Toxicological Profile for Chlorine Dioxide and Chlorite
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Working with Hazardous Chemicals
A Publication of Reliable Methods for the Preparation of Organic Compounds Working with Hazardous Chemicals The procedures in Organic Syntheses are intended for use only by persons with proper training in experimental organic chemistry. All hazardous materials should be handled using the standard procedures for work with chemicals described in references such as "Prudent Practices in the Laboratory" (The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2011; the full text can be accessed free of charge at http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12654). All chemical waste should be disposed of in accordance with local regulations. For general guidelines for the management of chemical waste, see Chapter 8 of Prudent Practices. In some articles in Organic Syntheses, chemical-specific hazards are highlighted in red “Caution Notes” within a procedure. It is important to recognize that the absence of a caution note does not imply that no significant hazards are associated with the chemicals involved in that procedure. Prior to performing a reaction, a thorough risk assessment should be carried out that includes a review of the potential hazards associated with each chemical and experimental operation on the scale that is planned for the procedure. Guidelines for carrying out a risk assessment and for analyzing the hazards associated with chemicals can be found in Chapter 4 of Prudent Practices. The procedures described in Organic Syntheses are provided as published and are conducted at one's own risk. Organic Syntheses, Inc., its Editors, and its Board of Directors do not warrant or guarantee the safety of individuals using these procedures and hereby disclaim any liability for any injuries or damages claimed to have resulted from or related in any way to the procedures herein. -
Decontamination of Indoor and Outdoor Materials with Aqueous Chlorine Dioxide Solutions
EPA 600/R-12/516 | May 2012 | www.epa.gov/ord Decontamination of Indoor and Outdoor Materials with Aqueous Chlorine Dioxide Solutions Office of Research and Development National Homeland Security Research Center EPA/600/R/12/516 May 2012 Decontamination of Indoor and Outdoor Materials with Aqueous Chlorine Dioxide Solutions U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 ii Disclaimer The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Office of Research and Development’s (ORD) National Homeland Security Research Center (NHSRC), funded, directed and managed this work through Contract Number EP-C-10-001 with Battelle. This report has been peer and administratively reviewed and has been approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use of a specific product. Questions concerning this document or its application should be addressed to: Joseph Wood National Homeland Security Research Center Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Mail Code E343-06 Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 919-541-5029 iii Foreword Following the events of September 11, 2001, addressing the critical needs related to homeland security became a clear requirement with respect to EPA’s mission to protect human health and the environment. Presidential Directives further emphasized EPA as the primary federal agency responsible for the country’s water supplies and for decontamination following a chemical, biological, and/or radiological (CBR) attack. To support EPA’s mission to assist in and lead response and recovery activities associated with CBR incidents of national significance, the National Homeland Security Research Center (NHSRC) was established to conduct research and deliver products that improve the capability of the Agency and other federal, state, and local agencies to carry out their homeland security responsibilities. -
Fluorosulfates of Silver, Ruthenium, and Osmium
FLUOROSULFATES OF SILVER, RUTHENIUM, AND OSMIUM by PATRICK CHEUNG SHING LEUNG B.Sc. (Hons.), The University of British Columbia, 1975 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Department of Chemistry) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA December, 1979 © Patrick Cheung Shing Leung, 1979 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements f an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree tha the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Head of my Department or by his representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of CMMUTtY The University of British Columbia 2075 Wesbrook Place Vancouver, Canada V6T 1W5 ABSTRACT A number of synthetic routes to silver(II) fluorosulfate, Ag(SC>3F)2, were systematically explored. The most suitable and versatile route was found to be the oxidation of silver metal by a solution of bisfluorosulfuryl peroxide, S20gF2, in fluorosulfuric acid, HSO^F, according to: HS03F Ag + S206F2 m- Ag (SC>3F) 2> Additional methods which were found to be suitable involved the oxidation of a wide variety of silver(I) compounds such as S F or the nsert:LOn of S0 Ag20 or AgSO^F by 2°6 2' i- 3 into AgF2. Structural conclusions on Ag(S03F)2 and the other compounds synthesized subsequently were based on the vibrational, elec• tronic and electron spin resonance spectra, as well as on magnetic susceptibility measurements made between 300 and 77 K. -
(VI) and Chromium (V) Oxide Fluorides
Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 1976 The chemistry of chromium (VI) and chromium (V) oxide fluorides Patrick Jay Green Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Chemistry Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Green, Patrick Jay, "The chemistry of chromium (VI) and chromium (V) oxide fluorides" (1976). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 4039. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.5923 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. All ABSTRACT OF THE TllESIS OF Patrick Jay Green for the Master of Science in Chemistry presented April 16, 1976. Title: Chemistry of Chromium(VI) and Chromium(V) Oxide Fluorides. APPROVEO BY MEMBERS OF THE THESIS CO'"o\l TIEE: y . • Ii . ' I : • • • • • New preparative routes to chromyl fluoride were sought. It was found that chlorine ironofluoride reacts with chromium trioxide and chromyl chlo ride to produce chromyl fluoride. Attempts were ~ade to define a mechan ism for the reaction of ClF and Cr0 in light of by-products observed 3 and previous investigations. Carbonyl fluoride and chromium trioxide react to fom chro·yl fluoride and carbo:i dioxide. A mechanism was also proposed for this react10n. Chromium trioxide 11itl\ l~F6 or WF5 reacts to produce chromyl fluoride and the respective oxide tetrafluoride. 2 Sulfur hexafluoride did not react with Cr03. -
Crops 2019 Sunset Reviews: §§205.601, 205.602 (Pdf)
Sunset 2019 Meeting 2 - Review Crops Substances November 2017 Note: With the exception of biodegradable biobased mulch film, the materials included in this list are undergoing early sunset review as part of November 18, 2016 NOSB recommendation on efficient workload re-organization. As part of the National List sunset review process, the NOSB Crops Subcommittee has evaluated the need for the continued allowance for or prohibition of the following substances for use in organic crop production. Reference: 7 CFR 205.601 Synthetic substances allowed for use in organic crop production. Chlorine materials: calcium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, sodium hypochlorite Herbicides, soap-based Biodegradable biobased mulch film Boric acid Sticky traps/barriers Coppers, fixed Copper sulfate Humic acids Micronutrients: soluble boron products Micronutrients: sulfates, carbonates, oxides, or silicates of zinc, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, and cobalt Vitamins B1, C, E 205.602 Nonsynthetic substances prohibited for use in organic crop production Lead salts Tobacco dust (nicotine sulfate) NOSB October 2017 proposals and discussion documents 17/175 Chlorine materials - Calcium Hypochlorite Reference: 205.601(a) - As algicide, disinfectants, and sanitizer, including irrigation system cleaning systems. (2) Chlorine materials -For pre-harvest use, residual chlorine levels in the water in direct crop contact or as water from cleaning irrigation systems applied to soil must not exceed the maximum residual disinfectant limit under the Safe Drinking -
Template COVID-19
PAHO Does Not Recommend Taking Products that Contain Chlorine Dioxide, Sodium Chlorite, Sodium Hypochlorite, or Derivatives 16 July 2020 The information included in this note reflects the available evidence at the date of publication. KEY MESSAGES • The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) does not recommend oral or parenteral use of chlorine dioxide or sodium chlorite-based products for patients with suspected or diagnosed COVID-19 or for anyone else. There is no evidence of their effectiveness and the ingestion or inhalation of such products could cause serious adverse effects. • People’s safety should be the main objective of any health decision or intervention. • PAHO recommends strengthened reporting to the national drug regulatory authority or to the office of the Ministry of Health responsible for drug regulation in the event of any adverse event linked to the use of these products. PAHO also recommends that products containing chlorine dioxide, chlorine derivatives, or any other substance presented as a treatment for COVID-19 should be reported. • The health authorities should monitor media marketing of products claiming to be therapies for COVID-19 in order to take the appropriate actions. Information on the subject Context • Chlorine dioxide is a yellow or reddish-yellow gas used as bleach in paper manufacturing, in public water treatment plants, and for the decontamination of buildings. Chlorine dioxide reacts with water to generate chlorite ions. Both chemical species are highly reactive, which means that they have capacity to eliminate bacteria and other microorganisms in aqueous media (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry [ATSDR], 2004). • This gas has been used as a disinfectant in low concentrations for the treatment of water (WHO: 2008, 2016) and in clinical trials for buccal antisepsis (National Library of Medicine, 2020). -
Sodium Chlorite Neutralization
® Basic Chemicals Sodium Chlorite Neutralization Introduction that this reaction is exothermic and liberates a If sodium chlorite is spilled or becomes a waste, significant amount of heat (H). it must be disposed of in accordance with local, state, and Federal regulations by a NPDES NaClO2 + 2Na2SO3 2Na2SO4 + NaCl permitted out-fall or in a permitted hazardous 90.45g + 2(126.04g) 2(142.04g) + 58.44g waste treatment, storage, and disposal facility. H = -168 kcal/mole NaClO2 Due to the reactivity of sodium chlorite, neutralization for disposal purposes should be For example, when starting with a 5% NaClO2 avoided whenever possible. Where permitted, solution, the heat generated from this reaction the preferred method for handling sodium could theoretically raise the temperature of the chlorite spills and waste is by dilution, as solution by 81C (146F). Adequate dilution, discussed in the OxyChem Safety Data Sheet thorough mixing and a slow rate of reaction are (SDS) for sodium chlorite in Section 6, important factors in controlling the temperature (Accidental Release Measures). Sodium chlorite increase (T). neutralization procedures must be carried out only by properly trained personnel wearing Procedure appropriate protective equipment. The complete neutralization procedure involves three sequential steps: dilution, chlorite Reaction Considerations reduction, and alkali neutralization. The dilution If a specific situation requires sodium chlorite to step lowers the strength of the sodium chlorite be neutralized, the chlorite must first be reduced solution to 5% or less; the reduction step reacts by a reaction with sodium sulfite. The use of the diluted chlorite solution with sodium sulfite to sodium sulfite is recommended over other produce a sulfate solution, and the neutralization reducing agents such as sodium thiosulfate step reduces the pH of the alkaline sulfate (Na2S2O3), sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3), and solution from approximately 12 to 4-5. -
Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, Fourth Edition
12. CHEMICAL FACT SHEETS Assessment date 1993 Principal reference WHO (2003) Chlorine in drinking-water In humans and experimental animals exposed to chlorine in drinking-water, no specific adverse treatment-related effects have been observed. IARC has classified h ypochlorite in Group 3 (not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans). Chlorite and chlorate Chlorite and chlorate are disinfection by-products resulting from the use of chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant and for odour and taste control in water. Chlorine dioxide is also used as a bleaching agent for cellulose, paper pulp, flour and oils. Sodium chlorite and sodium chlorate are both used in the production of chlorine dioxide as well as for other commercial purposes. Chlorine dioxide rapidly decomposes into chlorite, chlorate and chloride ions in treated water, chlorite being the predominant species; this reaction is favoured by alkaline conditions. The major route of environmental ex- posure to chlorine dioxide, sodium chlorite and sodium chlorate is through drinking- water. Chlorate is also formed in sodium hypochlorite solution that is stored for long periods, particularly at high ambient temperatures. Provisional guideline values Chlorite: 0.7 mg/l (700 µg/l) Chlorate: 0.7 mg/l (700 µg/l) The guideline values for chlorite and chlorate are designated as provisional because use of chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant may result in the chlorite and chlorate guideline values being exceeded, and difficulties in meeting the guideline value must never be a reason for compromising adequate disinfection. Occurrence Levels of chlorite in water reported in one study ranged from 3.2 to 7.0 mg/l; however, the combined levels will not exceed the dose of chlorine dioxide applied. -
Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 13
This PDF is available from The National Academies Press at http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=15852 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 13 ISBN Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels; Committee on 978-0-309-29025-8 Toxicology; Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology; Division on Earth and Life Studies; National Research Council 292 pages 6 x 9 PAPERBACK (2013) Visit the National Academies Press online and register for... Instant access to free PDF downloads of titles from the NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL 10% off print titles Custom notification of new releases in your field of interest Special offers and discounts Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Request reprint permission for this book Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 13 Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels Committee on Toxicology Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology Division on Earth and Life Studies Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 13 THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 FIFTH STREET, NW WASHINGTON, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Insti- tute of Medicine. -
Press Release
Press release Medicines Control Council warns against the use of the unregistered medicine, Miracle Mineral Solution (MMS) and similar products for the treatment of medical conditions Date: 15 May 2016 At its 77th meeting on 21-22 April 2016, the Medicines Control Council (MCC) expressed their concern over the use of an unregistered medicine sold as Miracle Mineral Solution (MMS) by the public. Miracle Mineral Solution (MMS) has been claimed to be effective in the treatment of various medical conditions, including HIV/AIDS, cancer, autism, type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is claimed that Miracle Mineral Solution (MMS) can remove impurities from the body. Miracle Mineral Solution (MMS) is allegedly sold by the Genesis II Church, using a pyramid-type marketing and distribution scheme. What is Miracle Mineral Solution (MMS)? Miracle Mineral Solution (MMS) is presented as two separate bottles, one purporting to contain a mixture of herbs and sodium chlorite, and the second purporting to contain citric acid. In accordance with the directions for use, when the two solutions are mixed, chlorine is released. The manufacturer, sellers and distributors claim that the released chlorine will target the patient’s affected cells (such as those cells affected by HIV or cancer) and remove those cells from the body. Sodium chlorite (not to be confused with table salt – sodium chloride) is commonly used as a bleach. It is included in disinfectants or bleaching agents for domestic use. It is also used to control slime and bacterial formation in water systems used, such as at power plants, pulp and paper mills. -
CDG Solution 3000TM Safety Data Sheet
Emergency Telephone Number: 800-424-9300 24 hours/day, 7 days/week Emergency Telephone Number: 800-424-9300 24 hours, 7 days/week CDG Solution 3000TM Safety Data Sheet Section 1 – Chemical Product and Company Identification Product Identifier: Chlorine Dioxide 0.3% Aqueous Solution SDS No. CD-004 Other Means of Identification: Chlorine Oxide Solution Chlorine Peroxide Solution Chlorine (IV) Oxide Solution Chloroperoxyl Solution Recommended Use: Biocide Company: CDG Environmental, LLC 301 Broadway, Suite 420 Bethlehem, PA 18015 888-610-2562 484-821-0780 Emergency Phone Number: 800-424-9300 SDS # CD-004 CDG Solution 3000 Page 1 of 12 Emergency Telephone Number: 800-424-9300 24 hours, 7 days/week Section 2 – Hazards Identification GHS Classification: Skin Irritation: Category 2 Eye Irritation: Category 2B Acute Toxicity – Inhalation: Category 4 Signal Word: Warning Pictogram: Hazard Statements: Causes skin irritation Causes eye irritation Harmful in inhaled Precautionary Wash exposed areas thoroughly after handling. Statements: Wear protective gloves. Avoid breathing fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray. Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. If on skin: Wash with plenty of water. If skin irritation occurs: Get medical attention. If in eyes: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. If eye irritation persists: Get medical attention. If inhaled: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. Call a doctor if you feel unwell. Specific treatment (see First -
United States Patent Office Patented Feb
2,701,781 United States Patent Office Patented Feb. 8, 1955 2 pound in the presence of an excess of water and allow ing the two to combine. The chlorine dioxide can be 2,701,781 generated in situ or externally of the solution or suspen AQUEOUS CHLORINE DIOXIDE ANTISEPTIC sion of the boron compound, as will become more clear COMPOSITIONS AND PRODUCTIONTHEREOF from the discussion given below. Moises L. de Guevara, Mexico City, Mexico, assignor, by The following examples, in which all parts indicated are mesne assignments, of fifty-seven and one-half per cent by Weight, of actual operations in accordance with this to Charles Wan Buren, Washington, D. C., and forty invention, are given in order to provide an easy com two and one-half per cent to Pearlman, Baldridge, prehension of the type of materials and procedures with Lyons and Browning, Washington, D. C. which the invention is concerned. Example I No Drawing. Application December 30, 1949, An antiseptic composition is produced from the follow Serial No. 136,149 ing ingredients: 9 Claims. (C. 167-17) 15 Parts Sodium tetraborate---------------------------- 20 This invention relates to new antiseptic compositions Boric acid------------------------------------ 20 having great antiseptic strength. It is also concerned Sodium perborate----------------------------- 3 with methods for the production of these new products. Potassium chlorate---------------------------- 2 Innumerable materials have been tested and experi 20 Sulfuric acid---------------------------------- 1. mented with in order to uncover successful antiseptics Hydrochloric acid----------------------------- 1. for general application. Notwithstanding the large Para amino benzoic acid------------------------ .1 amount of investigation made in this field, a really Sat Pye ---------------------------------------- 0.1 isfactory, universal antiseptic has not been provided here Water in an amount to make 1000 parts.