Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation Department of Agriculture
Crop Quality and Postharvest Management for Agriculture Sector
Dr. Tin Ohnmar Win Staff Officer Agricultural Extension Division
November 29, 2012 ( Micasa Hotel, Yangon, Myanmar ) GREATER MEAKHONG SUB-REGION MYANMAR- STRATEGICALLY FOCAL POINT FOR ASEAN MEMBER STATES OBJECTIVES
Disseminate current situation of PHT management systems of Myanmar
Observe packing / transportation/ export procedures in Myanmar
Identify strength and weakness in supply chain
Action research on cross border value chain
Discussion points for urgently need action plans Value Chain for Quality Rice Production Field Maintenance Harvesting Land Storage Preparation
Seed Preparation
Marketing Transportation
At Warehouse Packing and Repacking Grading and Sorting Postharvest losses of Monsoon Rice
Yangon Bago Ayeyawaddy No. Stage (Hlegu Township) (Yedashe Township) (Zalun Tsp) 1. Harvesting (%) 1.4 – 2.1 1.1 –1.8 1.2 –1.8
2. Field Drying (%) 1.4 –––3. 3 1.71.71.7 1.7 2.42.42.4 4.6 –––6.26.26.2 3. Threshing/Cleaning 0.4 –––1.11.11.1 0.6 ––– 1.61.61.6 2.62.62.6 3.33.33.3 4. Transportation (%) 1.3 –––1.71.71.7 2.02.02.0 2.0 2.62.62.62.62.12.12.1 2.1 2.92.92.92.9 5. Drying (%) 0.8 1.51.51.5 0.10.10.1 0.1 0.50.50.5 0.8 1.1 1.11.11.1 6. Storage(%) 1.6 3.33.33.3 ၁၁၁.၁...၁၁၁၁ ၁၁၁. ၁...၉၉၉၉2.1 3.33.33.3 Total Losses (%) 6.9 -13.0 6.6 –10.8 13.2 -18.6
(Source: Field Survey, 2011 Nov 10-27, Hlegu, Yadashe and Zalun Townships ) Climate Changes and Postharvest Losses of Grains
Source: World Development Report on Climate Change 2010 Drying in the Field After Harvest
Rice bundles in the field drying: the most damaging step of postharvest losses for resource poor farmers, under erratic climatic condition, should suggest threshing immediately to reduce cracking broken and quality damages of milled rice
(Source: Field Survey, 2010 & 2011 Nov 20-27, Zalun Township ) Threshing Villagers under 1-2 acres of farmland are sometimes difficult to invest threshers and even tarpoulin sheets to prevent harvested rice from erratic climatic variation
(Source: Field Survey, 2011 November 20-27, Hlegu and YadasheTownships ) Prevention of Postharvest Losses Equal with Increasing of Sown Area
If Losses may be 10 %, Total Rice Production – 30 million MT Total milled Paddy – 18 million MT Losses milled paddy – 1.8 million MT ( can feed 9,00,000 people per year ) Highway Drying ( Cause quality damages of milled rice, storability, germination percent and also to seedling vigour)
Source : Dr. Myo Aung Kyaw, CARTC Postharvest Training 10-14 Sep, 2012 Technology Changes and Utilization in Commercial Scale
Source: Minister report for President Visit at Nay Pyi Taw, 2011 Utilization of Dryers in Ayeyawaddy Region ( Myanmar rice producer association is focal point for drying technology development in Myanmar )
(Source: Dr. Myo Aung Kyaw( MRPA), CARTC Postharvest Training, 2012 September 14-19 ) Storage System ( Hopper silo) in Commercial Scale
Initial Investment cost- 700-3050 USD ( FOB Price)/ Set Capacity – 3-300 Ton of paddy
Advantages: Moisture proof Storage pest reduce Easy for fumigation Aeration control Temperature regulated
Disadvantages Electricity need for operation Clean out the crop residue
Source: Minister report for President Visit at Shwe Taung Farm, 11 November 2012 Paddy Dryer and Light House
Source: Chai village, DOA model farm, Nay Pyi Taw 2011-2012 Seed Production and Processing For Quality Rice
Source: Minister report for President Visit at Shwe Taung Farm, 11 November 2012 Postharvest Losses of Food Legumes Stage Black gram Chickpea Pigeon pea ( Phyu Tsp) ( Chaung Oo Tsp.) ( MahlaingMahlaing)))) Harvest 0.6 1.31.31.3 1.1. ––– 1.91.91.9 0.90.90.9 0.9 1.51.51.5
Transportation (((field to threshing floor) 0.70.70.7 0.7 0.90.90.9 0.6 –––0.70.70.7 0.4 –––0.60.60.6
Threshing/Winnowing/ 0.8 –––1.2 1.2 –––1.41.41.4 0.90.90.9 0.9 1.11.11.1 Cleaning
Drying 0.6 –––0.90.90.9 0.3 –––0.7 0.70.70.7 0.7 0.80.80.8
Storage 2.2 –––3.23.23.2 2.4 4.24.24.2 2.6 3.8 3.83.83.8
Total Losses (%) 4.9 –––7.57.57.5 5.6 –––8.9 5.6 –––7.87.87.8
(Source: Field Surveys, 2012 Feb 18-25, Nyaung Bin Thar, Chaung Oo and Mahlaing, Townships in Myanmar ) Storage of Pulses at Government Farm ( Hinthada Township)
Storage of black gram in farmers’ house Lewai Township, Shar Chaung village ( using superbag for airtight storage for 5 months)
(Source: Farmers participatory postharvest research in Shar Chaung Village, 2011 and 2012 May to October, Lewai Township ) 17 Legumes Threshing Machines produced by Thapyay Tan Village in Yedashe Township
Source: Field Survey in Thapyattan Village, 2010 February- Yadhashe Township ) ( 18 Colour Polishing Machine in Myanmar for Legumes
Initial Investment- 2040 - 3000 USD/set ( FOB price)
Capacity – 3-100 MT
Advantages: Consumers attraction Price up Prevent storage damage Reduce dull colour of beans
(Source: UMFCCI, U Tun Aung, Bean Forum, 2009 )
19 Storage and Stacking of Legumes at Warehouse
Warehouses in Trade Zones required moisture and temperature proof storage faciliteis and infrastructure
Awareness on postharvest losses by brokers, middle men (agents) and wholesale depot and exporter are critically important.
Ventilation and Temperature for storage food legume are important for prolong storability.
Chemical fumigation should reduce for food safety and workers’ health aspect.
Mango from Myanmar ( cv. Seintalone ) Export to Singapore, Bangkok and China
(Source: Field Surveys, 2012 August 20- 25, Southern Shan State) Mango from Yatsauk and Sesai township go to Singapore market ( Farmgate price – 1 gm = 0.80 ks) Transport Fee – 4 S$/ 10 kg
(Source: Field Surveys, 2012 August 20-25, FOB, Taungyi ,S.Shan State) Mango ( Sein Ta Lone, Hinthar, Yinkwe cvs.) prepare for Chinese market via 105 mile trade zone))
(Source: Field Survey, 2012 June 25-29, Mandalay Region, michaung Tat village ) Mango export to China by Plastic basket ( reduce damages and spoilage significantly)
(Source: Losses Assessment Field Survey, 2012 June 25-29, Mandalay and Northern Shan State State) Changes of Packing Systems from 2003 to 2012
Cartoon used in 2003 Cartoon used in 2009
Cartoon used in 2010 Cartoon used in 2011
26 Transportation of Mango from Mandalay to 105 mile Trade Zone ( Cross Border Point) China
(Source: Losses Assessment Field Survey, 2012 June 25-29, Mandalay and Northern Shan State State) Mango in High Beer Boxes arrive to 105 mile Trade Zone Auction On 27 June 2012 ( 08.00 a.m.) ( Losses – 50 /540 box/truck )
(Source: Losses Assessment Field Survey at 105 mile trade zone, 2012 June 20-29, Northern Shan State State) Damaged Fruits on Truck Car under Rain on the Way ( Mandalay-Lasho-Muse- 105 Mile)
(Source: Losses Assessment Field Survey, 2012 June 20-29, Mandalay and Northern Shan State State) Chinese Buyers decide market price at Mango Auction By Checking Fruit Quality
15 -18 kg/ box = 40 to 120 Yuan (cv. Sein Talone )
Criteria: free from heat damage No underriped fruit Free from fruit fly Free from anthracnose and stem end rot
(Source: Losses Assessment Field Surveys, 2012 June 25-29, Mandalay and Northern Shan State State) Action Plans for 20132013 20142014 Based on the field surveys in Mandalay, Amarpura, Myitthar, Lasho, Muse, Taunggyi, Sesai and Yat Sauk Townships, the following action plans are recommended to be continue the activities.
စ စ စ စ အ က င အရ ဆ င ရ က ရမည ဆ င ရ က ရမည အခ န က လ မ တ ခ ကမ တ ခ က ဒသ ဒသ ဒသ ၁။ က န သ ယ ရ ဇ ရ သစ သ ပ ပ င ရ င မ / က ပ စ မ အ စ က က ခ တ လ ၊ တ င က ၂၀၁၂ ၂၀၁၃ နယ စပ က န သ ယ ဆက မ စ မ ခန ခ ရ သင တန ပ ခ ခင ရ ဦ စ ဌ န+ စ က ပ ရ ဦ စ ဌ န ၂။ ရ သ ခ န လ ပ သ မ င သစ သ ခ ပ င ရ င မ ရပ စ က ၊ မစ သ ၂၀၁၂ ၂၀၁၃ ခ ပ င ရ င မ + အ စနစ တက ခ ဆ တ တင ပ မ နည စနစ မ စ က ပ ရ ဦ စ ဌ န ပည ပ သင တန မ ပ ခ ခင
၃။ ရ တ သ မ ခ တ လ န စက က ရ ယ မ ပ ပ ပ ခင မ ဆယ (၁၀၅)မ င က န သ ယ ရ ဇ ၂၀၁၃ ၂၀၁၄ စ က ပ ရ ဦ စ ဌ န+ (((အဆငအဆင ခ ခ ခ ခ // အရ ယ အစ ခ စကအရ ယ အစ ခ စက ၊ ၊ ၊ ၊ စ ပ /က သန ထ တ ပ ပစ ည စက စသညထ တ ပ ပစ ည စက စသည )))) ဝန က ဌ န
က န ခ ပ ပင ထ တ လ ပ မ စက က ရ ယ မ ပ ပ ပ ခင စက က ရ ယ မ ပ ပ ပ ခင တ င က ၊ မစ သ ၊ ၂၀၁၃ ၂၀၁၄ FAO ၄။ မ ဆယ +စ က ပ ရ ဦ စ ဌ န သယ ယ ပ ဆ င မ လ ပ ငန ဆ င ရ က သ မ အ ပည ပ သင တန ပ ခ ခင မ လ ၊ တ င က ၂၀၁၂ ၂၀၁၃ ပည နယ /တ င ဒသ က ၅။ အစ ရအဖ +စ က ပ ရ ဦ စ ဌ န
(Source: Losses Assessment Field Surveys, 2012 June and August, Mandalay, South Shan and Northern Shan State State) Urgent Needs of Postharvest Technology Development in Myanmar
Updated grading and sorting machines Gravity separators and colour sorters Dehydrators and dryers Packing machines and materials Cold storage facilities and MAP system Cool chain vehicles for transportation Quality assurance laboratory Sustainable encouragement of HRD Cleaning/ Grading and Sorting Infrastructures
Ayetharyar Industrial Zone ( Taunggyi ) for grading and sorting Who will invest? of mango before go to Singapore market ( Thanks to Southern Shan Mango Group)
Who will invest for mango farmers? / Cooperatives?/ Association? Who will invest? Drying and Packing Systems for Tropical Fruits
Dehydration of leafy vegetables and fruits
Packing with conveyer belt
Who will invest? Agricultural Commodity Prepared Ready for Cross Border (Export)
Systematic Palletizing System
Who will invest? Programs Need for Implementation
Systematic aeration in packing system Actions for Future
Ready for Cargo ( Action to Change) (Systematic export at border point)
Pelletizing in 2012 ( present) at 105 mile trade zone Action Research in 105 MileTrade Zone ( Cross Border Point) ပည ပတင ပ မ လ ပ ငန စ တစ လ က အ နည ခ က င က အ နည ခ က င က အ နည ခ က င ပ ပင ရန ပ ပင ရန ပ ပင ရန လ အပ ခ က မ သ သပ တင ပ ခင Myanmar need Postharvest Equipments
We have Human Resources and Technology but No infrastructure and Equipment, yet. Future Prospect
Post Harvest and Food Processing Industry is at a starting point in Myanmar as compared to Thailand, China and Vietnam.
But under proper strategic drive, it will be able to set national standards such as GAP certification, organic certification, ISO, HACCP certification, trainings related certification, awareness and knowledge will be able to complete in region in 10 years afterwards, we believe. SUMMARY
Positive correlation between Technology awareness and adoption and Postharvest management system development. Clearly observed and identified the basic requirement of farmers. To create job opportunities in villages, SMEs for agro-based industry should be basically implemented. Concrete Policy for market and guarantee prices for agricultural commodities is essentially required. RECOMMENDATION
Foundation of PHT need to be strengthened:
Facilitate Producers, buyers and exporters linkage Invite Private investment and FDI Infrastructure and Equipment are crucially needed Encourage SMEs
ACTIONS FOR FAREMRS ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT!!! CONCLUSION
Regional Authorized Organizations Policy, Motivate growers Rules and Regulations Provide technology Contract Signing Support Seeds / Coordinating between planting materials Producers and Exporters Quality Products Advise/ Education Programs Guarantee Market Coordination
FARMERS BUYERS, EXPORTERS AND PRODUCER AND ASSOCIATIONS PRIVATE COMPANIES Bilateral Agreement, Quality and Safety Aspect Technology Follow up Distribution and Marketing THANK YOU!
COMMENTS, SUGGESTION AND QUESTIONS ARE WARMLY WELCOME!!!