Bibliography

Burns, A. I. (1963) Peace-Keeping by UN Forces from Suez to the Congo (London: Pall Mall Press). Durch, William J. (1993) The UN Operation in the Congo (London: Macmillan). Hoskyns, Catherine (1961) The Congo since Independence: January 1960–December 1961 (Oxford: Oxford University Press). James, Alan (1965) Britain and the Congo Crisis: 1960–63 (London: Macmillan). Marchetti, Victor and John Marks (1974) The CIA and the Cult of Intelligence (London: Jonathon Cape). O’Brien, Conor Cruise (1966) To Katanga and Back (New York: Grosset & Dunlap). Rikhe, Indar Jit (1993) UN Peace-Keeping and the Congo Crisis (New York: St Martin’s Press). Rikhe, Indar Jit (1995) The United Nations Operation in the Congo: Peace-Keeping, Peace-Making and Peace Building (London: Macmillan). Stuart, Douglas T. (1988) Africa as an Out-of-Area Problem for NATO (London: Macmillan).

194 Index

Note: the following are not shown in this index as they appear on most of the pages – Africa(n)(s), Belgian(s), Congo(lese), Europe(an)(s), (ese)(ian). —————— Aba 87 140–1, 145, 183, 169, 173–5, ABAKO 7–9, 11, 14, 23, 25–6, 180–2, 184–5, 187–8, 192 31, 61, 68, 88 APR 159, 161 Abboud, President Ibrahim 84 APROSOMA 46 ABC 68 Arusha (Tanganyika) 151, 159, ADFL 166–72, 174–7, 179, 181 189 Adoula, Cyrille 46, 52–3, 55–6, Arusha Agreement 151–2, 58–61, 63–5, 67–8, 74–5, 85, 156–7, 160 88, 97 Ascension Island 126 AFEKER 68 Association for the Defence of Africanisation 3, 8–9, 16, 107 Human Rights 178 African Plan 85 ATCAR 11 African Regional Seminar 149 Aundu, Eluki Mongoa 146 African Security Force 130–1, 133 B–26, aircraft 71 Agosta, submarine 112 Bagaza, Jean Baptiste 148 Akayesu, Jean Paul 188 Bakongo, tribe 1, 5, 7, 14–15, 41 Aketi 91 Baluba, tribe 6–8, 11, 21–2, 25, Albania 160 31–7, 39, 47–51, 56, 60, 63 Albertville 33, 35, 56, 73, 77, 91 BABUBAKAT 7–8, 11, 15, 24, 32, Albright, Madeleine 187 37–8, 65, 68, 88 Alexander, General 19–20 Bakwanga 25–6, 32, 43, 36, 49, Algeria(n)(s) 9, 68, 84, 94, 51, 66 100–1, 106, 128, 132 Bambunda 71 Algiers 126 Banana 12, 43 All African People’s Congress Bangala, tribe 21, 25, 27 6–8 Bania 177, 182, 188 Almeisa, Luis de 129 Bantu 182 Alport, Lord 54 , tribe, sect. America(n)(s) 1, 19, 30, 60, 163–6, 168, 175, 177–9, 101 71–2, 80–1, 110, 115 Banyarwanda, tribe 146 Amnesty International 138, 141, Bapende 71 178 Baraka 91 Anan, Kofi 170, 178, 186–7 Bas Congo (Lower) 8, 18, 23, 88 Anany, Jerome 97 Bashir, Omar al 187 Angola(n)(s) 4, 6, 41, 67, 70, Batetla, tribe 28 101, 103, 109, 113–6, Batwa, pygmies 13 118–20, 124–6, 130–6, Baudouin, King 14

195 196 Index

Baudouinville, ferry point 73 Bulgaria 160 Bayaka, tribe 15, 22 Bululu, Lunda 142 Belgrade, Serbia 42, 55 Bumba 91 Benaco 155 Bunia 87, 168 Benguela 4, 114 Bunche, Ralph 19–20, 22 Berlin Conference 2 Burundi 72, 75, 77–9, 87, 91, Bibomania, Adrien 148 144, 146–50, l57–8, 160, Bikomagu, General Jean 149 164–8, 188 (see also Urundi) Birindwa, Justin 146 Butare 156 Bizimumgu, Pasteur 157, 162, Buyoya, Major Pierre 148 171, 180 Black Africa 1, 6, 18, 61 C-130, aircraft 116 Bobozo, Colonel Luis 73, 91, Cabinda Strip 114 93–4, 96–7, 105 Cairo (Egypt) 42, 55, 71, 84, Bodenan, Francis 100 89–90, 92, 105, 121 Boende 76 Cameroun 11 Bokembo, Major Mpika 111 Camp Hardy 15–16, 38–9 Bokongo 96 Camp Kokolo 38, 65, 93, 97, Bolikango, Jean 11, 21, 25, 27, 100, 179 35, 95 Camp Leopoldville 15, 26, 30–1, Bolobo 69, 78 36, 38 Bolongo, General Likulia Camp Tshati 179 172–5 Canada(n)(s) 43, 167 Boma 181 Canberra, aircraft 55 Bomboko, Justin 17, 26–8, 35, Cape Town (South Africa) 174 41, 65, 195, 138 Carreira, Iko Teles 114 Bomo 180 Carter, President (USA) 116, Bond, Nguza 122, 134, 136–9, 127, 132 141, 143–5 Casement, Sir Roger 5 Bonino, Emma 170 Castro, Fidel 132 Booh Booh, Jacques 153 CDA 68 Botende, Admiral Limponda Wa CDF 88, 90 137 Central African Republic 6, 133, Brazzaville 17, 27–8, 67–9, 72, 173 78, 86, 101, 106, 113, 139, CEREA 39 143, 146, 171, 174–5, 280–1 Ceylon 42 Brussels 3–4, 6, 9–10, 12–14, 21, CFRD 139–41 30, 33, 59, 117, 124, 132, Chadian 169 134, 137–40, 178 Chamber of Representatives 15 Bucyna, Martin 152 China(ese) 69, 71, 75, 78, 94, Bugera, Deogratias 179 107, 109, 115–16, 118–19, Bujumbura 144, 149–51, 157–8 126, 133 Bukama 32 Christian 3, 88 Bukavu 39–40, 51, 72, 76, 86, CIA (USA) 72, 76, 110, 132, 141, 92–4, 101, 103, 105–6, 156, 176 164–5, 170, 179–80, 182, 188 Citizens’ Rights, department Bula Bemba island 65 141 Bulawayo (Rhodesia) 49 Civil Guard 149 ‘bullet madness’ 74 CLC 137 Index 197

College of Commissioners 30–l, Diago Cao, Portuguese navigator 33, 35–6, 40–1 107 CMD 181–3, l86–8, 191 Diaka, Mungul 136–7, 143 CNA 15–9, 22, 24–8, 31–3, Dilolo 61, 67, 103, 114, 117, 35–40, 43, 54, 49–52, 55–7, 121, 126, 129, 131, 133 59–61, 63–7, 69–77, 81–2, Djogo, General Bumba 118 84, 86–9, 91–4, 96, 98, 102–5 Dondo, Kengo Wa l38–9, 147, CNLF 126 168, 171–2, 178 CNRI 137 Dos Santos, President Jose 140, Common Front 12 186, 192 CONACO 88, 90 DRC 68, 106, 175, 178, 187, CONAKAT 7–8, 65, 68–9, 88 190–3 Congo, river 2, 4, 12, 15–17, 27, Durban (South Africa) 186 31, 65, 69, 86, 91, 97, 107, 180 East Germany 119 Congo (Brazzaville) 17, 27, 69, Eastern, province 89 75, 77–8, 86, 90, 105, 107 ECP 137 Congo-Belgium Friendship Treaty Eisenhower, President (USA) 18, 19 27 Congo Free State 1–2 Egypt(ian)(s) 65, 71, 64–5, 87, Congo Commission 21 91–3, 116, 118, 121, 133 Congo (Kinshasa) 107 Elima 110 Congo (Leopoldville) 107 Elizabethville 3–5, 7–8, 11, 15, Congo Portfolio 5 17, 20, 22, 24–7, 32, 34, Coquihatville 10, 15, 21, 44–5, 41–2, 44–5, 47–9, 52–3, 76, 83, 96–7, 121 (see also 55–63, 66, 68, 88, 95, 99 Mbandaka) (see also Lumbashi) Coquihatville Conference 44–5 Entebbe (Uganda) 167 Corsica 127, 130 Equator, province 2, 15, 23, 25, Croats 169 44, 52, 89 Cuba(n)(s) 76, 87, 113, 115–6, Eritrea 181 118–20, 125–6, 130, 132, 141 Ethiopia(n)(s) 20, 36, 42, 48, 55, Cuvette, province 90 58, 62, 103, 107, 181 Cyangugu 156, 164 Eyskens, Gaston 12 Czech 26 FAZ 143, l64–6, 168–71, 174–7 FCN 68, 74 Darkest Africa 1 FEDEKA 7, 11 Dayal, Rayeshwar 32–3, 35–6, FDD 158 40–1, 43, 49–51, 53 First World War 59 DC-3, aircraft 101 Five Nations Decision 134 Democratic Congo 168 Fizi 91, 169 Delvaux, Albert 10, 26–7, 65 Fizi Bares 1, 99 Denard, Colonel Robert 98–9, FLNC 113–5, 117–9, 121, 124, l01–3 126–7, 129–34, 137 Denmark 55 FONUS 177–8 Dendale 7, 23 Forminiere Company 66–7 D’Estaing, Giscard 112, 127 Four Year Plan 9–10 DFCK 146 FP 8, 11–12, 15, 18, 38, 176 198 Index

FPR l51–7, 164, 172 Hafwasende 87 France(ch) 2, 9, 17, 25–6, 49, Hamba, Kalume 125 53, 57, 65, 71, 76, 92, 112, Hammarskjöld, Dag 19–24, 114–5, 118–9, 121–2, 32–4, 36, 40–6, 49–50, 53–4, 126–30, l32–4, 136, 143, 145, 55, 65 149–50, 156, 159–60, 167, Harroy 46 169, 171–6, 191, 184 Hasai 170 French Congo 5–6, 16–17 Hassan, King 121, 169, 176 French Foreign Legion 127 Havana, Cuba 126, 132 FRODEBU 148 HCR 145–6 HCR-PT 145–7, 163, 166, 174 Gabon l33, 174 Hemelrijck, Maurice van 6, 9 Gambona 69, 86 Hercules, aircraft 102 Gardiner, Robin 60, 62 ‘Historic Speech’ 109 Gbenye, Victor 56, 67, 69, 72, Hitimana, Mathias 151 76, 78, 80–1, 83, 86, 89, 92, Horn, General von 20, 23–4 94, 96, 97–8 Human Rights Watch, Africa Gatabazi, Felicien 152 160 Geneva Convention(s) 77 Huta(s) 13, 46, 78–9, 144, German(s)(y) 2, 11, 17, 167 148–52, 156–8, l60–3, 165, German East Africa 11 170, 173, 179, 182, 184, 186, Ghadolite 17, 84 189, 191 Ghali, Boutros Boutros 153 Ghana(ian) 6–8, 19–20, 28–9, Idiofa 94 31, 33, 38, 42, 50, 84, 91, Ikela 91 103, 153 Ileo, Joseph 23, 26, 28–9, 40, Ghanda, Raphael 179 44–5 Gikongoro 156 Ilyushin, aircraft 24, 26, 31 Gisenyi 156 Impuga Mugambi, sect 154, 159 Gitarama 152, 154–6 lndia(n)(s) 32, 48, 53, 57, 62, Gizanga, Antoine 10, 37–8, 40, 107, 110 44–6, 51, 56, 64–5, 67, Indo China 9 69–72, 96–7, 99 Indonesia 42, 75 Gold Coast 6, 9 Inga, project 112, 125, 181, 188 Goma 21, 156–7, 161, 165–6, , sect, militia 154, 168, 171–3, 178–81, 183–4, 156–7, 159, 161, 163, 165–6, 186–8, 190 170 Government of Efficiency 179 Iran 134 Government of National Union lreland(ish) 20, 24, 32, 37, 44, 94 48, 53, 56 Government of Public Safety Israel 65, 111, 138–9 103 Italy(ian)(s) 56, 59, 64 Government of Reconciliation Ivory Coast 133 65 Iwawi, island 161 Grenfell, Georges 67 Iyassu, General 42 Guinea 20, 31, 33, 42 Jadotville 18, 53, 56, 58, 62, 68 Habyarimana, Joseph Gitera 46, Janssens, General Emile 16, 18 l50–2, 156–7, 181 Jeunesse Movement 71, 77 Index 199

Johannesburg (South Africa) 49, Kasavi 41 71, 101 Kasavubu, Joseph 7–9, 12, 14–6, Johnson, President (USA) 101 18–9, 24, 26–31, 40–1, 43–5, Juba (Sudan) 84 50, 52, 59–60, 67–70, 82, 85, 90, 93–4, 99 Kabalo 4, 36, 48, 73, 77, 192 Kasenga, Mpinge 122–3 Kabila, Laurent 89, 121, 66–83, Kashamura, Anicet 39–40, 44 185–8, 192 Kasindi 87 Kagame, General Paul 155, 161, Kasongo, town 52 164 Kasongo, Joseph 65, 73 Kagara, river 153–4 Katanga(n)(s), province 2, 4–7, Kakuzi 149 12, 15, 17–8, 20–5, 27–30, Kalemei 188 32–5, 37–42, 44–8, 52–64, Kalima 170 66–7, 69, 75–6, 88–9, 91–2, Kalishnikov, automatic weapon 99–106, 119, 112–3, 120, 115 124, 126, 145, 183 (see also Kalonji, Albert 10, 15, 21–2, Shaba) 25–8, 32, 34–6, 40, 44, 49, Katanga, Paul 36 52, 66, 70 Katangan International Company Kalonji, Isaac 7, 88 48–9 Kamanyola 165 Kaunda, President Kenneth 98, Kamanyola Division 139 131–3 Kambanda, Wa Kambanda 156, Kayibanda, Gregoire 46, 78–9, 189 103 Kamina, military base 4, 12, 17, Kenge 174 20–1, 26, 37, 48, 52–3, 55, Kennedy, President (USA) 58 62, 71, 81, 128–9, 133, 141 Kenya 70, 81, 86, 96, 183 Kamitatu, Cleophas 37, 44, Kenyatta, Jomo 70, 81–2, 96 65–6, 98, 136 Khartoum (Sudan) 84, 88–9 Kanama 161 Khiari, Mahmoud 53, 55–6 Kangala, General Masialsa 111 Khrushchev, President 30, 42 Kangaya, camp 155, 162 Kibeho, camp 159–60 Kanyerengwe, Colonel Alex 151 Kibuye 156 Kanyenkiko, Anatole 150, 154 Kibwe, Jean 54 Kanza, Thomas 28, 89–90, 92, Kigale 79, 150, l52–6, 159, 161, 96–7 165, 184 Kapanga 114, 121 Kigona 96 Kariba (Rhodesia) 102 Kimba, Evariste 44–5, 53–4, 57, Karaha, Bizima 180–1, 187 90, 93 Karbango 73 Kindu 4, 51, 56, 64, 73, 77, 83, Karengele, Dieudonne 182, 102, 170, 190–2 184–5 Kinigi, Sylvie 149–50 Kasai, province 3, 6, 10–11, 14, Kinkuzu 114 21, 23–8, 31, 33–4, 36, 49, Kinshasa 98, 104, 107, 110–2, 50–2, 55–6, 66, 87, 104, 124, 116, 118–20, 132–3, 135, 146, 166, 171, 173 139, 142–7, 163–4, 166, Kasai-Baluba 10 171–5, 179–85, 188, 190, 192 Kasaji 104, 114, 117, 120 (see also Leopoldville) Kasangulu 182–3, 188 Kipushi 62 200 Index

Kisangani 98–102, 104–5, 58–61, 63–71, 75, 78, 81–2, 124–5, 168–71, 173, 180, 87, 89, 95–6, 98 184, 186, 188, 191 (see also ‘leopardmen’ 51–2 Stanleyville) Liban, Louis 37 Kissasse, Andre 166, 169 Liberia(n)(s) 20, 34, 67 Kissasse group 166, 168 Libya(n)(s) 125–6, 132, 139 Kissinger, Henry 111 Lingala, language 11 Kitani 180, 184, 188 Linner, Sture 54, 65 Kitona, military base 12, 17, Livingstone, David 9 19–20, 58, 134 Lobito 4, 100 Kivu, province 2, 4, 24, 28, Lodja 190 32–3, 39–41, 44, 47, 51–2, Lolimba 91, 169 56, 69, 72, 76–7, 89–91, Lome(Togo) 172, 174 101–2, 105, 146, 164–7, 177, Lovanium University 45 180, 184, 186 Lualaba, province 66 Kiwewa, Antoine 74, 95, 100 Luanda 129, 131–2 Kokolo, Colonel Justin 38 Lubanda 32, 114 Kolwezi 4, 20, 37, 41, 57, 61–2, Lubudi, river 100 66–7, 117–8, 121, 124, Lubutu-Obokoye 91, 173 126–33, 146 Luena 32–44, 39 Kongolo 32, 57, 59, 73, 77 Lukeji, Mulumba 142 Kuba, group 166 Lukenyo, Leon 93 Kumwanza, Gabriel Kungana Lukumba, Bomboko (alias Justin 146–7 Bomboko) 138 Kwanga, federation 10 Lulua, province 4, 7, 38, 48, Kwili, federation 10 166 Kwilu, province 6, 8, 69, 71, Lulua(s), tribe 8, 11, 21, 36, 50, 90–1, 94, 96, 98–9, 105, 124 52, 67 Luluabourg 8, 10, 15, 17, 20, 34, 36, 39, 49–52, 56, 67–8, Lake Albert 87, 107 (see also 88 Lake Mobutu) Lulutu 170–1 Lake Edward 87 Lumbashi 100, 130, 134, 172, Lake Kivu 154, 156, 161, 163, 178–9, 182, 190 (see also 165 Elizabethville) Lake Mobutu 197 Lumumba, Patrice 7–8, 10–18, Lake Tanganyika 4, 73, 91, 140, 20–1, 24–35, 37, 39–42, 145 51–2, 64, 81, 85, 87, 94, 98, Lake Victoria 154 105, 119, 166, 176–7 Lane, Lyle 132 Lumumba, Louis 37 Laos, state 90 Lumumbaist(s) 10, 39–41, 44–9, Lasho 132 51–2, 56, 65, 67, 69, 72–4, Lataki, Ahmad 121 79, 88 League of Nations 11 Lunda, tribe 117, 120, 122, 124, Leopold 1 King 1 126, 128, 131, 133–4 Leopold 2 King 2 Lundola, General Victor 18, 20, Leopoldville – city, province 28–9, 44, 64 3–12, 14–19, 23–6, 30–9, Luntu, tribe 50 42–3, 45, 48–9, 52–4, 56, Lusaka (Rhodesia) 4 Index 201

Madeira 188 MNC (Kalonji) 10, 15, 21, 25–6, Madrid (Spain) 69 31 Mahagi 87 MNC (Lumumba) 10, 38, 56, 64, Mai Mai, militia 166, 168, 177, 68, 72, 74, 95, 132 184, 186–7 MNUR 137 Malula, Cardinal 107 Moansa, island 65 Malay 51 Moba 140–1, 170 Mandela, Nelson 170–1, 173–4, Mobutu, Joseph 20, 26, 28–40, 183, 186–7, 192 45, 65, 67–8, 72, 75, 82, 93–7, Manono 32–3, 35, 38, 47–9, 100–2, 104–11, 113–16, 72–3, 77 118–43, 145–6, 163–5, Mao Tse-tung 109–10 167–9, 171–6, 178–9, 188 MARC 125, 134, 139 Mobutu, Captain Kongolo 174 Marxist-Leninist 197 Mobutu Doctrine 142 Masisi, area 164 Mobutuism 107, 110, 114, 118 Mass, Jacques 68 Moi, President Daniel Atrap 161 Masseba-Debat, Alphonse 78 Mokambo 63 Massu, General Anselme 179 Moke, General Norbert 63 Matadi 4, 18, 43, 112, 125, Mokede, Paul Roger 136 133, 144, 146, 177, 180–2, Monga, Colonel Leonard 103, 188 106 Maunda 180 Morocco(n)(s) 20, 42, 118–21, Mbagira, Casimir 89–90 126, 130–1, 133, 136, 169, Mbakosso, Mbeka 134 175–6 Mbandaka 121, 144, 178, 191 Mosambay, General Boyenge (see also Coquihatville) 136 Mbanza 163 Moscow 24, 39, 42, 54, 96, Mbenge, Monguya 134 115–16, 132 Mbuli-Mayi, incident 142, 171, MPR 100, 106, 108, 111, 122–3, 191 137, 142 Mbumba, General Nathaniel Mpolo, General Maurice 35, 41 113, 115–7, 120–1, 124, 126, Mpuku, tribe 67 129, 131–2 Mugabe, President Robert McKeown, General Sean 49 183–4, 186, 192 Médécins sans Frontières 150, Mugongo, camp 165–7 161 Muhirwa, Andre 79 Mihambo, Bo-Boliko 137 Mulakaya, Ganza 172 Military Council, Burundi 148 Mulamba, Colonel Leonard Military Household 137 76–7, 93–5, 98–9, 102 Military Operational and Mulassa 91 Intelligence Service 140 Mulele, Pierre 68, 71–4, 89, 94, Military Security Agency 140 96–8, 105 Mining State (South Kasai) 32, Mulenge, hills 162 36, 44–5, 49, 52, 66 Mulongwe 91 Mirage, aircraft 115, 119 Munongo, Godefroid 22, 41–2, Miruho, Premier 39 53, 63, 70, 89, 102 Mitwaba 67 Museveni, President Yoweri 168, Mkapa, Benjamin 162 170, 181, 188 MNC 7–10, 13–14, 65 Muslim 65, 138 202 Index

Mutshathasa 100, 104, 117, 120, Non-Aligned Nations 186 126, 129, 131, 133 North Korea 109–10, 119 Mwamba, Ilunga 38, 47 Northern Rhodesia 6 Mwamba, Remy 68 North Katanga 60–1, 72–3, 77, 91 Norway 55 Nairobi (Kenya) 70, 81, 86, 171 NRMD 151 Namibia(n)(s) 187, 192 Ntaryamira, Cyprien 150, 152 napalm 122 Nujoma, President 192 Nasser, President 65, 84 Nyanushishi, camp 156 National Army 178–9, 182 Nyasaland 54 National Conference Nyerere, President 98 (of Constitutional Reform) Numbi, Kabange 72 142, 144–5 National Committee of Salvation OAU 69–70, 77, 81–2, 85–6, 88, 149 94, 101, 104, 118, 133–5, National Executive Council 136, 150, 153, 155–6, 172 138 OAU Conciliation Commission National Movement for the 81, 87 Revolution 78 Obokote 102 National Security Council O’Brien, Conor Cruise 44, 53–4, (Burundi) 151 56–7 NATO 12, 65, 135 Office du Transport du Congo Nendake, General Victor 67, 84, 15 94 Ogata, Sadako 170 Neto, Agostinho, President Okito, Joseph 41 113–4, 116, 121, 131–3, 136, OLC 134 163 Olenghankoy, Joseph 177–8 New International Economic Olengo, Victor 73, 60, 83, 86, Order (French) 112 89, 92–3 New York 19–20, 23, 28, 44, 55, ONUC 20–9, 31–45, 47–63, 57, 84 65–7, 71, 75–6, 82, 116 Ndadye, Melchoir 148–50 Operation Cobra 113 Ndengiyaremye, Dismas 151 Operation Dove 125–6 Ndola (Rhodesia) 54–5 Operation Grand Slam 61–2 Ndjili, airport 185, 188 Operation Morthor 53 Nduwayo, Antoine 158 Operation UNOKAT 57–9 Ngale, General Nzimbi 175 Operation Rum Punch 52–3 Ngalo, General Gaston 96 Operation Turquoise 155–6 Ngalula, Joseph 66 Oriental, province 2, 4, 37, Ngara (Tanzania) 153, 155 39–41, 45, 50–2, 55, 76 Ngoma, Arthur Zahidi 180 ORINFOR 161 Nigeria(n)(s) 40, 43, 51, 75, 116 Ostend Round Table Conference Nitbantungany, Sylyestre 151, 46 158 OTRAG 135–6 Nkolo 86 Oxfam 150 Nkrumah, Kwame 7, 42 NLC 68–70, 72–4, 77–8, 80, Pan-African Conference 26 82–4, 86, 89, 93–4, 96, 98, Paris 58, 69, 114, 121–2, 132, 105 139, 147 Index 203

PARMEHUTU 46, 78 Rwagasore, Louis 79 ‘party slips’ 88 Rwanda(n)(s) 76–9, 87, 103, Paulis 4, 76, 81, 83–4, 86–7 105–6, 144, 146–53, 155–7, People’s Republic of the Congo 159–62, 164–8, 170–1, 173, 76, 80 175, 179–81, 186–8, 188, PMP 10 190, 192 Pongo, Major 39–40 Ponthierville 4, 96 Sacred Union 143–4, 146 Port Francqui 4, 36, 39, 50 SADC 183, 187–8 Portugal(ese) 2, 4, 61, 104, 107, ‘Safe Humanitarian Zone’ 156 113, 118, 120 Sakania 61 Postal Staff Union 14 Salisbury (Rhodesia) 62, 71, 102 Presidential Brigade 139 Salongo 111 Progressive Congress Party 73 Salumu, Bernard 37, 39 PSA 10–11, 71 Sandoa 117, 121, 133 PSC 137 Savimbi, Jonas 163 PSD 152 Schramme, Jean 102–3, 105 PRP 121, 139, 151, 166 Sendwe, Jason 7, 37–8, 46–7, 66, PUNA 10, 21, 25–6 72–3 Punia 63, 102 Senegal, (ese) 133, 136 RADECO 68 Serbs 169–70 Radio Brazzaville 27 Shaba 112, 114, 116–18, 121–7, Radio Bukavu 179 129–36, 139–41, 145–7, 166, Radio Elizabethville 41 168, 171, 180, 186, 191 Radio Goma 179 (see also Katanga) Radio Katanga 58 Shabunda 169–70 Radio Leopoldville 45, 56, 97 ‘Simbas’ 84 Radio Luanda 116 Sindikubago, Theodore 152, 156 Radio Makala 27 Singa, Major 39 Radio Rwanda 157 Singa, General Boyenga 118 Radio Zaire 114 Sinkolobwe 63 Red Cross 76–7, 102, 104–5, SNI 137 131, 150, 155, 158 Somalia 107, 133 Revolutionary Government 92 Soumialot, Gaston 72, 74–7, 83, Rhodesia(n)(s) 4, 18, 41, 49, 54, 85–6, 89–90, 92, 96, 98–9 63, 99, 102 South Africa(n)(s) 4, 49, 54, 61, Rhodesian Federation 18 71, 94, 99, 110, 112, 160, Roberto, Holden 114 169–70, 173, 183 Roberts, Meredith 36 South Kasai 40, 66–7 Round Table Conference 12 South Katanga 66 RPF 188 Soviet Union, Soviets 17, 20–1, RRD 162 23–4, 26–7, 30, 36, 40, 64–5, Ruanda 11, 13, 21, 39–40, 46 69, 84, 113, 115–20, l25–6, Ruanda National Council 46 132 Ruanda National Union 46 Spain(ish) 2, 96, 100 Rudasingwa, Theonene 156 SPLA 187 Ruhengari 156 Stanley, Henry Morton 2 Russell, Lord 59 Stanleyville 4, 10–11, 14, 26–7, Russia(ian)(s) 26, 118–19 31, 37–40, 44–5, 51–2, 56, 204 Index

Stanleyville – (continued) Tunis 155 64, 67, 71, 73–4, 76, 80–1, Tunisia(n)(s) 20, 34 83–4, 86–7, 91, 95–6 (see also Turner. Admiral Stansfield 132 ) Tutsi(s) tribe 13, 46, 76, 78–9, Star Radio 168 144, 146, 148–51, 153–6, Sudan(ese) 6, 9, 43, 83, 87, 158, 161, 163, 166, 168–70, 89–90, 92–3, 168, 187 176–7, 179–92 Sumbu, General Fallu 111 Twagiramungu, Faustin 152, Supreme Revolutionary Council 156 89 Sweden(ish) 20, 24, 32, 48, UDI 18, 2l, 37 50–1, 54–5, 57 UDSP 142–3, 147, 175, 177 Swiss 76, 175 Uele, river 4 Switzerland 141 UFIR 147 Uganda(n)(s) 5–6, 87, 90, Taba 188 154–5, 157, 168–70, 175, Taiwan 107 180–1, 184, 186–8, 190, 192 Tananarive Conference 44 Ujiji 2 Tanganyika 6, 72, 140 ULP 70 Tanzania(n) 98, 140, 149, UN 19–21, 26–7, 29–30, 35–6, 154–5, 160–2 40–2, 44, 46–7, 49, 51, 52–5, Technical Aid Treaty 75 57, 64, 75, 94, 116, 119, 150, ‘Third Republic speech’ 141–2 155, 157, 167, 169–71, 173, Thysville 11, 16, 25, 27, 36, 39, 178, 180 41 UNAR 78 Tindermans, Leo 112, 129 UNAMIR 151–3 Tingi Tingi, camp 170–3 UNAMIR–2 153–5, 160 Togo(lese) 169 UN General Assembly 33–4, 37, Tolanga, Francis Lumumba 139 132 Transitional Constitutional Act UNHCR 134, 147, 149–50, 155, 147, 160 157, 160–1, 164–5, 167 Transitional National Assembly Union Miniere 5, 58–63, 66, 157 106 Trust Territories 13 UNITA 140–1, 163, 174, 184, Tshatshi, Colonel Joseph 98, 186, 188 100 UN Security Council 20, 23, 28, Thshikapa 21, 25, 117 34, 42–3, 47, 56–7, 84, 191, Tshokwe, tribe 22, 67 147, 153, 155, 157, 159–60, Tshipulsa, Colonel 98–100 163, 165–7 Thsisekedi, Etienne 142–6, Unwillingiyimana, Agatha 152 172–5, 177 Upper Congo 39 Tshiveka, General 126 UPRONA 79, 148, 159 Tshombe, Moise 7, 11, 17–18, URD 147 20, 22, 25, 28, 30, 32–3, 35, Urundi 11, 13, 21, 39, 46, 79, 37, 40, 42–5, 47–9, 52–3, 165 (see also Burundi) 55–63, 66, 69–71, 74–5, US(USA) 18, 20, 25, 237–8, 51, 77–8, 81–90, 93–6, 99–100, 54–5, 61, 64–5, 69–71, 75, 103, 106, 110, 113 77, 80–2, 85, 94, 101–2, Tshombe, Jean 137 110–11, 116, 118–9, 127, Index 205

US(USA) – (continued) West Kasai 105 132–5, 141–2, 145–6, 158–60, ‘White Book’ 83 167, 170, 172–4, 176, 181, White House (USA) 116 184 White Legion 167, 171, 176 US Air Force 71 World Food Programme (UN) US Congress 116, 127 150 USSR 27, 29, 94, 119, 135 U Thant 42, 55, 57–8, 60–5, Yakovlev, Mikhail 21 75–6, 80 Yei (Sudan) 90 Usumbura 39–40, 72, 79, 91 Yerodia, Abdoulay 92 Uvira 72, 77, 86, 91, 163–5, Yev, Mwant, chief 122 177–80, 188 Youlou, President Fulbert 27, 78 Young, Andrew 132 Vietnam 90 Yugoslavia 42

Walikala 168–70 Zaire, river 125, 170–1, 174 Washington (USA) 27, 111 Zaire–Belgium Friendship Treaty Weber, Major Guy 18 112 Weeks, Major 99 Zaire Committee 139 Welbeck, N.A. 38 Zambia(n)(s) 98, 101, 120, 124, Welensky, Sir Roy 18, 54, 62 130–1, 133, 136, 187 West Africa 6 Zimbabwe(an)(s) 182–4, 186–7, West Germany 134–5 101–92