DOCSLIB.ORG

Sexual Reproduction in Seed Plants, Ferns and Mosses

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sexual Reproduction in Seed Plants, Ferns and Mosses Sexual reproduction in seed plants, ferns and mosses Proceedings of the 8th international symposium on sexual reproduction inseed plants, ferns andmosses 20-24August 1984, Wageningen, the Netherlands M.T.M. Willemse and J.L. van Went (compilers) -^ BIBUO FF (Stichting voor: gredeling) Droevendi INGEN CPRO-DLO BIBLIOTHEEK Postbus1 6 6700A A Wageningen Pudoc Wageningen 1985 CONTENTS The 8th international symposium on sexual reproduction in seed plants, ferns and mosses 10 Congres "organization 11 PART 1 Microsporogenesis, microgametogenesis, anther and pollen germination in vitro 13 Brown, R.C. & B.E. Lemmon. Ultrastructure of meiosis in the moss Entodon seductrix 15 Chauhan, E. & M. Lai. Cytochemical and ultrastructural tudies on sporogenesis in the moss Physcomitrium cyathicarpum Mitt 16 Bednara, J. & B. Rodkiewicz. Distribution of plastids and mitochondria during sporo­ genesis in Equisetum hyemale 17 Keijzer, C.J. Anther development of Gasteria 20 Shridhar & D. Singh. Anther development and pollen formation in Cucurbitaceae 21 Souvré, A., L. Albertini, A.C. Dhar & M. Petitprez. Microspore and pollen grain forma­ tion in Rhoeo discolor Hance 24 Pacini, E., G.G. Franchi & L.M. Bellani. Pollen grain development in the olive (Olea europaea L.): ultrastructure and anomalies , 25 Sou^é, A., L. Albertini & A.C. Dhar. The effect of cold (4 °C) on H-proline and C-hydroxyproline incorporation in microspores, tapetum arid connective of Rhoeo discolor Hance. A radioautographic study 28 Wiermann, R. Biochemistry of pollen pigmentation 32 Herich, R. & A. Lux. Degradation of tapetal cell nuclei during the formation of micro­ spores 33 Jensen, W.A. The effect of a chemical hybridiying agent on the development of wheat pollen 34 Habintore, E., J.P. Tilquin & A. Serrhini. Genetical approach of autosterility in Camélia sinensis L 35 Sawhney, V.K. Hormonal and temperature control of male-sterility in a tomato mutant 36 Van Marrewijk, G.A.M. & L.C.J.M. Suurs. Characterization of cytoplasmic male sterility in Petunia x hybrida (Hook) Vilm 39 Bino, R.J., S.J. de Hoop & A. van der Neut. Cytochemical localization of cytochrome oxidase in anthers of cytoplasmic male sterile Petunia hybrida (Hook.) Vilm 44 Noher de Halac, I. Sterility of microspores in Oenothera hookeri Velans 47 Noher de Halac, I. Stages of tapetal cell cell development in sterile anthers of Oeno­ thera hookeri Velans 50 Tan, M.M.C., 3. de Bruin, G.A.M. van Marrewijk, A.J. Kool & H.J.J. Nijkamp. Isolation of Petunia hybrida cytoplasts 51 Schröder, M.B. & R. Hagemann. Plastid content of generative cells in Liliaceae 52 Hagemann, R. & M.B. Schröder. New results about the presence of plastids in generative and sperm cells of Gramineae 53 Rowley, J.R. & B. Walles. The surface coating of microspores and microspore mother cells in Pinus sylvestris 56 Willemse, M.T.M. Light absorption of pollen tube walls 57 Barnabas, B. Effect of water loss on germination ability of maize pollen 58 Van Lammeren, A.A.M. Microtubular configurations during endosperm and pollen develop­ ment in Zea and Gasteria as visualized by immunofluorescence 59 Derksen, J. & J.A. Traas. Growth of tobacco tubes in vitro; effects of drugs interfering with the cytoskeleton 64 Miki-Hirosige, H., S. Nakamura & Y. Yamada. Fine structural research on germinating lily pollen tubes in vitro and in vivo 68 Kroh, M. & B. Knuiman. Membrane-structure and events in non-plasmolyzed and plasmo- lyzed tobacco pollen tubes: a freeze-fracture study 71 Cresti, M., F. Ciampolini, D.L.M. Mulcahy & G. Mulcahy. Ultrastructure of Nicotiana alata and Petunia hybrida pollen tubes grown in semi-vitro conditions 72 Hough, T., P. Bernardt, R.B. Knox & E.G. Williams. Use of fluorochromes in pollen biology 73 Cadic, A., R.S. Sangwan & B.S. Sangwan-Norreel. Stress related structural modifications in the pollen of Datura 74 Dashek, W.V., C.S. Ridenour & R.R. Mills. Lilium longiflorum pollen germination and tube elongation as markers for solfur dioxide 75 Sangwan, R.S. & B.S, „Sangwan-Norreel. Early indicators of in vitro transformation from gametophyte to sporophyte in Datura 76 PART 2 Stigma, incompatibility and pollen germination in vivo 79 Ramm-Anderson, S. & R.B. Knox. Localization of pollen surface glycoproteins using monoclonal antibodies 81 Said, C, P. Zandonella, T. Gaude & C. Dumas. Cytochemistry of the stigma surface components using the print technique 83 Owens, S.J. Stigma structure and the pollen-stigma interaction in Caesalpinioideae - Leguminosae 84 Kenrick, 3., P. Bernardt, R. Marginson, G. Beresford & R.B. Knox. Acacia breeding systems 88 Kormutâk, A. Incompatibility between Pinus nigra Arn. and Pinus sylvestris L. and overcoming it with chemomutagenic substances 90 Wojciechowska, W. Immediate distinction between self-pollination and cross-pollination and between self-compatibility and self-incompatibility in Papilionaceae - prelimina­ ry report 93 Serrhini, A., 3.P. Tilquin & E. Habintore. Cytological approac of sterility and incompati­ bility in Tea (Camélia sinensis) 96 Tilquin, J.P., A. Serrhini & E. Habintore. Incompatibility in Camélia sinensis; a general approach 97 Nakanishi, T. & M. Sawano. Pollen tube behavior by carbon dioxide in relation to over­ coming self-incompatibility in Brassica 99 O'Neill, P., M.B. Singh, T.F. Neales, R.B. Knox & E.G. Williams. Carbon dioxide blocks the stigma callose response following incompatible pollinations in Brassica .100 Gaude, T., A. Palloix, Y. Hervé & C. Dumas. Molecular interpretation of overcoming self-incompatibility in Brassica , 102 Dickinson, H.G., I.N. Roberts, C.J. Elleman, G. Harrocf, & M.I. Zuberi. Early events on the Brassica stigma following compatible and incompatible intraspecific matings 105 Hodgkin, T. & G.D. Lyon. Pollen germination inhibitors associated with the self-incom­ patible response of Brassica oleracea L 108 Kenrick, J., V. Kaul & R.B. Knox. Self-incompatibility in the nitrogen-fixing tree Le­ gume, Acacia retinodes: pre- or post-zygotic mechanism? Ill Larsen, K. Cell surface recognition glycoproteins and their possible role in angiosperm self-incompatibility 112 Rouse, J.L., R.B. Knox & E.G. Williams. Unilateral hybridization in Rhododendron 115 Kaul, V., J.L. Rouse, R.B. Knox & E.G. Williams. Early post-fertilization development in Rhododendron 116 Willemse, M.T.M. & M.A.W. Franssen-Verheijen. Pollen tube penetration in the style of Gasteria 118 Williams, E.G., P. O'Neill & T. Hough. The pollen • tube as an experimental growth system v 119 Gilissen, L.J.W. & F.A. Hoekstra. Style-controJled corolla wilting'in Petunia hybrida L 121 PART 3 Megasporogenesis, ovary, embryo sac development, fertilization and embryo and endo­ sperm development 123 Sheffield, E. & E.G. Cutter. Cryo scanning electron microscopy of reproduction in cryptogams 125 Tigerschiöld, E. Gametangia in Ceylonese species of the fern familie Thelypteridaceae 126 Llewellyn, G.C.,* J.D. Reynolds & W.V. Dashek. Water fern (Marsilea quadrifolia) repro­ duction as a bioassay for aflatoxin B. and T-2 Tricothecene toxin 127 Pennell, R.I. & P.R. Bell. Fertilization in Taxus baccata L 131 Polito,. V.S. & Nai Yan Li. Pistillate flower differentiation in Juglans regis: a develop­ mental basis for heterodichogamy 134 Went, J.L. van, N.M. van Beek & J.M. van Tuyl. Ovule development in relation to ovule position and flower development in Lilium 135 Sniezko, R. & C. Harte. Genetic basis of callose pattern, megaspore degeneration and polarity in the ovules of Oenothera 136 Schulz, P. Ultrastructure and ultracytochemical localization of acid phosphatase in the dyad, tetrad and developing megaspore of Capseila bursa-pastoris 137 Cass, Û. & D. Peteya. Aspects of megagametogensis in Hordeum vulgare HO Wilms, H.J. Behaviour of spinach cells in pollen tubes prior to fertilization 143 Russell, S.D. Sperm specificity in Plumbago zeylanica 145 McConchie, Ç.A., S. Jobson & R.B. Knox. The structure of sperm cells in Brassica 147 Kadej, A. & F. Kadej. Sperm cells in the fertilization process in Lycopersicon esculentum 149 Czapik, R. Secondary nucleus in Rosoideae 150 Van Went, J.L., C.H. Theunis & A.P.M. den Nijs: Embryo sac ultrastructure before and after fertilization in Cucumis stivus 153 Bannikova, V.P. & T.A. Plyushch. Embryo sac ultrastructure in Peperomia blanda H.B. et K. before and after fertilization 155 Choisez-Givron, D. Sexual reproduction in the genus Fuchsia. Embryogenesis in F. Fulgens 156 Longly, B., T. Rabau & B.-P. Louant. A cytological method for detecting coexistence of sexual and diplosporic reproductive processes 1 157 Abeln, Y.S., H.J. Wilms & A.J.P. van Wijk. Initiation of apomictic seed production in Kentucky bluegrass, Poa pratensis L 160 Nijs, A.P.M. den & P. Milotay. Pollination and fertilization in pickling and slicing cucumbers 165 Singh, M.B., R.B. Knox & E.G. Williams. Gamete competition in oil seed rape: effect of pollen - galactosidase deficiency on fertilization 166 Georgieva, I.D. Cytochemical investication of Lilium regale embryogenesis after pollina­ tion with -irradiated pollen 167 Erdelskâ, O. Some structural features of the embryo/endosperm interaction in angio- sperms 168 Schel, J.H.N., A.A.M. van Lammeren & H. Kieft. Ultrastructural analysis of embryo- endosperm interactions in developing maize seeds (Zea mays L.) 171 Shah, C.K. Reproductive physiology of Limnophyton obtusifolium (L.) Mig. A histochemi- cal analysis 172 Shah, C.K. Grass embryos - A SEM and histochemical analysis 173 Viegi, L. & G.C. Renzoni. DNA measurements in the chalazal proliferating cells of Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic 176 Ryczkowski, M. Respiration rate of the embryo in its natural environment in vitro 177 Ryczkowski, M., A. Kowalska & W. Reczynski. Element concentrations in the s^p sur­ rounding the developing embryo 180 Borzan, Z. Hybridization between Pinus nigra and Pinus sylvestris and morphology of chromosomes 181 Pretovd, A. In Vitro embryogenesis of flax (Linum usitatissium) 182 Maheswaran, G. & E.G. Williams. Direct somatic embryogenesis for rapid genotype propagation 183 Batygina, T.B. Applied aspects of embryology 185 Chebotarus, A.A.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Plant Reproduction Angiosperm Specific Adaptations Angiosperms
    4/15/2013 Gymnosperms Angiosperms Pterophytes Seeds Plant Reproduction Lycophytes Bryophytes Vascular tissue Green algae: BI 103 Plant-Animal A&P Chlorophytes Turn in Homework #1 Land plants Angiosperm specific adaptations • Unlike other plants they have: Why do plants have flowers? In – Flowers other words, what are the – Double fertilization advantages of flowering? – Fruit Discuss this question in groups Alternating Generations In more advanced plants, the sporophyte generation is Angiosperms: the Flowering plants dominant. Why do plants have flowers? Enlists partnerships with insects and other animals Less inbreeding Higher probability the pollen will reach the right plant They don’t have to produce as much pollen 1 4/15/2013 How is pollen an adaptation to land? Alternation of generations modified Allows fertilization to occur even in the absence • Pollen= Male gametophyte of available water. Contains sperm • Ovule= Female gametophyte water Contains egg Moss fertilization Pollen grains Anthers with microspores Microspore to pollen 1. The microspores divides by mitosis to produce two cells Generative cell (1n) Tube cell== vegetative nucleus (1n) 2. A two layered wall develops around the microspore to become the pollen 3. The generative cell undergoes division once more 3n total (3 nuclei) in pollen Double fertilization Fruit development 1. Two pollen nuclei enter ovule 2. One fuses with the egg to form the zygote 3. The other fuses with 2 central cell nuclei to become the endosperm (3n), food for the zygote Becomes the seed! Becomes
    [Show full text]
  • Auxin Regulation Involved in Gynoecium Morphogenesis of Papaya Flowers
    Zhou et al. Horticulture Research (2019) 6:119 Horticulture Research https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-019-0205-8 www.nature.com/hortres ARTICLE Open Access Auxin regulation involved in gynoecium morphogenesis of papaya flowers Ping Zhou 1,2,MahparaFatima3,XinyiMa1,JuanLiu1 and Ray Ming 1,4 Abstract The morphogenesis of gynoecium is crucial for propagation and productivity of fruit crops. For trioecious papaya (Carica papaya), highly differentiated morphology of gynoecium in flowers of different sex types is controlled by gene networks and influenced by environmental factors, but the regulatory mechanism in gynoecium morphogenesis is unclear. Gynodioecious and dioecious papaya varieties were used for analysis of differentially expressed genes followed by experiments using auxin and an auxin transporter inhibitor. We first compared differential gene expression in functional and rudimentary gynoecium at early stage of their development and detected significant difference in phytohormone modulating and transduction processes, particularly auxin. Enhanced auxin signal transduction in rudimentary gynoecium was observed. To determine the role auxin plays in the papaya gynoecium, auxin transport inhibitor (N-1-Naphthylphthalamic acid, NPA) and synthetic auxin analogs with different concentrations gradient were sprayed to the trunk apex of male and female plants of dioecious papaya. Weakening of auxin transport by 10 mg/L NPA treatment resulted in female fertility restoration in male flowers, while female flowers did not show changes. NPA treatment with higher concentration (30 and 50 mg/L) caused deformed flowers in both male and female plants. We hypothesize that the occurrence of rudimentary gynoecium patterning might associate with auxin homeostasis alteration. Proper auxin concentration and auxin homeostasis might be crucial for functional gynoecium morphogenesis in papaya flowers.
    [Show full text]
  • FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Fuchsia Boliviana Global Invasive Species
    FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Fuchsia boliviana Fuchsia boliviana System: Terrestrial Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Plantae Magnoliophyta Magnoliopsida Myrtales Onagraceae Common name Synonym Fuchsia boliviana , Carri?re var. luxurians Johnst.? Similar species Fuchsia magellanica, Fuchsia x exoniensis Summary Fuchsia boliviana is a small tree that develops rapidly. In tropical regions where it has been introduced (such as La Réunion or Hawaii), this plant tends to dominate native plant species. The dense foliage of large stands of Fuchsia boliviana intercept the light limiting the development of native understory species. view this species on IUCN Red List Principal source: Compiler: Comité français de l'UICN (IUCN French Committee) & IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) Review: Pubblication date: 2008-03-14 ALIEN RANGE [1] REUNION [1] SAINT HELENA BIBLIOGRAPHY 7 references found for Fuchsia boliviana Managment information Varnham, K. 2006. Non-native species in UK Overseas Territories: a review. JNCC Report 372. Peterborough: United Kingdom. Summary: This database compiles information on alien species from British Overseas Territories. Available from: http://www.jncc.gov.uk/page-3660 [Accessed 10 November 2009] General information Baret, S., Rouget, M., Richardson, D. M., Lavergne, C., Egoh, B., Dupont, J., & Strasberg, D. 2006. Current distribution and potential extent of the most invasive alien plant species on La R?union (Indian Ocean, Mascarene islands). Austral Ecology, 31, 747-758. Summary: L objectif de ce papier est d identifier les zones prioritaires en mati?re de gestion des invasions biologiques ? La R?union en mod?lisant la distribution actuelle et potentiellle d une s?lection de plantes parmi les plus envahissantes.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Reproduction | Topic Notes
    Plant Reproduction | Topic Notes Sexual reproduction is the fusion of male and female gametes to produce a diploid zygote. (The new individual is genetically different from both parents). Advantages include genetic variation, reduced competition (between parent & offspring) and good chance of surviving harsh winter. A disadvantage is that there’s a long period of growth required. Structure of flowering plant: Megaspore (egg) formation & microspore (pollen) formation: The carpel (female part of the flower) is composed of the stigma (sticky to trap pollen grains), style (supports stigma in best position to trap pollen grains) and ovary (contains 1 or more ovules which following fertilisation will develop into seeds). The stamen (male part of the flower) is composed of the anther (produces pollen grains) and filament (supports anther in best position to transport pollen grains). Sepals support the developing flower before it blooms. Petals may be bright coloured in insect pollinated plants (to attract them). The receptacle is the organ from which the flower develops and functions in supporting it. Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a flower of the same species. It may be: 1. Self-pollination: the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma in the same plant. 2. Cross-pollination: the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a different plant but of the same species. 1 Plant Reproduction | Topic Notes Fertilisation is the union of a haploid male gamete with a haploid female gamete, to produce a diploid zygote. Once a pollen grain has landed on the stigma, the tube nucleus moves down through the stigma and style forming a pollen tube and enters the ovule at the micropyle, guided towards the egg by chemotropism, the tube nucleus then degenerates.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Diversity Unique Plant Adaptations Alternation Of
    8/9/2010 Land plants Origins Shared ancestor with green algae. Plant Diversity Researchers have identified green algae called charophyceans as the closest The Evolution of the relatives of land plants Photosynthetic Terrestrial Plants Unique Plant Adaptations First true land plants were short Adaptations for a terrestrial existence and required water for reproduction 1) Roots --anchoranchor the plant and absorb water & nutrients from the soil. 2) Cuticle ––aa waxy coating to prevent drying out 3) Stomata ––porespores in the leaves and stems that allow for gas exchange. 4) Conducting vessels ––forfor transport of water , minerals, and sugars through the plant body. 5) Lignin --StiffeningStiffening and support of stems. 6) Unique reproductive structures e.g. pollen –– for transporting gametes. Alternating Generations Alternation of Generations In more advanced plants sporophyte generation dominant. The alternating life cycle of plants that involves changes between a: 1)Sporophyte generation AND………. 2) G ametophyte generation 1 8/9/2010 Mosses & nonvascular plants have life Contrasting the Generations cycles dominated by gametophytes Hairy-cap moss Sporophyte Gametophyte Diploid state (double set Haploid state (half the Brown Capsule of chromosomes in cells –– amount of chromosomes full set) in cells) Sporophyte Produces seeds in seed Produces the gametes bearing plants i.e. (sperm & egg). Makes spores Predominant form in Gametophyte Predominant form in mosses & ferns (lower higher plants e.g. trees. plants). (Green & leafy) Characteristics of Mosses Life Cycle of Mosses Division Bryophytes The sporophyte forms on, and is nourished by, the dominant gametophyte Nonvascular (don’t have special methods of conducting water & minerals) ––tendtend to be very small.
    [Show full text]
  • Lesson 6: Plant Reproduction
    LESSON 6: PLANT REPRODUCTION LEVEL ONE Like every living thing on earth, plants need to make more of themselves. Biological structures wear out over time and need to be replaced with new ones. We’ve already looked at how non-vascular plants reproduce (mosses and liverworts) so now it’s time to look at vascular plants. If you look back at the chart on page 17, you will see that vascular plants are divided into two main categories: plants that produce seeds and plants that don’t produce seeds. The vascular plants that do not make seeds are basically the ferns. There are a few other smaller categories such as “horse tails” and club mosses, but if you just remember the ferns, that’s fine. So let’s take a look at how ferns make more ferns. The leaves of ferns are called fronds, and brand new leaves that have not yet totally uncoiled are called fiddleheads because they look like the scroll-shaped end of a violin. Technically, the entire frond is a leaf. What looks like a stem is actually the fern’s equivalent of a petiole. (Botanists call it a stipe.) The stem of a fern plant runs under the ground and is called a rhizome. Ferns also have roots, like all other vascular plants. The roots grow out from the bottom of the rhizome. Ferns produce spores, just like mosses do. At certain times of the year, the backside of some fern fronds will be covered with little dots called sori. Sori is the plural form, meaning more than one of them.
    [Show full text]
  • Vestured Pits in Wood of Onagraceae: Correlations with Ecology, Habit, and Phylogeny1
    VESTURED PITS IN WOOD OF Sherwin Carlquist2 and Peter H. Raven3 ONAGRACEAE: CORRELATIONS WITH ECOLOGY, HABIT, AND PHYLOGENY1 ABSTRACT All Onagraceae for which data are available have vestured pits on vessel-to-vessel pit pairs. Vestures may also be present in some species on the vessel side of vessel-to-ray pit pairs. Herbaceous Onagraceae do not have fewer vestures, although woods with lower density (Circaea L. and Oenothera L.) have fewer vestures. Some Onagraceae from drier areas tend to have smaller vessel pits, and on that account may have fewer vestures (Epilobium L. and Megacorax S. Gonz´alez & W. L. Wagner). Pit apertures as seen on the lumen side of vessel walls are elliptical, occasionally oval, throughout the family. Vestures are predominantly attached to pit aperture margins. As seen from the outer surfaces of vessels, vestures may extend across the pit cavities. Vestures are usually absent or smaller on the distal portions of pit borders (except for Ludwigia L., which grows consistently in wet areas). Distinctive vesture patterns were observed in the several species of Lopezia Cav. and in Xylonagra Donn. Sm. & Rose. Vestures spread onto the lumen-facing vessel walls of Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P. H. Raven. Although the genera are presented here in the sequence of a recent molecular phylogeny of Onagraceae, ecology and growth forms are more important than evolutionary relationships with respect to abundance, degree of grouping, and morphology of vestured pits. Designation of vesture types is not warranted based on the distribution of named types in Onagraceae and descriptive adjectives seem more useful, although more data on vesturing in the family are needed before patterns of diversity and their extent can be fully ascertained.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Communication for Coordinated Seed and Fruit Development: What Can We Learn from Auxin and Sugars?
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Molecular Communication for Coordinated Seed and Fruit Development: What Can We Learn from Auxin and Sugars? Hélène S. Robert Mendel Centre for Genomics and Proteomics of Plants Systems, CEITEC MU-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; [email protected]; Tel.: +420-549-49-8421 Received: 30 January 2019; Accepted: 19 February 2019; Published: 21 February 2019 Abstract: Seed development in flowering plants is a critical part of plant life for successful reproduction. The formation of viable seeds requires the synchronous growth and development of the fruit and the three seed structures: the embryo, the endosperm, the seed coat. Molecular communication between these tissues is crucial to coordinate these developmental processes. The phytohormone auxin is a significant player in embryo, seed and fruit development. Its regulated local biosynthesis and its cell-to-cell transport capacity make of auxin the perfect candidate as a signaling molecule to coordinate the growth and development of the embryo, endosperm, seed and fruit. Moreover, newly formed seeds need nutrients and form new carbon sink, generating high sugar flow from vegetative tissues to the seeds. This review will discuss how auxin and sugars may be considered as signaling molecules to coordinate seed and fruit development. Keywords: auxin; sucrose; embryo; embryo; endosperm; seed; fruit; molecular communication 1. Auxin in Seed Development Plant hormones are instrumental players for many aspects of plant development. In flowering plants, every step leading to seed formation requires crosstalk between various hormones: flower primordium development, floral organ development, including stamens, gynoecium patterning, ovule formation, ovule number, fertilization, seed formation, fruit initiation [1–8].
    [Show full text]
  • TAXON:Fuchsia Magellanica Lam. SCORE:18.0 RATING:High Risk
    TAXON: Fuchsia magellanica Lam. SCORE: 18.0 RATING: High Risk Taxon: Fuchsia magellanica Lam. Family: Onagraceae Common Name(s): earring flower Synonym(s): Fuchsia gracilis Lindl. hardy fuchsia Fuchsia macrostemma Ruiz & Pav. kulapepeiao lady's eardrops Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 9 Jul 2021 WRA Score: 18.0 Designation: H(HPWRA) Rating: High Risk Keywords: Smothering Shrub, Environmental Weed, Self-Compatible, Spreads Vegetatively, Bird- Dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 n 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n Creation Date: 9 Jul 2021 (Fuchsia magellanica Lam.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Reproduction
    AccessScience from McGraw-Hill Education Page 1 of 10 www.accessscience.com Plant reproduction Contributed by: Scott D. Russell Publication year: 2014 The formation of a new plant that is either an exact copy or recombination of the genetic makeup of its parents. There are three types of plant reproduction considered here: (1) vegetative reproduction, in which a vegetative organ forms a clone of the parent; (2) asexual reproduction, in which reproductive components undergo a nonsexual form of production of offspring without genetic rearrangement, also known as apomixis; and (3) sexual reproduction, in which meiosis (reduction division) leads to formation of male and female gametes that combine through syngamy (union of gametes) to produce offspring. See also: PLANT; PLANT PHYSIOLOGY. Vegetative reproduction Unlike animals, plants may be readily stimulated to produce identical copies of themselves through cloning. In animals, only a few cells, which are regarded as stem cells, are capable of generating cell lineages, organs, or new organisms. In contrast, plants generate or produce stem cells from many plant cells of the root, stem, or leaf that are not part of an obvious generative lineage—a characteristic that has been known as totipotency, or the general ability of a single cell to regenerate a whole new plant. This ability to establish new plants from one or more cells is the foundation of plant biotechnology. In biotechnology, a single cell may be used to regenerate new organisms that may or may not genetically differ from the original organism. If it is identical to the parent, it is a clone; however, if this plant has been altered through molecular biology, it is known as a genetically modified organism (GMO).
    [Show full text]
  • AS Flower Reproduction
    2/11/19 AMOEBA SISTERS: VIDEO RECAP ANGIOSPERM REPRODUCTION Amoeba Sisters Video Recap of Plant Reproduction in Angiosperms 1. What characteristics are common in angiosperms? 2. A topic emphasized in this clip is that not all fruits are sweet. Or even edible! Every plant that forms a flower must have a fruit. How would you define a “fruit?” How can fruits be • Flowering plants helpful in seed dispersal? • Bear fruit Fruit is something that has flesh AMOEBA SISTERS: VIDEO RECAP around ANGIOSPERMseeds. REPRODUCTION Amoeba Sisters Video Recap of Plant ReproductionWhen animals in Angiosperms eat them, seeds move away from parent plant. 1. What characteristics are common in angiosperms? 2. A topic emphasized in this clip is that not all fruits are sweet. Or even edible! Every plant that forms a flower must have a fruit. How would you define a “fruit?” How can fruits be helpful in seed dispersal? 3. Flowers can contain one or both genders of flower parts. 4. Flowers can contain one or both genders of flower parts. Label A, B, and C. Label D, E, F, and G. A is the ____________________________________________. D is the ____________________________________________. B is the ____________________________________________. E is the ____________________________________________. C is the ____________________________________________. F is the ____________________________________________. All of these3. Flowers are can contain one or ?both _________________________ genders of flower parts. 4. FlowersG is cathen co ____________________________________________.ntain
    [Show full text]
  • Field Identification of the 50 Most Common Plant Families in Temperate Regions
    Field identification of the 50 most common plant families in temperate regions (including agricultural, horticultural, and wild species) by Lena Struwe [email protected] © 2016, All rights reserved. Note: Listed characteristics are the most common characteristics; there might be exceptions in rare or tropical species. This compendium is available for free download without cost for non- commercial uses at http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~struwe/. The author welcomes updates and corrections. 1 Overall phylogeny – living land plants Bryophytes Mosses, liverworts, hornworts Lycophytes Clubmosses, etc. Ferns and Fern Allies Ferns, horsetails, moonworts, etc. Gymnosperms Conifers, pines, cycads and cedars, etc. Magnoliids Monocots Fabids Ranunculales Rosids Malvids Caryophyllales Ericales Lamiids The treatment for flowering plants follows the APG IV (2016) Campanulids classification. Not all branches are shown. © Lena Struwe 2016, All rights reserved. 2 Included families (alphabetical list): Amaranthaceae Geraniaceae Amaryllidaceae Iridaceae Anacardiaceae Juglandaceae Apiaceae Juncaceae Apocynaceae Lamiaceae Araceae Lauraceae Araliaceae Liliaceae Asphodelaceae Magnoliaceae Asteraceae Malvaceae Betulaceae Moraceae Boraginaceae Myrtaceae Brassicaceae Oleaceae Bromeliaceae Orchidaceae Cactaceae Orobanchaceae Campanulaceae Pinaceae Caprifoliaceae Plantaginaceae Caryophyllaceae Poaceae Convolvulaceae Polygonaceae Cucurbitaceae Ranunculaceae Cupressaceae Rosaceae Cyperaceae Rubiaceae Equisetaceae Rutaceae Ericaceae Salicaceae Euphorbiaceae Scrophulariaceae
    [Show full text]