Steigen Nev- Samlingen På Tusentallet

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Steigen Nev- Samlingen På Tusentallet I iernalderh øvdingens innerste rike Av Hein Bjartmann Bjerck En vandring langs Vollmoveien er en reise i tid. Reisen fører til det innerste av jernalder- høvdingenes rike, og er illustrert med bildene til arkeologen som grov ut disse rike fortidsminnene for femti år siden. Nær- mere vikingene kommer du neppe noe annet sted. forteller sagatekstene lite, her blir de arkeologiske kildene de Veien til vikingtideh... viktigste. Og de finnes i rikt monn. Forsitle: Rin.gtunet tormenn fra Steigen nev- samlingen på tusentallet. Men pci Vollmoen. F'oto nes i Snorres kongesagaer det var på EngelPya at stormenn Maktsenter i 2000 år H. E. Lund.. blant de fremste i landet. som Øyvind Kinnrive, Ulv Steigen er el hovedsted på det De deltok i storpolitikken både Raneson, Sigurd Raneson og arkeologiske norgeskartet. Her her hjemme og i viktige ferder Lodin Ongul hadde sine trjem, er tufter etter naust til langskip, til lrland, Skottland og Vester- sine rØtter, sitt økonomiske og store gravhauger, gravfunn med havs@yene i årene like etter riks- sosiale llndament. Om dette verdifulle gjenstander fia den S1t,-tlspiss av .jern Jra eldre jernalder, _lunnet i en hqtvdinggrav fra 300-tcillet ved ring tunet på Bø. Foto TrontsQ museum. 2 Steigen kirke er h6yst levende Volhttoyeien nted. også i vår tid. ringtLlrct neder.st t.lt. Ontkri.ng tLrnet Lange linjer t,ises ttrr etler .ttore Det er ganske imponerende å kokegroper. Foto tenke på at den vakre kirken er H. E. Ltutd. tuftet på en tradisjon med tydeli- ge røtter tilbake i jernalderhilv- dingenes verden. Steigen er et nBkkelområde fbr å fbrstå de lange linjene i historia. Her kan vi studere hvordan maktposisj oner, samfunnsstruk- , ,'..4t* tur, Økonorni, politikk og religi- --{--å. on stadig finner nye former un- der skiftende lbrhold - alltid ulBselig knyttet til hverandre, alltid tLrftet på det som var. store verden, og en 6 m hgy hgvdingene. Dette slo dype bautastein. Mest kjent er tuftene sprekker i et maktmonopol med på Vollmoen, 16 hus ornkring et rØtter fia tiden omkring Kristi stort tun, sannsynligvis en fbr- fødsel. le-qning der h6vdingen kunne hLrse 3-400 mann nØdven- Lagmannsete om Sve rdsl i rebes lu g dig. Steigen beholdt sin status som .fi'u vikingtiden fru Vollmten, stllltt i Jernalderhpvdingene var både maktsenter også etter rikssam- lingen på tusentallet. Lagman- hronSe. M4lnsteret politiske og religigse ledere i er tl,-r som holtler nen, kongens samme person. Koblingen mel- forlengede arm og I hvertLndre rttst i rettsmyndighet, sete bein. og a.rn.er. 1om religiBs og verdslig rnakt øverste fikk "*l Liknende et gjorde h6vdingen svært mektig. pir den gamle hgvdinggården. besla.g .it' .funnet både i Kristning og rikssamling skjed- t Steigen kirke som er fra 1200- i Hedebv- og pti de parallelt, og det er neppe til- tallet, har sannsynligvis rØtter i Isluntl, og viser feldig. Religionsskiftet var kan- den aller fgrste tiden etter krist- kontaktveier over lunge at,stcmder. skje Oltrv Tryggvasons fremste ningen. Lagmannsetet lungerte F oto TrontsQ våpen i kampen mot Håløyg- til det ble avviklet i 1191, men Inuseum. [,-ra utgravingene av Vollmoen ringtun i I 912. Vestre tuJierekke er avdekkeL øStre ttfterekke restaurert og gjen- kastet. Foto H. E. Lund. HavnØ skrev selv en lengre r-rt- Ringtunet på Vollmoen greiing om funnet: Tingplass fra vikingtiden gjen- I levende live må ringtunet greide likevel å overleve i glem- Junnet i Nordland. Stedet hyor på Vollmoen ha vært et av selen. Vollene på moen ble lagt Steigarting blev holdt i det eldgatn- jernalderhøvdingens merke til, og levningene fikk le ting fttr Hålogttland. leve videre i navnet <Vollmoen>. En ved voller og tomter omgitt viktigste anlegg, et velkjent - Men ingen kjente til hva vol- flate av ovctl;form, 50 meter i lengde og viktig punkt på jern- lene var da ringtunet ble oppda- og 30 meter bred, med sparsom gressvekst, utmarken på gården alderens norgeskart. get av amatørarkeologen Edvard i Steigen pti Engelplt i Nordlantl. At en ingen skriftlige kil- HavnØ i 1926. HavnØ mente han det er den gttmle, nedlagte og for- der forteller noe om hadde funnet det ber@mte <Stei- glemte tingplass vi har oss, kan ringtunene. Det fnr er un- gartinget> som var kjent fra der ikke være tvil om, skjrXnt stedet derlig at et slikt viktig bygg blir sagatekstene. Nyheten om ting- var ukjent og uten tradisjon blanclt helt slemt. Men fortidsminnet plassen vakte stor oppsikt, befolkningen. Nu har eiendommen Ringtunet Kokegroper på Vollmoen Inngang Planskisse i,l 20m _-N s I ,^r'S ) o.. Inngang [NXi'--\J Ringtunet på VolLmoen, omgit av de store kokegropene .fbssil.er av for- Tegning H. E. Lttnd Len gst .ftt rdp1-de .lbstmåltider. Steigberg begynt d.t,rkning rw Vold- Utgraving på Vollmoen te 16 tufter rundt et ovalt tun. moens vestre del, Iangs foten av Ringtunet ble utgravd under Omkring tunet var 26 stBrre og Steigberget, og den gamle furen.fbr Iedelse av H. E,. Lund i 1941 og mindre hauger, samt ca 40 min- lilstoriske tingplass er rykket nær- 1942. Nøyaktig kartlegging ris- dre sØkk i bakken. Den samle mere. (A;l'tenposten 9. 10. l93l ). Trkket være Havnøs engasje- ment ble Vollmoen reddet. Om- rådel ble siden innkjøpt a\ HeinJra husttft på Vollmoen ringtun. Staten, og eies dag av TromsØ i Foto TromsQ museum. tnuseLtm, f'erdselåra over Steigskaret og mot Steigen kirke gikk tvers gjennom tunet. De tydelige vollene stammer fra tykke vegger av gresstorv. Husene var svært like, og alle var bolighus. I gulvene fantes spor etter takbærende stolper, og ofte flere ildsteder. Det ble fun- net en rekke gienstander i hus- Fru utgravingerte tuftene: Bryner, skår av kokekar av Vollmoen av kleberstein. kniver av jern. ringttrn i. 1912. El glassperler, en ctv husene rekott ildflint og ildstål, struert ved. å sette tein av sølv, og et bronsebeslag påler i ,stolpehulle fra en sverdslire. Utgrar ingene rrc. Foto H. E. av tunet brakte for dagen spred- Lund. te dyrebein, dyretenner, og et bryne. tiden. Dette bekreftes av en Sørvestlandet. Tunene har vært Kokegroper l4C-datering fra ca 900 e. Kr. tolket ulikt; som markedsplas- Haugene viste seg ikke å være Men her er også tre dateringer ser, landsbyer, tingsteder, borg- graver, men store kokegroper. fra 500-550 e. Kr, som viser at anlegg, og militære forlegnin- Gropa i haugen var et ildsted der anlegget var etablert allerede i ger. H. E. Lund tolket Vollmoen man fikk glgr til å koke maten. folkevandringstiden. som Stei gh6vdingens hirdkaser- Det hele ble dekket av jord, og Flere ringtun ne. det åpne ildstedet ble en gigan- Det er funnet to ringtun i Stei- Arkeologene Olav Svere Jo- tisk steikeovn. Haugene var gen. Det eldste ligger på Bø, på hansen og Torn Søbstad har med bygget opp av jord som hadde andre siden av Steigskaret, og er utgangspunkt i en samlet vurde- vært brukt til å dekke mat og fra 30o-tallet e. Kr. vollmotunet ring av de nordnorske tunene 916r, og viser lang tids bruk av ble etablert på 500-ta11et, og har gitt stgtte til dette synet. Deres slike storkjØkken. Noen av de trolig avlpst B6-anlegget. Begge hovedpoeng er at anlegget er mindre sØkkene ble også under- har sannsynligvis tilhPrt samme dimensjonert ut fia hgvdingens søkt. I enkelte ble det funnet hpvding-tradisjonen på Engel- rnobiliseringsstyrke, men at brannspor som tydet på at det Øya. Vollmotunet var i bruk helt bygget kan ha hatt en Iangt bre- kunne være mindre ildsteder. til vikingtiden frem mot år dere funksjon enn å huse våpen- lØre menn ul'redstider. Dateringer r 000. i Flere gjenstander viser al ring- Liknende ringtun er kjent fra tunet har vært brukt i viking- Troms, Nordland, Trpndelag og Ringtunet slik det kan lta sett ut i Ieventle live. McLleri cLv A. Reinerts 1956. Høv di ngens h i rd kaserne? Mange trekk ved og fremst ligger mange andre tegn på et makt- ringtunene og miljøet de T-t ørst fi tunene oftest på steder der senter. Her er store gravhauger ligger gir oss i holde- I- sagatekster forteller om som Sigarshaugen, rike grav- punkter for å forstå deres høvdingseter i jernalderen. Om- funn som Hagbardholmen, og funksjon. kring ringtunet finner vi også tufter etter langskipsnaust som en lang, steinet, og langgrunn vik. Den som kom i fredelig ærend kunne tilpasse sin an- komst til full flo og få mann- skap, utstyr og varer helt frem til tunet. Når det ikke var flo, var tunet umulig å overraske lra sjøen. Kokegrop like Dette satte en stopper for utenfor tuftene på vikingtidens velkjente strategi, å Vollmoen ringtun. angripe med langskip, som kun- Vekslende lag med ne komme helt inn land og sttnd og trekull Jbr- til teller om en lang sette i land et storl antall våpen- rekke dctmpende, føre menn i rekordfart. På seg duJiende måltider selv kjenner man andre. Høv- som mettet viking- mager gjennom dingen på Bø plasserte sin for- htmdreder av år. legning slik at denne overraskel- Foto H. E. Lund. sestaktikken ville ha store muligheter å mislykkes. ved Steigberget. Likevel repre- nok et tegn på at dette ikke er til senterer ringtunet neppe selve boplasser. Samle folk h6vdinggården. Det er ikke I området utenfor husene er Jernalderhøvdingene hadde fra knyttet til godt jordbruksland, det ofte store kokegroper, som tid til annen mange andre grun- og ligger ofte perifert i forhold tyder på at det har vært tilberedt ner til å samle mange menne- til der det er naturlig å tenke seg store mengder mat fra tid til an- sker: Politiske toppm@ter der at folk bodde. nen. Flere groper er store nok til mange hpvdinger med stort føl- Bolig - men ikke boplass å tilberede hele dyreskrotter.
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