Culture and Cold War As a Problem of Spy Novel

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Culture and Cold War As a Problem of Spy Novel ISSN 2523-4463. ВІСНИК УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ ІМЕНІ АЛЬФРЕДА НОБЕЛЯ. Серія «ФІЛОЛОГІЧНІ НАУКИ». 2017. № 2 (14) DOI 10.32342/2523-4463-2017-0-14-44-49 УДК 82-32 D.O. HOLUB, Lecturer of English Philology and �ranslation Department Alfred Nobel University (Dnipro) CULTURE AND COLD WAR AS A PROBLEM OF SPY NOVEL The article is devoted to the studying of the phenomenon of Cold War in its correlation to the introduction of a new hero in literature, namely in a spy novel. Social and cultural background that determined the formation of a patriotic and spy novel with its hero-myth is under consideration. Key �ords: �old War, spy / intelligent operative, spy novel, patriotic and spy novel, hero�myth, mass culture, mass literature. old War is an ideological resistance between the former wartime Allied victors in the second half of the 1940s that was reasoned by after-war political situation. Churchill’s Cspeech in his being not the Prime Minister but a private citizen in Fulton (USA, State of Missouri) on 5 March 1946 with the view of enhancing English and American alliance and thus building the wall between West and the Soviet Union is under consideration: «Neither the sure prevention of war, nor the continuous rise of world organisation will be gained without what I have called the fraternal association of the English-speaking peoples. This means a special relationship between the British Commonwealth and Empire and the United States». He saw the near future for English speaking countries with «common citizenship» [1]. Having stated these ideas Churchill started to attack Stalin’s politics: «A shadow has fallen upon the scenes so lately lighted by the Allied victory. Nobody knows what Soviet Russia and its Communist international organisation intends to do in the immediate future … From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and, in many cases, increasing measure of control from Moscow» [1]. As Francois Bedarida stresses, the phrase «Iron Curtain» was not new». For the first time it was defidefined nedned�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� byby����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� the thethe ������������������������������������������������������������������������������� members membersmembersmembers �����������������������������������������������������������������������ofofof ofof �������������������������������������������������������������������� the thethethethethe ���������������������������������������������������������������� LabourLabour LabourLabourLabourLabourLabour ��������������������������������������������������������� partyparty partypartypartypartypartyparty ��������������������������������������������������� inin ininininininin ������������������������������������������������ thethethethethethethethethe the 20s, 20s,20s,20s,20s,20s,20s,20s,20s,20s,2020s,�����������������������������������������s����������������������������������������, ChurchillChurchill ChurchillChurchillChurchillChurchillChurchillChurchillChurchillChurchillChurchillChurchill ����������������������������� himselfhimself himselfhimselfhimselfhimselfhimselfhimselfhimselfhimselfhimselfhimselfhimself ��������������������� usedused usedusedusedusedusedusedusedusedusedusedusedused ���������������� itititit ititititititititititit ������������� inininin inininininininininininin ���������� hishis hishishishishishishishishishishishishishishis ������tele- tele-tele-tele-tele-tele-tele-tele-tele-tele-tele-tele-tele-tele-tele-tele-tele-teletele-- grams of 1945 to Truman, but it was in the Fulton’s speech where the phrase caused a massive outcry [2, p. 330–331]. Everything that happened next was the beginning of Cold War. Giuseppe Boffa����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������, an������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ Italian historian,historian,historian,historian������������������������������������������������������������������������, emphasized:emphasized:emphasized:emphasized:emphasized������������������������������������������������������������: «Churchill’s«Churchill’s«Churchill’s«Churchill’s«���������������������������������������������������������Churchill������������������������������������������������’�����������������������������������������������s ���������������������������������������������� speechspeechspeechspeech ��������������������������������������� becamebecamebecamebecamebecame �������������������������������� aaaaaa ������������������������������ signalsignalsignalsignalsignalsignalsignal ����������������������� totototototototo �������������������� StalinStalinStalinStalinStalinStalinStalinStalinStalin ������������� thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat �������� thethethethethethethethethethethe ���� po-po-po-popo-po-po-po-po-po-po-po-po-- litical march on the Soviet Union had begun» [3, p. 269]. Considering political content of the given event, it is necessary to understand its influence on the culture andand itsitsits massmassmassmass specifispecifispecifispecifispecifispecifics cs. cs.cs.cs.cs.cs.��������������������������������������������������������. ������������������������������������������������������� The TheTheTheTheThe break breakbreakbreakbreakbreak between betweenbetweenbetweenbetweenbetween two twotwotwotwotwo countries countriescountriescountriescountriescountries of ofofofofof East EastEastEastEastEast and andandandandand West WestWestWestWestWest espe-espe espe-espe-espe-espe-espe-- cially in its political and cultural aspects was visible inside every society and even through the example of a certain personality.������������������������������������������������������������� This�������������������������������������������������������� feud ���������������������������������������������������undoubtedlyundoubtedly ��������������������������������������� tooktooktook ����������������������������������itsitsits ������������������������������ tolltolltolltoll ������������������������� ononononon ���������������������� westernwesternwesternwesternwesternwestern ��������������EuropeanEuropeanEuropeanEuropeanEuropeanEuropeanEuropean �����cul-cul-cul-cul-cul-cul-cul-cul-cul- ture: the 1947–1953s marked the battle for culture that was under the influence of propaganda. As writers,writers, artistsarti stssts andand thinkersthinkersthinkers werewerewerewere thethethethethe fififirst fifififi rst rstrstrstrstrstrst���������������������������������������������� who whowhowhowhowhowho ������������������������������������������ experiencedexperienced experiencedexperiencedexperiencedexperiencedexperiencedexperienced ������������������������������ Cold Cold ColdColdColdColdColdCold ������������������������� War,War, War,War War,War,War,War,War,War,, ��������������������� thisthis thisthis thisthisthisthisthisthis ��������������� phenomenonphenomenonphenomenon phenomenonphenomenonphenomenonphenomenon phenomenonphenomenonphenomenonphenomenon ���� en-en-en-en-enen- en-en-en-en-en-en-- gaged «deux«deux domains historiographiques … l’histoirel’histoire’histoire culturelleculturelle etetet ll’histoirel’histoirel’histoirel’histoire’histoire’histoire desdesdesdesdes relatirelatirelatirelatirelatirelationsrelati ons onsonsonsonsonsons ��������� interna-interna interna-interna-interna-interna-interna-interna-- tionales» («two historicographic fields ... cultural history and history of foreign affairs») [4, p. 7]. J.-F. Sirinelli and G.-H. Soutou, the authors of the book «Culture et Guerre Froide» («Culture and Cold War», 2008), stated that «la culture a été un element décisif du combat idéologique» («the culture was the decisivedecisive elementelementelement ofofofof thethethethethe ideologicalideologicalideologicalideologicalideologicalideological combat»),combat»),combat»),combat»),combat»),combat»),combatcombat»),»), atatatatatatatat thethethethethethethethethe samesamesamesamesamesamesamesamesamesame tititititititititimetititi me mememememememememememe ����������������� it ititititititititititit �������������� allowedallowed allowedallowedallowedallowedallowedallowedallowedallowedallowedallowedallowed ������ «rap-« «rap-«rap-«rap-«rap-«rap-«rap-«rap-«rap-«rap-«rap-«rap-rap-rap«rap-«rap-- D.O. �olub, 2017 44 ISSN 2523-4463. ВІСНИК УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ ІМЕНІ АЛЬФРЕДА НОБЕЛЯ. Серія «ФІЛОЛОГІЧНІ НАУКИ». 2017. № 2 (14) prochement entre les deux mondes» («reunion between two worlds») – West and East – since «elle n’est pas réductible à la paix et à la guerre entre les nations» («it was not reduced only to the country or the war between nations») [4, p. 8]. The artiarticle cle «L’image««L’imageL’imageL’image’image dede l’espionll’espion’espion’espion dans dans la la culture culture populaire populaire Soviéti SoviSoviétiétiétitique queque��������������������� ��������������������desdes des����������������� ����������������annannées années�������������é������������es���������� 1950: 1950:1950: en-enen- en-- tre affiaffirmation rmati onpatriotipatriotique patrioti que ����������������������������������������������������������������������que ���������������������������������������������������������������������etet
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