the Manuscripts Commission, 1960). ● Kilfeather, T., Graveyard of the Spanish Armada (Dublin: Alvin Books, 1967). ● Kinnaird, Lawrence, "Alejandro O'Reilly in Louisiana" in Din, Gilbert C. (ed.) The Spanish presence in Louisiana, 1763-1803 (Lafayette, La.: Center for Louisiana Studies, University of Southwestern Louisiana, 1996), 74-76. The governor of Spain in Louisiana Alejandro O'Reilly (1725-1794). There are streets in Madrid, Barcelona and Cadiz bearing his name. ● Kinnaird, Lawrence, "Alejandro O'Reilly in Louisiana" in Din, Gilbert C. (ed.) The Spanish presence in Louisiana, 1763-1803 (Lafayette, La.: Center for Louisiana Studies, University of Southwestern Louisiana, 1996), 74-76. ● Lammond, D., "The Irish-Portuguese trade dispute, 1770-90" in Irish Historical Studies 25 (1986), pp. 29-45. ● Longfield, A.K., Irish Linen for Spain and Portugal: James Archbold's Letters 1771- 79 (Dublin: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 1976). ● MacCurtain, Benvenuta, "An Irish Agent of the Counter-Reformation: Dominic O'Daly" in Irish Historical Studies 15:60 (1967), pp. 391-406. ● McGurk, John, "Wild Geese: The Irish in European armies (sixteenth to eighteenth centuries)" in O'Sullivan, Patrick (ed.) The Irish World Wide: History, Heritage, Identity Vol. 1. ● McLaughlin, Mark G., The Wild Geese: The Irish Brigades of France and Spain (London: Osprey Publishing, 1980). ● Mendes Drumond Braga, Isabel M.R., "Os Irlandeses e a Inquisaçao Portuguesa (séculos XVI-XVIII)" in Revista de la Inquisición 10 (2001), pp. 165-191. ● Molina, Oscar. "Immigration, Social Dialogue and Economic Growth in the Old Periphery of Europe: The Celtic and Latin Tigers?" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America, 5:2 (July 2007), pp. 112-116. ● O'Boyle, James, The Irish Colleges on the Continent: Their Origin and History (Dublin, 1935). ● O'Connell, Patricia, "The early-modern Irish college network in Iberia, 1590-1800" in Thomas O'Connor (ed.) The Irish in Europe 1580-1815 (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2001), pp. 49-64. ● O'Connell, Patricia, The Irish College at Lisbon, 1590-1834 (Dublin: Four Courts, 2001). ● O'Connor, Thomas (ed.), The Irish in Europe, 1580-1815: the Other Hidden Ireland (Dublin: Four Courts, 2001).
39 ● O'Connor, Thomas and Mary Ann Lyons (eds.), Irish migrants in Europe after Kinsale, 1602-1820 (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2003). Includes "Irish migrant networks and rivalries in Spain, 1575-1659" by Karin Schüller, and "The Irish community in eighteenth-century Cádiz" by Samuel Fannin. ● O'Cuinneagain, Seosamh, Saga of the Irish Brigade to Spain, 1936 (Enniscorthy). ● O'Scea, Ciaran, "The devotional world of the Irish Catholic exile in early-modern Galicia, 1598-1666" in Thomas O'Connor (ed.) The Irish in Europe 1580-1815 (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2001). ● Pérez Tostado, Igor, "Ireland and Iberia: An Introduction" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 5:2 (July 2007), pp. 93-95. ● Pérez Tostado, Igor, "'Tu, Felix Austria, Nube': La actividad política bicéfala de la comunidad exilada irlandesa en la corte de Felipe IV y la visita de Carlos Estuardo" in Tiempos Modernos: Revista Electrónica de Historia Moderna (Madrid) 5:13 (January 2006). ● Pyne, Peter, "A Soldier Under Two Flags: Lieutenant-Colonel James Florence Burke: Officer, Adventurer and Spy" in Études irlandaises (Spring 1998), pp. 121- 138. ● Recio Morales, Oscar. "When merit alone is not enough: Money as a 'parallel route' for Irish military advancement in Spain" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America, 5:2 (July 2007), pp. 121-124. ● Recio Morales, Oscar. "El pensamiento político irlandés en la España del XVII" in Chronica nova: Revista de historia moderna de la Universidad de Granada, 29 (2002), pp. 245-275. ● Recio Morales, Oscar, "Irish Mercantile Networks in Spain" in Research Projects of the Centre for Irish-Scottish and Comparative Studies, Trinity College Dublin. ● Recio Morales, Oscar, El socorro de Irlanda en 1601 y la contribución del ejército a la integración social de los irlandeses en España (Madrid: Ministerio de Defensa, 2002). ● Rey Castelao, Ofelia, "Inmigrantes irlandeses en la Galicia del período moderno" in Villar García, María Begoña (ed.), La emigración irlandesa en el siglo XVIII (Málaga: Universidad de Málaga, 2000), pp. 183-205. ● Rey Castelao, Ofelia, "Exiliados irlandeses en Galicia de fines del XVI a mediados del XVII" in Giménez López, Enrique, Pablo Fernández Albaladejo and Antonio Mestre Sanchís, Actas de la IV Reunión Científica de la Asociación Española de Historia Moderna Alicante, 27-30 de mayo de 1996, Vol. 2, 1997 (Disidencias y exilios en la España Moderna), pp. 99-116. ● Rodríguez, Moisés Enrique. "The Spanish Habsburgs and their Irish Soldiers (1587-1700)" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America, 5:2 (July 2007), pp. 125- 130. ● Ronan, Gerard, The Irish Zorro: the extraordinary adventures of William Lamport 1615-1659 (Dublin: Brandon, 2004). See Mexico. ● Scanlon, O., Shamrocks in Castile (Dublin; Gill & Son, 1951). ● Schüller, Karin, "Irish migrant networks and rivalries in Spain 1575-1659" in Thomas O'Connor and Mary Ann Lyons (eds.), Irish Migrants in Europe after Kinsale, 1602-1820 (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2003). ● Schüller, Karin, Die Beziehungen zwischen Spanien und Irland im 16. Und 17. (Jahrhundert: Munster, Aschendorf, 1999). ● Stradling, R.A., The Spanish Monarchy and Irish Mercenaries: the Wilde Geese in Spain 1618-68 (Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 1994). ● Téllez Alarcia, Diego. "Richard Wall, the Irish-Spanish Minister" in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America, 5:2 (July 2007), pp. 131-134. ● Trainor, Patricia, "The Spanish Connection" in Gonzalez Casadmont, Rosa (ed.) The Representation of Ireland/s: Images from Outside and from Within (Barcelona: PPU Promociones y Publicaciones Universitarias, 2003) ● Trench, C.E.F., "Hugh Beatty, an Irish soldier in Portugal" in The Irish Sword 14 (1981), pp. 216-220. ● Vatcher, S., "A lodge of Irishmen at Lisbon, 1738" in Ars Quatuor Coronatorum 84 (1971), pp. 75-109. ● Villar García, María Begoña, "Ingleses e irlandeses en España" in Eiras Roel, Antonio, and Domingo L. González Lopo, La inmigración en España: actas del coloquio, Santiago de Compostela, 6-7 de noviembre de 2003 (Santiago de Compostela: Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 2004), pp. 31-76.
40 ● Villar García, María Begoña (ed.), La emigración irlandesa en el siglo XVIII (Málaga: Universidad de Máslaga, 2000). ● Voltes Bou, Pedro, "Thomas Hussey y sus servicios a la política de Floridablanca" in Hispania 19:74 (1959), pp. 92-141. ● Walsh, Micheline, The O' Neills in Spain, Spanish Knights of Irish Origin, Destruction by Peace (Dublin: National University of Ireland, 1957). ● Walsh, Micheline, "Unpublished Admiral Brown Documents in Madrid" in The Irish Sword 3:10 (summer 1957), pp. 17-19.
The San Patricio Battalion: A Bibliography
● Adams, Richard. Ollin: San Patricios, a radio interview to Vincent Valdez and brothers Randy and Scott Rodarte, members of the musical band Ollin in Los Angeles, and authors of the album San Patricios. Sound and text available online (http://www.theworld.org/? q=taxonomy_by_date/2/20070316), accessed 19 March 2007. Other songs inspired by the San Patricio Battalion or John Rilley have been composed by groups Fianna and Black 47, David Rovics, and Charlie O'Brien. ● Alcaraz, Ramón (ed.), Apuntes para la historia de la guerra entre México y los Estados Unidos (México: M. Pyno, 1848). Translated and edited by Albert C. Ramsey, The Other Side: Notes for the History of the War Between Mexico and the United Sates (New York: J. Wiley, 1850). ● Baker, B. Kimball, "The Saint Patricks Fought for their Skins and Mexico" in Smithsonian 8 (1978), pp. 94-101. ● Bender, Abby, "That glorious Emblem of native rights": The Cultural "Hybridity" of the San Patricio Battalion Flag in Globalization and the Image II: The Global Image 2002 MLA Convention, New York City, NY (30 December 2002). Available online
41 ● Nordstrom, Pam, "San Patricio Battalion" in The Handbook of Texas Online. Available online
Eliza Lynch (1835-1886): A Bibliography
● Barrett, William Edmund, Woman on Horseback: The Biography of Francisco Lopez and Eliza Lynch (New York: F.A. Stockes, 1938). Translated into Spanish, Una Amazona (Asunción: Jackson, 1955), with foreword by Victor Jacinto Flecha and chronology by Raúl Amaral. ● Baptista, Francisco, Madame Lynch: Mujer de mundo y de guerra (Buenos Aires: Emecé, 1987). ● Bray, Arturo, Solano López: Soldado de la gloria y del infortunio (Asunción: author's edition, 1984). ● Brodsky, Alyn, Madame Lynch and Friend: The true account of an Irish adventuress and the dictator of Paraguay who destroyed that American nation (New York: Harper & Row, 1975). ● Cawthorne, Nigel, The Empress of South America. The True Story of Eliza Lynch: the Irishwoman who destroyed Latin America's wealthiest country – and became its national heroine (London: Heinemann, 2003). ● Cardozo Ocampo, Mauricio, Madama Lynch, musical theatre (1931), first performed at Teatro Odeón of Buenos Aires. The song lyrics are included in Cardozo Ocampo's Mis bodas de oro con el folklore paraguayo: Memorias de un Pychäi (author's edition: Asunción, 1980), pp.145-151. ● Chaves, María Concepción, Madame Lynch: Evocação (Rio de Janeiro: Livraria Freitas Bastos, 1960). ● Enright, Anne, The Pleasure of Eliza Lynch. A Novel (London: Jonathan Cape, 2002). ● Lillis, Michael, Eliza Lynch: Queen of Paraguay (Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, 2014). "This is a unique love story, chronicling a romance that endured a desperate turn of fortunes, taking them from a life of royalty to a life on the run, and culminating with the now iconic image of Lynch burying both López and their eldest son in a shallow grave with her bare hands after they had been killed by Brazilian troops. Dubbed ‘The Irish Evita’, Eliza Lynch (born in Charleville, County Cork) was the most famous woman in all of South America in the nineteenth century" (from the publisher's online catalogue). Lillis, an Irish diplomat with republican background and well-known contributor to The Irish Times, reproduces many of the romantic views of Eliza Lynch.
42 ● Neill, Kenneth, "Lynch, Eliza (1835-1886)" in Brian Lalor (ed.) The Encyclopedia of Ireland (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003), p. 655. ● O'Leary, Juan E., El Mariscal Solano López (Asunción, 1920). ● Rees, Siân, The Shadows of Eliza Lynch: How a Nineteenth Century Irish Courtesan Became the Most Powerful Woman in Paraguay (London: Review, 2003). ● Tuck, Lily, The News from Paraguay (New York: Harper Collins, 2004). ● Varela, Héctor, Elisa Lynch (Buenos Aires: Elefante Blanco, 1997). ● Whigham, Thomas Lyle, "Lynch, Eliza Alicia (1835-1886)" in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), online edition
Reviews: ● Coughlan, Patricia, "'Without a Blink of Her Lovely Eye': The Pleasure of Eliza Lynch and Visionary Scepticism" in Irish University Review, 35:2 (2005), pp. 349-373. ● De Miguel, Maria Esther, "Elisa Lynch de Héctor Varela" in La Nación (Buenos Aires, 20 October 1997). ● McNeil, Jean, "A vicious adventuress has inspired two biographies and a novel" in Independent (London, 18 January 2003). On Cawthorne and Rees. ● Moser, Benjamin, "The Eliza Lynch Story: Three different books recall the Paraguayan War" in Newsweek International (Redmond, WA, 5 May 2003). On Cawthorne, Rees and Enright. ● Myerson, Julie, "Love in the Time of Excess" in The Guardian (London, 21 September 2002). On Enright. ● Rozenberg, Gabriel, "Girl Power" in The Times (London, 18 January 2003). On Rees. ● Stove, R.J., "The Shadows of Eliza Lynch by Siân Rees" in Quadrant Magazine, 68:1-2 (Balmant, New South Wales, January 2004). ● Wilson, Frances, "The Lady Macbeth of Paraguay" in The Guardian (London, 1 February 2003). On Cawthorne and Rees.
William Brown (1777-1857): A Bibliography
● Aguinis, Marcos, El combate perpetuo (Buenos Aires: Sudamericana, 1971). ● Brown, Guillermo, Memorias del Almirante Brown (Buenos Aires: Academia Nacional de Historia, 1957). ● Geraghty, Michael John, Was Admiral Brown Admiral Someone Else? Text of lecture "William Brown, whose agent was he?" given at the British Engineering Association (Buenos Aires) on 6 April 2004. ● Hudson, Thomas, Admiral William Brown: the Master of the River Plate (Buenos Aires, 2004). ● Ireland, John de Courcy, The Admiral from Mayo: A life of Almirante William Brown from Foxford (Dublin: Eamonn de Burca, 1995). ● Ireland, John de Courcy, "Almirante William Brown, father of the Argentine Navy" in History Ireland 9:3 (2001), pp. 31-34. ● Ireland, John de Courcy, "Admiral William Brown" in The Irish Sword 6:23 (winter 1962), pp. 119-121. ● Ratto, Héctor R., Historia del Almirante Brown (Buenos Aires: Instituto de Publicaciones Navales, 1985). ● Read, Jan, The New Conquistadors (London: Evans Brothers Ltd., 1980). ● Vale, Brian, A War Betwixt Englishmen: Brazil Against Argentina On The River Plate, 1825-1830 (London: Tauris, 1999). ● Walsh, Micheline, "Unpublished Admiral Brown Documents in Madrid" in The Irish Sword 3:10 (summer 1957), pp. 17-19. ● Walsh, Tom, "Admiral Brown of Argentina" in Westport Historical Society. Part 1: Vol. 10 (1990) pp. 47-57. Part 2: Vol. 11 (1991), pp. 105-117.
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