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Science, Technology and National Socialism Edited by Monika Renneberg and Mark Walker Frontmatter More Information Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-40374-0 - Science, Technology and National Socialism Edited by Monika Renneberg and Mark Walker Frontmatter More information This book provides a survey of the development of scientific disciplines and technical projects under National Socialism in Germany. Each contribution addresses a different, new aspect which is import:l11t for judging the interaction between science, technology and National Socialism. In par­ ticular, the personal conduct of individual scientists and engineers as well as the functionality of certain theories and projects are examined. All essays share a common theme: continuity and discontinuity. All authors cover a period that reaches back to the Weimar Republic and forward beyond the end of National Socialism to the post-war period. This unanimity of approach provides answers to major questions about the nature of Hitler's regime and about possible lines of continuity in science and technology which may transcend political upheaval. The book is also the most comprehensive to date on this subject, and includes essays on engineering, geography, biology, psychology, physics, mathematics and science policy. It thus offers something of interest for the specialist, scientist, engineer and historian as well as an unprecedented overview of science and technology before, during and after the Third Reich. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-40374-0 - Science, Technology and National Socialism Edited by Monika Renneberg and Mark Walker Frontmatter More information © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-40374-0 - Science, Technology and National Socialism Edited by Monika Renneberg and Mark Walker Frontmatter More information Science, Technology and National Socialism © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-40374-0 - Science, Technology and National Socialism Edited by Monika Renneberg and Mark Walker Frontmatter More information © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-40374-0 - Science, Technology and National Socialism Edited by Monika Renneberg and Mark Walker Frontmatter More information Science, Technology and National Socialism Edited by Monika Renneberg Assistant Professor in the Institute for the History of Science, Technology and Mathematics, University of Hamburg and Mark Walker Assistant Professor of the Department of History, Union College, Schenectady CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-40374-0 - Science, Technology and National Socialism Edited by Monika Renneberg and Mark Walker Frontmatter More information CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao Paulo, Delhi, Mexico City Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521403740 © Cambridge University Press 1994 This publication is in copyright. Subject to staturory exception and to the ptovisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place withour the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 1994 First paperback edition 2002 A catalogue record for this publication is available foom the British Library Library o/Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Scientists, engineers, and National Socialism I edited by Monika Renneberg and Mark Walker. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN ° 521 40374 X 1. Science - Germany - History. 2. Engineering - Germany - History. 3. National Socialism and science - History. 4. Fascism - Germany - History. I. Renneburg, Monika. II. Walker, Mark, 1959- Q127·G3S36 1993 509.43'09'04-dc20 92-41633 CIP ISBN 978-0-521-4°374-0 Hardback ISBN 978-0-521-52860-3 Paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel timetables, and other factual information given in this work is correct at the time of first printing but Cambridge University Press does not guarantee the accuracy of such information thereafter. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-40374-0 - Science, Technology and National Socialism Edited by Monika Renneberg and Mark Walker Frontmatter More information This book is dedicated to all those critical voices who have tried to illuminate this ambivalent chapter of history, but were unappreciated, ignored and discouraged. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-40374-0 - Science, Technology and National Socialism Edited by Monika Renneberg and Mark Walker Frontmatter More information © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-40374-0 - Science, Technology and National Socialism Edited by Monika Renneberg and Mark Walker Frontmatter More information Contents List of illustrations page xi List of contributors xiii Acknowledgements xvi List of abbreviations xvii 1 Scientists, Engineers and National Socialism 1 MONIKA RENNEBERG and MARK WALKER 2 Keinerlei Untergang: German Armaments Engineers 30 during the Second World War and in the Service of the Victorious Powers ANDREAS HEINEMANN-GRUDER 3 The Guided Missile and the Third Reich: Peenemiinde 51 and the Forging of a Technological Revolution MICHAELJ.NEUFELD 4 Self-mobilization or Resistance? Aeronautical Research 72 and National Socialism HELMlITH TRISCHLER 5 Military Technology and National Socialist Ideology 88 ULRICH ALBRECHT 6 'Area Research' and 'Spatial Planning' from the Weimar 126 Republic to the German Federal Republic: Creating a Society with a Spatial Order under National Socialism MECHTILD ROSSLER 7 The Ideological Origins of Institutes at the Kaiser 139 Wilhelm Gesellschaft in National Socialist Germany KRISTIE MACRAKIS IX © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-40374-0 - Science, Technology and National Socialism Edited by Monika Renneberg and Mark Walker Frontmatter More information x I CONTENTS 8 Biological Research at Universities and Kaiser Wilhelm 160 Institutes in Nazi Germany UTE DEICHMANN and BENNO MULLER-HILL 9 Pedagogy, Professionalism and Politics: Biology 184 Instruction during the Third Reich SHEILA FAITH WEISS 10 The Whole and the Community: Scientific and Political 197 Reasoning in the Holistic psychology of Felix Krueger ULFRIED GEUTER 11 Pascual Jordan: Quantum Mechanics, Psychology, 224 National Socialism M. NORTON WISE 12 The Ideology of Early Particle Accelerators: An 255 Association between Knowledge and Power MARIA OSIETZKI 13 The 'Minerva' Project. The Accelerator Laboratory at 271 the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute/Max Planck Institute of Chemistry: Continuity in Fundamental Research BURGHARD WEISS 14 The Social System of Mathematics and National 291 Socialism: A Survey HERBERT MEHRTENS 15 The Problem of anti-Fascist Resistance of 'Apolitical' 312 German Scholars REINHARD SIEGMUND-SCHULTZE 16 Irresponsible Purity: The Political and Moral Structure of 324 Mathematical Sciences in the National Socialist State HERBERT MEHRTENS Notes 339 Index 415 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-40374-0 - Science, Technology and National Socialism Edited by Monika Renneberg and Mark Walker Frontmatter More information Illustrations 3.1 Rudolf Nebel with Willy Ley and Klaus Riedel at the page 55 Raketen{lugplatz, April 1931 3.2 Test stand I at Peenemiinde 58 3.3 The first successful A4 (V-2) is prepared for launch 63 3.4 General Fellgiebel congratulates Colonel Leo Zanssen 64 after the first successful launch 3.5 An American soldier guards a captured and nearly 66 completed A4 3.6 Peenemiinde engineers brought to the United States, 1946 68 3.7 Gen. Holger Toftoy, Dr Ernst Stuhlinger, Hermann 69 Oberth, Dr Wernher von Braun and Dr Robert Lusser at the US Army Redstone Arsenal, c. 1955 5.1 German high-tech projects at the end of the war 99 5.2 Intercontinental bomber project by Daimler-Benz, late 100 1944 5.3 Jet fighter project by BMW. 1944 101 5.4 High-tech at the end of the Third Reich 102 5.5 German combat aircraft projects with pilot in prone 104 position 5.6 Arado AR E 381 mini-fighter, 1944 105 5.7 Bids by German industry for the Emergency Fighter 108 Programme, 1944 5.8 Heinkel He 161 'Volksjiiger' (People's Fighter) 110 5.9 Wernher von Braun's rocket plane, 1939 114 5.10 'Vengeance weapon 1', the V-I 115 5.11 Bachem 'Natter' point defence fighter 117 5.12 Submissions by German industry for the Emergency 118 Fighter Programme, 1944 xi © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-40374-0 - Science, Technology and National Socialism Edited by Monika Renneberg and Mark Walker Frontmatter More information Xli I LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 5.13 Unpowered combat glider, Blohm & Voss BV40 121 5.14 Messerschmitt's unpowered fighter Me 328 121 8.1 Funding of biologists
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