DOCSLIB.ORG

Mani at the Court of the Persian Kings. Studies on the Chester

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mani at the Court of the Persian Kings. Studies on the Chester Mani at the Court of the Persian Kings Nag Hammadi and Manichaean Studies Editors Johannes van Oort Einar Thomassen Editorial Board j.d. beduhn – a.d. deconick – w.-p. funk i. gardner – s.n.c. lieu – a. marjanen p. nagel – l. painchaud – b.a. pearson n.a. pedersen – s.g. richter – j.m. robinson m. scopello – j.d. turner – g. wurst volume 87 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/nhms Mani at the Court of the Persian Kings Studies on the Chester Beatty Kephalaia Codex By Iain Gardner Jason BeDuhn Paul Dilley leiden | boston Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gardner, Iain. Mani at the court of the Persian kings : studies on the Chester Beatty Kephalaia Codex / by Iain Gardner, Jason BeDuhn, Paul Dilley. pages cm. – (Nag hammadi and manichaean studies ; v. 87) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-23470-3 (hardback : alk. paper) – ISBN 978-90-04-28262-9 (e-book) 1. Mani, active 3rd century. 2. Kephalaia. 3. Manichaeism. I. BeDuhn, Jason. II. Dilley, Paul. III. Title. BT1410.G37 2015 299'.932–dc23 2014032759 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, ipa, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 0929-2470 isbn 978-90-04-23470-3 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-28262-9 (e-book) Copyright 2015 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Nijhoff and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill nv provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, ma 01923, usa. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Contents Preface vii Abbreviations ix 1 An Introduction to the Chester Beatty Kephalaia Codex 1 Iain Gardner part 1 Studies on the Manichaean Kephalaia 2 Mani’s Wisdom at the Court of the Persian Kings: The Genre and Context of the Chester Beatty Kephalaia 15 Paul Dilley 3 Parallels between Coptic and Iranian Kephalaia: Goundesh and the King of Touran 52 Jason BeDuhn 4 The Final Ten Chapters 75 Iain Gardner part 2 New Sources from the Chester Beatty Codex 5 Also Schrieb Zarathustra? Mani as Interpreter of the ‘Law of Zarades’ 101 Paul Dilley 6 Iranian Epic in the Chester Beatty Kephalaia 136 Jason BeDuhn 7 Mani’s Last Days 159 Iain Gardner Map and Table of Place Names 206 vi contents part 3 Manichaeism and the History of Religions 8 ‘Hell Exists, and We have Seen the Place Where It Is’: Rapture and Religious Competition in Sasanian Iran 211 Paul Dilley 9 Mani and the Crystallization of the Concept of ‘Religion’ in Third Century Iran 247 Jason BeDuhn Works Cited 277 Index 308 Preface This volume represents the first fruits of a major and laborious project to edit and translate the Chester Beatty Kephalaia, a Coptic codex discovered more than eighty years ago, but neglected until now due to the readily evident chal- lenges of the poor condition in which it was found. The project was initiated by the authors of this volume in 2008 with a determination to work as quickly as possible to reconstruct an accurate, if necessarily provisional text, using the full range of modern papyrological tools and techniques, and make it available for the benefit of research at the earliest possible date. That goal is within reach in the next few years. This volume offers a substantial introduction to the codex and to some of the potential significance of its content for future scholarship in a number of fields. It is our intention and hope that interested researchers will take inspiration from the following pages, and begin planning how to incorpo- rate the Kephalaia into their future projects when it becomes available. Despite surface appearances, this project is not the work of a team of three; its successful outcome is the work of a team of dozens. We have been unbe- lievably fortunate to be aided and surrounded by gifted individuals, all expert in their own work, and enthusiastic about ours. Over the entire course of the project, the staff of the Chester Beatty Library have been extraordinarily under- standing and helpful, beginning with two successive Directors, Dr. Michael Ryan and Dr. Fionnuala Croke, and Charles Horton, Curator of the Western Collection (retired), and extending to librarians Celine Ward and Hyder Abbas, curatorial assistant Elizabeth Omidvaran, and conservator Jessica Baldwin, as well as the many others who have assisted at one time or another, from the conservation lab to the photography room, from handling the glassed leaves to archival research. Our imaging team of Daniel Boone and Ryan Belnap, of the Northern Arizona University idea Lab, provided skills of the most essential kind, enabling us to read the potentially unreadable in the manuscript. The planning and coordination of their multi-spectral imaging of the codex ben- efited from the management of the idea Lab’s Director, Marcelle Coder. For consultation on various aspects of the project, we would like to give special thanks to Wolf-Peter Funk of the Université Laval, and to acknowledge the kind assistance of John Gee of Brigham Young University. The project has been blessed from the start by the generous support of many institutions and individuals. Foremost among this support have been major grants from the Australian Research Council and the United States National Endowment for the Humanities, without which the project would have been impossible. Iain Gardner would like to express gratitude to the School of Let- viii preface ters, Art and Media, and the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, at the Uni- versity of Sydney for enabling dedicated research time and use of its facilities, as well as to the Ancient World Mapping Center for the map used in this vol- ume. Jason BeDuhn would like to acknowledge the generosity of the Goheen Fellowship of the National Humanities Center, and the many individual acts of support and kindness from the staff of the nhc. For their part in enabling his work, he would also like to thank the Northern Arizona University Intramural Grants Program, Dean Michael Vincent of the College of Arts and Letters, and Alexandra Carpino, Chair of the Department of Comparative Cultural Studies. Paul Dilley wishes to thank the American Philosophical Society, the Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung, and the University of Iowa Arts and Humanities Initia- tive for their support of his work on the project. Lastly, we would like to extend warm gratitude to the city of Dublin and to the Republic of Ireland for making the setting of our labors over the last six years so lovely and hospitable. Iain Gardner, Jason BeDuhn, Paul Dilley Dublin, June 2014 Abbreviations 1 Ke Kephalaia vol. 1: “Kephalaia of the Teacher” (eds. Polotsky 1940/Böhlig 1940 and 1966/Funk 1999 and 2000) 2 Ke Kephalaia vol. 2: “Kephalaia of the Wisdom of My Lord Mani” (eds. Gardner, BeDuhn, and Dilley, in progress) 2Ps Psalm-Book part 2 (eds. Allberry 1938/Richter 1996/Wurst 1996) ams Acta Martyrum et Sanctorum (ed. Bedjan 1890–1897) bsoas Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies cmc Cologne Mani Codex (eds. Koenen and Römer 1988) EIr Encyclopaedia Iranica gcs Die griechischen christlichen Schriftsteller der ersten Jahrhunderte Hom Homilies (eds. Polotsky 1934/Pedersen 2006) htr Harvard Theological Review jecs Journal of Early Christian Studies jras Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society k Kephalaion (chapter numbers in 1 Ke and 2 Ke) nhms Nag Hammadi and Manichaean Studies P. Kellis vi Kellis Literary Texts, vol. 2 (ed. Gardner 2007) sc Sources Chrétiennes chapter 1 An Introduction to the Chester Beatty Kephalaia Codex Iain Gardner In this volume the reader will find a series of essays occasioned by our (the edi- tors) efforts to make sense of what remains from an ancient book with the title: The Chapters of the Wisdom of My Lord Manichaios. This codex now belongs to the Chester Beatty Library in Dublin, and as the editorial team we have the honour and privilege of being the first persons to read its contents since late antiquity. This is because the codex is the unique surviving copy of a work otherwise lost, which circulated amongst followers of a once-famous religious preacher, healer and visionary; an historical figure of the third century c.e. whom the devotees termed ‘apostle’, ‘enlightener’, ‘father’ and ‘master’. Mani, (this is the usual form of his name employed in modern studies), lived dur- ing the early years of the Sasanian dynasty; and his followers (‘Manichaeans’) ascribed to him divine wisdom and knowledge of all things. They were eager to demonstrate the superiority of Mani’s teachings, the recognition of his mastery by others, and in particular the success he enjoyed amongst religious sages of the time, nobles at court, and even the ‘king of kings’ himself. Since this context is a particularly striking feature of the narrative, we have given this volume the title: Mani at the Court of the Persian Kings. The word translated as Chapters in the codex title is a Greek term, κεφάλαια. In what follows we will generally refer to this book as the ‘Chester Beatty Kepha- laia’; this is because many different works circulated in the ancient world under variations of the name.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Masarykova Univerzita Filozofická Fakulta Magisterská Diplomová Práce
    Masarykova Univerzita Filozofická fakulta Ústav klasických studií Mediteránní studia Magisterská diplomová práce 2018 Bc. Zuzana Mitrengová 1 Masarykova Univerzita Filozofická fakulta Ústav klasických studií Mediteránní studia Bc. Zuzana Mitrengová Osudy antické filozofie po uzavření platónské Akademie na Východě Magisterská diplomová práce Vedoucí práce: doc. Mgr. Katarina Petrovićová, Ph.D. 2018 2 Prohlašuji, že jsem uvedenou diplomovou práci vypracovala samostatně s využitím uvedených pramenů a literatury. ................................... 3 Poděkování Ráda bych poděkovala vedoucí mé práce, doc. Mgr. Katarině Petrovićové, Ph.D., za její trpělivost, cenné rady a podnětné vedení. 4 1 Obsah 1 OBSAH .................................................................................................................................... 5 2 ÚVOD ...................................................................................................................................... 6 3 BYZANC A KLASICKÁ VZDĚLANOST V 4. – 9. STOLETÍ ................................................................ 7 3.1 NOVOPLATÓNISMUS A JEHO PŘEDSTAVITELÉ .................................................................................. 13 3.2 CENTRA NOVOPLATÓNSKÉ FILOZOFIE ............................................................................................ 19 3.2.1 Atény ................................................................................................................................ 19 3.2.2 Alexandrie .......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Christian Historical Imagination in Late Antique Iraq
    OXFORD EARLY CHRISTIAN STUDIES General Editors Gillian Clark Andrew Louth THE OXFORD EARLY CHRISTIAN STUDIES series includes scholarly volumes on the thought and history of the early Christian centuries. Covering a wide range of Greek, Latin, and Oriental sources, the books are of interest to theologians, ancient historians, and specialists in the classical and Jewish worlds. Titles in the series include: Basil of Caesarea, Gregory of Nyssa, and the Transformation of Divine Simplicity Andrew Radde-Gallwitz (2009) The Asceticism of Isaac of Nineveh Patrik Hagman (2010) Palladius of Helenopolis The Origenist Advocate Demetrios S. Katos (2011) Origen and Scripture The Contours of the Exegetical Life Peter Martens (2012) Activity and Participation in Late Antique and Early Christian Thought Torstein Theodor Tollefsen (2012) Irenaeus of Lyons and the Theology of the Holy Spirit Anthony Briggman (2012) Apophasis and Pseudonymity in Dionysius the Areopagite “No Longer I” Charles M. Stang (2012) Memory in Augustine’s Theological Anthropology Paige E. Hochschild (2012) Orosius and the Rhetoric of History Peter Van Nuffelen (2012) Drama of the Divine Economy Creator and Creation in Early Christian Theology and Piety Paul M. Blowers (2012) Embodiment and Virtue in Gregory of Nyssa Hans Boersma (2013) The Chronicle of Seert Christian Historical Imagination in Late Antique Iraq PHILIP WOOD 1 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries # Philip Wood 2013 The moral rights of the author have been asserted First Edition published in 2013 Impression: 1 All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • Islamic Thought in the Dialogue of Cultures Themes in Islamic Studies
    Islamic Thought in the Dialogue of Cultures Themes in Islamic Studies VOLUME 7 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.nl/tis Islamic Thought in the Dialogue of Cultures A Historical and Bibliographical Survey By Hans Daiber LEIDEN • bosTON 2012 Cover illustration: Abū Gǎ ʿfar Ḫāzin al-Ḫurāsānī (first half of the 4th/10th c.) Masʾalat al-Handasa. A Treatise on Euclid’s Parallels Postulate, an Unknown Commentary on Euclid’s Elements. Copy from the year 867/1462. Daiber collection III ms. 137, text nr. 397, fols. 3v–4r Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Daiber, Hans, 1942- Islamic thought in the dialogue of cultures : a historical and bibliographical survey / By Hans Daiber. p. cm. — (Themes in Islamic studies ; v. 7) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-22227-4 (hardback : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-23204-4 (e-book) 1. Islamic philosophy—History. 2. Islamic philosophy—Influence. 3. Islamic philosophy— Greek influences. 4. Islamic philosophy—Bibliography. I. Title. B741.D25 2012 181’.07—dc23 2012015660 ISSN 1389-823X ISBN 978 90 04 22227 4 (hardback) ISBN 978 90 04 23204 4 (e-book) Copyright 2012 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Gondeshapur Revisited; What Historical Evidence?
    Gondeshapur Revisited; What Historical Evidence? History of Medicine Gondeshapur Revisited; What Historical Evidence? Touraj Nayernouri MDƔ Abstract In recent years, in European academic circles, there has been a trend to dismiss Gondeshapur as a myth perpetrated by the Bokhtishu IDPLO\LQHDUO\,VODPLFHUDGHVSLWHPDQ\KLVWRULRJUDSKLFDODWWHVWDWLRQV7KHZULWLQJVRI,VODPLFKLVWRULDQVVXFKDV$O4LIWLDQG,EQ$EL8VDLELD have been discounted as exaggerations by non-contemporary historians, and the lack of primary Pahlavi sources blamed for historical hyperbole. In this essay, I have attempted to show through primary Syriac Christian texts, that there was both a medical school and a bimarestan in Gondeshapur in pre-Islamic Sassanid era, and that Galenic medical texts had been translated and taught in that institution. Cite this article as: Nayernouri T. Gondeshapur Revisited; What Historical Evidence? Arch Iran Med. 2017; 20(4): 254 – 260. Introduction a retrospective historiography initiated by the Bokhtishu family of Nestorian Christian physicians at the court of the Caliphs in n 2008, I read a review of Noga Arikha’s book ‘Passion and Baghdad, who originally hailed from Gondeshapur, and “who Tempers: A history of Humours’ by Vivian Nutton in the forged a narrative which would provide them with a mythical and I 1HZ(QJODQG-RXUQDORI0HGLFLQH>1RYHPEHU@,Q glorious past to give more weight and depth to their position at the that review, Nutton dismissed Gondeshapur as “a provincial back court.1>SDJH@ water” which could not have had a “crucial role in the transmission As an unkind quirk of circumstances, there are very few extant of humoural medicine to the Arab world”. written records of Iranian history, whether from the times of the Having sent a scathing email to Nutton, stating that I had Achamenids, the Parthians or the Sassanian era; a time span WDNHQ ³XPEUDJH DW WKLV XQTXDOL¿HG DQG KLVWRULFDOO\ LQVHQVLWLYH of over a thousand years, such that primary Iranian sources statement”, and mentioned the writings of several historians of throughout these years is minimal.
    [Show full text]
  • Turkislamfelsefesitarihi.Pdf
    TÜRK-İSLÂM FELSEFESİ TARİHİ I FELSEFELİSANS PROGRAMI PROF. DR. M. CÜNEYT KAYA İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ AÇIK VE UZAKTAN EĞİTİM FAKÜLTESİ İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ AÇIK VE UZAKTAN EĞİTİM FAKÜLTESİ FELSEFE LİSANS PROGRAMI TÜRK-İSLÂM FELSEFESİ TARİHİ I Prof. Dr. M. Cüneyt Kaya Yazar Notu Elinizdeki bu eser, İstanbul Üniversitesi Açık ve Uzaktan Eğitim Fakültesi’nde okutulmak için hazırlanmış bir ders notu niteliğindedir. ÖNSÖZ VII. yüzyılın başlarında kadîm medeniyet havzalarında canlılığını neredeyse kaybetmiş olan felsefe, yaklaşık iki yüzyıl sonra Bağdat’ta başlayan ve Helenistik dünyada oluşan felsefî birikimin Arapça’ya aktarılmasını sağlayan tercüme hareketi sayesinde tekrar hayat buldu. Tercüme edilen eserler, inşa edilmekte olan çok dinli, çok ırklı ve çok kültürlü İslâm medeniyetinin farklı entelektüel ilgi ve ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda müslümanlar tarafından yeniden ele alındı. Bu da dünya felsefe tarihinin en eşsiz felsefî geleneklerinden biri olan İslâm felsefesini tarih sahnesine çıkardı. “Türk-İslâm Felsefesi Tarihi” adıyla iki dönemlik planlanan bu dersin ilk kısmında İslâm felsefesinin mahiyeti, İslâm medeniyetindeki konumu, diğer disiplinlerle ilişkisi, nasıl bir felsefî ve düşünsel ortamda ortaya çıktığı ele alınacak ve ardından İslâm felsefesinin ilk temsilcilerinden Kindî ve Fârâbî’nin felsefî sistemleri ana hatlarıyla incelenecektir. Filozofların hayatları ve eserlerine dair genel bir bilgi verildikten sonra felsefe anlayışları, yöntemleri, metafizik ve kozmoloji anlayışları ile psikoloji ve nefs öğretileri (epistemoloji) üzerinde
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Persian Literature Volume XVII Volumes of a History of Persian Literature
    A History of Persian Literature Volume XVII Volumes of A History of Persian Literature I General Introduction to Persian Literature II Persian Poetry in the Classical Era, 800–1500 Panegyrics (qaside), Short Lyrics (ghazal); Quatrains (robâ’i) III Persian Poetry in the Classical Era, 800–1500 Narrative Poems in Couplet form (mathnavis); Strophic Poems; Occasional Poems (qat’e); Satirical and Invective poetry; shahrâshub IV Heroic Epic The Shahnameh and its Legacy V Persian Prose VI Religious and Mystical Literature VII Persian Poetry, 1500–1900 From the Safavids to the Dawn of the Constitutional Movement VIII Persian Poetry from outside Iran The Indian Subcontinent, Anatolia, Central Asia after Timur IX Persian Prose from outside Iran The Indian Subcontinent, Anatolia, Central Asia after Timur X Persian Historiography XI Literature of the early Twentieth Century From the Constitutional Period to Reza Shah XII Modern Persian Poetry, 1940 to the Present Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan XIII Modern Fiction and Drama XIV Biographies of the Poets and Writers of the Classical Period XV Biographies of the Poets and Writers of the Modern Period; Literary Terms XVI General Index Companion Volumes to A History of Persian Literature: XVII Companion Volume I: The Literature of Pre- Islamic Iran XVIII Companion Volume II: Literature in Iranian Languages other than Persian Kurdish, Pashto, Balochi, Ossetic; Persian and Tajik Oral Literatures A HistorY of Persian LiteratUre General Editor – Ehsan Yarshater Volume XVII The Literature of Pre-Islamic Iran Companion Volume I to A History of Persian Literature Edited by Ronald E. Emmerick & Maria Macuch Sponsored by Persian Heritage Foundation (New York) & Center for Iranian Studies, Columbia University Published in 2009 by I.
    [Show full text]
  • Musicalization in Qualified Media of Poetry and Painting
    Musicalization in Qualified Media of Poetry and Painting (Inter)mediality in šāhnāmeh and Its Illustrations D i s s e r t a t i o n zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Philosophie in der Philosophischen Fakultät der Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen vorgelegt von (Farzaneh Soorani) Aus (Iran) (2018) Gedruckt mit Genehmigung der Philosophischen Fakultät der Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Dekan: Prof. Dr. Jürgen Leonhardt Hauptberichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Klaus Sachs-Hombach Mitberichterstatterin: Prof. Dr. Ingrid Hotz-Davies Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: (Druck oder Verlag und Ort) ii Acknowledgement به نام خداوند جان و خرد کزین برتر اندیشه برنگذرد Great lord of life and wisdom! In thy name Which to transcend no flight of thought may claim (Ferdowsi) It is my pleasure to acknowledge the roles of several individuals who were instrumental for the completion of my Ph.D. Research. I owe my deepest gratitude to my advisor Professor Klaus Sachs-Hombach. Without his continuous optimism and support concerning this work, this study would hardly have been completed. I also express my warmest gratitude to my second supervisor Professor Ingrid Hotz-Davies, who patiently guided me during the last year. My special appreciation goes to Dr. Brunner, for his friendship and encouragement and for providing financial assistance, which bolstered me to perform my work comfortably. He offered emotional and logistical counsel in times when I felt that earning a Ph.D. was surely the worst decision I had ever made. Lukas Wilde was my primary adviser in the final stages of my research. The final version of the "introduction" has benefited enormously from his demand for clarity and his help constructing a strong argument.
    [Show full text]
  • The Intercultural Relationship Between Persian and English Literature: a Translational Perspective
    Salavati 1 The Intercultural Relationship between Persian and English Literature: A Translational Perspective (With Emphasis on the Role of Sir William Jones) Dipartimento di Studi Europi, Americani e Interculturali Dottorato in Scienze del Testo Curriculum di Letterature in Lingua Inglese Candidata Parastoo Salavati Supervisore Prof. Giorgio Mariani 26 Febbraio 2020 Salavati 2 Abstract This PhD dissertation scrutinizes some of Edward Said's notions concerning Western imperialism and colonialism as the hidden targets of Orientalism, presented in his celebrated book, Orientalism. It also demonstrates that Said's political ideas have prevented him from conceiving the literary and cultural bonds which were created between the Orient and the Occident via the endeavors of the Orientalists. In a historical context, this study explores the influence of Persian literature on the development of English poetry particularly during the Romantic Period. It also designates that German Romanticism and American Transcendentalism were inspired by Oriental literature and philosophy, conveyed to them through the translated works. Accordingly, the significance of translation in transmitting literature and culture between nations is examined. Focusing on Sir William Jones as the counterexample of Said's prototype of Orientalists, the study investigates the influence of Jones' translations on European literary works during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in England. This dissertation concludes that literature is man's universal and immortal legacy which is improbable to be colonized, contrary to Said' hypothesis. It also proves that some Orientalists devoted their life to transfer the literature and culture of the Oriental lands to the world, not to dominate them, but based on love and enthusiasm.
    [Show full text]
  • 13887 Saturday FEBRUARY 20, 2021 Esfand 2, 1399 Rajab 8, 1442
    WWW.TEHRANTIMES.COM I N T E R N A T I O N A L D A I L Y 8 Pages Price 50,000 Rials 1.00 EURO 4.00 AED 42nd year No.13887 Saturday FEBRUARY 20, 2021 Esfand 2, 1399 Rajab 8, 1442 IRGC official says Iran’s Persepolis down Daesh confirm fighting Iran, a role model in West conventional arms Gol Gohar at Iran alongside Saudi mercenaries Asia for NCDs control: non-negotiable Page 2 Professional League Page 3 in Yemen Page 5 WHO official Page 7 Iran urges U.S. to lift all sanctions TEHRAN – Iran has called on the United 2231: U.S. unconditionally & effectively Can Russia and China States and Europe to put an end to U.S. lift all sanctions imposed, re-imposed or sanctions and return to compliance with re-labeled by Trump. We will then im- the 2015 nuclear deal. mediately reverse all remedial measures. Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Simple: #CommitActMeet,” Zarif said in Javad Zarif said on Friday that the U.S. a tweet on Friday. restore balance to JCPOA? should lift all sanctions if it wants Iran The tweet came after the Biden admin- to reverse its nuclear measures. istration a rescinded former President “U.S. acknowledged Pompeo’s claims Donald Trump’s restoration of all U.N. See page 3 regarding Resolution 2231 had no legal sanctions on Iran. validity. We agree. In compliance with Continued on page 3 Persian Gulf Arab states seek to usurp Iranian illumination: artist TEHRAN – Iranian illuminator Zeinab however, Turkey is also active in this Shahi, whose works have been showcased field, attracting illuminations created in several international events across the by Iranian artists.” world, has said that the Persian Gulf Arab “But, they want Iranian artworks with- states are seeking to usurp Iranian illu- out the signatures of their creators.
    [Show full text]
  • Syrian Christian Intellectuals in the World of Islam: Faith, the Philosophical Life, and the Quest for an Interreligious Convivencia in Abbasid Times
    ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ SYRIAN CHRISTIAN INTELLECTUALS IN THE WORLD OF ISLAM: FAITH, THE PHILOSOPHICAL LIFE, AND THE QUEST FOR AN INTERRELIGIOUS CONVIVENCIA IN ABBASID TIMES SIDNEY GRIFFITH CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA I cerns.3 By far the most well-known of these is the patriarch’s account of his debate with he earliest Christian intellectual the caliph al-Mahdī (775-785) on the beliefs on record to enjoy a regular entrée and practices of the Christians.4 to the highest levels of the Patriarch Timothy’s account of his de- Abbasid elite in Baghdad was un- fense of Christian doctrine and practice in Tdoubtedly Patriarch Timothy I (727-823) the majlis of the caliph al-Mahdī, sometimes who for forty-three years (780-743) served listed among his works as Letter LIX, was as the major hierarch of the so-called destined to become one of the classics ‘Nestorian’ Church of the East,1 first in among the Christian apologies of the early Seleucia-Ctesiphon and then in Baghdad.2 Islamic period. It circulated in its original While the patriarch was no doubt fluent in Syriac in a fuller and in an abbreviated Arabic, he wrote in Syriac. And among the form,5 and it was soon translated into Ara- many works ascribed to him, most of which bic,6 in which language the account of have not survived to modern times, some Timothy’s day in the caliph’s court has en- fifty-nine letters are still extant, of the ap- joyed a long popularity, extending well into proximately two-hundred he is known to modern times.
    [Show full text]
  • The Syriac School of Nisibis and the Transmission of Greek Educational Experience to the Persian Empire
    Adam Izdebski C racow CULTURAL CONTACTS BETWEEN THE SUPERPOWERS OF LATE ANTIQUITY: THE SYRIAC SCHOOL OF NISIBIS AND THE TRANSMISSION OF GREEK EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCE TO THE PERSIAN EMPIRE Introduction Any scholar of antiquity who reads that most famous of texts created within the late antique East Syriac School of Nisibis – its Statutes, or literally, the Canons – is struck by the similarity of its institutions1 to those of a Graeco-Roman philosophical community. This initially surprising analogy, together with the grand scale of the school’s educa- tional project – providing students with intellectual skills ranging from basic literacy to Aristotelian logic and, fi nally, enabling them to interpret the Scriptures within the East Syriac exegetical tradition – has led many scholars to call this school the ‘fi rst university of Christianity’, or even simply the ‘fi rst university’.2 Although such seemingly anach- ronistic qualifi cations may not do justice to the School’s actual character and wider sig- nifi cance, it remains true that we can demonstrate substantial parallels in a scholarly community’s organisation and self-defi nition between the School of Nisibis and other educational centres that existed in the Graeco-Roman Mediterranean during the same period. In modern scholarship, there is a long tradition devoted to this fascinating con- nection. Recently, in the concluding pages of his monograph on the School of Nisibis, Adam Becker suggested that one may consider the parallels between the Nisibis com- munity and the late antique philosophical schools to be of a very general character, and cannot be attributed to any real contact or infl uence.3 However, as this paper will attempt to demonstrate, there exists suffi cient evidence to reconstruct at least some routes of communication through which Greek ideas would have reached late antique Mesopotamia and contributed to the development of the School’s organisation and self-defi nition.
    [Show full text]
  • Using Islamic Feminist Discourse to Unfold Gender Issues in Qaisra Shahraz’S the Holy Woman (2001)
    Running Head : USING ISLAMIC FEMINIST DISCOURSE TO UNFOLD GENDER ISSUES 1" ICLLCE 2015-3 Normazla Ahmad Mahir Using Islamic Feminist Discourse to Unfold Gender Issues in Qaisra Shahraz’s The Holy Woman (2001) Normazla Ahmad Mahir*a, Norhaili Massarib aFaculty of Major Language Studies, Islamic Sciences University of Malaysia, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia bFaculty of Major Language Studies, Islamic Sciences University of Malaysia, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia *Corresponding Author: [email protected] ABSTRACT The The 9/11 attack on New York World Trade Centre has somehow popularized the term ‘Islamophobia’ and contributes to the marginalisation of Muslims in America and Britain. Being minority in Britain, the Muslims find it hard to be accepted among the western societies. It is hard to be a Muslim in Britain and even harder for its Muslim women. Placed in a double bind situation, the contemporary Muslim women writers have yet to counter lopsided and inaccurate notions about their perceived gender oppression. In a climate of mistrust and marginalisation of Muslims, British Muslim women writers have played a significant role in informing the mainstream society about their religion and identity. One of them is Qaisra Shahraz (1958- ). In The Holy Woman (2001), Shahraz explicates the gender question according to the teachings of Islam and locates the fine differences between Islamic teachings and culturally inflected practices; such as the impositon of the unislamic, ‘barbaric’ ancient traditon of Shahzadi Ibadat (The Holy Woman) by the feudal class. Within the setting of a traditional patriarchal society in Sindh Pakistan, Shahraz has finely crafted her work revolving around the internal conflicts as experienced by her protagonist, Zarri Bano.
    [Show full text]