AYEYAWADY REGION, HINTHADA DISTRICT Zalun Township Report

Home , Hinthada District, Zalun Township

THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR

The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census AYEYAWADY REGION, HINTHADA DISTRICT Zalun Township Report

Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population October 2017

The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census

Ayeyawady Region, Hinthada District

Zalun Township Report

Department of Population

Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population

Office No.48

Nay Pyi Taw

Tel: +95 67 431062

www.dop.gov.mm

October 2017

Figure 1 : Map of Ayeyawady Region, showing the townships

Zalun Township Figures at a Glance 1

Total Population 168,203 2 Population males 79,653 (47.4%) Population females 88,550 (52.6%) Percentage of urban population 12.6% Area (Km2) 640.9 3 Population density (per Km2) 262.5 persons Median age 28.9 years

Number of wards 5 Number of village tracts 66 Number of private households 42,073 Percentage of female headed households 20.5% Mean household size 3.9 persons 4

Percentage of population by age group Children (0 – 14 years) 28.2% Economically productive (15 – 64 years) 64.2% Elderly population (65+ years) 7.6%

Dependency ratios Total dependency ratio 55.7 Child dependency ratio 43.9 Old dependency ratio 11.8

Ageing index 27.0

Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 90

Literacy rate (persons aged 15 and over) 95.3% Male 97.4% Female 93.5%

People with disability Number Per cent Any form of disability 15,745 9.4 Walking 6,260 3.7 Seeing 10,539 6.3 Hearing 4,359 2.6 Remembering 5,427 3.2 Type of Identity Card (persons aged 10 and over) Number Per cent Citizenship Scrutiny 95,173 69.3 Associate Scrutiny 45 < 0.1 Naturalised Scrutiny 165 0.1 National Registration 1,889 1.4 Religious 472 0.3 Temporary Registration 75 0.1 Foreign Registration * < 0.1 Foreign Passport 21 < 0.1 None 39,505 28.8

Labour Force (aged 15 – 64) Both sexes Male Female Labour force participation rate 68.4% 87.2% 52.0% Unemployment rate 1.8% 1.6% 2.1% Employment to population ratio 67.1% 85.8% 50.9%

Ownership of housing unit (Tenure) Number Per cent Owner 41,347 98.3 Renter 224 0.5 Provided free (individually) 326 0.8 Government quarters 131 0.3 Private company quarters * < 0.1 Other 31 0.1

Material for housing Wall Floor Roof Dhani/Theke/In leaf 1.2% 46.8% Bamboo 77.1% 33.1% 0.1% Earth < 0.1% 0.4% Wood 17.2% 63.8% 0.1% Corrugated sheet 0.1% 52.9% Tile/Brick/Concrete 3.1% 2.3% < 0.1% Other 1.2% 0.4% < 0.1%

Main source of energy for cooking Number Per cent Electricity 1,048 2.5 LPG * < 0.1 Kerosene 137 0.3 Biogas * < 0.1 Firewood 39,703 94.4 Charcoal 236 0.6 Coal 29 0.1 Other 892 2.1 Main source of energy for lighting Number Per cent Electricity 5,479 13.0 Kerosene 12,033 28.6 Candle 7,963 18.9 Battery 13,209 31.4 Generator (private) 1,798 4.3 Water mill (private) 22 0.1 Solar system/energy 1,263 3.0 Other 306 0.7

Main source of drinking water Number Per cent Tap water/piped 93 0.2 Tube well, borehole 36,670 87.2 Protected well/spring 2,112 5.0 Bottled/purifier water 368 0.9 Total Improved Water Sources 39,243 93.3 Unprotected well/spring 53 0.1 Pool/pond/lake 722 1.7 River/stream/canal 1,934 4.6 Waterfall/rainwater 63 0.2 Other 58 0.1 Total Unimproved Water Sources 2,830 6.7

Main source of water for non-drinking use Number Per cent Tap water/piped 105 0.2 Tube well, borehole 37,558 89.3 Protected well/spring 1,849 4.4 Unprotected well/spring 53 0.1 Pool/pond/lake 487 1.2 River/stream/canal 1,925 4.6 Waterfall/rainwater * < 0.1 Bottled/purifier water * < 0.1 Other 75 0.2 Type of toilet Number Per cent Flush 311 0.8 Water seal (Improved pit latrine) 38,215 90.8 Total Improved Sanitation 38,526 91.6 Pit (Traditional pit latrine) 776 1.8 Bucket (Surface latrine) 602 1.4 Other 105 0.3 None 2,064 4.9

Availability of communication amenities Number Per cent Radio 17,700 42.1 Television 15,633 37.2 Landline phone 1,912 4.5 Mobile phone 8,263 19.6 Computer 293 0.7 Internet at home 873 2.1 Households with none of the items 15,057 35.8 Households with all of the items 52 0.1

Availability of Transportation equipment Number Per cent Car/Truck/Van 162 0.4 Motorcycle/Moped 9,540 22.7 Bicycle 21,489 51.1 4-Wheel tractor 1,552 3.7 Canoe/Boat 3,953 9.4 Motor boat 1,067 2.5 Cart (bullock) 8,975 21.3 Note: 1 Population figures for Zalun Township are as of 29th March 2014.

2 Includes both household population and institution population.

3 Settlement and Land Record Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, (2014-2015)

4 Calculated based on conventional household population

* Less than 20. Contents Introduction ...... 3

Census information on Zalun Township ...... 5

(A) Demographic Characteristics ...... 7

(B) Religion ...... 13

(D) Economic Characteristics ...... 18

(E) Identity Cards ...... 24

(F) Disability ...... 25

(G) Housing Conditions and Household Amenities ...... 28

Type of housing unit ...... 28

Type of toilet ...... 29

Source of drinking water ...... 31

Source of lighting ...... 33

Type of cooking fuel ...... 35

Communication and related amenities ...... 37

Transportation items ...... 39

(H) Fertility and Mortality ...... 40

Fertility ...... 40

Childhood Mortality and Maternal Mortality ...... 42

Definitions and Concepts ...... 44

List of Contributors ...... 48

Introduction

In April 2014, the Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar conducted its latest census, after three decades without a Population and Housing Census. In the post-independence period, comprehensive population and housing censuses were only successfully undertaken in 1973, 1983 and most recently in April 2014.

Censuses are an important source of benchmark information on the characteristics of the population and households in every country. One unique feature of a census is its ability to provide information down to the lowest administrative level. Such information is vital for planning and evidence based decision-making at every level. Additional data uses include allocation of national resources; the review of administrative boundaries; the positioning of social infrastructures, drawing national development plans, service provision and developing social infrastructure, and for humanitarian preparedness and response.

The results of the 2014 Census have been published so far in a number of volumes. The first was the Provisional Results released in August 2014. The Census Main Results were launched in May 2015. These included The Union Report, Highlights of the Main Results, and reports of each of the 15 States and Regions. The reports on Occupation and Industry and Religion were launched in March 2016 and July 2016, respectively. All the publications are available online at http://www.dop.gov.mm/ and http:// myanmar. unfpa.org/node/15104.

The current set of the 2014 Census publications comprise township and sub-township reports. Their preparation involved collaborative efforts of the Department of Population and UNFPA. This report contains selected demographic and socio-economic characteristics of Zalun Township in Ayeyawady Region. The information included in this report is the situation of 2014 March 29, Census night. Township level information is very important. However, the level of confidence of township estimates is not the same as Union level information. Some of the townships have relatively small populations; the interpretation of these estimates should be made with caution. Some of the indicators, such as IMR/U5MR, were adopted only after careful analysis considering a number of factors to ensure consistency in the results. Estimates for townships with relatively small number of observations should not be taken as exact estimates of the mortality level, but rather they should be regarded as reasonable indicators for the scale of mortality risk they experience, an indication of which townships are better off and which are in a more vulnerable situation.

Census information on Zalun Township

(A) Demographic Characteristics

Total population 168,203 *

Males 79,653

Females 88,550

Sex ratio 90 males per 100 females

Percentage of urban population 12.6%

Area (Km2) 640.9 **

Population density (persons per Km2) 262.5 Persons

Number of wards 5

Number of village tracts 66

Total Urban Rural

Population in conventional households 166,163 20,727 145,436

Number of conventional households 42,073 5,257 36,816

Mean household size 3.9 Persons ***

• In Zalun Township, there are more females than males with 90 males per 100 females.

• The majority of the people in the Township live in rural areas with only (12.6%) living in urban areas.

• The population density of Zalun Township is 263 persons per square kilometre.

• There are 3.9 persons living in each household in Zalun Township. This is a slightly lower than the Union average.

Note: * Includes both household population and institution population.

** Settlement and Land Record Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, (2014-2015)

*** Calculated based on conventional household population.

7 Table 1: Population and number of conventional households by sex by ward and village tract; Zalun Township (Hinthada District, Ayeyawady Region) No. of Population Sr Ward/Village Tract Conventional households Total Males Females Total 42,073 168,203 79,653 88,550 Ward 5,257 21,254 9,969 11,285

1 Kan Nar(W) 306 1,289 635 654 2 Lan Ma Taw (North)(W) 1,191 4,829 2,168 2,661 3 Lan Ma Taw (South)(W) 843 3,469 1,582 1,887 4 San Tan(W) 754 3,143 1,570 1,573 5 Nyaung Pin Zay(W) 2,163 8,524 4,014 4,510 Village Tract 36,816 146,949 69,684 77,265

1 La Maing(VT) 363 1,526 738 788 2 Tha Hpan Kone(VT) 519 1,976 926 1,050 3 Ma Yoe Kha(VT) 480 1,694 776 918 4 Nyaung Pin Thar(VT) 576 2,165 997 1,168 5 Pa Kwe(VT) 868 3,121 1,459 1,662 6 Pa Kwe Yae Le(VT) 406 1,463 685 778 7 Yae Le(VT) 1,539 6,252 3,012 3,240 8 Kywa Man(VT) 79 337 166 171 9 Myit Wa(VT) 682 2,808 1,388 1,420 10 Nan Taw Kyun(VT) 974 4,008 1,894 2,114 11 Yae Twin Kone(VT) 454 1,760 851 909 12 Lay Tu (East)(VT) 330 1,541 712 829 13 Htone Ta Po(VT) 1,285 5,289 2,619 2,670 14 Oke Shit Kwin(VT) 790 2,946 1,374 1,572 15 Tha Yet Ta Pin (North)(VT) 453 1,840 879 961 16 Tha Yet Ta Pin (South)(VT) 654 2,582 1,213 1,369 17 Lein Kone(VT) 733 2,865 1,371 1,494 18 Ah Shoke Kwin(VT) 214 789 373 416 19 Yin Ma Lut(VT) 544 2,105 1,002 1,103 20 Byin Nyar(VT) 148 570 268 302 21 GyanTaik(VT) 709 2,523 1,202 1,321

8 Table 1: (Continued) No. of Population Sr Ward/Village Tract Conventional households Total Males Females

22 Kawt Sein(VT) 719 2,910 1,357 1,553 23 Kawt Kat Gyi(VT) 326 1,284 613 671 24 Kawt Kat Kha Lay(VT) 440 1,833 852 981 25 Kyon Kawt(VT) 333 1,310 623 687 26 Pet Tan(VT) 797 3,331 1,552 1,779 27 Ma Har Thar(VT) 675 2,620 1,186 1,434 28 Pyin Wa(VT) 221 826 378 448 29 Ta Khun Taing(VT) 255 1,049 504 545 30 Sin Myay Sar(VT) 126 565 285 280 31 War Pa Taw(VT) 448 1,780 867 913 32 Min Da Yei(VT) 150 627 297 330 33 Thar Du Chaung(VT) 1,555 6,412 3,000 3,412 34 Ku Toet Seik(VT) 900 3,584 1,736 1,848 35 Nyein Aye(VT) 1,582 6,772 3,215 3,557 36 Son Kone(VT) 636 2,671 1,299 1,372 37 Ah Htut(VT) 993 3,924 1,915 2,009 38 Hpar Let Kho(VT) 632 2,443 1,126 1,317 39 Kyon Sha(VT) 507 2,085 976 1,109 40 Zaw Gyi Kwin(VT) 907 3,691 1,737 1,954 41 Hpet Thaung(VT) 630 2,736 1,313 1,423 42 Da Nu Bay(VT) 377 1,409 641 768 43 Ah Byin(VT) 330 1,349 647 702 44 May Yi Lan(VT) 402 1,664 759 905 45 Kyar Inn(VT) 1,037 4,153 2,021 2,132 46 Auk(VT) 304 1,189 542 647 47 Thet Kei Kyun(VT) 867 3,496 1,631 1,865 48 Kyon Ei(VT) 559 2,142 994 1,148 49 Kyon Mat(VT) 264 1,082 525 557 50 Kyon Kyaik(VT) 225 939 450 489

9 Table 1: (Continued) No. of Population Sr Ward/Village Tract Conventional households Total Males Females 51 Inn Ta Yaw(VT) 486 2,028 961 1,067 52 Pyin Ma Kone (West)(VT) 363 1,340 638 702 53 Hne Mauk Tan(VT) 428 1,732 817 915 54 Pyin Ma Kone (East)(VT) 290 1,151 544 607 55 Sun Pi(VT) 259 992 478 514 56 Ka Tawt Ka Yat(VT) 477 1,802 866 936 57 Lay Tu (West)(VT) 145 579 278 301 58 Yin Taik Kone(VT) 445 1,713 809 904 59 Thea Kone(VT) 293 1,127 522 605 60 Kyon Ta Naw (South)(VT) 199 735 352 383 61 Kyon Kha Mun(VT) 157 611 290 321 62 Kyon Ta Naw (North)(VT) 140 513 242 271 63 Oe Bo(VT) 422 1,743 840 903 64 Daunt Gyi(VT) 593 2,207 1,021 1,186 65 Tha Yet Chaung(VT) 339 1,402 670 732 66 Taung Boet Ta Yar(VT) 1,783 7,238 3,410 3,828

10 Figure 2: Population by broad age groups, Table 2: Population by 5-year age groups, Zalun Township Zalun Township

Age groups Total Males Females Total 168,203 79,653 88,550 0 - 4 15,092 7,673 7,419 5 - 9 15,764 7,939 7,825 10 - 14 16,571 8,407 8,164 15 - 19 14,059 6,929 7,130 20 - 24 12,432 5,829 6,603 25 - 29 12,799 5,903 6,896 30 - 34 12,267 5,702 6,565 35 - 39 12,080 5,573 6,507 40 - 44 10,978 5,060 5,918 45 - 49 9,911 4,594 5,317 50 - 54 9,427 4,281 5,146 55 - 59 7,870 3,610 4,260 60 - 64 6,158 2,750 3,408 65 - 69 3,973 1,702 2,271 70 - 74 3,103 1,299 1,804 75 - 79 2,835 1,210 1,625 80 - 84 1,782 747 1,035 85 - 89 778 313 465 90 + 324 132 192

• The proportion of productive working population between 15 to 64 years of age in Zalun Township is 64.2 per cent.

• The proportion of children aged 14 and below together with the proportion of the elderly aged 65 and over are less than the proportion of the working age group population.

• Fewer proportions of children and elderly reduce the dependency of those age groups on the working age population.

11 Figure 3: Population pyramid (Union, Ayeyawady Region, Hinthada District and Zalun Township)

• The birth rate has been noticeably declining in Zalun Township since the last 10 years.

• The population is considerably large at 10-14 age group and it has markedly started declining from age group 15-19 onwards.

• Compared to Union level, the proportion of working age group 15-64 population in Zalun Township is slightly less than that of the Union.

• Starting from age group 15-19, there are less males than females in all age groups.

12 (B) Religion

• At the Union level, the composition of the population by religion is: 87.9% Buddhist, 6.2% Christian, 4.3% Islam, 0.5% Hindu, 0.8% Animist, 0.2% Other religion and 0.1% No religion.

• In Ayeyawady Region, it is 92.2% Buddhist, 6.3% Christian, 1.4% Islam, 0.1% Hindu, 0.1% Other religion and less than 0.1% each for Animist and those with No religion respectively.

Note: * Less than 0.1 per cent.

13 (C) Education

Table 3: Population aged 5 - 29 and current school attendance by sex by age

Total population Currently attending Age Total Males Females Total Males Females

5 3,275 1,599 1,676 1,132 561 571

6 3,129 1,594 1,535 2,625 1,327 1,298

7 3,227 1,695 1,532 2,846 1,497 1,349

8 2,987 1,426 1,561 2,646 1,264 1,382

9 3,012 1,503 1,509 2,615 1,293 1,322

10 3,179 1,606 1,573 2,740 1,399 1,341

11 3,058 1,506 1,552 2,493 1,231 1,262

12 3,243 1,596 1,647 2,423 1,236 1,187

13 3,472 1,666 1,806 2,169 1,067 1,102

14 3,126 1,560 1,566 1,619 835 784

15 3,063 1,490 1,573 1,247 596 651

16 2,639 1,271 1,368 809 366 443

17 2,772 1,344 1,428 631 274 357

18 2,798 1,327 1,471 498 198 300

19 2,463 1,197 1,266 291 123 168

20 2,908 1,373 1,535 240 104 136

21 2,317 1,064 1,253 129 51 78

22 2,438 1,123 1,315 72 41 31

23 2,408 1,125 1,283 45 24 21

24 2,221 1,025 1,196 26 14 12

25 2,804 1,265 1,539 23 9 14

26 2,358 1,108 1,250 17 10 7

27 2,499 1,118 1,381 11 6 5

28 2,678 1,240 1,438 11 7 4

29 2,340 1,076 1,264 8 6 2

14 • School attendance in Zalun Township drops after age 11 for males and after age 9 for females.

• Compared to the Union, the school attendance of males and females in Zalun Township is higher at school going age up to 10 years but declines than that of the Union after age 11 onwards.

15 Figure 7: Literacy rate, Ayeyawady Region (aged 15 and over)

Union : 89.5%

Ayeyawady Region : 93.8%

Hinthada District : 95.7%

Zalun Township : 95.3%

16 Table 4: Youth literacy rate (15 - 24), Zalun Township

Total Literacy Rate Sex Population (15 - 24) (15 - 24)

Total 26,027 97.4

Males 12,339 97.8

Females 13,688 96.9

• The literacy rate of those aged 15 and over in Zalun Township is 95.3 per cent. It is higher than the literacy rate of Ayeyawady Region (93.8%) and the Union (89.5%). Female literacy rate is 93.5 per cent and for the males it is 97.4 per cent.

• The literacy rate for youth aged 15-24 is 97.4 per cent with 96.9 per cent for females and 97.8 per cent for males.

Table 5: Population aged 25 and over by highest level of education completed, urban/rural and sex

Primary school Middle school High school Post- % Never University/ Vocational Total None (grade (grade Diploma graduate Other attended College training (grade 1 - 4) (grade 5) 6 - 9) 10 - 11) and above

Total 94,285 8,992 9.5 23,238 33,757 15,201 6,560 142 4,134 105 68 2,088

Urban 12,467 990 7.9 2,024 3,309 2,544 1,809 36 1,655 38 25 37

Rural 81,818 8,002 9.8 21,214 30,448 12,657 4,751 106 2,479 67 43 2,051

Males 42,876 3,299 7.7 8,632 15,162 8,958 3,956 84 1,658 36 44 1,047

Females 51,409 5,693 11.1 14,606 18,595 6,243 2,604 58 2,476 69 24 1,041

• Some 9.5 per cent of the population aged 25 and over have never been to school.

• Of the rural population aged 25 and over, 9.8 per cent have never been to school.

• There are 7.7 per cent of males aged 25 and over who have never attended school as against 11.1 per cent for females.

• Among those aged 25 and over, 35.8 per cent has completed primary school (grade 5) and only 4.4 per cent has completed university/college education.

17 (D) Economic Characteristics

Table 6: Population aged 10 and over by labour force participation rate and unemployment rate by sex and age group

Labour Force Participation Rate Unemployment Rate Age groups Total Males Females Total Males Females

10 -14 15.1 15.1 15.1 7.5 8.0 7.1

15 - 19 58.1 65.2 51.2 5.0 5.4 4.5

20 - 24 74.4 89.1 61.4 5.4 4.2 6.9

25 - 29 73.2 92.1 57.0 2.3 2.2 2.4

30 - 34 71.7 92.6 53.6 1.1 1.1 1.2

35 - 39 71.4 92.6 53.2 0.6 0.7 0.5

40 - 44 70.7 92.5 52.0 0.4 0.3 0.4

45 - 49 70.5 92.7 51.4 0.2 0.1 0.2

50 - 54 67.9 91.5 48.3 0.2 0.2 0.1

55 - 59 64.5 88.6 44.2 0.3 0.4 -

60 - 64 55.1 78.2 36.4 * * -

65 - 69 44.6 66.4 28.3 0.1 0.1 0.2

70 - 74 28.7 47.5 15.2 0.2 0.2 0.4

75 + 16.9 28.0 8.9 0.2 - 0.7

15 - 24 65.8 76.1 56.1 5.2 4.7 5.8

15 - 64 68.4 87.2 52.0 1.8 1.6 2.1

Note: * Less than 0.1 per cent.

18 • Labour force participation rate for the population aged 15-64 in Zalun Township is 68.4 per cent.

• The labour force participation rate of females is 52.0 per cent and is much lower than that of their male counterparts which is 87.2 per cent.

• In Zalun Township, labour force participation rate for the population aged 10-14 is 15.1 per cent.

• The unemployment rate for those aged 15-64 in Zalun Township is 1.8 per cent. There is not much difference between males and females with unemployment rate for males (1.6%) and for females (2.1%).

• The unemployment rate for young females aged 15-24 is 5.8 per cent.

Table 7: Population aged 10 and over not in the labour force by usual activity status and sex

Usual activity status Sex Did not seek Full time Household Pensioner, Total Ill, disabled Other work student worker retired, elderly

Total 57,376 0.5 29.4 43.4 13.0 2.5 11.2

Males 16,554 1.2 50.9 2.1 17.8 4.2 23.9

Females 40,822 0.2 20.7 60.1 11.1 1.8 6.1

• Among those aged 10 and over who are not in the labour force, 50.9 per cent of males are full time students while 60.1 per cent of females are household workers.

19 Table 8: Employed persons aged 15 - 64 by occupation by sex

Employed persons Per cent Occupation Total Males Females Total Males Females

Total 71,999 42,688 29,311 100.0 100.0 100.0

Managers 251 133 118 0.3 0.3 0.4

Professionals 1,211 213 998 1.7 0.5 3.4

Technicians and Associate Professionals 480 280 200 0.7 0.7 0.7

Clerical Support Workers 768 482 286 1.1 1.1 1.0

Services and Sales Workers 5,832 1,995 3,837 8.1 4.7 13.1

Skilled Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Workers 36,919 23,337 13,582 51.3 54.7 46.3

Craft and Related Trades Workers 3,947 2,559 1,388 5.5 6.0 4.7

Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers 1,083 997 86 1.5 2.3 0.3

Elementary Occupations 19,473 11,942 7,531 27.0 28.0 25.7

Others ------

Not stated 2,035 750 1,285 2.8 1.8 4.4

20 • In Zalun Township, 51.3 per cent of the employed persons aged 15-64 are skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers and is the highest proportion, followed by 27.0 per cent in elementary occupations.

• Analysis by sex shows that 54.7 per cent of males and 46.3 per cent of females are skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers.

• In Ayeyawady Region, 47.5 per cent are skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers and 23.6 per cent are in elementary occupations.

21 Table 9: Employed persons aged 15 - 64 by industry by sex

Employed persons Per cent Industry Total Males Females Total Males Females

Total 71,999 42,688 29,311 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture, forestry and fishing 50,873 31,949 18,924 70.7 74.8 64.6

Mining and quarrying 19 14 5 * * *

Manufacturing 2,306 1,024 1,282 3.2 2.4 4.4

Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 52 51 1 0.1 0.1 *

Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities 48 44 4 0.1 0.1 *

Construction 1,593 1,545 48 2.2 3.6 0.2

Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 4,490 1,645 2,845 6.2 3.9 9.7

Transportation and storage 1,210 1,164 46 1.7 2.7 0.2

Accommodation and food service activities 1,764 532 1,232 2.5 1.2 4.2

Information and communication 38 25 13 0.1 0.1 *

Financial and insurance activities 85 35 50 0.1 0.1 0.2

Real estate activities ------

Professional, scientific and technical activities 38 29 9 0.1 0.1 *

Administrative and support service activities 132 84 48 0.2 0.2 0.2

Public administration including civil servants 793 567 226 1.1 1.3 0.8

Education 1,256 203 1,053 1.7 0.5 3.6

Human health and social work activities 238 84 154 0.3 0.2 0.5

Arts, entertainment and recreation 151 105 46 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other service activities 3,361 1,968 1,393 4.7 4.6 4.8

Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and services- 1,262 713 549 1.8 1.7 1.9 producing activities of households for own use

Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies 3 2 1 * * *

Not stated 2,287 905 1,382 3.2 2.1 4.7

Note: * Less than 0.1 per cent.

22 • In Zalun Township, the proportion of employed persons working in the industry of “Agriculture, forestry and fishing” is the highest with 70.7 per cent.

• The second highest industry is “Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles” at 6.2 per cent.

• There are 74.8 per cent of males and 64.6 per cent of females working in “Agriculture, forestry and fishing” industry.

• In Ayeyawady Region, there are 64.7 per cent of employed population working in “Agriculture, forestry and fishing” industry and 7.9 per cent in “Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles” industry.

23 (E) Identity Cards

Table 10: Population aged 10 and over by type of identity card, urban/rural and sex Naturalised National T e mporary Foreign Citizenship Associate Religious Foreign Scrutiny Registration Registration Registration None Scrutiny Card Scrutiny Card Card Passport Card Card Card Card Total 95,173 45 165 1,889 472 75 * 21 39,505

Urban 13,128 15 32 152 104 12 - 1 4,442

Rural 82,045 30 133 1,737 368 63 * 20 35,063

Males 45,886 27 109 663 441 44 * 8 16,862

Females 49,287 18 56 1,226 31 31 * 13 22,643

Note: * Less than 20 cards.

• In Zalun Township, 69.3 per cent of the population aged 10 and over have Citizenship Scrutiny Card while 28.8 per cent have none.

• Analysis by sex shows that 26.3 per cent of males and 30.9 per cent of females do not have any type of card.

Note: * Less than 0.1 per cent.

24 (F) Disability

Table 11: Population by disability prevalence rate and type of disability by sex by age group

Total Population Type of disability

Age groups Disability With any of 4 Total Not disabled prevalence Seeing Hearing Walking Remembering disabilities rate (%)

Total 168,203 152,458 15,745 9.4 10,539 4,359 6,260 5,427

0 - 4 15,092 14,686 406 2.7 44 32 254 274

5 - 9 15,764 15,499 265 1.7 55 63 89 158

10 - 14 16,571 16,277 294 1.8 72 68 90 148

15 - 19 14,059 13,784 275 2.0 113 49 73 106

20 - 24 12,432 12,183 249 2.0 77 44 77 103

25 - 29 12,799 12,503 296 2.3 108 59 95 105

30 - 34 12,267 11,849 418 3.4 144 96 122 146

35 - 39 12,080 11,583 497 4.1 228 113 157 154

40 - 44 10,978 10,117 861 7.8 570 108 195 213

45 - 49 9,911 8,631 1,280 12.9 963 176 280 284

50 - 54 9,427 7,897 1,530 16.2 1,159 222 417 348

55 - 59 7,870 6,232 1,638 20.8 1,258 296 462 385

60 - 64 6,158 4,524 1,634 26.5 1,220 402 590 467

65 - 69 3,973 2,562 1,411 35.5 1,034 397 586 469

70 - 74 3,103 1,709 1,394 44.9 1,053 507 712 508

75 - 79 2,835 1,396 1,439 50.8 1,059 635 797 595

80 - 84 1,782 682 1,100 61.7 841 602 711 541

85 - 89 778 259 519 66.7 376 330 369 271

90 + 324 85 239 73.8 165 160 184 152

25 Table 11: (Continued)

Total Population Type of disability

Age groups Disability With any of 4 Total Not disabled prevalence Seeing Hearing Walking Remembering disabilities rate (%)

Males 79,653 72,627 7,026 8.8 4,474 1,902 2,694 2,376

0 - 4 7,673 7,447 226 2.9 28 20 140 151

5 - 9 7,939 7,796 143 1.8 24 34 51 85

10 - 14 8,407 8,244 163 1.9 32 36 51 89

15 - 19 6,929 6,782 147 2.1 47 29 38 63

20 - 24 5,829 5,699 130 2.2 31 26 43 57

25 - 29 5,903 5,765 138 2.3 46 23 53 56

30 - 34 5,702 5,490 212 3.7 71 44 67 76

35 - 39 5,573 5,338 235 4.2 91 48 81 80

40 - 44 5,060 4,687 373 7.4 220 50 105 98

45 - 49 4,594 3,990 604 13.1 433 74 134 137

50 - 54 4,281 3,594 687 16.0 516 84 179 130

55 - 59 3,610 2,855 755 20.9 580 138 212 174

60 - 64 2,750 2,049 701 25.5 523 174 238 182

65 - 69 1,702 1,123 579 34.0 418 167 234 183

70 - 74 1,299 729 570 43.9 416 227 271 207

75 - 79 1,210 583 627 51.8 458 282 330 248

80 - 84 747 306 441 59.0 338 245 268 206

85 - 89 313 108 205 65.5 145 139 135 99

90 + 132 42 90 68.2 57 62 64 55

26 Table 11: (Continued)

Total Population Type of disability

Age groups Disability With any of 4 Total Not disabled prevalence Seeing Hearing Walking Remembering disabilities rate (%)

Females 88,550 79,831 8,719 9.8 6,065 2,457 3,566 3,051

0 - 4 7,419 7,239 180 2.4 16 12 114 123

5 - 9 7,825 7,703 122 1.6 31 29 38 73

10 - 14 8,164 8,033 131 1.6 40 32 39 59

15 - 19 7,130 7,002 128 1.8 66 20 35 43

20 - 24 6,603 6,484 119 1.8 46 18 34 46

25 - 29 6,896 6,738 158 2.3 62 36 42 49

30 - 34 6,565 6,359 206 3.1 73 52 55 70

35 - 39 6,507 6,245 262 4.0 137 65 76 74

40 - 44 5,918 5,430 488 8.2 350 58 90 115

45 - 49 5,317 4,641 676 12.7 530 102 146 147

50 - 54 5,146 4,303 843 16.4 643 138 238 218

55 - 59 4,260 3,377 883 20.7 678 158 250 211

60 - 64 3,408 2,475 933 27.4 697 228 352 285

65 - 69 2,271 1,439 832 36.6 616 230 352 286

70 - 74 1,804 980 824 45.7 637 280 441 301

75 - 79 1,625 813 812 50.0 601 353 467 347

80 - 84 1,035 376 659 63.7 503 357 443 335

85 - 89 465 151 314 67.5 231 191 234 172

90 + 192 43 149 77.6 108 98 120 97

• Nine in every 100 persons in Zalun Township have, at least, one form of disability. • Slightly more males than females have disability. • The prevalence of disability increases with age and it increases considerably after the age of 55. • Difficulties with seeing and walking were the most commonly mentioned forms of disability in the Township.

27 (G) Housing Conditions and Household Amenities

Type of housing unit Table 12: Conventional households by type of housing unit by urban/rural

Apartment/ Bungalow/ Semi-pacca Wooden Bamboo Hut 2 - 3 Residence Total Hut 1 year Other Condominium Brick house house house house ye ars

Total 42,073 0.1 1.4 2.6 39.1 55.0 1.1 0.5 0.1

Urban 5,257 0.5 4.8 7.2 45.0 41.5 0.5 0.3 0.2

Rural 36,816 * 0.9 1.9 38.3 57.0 1.2 0.5 0.1

Note: * Less than 0.1 per cent

• The majority of the households in Zalun Township are living in bamboo houses (55.0%) followed by households in wooden houses (39.1%).

• Some 45.0 per cent of urban households live in wooden houses and 57.0 per cent of rural households live in bamboo houses.

28 Type of toilet Figure 14: Proportion of households with access to improved sanitation

Union : 74.3%

Ayeyawady Region : 74.9%

Hinthada District : 83.6%

Zalun Township : 91.6%

29 Table 13: Conventional households by type of toilet by urban/rural

Type of toilet Total Urban Rural

Flush 0.8 2.3 0.5

Water seal (Improved pit latrine) 90.8 93.4 90.5

Improved sanitation 91.6 95.7 91.0

Pit (Traditional pit latrine) 1.8 0.7 2.0

Bucket (Surface latrine) 1.4 0.4 1.6

Other 0.3 - 0.3

None 4.9 3.2 5.1

Per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total Number 42,073 5,257 36,816

• Some 91.6 per cent of the households in Zalun Township have improved sanitation facilities (flush toilet (0.8%), water seal (improved pit latrine) (90.8%)).

• Compared to other townships in Ayeyawady Region, the proportion of households with improved sanitation facilities in Zalun Township belongs to the (74-96) per cent group.

• The proportion of households with improved sanitation facilities in Ayeyawady Region is 74.9 per cent while it is 74.3 per cent at the Union level.

• Some 4.9 per cent of the households in the township have no toilet facilities. For the entire Ayeyawady Region, it is 12.8 per cent.

• In the rural areas of Zalun Township, 5.1 per cent of the households have no toilet facilities.

30 Source of drinking water

Figure 15: Porporation of households with access to improved source of drinking water

Union : 69.5% Ayeyawady Region : 50.3% Hinthada District : 91.7% Zalun Township : 93.3%

31 Table 14: Conventional households by source of drinking water by urban/rural

Source of drinking water Total Urban Rural

Tap water/ Piped 0.2 0.2 0.2

Tube well, borehole 87.2 74.9 88.9

Protected well/ Spring 5.0 4.2 5.1

Bottled water/ Water purifier 0.9 5.8 0.2

Total improved drinking water 93.3 85.1 94.4

Unprotected well/Spring 0.1 0.1 0.1

Pool/Pond/ Lake 1.7 0.5 1.9

River/stream/ canal 4.6 13.2 3.4

Waterfall/ Rain water 0.2 1.1 *

Other 0.1 * 0.2

Total unimproved drinking water 6.7 14.9 5.6

Per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total Number 42,073 5,257 36,816

• In Zalun Township, 93.3 per cent of households use improved sources of drinking water (tap water/ piped, tube well, borehole, protected well/spring and bottled water/water purifier).

• Compared to other townships in Ayeyawady Region, it belongs to the range of (66-97) per cent and it is also higher than the Union average (69.5%).

• Some 87.2 per cent of the households use water from tube well/borehole and 5.0 per cent use water from protected well/spring.

• Some 6.7 per cent of the households use water from unimproved sources.

• In rural areas, 5.6 per cent of the households use water from unimproved sources for drinking water.

Note: * Less than 0.1 per cent.

32 Source of lighting Figure 16: Proportion of households using electricity for lighting

Union : 32.4%

Ayeyawady Region : 12.0%

Hinthada District : 15.6%

Zalun Township : 13.0%

33 Table 15: Conventional households by source of lighting by urban/rural

Source of lighting Total Urban Rural

Electricity 13.0 59.7 6.4

Kerosene 28.6 2.4 32.3

Candle 18.9 16.4 19.3

Battery 31.4 20.2 33.0

Generator (private) 4.3 0.2 4.9

Water mill (private) 0.1 - 0.1

Solar system/energy 3.0 0.6 3.3

Other 0.7 0.3 0.8

Per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total Number 42,073 5,257 36,816

• In Zalun Township, 13.0 per cent of the households use electricity for lighting. This proportion belongs to the (2-17) per cent group in electricity usage compared to other townships in Ayeyawady Region. The percentage of households that use electricity in Ayeyawady Region is 12.0 per cent.

• The use of battery for lighting is the highest in the township with 31.4 per cent.

• In rural areas, 33.0 per cent of the households use battery for lighting.

34 Type of cooking fuel Figure 17: Proportion of households using wood-related cooking fuel

Union : 81.0%

Ayeyawady Region : 92.7%

Hinthada District : 94.2%

Zalun Township : 95.0%

35 Table 16: Conventional households by type of cooking fuel by urban/rural

Type of cooking fuel Total Urban Rural

Electricity 2.5 15.7 0.6

LPG * * *

Kerosene 0.3 - 0.4

BioGas * 0.2 *

Firewood 94.4 74.2 97.2

Charcoal 0.6 3.0 0.2

Coal 0.1 0.5 *

Other 2.1 6.4 1.5

Per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total Number 42,073 5,257 36,816

• In Zalun Township, households mainly use wood-related fuels for cooking with 94.4 per cent using firewood and 0.6 per cent using charcoal.

• Only 2.5 per cent of households use electricity for cooking.

• Some 97.2 per cent of households in rural areas use firewood and 0.2 per cent use charcoal.

Note: * Less than 0.1 per cent.

36 Communication and related amenities

Table 17: Conventional households by availability of communication and related amenities by

urban/rural

Conventional Land line Mobile Internet at % with none of % with all of Residence Radio Television Computer households phone phone home the items the items

Total 42,073 42.1 37.2 4.5 19.6 0.7 2.1 35.8 0.1

Urban 5,257 29.0 58.9 8.4 40.7 3.4 9.0 25.6 0.5

Rural 36,816 43.9 34.1 4.0 16.6 0.3 1.1 37.2 0.1

• Some 42.1 per cent of the households in Zalun Township have access to radio and is the highest among the access of communication and related amenities. Some 58.9 per cent of households in urban areas have access to television, while 43.9 per cent of the household in rural areas reported having radio.

• In Zalun Township, 37.2 per cent of the households have access to television and about one half of the households (42.1%) reported having a radio.

37 Figure 19: Proportion of households with access to mobile phone

Union : 32.9%

Ayeyawady Region : 19.2%

Hinthada District : 19.1%

Zalun Township : 19.6%

• Only 19.6 per cent of the households in Zalun Township reported having mobile phones and it is 19.2 per cent in the entire Ayeyawady Region.

38 Transportation items Table 18: Conventional households by availability of transportation items by urban/rural

Region/District/ Conventional Car/Truck/ Motorcycle/ 4-Wheel Canoe/ Cart Bicycle Motor boat Township households Van Moped tractor Boat (bullock)

Ayeyawady Region 1,488,983 9,065 276,847 566,391 36,835 211,646 100,106 227,654

Urban 200,962 4,706 69,392 118,659 3,030 3,774 3,457 5,549

Rural 1,288,021 4,359 207,455 447,732 33,805 207,872 96,649 222,105

Hinthada District 298,452 1,963 83,150 173,403 6,875 15,188 3,357 86,261

Urban 40,789 919 15,404 27,637 499 557 264 1,493

Rural 257,663 1,044 67,746 145,766 6,376 14,631 3,093 84,768

Zalun Township 42,073 162 9,540 21,489 1,552 3,953 1,067 8,975

Urban 5,257 71 1,630 3,275 117 37 58 173

Rural 36,816 91 7,910 18,214 1,435 3,916 1,009 8,802

• In Zalun Township, 51.1 per cent of the households have bicycle as a means of transport and it is the highest proportion, followed by 22.7 per cent of households having motorcycle/moped.

• Analysis by urban/rural residence shows that the majority of the households mainly use bicycle as a means of transport.

39 (H) Fertility and Mortality

Fertility

• Age specific fertility rate is the highest at age group 25-29.

• For women aged 15-49, the total fertility rate is 2.6 children per woman and is slightly higher than the total fertility rate of 2.5 at the National level.

40 Figure 21: Total fertility rate

Union : 2.5

Ayeyawady Region : 2.8

Hinthada District : 2.3

Zalun Township : 2.6

41 • The expectation of life at birth in Ayeyawady Region is 63.6 years and is lower than that of National level at 64.7 years.

• The female life expectancy at 67.2 years is higher than that of the males at 60.2 years.

Childhood Mortality and Maternal Mortality

• The Infant and Under 5 mortality rates in Hinthada District are higher than the Union average. The Infant mortality in Hinthada District is 78 deaths under age one per 1,000 live births while Under 5 mortality is 94 deaths under age 5 per 1,000 live births.

• The Infant and Under 5 mortality rates in Zalun Township are lower than those in Ayeyawady Region and Hinthada District. The Infant mortality in Zalun is 74 per 1,000 live births and Under 5 mortality is 89 per 1,000 live births.

42 • In Ayeyawady Region, there are 354 women dying while during pregnancy/delivery or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy for every 100,000 live births.

• The maternal mortality ratio in Ayeyawady Region is higher than that of the Union level.

• Compared to the average maternal mortality ratio of 140 for Southeast Asian countries, the maternal mortality ratio of 282 for Myanmar is high.

43 Definitions and Concepts

Population: The population in this report corresponds to the de-facto population of Myanmar on Census Night (see below).

th th Census Night: The night between the 29 and the 30 March 2014. Every person in Myanmar was enumerated where they spent the Census Night.

Rural area: Areas classified by the Department of General Administration (GAD) as village tracts. Generally these are areas with low population density and a land use which is predominantly agricultural.

Urban area: Areas classified by the GAD as wards. Generally these areas have an increased density of building structures, population and better infrastructural development.

Population Density: The population density relates to the number of persons in a given administrative area to the surface of the area, expressed in square kilometres (Km2). Areas covered by water are excluded from the calculation.

Mean Household Size: The average number of persons per household (people living in households divided by number of conventional households).

Sex ratio: The number of males for every 100 females in a population.

Dependency ratio: The total dependency ratio is the ratio of dependents (people younger than 15 years and older than 64) to the population of working-age (age 15-64). Data are shown as the proportion of dependents per 100 working-age population. Three different measures can be calculated: total dependency ratio, child dependency ratio and old age dependency ratio.

Child Dependency Ratio: is the proportion of people younger than 15 years to the working age population (15-64).

Old Dependency Ratio: is the proportion of people older than 64 years to the working age population (15-64).

Ageing Index: The number of persons aged 65 years and over per 100 people under the age of 15 years.

Median Age: The age that divides a population into two numerically equal groups; that is, half the people are younger than this age and half are older.

Education: Education is the process by which people learn through instruction and teaching. The 2014 MPHC placed an emphasis on literacy skills, school attendance and educational attainment. The other categorisations used under education were:

(a) Literacy: The ability to read and write in any language with reasonable understanding.

(b) School attendance: The attendance at any regular educational institution or systematic instruction at any level of education during the last 12 months. This included schooling at pre-primary, primary, middle, high school and tertiary institutions of higher learning. The options were: (a) Currently attending; (b) Attended previously; (c) Never attended.

44 (c) Educational Attainment: The highest grade/standard/diploma/degree completed within the most advanced level attended in the education system of the country where the education was received. It covered both public and private institutions accredited by government.

Disability: Disability is a situation where a person is at a greater risk than the general population of experiencing restrictions in performing routine activities (including activities of daily living) or participating in roles (such as work) if no supportive measures are offered. The difficulties covered in the 2014 census included:

(a) Walking difficulty(wheel chairs, crutches, limping, problems climbing steps);

(b) Seeing difficulty(low vision, blind);

(d) Mental/Intellectual difficulty(slow learning development making it hard to compete with their counterparts at school, other mental conditions).

Identity card: An identity card is a document used to verify aspects of a person›s personal identity. There are several types of identity cards issued by the Government of Myanmar, and national passports in the case of foreigners.

Labour Force Status: According to the type of usual economic activities during the 12 months before Census Night, all persons 10 years of age and over were classified as follows:

Labour Force: The Labour force is a general term covering “employed” and “unemployed” persons in the population.

Employed: “Employed” persons refer to those who did any work during the time of the week before the census date or worked for more than 6 months in the 12 months before the census date for pay or profit, such as a wage, salary, allowance, business profit, etc. Also included in this category were persons

45 working in family businesses, on a farm, in a store, in a private hospital etc., even though they were not paid any wages.

Unemployed: “Unemployed” persons refer to those who had no work but were able to work and actually seeking a job during the reference period, or at the time of the census enumeration.

Not in labour force: This category comprised persons who had no work and did not make any positive efforts to find a job during the 6 months before the census date or were unable to work. This included full time students, household work, elderly people, etc.

Employment Status: All employed persons were classified according to the economic activity status in the place where they worked during the last 12 months or if they worked in more than one place, where they worked most of the time. There were five employment categories:

(a) Employee (Government): those employed and working for government including in state organisation institutions.

(b) Employee (Private organisation): those employed and working for private employers or private organisations. All people in private companies, NGOs, international organisations, retail and wholesale enterprises fell under this category.

(c) Employer: persons who during the reference period worked in their own business, which also employed one or more other persons.

(d) Own account worker: self-employed persons who worked in their own business or worked in their own/family business for family gain and did not have any employees.

(e) Unpaid family worker: persons who worked in a business, farm, trade or professional enterprise operated by a member of the household/family and received no pay.

Labour force participation rate: The labour force participation rate is the ratio between the labour force and the overall size of the total population of the same age range. This is an important indicator as it portrays the proportion of the population that is economically active.

Labour force Labour force = (Employed + Unemployed) x 100 participation rate Total Population

Unemployment rate: The percentage of the total labour force that is unemployed but actively seeking employment and willing to work. These are people who are without work, looking for jobs and available for work.

Unemployed Unemployment rate = x 100 Labour force (Employed + Unemployed)

46 Employment to population ratio: A statistical ratio that measures the proportion of the country’s working-age population (ages 15 to 64) that is employed. The International Labour Organization (ILO) states that a person is considered employed if they have worked at least 1 hour in “gainful” employment in the most recent week.

Employment to Employed = x 100 population ratio Total Population

Occupation: Occupation refers to the kind of work an employed person did in the establishment during the 12 months (reference period) before the census date. Put differently, occupation is the kind of work done during the last 12 months by the person employed, regardless of the industry of the establishment. In the 2014 Myanmar Census, field data collectors were instructed to collect a detailed description of the work being done such as accounts clerk, data entry operator (clerk), legal secretary, domestic worker, fisherman, human resource manager, etc. If an employed person was engaged in two or more jobs, the kind of work was decided by the work in which he/she was mainly engaged in, that is in terms of time. The occupational classification is based on the ISCO 2008.

Industry: Industry refers to the main activity of the establishment where an employed person usually worked during the 12 months (reference period) before the census date. In the 2014 Myanmar Census, industry was explained to the enumerators as the type of economic activity carried out at the person’s place of work. It is defined in terms of the kind of goods produced or services supplied by the enterprise in which the person works and not necessarily the specific duties or functions of the person’s job. For example, a clerical officer working in stores within a factory that makes television sets. The industry should be recorded as manufacture of electrical goods. If an employed person worked in two or more establishments, “industry” was decided by the establishment where he/she worked most. The industrial classification is based on the ISIC Revision 4.

Live Birth: A live birth is one where the infant shows one or more of the following signs of life immediately after birth: crying or similar sounds, movement of the limbs or any other parts of the body and/or any other tangible signs of life. The census was concerned only with children born alive. Also collected was information on the last live birth of ever married female respondents.

Total fertility rate (TFR): The average number of children that a woman would give birth to if all women lived to the end of their childbearing years and bore children according to the current schedule of age-specific fertility rates.

Age specific fertility rate (ASFR):The age-specific fertility rate measures the annual number of births to women of a specified age or age group per 1,000 women in that age group. Unless otherwise specified, the reference period for the age-specific fertility rates is the calendar year.

47 List of Contributors

Contributors to the Ayeyawady Region, Hinthada District, Zalun Township Report

Name Institution Role Prepared by Daw Mar Mar Oo Staff Officer, Department of Population Leader Daw Le` Le` Win Junior Clerk, Department of Population Assistant Daw Ni Ni Than Junior Clerk, Department of Population Assistant

Translator and Reviewer Daw Tin Tin Nyunt UNFPA Consultant Translation and Review

Data Processing and IT Team Programming and generation Daw Sandar Myint Deputy Director, Department of Population of tables Immigration Assistant, Daw Su Myat Oo Generation of tables Department of Population Daw Aye Thiri Zaw Junior Clerk, Department of Population Generation of tables

Daw Lin Lin Mar Staff Officer, Department of Population Generation of maps Assistant Computer Operator, Daw Cho Cho Than Generation of maps Department of Population Daw Khine Sabbe Tun Junior Clerk, Department of Population Generation of maps

Designer

U Naing Phyo Kyaw Staff Officer, Department of Population Graphic Designer

U Nay Linn Htike Junior Clerk, Department of Population Graphic Designer

48 49 The Townships Reports can be downloaded at :