Elements whose names and symbols you should memorize (you do NOT need to know position). Remove O (charge SAME) H He Groups of FOUR
Li B C N O F Ne - ClO4 perchlorate Na Mg Al Si P S Cl - ClO3 chlorate K Ca Ti Cr Mn Fe CoNi Cu Zn Se Br - ClO2 chlorite Sr Ag Sn I - Cs Ba Au Hg Pb ClO hypochlorite
Ra
- Chlorate, bromate, and iodate BrO4 perbromate (halogen-containing “ate” - “Core Ions”* Remove O BrO3 bromate oxoanions) are analogous to - (charge SAME) BrO2 bromite - nitrate: ------NO3 nitrate NO2 nitrite BrO hypobromite NO3 , ClO 3 , BrO3 , IO3
add H+
(charge changes) - HSO4 hydrogen sulfate 2- 2- SO4 sulfate SO3 sulfite - IO4 periodate - IO3 iodate - 2- IO2 iodite 4 3- 3- HPO hydrogen phosphate PO4 phosphate PO3 phosphite - IO hypoiodite
Add - 2- H+ HCO3 hydrogen carbonate CO3 carbonate Miscellaneous Other Ions to Know
add H+ - - OH hydroxide H2PO4 dihydrogen Don’t confuse –ates with –ides!! CN- cyanide phosphate - HSO3 hydrogen sulfite - MnO4 permanganate Also learn the other common monatomic “–ides” 3- - N nitride C2H3O2 acetate as well (use periodic table to determine charge 2- for all monatomic –ides): oxide (O2-) , the first CrO4 chromate 2- 2- 2- four halides (F-, Cl-, Br-, I-), and hydride (H-) S sulfide HPO3 hydrogen phosphite Cr2O7 dichromate + NH4 ammonium (the P3- phosphide only common Add *POCONOSO Mnemonic, Core Ions non-metal cation!) H+
- H2PO3 dihydrogen phosphite List of Ions and Elements to Know (Tabular Format)‡ Anion formulas and their names Element Symbol, Name, and Monatomic Cation Formed N3- nitride H hydrogen H+ - NO3 nitrate common C carbon NO - nitrite nonmetals found 2 in organic N nitrogen S2- sulfide compounds (and P phosphorus elsewhere!) 2- O oxygen SO4 sulfate S sulfur 2- SO3 sulfite F fluorine - HSO4 hydrogen sulfate halogens Cl chlorine HSO - hydrogen sulfite 3 Br bromine P3- phosphide I iodine 3- PO4 phosphate inert He helium 3- gases PO3 phosphite Ne neon
2- HPO4 hydrogen phosphate other B boron nonmetals or - Si H2PO4 dihydrogen phosphate metalloids silicon 2- Se selenium HPO3 hydrogen phosphite 3+ - Al aluminum Al H2PO3 dihydrogen phosphite main group metals Sn tin Type II 4- C carbide Pb lead Type II CO 2- carbonate 3 Li lithium Li+ alkali metals HCO - hydrogen carbonate + 3 (also main Na sodium Na O2- oxide group) K potassium K+ + F- fluoride (u before o!!) Cs cesium Cs Cl- chloride Mg magnesium Mg2+ 2+ - alkaline earth Ca calcium Ca Br bromide (metals) (also Sr strontium Sr2+ I- iodide main group) Ba barium Ba2+ - - - ClO4 , BrO4 , IO4 perchlorate, perbromate, etc. Ra radium Ra2+ - - - ClO3 , BrO3 , IO3 chlorate, bromate, iodate Ti titanium Type II - - - ClO2 , BrO2 , IO2 chlorite, bromite, iodite Cr chromium Type II ClO-, BrO-, IO- hypochlorite, hypobrom..etc Mn manganese Type II Fe iron Type II OH- hydroxide transition metals Co cobalt Type II CN- cyanide Ni nickel Type II C H O - (or CH COO- 2 3 2 3 acetate ) Cu copper Type II 2+ - Zn zinc Zn MnO4 permanganate + 2- Ag silver Ag CrO4 chromate Au gold Type II 2- Cr2O7 dichromate Hg mercury Type II + NH4 ammonium
‡NOTE1: The only metal elements outside of Group 1A and Group 2A that have only one common ion that you should memorize for this class are: Al, Zn, Ag. The ions they tend to form are Al3+, Zn2+, and Ag+. All other transition metal elements (and lead and tin) should be assumed to form at least two stable cations (i.e., they are Type II metals or cations) and therefore when writing a compound with one of them in it, you need to use a Roman numeral inside of parentheses to specify its charge.
‡NOTE2: The list of elements on the right is there to indicate the ones whose NAMES I expect you to learn. The charges of "Type I" cations' should be memorized (see note above). The charges of "Type II" cations varies so you need not memorize them; however, you must be able to figure out the charge of these cations from a given compound formula (from the charges on the anions).