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Transportation Electrification Beyond Light Duty: Technology and Market Assessment

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Transportation Electrification Beyond Light Duty: Technology and Market Assessment ORNL/TM-2017/77-R1 Transportation Electrification Beyond Light Duty: Technology and Market Assessment Alicia K. Birky, Ph.D. Michael Laughlin, PMP Katie Tartaglia Rebecca Price Zhenhong Lin, Ph.D. September 2017 DOCUMENT AVAILABILITY Reports produced after January 1, 1996, are generally available free via US Department of Energy (DOE) SciTech Connect. Website http://www.osti.gov/scitech/ Reports produced before January 1, 1996, may be purchased by members of the public from the following source: National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 Telephone 703-605-6000 (1-800-553-6847) TDD 703-487-4639 Fax 703-605-6900 E-mail [email protected] Website http://www.ntis.gov/help/ordermethods.aspx Reports are available to DOE employees, DOE contractors, Energy Technology Data Exchange representatives, and International Nuclear Information System representatives from the following source: Office of Scientific and Technical Information PO Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831 Telephone 865-576-8401 Fax 865-576-5728 E-mail [email protected] Website http://www.osti.gov/contact.html This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. ORNL/TM-2017/77-R1 Energy and Transportation Science Division TRANSPORTATION ELECTRIFICATION BEYOND LIGHT DUTY: TECHNOLOGY AND MARKET ASSESSMENT Alicia K. Birky, Ph.D. (Energetics) Michael Laughlin, PMP (Energetics) Katie Tartaglia (Energetics) Rebecca Price (Energetics) Zhenhong Lin, Ph.D. (ORNL) Date Published: September 2017 Prepared by Energetics Incorporated Under subcontract to OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6283 managed by UT-BATTELLE, LLC for the US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................. iii ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................... v LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................................... ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................................... xi Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................... xiii 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Scope ............................................................................................................................................. 2 1.3 Segment Overviews ...................................................................................................................... 2 1.3.1 Transportation Modes ........................................................................................................... 3 1.3.2 Goods Movement .................................................................................................................. 3 1.3.3 People Movement ................................................................................................................. 6 2. Highway Vehicles ................................................................................................................................. 9 2.1 Industry and Market Overview ..................................................................................................... 9 2.2 Federally Funded Research ......................................................................................................... 14 2.3 Service Fleet Applications .......................................................................................................... 15 2.4 Goods Movement Applications .................................................................................................. 17 2.5 People Movement Applications .................................................................................................. 20 3. Non-Road Equipment ......................................................................................................................... 23 3.1 Market Overview ........................................................................................................................ 23 3.2 Service Fleet: Construction Equipment ..................................................................................... 24 3.3 Goods Movement: Cargo and Material Handling ....................................................................... 26 3.3.1 Port Ground Equipment ...................................................................................................... 26 3.3.2 Other Material Handling ..................................................................................................... 28 4. Marine ................................................................................................................................................. 29 4.1 Tug- and Towboats ..................................................................................................................... 29 4.2 Vessel Shore Power .................................................................................................................... 30 4.3 Ferries ......................................................................................................................................... 32 5. Rail ...................................................................................................................................................... 35 5.1 Freight rail ................................................................................................................................... 35 5.2 Passenger Rail ............................................................................................................................. 37 6. Aircraft GSE ....................................................................................................................................... 41 6.1 Market Overview ........................................................................................................................ 41 6.2 Aircraft Support Applications ..................................................................................................... 44 6.3 Freight Support Applications ...................................................................................................... 45 6.4 Passenger Support Applications .................................................................................................. 45 7. Identifying Promising Markets ........................................................................................................... 47 7.1 Selection Criteria ........................................................................................................................ 47 7.2 Analysis of Highway Applications ............................................................................................. 48 7.3 Recommendations for Detailed Analysis .................................................................................... 52 8. Summary of Findings .......................................................................................................................... 53 8.1 State of the Market ...................................................................................................................... 53 8.2 Data Gaps .................................................................................................................................... 53 8.3 Promising Market Gaps .............................................................................................................. 55 8.4 Challenges ................................................................................................................................... 55 8.5 Strategies ..................................................................................................................................... 56 iii Appendix A. Plug-In Vehicle Products .................................................................................................... 59 Appendix B. Highway Vehicle Market Data ........................................................................................... 62 References ..................................................................................................................................................
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