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Burma. Gazetteer Henzada District

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Burma. Gazetteer Henzada District BURMA. GAZETTEER HENZADA DISTRICT VOLUME A COMPILED BY MR. W. S. MORRISON, I.C.S. (ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER), SETTLEMENT OFFICER SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRINTING AND STATIONERY, RANGOON. LIST OF AGENTS FROM WHOM GOVERNMENT OF BURMA PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE IN BURMA 1. CITY BOOK CLUB, 98, Phayre Street, Rangoon. 2. PROPRIETOR, THU-DHAMA-WADI PRESS, 55-56, Tees Kai Maung Khine Street, Rangoon. 3. PROPRIETOR, BURMA NEWS AGENCY, 135, Anawrahta Street, Rangoon. 4. MANAGER, UNION PUBLISHING HOUSE, 94, "C" Block, Bogyoke Market, Rangoon. 5. THE SECRETARY, PEOPLE'S LITERATURS COMMITTEE AND HOUSE, 546, Merchant Street, Rangoon, 6. THE BURMA TRANSLATION SOCIETY, 520, Merchant Street, Rangoon. 7. MESSERS. K. BIN HOON & SONS, Nyaunglebin, Pegu District. 8. U LU GALE, GOVERNMENT LAW BOOK AGENT, 34th Road, Nyaungzindan Quarter, Mandalay. 9. THE NATIONAL BOOK DEPOT AND STATIONERY SUPPLY HOUSE, North Godown, Zegyo, Mandalay. 10. KNOWLEDGE BOOK HOUSE, 130, Bogyoke Street, Rangoon. 11. AVA HOUSE, 232, Sule Pagoda Road, Rangoon. 12. S.K. DEY, BOOK SUPPLIER & NEWS AGENTS (In Strand Hotel), 92, Strand Road, Rangoon. 13. AGAWALL BOOKSHOP, Lanmadaw, Myitkyina. 14. SHWE OU DAUNG STORES, BOOK SELLERS & STATIONERS, No. 267, South Bogyoke Road, Moulmein. 15. U AUNG TIN, YOUTH STATIONERY STORES, Main Road, Thaton. 16. U MAUNG GYI, AUNG BROTHER BOOK STALL, Minmu Road, Monywa. 17. SHWSHINTHA STORES, Bogyoke Road, Lashio, N.S.S. 18. L. C. BARUA, PROPRIETOR, NATIONAL STORES, No. 16-17, Zegyaung Road, Basein. 19. DAW AYE KYI, No. 42-44 (in Bazaar) Book Stall, Maungmya. 20. DOBAMA U THEIN, PROPRIETOR, DOBAMA BOOK STALL, No. 6, Bogyoke Street, Henzada. 21. SMART AND MOOKERDUM, No. 221, Sule Pagoda Road, Rangoon. 22. DAw KYI KYI SINT, STATIONERY MART, Bo Aung Road (E-Road), Pyinmans. 23. ZWE LITERARY BOWER, No. 195 (B-1), 33rd Street, Rangoon. 24. B. B. BOWER, NEWS BURMA BOOK STALL, 28-27, Merchant Street, Bassein. IN INDIA 1. MESSERS. HIGGINBOTHAMS LTD., Post Box No. 311, Madras (India). 2. MESSERS. THACKER SPINK & Co. (1933) LTD., Post Box No. 54-3, Esplanade, East Calcutta (West Bengal). CONTENTS CHAPTER I. Physical Description. PAGES. Position and Boundaries; History of the Constitution of the District- Area; General Description:- Scenery; Natural Characteristics ; Mountains:- Allantaung; Rivers:-Irrawaddy and tributaries; Ngawun and tributaries; Daga; Lakes; Geology; Fauna; Climate; Temperature 1-15 CHAPTER II. History and Archaeology PART I. EARLY HISTORY UP TO 1753 A.D. Legend of Ummadandi; Founding of Kyangin; Founding of Myanaung and Henzada: General remarks 15-18 PART II. HISTORY IN BURMESE TIMES. The conquests of Alaungpaya; Changing of name of Lunse to Myanaung; Deputation from East India Company to Alaungpaya; Founding of Kanaung; Second depu tation from East India Company; Insurrection of Talaings; Invasion of Arakan; Colonel Symes' embassy to Ava 18-22 PART III. MODERN HISTORY FROM 1824. First Burmese War; Interval between First and Second Bur mese Wars; Second Burmese War; Guerilla Warfare and Dacoity; Formation of Henzada district; History from pacification of district to present day; Mayoka rebellion 22-28 PART IV. ACRHEOLOGY. Ummadandi pagodas; Buildings in Henzada town; Pyidawbyan image; Pagodas of Myanaung; Indaing pagoda 28-31 ii CONTENTS. PAGES. CHAPTER III. The People. Population; Effect of district boundaries on growth of population; First Censuses and earlier Thugyis' Re turns; Censuses of 1881, 1891, 1901 and 1911; Immi gration and Emigration; Races; Pyus; Talaings; Burroans:- General character:- Villages ; Houses ; Clothing; Food. drink, etc.; Religion:- Karens; Distri bution; General character:- Food and clothing; Villages and Houses; Religion:- Christians; Roman Catholic Mission: American Baptist Mission; Chins; Chinese; Indians; Hindus; Mahomedans; Other races 32-57 CHAPTER IV. Agriculture, Embankments and Fisheries. Tenures; Primitive conditions; Development into modern conditions; Occupied area and waste land; Drainage; Soils; Rainfall, drought and floods; Irrigation and protective works; Cost of living and prosperity of agri culturists; Indebtedness; Co-operative Credit Societies; Government loans; Chief crops and their cultivation; Pests; Implements; Manures; Wages of labour; Cost of cultivation: Cattle; Landlords and tenants; Rents; Sales; Mortgages; Methods of sale and mortgage; Prices of unhusked rice; Embankments; Fisheries 58-90 CHAPTER V. Forests and Minerals. Forests. Historical; Beginning of conservancy; General description; Limits of division; Area; Reserves; Minor Forest produce; Sawmills and sawpits; Reve nue; Floating streams 90-94 Minerals.- Coal; Petroleum; Graphite; Iron Pyrites; Road metal 94-96 CHAPTER VI. Occupations and Trade. Arts and Industries.- Wood-carving:- Silversmiths : Fish ing; Weaving; Boat-building; Tanning and sandal making; Blacksmiths; Pottery; Masons; Basket and mat makers. Trade.-Transport; Grain dealers; Shop keepers; Factory industries 96-102 CONTENTS. iii PAGE. CHAPTER VII. Means of Communication. Waterways; Ferries; Roads; Rest Houses; Railways; Post and Telegraphs 102-110 CHAPTER VIII. Famine 110 CHAPTER IX. General Administration. Executive administration.-Early British Policy; Appointment of Yazawutgaungs; Abolition of special class laws; Dacoity following annexation; Division of the Tharrawaw district; Formation of the Pegu Light Infantry; Measures taken to secure order; Formation of Myan-sung district; Formation of Province of British Burma; Municipalities; Final formation of districts of Henzada and Tharrawaddy; Formation of Irrawaddy Division; Introduction of Village Headmen system; Policy of Government with regard to Village Headmen; Addition of Lemyethna township; Present distribution; Crime and the Police.-Formation of Provincial Police; Police Act of 1861; Strength of Police of Myanaung District; Control of Police given to District Magistrate; Failure of police and inefficiency of rural police; Rural Police Act; Disturbances following annexation of Upper Burma; Reorganization of police; Punitive police; Village Headmen; Police Committee; Military Police; European officers; Increase of pay to Civil Police; Police schools; Beat patrols; Disarmament; Police Commission: Crime in recent years ;Punitive police; Police buildings; Present strength of police ;fails:-Superintendence; Jail buildings; Henzada jail ;Myanaung jail: fudicial Administration.-Criminal justice; Judicial Commissioner; Chief Court; Burman Magistrates; Distribution of magistracy on formation of district; Honorary Magistrates; Sessions Judges and Special Power Magistrates; Village Headmen; Present distribution of magistracy; Civil fustice.-Judicial Commissioner: Courts Act of iv CONTENTS. PAGES. 1875 and 1889; Small Cause Court; Civil Township Judges: Chief Court; Reorganization of subordinate courts; District Judges; Subdivisional Judges; Present arrangement of Civil Courts; Village Headmen; Value and nature of suits: Registration: Public Works Depart ment.-Embankments Roads and buildings 110-138 CHAPTER X. Revenue Administration. Burmese Revenue Administration.-Bdtish Revenue Administration: Land Revenue proper:-Early settlements; First modern settlement; First revision settlement; Second revision settlement; Increase in land revenue; General Land administration; Capitation-tax; Fishery revenue; Stamp revertrue; Income-tax and similar taxes; Excise revenue; Salt revenue; Forest revenue; Miscel laneous revenue 138-174 CHAPTER XI. Local Self Gevernment. District Cess Fund.-History; Administration and Activities; Municipalities and Notified Areas:-Henzada; Constitution of the Committee; Income and Expenditure; Activities; Myanaung; Kyangin; Zalun; Lemyethna; Other Notified Areas 174-188 CHAPTER XII. Education. Controlling Agencies; District Committees; Grading; Primary Education.-Monastic schools; Lay schools; Certificated teachers; Karen schools; Roman Catholic schools; American Baptist Mission schools: American Baptist Mission Burmese schools; Secondary Education. -Middle schools; Cess schools; Municipal schools; S.P.G. Schools; American Baptist Mission schools; Henzada High School; Female education; Survey schools; Financial; General remarks 188-202 CONTENTS. v PAGE. CHAPTER XIII. Public Health. General Health; Fevers; Cholera; Small-pox; Plague; Infantile mortality; Vital statistics; Sanitation; Hospitals 203-211 CHAPTER XIV. Minor Article. Henzada Subdivision; Henzada Township:-Henzada; Danbi; Ingabo; Letpanhla; Myogwin; Natmaw; Neikban; Payagon; Ongon; Seiktha; Shage; Tanta bin; Taloktaw; Thingantaw; Yegwin; Yondalin; Zalun Township:-Zalun; Daunggyi; Obo; Mayoka; Pyinmagon; Zinyawkyun; Tonbutkyun; Lemyethna Township:-Aingthabyu; Bokchaung: Daunggyi; Kamauksu; Ketkugyi; Kyaukchaung; Lahagyi; Pandawgyi; Shanywa; Thakutchaung; Thingon; Yatha; Ywathitgyi; Myanaung Subdivision:-Myanaung Township:- Myanaung; Alezu; Banbwegon; Inbin; Kanaung; Kanyinngu; Kywedegon; Letpaukkwin; Mezin; Ngapiseik; Nyaungwungyi; Ngabatkya; Payagon; Petakwe; Pyindaungdwin; Shwegyin; Sinlu; Tanthonbin; Thabyegon; Yozaung; Kyangin Town ship:-Kyangin; Petye; Posugyi; Seiktha; Yenan daung; Ingabu Township.-Ingabu; Bwet; Chaukywa; Htugyi; Hlegyiaing; Kongyi; Kwingauk; Kywezin; Mezaligon; Mataungda; Nyaunggyo; Naukmi; Thanbyadaing; Payangoto; Peinnedwin; Sitkyungyi; Tanbingan; Yele; Zaungdan 211-242 APPENDIX I. List of the Principal Fauna of the district 245 APPENDIX II. List of the Principal Flora of the district 249 APPENDIX III. List of the Principal Handicraftsmen in the district 250 APPENDIX IV. List of books and papers consulted
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