Actor Dictionaries Codebook

Home , 18 March Division, 1920 Revolution Brigades, Abdullahi Ahmed Jama, Akakhel, Al Adl Wa Al Ihssane, Army of Conquest

xSub: Actor Dictionaries Codebook

Center for Political Studies, University of Michigan Yuri M. Zhukov, Christian Davenport, & Nadiya Kostyuk February 12, 2020

Contents

1 Coding Rules 12

2 Armed Conﬂict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED) 13 2.1 Afghanistan...... 14 2.2 Angola...... 15 2.3 Albania...... 16 2.4 United Arab Emirates...... 16 2.5 Armenia...... 16 2.6 Azerbaijan...... 17 2.7 Burundi...... 18 2.8 Benin...... 21 2.9 Burkina Faso...... 21 2.10 Bangladesh...... 23 2.11 Bulgaria...... 28 2.12 Bahrain...... 28 2.13 Bosnia & Herzegovina...... 29 2.14 Belarus...... 29 2.15 Botswana...... 30 2.16 Central African Republic...... 30 2.17 Cte dIvoire...... 37 2.18 Cameroon...... 39 2.19 Congo - Kinshasa...... 41 2.20 Congo - Brazzaville...... 55 2.21 Cyprus...... 56 2.22 Djibouti...... 57 2.23 Algeria...... 57 2.24 Egypt...... 59 2.25 Eritrea...... 61 2.26 Spain...... 62 2.27 Ethiopia...... 62 2.28 Gabon...... 65 Actor Dictionaries xSub

2.29 Georgia...... 66 2.30 Ghana...... 67 2.31 Guinea...... 70 2.32 Gambia...... 71 2.33 Guinea-Bissau...... 72 2.34 Equatorial Guinea...... 73 2.35 Greece...... 74 2.36 Croatia...... 75 2.37 Indonesia...... 76 2.38 India...... 76 2.39 Iran...... 85 2.40 Iraq...... 85 2.41 Israel...... 87 2.42 Jordan...... 88 2.43 Kazakhstan...... 88 2.44 Kenya...... 89 2.45 Kyrgyzstan...... 97 2.46 Cambodia...... 98 2.47 Kuwait...... 98 2.48 Laos...... 99 2.49 Lebanon...... 99 2.50 Liberia...... 100 2.51 Libya...... 102 2.52 Sri Lanka...... 106 2.53 Lesotho...... 107 2.54 Morocco...... 107 2.55 Moldova...... 109 2.56 Madagascar...... 110 2.57 Macedonia...... 111 2.58 Mali...... 111 2.59 Myanmar (Burma)...... 114 2.60 Montenegro...... 115 2.61 Mozambique...... 116 2.62 Mauritania...... 117 2.63 Malawi...... 118 2.64 Namibia...... 118 2.65 Niger...... 119 2.66 Nigeria...... 121 2.67 Nepal...... 138 2.68 Oman...... 138 2.69 Pakistan...... 139 2.70 Philippines...... 140

2 Actor Dictionaries xSub

2.71 Palestinian Territories...... 145 2.72 Qatar...... 145 2.73 Romania...... 145 2.74 Russia...... 146 2.75 Rwanda...... 147 2.76 Saudi Arabia...... 148 2.77 Sudan...... 149 2.78 Senegal...... 159 2.79 Sierra Leone...... 161 2.80 Somalia...... 163 2.81 Serbia...... 184 2.82 South Sudan...... 184 2.83 Swaziland...... 192 2.84 Syria...... 192 2.85 Chad...... 197 2.86 Togo...... 199 2.87 Thailand...... 200 2.88 Tajikistan...... 201 2.89 Turkmenistan...... 201 2.90 Tunisia...... 202 2.91 Turkey...... 203 2.92 Tanzania...... 204 2.93 Uganda...... 206 2.94 Ukraine...... 212 2.95 Uzbekistan...... 214 2.96 Vietnam...... 215 2.97 NA...... 215 2.98 Yemen...... 215 2.99 South Africa...... 217 2.100Zambia...... 221 2.101Zimbabwe...... 222

3 Uppsala Conﬂict Data Program Georeferenced Event Dataset (GED) 224 3.1 Afghanistan...... 225 3.2 Angola...... 225 3.3 Albania...... 226 3.4 United Arab Emirates...... 226 3.5 Argentina...... 226 3.6 Armenia...... 226 3.7 Australia...... 226 3.8 Azerbaijan...... 227 3.9 Burundi...... 227 3.10 Belgium...... 227

3 Actor Dictionaries xSub

3.11 Burkina Faso...... 227 3.12 Bangladesh...... 227 3.13 Bahrain...... 228 3.14 Bosnia & Herzegovina...... 228 3.15 Bolivia...... 229 3.16 Brazil...... 229 3.17 Bhutan...... 229 3.18 Botswana...... 229 3.19 Central African Republic...... 229 3.20 Canada...... 230 3.21 China...... 230 3.22 Cte dIvoire...... 230 3.23 Cameroon...... 231 3.24 Congo - Kinshasa...... 231 3.25 Congo - Brazzaville...... 234 3.26 Colombia...... 235 3.27 Comoros...... 235 3.28 Germany...... 235 3.29 Djibouti...... 235 3.30 Algeria...... 236 3.31 Ecuador...... 236 3.32 Egypt...... 237 3.33 Eritrea...... 237 3.34 Spain...... 237 3.35 Ethiopia...... 238 3.36 France...... 240 3.37 United Kingdom...... 240 3.38 Georgia...... 241 3.39 Ghana...... 241 3.40 Guinea...... 241 3.41 Gambia...... 242 3.42 Guinea-Bissau...... 242 3.43 Guatemala...... 242 3.44 Guyana...... 242 3.45 Honduras...... 243 3.46 Croatia...... 243 3.47 Haiti...... 243 3.48 Indonesia...... 244 3.49 India...... 244 3.50 Iran...... 245 3.51 Iraq...... 246 3.52 Israel...... 246

4 Actor Dictionaries xSub

3.53 Italy...... 246 3.54 Jamaica...... 247 3.55 Jordan...... 247 3.56 Kenya...... 247 3.57 Kyrgyzstan...... 249 3.58 Cambodia...... 249 3.59 Kuwait...... 249 3.60 Laos...... 249 3.61 Lebanon...... 250 3.62 Liberia...... 250 3.63 Libya...... 251 3.64 Sri Lanka...... 251 3.65 Lesotho...... 251 3.66 Morocco...... 252 3.67 Moldova...... 252 3.68 Madagascar...... 252 3.69 Mexico...... 252 3.70 Macedonia...... 255 3.71 Mali...... 255 3.72 Malta...... 255 3.73 Myanmar (Burma)...... 256 3.74 Mozambique...... 256 3.75 Mauritania...... 257 3.76 Malaysia...... 257 3.77 Namibia...... 257 3.78 Niger...... 257 3.79 Nigeria...... 258 3.80 Nicaragua...... 261 3.81 Netherlands...... 261 3.82 Nepal...... 261 3.83 Pakistan...... 261 3.84 Panama...... 263 3.85 Peru...... 263 3.86 Philippines...... 263 3.87 Papua New Guinea...... 264 3.88 Paraguay...... 265 3.89 Qatar...... 265 3.90 Romania...... 265 3.91 Russia...... 265 3.92 Rwanda...... 266 3.93 Saudi Arabia...... 266 3.94 Sudan...... 266

5 Actor Dictionaries xSub

3.95 Senegal...... 269 3.96 Solomon Islands...... 269 3.97 Sierra Leone...... 270 3.98 El Salvador...... 270 3.99 Somalia...... 270 3.100Serbia...... 273 3.101South Sudan...... 274 3.102Sweden...... 275 3.103Swaziland...... 275 3.104Syria...... 275 3.105Chad...... 276 3.106Togo...... 277 3.107Thailand...... 277 3.108Tajikistan...... 278 3.109Trinidad & Tobago...... 278 3.110Tunisia...... 278 3.111Turkey...... 279 3.112Tanzania...... 279 3.113Uganda...... 279 3.114Ukraine...... 280 3.115United States...... 280 3.116Uzbekistan...... 281 3.117Venezuela...... 281 3.118Yemen...... 281 3.119South Africa...... 282 3.120Zambia...... 282 3.121Zimbabwe...... 283

4 Political Instability Task Force Dataset (PITF) 284 4.1 Afghanistan...... 285 4.2 Angola...... 285 4.3 Albania...... 285 4.4 Armenia...... 285 4.5 NA...... 285 4.6 Burundi...... 286 4.7 Belgium...... 286 4.8 Burkina Faso...... 286 4.9 Bangladesh...... 286 4.10 Bulgaria...... 286 4.11 Bahrain...... 287 4.12 Bahamas...... 287 4.13 Bosnia & Herzegovina...... 287 4.14 Belarus...... 287

6 Actor Dictionaries xSub

4.15 Belize...... 287 4.16 Bolivia...... 287 4.17 Brazil...... 288 4.18 Barbados...... 288 4.19 Central African Republic...... 288 4.20 Canada...... 288 4.21 Switzerland...... 288 4.22 China...... 288 4.23 Cte dIvoire...... 289 4.24 Cameroon...... 289 4.25 Congo - Kinshasa...... 289 4.26 Congo - Brazzaville...... 290 4.27 Colombia...... 290 4.28 Comoros...... 290 4.29 Cuba...... 290 4.30 Germany...... 290 4.31 Dominican Republic...... 291 4.32 Algeria...... 291 4.33 Ecuador...... 291 4.34 Egypt...... 291 4.35 Eritrea...... 291 4.36 Western Sahara...... 292 4.37 Spain...... 292 4.38 Ethiopia...... 292 4.39 Finland...... 292 4.40 France...... 292 4.41 Gabon...... 293 4.42 United Kingdom...... 293 4.43 Georgia...... 293 4.44 Ghana...... 293 4.45 Guinea...... 293 4.46 Gambia...... 293 4.47 Guinea-Bissau...... 293 4.48 Greece...... 294 4.49 Guatemala...... 294 4.50 Guyana...... 294 4.51 Honduras...... 294 4.52 Croatia...... 294 4.53 Haiti...... 295 4.54 Indonesia...... 295 4.55 India...... 295 4.56 Iran...... 295

7 Actor Dictionaries xSub

4.57 Iraq...... 295 4.58 Israel...... 296 4.59 Italy...... 296 4.60 Jamaica...... 296 4.61 Jordan...... 296 4.62 Japan...... 297 4.63 Kazakhstan...... 297 4.64 Kenya...... 297 4.65 Kyrgyzstan...... 297 4.66 Cambodia...... 297 4.67 South Korea...... 298 4.68 NA...... 298 4.69 Kuwait...... 298 4.70 Laos...... 298 4.71 Lebanon...... 298 4.72 Liberia...... 298 4.73 Libya...... 299 4.74 Sri Lanka...... 299 4.75 Lesotho...... 299 4.76 Lithuania...... 299 4.77 Latvia...... 299 4.78 Morocco...... 300 4.79 Moldova...... 300 4.80 Madagascar...... 300 4.81 Maldives...... 300 4.82 Mexico...... 300 4.83 Macedonia...... 300 4.84 Mali...... 301 4.85 Myanmar (Burma)...... 301 4.86 Mozambique...... 301 4.87 Mauritania...... 301 4.88 Malawi...... 301 4.89 Malaysia...... 302 4.90 Namibia...... 302 4.91 Niger...... 302 4.92 Nigeria...... 302 4.93 Nicaragua...... 303 4.94 Netherlands...... 303 4.95 Norway...... 303 4.96 Nepal...... 303 4.97 Oman...... 303 4.98 Pakistan...... 303

8 Actor Dictionaries xSub

4.99 Peru...... 304 4.100Philippines...... 304 4.101Papua New Guinea...... 304 4.102Poland...... 305 4.103Puerto Rico...... 305 4.104Portugal...... 305 4.105Paraguay...... 305 4.106Palestinian Territories...... 305 4.107Russia...... 305 4.108Rwanda...... 306 4.109Saudi Arabia...... 306 4.110Sudan...... 306 4.111Senegal...... 306 4.112Solomon Islands...... 306 4.113Sierra Leone...... 307 4.114El Salvador...... 307 4.115Somalia...... 307 4.116Serbia...... 307 4.117South Sudan...... 308 4.118Slovakia...... 308 4.119Swaziland...... 308 4.120Syria...... 308 4.121Chad...... 308 4.122Togo...... 309 4.123Thailand...... 309 4.124Tajikistan...... 309 4.125Turkmenistan...... 309 4.126Timor-Leste...... 309 4.127Trinidad & Tobago...... 310 4.128Tunisia...... 310 4.129Turkey...... 310 4.130Tanzania...... 310 4.131Uganda...... 310 4.132Ukraine...... 311 4.133Uzbekistan...... 311 4.134Venezuela...... 311 4.135Vietnam...... 311 4.136Yemen...... 311 4.137South Africa...... 312 4.138Zambia...... 312 4.139Zimbabwe...... 312

9 Actor Dictionaries xSub

5 Social Conﬂict Analysis Dataset (SCAD) 313 5.1 Angola...... 314 5.2 Burundi...... 315 5.3 Benin...... 322 5.4 Burkina Faso...... 324 5.5 Botswana...... 327 5.6 Central African Republic...... 328 5.7 Cte dIvoire...... 338 5.8 Cameroon...... 344 5.9 Congo - Kinshasa...... 349 5.10 Congo - Brazzaville...... 361 5.11 Costa Rica...... 363 5.12 Cuba...... 364 5.13 Dominican Republic...... 368 5.14 Algeria...... 374 5.15 Egypt...... 378 5.16 Eritrea...... 407 5.17 Ethiopia...... 408 5.18 Gabon...... 411 5.19 Ghana...... 414 5.20 Guinea...... 418 5.21 Gambia...... 423 5.22 Guinea-Bissau...... 424 5.23 Guatemala...... 426 5.24 Honduras...... 435 5.25 Haiti...... 440 5.26 Jamaica...... 466 5.27 Kenya...... 474 5.28 Liberia...... 493 5.29 Libya...... 496 5.30 Lesotho...... 516 5.31 Morocco...... 519 5.32 Madagascar...... 525 5.33 Mexico...... 528 5.34 Mali...... 556 5.35 Mozambique...... 563 5.36 Mauritania...... 566 5.37 Mauritius...... 570 5.38 Malawi...... 570 5.39 Namibia...... 576 5.40 Niger...... 578 5.41 Nigeria...... 583

10 Actor Dictionaries xSub

5.42 Nicaragua...... 625 5.43 Panama...... 629 5.44 Rwanda...... 632 5.45 Sudan...... 635 5.46 Senegal...... 651 5.47 Sierra Leone...... 655 5.48 El Salvador...... 659 5.49 Somalia...... 663 5.50 South Sudan...... 680 5.51 Swaziland...... 684 5.52 Chad...... 686 5.53 Togo...... 689 5.54 Trinidad & Tobago...... 691 5.55 Tunisia...... 693 5.56 Tanzania...... 702 5.57 Uganda...... 706 5.58 South Africa...... 710 5.59 Zambia...... 739 5.60 Zimbabwe...... 744

11 Actor Dictionaries xSub 1 Coding Rules

All datasets are disaggregated by the actors involved in the conﬂict. Speciﬁcally, we distin- guish four types of actors:

• Government: incumbent government, pro-government militia, third party acting on incumbent’s behalf

• Rebel: rebels, anti-government militia, third party acting on rebels’ behalf, and other armed groups directly challenging the government

• Civilians: civilians

• Other: local militia, tribe, other non-state actors not directly challenging the government

12 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2 Armed Conﬂict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED)

Armed Conﬂict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) is the public collection of political violence and protest data for developing states. This data includes information on the speciﬁc dates and locations of political violence and protest, the types of event, the groups involved, fatalities, and changes in territorial control. Information is recorded on the battles, killings, riots, and recruitment activities of rebels, governments, militias, armed groups, protesters and civilians. ACLED is directed by Prof. Clionadh Raleigh and is presently supported by Minerva project funding through the CCAPS program and the European Research Commission grant no. 283755.1

1The information is taken from: http://www.acleddata.com/.

13 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.1 Afghanistan

Government Challenger Civilian Other Afghan and/or NATO Al Qaeda Civilians (Afghanistan) Achin Communal Militia Forces (Afghanistan) Government of Harakat-e Islami Civilians (International) Alizai Communal Militia Afghanistan (2004-) (Afghanistan) Military Forces of Hezbi Islami Civilians (Pakistan) Anar Khel Communal Afghanistan (2004-) Militia (Afghanistan) Military Forces of Hizb-e Wahdat-e Islami Chambel Communal Mili- Afghanistan (2004-) tia (Afghanistan) military Forces of HQN: Haqqani Network Mangal Communal Militia Afghanistan (2004-) (Afghanistan) Military Forces of Islamic State Military Forces of Pakistan Afghanistan (2004-) (Afghanistan) (2008-) Special Forces Militia (Pro-Government) Islamist Militia Military Forces of Tajik- (Afghanistan) istan NATO: North Atlantic Jamaat-ul-Ahrar Militia (Ahmad Shah Mas- Treaty Organization soud) Police Forces of JI: Jamiat-e-Islami Militia (Dostum) Afghanistan (2004-) Police Forces of JMI: Junbish-i-Milli Islami Militia (Matinak) Afghanistan (2004-) Police Forces of LeI: Lashkar-e-Islam Militia (Rabbani) Afghanistan (2004-) National Directorate of Security Police Forces of LeT: Lashkar-e-Taiba Moqbil Communal Militia Afghanistan (2004-) (Afghanistan) Special Forces Mutiny of Islamic State Nangarhar Communal (Afghanistan) Militia (Afghanistan) Mutiny of Police Forces of Police Forces of Pakistan Afghanistan (2004-) (2008-) Frontier Corps Mutiny of Taliban Private Security Forces (Afghanistan) Protesters (Afghanistan) Qushtepa Communal Mili- tia (Afghanistan) Protesters (Pakistan) Sar-e Howz Communal Militia (Afghanistan) Rioters (Afghanistan) Sulaiman Khel Communal Militia (Afghanistan) Taliban and/or Islamic Tagab Communal Militia State (Afghanistan) (Afghanistan) TAliban Tangi Communal Militia (Afghanistan)

14 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Taliban Unidentified Armed Group (Afghanistan) Taliban Unidentified Armed Group (Pakistan) Taliban (Mullah Mansour Unidentified Armed Group Group) (Tajikistan) TTP: Tehreek-i-Taliban Warsaj Communal Militia Pakistan (Afghanistan) TTP: Tehreek-i-Taliban Ziruk Communal Militia Pakistan (Mehsud Faction) (Afghanistan)

2.2 Angola

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Angola FDC: Democratic Front of Civilians (Angola) Christian Militia (Angola) (1975-) Cabinda Military Forces of Angola FLEC-FAC: Front for the Cubal Communal Militia (1975-) Liberation of the Enclave (Angola) of Cabinda-Armed Forces of Cabinda MPLA: Popular Movement FLEC-PM: Front for the Former UNITA: National for the Liberation of An- Liberation of the Enclave Union for the Total Inde- gola of Cabinda (Military Posi- pendence of Angola tion) PADPA: Angola Demo- FLEC-Renouvada: Front Government of South cratic and Progress Sup- for the Liberation of the Africa (1994-) port Party Enclave of Cabinda (Re- nouvada Faction) Party for Progress and De- FLEC: Front for the Lib- ICGLR: International Con- velopment eration of the Enclave of ference on the Great Lakes Cabinda Region Police Forces of Angola Mutiny of Military Forces Katangan Tigers (1975-) of Angola (1975-) Police Forces of Angola Military Forces of Demo- (1975-) Criminal Investiga- cratic Republic of Congo tions Service (1997-2001) Police Forces of Angola Military Forces of Namibia (1975-) State Security and (1990-) Intelligence Service Police Forces of Anngola Military Forces of Republic (1975-) of Congo (1992-1997) UNITA: National Union Military Forces of South for the Total Independence Africa (1994-) of Angola Military Forces of Zambia (1991-2002)

15 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Protesters (Angola) RCD-Goma: Rally for Congolese Democracy (Goma) RCD-K: Rally for Con- golese Democracy (Kisan- gani) Rioters (Angola) Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Angola) Vigilante Militia (Angola)

2.3 Albania

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Albania Protesters (Albania) (2018 Civilians (Albania) (2018 - EU: European Union (2019 (2017-) (2019 - 2019) - 2019) Albania 2019) Albania - 2019) Albania Albania Military Forces of Albania Protesters (Greece) (2018 - Civilians (Spain) (2019 - Private Security Forces (2017-) (2019 - 2019) Alba- 2018) Albania 2019) Albania (Albania) (2018 - 2019) nia Albania NATO: North Atlantic Protesters (International) Treaty Organization (2019 (2019 - 2019) Albania - 2019) Albania PD: Democratic Party of Rioters (Albania) (2018 - Albania (2019 - 2019) Al- 2019) Albania bania Police Forces of Albania Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (2017-) (2018 - 2019) Alba- (Albania) (2018 - 2019) Al- nia bania

2.4 United Arab Emirates

Government Challenger Civilian Other Protesters (United Arab Emirates)

2.5 Armenia

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Armenia Protesters (Armenia) Civilians (Armenia) (2018 - Government of Azerbaijan (2008-2018) (2018 - 2018) (2018 - 2019) Armenia 2019) Armenia (2003-) (2019 - 2019) Ar- Armenia menia

16 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Armenia Protesters (International) Civilians (Azerbaijan) Military Forces of Azerbai- (2018-) (2018 - 2019) Ar- (2018 - 2018) Armenia (2019 - 2019) Armenia jan (2003-) (2018 - 2019) menia Armenia Military Forces of Armenia Protesters (Russia) (2018 - Military Forces of Russia (2008-2018) (2018 - 2018) 2018) Armenia (2000-) (2018 - 2019) Ar- Armenia menia Military Forces of Armenia Rioters (Armenia) (2018 - Military Forces of Rus- (2018-) (2018 - 2019) Ar- 2019) Armenia sia (2000-) Military Police menia (2018 - 2018) Armenia Military Forces of Arme- Sasna Tsrer (2018 - 2018) nia (2018-) Border Guard Armenia (2019 - 2019) Armenia Police Forces of Armenia Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (2018-) (2018 - 2019) Ar- (Armenia) (2018 - 2019) menia Armenia Police Forces of Armenia Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (2018-) National Security (Azerbaijan) (2018 - 2019) Service (2018 - 2018) Ar- Armenia menia Police Forces of Armenia (2018-) Special Investiga- tion Service (2018 - 2018) Armenia YEKM: Yerkrapah Volun- teer Union (2018 - 2018) Armenia

2.6 Azerbaijan

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Azerbaijan AMH: Popular Movement Civilians (Armenia) (2018 - (2003-) (2018 - 2019) Azer- of Azerbaijan (2019 - 2019) 2018) Azerbaijan baijan Azerbaijan Military Forces of Azerbai- AXCP: Azerbaijani Popu- Civilians (Azerbaijan) jan (2003-) (2018 - 2019) lar Front Party (2019 - (2018 - 2019) Azerbaijan Azerbaijan 2019) Azerbaijan Police Forces of Azerbaijan Government of Artsakh Civilians (Russia) (2018 - (2003-) (2018 - 2019) Azer- (2007-) (2018 - 2018) Azer- 2018) Azerbaijan baijan baijan Police Forces of Azerbai- Khachmaz Jamaati (2018 - jan (2003-) Border Service 2018) Azerbaijan (2018 - 2019) Azerbaijan Police Forces of Azerbaijan Military Forces of Armenia (2003-) State Security Ser- (2008-2018) (2018 - 2018) vice (2018 - 2018) Azerbai- Azerbaijan jan

17 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Military Forces of Armenia (2018-) (2018 - 2019) Azer- baijan Military Forces of Arme- nia (2018-) Border Guard (2019 - 2019) Azerbaijan Military Forces of Artsakh (2007-) (2018 - 2019) Azer- baijan Police Forces of Artsakh (2007-) (2018 - 2019) Azer- baijan Police Forces of Artsakh (2007-) National Security Service (2018 - 2018) Azer- baijan Protesters (Armenia) (2019 - 2019) Azerbaijan Protesters (Azerbaijan) (2018 - 2019) Azerbaijan Rioters (Azerbaijan) (2018 - 2019) Azerbaijan Unidentified Armed Group (Armenia) (2018 - 2018) Azerbaijan Unidentified Armed Group (Azerbaijan) (2018 - 2019) Azerbaijan Unidentified Armed Group (Iran) (2018 - 2019) Azer- baijan Unidentified Armed Group (Russia) (2018 - 2018) Azerbaijan

2.7 Burundi

Government Challenger Civilian Other Amizero yAbarundi CNDD-FDD- Civilians (Burundi) ADFL: Alliance of Demo- Bakenyarerugamba: cratic Forces for Liberation National Council for the Defence of Democ- racy (Bakenyarerugamba Faction)

18 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Burundi CNDD-FDD- Civilians (Democratic Re- ALIR: Army for the Liber- (2005-) Imbonerakure: National public of Congo) ation of Rwanda Council for the Defence of Democracy (Imbonerakure Faction) Military Forces of Burundi CNDD-FDD: National Civilians (International) AU: African Union (1996-2005) Council for the Defence of Democracy-Forces for the Defence of Democracy Military Forces of Burundi CNDD: National Council Civilians (Rwanda) Ba Rukoti (2005-) for Democracy and Devel- opment Military Forces of Burundi CNDD: National Council Civilians (Tanzania) Batwa Ethnic Militia (Bu- (2005-) National Intelli- for Democracy and Devel- rundi) gence Agency opment MSD: Movement for Soli- BNUB: United Nations Of- darity and Democracy ﬁce in Burundi (2011-) Police Forces of Burundi FDLR: Democratic Forces (1996-2005) for the Liberation of Rwanda Police Forces of Burundi FNI: Nationalist and Inte- (2005-) grationist Front Police Forces of Burundi Former Military Forces of (2005-) Burundi (2005-) Police Forces of Burundi Former Military Forces of (2005-) API Unit Rwanda (1973-1994) Police Forces of Burundi Gatumba Communal Mili- (2005-) Counter Terrorism tia (Burundi) Unit Police Forces of Burundi Hutu Rebels (2005-) National Intelli- gence Service Police Forces of Burundi ICRC: International Com- (2005-) Rapid Mobile In- mittee of the Red Cross tervention Group and Red Crescent UPD-Z: Union for INEC: Independent Na- Peace and Development tional Electoral Commis- (Zigamibanga Faction) sion UPRONA: Union for Na- Interahamwe Militia tional Progress Mayi Mayi Militia Military Forces of Demo- cratic Republic of Congo (1997-2001) Military Forces of Demo- cratic Republic of Congo (2001-)

19 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Military Forces of Demo- cratic Republic of Congo / Zaire (1965-1997) Military Forces of Rwanda (1994-) Military Forces of South Africa (1994-) Military Forces of Tanza- nia (1964-) Military Forces of Uganda (1986-) MRC: Congolese Revolu- tionary Movement Mutiny of Military Forces of Democratic Republic of Congo (2001-) Ndombolo Militia Nyagishubi Communal Militia (Burundi) Nyanza Lac Communal Militia (Burundi) Prison Guards (Burundi) Private Security Forces (Burundi) Protesters (Burundi) RCD-Goma: Rally for Congolese Democracy (Goma) RCD: Rally for Congolese Democracy (ANC Faction) Rioters (Burundi) Rukaramu Communal Militia (Burundi) South African Protection Support Detachment UN: United Nations Unidentified Armed Group (Burundi) Unidentified Armed Group (Democratic Republic of Congo) Unidentified Armed Group (Rwanda) Vigilante Militia (Burundi)

20 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Vigilante Militia (Demo- cratic Republic of Congo) Young Peace Guard

2.8 Benin

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Benin Barei Communal Militia Civilians (Benin) Gangban Communal Mili- (2006-) (Benin) tia (Benin) Military Forces of Benin Fulani Ethnic Militia Civilians (International) Koka Communal Militia (1996-2006) (Benin) (Benin) Military Forces of Benin Pirates (Benin) (2006-2016) Military Forces of Benin Protesters (Benin) (2006-2016) Presidential Security Unit Police Forces of Benin Protesters (Togo) (1996-2006) Police Forces of Benin Rioters (Benin) (2006-2016) Police Forces of Benin Soumbe Gorou Communal (2016-) Militia (Benin) Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Benin) Unidentiﬁed Ethnic Militia (Benin)

2.9 Burkina Faso

Government Challenger Civilian Other CDC: Congress for Demo- Mutiny of Military Forces Civilians (Burkina Faso) Akonga Ethnic Militia cratic Change of Burkina Faso (1987- (Burkina Faso) 2014) CDP: Congress for Democ- Mutiny of Military Forces Civilians (International) Al Mourabitoune Battalion racy and Progress of Burkina Faso (2014- 2015) Government of Burkina Mutiny of Military Forces Civilians (Ivory Coast) ANEB: National Associa- Faso (1987-2014) of Burkina Faso (2015-) tion of Burkinabe Students Government of Burkina Civilians (Mali) Ansaroul Islam Faso (2014-2015) Military Forces of Burkina Bissa Ethnic Militia (Burk- Faso (1987-2014) ina Faso) Military Forces of Burkina Burkinabe Communal Faso (1987-2014) Presiden- Militia (Burkina Faso) tial Security Unit 21 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Military Forces of Burkina Bwaba Ethnic Militia Faso (2014-) (Burkina Faso) Military Forces of Burkina Former Military Forces of Faso (2014-2015) Burkina Faso (1987-2014) Military Forces of Burkina Fula Ethnic Militia (Burk- Faso (2014-2015) Presiden- ina Faso) tial Security Unit Military Forces of Burkina Fulani Ethnic Militia Faso (2015-) (Burkina Faso) Police Forces of Burkina GMA: Mourabitounes Faso (1987-2014) Group of Azawad Police Forces of Burkina Gourmantche Ethnic Mili- Faso (2014-2015) tia (Burkina Faso) Police Forces of Burk- Government of United ina Faso (2014-2015) Gen- States darmerie Police Forces of Burkina Islamic State (Sahara) Faso (2015-) Police Forces of Burkina Islamist Militia (Burkina Faso (2015-) Gendarmerie Faso) Private Security Forces Islamist Militia (Mali) (Burkina Faso) UNIR/PS: Unity for the Liliou Ethnic Militia Renaissance/Sankarist (Burkina Faso) Party Lobi Ethnic Militia (Burk- ina Faso) Military Forces of France MNLA: National Move- ment for the Liberation of Azawad Mossi Ethnic Militia (Burkina Faso) Mutiny of Military Forces of Ivory Coast (2000-2011) Protesters (Burkina Faso) Protesters (Chad) Rioters (Burkina Faso) Tenkodogo Communal Militia (Burkina Faso) UNEF: National Union of Faso Students Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Burkina Faso) Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Ivory Coast)

22 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unidentified Armed Group (Mali) Unidentified Armed Group (Morocco) Unidentified Communal Militia (Burkina Faso) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Mali) Vigilante Militia (Burkina Faso)

2.10 Bangladesh

Government Challenger Civilian Other Bangladesh Awami League ABT: Ansarullah Bangla Civilians (Bangladesh) Tita Communal Militia Militia Team Arakan Liberation Party Ansar-Al-Islam Civilians (International) AA: Arakan Army Bangladesh Bangladesh Awami League BJG: Bangladeshi Jihadi Civilians (Italy) Akannopur Communal Group Militia Bangladesh Awami League Hizb ut-Tahrir Akbarpur Communal Mili- milita tia Bangladesh Awami League ICS: Islami Chhatra Shibir Aliarpur Communal Mili- Militia tia BCL: Bangladesh Chhatra JeI: Jamaat-e-Islami Alinagar Communal Mili- League tia BCL: Bangladesh Chhatra JMB: Jamaat-ul- Araihajar Upazila Commu- League milita Mujahideen Bangladesh nal Militia BCL: Bangladesh Chhatra Rioters (Bangladesh) Astagram Communal Mili- League Militia tia BGB: Border Guard Rioters (Bangladesh) Atghar Communal Militia Bangladesh Biplobi Communist Party Vigilante Militia Babna Para Communal Militia (Bangladesh) Militia BNP: Bangladesh Nation- Protesters (Bangladesh) Baonpur Communal Mili- alist Party militia tia BNP: Bangladesh Nation- Baraipara Communal Mili- alist Party Militia tia Goverment of Bangladesh Barin Nagar Communal Militia Government of the Barni Communal Militia People’s Republic of Bangladesh Jatiyatabadi Chhatra Dal Barni Communal Militia Militia

23 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other JCD: Jatiyatabadi Chha- Basiakhauri Communal tra Dal Militia JJD:Jatiyatabadi Juba Dal Bhoga Bosontopur Com- munal Militia Jubo League Militia Boigram Communal Mili- tia Military Forces of Burungi Communal Militia Bangladesh PBCP-ML: Purba Ban- Chandina Communal Mili- gler Communist Party tia (Marxist-Leninist) PBCP: Purba Banglar Chapra Communal Militia Communist Party PBCP: Purba Banglar Char Bhobanipur Commu- Communist Party Militia nal Militia PCJSS: Parbatya Chatta- Char Bolaki Communal gram Jana Sanghati Militia Samity Police Forces of Char Chowka Communal Bangladesh Militia Purba Banglar Communist Charkadia Communal Party (PBCP) Militia Chotodesh Communal Militia Cox’s Bazar Communal Militia Dakhkhin Barog Commu- nal Militia Dashiarchhara Communal Militia Dhaka Communal Militia Dhurail Communal Militia Dikpara Communal Militia Fulpara Communal Militia Gabtoli Communal Militia Ganga Rampur Communal Militia Gangadashpur Communal Militias Gano Bahini Militia Ghagha Communal Militia Ghorashal Communal Mili- tia Gobindoganj Communal militia

24 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Gobordari Communal Militia Gopalganj Communal Militia IS: Islamic State Jawaicherra Communal Militia JB: Jisan Bahini JJD: Jatiyotabadi Jubo Dal Militia Joynagar Communal Mili- tia Kachua Communal Militia Kala Communal Militia Kali Mandir Communal Militia Kalikapur Communal Mili- tia Kamalpur Communal Mili- tia Kandi Communal Militia Karshakarial Hawla Com- munal Militia Kashmipur Communal Militia Katlipara Communal Mili- tia Kauriakandi Communal Militia Kazianagar Communal Militia Khararia Communal Mili- tia Kholadanga Communal Militia Khramkhali Communal Militia Kishoreganj Communal Militia Kolipur Communal Militia Kunihari Communal Mili- tia Kutubpure Halimpur Communal Militia

25 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Madanga Communal Mili- tia Madaripur Communal Group (Bangladesh) Maheshpur Communal Militia Mahipal Communal Militia Maonpur Communal Mili- tia Military Forces of India Molani Communal Militia Monduri Communal Mili- tia Motiganj Communal Mili- tia Muminpur Barog Commu- nal Militia Munshiganj Communal Militia Naopara Communal Mili- tia Naraliya Communal Mili- tia Natore Communal Militia Nazir Chairman Commu- nal Militia Nishchintopur Communal Militia Noysree Communal Militia Omarpur Communal Mili- tia Ostadona Communal Mili- tia Pallabi Communal Militia Paskata Communal Militia Paskatan Communal Mili- tia Pataria Communal Militia Pirojpur Communal Mili- tia Pirpur Communal Militia Police Forces of India Police Forces of Myanmar Protabpur Communal Militia

26 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Purba Barati Communal Militia Purbo Shibpur Communal Militia Rajshahi Communal militia Ramaganj Communal Mili- tia Rameshwarpur Communal Militia Rangunia Communal Mili- tia Raninagar Communal Militia Ratanpur Communal militia Roﬁnagar Communal Mili- tia Sadullapur Communal Militia Sahapur Communal Militia Sarangpur Communal Militia Satpur Khasjan Communal Militia Shahjirgaon Communal Militia Shapkhola Communal Militia Sheuly Communal Militia Shibasram Communal Militia Shyampur Communal Mili- tia Sinduria Boruria Commu- nal Militia Slida Communal Militia Srirampur Communal Mili- tia Sylhet Communal Militia Tanai Communal Militia Taterkathi Communal Militia The Islami Chhatra Shibir Militia

27 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Tita Communal Militia Took Dhirai Communal Militia Ulpur Communal Militia Unidentified Armed Group (Bangladesh) Unidentified Armed Group (India) Unidentified Armed Group (Myanmar) Unidentified Communal Group (Bangladesh) Uttar Rajnagar Communal Militia Vigilante Group (Bangladesh) Zamira Communal Militia Zamudangan Communal Militia

2.11 Bulgaria

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Bulgaria Protesters (Bulgaria) (2018 Civilians (Bulgaria) (2019 - Romani Ethnic Militia (2017-) (2019 - 2019) Bul- - 2019) Bulgaria 2019) Bulgaria (Bulgaria) (2019 - 2019) garia Bulgaria Police Forces of Bulgaria Protesters (Sudan) (2019 - Civilians (International) (2017-) (2018 - 2019) Bul- 2019) Bulgaria (2019 - 2019) Bulgaria garia Police Forces of Bulgaria Protesters (Turkey) (2019 - Civilians (Libya) (2018 - (2017-) Prison Guards 2019) Bulgaria 2018) Bulgaria (2018 - 2018) Bulgaria Rioters (Bulgaria) (2018 - 2019) Bulgaria Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Bulgaria) (2019 - 2019) Bulgaria

2.12 Bahrain

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Bahrain Al Ashtar Brigades Civilians (Bahrain) Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (1999-) (Bahrain)

28 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Protesters (Bahrain) Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Yemen) Military Forces of Bahrain Rioters (Bahrain) (1999-) Military Forces of Saudi Waad Allah Brigade Arabia (2015-) NDA: National Democratic Action Police Forces of Bahrain (1999-) Prison Guards (Bahrain)

2.13 Bosnia & Herzegovina

Government Challenger Civilian Other PDP: Party of Democratic Protesters (Bosnia and Civilians (Bosnia and Police Forces of Croa- Progress (2019 - 2019) Herzegovina) (2018 - 2019) Herzegovina) (2018 - 2019) tia (2016-) (2019 - 2019) Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina Police Forces of Bosnia Protesters (International) Civilians (International) and Herzegovina (2014- (2018 - 2019) Bosnia and (2018 - 2019) Bosnia and 2018) (2018 - 2018) Bosnia Herzegovina Herzegovina and Herzegovina Police Forces of Bosnia and Protesters (Kosovo) (2019 Civilians (Sweden) (2019 - Herzegovina (2018-) (2018 - 2019) Bosnia and Herze- 2019) Bosnia and Herze- - 2019) Bosnia and Herze- govina govina govina SDA: Party of Democratic Rioters (Bosnia and Civilians (United States) Action (2019 - 2019) Herzegovina) (2018 - 2019) (2019 - 2019) Bosnia and Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina Herzegovina Rioters (International) (2018 - 2019) Bosnia and Herzegovina Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (2018 - 2019) Bosnia and Herzegovina Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (International) (2018 - 2018) Bosnia and Herzegovina

2.14 Belarus

29 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Belarus Protesters (Belarus) (2018 Civilians (Belarus) (2018 - Donetsk People’s Republic (1994-) (2018 - 2019) - 2019) Belarus 2019) Belarus - Government (2019 - 2019) Belarus Belarus Military Forces of Belarus Protesters (Russia) (2019 - Civilians (Ukraine) (2019 - Government of Ukraine (1994-) (2018 - 2018) Be- 2019) Belarus 2019) Belarus (2014-2019) (2019 - 2019) larus Belarus Police Forces of Belarus Rioters (Belarus) (2018 - Military Forces of Russia (1994-) (2018 - 2019) Be- 2018) Belarus (2000-) (2018 - 2018) Be- larus larus Police Forces of Belarus Unidentiﬁed Armed Group Private Security Forces (1994-) Belarus Special (Belarus) (2018 - 2019) Be- (Belarus) (2018 - 2019) Purpose Police (2019 - larus Belarus 2019) Belarus

2.15 Botswana

Government Challenger Civilian Other Military Forces of Protesters (Botswana) Civilians (Botswana) CRD: Congolese Rally for Botswana (1966-) Democracy Police Forces of Botswana Rioters (Botswana) Civilians (Namibia) Protesters (Zambia) (1966-) Civilians (Zimbabwe) Rioters (Zimbabwe) SADC: Southern African Development Community Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Botswana) Police Forces of Zimbabwe (1987-)

2.16 Central African Republic

Government Challenger Civilian Other AU-RTF: African Union- AAAJ: Anti-Jihadist Civilians (Central African Agoumar Communal Mili- led Regional Task Force African Alliance Republic) tia (Central African Re- (2011-) public) AU RCI-LRA: African Anti-Balaka Civilians (Cameroon) Alkamba Ethnic Militia Union Regional Cooper- (Central African Republic) ation Inititiative for the Elimination of the Lords Resistance Army Joint Task Force (2011-)

30 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other EUFOR Chad/CAR: Mil- APRD: Popular Army for Civilians (Chad) Alngamba Ethnic Militia itary Operation in East- the Restoration of the Re- (Central African Republic) ern Chad and North East- public and Democracy ern Central African Repub- lic (2008-2009) EUFOR RCA: European Boko Haram - Wilayat Civilians (Democratic Re- AU: African Union Union Force in the Central Gharb Ifriqiyyah public of Congo) African Republic (2014-) FIRCA: Forces for the CPJP: Convention of Pa- Civilians (International) Badibiri Communal Militia Uniﬁcation of the Central triots for Justice and Peace (Central African Republic) African Republic FOMUC: Multinational FDPC: Democratic Front Civilians (Libya) Bang Communal Militia Force in the Central for the People of the Cen- (Central African Republic) African Republic tral African Republic FSRJ: Special Forces of FPR: Patriotic Forces of Civilians (Mauritania) Bangui Communal Militia Revolutionary Justice Resistance (Central African Republic) Government of Cen- FPRC: Popular Front for Civilians (Nigeria) Batangafo Communal Mili- tral African Republic the Renaissance of Central tia (Central African Re- (1993-2003) Africa public) Government of Cen- LRA: Lords Resistance Civilians (Rwanda) Bocaranga Communal tral African Republic Army Militia (Central African (2003-2013) Republic) Government of Cen- MLCJ-Rakis: Movement Civilians (Sudan) Boeing Communal Militia tral African Republic of Central African Libera- (Central African Republic) (2014-2016) tors for Justice (Rakis Fac- tion) Government of Central MLCJ: Movement of Cen- Bouaka Communal Militia African Republic (2016-) tral African Liberators for (Central African Republic) Justice Kwa Na Kwa Party Mutiny of CPJP: Conven- Bouca Communal Militia tion of Patriots for Justice (Central African Republic) and Peace MICOPAX: Mission for the Mutiny of Military Forces Boy Rabe Communal Mili- Consolidation of Peace in of Central African Repub- tia (Central African Re- Central African Republic lic (1993-2003) public) (2008-2013) Military Forces of PRGF: Popular Front for Bozoum Communal Militia Cameroon (1982-) the Central African Re- (Central African Republic) naissance Military Forces of Seleka Rebel Coalition Bria Communal Militia Cameroon (1982-) Rapid (Central African Republic) Intervention Battalion Military Forces of Central UFDC: United Front for Cantonnier Communal African Republic (1993- Democratic Change Militia (Central African 2003) Republic)

31 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Military Forces of Central UFDR: Union of Demo- CEMAC: Economic and African Republic (1993- cratic Forces for Unity Monetary Community of 2003) Gbaya Faction Central Africa Military Forces of Central UFR: Union of Republican Christian Militia (Central African Republic (1993- Forces African Republic) 2003) Presidential Security Unit Military Forces of Central UPC: Union for Peace in Combattant Communal African Republic (1993- the Central African Repub- Militia (Central African 2003) Yakoma Faction lic Republic) Military Forces of Central Dekoa Communal Militia African Republic (2003- (Central African Republic) 2013) Military Forces of Central Djambala Communal Mili- African Republic (2003- tia (Central African Re- 2013) Bozize Faction public) Military Forces of Central FLC: Congolese Liberation African Republic (2003- Front 2013) Gendarmerie Military Forces of Central Former Military Forces of African Republic (2003- Central African Republic 2013) Presidential Security (2003-2013) Unit Military Forces of Central Former Military Forces of African Republic (2013- Central African Republic 2014) (2013-2014) Military Forces of Central Former Military Forces of African Republic (2013- Central African Repub- 2014) Gendarmerie lic (2013-2014) Presidential Security Unit Military Forces of Central FPR: Popular Front for the African Republic (2013- Recovery 2014) Presidential Security Unit Military Forces of Central Fulani Ethnic Group (Cen- African Republic (2014- tral African Republic) 2016) Military Forces of Central Fulani Ethnic Militia African Republic (2014- (Cameroon) 2016) Gendarmerie Military Forces of Central Fulani Ethnic Militia (Cen- African Republic (2016-) tral African Republic) Military Forces of Central Fulani Ethnic Militia African Republic (2016-) (Chad) Presidential Security Unit

32 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other MINURCA: United Na- Fulani Ethnic Militia (Su- tions Mission in the dan) Central African Republic (1998-2000) MINURCAT: United Na- Goula Ethnic Militia (Cen- tions Mission in the Cen- tral African Republic) tral African Republic and Chad (2007-2010) MINUSCA: United Na- Goussiema Communal tions Multidimensional In- Militia (Central African tegrated Stabilization Mis- Republic) sion in the Central African Republic (2014-) MISCA: African-led Inter- Gouze Communal Militia national Support Mission (Central African Republic) to the Central African Re- public (2013-2014) MLPC: Movement for the Government of South Liberation of the Central Africa (1994-) African People MMRDC: Movement of Guerekindo Communal Popular Walk for the Militia (Central African Central African Republic Republic) Democracy PCUD: Central African Janjaweed Party for Unity and Devel- opment Police Forces of Central Kaga-Bandoro Communal African Republic (1993- Militia (Central African 2003) Republic) Police Forces of Central KM5 Communal Militia African Republic (2003- (Central African Republic) 2013) Police Forces of Central Koko Communal Militia African Republic (2013- (Central African Republic) 2014) Police Forces of Central Koras Youth Militia African Republic (2013- 2014) National Security Company Police Forces of Central Koui Communal Militia African Republic (2014- (Central African Republic) 2016) Police Forces of Central Kpata Communal Militia African Republic (2014- (Central African Republic) 2016) Central Oﬃce for the Repression of Banditry

33 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Police Forces of Central Liwa Communal Militia African Republic (2014- (Central African Republic) 2016) Research and Inves- tigation Division Police Forces of Central Madonguere Communal African Republic (2016-) Militia (Central African Republic) Police Forces of Central Masabio Ethnic Miitia African Republic (2016-) (Central African Republic) Central Oﬃce for the Re- pression of Banditry PRL: Redeemed Patriots Mbarara Ethnic Militia Former Liberators (Central African Republic) RDC: Central African Mbarara Ethnic Militia Democratic Rally (Chad) RJ: Revolution and Justice Mbororo Ethnic Militia (Central African Republic) RPRC: Patriotic Move- Military Forces of Chad ment for the Rebirth of (1990-) the Central African People Military Forces of Demo- cratic Republic of Congo (1997-2001) Military Forces of France Military Forces of Gabon (2009-) Military Forces of Libya (1969-2011) Military Forces of Republic of Congo (1997-) Military Forces of Repub- lic of Congo (1997-) Gen- darmerie Military Forces of South Africa (1994-) Military Forces of Southern Sudan (2005-2011) Military Forces of Sudan (1989-) Military Forces of Uganda (1986-) Military Forces of United States Militia (Abdul Danda) Militia (Bozize) Militia (Issa Kapi)

34 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Militia (Mohamed Ali Fadoul) MISAB: Inter-African Mis- sion to Monitor the Im- plementation of the Bangui Agreements (1997-1998) MLC: Movement for the Liberation of Congo MPC: Patriotic Movement for Central African Repub- lic Muslim Militia (Central African Republic) Mutiny of UPC: Union for Peace in the Central African Republic Ndachima Communal Mili- tia (Central African Re- public) Ngakobo Communal Mili- tia (Central African Re- public) Ngaoundaye Communal Militia (Central African Republic) Nola Communal Militia (Central African Republic) Nzakara Ethnic Militia (Central African Republic) Ouango Communal Militia (Central African Republic) Patriots Militia PK5 Communal Militia (Central African Republic) Prison Guards (Central African Republic) Private Security Forces (Central African Republic) Protesters (Cameroon) Protesters (Central African Republic) Protesters (Democratic Republic of Congo) Rioters (Burundi) Rioters (Cameroon)

35 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Rioters (Central African Republic) Salanze Communal Militia (Central African Republic) Sara Ethnic Militia (Cen- tral African Republic) Seleka Militia SLM/A-Minnawi: Sudan Liberation Movemen- t/Army (Minnawi Faction) SLM/A: Sudan Liberation Movement/Army SPLA/M: Sudanese Peoples Liberation Army/- Movement Tali Ethnic Militia (Cen- tral African Republic) Tiringoulou Communal Militia (Central African Republic) Toubou Ethnic Militia (Chad) Unidentified Armed Group (Cameroon) Unidentified Armed Group (Central African Republic) Unidentified Armed Group (Chad) Unidentified Armed Group (Sudan) Unidentified Communal Militia (Central African Republic) Unidentified Communal Militia (Sudan) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Central African Republic) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Vigilante Militia (Central African Republic) Wango Bangassou Com- munal Militia (Central African Republic) Youlou Ethnic Militia (Central African Republic)

36 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Zaraguinas

2.17 Cte dIvoire

Government Challenger Civilian Other ECOMICI: Economic COJEP: Young Patriots Civilians (Burkina Faso) Abbey Ethnic Militia Community of West (Ivory Coast) African States Mission in Ivory Coast (2002-2004) FNCI: New Forces of Ivory Militia (Miners) Civilians (Central African Abidji Ethnic Militia Coast Republic) (Ivory Coast) FPI: Ivorian Popular Front MILOCI: Movement for Civilians (Ghana) Abobo Communal Militia the Liberation of Western (Ivory Coast) Ivory Coast Government of Ivory Coast MIWRO: Ivorian Move- Civilians (International) Abras Communal Militia (2011-) ment for the Return of the (Ivory Coast) We to the West GPP: Patriotic Group for MJP: Movement for Jus- Civilians (Ivory Coast) Agni Ethnic Militia (Ivory Peace tice and Peace Coast) Military Forces of France MPCI: Patriotic Move- Civilians (Mali) AQIM: Al Qaeda in the Is- ment of the Ivory Coast lamic Maghreb Military Forces of Ivory MPIGO: Ivorian Popular Civilians (Niger) Bako Communal Militia Coast (1993-1999) Movement of the Great (Ivory Coast) West Military Forces of Ivory Mutiny of FESCI: Federa- Civilians (Senegal) Baoule Ethnic Militia Coast (2000-2011) tion of Students and Pupils (Burkina Faso) of Cote dIvoire Military Forces of Ivory Mutiny of FNCI: New Civilians (Togo) Baoule Ethnic Militia Coast (2011-) Forces of Ivory Coast (Ivory Coast) (Ibrahim Coulibaly) Military Forces of Ivory Mutiny of FNCI: New Bete Ethnic Militia (Ivory Coast (2011-) Gendarmerie Forces of Ivory Coast Coast) Military Forces of Ivory Mutiny of FNCI: New Bouaﬂe Communal Militia Coast (2011-) Presidential Forces of Ivory Coast (Za- (Ivory Coast) Security Unit karia Kone) Militia (Pro-Alassane Mutiny of Military Forces Bozo Ethnic Militia (Mali) Ouattara) of Burkina Faso (2015-) Militia (Pro-Laurent Mutiny of Military Forces Broukro Communal Militia Gbagbo) of Ivory Coast (1993-1999) (Ivory Coast) MINUCI: United Nations Mutiny of Military Forces Denan Communal Militia Mission in Cote dIvoire of Ivory Coast (1999-2000) (Ivory Coast) (2003-2004) PDCI: Democratic Party of Mutiny of Military Forces Dioula Ethnic Militia Ivory Coast of Ivory Coast (2000-2011) (Ivory Coast) Police Forces of Ivory Mutiny of Military Forces Dozo Militia Coast (1993-1999) of Ivory Coast (2011-)

37 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Police Forces of Ivory Protesters (Ivory Coast) Ebrie Ethnic Militia (Ivory Coast (1999-2000) Coast) Police Forces of Ivory Rioters (Ivory Coast) ECOMOG: Economic Coast (2000-2011) Community of West African States Monitoring Group Police Forces of Ivory Vigilante Militia (Ivory FESCI: Student Federation Coast (2011-) Coast) of Ivory Coast RDR: Rally of Republicans Former Military Forces of Ivory Coast (2000-2011) UNOCI: United Nations Fulani Ethnic Militia Operation in Ivory Coast (Ivory Coast) (2004-) Gohitaﬂa Communal Mili- tia (Ivory Coast) Guere Ethnic Militia (Ivory Coast) Koideguezon Communal Militia (Ivory Coast) Koro Communal Militia (Ivory Coast) Kroumen Ethnic Militia (Ivory Coast) Lobi Ethnic Militia (Ivory Coast) Malinke Ethnic Militia (Ivory Coast) Military Forces of Guinea (2010-) Militia (Tractor) Mossi Ethnic Militia (Burkina Faso) Nanan Communal Militia (Ivory Coast) Pirates (Ivory Coast) Prison Guards (Ivory Coast) Private Security Forces (Ivory Coast) Private Security Forces (Liberia) Protesters (Burkina Faso) Protesters (Liberia) Protesters (Morocco) Protesters (Nigeria)

38 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Protesters (Senegal) RES: Student and School- ing Renaissance Rioters (Guinea) Senoufo Ethnic Militia (Ivory Coast) Unidentified Armed Group (Burkina Faso) Unidentified Armed Group (Central African Republic) Unidentified Armed Group (Ghana) Unidentified Armed Group (Guinea) Unidentified Armed Group (Ivory Coast) Unidentified Armed Group (Liberia) Unidentified Armed Group (Nigeria) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Burkina Faso) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Ghana) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Ivory Coast) We Ethnic Militia (Ivory Coast) Yacouba Ethnic Militia (Ivory Coast)

2.18 Cameroon

Government Challenger Civilian Other ALPC: Cameroonian Peo- BFF: Bakassi Freedom Civilians (Cameroon) Africa Marine Commando ples Liberation Army Fighters Government of Cameroon Boko Haram - Wilayat Civilians (Central African Ansaru (1982-) Gharb Ifriqiyyah Republic) Military Forces of Liberators of the Southern Civilians (Ghana) Anti-Balaka Cameroon (1982-) Cameroon Military Forces of MLCP: Movement for the Civilians (International) APRD: Popular Army for Cameroon (1982-) Gen- Liberation of the Cameroo- the Restoration of the Re- darmerie nian People public and Democracy

39 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Military Forces of NDDSC: Niger Delta De- Civilians (Nigeria) Bafou Communal Militia Cameroon (1982-) Rapid fence and Security Council (Cameroon) Intervention Battalion Police Forces of Cameroon The Liberators of Southern Bagam Ethnic Militia (1982-) Cameroon (Cameroon) Baligangsen Communal Militia (Cameroon) Bameyan Ethnic Militia (Cameroon) Banfaw Ethnic Militia (Cameroon) Banyangui Ethnic Militia (Cameroon) Bororos Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) COSAC: Coalition for Food Self-Suﬃciency Dola Communal Militia (Cameroon) FDPC: Democratic Front for the People of the Cen- tral African Republic Former Military Forces of Central African Republic (2013-2014) Foulbe Ethnic Militia (Cameroon) Fulani Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Gaboua Communal Militia (Cameroon) Garoua-Boulai Communal Militia (Cameroon) Gbaya Ethnic Militia (Cameroon) Government of Cen- tral African Republic (2003-2013) Government of Nigeria (1999-2015) Jukun Ethnic Militia (Cameroon) Kotoko Ethnic Militia (Cameroon) Limbe Ethnic Militia (Cameroon)

40 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Mbessa Ethnic Militia (Cameroon) MEND: Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta Military Forces of Chad (1990-) Military Forces of Nigeria (1993-1999) Military Forces of Nigeria (1999-2015) Military Forces of Republic of Congo (1997-) Military Forces of United States Musgum Ethnic Militia (Cameroon) Nyalla Communal Militia (Cameroon) Oku Ethnic Militia (Cameroon) Prison Guards (Cameroon) Protesters (Cameroon) Protesters (Chad) Protesters (Nigeria) Rioters (Cameroon) Seleka Militia Seleka Rebel Coalition Unidentified Armed Group (Cameroon) Unidentified Armed Group (Central African Republic) Unidentified Armed Group (Chad) Unidentified Armed Group (Nigeria) Unidentified Communal Militia (Cameroon) Vigilante Militia (Cameroon)

2.19 Congo - Kinshasa

41 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other ADECO: Alliance of Con- ADF-NALU: Allied Demo- Civilians (Angola) golese Democrats cratic Forces-National Army for the Liberation of Uganda ALIR: Army for the Liber- ADF: Allied Democratic Civilians (Burundi) ADD: Alliance for Demo- ation of Rwanda Forces cratic Development Balubakat: Association ADFL: Alliance of Demo- Civilians (Central African Alur Ethnic Militia (Demo- of the Baluba People of cratic Forces for Liberation Republic) cratic Republic of Congo) Katanga CRD: Congolese Rally for ALPC: Alliance for the Civilians (Democratic Re- Anti-Balaka Democracy Liberation of Congolese public of Congo) People FNL: National Forces of APCLS: Alliance of Patri- Civilians (International) ASP: Alliance for the Liberation ots for a Free and Sovereign Health of the People Congo FPLC: Patriotic Front ARC: Revolutionary Army Civilians (Rwanda) Babembe Ethnic Militia for the Liberation of the of the Congo (Democratic Republic of Congo Congo) Government of Democratic BDK: Bunda Dia Kongo Civilians (Tanzania) Bafulero Ethnic Militia Republic of Congo (1997- (Democratic Republic of 2001) Congo) Government of Democratic CNDP: National Congress Civilians (Uganda) Bafuliru Communal Mili- Republic of Congo (2001-) for the Defence of the Peo- tia (Democratic Republic ple of Congo) Hutu Ethnic Militia Cobras Militia Bakabeya Communal Mili- (Democratic Republic of tia (Democratic Republic Congo) of Congo) Hutu Rebels COGAI: Coalition of Bakata Katanga Commu- Armed Group of Ituri nal Militia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Military Forces of Chad Djeshi ya Yesu Bakwa Kanjinga Commu- (1990-) nal Militia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Military Forces of Demo- EFLC: Ecumenical Forces Bakwa Katulayi Eth- cratic Republic of Congo for the Liberation of the nic Militia (Democratic (1997-2001) Congo Republic of Congo) Military Forces of Demo- FAP: Popular Self-Defence Bakwa Mﬁka Communal cratic Republic of Congo Forces Militia (Democratic Re- (1997-2001) Special Presi- public of Congo) dential Division Military Forces of Demo- FAPC: Peoples Armed Bakwa Yidu Communal cratic Republic of Congo Forces of Congo Militia (Democratic Re- (2001-) public of Congo) Military Forces of Demo- FD-PLO: Defense Forces of Bakwamputus Ethnic Mili- cratic Republic of Congo the People of Orientale tia (Democratic Republic (2001-) National Intelli- of Congo) gence Agency

42 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Military Forces of Demo- FDC: Forces for Congolese Bamate Ethnic Militia cratic Republic of Congo Defence (Democratic Republic of (2001-) Presidential Secu- Congo) rity Unit Military Forces of Demo- FDDH: Human Rights De- Bamboma Ethnic Militia cratic Republic of Congo fence Forces (Democratic Republic of (2001-) Republican Guard Congo) Military Forces of Demo- FDIPC: Force for the De- Bantu Ethnic Militia cratic Republic of Congo / fence of the Interests of the (Democratic Republic of Zaire (1965-1997) Congolese People Congo) Military Forces of Namibia FDLR-FOCA: Democratic Banyamulenge Ethnic (1990-) Forces for the Liberation Militia (Democratic of Rwanda- Forces ﬁghting Republic of Congo) Abacunguzi Military Forces of Sudan FDLR-RUD: Democratic Barundi Ethnic Militia (1989-) Forces for the Liberation (Democratic Republic of of Rwanda-Rally for Unity Congo) and Democracy Military Forces of Zim- FDLR: Democratic Forces Batangi Ethnic Militia babwe (1987-) for the Liberation of (Democratic Republic of Rwanda Congo) MLC: Movement for the FLC: Congolese Liberation Batetelas Ethnic Militia Liberation of Congo Front (Democratic Republic of Congo) NALU: National Army for FLEC-Renouvada: Front Batwa Ethnic Militia the Liberation of Uganda for the Liberation of the (Democratic Republic of Enclave of Cabinda (Re- Congo) nouvada Faction) PALIPEHUTU-FNL: FLEC: Front for the Liber- Baye Communal Militia National Forces for ation and Emancipation of (Democratic Republic of Liberation-Party for the the Congo Congo) Liberation of the Hutu People PALU: Uniﬁed Lumumbist FLEC: Front for the Lib- Bena Dipumba Communal Party eration of the Enclave of Militia (Democratic Re- Cabinda public of Congo) Police Forces of Demo- FNI: Nationalist and Inte- Bena Kalombo Communal cratic Republic of Congo grationist Front Militia (Democratic Re- (1997-2001) public of Congo) Police Forces of Demo- FOREBU: Republican Bena Kambombo Commu- cratic Republic of Congo Forces of Burundi nal Militia (Democratic (2001-) Republic of Congo) Police Forces of Demo- FPC: Forces of Congolese Bena Kelende Communal cratic Republic of Congo Patriots Militia (Democratic Re- (2001-) Garamba National public of Congo) Park

43 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Police Forces of Demo- FPD: Popular Force for Bena Nyoka Communal cratic Republic of Congo Democracy Militia (Democratic Re- (2001-) Kahuzi-Biega Na- public of Congo) tional Park Police Forces of Demo- FPJC: Popular Front for Bena Nzemba Communal cratic Republic of Congo Justice in Congo Militia (Democratic Re- (2001-) Okapi National public of Congo) Park Police Forces of Demo- FPPH: Popular Forces for Bena Tshilabo Communal cratic Republic of Congo the Protection of the Hutu Militia (Democratic Re- (2001-) Virunga National public of Congo) Park PPRD: Peoples Party FRF: Federal Republican Biakatu Communal Mili- for Reconstruction and Forces tia (Democratic Republic Democracy of Congo) PUSIC: Party for the Unity FRPI-Cobra Matata: Blukwa Communal Mili- and Safekeeping of Congos Front for Patriotic Re- tia (Democratic Republic Integrity sistance of Ituri (Cobra of Congo) Matata Faction) UDPS: Union for Democ- FRPI-R: Front for Patri- Bobala Communal Militia racy and Social Progress otic Resistance of Ituri- (Democratic Republic of Rambo Congo) UNAFEC: Union of Na- FRPI: Front for Patriotic Bobandu Communal Mili- tionalist Federalists of Resistance of Ituri tia (Democratic Republic Congo Party of Congo) UPDS: Union for Democ- Government of Rwanda Bogbaka Communal Mili- racy and Social Progress (1994-) tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) WNBF: West Nile Bank Government of Uganda Bogbonga Communal Mili- Front (1986-) tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Interahamwe Militia Bogwaka Communal Mili- tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) JUNAFEC: Union of Bokenge Communal Mili- Nationalist Federalists of tia (Democratic Republic Congo Youth of Congo) LRA: Lords Resistance Bokuto Communal Militia Army (Democratic Republic of Congo) Lubangula Communal Bomboma Ethnic Militia Militia (Democratic (Democratic Republic of Republic of Congo) Congo) Lugaba Communal Militia Bongandanga Commu- (Democratic Republic of nal Militia (Democratic Congo) Republic of Congo)

44 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other M23: March 23 Movement Bongwele Communal Mili- tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) M26 Budjala Ethnic Militia (Democratic Republic of Congo) M27 Bulana Communal Militia (Democratic Republic of Congo) MAC: Action Movement Bulo Communal Militia for Change (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (ADFL Bwena Muntu Communal Faction) Militia (Democratic Re- public of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Akili- Christian Militia (Demo- mali) cratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Au- CNDD-FDD: National gustin) Council for the Defence of Democracy-Forces for the Defence of Democracy Mayi Mayi Militia (Bakata Dibaya Communal Militia Katanga) (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Bak- Djumia Communal Militia wanga) (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Bede) Djupagasa Ethnic Militia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Body of Djupamula Ethnic Militia Christ) (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia Djupazunguru Ethnic Mili- (Bwasakala) tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia Djupio Ethnic Militia (Charles) (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Cheka) Drakpa Communal Mili- tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Cmdt Ebengo Ethnic Militia Jackson) (Democratic Republic of Congo)

45 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Mayi Mayi Militia (Cmdt Enyele Ethnic Militia La Fontaine) (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Gedeon Former CNDP: National Kyungu Mutanda) Congress for the Defence of the People Mayi Mayi Militia Former Military Forces of (Guides) Democratic Republic of Congo (2001-) Mayi Mayi Militia (Gu- Former Military Forces of mino) Democratic Republic of Congo / Zaire (1965-1997) Mayi Mayi Militia (Han- Former Military Forces of dlebar) Rwanda (1973-1994) Mayi Mayi Militia Former NLF: National Lib- eration Forces Mayi Mayi Militia (Kara- FROLINA: National Lib- Kara) eration Front Mayi Mayi Militia (Kifua- G7 Opposition Coalition fua) Mayi Mayi Militia (Kiku- Gini Lau Communal Mili- rukuku) tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Kiriki- Goma Communal Militia cho) (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Kiyan- Government of United dayira) States Mayi Mayi Militia (Lo- Haut-Uele Communal Mili- fombo) tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Ma- Hema Ethnic Militia horo) (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Major Hunde Ethnic Militia Pierre Rashidi Ibulecho) (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Mak- Ibobi Communal Militia enga Sultani) (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia Imbokolo Ethnic Militia (Makucha-Makucha) (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Man- Ingobokagihugu Militia defu)

46 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Mayi Mayi Militia (Manu) Kabeya Mayi 1 Communal Militia (Democratic Re- public of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia Kabeya Mayi 2 Communal (Marungu) Militia (Democratic Re- public of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia Kabongo Communal Mili- (Mazembe) tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia Kahesha Communal Mili- (Mbuayi) tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Morgan Kalambo Communal Mili- Ekasambaza) tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Mu- Kalehe Communal Militia dowu) (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Mu- Kalemie Ethnic Militia pekenya) (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia Kaliki Communal Militia (Mutchoma) (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia Kamalu Communal Mili- (Mwenyemali) tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Nyak- Kamanda Ethnic Militia iliba) (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia Kampala Communal Mili- (Nyatura-Raia Tujigem- tia (Democratic Republic eye) of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Ny- Kande Communal Militia atura) (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Ny- Kaniola Communal Mili- atura) Benjamin Faction tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Ny- Kanunga Communal Mili- atura) Kasongo Faction tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia Kasenga Communal Mili- (Nyumba-Isha) tia (Democratic Republic of Congo)

47 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Mayi Mayi Militia (Pareco) Katenda Communal Mili- tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia Kawangu Communal Mili- (PARECO) tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Kebange Communal Mili- Mukombozi) tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Kelela Communal Militia Mutomboki-Binakwa) (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Kigogo Communal Militia Mutomboki-Bravo) (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Kigombet Communal Mili- Mutomboki-Butachibera) tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Kintobongo Commu- Mutomboki-Cynthia) nal Militia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Kioka Communal Militia Mutomboki-Hamakombo) (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Kitembo Communal Mili- Mutomboki-Kabazimiya) tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Kuluna Communal Militia Mutomboki-Kikuni Jurist) (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Kumu Communal Militia Mutomboki-Kizamoto) (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Kunda Communal Militia Mutomboki-Lukoba) (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Lendu Ethnic Militia Mutomboki-Mabala) (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Lingotebe Communal Mili- Mutomboki-Maheshe) tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Lobala Ethnic Militia Mutomboki-Makombo) (Democratic Republic of Congo)

48 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Lobilo Communal Militia Mutomboki-Mambonde) (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Lokele Ethnic Militia Mutomboki-Mirage) (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Lokenye Communal Mili- Mutomboki-Ndarumanga) tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Longonya Dive Communal Mutomboki-Nsindo) Militia (Democratic Re- public of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Lotelama Communal Mili- Mutomboki-Ntoto) tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Luba Ethnic Militia Mutomboki-Shukuru) (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Lulunga Communal Mili- Mutomboki-Sisawa) tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Lunda Communal Militia Mutomboki) (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Saﬁsha Mabeka Communal Mili- Mabaya) tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Shebi Makpelengo Ethnic Mili- Muhisa) tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia Mbandaka Communal (Shetani) Militia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Simba) Mbingi Communal Militia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Sum- Mbororo Ethnic Militia badede) (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Tshan- Mbuza Ethnic Militia denga) (Democratic Republic of Congo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Union Menga Otete Communal of Patriots for the Defense Militia (Democratic Re- of the Innocents) public of Congo)

49 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Mayi Mayi Militia Military Forces of Central (Vuende) African Republic (2003- 2013) Mayi Mayi Militia (Werra- Military Forces of Central son) African Republic (2013- 2014) Bozize Faction Mayi Mayi Militia (Yaku- Military Forces of Republic tumba) of Congo (1992-1997) Military Forces of Angola Military Forces of Republic (1975-) of Congo (1997-) Military Forces of Burundi Military Forces of South (1996-2005) Africa (1994-) Military Forces of Burundi Military Forces of South (2005-) Sudan (2011-) Military Forces of Rwanda Military Forces of Southern (1994-) Sudan (2005-2011) Military Forces of Uganda Military Forces of Zambia (1986-) (2002-2008) Militia (Adumi) Military Forces of Zambia (2008-2011) Militia (Alleluia) Minda Communal Militia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Militia (Dominique) Moba Communal Militia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Militia (Elements) Mokonga Communal Mili- tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Militia (Faustin Munene) Mono Ethnic Militia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Militia (Foka Mike) MONUC: United Nations Organization Mission in Democratic Republic of Congo (1999-2010) Militia (Gedeon) MONUSCO: United Na- tions Organization Stabi- lization Mission in Demo- cratic Republic of Congo (2010-) Militia (Gen. Rubaruba) Mubake Communal Mili- tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Militia (Governor of Kasai- Mudikongo Ethnic Militia Oriental) (Democratic Republic of Congo)

50 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Militia (Hilaire Kombi) Muhuzi Communal Mili- tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Militia (Iki Tabani) Mukandila Communal Militia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Militia (Kamwina Nsapu) Mukemuna Communal Militia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Militia (Kem) Mukungwe Communal Militia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Militia (Mangalibi Sadala) Munyenge Communal Mili- tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Militia (Mumbere Kasauti) Munzaya Ethnic Militia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Militia (Mweke) Mutiny of LRA: Lords Re- sistance Army Militia (Oudas) Nande Ethnic Militia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Militia (Thoms) Ndrungo Communal Mili- tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Militia (Waminene) Ngale Communal Militia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Minembwe Dissidents Ngbaka Communal Mili- tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) MPA: Popular Movement Ngbanda Communal Mili- for Self-Defence tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) MRC: Congolese Revolu- Ngbandi Communal Mili- tionary Movement tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) MRDC: Movement for the Ngiti Ethnic Militia Restoration of Democracy (Democratic Republic of in the Congo Congo) MRPC: Popular Re- Ngombe Communal Mili- sistance Movement of tia (Democratic Republic Congo of Congo) Mudundu 40 Ngona Communal Militia (Democratic Republic of Congo)

51 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Mutiny of Military Forces Nombe Ovungu Commu- of Democratic Republic nal Militia (Democratic of Congo (1997-2001) Republic of Congo) (Banyamulenge Faction) Mutiny of Military Forces Ntambwe Communal Mili- of Democratic Republic tia (Democratic Republic of Congo (2001-) (Bemba of Congo) Faction) Mutiny of Military Forces Ntungulu Communal Mili- of Democratic Republic of tia (Democratic Republic Congo (2001-) of Congo) Mutiny of Military Forces Nyamilima Communal of Democratic Republic of Militia (Democratic Congo (2001-) (Nkunda Republic of Congo) Faction) NDC-C: Nduma Defense of Nyanzale Communal Mili- Congo (Cheka) tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) NDC-G: Nduma Defence of Nzaji Communal Militia Congo (Guidon) (Democratic Republic of Congo) NDC-R: Nduma Defence of Okita Ndeke Communal Congo (Renewal) Militia (Democratic Re- public of Congo) NDC: Nduma Defence of Okito Dimba Communal Congo Militia (Democratic Re- public of Congo) Ninjas Militia Omahotshia Commu- nal Militia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Nyatura-APCLS Coali- Panga Mulambo Commu- tion: Nyatura-Alliance of nal Militia (Democratic Patriots for a Free and Republic of Congo) Sovereign Congo Nyatura-FDLR Coalition: Pende Communal Militia Nyatura -Democratic (Democratic Republic of Forces for the Liberation Congo) of Rwanda Nzambe Lumumba Sect Police Forces of Republic of (Democratic Republic of Congo (1997-) Congo) Police Forces of Rwanda Prison Guards (Demo- (1994-) cratic Republic of Congo) Police Forces of Uganda Private Security Forces (1986-) (Democratic Republic of Congo)

52 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other PRA: Peoples Redemption Protesters (Angola) Army PRFI: Patriotic Resistance Protesters (Central African Forces of Ituri Republic) Protesters (Democratic Rioters (Burundi) Republic of Congo) RCD-Goma: Rally for Rioters (Central African Congolese Democracy Republic) (Goma) RCD-K-ML: Rally for Rioters (International) Congolese Democracy- Kisangani-Liberation Movement RCD-K: Rally for Con- Shari Communal Militia golese Democracy (Kisan- (Democratic Republic of gani) Congo) RCD: Rally for Congolese SPLA/M-In Opposition: Democracy (ANC Faction) Sudanese Peoples Libera- tion Army/Movement-In Opposition RCD: Rally for Congolese SPLA/M: Sudanese Democracy Peoples Liberation Army/- Movement RCD: Rally for Congolese Tembo Communal Militia Democracy (Masunzu Fac- (Democratic Republic of tion) Congo) Resistance Patriots of Tonkandjo Communal Dongo Militia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Rioters (Democratic Re- UN: United Nations public of Congo) RPR: Gathering of the Unidentified Armed Group Rwandan People (Burundi) RUD: Gathering for Unity Unidentified Armed Group and Democracy (Democratic Republic of Congo) Tigers Militia Unidentified Armed Group (Rwanda) Tutsi Ethnic Militia Unidentified Armed Group (Democratic Republic of (South Sudan) Congo) UFRC: Union of Revolu- Unidentified Armed Group tionary Forces of Congo (Sudan) UNRF II: Uganda National Unidentified Armed Group Rescue Front II (Uganda)

53 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other UPC: Union of Congolese Unidentiﬁed Commu- Patriots nal Militia (Democratic Republic of Congo) UPLC: Union of Patriots Unidentiﬁed Ethnic Mili- for the Liberation of Congo tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) URDC: Union for the Re- UNITA: National Union habilitation of Democracy for the Total Independence in the Congo of Angola Vigilante Militia (Demo- Vamangbi Communal Mili- cratic Republic of Congo) tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Zaraguinas Vazanga Communal Mili- tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Wageregere Ethnic Militia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Wangilima Ethnic Militia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Waza Communal Militia (Democratic Republic of Congo) West Lau Communal Mili- tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Yaliseke Communal Mili- tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Yaongowa Communal Mili- tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Yatamba Communal Mili- tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Yatota Communal Militia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Yoka Ethnic Militia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Zambo Communal Militia (Democratic Republic of Congo)

54 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Zegesia Communal Militia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Zekeﬁa Communal Militia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Zengele Communal Mili- tia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Zimba Communal Militia (Democratic Republic of Congo)

2.20 Congo - Brazzaville

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Republic of Cobras Militia Civilians (Republic of Anti-Balaka Congo (1997-) Congo) Military Forces of Republic Cocoye Militia Civilians (Democratic Re- Enyele Ethnic Militia of Congo (1992-1997) public of Congo) (Democratic Republic of Congo) Military Forces of Republic FLEC: Front for the Lib- Civilians (Gabon) Former Military Forces of of Congo (1997-) eration of the Enclave of Rwanda (1973-1994) Cabinda Military Forces of Repub- Ninjas Militia Civilians (International) Government of Cen- lic of Congo (1997-) Gen- tral African Republic darmerie (2014-2016) MLC: Movement for the Ninjas Militia (Nsiloulou Military Forces of Angola Liberation of Congo Faction) (1975-) PCT: Congolese Labour Military Forces of Demo- Party cratic Republic of Congo (1997-2001) Police Forces of Republic of Military Forces of France Congo (1992-1997) Police Forces of Republic of Mutiny of Cobras Militia Congo (1997-) RDD: Rally for Democracy Protesters (International) and Development Protesters (Republic of Congo) Rioters (Democratic Re- public of Congo) Rioters (Republic of Congo) Seleka Militia

55 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Democratic Republic of Congo) Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Republic of Congo)

2.21 Cyprus

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Cyprus ELAM: National Peoples Civilians (Cameroon) Government of Northern (2013-) (2019 - 2019) Front (2019 - 2019) Cyprus (2019 - 2019) Cyprus Cyprus (2015-) (2019 - Cyprus 2019) Cyprus Military Forces of Greece Protesters (Cyprus) (2018 - Civilians (Cyprus) (2018 - Government of Turkey (2019-) (2019 - 2019) 2019) Cyprus 2019) Cyprus (2016-) (2019 - 2019) Cyprus Cyprus Police Forces of Cyprus Protesters (Greece) (2019 - Civilians (Syria) (2018 - Military Forces of North- (2013-) (2018 - 2019) 2019) Cyprus 2019) Cyprus ern Cyprus (2015-) (2019 - Cyprus 2019) Cyprus Protesters (International) Civilians (Turkey) (2018 - Military Forces of Syria (2018 - 2019) Cyprus 2018) Cyprus (2000-) (2019 - 2019) Cyprus Protesters (Iraq) (2019 - Military Forces of Turkey 2019) Cyprus (2016-) (2018 - 2019) Cyprus Protesters (Lebanon) Police Forces of North- (2019 - 2019) Cyprus ern Cyprus (2015-) (2018 - 2019) Cyprus Protesters (Somalia) (2019 UNFICYP: United Na- - 2019) Cyprus tions Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (2019 - 2019) Cyprus Protesters (Syria) (2018 - 2018) Cyprus Rioters (Cyprus) (2018 - 2019) Cyprus Rioters (Eritrea) (2018 - 2018) Cyprus Rioters (Greece) (2018 - 2019) Cyprus Rioters (International) (2019 - 2019) Cyprus Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Cyprus) (2018 - 2019) Cyprus Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Iraq) (2018 - 2018) Cyprus

56 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Nigeria) (2019 - 2019) Cyprus

2.22 Djibouti

Government Challenger Civilian Other FRUD: Front of the Protesters (Djibouti) Civilians (Djibouti) Al Shabaab Restoration of Unity and Democracy Government of Djibouti Rioters (Djibouti) Civilians (Eritrea) Issa Yonis Moussa Sub- (1999-) Clan Militia (Djibouti) Military Forces of Djibouti Civilians (International) Military Forces of Eritrea (1977-1999) (1993-) Military Forces of Djibouti Military Forces of Ethiopia (1999-) (1991-) Military Forces of Djibouti Protesters (Ethiopia) (1999-) Gendarmerie Military Forces of Djibouti SPLA/M-In Opposition: (1999-) Presidential Secu- Sudanese Peoples Libera- rity Unit tion Army/Movement-In Opposition Police Forces of Djibouti Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (1999-) (Djibouti) USN: Union for National Salvation

2.23 Algeria

Government Challenger Civilian Other FIS: Islamic Salvation ADC: Democratic Alliance Civilians (Algeria) Zintan Ethnic Militia Front of 23rd May for Change (Libya) Government of Algeria Ansar Dine Civilians (Morocco) Islamist Militia (Algeria) (1999-) Military Forces of Algeria AQIM: Al Qaeda in the Is- Civilians (International) Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (1994-1999) lamic Maghreb (Algeria) Military Forces of Algeria Arab Ethnic Militia (Alge- Civilians (Mali) Military Forces of Morocco (1999-) ria) (1999-) Military Forces of Algeria ATNMC: North Mali Tu- Civilians (Libya) Protesters (Tunisia) (1999-) Border Guard areg Alliance for Change Military Forces of Algeria Berber Ethnic Militia (Al- Rioters (Algeria) (1999-) Border Guards geria) Military Forces of Algeria Chaamba Ethnic Militia Military Forces of Ger- (1999-) Gendarmerie (Algeria) many

57 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Military Forces of Algeria CNCD: National Coordi- Military Forces of Mali (1999-) Municipal Guard nation for Change and (2002-2012) Democracy Police Forces of Algeria Draa Errich Communal Unidentified Armed Group (1999-) Militia (Algeria) (Tunisia) Police Forces of Algeria El-Farouk Brigade Police Forces of Morocco (1999-) Municipal Guard (1999-) Polisario Front Ennour Brigade Unidentified Armed Group (Morocco) Private Security Forces GIA: Armed Islamic Group Unidentified Armed Group (Algeria) (Libya) GLD: Legitimate Defence Protesters (International) Groups Militia GSL: Free Salafist Group Government of Mali (2002- 2012) GSPC: Salafist Group for Unidentified Ethnic Militia Call and Combat (Algeria) Ibadite Sect Militia (Alge- Protesters (Egypt) ria) LIDD: The Islamic League Unidentified Armed Group for Preaching and Holy (Mali) Struggle Malekite Sect Militia (Al- Protesters (Morocco) geria) MNLA: National Move- Saharawi Communal Mili- ment for the Liberation of tia (Morocco) Azawad MSJI: Saharan Sons for Is- FIS: Islamic Salvation lamic Justice Movement Front MUJAO: Movement for Patriots Militia Unity and Jihad in West Africa Okba Ibn Nafaa Brigade Military Forces of Maurita- nia (1984-2005) Ouled Embarek Clan Mili- Al Qaeda tia (Algeria) Protectors of the Salafi Salafia Jihadia Call Soldiers of the Caliphate Saharawi Communal Mili- tia (Morocco) Those Who Signed in Blood Timizart Brigade Tuareg Ethnic Militia (Al- geria)

58 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Vigilante Militia (Algeria)

2.24 Egypt

Government Challenger Civilian Other Ahrar Party (Hemeida Fac- Ajnad Misr Civilians (Egypt) Al Qaeda tion) Ahrar Party (Sadat Fac- Al-Gamaa al-Islamiyya Civilians (Chad) Ansar al-Jihad al-Alami tion) FJP: Freedom and Justice Al-Takﬁr wal Hijrah Civilians (Eritrea) Arab Ethnic Militia Party (Egypt) Ghad Political Party Al Jihad Civilians (International) Awlad Ibrahim Clan Mili- tia (Egypt) Government of Egypt Ansar Beit al-Maqdis Civilians (Ivory Coast) Bedouin Ethnic Militia (1981-2011) (Egypt) Government of Egypt April 6 Youth Movement Civilians (Libya) Bulak Communal Militia (2011-2012) (Egypt) Government of Egypt AQIM: Al Qaeda in the Is- Civilians (South Sudan) Christian Brotherhood (2012-2013) lamic Maghreb Government of Egypt Army of Islam Civilians (Sudan) Christian Militia (Egypt) (2013-2014) Government of Egypt Hasam Movement Christian Militia (Sudan) (2014-) Independence Party Lewaa El-Thawra Coptic Christian Militia (Egypt) Military Forces of Egypt Militia (Abdel Halim) Former Military Forces of (1981-2011) Egypt (2013-2014) Military Forces of Egypt Militia (Anti-Government) Galal Clan Militia (Egypt) (1981-2011) Border Guards Military Forces of Egypt Militia (Street Traders) GMA: Mourabitounes (2011-2012) Group of Azawad Military Forces of Egypt Militia (Students) Hunayshat Ethnic Militia (2011-2012) Military Police (Egypt) Military Forces of Egypt Popular Resistance Islamist Militia (Egypt) (2011-2012) Military Forces of Egypt Protesters (Egypt) Izz ad-Din al-Qassam (2012-2013) Brigade Military Forces of Egypt Revolutionary Punishment Jund Ansar Allah (2012-2013) Border Guards Military Forces of Egypt Rioters (Egypt) Kheir Clan Militia (Egypt) (2013-2014) Military Forces of Egypt Tahrir Brigades MFO: Multinational Force (2013-2014) Border Guards and Observers Military Forces of Egypt The Death Cell Military Forces of Israel (2014-)

59 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Military Forces of Egypt Ultras Ahlawy Military Forces of United (2014-) Border Guards States Military Forces of Egypt Muslim Militia (Egypt) (2014-) Special Forces Militia (Pro-Government) Nuba Ethnic Militia (Egypt) Muslim Brotherhood Police Forces of Libya (2012-2014) NDP: National Democratic Prison Guards (Egypt) Party NSF: National Salvation Private Security Forces Front (Egypt) Police Forces of Egypt Protesters (Ethiopia) (1981-2011) Police Forces of Egypt Protesters (International) (2011-2012) Police Forces of Egypt Protesters (Libya) (2012-2013) Police Forces of Egypt Protesters (South Sudan) (2013-2014) Police Forces of Egypt Protesters (Sudan) (2014-) Rioters (Libya) Rioters (Sudan) Rioters (Tunisia) Shoubrah Communal Mili- tia (Egypt) State of Sinai Sunni Muslim Militia (Egypt) Tamman Clan Militia (Egypt) Tobruk Ethnic Militia (Libya) Ultras White Knights Unidentified Armed Group (Egypt) Unidentified Armed Group (International) Unidentified Armed Group (Libya) Unidentified Armed Group (Sudan) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Egypt)

60 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Vanguards of Conquest Vigilante Militia (Egypt)

2.25 Eritrea

Government Challenger Civilian Other BC: Beja Congress DMLEK: Democratic Civilians (Eritrea) Beni-Amer Ethnic Militia Movement for the Libera- (Eritrea) tion of Eritrean Kunama Government of Eritrea ENSF: Eritrean National Civilians (Ethiopia) Eastern Front (1993-) Salvation Front IPEDJ: Islamic Party of EPC: Eritrean Popular Civilians (International) FRUD: Front of the Eritrea for Development Congress Restoration of Unity and and Justice Democracy Military Forces of Eritrea Eritrean Kumama Demo- Houthi Movement - Ansar (1993-) cratic Liberation Move- Allah ment Police Forces of Eritrea Mutiny of Military Forces Military Forces of Djibouti (1993-) of Eritrea (1993-) (1999-) RSADO: Red Sea Afar OLF: Oromo Liberation Military Forces of Ethiopia Democratic Organisation Front (1991-) Military Forces of Israel Military Forces of Sudan (1989-) NRF: National Redemp- tion Front Protesters (Eritrea) Protesters (Ethiopia) Protesters (International) Rioters (Eritrea) SPLA/M: Sudanese Peoples Liberation Army/- Movement UFLD: United Front for Liberation and Develop- ment Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Eritrea) Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Ethiopia) UNMEE: United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (2000-2008)

61 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.26 Spain

Government Challenger Civilian Other Protesters (Morocco) Military Forces of Morocco (2019 - 2019) Spain (1999-) Border Guards (2019 - 2019) Spain Rioters (International) Police Forces of Morocco (2019 - 2019) Spain (1999-) (2019 - 2019) Spain

2.27 Ethiopia

Government Challenger Civilian Other APP: Afar Peoples Party ADFM: Amhara Demo- Civilians (Egypt) Afar Ethnic Militia cratic Force Movement (Ethiopia) ARDUF: Afar Revolu- AGUDM: Patriotic Ginbot Civilians (Eritrea) Ajuran Ethnic Militia tionary Democratic Unity 7 for Unity and Democratic (Kenya) Front Movement Christian Militia AIAI: Al-Itihad Al-Islamia Civilians (Ethiopia) Aliwan Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) (Ethiopia) Coalition for Unity and Al-Shabiba Al-Islamiyah Civilians (International) Amaro Ethnic Militia Democracy Party (Ethiopia) CUD: Coalition for Unity Al Shabaab Civilians (Kenya) Amhara Ethnic Militia and Democracy Militia (Ethiopia) EDU: Front of the Amhara Tegadlo Civilians (Somalia) Anuak Ethnic Militia Ethiopian Democratic (Ethiopia) Union Forces EPRDF: Ethiopian Peo- Benishangul Peoples Liber- Civilians (Sudan) Anuak Ethnic Militia (Su- ples Revolutionary Demo- ation Movement dan) cratic Front Government of Ethiopia EPPF: Ethiopian Peoples Civilians (Zambia) Awngi Ethnic Militia (1991-) Patriotic Front (Ethiopia) MEDREK: Ethiopian Fed- Ethiopian Unity and Jus- Benishangale Ethnic Mili- eral Democratic Unity Fo- tice Movement tia (Ethiopia) rum Military Forces of Ethiopia EUFF: Ethiopian Unity Borana Ethnic Militia (1991-) and Freedom Force (Ethiopia) OFDM: Oromo Federal- GDM: Gambelan Demo- Chabu Ethnic Militia ist Democratic Movement cratic Movement (Ethiopia) Party OPDO: Oromo Peoples Ginbot Seven Party Dabaqoodhiga Ethnic Mili- Democratic Organization tia (Ethiopia) Orthodox Christian Militia Gunbot 7 Opposition Dawe Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Group (Ethiopia) Police Forces of Ethiopia Military Forces of Eritrea Derash Ethnic Militia (1991-) (1993-) (Ethiopia)

62 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Police Forces of Ethiopia Militia (Col. Abdi Qeyb- Dinka Ethnic Militia (Su- (1991-) Liyu Division did Awale) dan) Militia (Gen. Peter Kuol Gabra Ethnic Militia Chol) (Ethiopia) Muslim Militia (Ethiopia) Garre Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Mutiny of Military Forces Garre Ethnic Militia of Ethiopia (1991-) (Kenya) OLF: Oromo Liberation Gebra Ethnic Militia Front (Ethiopia) ONLA: Ogaden National Gedeo Ethnic Militia Liberation Army (Ethiopia) Oromo Ethnic Militia Geleb Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) (Ethiopia) Police Forces of Eritrea Government of South Su- (1993-) dan (2011-) Protesters (Ethiopia) Government of Sudan (1989-) Rioters (Ethiopia) Guji Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) RSADO: Red Sea Afar Gumuz Ethnic Militia Democratic Organisation (Ethiopia) SLF: Sidama Liberation Gura Ethnic Militia Front (Ethiopia) TPDM: Tigray Peoples Gurage Ethnic Militia Democratic Movement (Ethiopia) TPLF: Tigray Peoples Lib- Hadyia Ethnic Militia eration Front (Ethiopia) UWSLF: United Western Isa Ethnic Militia Somali Liberation Front (Ethiopia) Issa Clan Militia (Somalia) Kereyou Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Konso Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Liyu Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Mada Talila Communal Militia (Ethiopia) Majangir Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Merrile Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Military Forces of Kenya (1978-2002)

63 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Military Forces of Kenya (2002-2013) Military Forces of Sudan (1989-) Murle Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Murle Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Muslim Militia (Somalia) Nuer Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Nuer Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Oda Bultum Communal Militia (Ethiopia) Ogaden Clan Militia (So- malia) Oromo Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Police Forces of Kenya (1978-2002) Police Forces of Kenya (2002-2013) Police Forces of Kenya (2013-) Police Forces of Zambia (2011-) Prison Guards (Ethiopia) Protesters (Eritrea) Protesters (South Sudan) RRA: Rahanweyn Resis- tance Army Sidama Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) SLM/A-Nur: Sudan Lib- eration Movement/Army (Abdul Wahid al-Nur Faction) Sokumar Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Somali Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Somali Gura Ethnic Militia (Somalia)

64 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Southern Sudan Indepen- dence Movement Militia SPLA/M-In Opposition: Sudanese Peoples Libera- tion Army/Movement-In Opposition SPLA/M: Sudanese Peoples Liberation Army/- Movement Suri Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Surma Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Tigray Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Turkana Ethnic Militia (Kenya) UN: United Nations Unidentified Armed Group (Eritrea) Unidentified Armed Group (Ethiopia) Unidentified Armed Group (Kenya) Unidentified Armed Group (Somalia) Unidentified Armed Group (South Sudan) Unidentified Armed Group (Sudan) Unidentified Communal Militia (Ethiopia) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Zeyle Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia)

2.28 Gabon

Government Challenger Civilian Other CLR: Circle of Liberal Re- Protesters (Gabon) Civilians (Gabon) ANR: National Resistance formers Army Military Forces of Gabon Rioters (Gabon) Civilians (Benin) Government of Chad (1967-2009) (1990-)

65 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Military Forces of Gabon Civilians (Cameroon) Lebamba Ethnic Militia (1967-2009) Gendarmerie (Gabon) Military Forces of Gabon Civilians (International) Pirates (Gabon) (2009-) Gendarmerie Military Forces of Gabon Protesters (Mali) (2009-) Republican Guard PDG: Gabonese Demo- Seleka Rebel Coalition cratic Party Police Forces of Gabon Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (1967-2009) (Gabon) Police Forces of Gabon (2009-)

2.29 Georgia

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Georgia GM: Georgian March Civilians (Georgia) (2018 - Government of Syria (2018-) (2019 - 2019) (2018 - 2019) Georgia 2019) Georgia (2000-) (2018 - 2018) Georgia Georgia Police Forces of Georgia Government of Abkhazia Civilians (International) Military Forces of Azerbai- (2015-2018) (2018 - 2018) (2014-) (2019 - 2019) Geor- (2018 - 2019) Georgia jan (2003-) (2019 - 2019) Georgia gia Georgia Police Forces of Georgia Government of South Os- Civilians (Russia) (2018 - Police Forces of Azerbai- (2018-) (2018 - 2019) Geor- setia (2017-) (2018 - 2019) 2018) Georgia jan (2003-) Border Service gia Georgia (2019 - 2019) Georgia Police Forces of Georgia Military Forces of Russia Civilians (Turkey) (2018 - Private Security Forces (2018-) State Security Ser- (2000-) (2018 - 2019) Geor- 2018) Georgia (Georgia) (2018 - 2018) vice (2018 - 2019) Georgia gia Georgia Military Forces of South Ossetia (2017-) (2018 - 2019) Georgia Police Forces of Abkhazia (2014-) (2018 - 2019) Geor- gia Police Forces of Russia (2000-) Border Service (2018 - 2018) Georgia Police Forces of South Os- setia (2017-) (2018 - 2019) Georgia Protesters (Azerbaijan) (2019 - 2019) Georgia Protesters (Georgia) (2018 - 2019) Georgia Protesters (India) (2019 - 2019) Georgia

66 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Protesters (International) (2018 - 2019) Georgia Protesters (Iran) (2018 - 2018) Georgia Protesters (Russia) (2019 - 2019) Georgia Rioters (Azerbaijan) (2019 - 2019) Georgia Rioters (Georgia) (2018 - 2019) Georgia Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Georgia) (2018 - 2019) Georgia

2.30 Ghana

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Ghana Mutiny of Military Forces Civilians (Ghana) Abudus Ethnic Militia (2009-) of Ghana (2001-2009) (Ghana) Military Forces of Ghana Protesters (Ghana) Civilians (Guinea) Afadi Ethnic Militia (2001-2009) (Ghana) Military Forces of Ghana Civilians (Ivory Coast) Akrashi Ethnic Militia (2009-) (Ghana) NDC: National Democratic Civilians (Liberia) Akuse Communal Militia Congress (Ghana) NPP: National Patriotic Civilians (Nigeria) Al Qaeda Party NPP: New Patriotic Party Alavanyo Ethnic Militia (Ghana) Police Forces of Ghana Andanis Ethnic Militia (1993-2001) (Ghana) Police Forces of Ghana Anlo Ethnic Militia (2001-2009) (Ghana) Police Forces of Ghana Armed Youth Group from (2009-) Odumasi Asafo Ethnic Militia (Ghana) Ashanti Ethnic Militia (Ghana) Atulbabisi Clan Militia (Ghana) Bassari Ethnic Militia (Ghana) Bimbilla Communal Mili- tia (Ghana)

67 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Bimoba Ethnic Militia (Ghana) Binyami Ethnic Militia (Ghana) Biyambo Ethnic Militia (Ghana) Dabon Chieftaincy Militia Dagomba Ethnic Militia (Ghana) Donungo Communal Mili- tia (Ghana) Ewe Ethnic Militia (Ghana) Fantse Ethnic Militia (Ghana) FNCI: New Forces of Ivory Coast Fulani Ethnic Militia (Ghana) Fulani Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ga Ethnic Militia (Ghana) Galamseyers Gbadagbam Ethnic Militia (Ghana) Jafok Clan Militia (Ghana) Jamond Clan Militia (Ghana) Japaak Ethnic Militia (Ghana) Jujudeiyiri Communal Militia (Ghana) Kato Communal Militia (Ghana) Konkomba Ethnic Militia (Ghana) Krachi Ethnic Militia (Ghana) Krobo Ethnic Militia (Ghana) Kusasis Ethnic Militia (Ghana) Mamprusis Ethnic Militia (Ghana)

68 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Militia (Pro-Laurent Gbagbo) Muslim Militia (Ghana) Nakpando Ethnic Militia (Ghana) Namologo Ethnic Militia (Ghana) Nima Boys Militia Nkonya Ethnic Militia (Ghana) Orthodox Muslim Militia (Ghana) Pierngua Ethnic Militia (Ghana) Pirates (Nigeria) Private Security Forces (Ghana) Protesters (Nigeria) Pulis Ethnic Militia (Ghana) Rioters (Ghana) Rioters (Liberia) Sokabisi Communal Militia (Ghana) Sunni Muslim Militia (Ghana) Tijanniya Ethnic Militia (Ghana) Tindongo Ethnic Militia (Ghana) Tiv Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Unidentified Armed Group (Ghana) Unidentified Armed Group (Nigeria) Unidentified Communal Militia (Ghana) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Ghana) Vigilante Militia (Ghana) Zamarama Ethnic Militia (Ghana)

69 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.31 Guinea

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Guinea CNDD: National Council Civilians (Guinea) AFRC: Armed Forces Rev- (2010-) for Democracy and Devel- olutionary Council (SAJ opment Faction) LURD: Liberians United Mutiny of Military Forces Civilians (International) Christian Militia (Guinea) for Reconciliation and of Guinea (1984-2008) Democracy Military Forces of Guinea Mutiny of Military Forces Civilians (Liberia) Donsos Militia-CDF Unit (1984-2008) of Guinea (2008-2010) (Sierra Leone) Military Forces of Guinea Protesters (Guinea) Civilians (Sierra Leone) ECOMOG: Economic (1984-2008) Presidential Community of West Security Unit African States Monitoring Group Military Forces of Guinea RFDG: Rally of Demo- FNCI: New Forces of Ivory (2008-2010) cratic Forces of Guinea Coast Military Forces of Guinea Rioters (Guinea) Fulani Ethnic Militia (2008-2010) Presidential (Guinea) Security Unit Military Forces of Guinea Government of Mali (2012- (2010-) 2013) Military Forces of Guinea Guerze Ethnic Militia (2010-) Presidential Secu- (Guinea) rity Unit NDP: National Develop- I-RUF: Revolutionary ment Party United Front (Superman Faction) Peoples Rally of Guinea Kamajor Militia Police Forces of Guinea Kignekoura Communal (1984-2008) Militia (Guinea) Police Forces of Guinea Kissien Ethnic Militia (2008-2010) (Guinea) Police Forces of Guinea Konianke Ethnic Militia (2008-2010) Presidential (Guinea) Security Unit Police Forces of Guinea Malinke Ethnic Militia (2010-) (Guinea) RPG: Rally for the Military Forces of Liberia Guinean People Party (1997-2003) UFDG: Union of Demo- Muslim Militia (Guinea) cratic Forces of Guinea UFR: Union of Republican Mutiny of FNCI: New Forces Forces of Ivory Coast (Ibrahim Coulibaly) NF: New Forces (Faction) Prison Guards (Guinea)

70 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Private Security Forces (Guinea) Rioters (Guinea-Bissau) RUF: Revolutionary United Front Sidikila Communal Militia (Guinea) Tomas Christian Militia (Guinea) Tomas Muslim Militia (Guinea) ULIMO-J: United Libera- tion Movement of Liberia for Democracy (Jonshon Faction) ULIMO-K: United Libera- tion Movement of Liberia for Democracy (Kromah Faction) ULIMO: United Liberation Movement of Liberia for Democracy UNAMSIL: United Na- tions Mission in Sierra Leone (1999-2005) Unidentified Armed Group (Guinea) Unidentified Armed Group (Liberia) Unidentified Armed Group (Mali) Unidentified Armed Group (Sierra Leone) Unidentified Communal Militia (Guinea) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Guinea) Vigilante Militia (Guinea)

2.32 Gambia

Government Challenger Civilian Other APRC: Alliance for Pa- MFDC: Movement of Civilians (Gambia) Foroolu Ethnic Militia triotic Re-orientation and Democratic Forces of (Gambia) Construction Casamance

71 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Gambia Mutiny of Military Forces Civilians (Ghana) Government of Senegal (1996-) of Gambia (1996-) (1981-2000) Government of Gambia Protesters (Gambia) Civilians (International) Jongolu Ethnic Militia (2016-) (Gambia) Military Forces of Gambia Rioters (Gambia) Civilians (Senegal) Military Forces of Senegal (1996-) (1981-2000) Military Forces of Gam- Military Forces of Senegal bia (1996-) National Intel- (2000-2012) ligence Agency Police Forces of Gambia Prison Guards (Gambia) (1996-) UDP: United Democratic Protesters (Mali) Party Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Gambia) Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Senegal)

2.33 Guinea-Bissau

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Guinea- Mutiny of Military Forces Civilians (Guinea-Bissau) Aguentas Militia Bissau (2003-2005) of Guinea-Bissau (1999- 2000) Government of Guinea- Mutiny of Military Forces Civilians (International) Balanta Ethnic Militia Bissau (2005-2009) of Guinea-Bissau (2000- (Guinea-Bissau) 2003) Government of Guinea- Mutiny of Military Forces Civilians (Nigeria) Madinka Ethnic Militia Bissau (2012-2014) of Guinea-Bissau (2003- (Guinea-Bissau) 2005) (Peacekeeper Fac- tion) Government of Guinea- Mutiny of Military Forces Civilians (Senegal) Military Forces of Angola Bissau (2014-) of Guinea-Bissau (2003- (1975-) 2005) (Yala Faction) MFDC: Movement of Mutiny of Military Forces Military Forces of Senegal Democratic Forces of of Guinea-Bissau (2005- (1981-2000) Casamance (Front Sud) 2009) (Na Tchute Faction) MFDC: Movement of Mutiny of Military Forces Militia (Ntchama) Democratic Forces of of Guinea-Bissau (2005- Casamance 2009) (Ntchami Yala Fac- tion) Military Forces of Guinea- Mutiny of Military Forces Protesters (Guinea) Bissau (1984-1999) of Guinea-Bissau (2009- 2012) Military Forces of Guinea- Protesters (Guinea-Bissau) Unidentiﬁed Armed Group Bissau (1999-2000) (Guinea-Bissau)

72 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Military Forces of Guinea- Rioters (Guinea-Bissau) UNIOGBIS: United Bissau (2000-2003) Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Oﬃce in Guinea-Bissau (2009-) Military Forces of Guinea- Bissau (2003-2003) Military Forces of Guinea- Bissau (2003-2005) Military Forces of Guinea- Bissau (2005-2009) Military Forces of Guinea- Bissau (2005-2009) Presi- dential Security Unit Military Forces of Guinea- Bissau (2009-2012) Military Forces of Guinea- Bissau (2012-2014) Police Forces of Guinea- Bissau (1984-1999) Police Forces of Guinea- Bissau (2000-2003) Police Forces of Guinea- Bissau (2003-2005) Police Forces of Guinea- Bissau (2005-2009) Police Forces of Guinea- Bissau (2009-2012) Police Forces of Guinea- Bissau (2012-2014) Police Forces of Guinea- Bissau (2014-)

2.34 Equatorial Guinea

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Equatorial Mutiny of Military Forces Civilians (Equatorial MEND: Movement for the Guinea (1979-) of Equatorial Guinea Guinea) Emancipation of the Niger (1979-) Delta Military Forces of Equato- Protesters (Equatorial Civilians (Mali) Unidentified Armed Group rial Guinea (1979-) Guinea) (Cameroon) Military Forces of Equato- Rioters (Equatorial Civilians (Nigeria) Unidentified Armed Group rial Guinea (1979-) Presi- Guinea) (Equatorial Guinea) dential Security Unit Police Forces of Equatorial Unidentified Armed Group Guinea (1979-) (Nigeria)

73 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.35 Greece

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Greece Arsonists of the Millenium Civilians (Afghanistan) Government of North (2015-2019) (2018 - 2019) (2019 - 2019) Greece (2019 - 2019) Greece Macedonia (2009-) (2018 - Greece 2018) Greece Government of Greece Conspiracy of Cells of Fire Civilians (Albania) (2018 - Government of Russia (2019-) (2019 - 2019) (2019 - 2019) Greece 2018) Greece (2000-) (2018 - 2018) Greece Greece KKE: Communist Party GANA: Revolutionary An- Civilians (Canada) (2018 - Government of Turkey of Greece (2018 - 2019) archist Armed Strugglers 2018) Greece (2016-) (2019 - 2019) Greece (2019 - 2019) Greece Greece Military Forces of Greece Krypteia (2018 - 2018) Civilians (Chile) (2019 - Military Forces of Turkey (2015-2019) (2018 - 2019) Greece 2019) Greece (2016-) (2018 - 2019) Greece Greece Military Forces of Greece Protesters (Afghanistan) Civilians (Greece) (2018 - Police Forces of Turkey (2019-) (2019 - 2019) (2019 - 2019) Greece 2019) Greece (2016-) Coast Guard (2019 Greece - 2019) Greece ND: New Democracy (2019 Protesters (Cyprus) (2018 - Civilians (Guinea) (2019 - Private Security Forces - 2019) Greece 2019) Greece 2019) Greece (Greece) (2019 - 2019) Greece Police Forces of Greece Protesters (Egypt) (2018 - Civilians (International) (2015-2019) (2018 - 2019) 2018) Greece (2018 - 2019) Greece Greece Police Forces of Greece Protesters (Greece) (2018 - Civilians (Iraq) (2019 - (2015-2019) Coast Guard 2019) Greece 2019) Greece (2019 - 2019) Greece Police Forces of Greece Protesters (International) Civilians (Morocco) (2018 - (2015-2019) Special Re- (2018 - 2019) Greece 2018) Greece sponse Unit for Disasters (2019 - 2019) Greece Police Forces of Greece Protesters (Iran) (2019 - Civilians (Pakistan) (2018 (2015-2019) Units for the 2019) Greece - 2019) Greece Reinstatement of Order (2018 - 2019) Greece Police Forces of Greece Protesters (Iraq) (2019 - Civilians (Palestine) (2019 (2019-) (2019 - 2019) 2019) Greece - 2019) Greece Greece Police Forces of Greece Protesters (Lebanon) Civilians (Russia) (2019 - (2019-) CT Unit (2019 - (2019 - 2019) Greece 2019) Greece 2019) Greece Police Forces of Greece Protesters (United King- Civilians (Syria) (2018 - (2019-) Units for the Rein- dom) (2019 - 2019) Greece 2019) Greece statement of Order (2019 - 2019) Greece SYRIZA: Coalition of the Revolutionary Self-Defence Civilians (Turkey) (2018 - Radical Left (2018 - 2018) (2019 - 2019) Greece 2019) Greece Greece

74 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Rioters (Afghanistan) Civilians (Ukraine) (2018 - (2018 - 2019) Greece 2018) Greece Rioters (Algeria) (2019 - Civilians (United States) 2019) Greece (2019 - 2019) Greece Rioters (Greece) (2018 - 2019) Greece Rioters (International) (2018 - 2019) Greece Rioters (Iran) (2019 - 2019) Greece Rioters (Iraq) (2018 - 2018) Greece Rioters (Pakistan) (2019 - 2019) Greece Rioters (Romania) (2019 - 2019) Greece Rioters (Syria) (2018 - 2018) Greece Rouvikonas (2018 - 2019) Greece Unidentified Armed Group (Afghanistan) (2019 - 2019) Greece Unidentified Armed Group (Albania) (2018 - 2018) Greece Unidentified Armed Group (Greece) (2018 - 2019) Greece Unidentified Armed Group (International) (2018 - 2019) Greece Unidentified Armed Group (Pakistan) (2018 - 2019) Greece Unidentified Armed Group (Turkey) (2018 - 2019) Greece XA: Golden Dawn (2018 - 2019) Greece

2.36 Croatia

75 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Croatia Protesters (Croatia) (2018 Civilians (Bosnia and (2016-) (2018 - 2018) - 2019) Croatia Herzegovina) (2018 - 2018) Croatia Croatia Police Forces of Croatia Rioters (Croatia) (2018 - Civilians (Croatia) (2018 - (2016-) (2018 - 2019) Croa- 2019) Croatia 2019) Croatia tia Unidentiﬁed Armed Group Civilians (France) (2019 - (Croatia) (2018 - 2019) 2019) Croatia Croatia Civilians (Germany) (2019 - 2019) Croatia Civilians (International) (2018 - 2019) Croatia Civilians (Montenegro) (2018 - 2018) Croatia Civilians (United States) (2019 - 2019) Croatia

2.37 Indonesia

Government Challenger Civilian Other Police Forces of Indonesia Islamic State (Indonesia) Civilians (Indonesia) Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (1950-) Detachment 88 (Indonesia) Police Forces of Indonesia Islamist Militia (Indonesia) (1950-) JAD: Jemaah Ansharut Daulah MIT: Mujahidin Indonesia Timur OPM: Free Papua Move- ment Protesters (Indonesia) Rioters (Indonesia) TPNPB: West Papua Na- tional Liberation Army

2.38 India

Government Challenger Civilian Other BJP: Bharatiya Janata Ahraula Communal Militia Civilians (Bangladesh) CorCom Party Militia CPI (Maoist): Communist Akalia Communal Militia Civilians (india) IS: Islamic State Party of India (Maoist)

76 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other CPI(M): Communist Party Akupur Communal Militia Civilians (India) KIO: Kuki Independent of India (Marxist) Militia Organization CPI(ML): Communist Alidar Communal Militia Civilians (International) LeI: Lashkar-e-Islam Party of India (Marxist- Leninist) Government of India AMEF: Achik Matgrik Civilians (Nigeria) LeT: Lashkar-e-Taiba Elite Force Indian National Congress ANLA: Achik National Civilians (Pakistan) LeT: Lashkar-e-Taiba Militia Liberation Army IPFT: Indigenous People’s ASAK: Achik Songna An- Military Forces of Myan- Front of Tripura Militia pachakgipa Kotok mar JJMP: Jharkhand Jan ASAK: Achik Songna An- Military Forces of Pakistan Mukti Parishad pachakgipa Kotok KCP (PML): Kangleipak Ashokenagar Communal Military Forces of Sri Communist Party - Poirei Militia Lanka Meitei Lup KCP: Kangleipak Commu- Ayodhya Communal Mili- PLA: People’s Liberation nist Party Militia tia Army Maoist Communist Party Bagha Purana Communal Police Forces of Pakistan of Manipur Militia Military Forces of India Baghmara Communal Protesters (China) Militia Police Forces of India Bahraich Communal Mili- Protesters (Pakistan) tia Private Security Forces Bahujan Samaj Militia Protesters (Russia) RSS: Rashtriya Swayamse- Bajrang Dal Protesters (Sri Lanka) vak Sangh RSS: Rashtriya Swayam- Bajrang Dal Protesters (Tibet) seyak Sangh Militia SAD: Shiromani Akali Dal Baloda Bazar Communal Rioters (Bangladesh) Militia Militia Samajwadi Party Militia Bamundongra Communal Rioters (Pakistan) Militia TMC: Trinamool Congress Bansa Communal Militia Unidentifid Armed Group Party Militia (India) Bareilly Communal Militia Unidentified Armed Group (India) Barelvi Communal Militia Unidentified Armed Group (India) Basirhat Communal Mili- Unidentified Armed Group tia (Pakistan) Bhadas Communal Militia Unidentified Armed Group (Sri Lanka) Bhinder Kalan Communal Unidentified Communal Militia Group (India)

77 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Bhooi Communal Militia Bhupal Khurd Communal Militia Brahmin Communal Mili- tia Buxar Communal Militia Chakar Communal Militia Charason Communal Mili- tia Chauri Chaura Communal Militia Chhawla Communal Mili- tia Chhota Brahampur Com- munal Militia Chulkana Communal Mili- tia Dabri Communal Militia Dalit Communal Militia Dara Communal Militia Darbar Communal Militia Daulatpura Niwan Com- munal Militia Deobandi Communal Mili- tia Dhayanpur Dera Commu- nal Militia DHD: Dima Halim Daogah Dhindawali Communal Militia DHNA: Dima Hasao Na- tional Army Dhogri Communal Militia Dhori Communal Militia Dimasa Communal Militia DMK: Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Militia Dukhtaran-e-Millat Ekla Rasoolpur Communal Militia Faridkot Communal Mili- tia Gagarpur Communal Mili- tia

78 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Gau Raksha Dal Gau Raksha Samiti Gau Rakshak Gauripur Communal Mili- tia Gharaunti Communal Militia GNLA: Garo National Lib- eration Army Gomti Nagar Communal Militia Gorakhpur Communal Militia Gugaliyana Communal Militia Halisahar Communal Mili- tia Hariharpara Communal Militia Hazaribag Communal Mili- tia Hazinagar Communal Mili- tia Himmatnagar Communal Militia HJM: Hindu Jagaran Manch Militia HM: Hizb-ul-Mujahideen HPC-D: Hmar People’s Convention-Democracy Ireng Communal Militia Jalandhar Communal Mili- tia Jaloor Communal Militia Jasoori Communal Milita Jats Communal Militia JeM: Jaish-e-Mohammad Jharkhand Adivasi Sang- harsh Morcha Militia Jharkhand Jan Mukti Parishad Jharkhand Prastuti Com- mittee Jharkhand Sangharsh Jan Mukti Morcha

79 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other JJMP: Jharkhand Jansangharsh Mukti Morcha JNB: Jadi Naiso Bojam JPC: Jharkhand Prastuti Committee Kakdoli Sardara Commu- nal Militia Kaliganj Communal Mili- tia Kamlapur Communal Mili- tia Kanawani Communal Mili- tia Kanpur Communal Militia Kanwar Communal Militia Karmoni Communal Mili- tia Kashipur Communal Mili- tia Khabung Karong Commu- nal Militia KLO: Kamtapur Libera- tion Organization KNF(N): Kuki National Front (Nehlun) KNLF: Kuki National Lib- eration Front KNO: Kuki National Or- ganisation Kotwali Communal Militia KPLT: Karbi People’s Lib- eration Tiger KPLT: Karbi People Liber- ation Tigers KRA: Kuki Revolutionary Army KRA: Kuki Revolutionary Army KRF: Kuki Revolutionary Front Krishna Nagar Communal Militia KUFO: Kuki Uniﬁcation Frontal Organisation

80 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Kurawali Communal Mili- tia Kurmawa Communal Mili- tia Lambung Communal Mili- tia Madhyamgram Communal Militia Magharpura Communal Militia Mallan Communal Militia Malsian Communal Militia Manserpur Communal Militia Mantri Pantha Communal Militia Maram Khunou Commu- nal Militia Maratha Communal Mili- tia Meghwal Communal Mili- tia Memadpur Communal Militia MNPF: Manipur Naga People’s Front MNPF: Manipur Naga Peoples’ Front MNRF: Manipur Naga Revolutionary Front Moodabidri Communal Militia Moran Tiger Force Mota Karja Communal Militia Moti Pokhra Communal Militia Murhu Communal Militia Naga Communal Militia Naihati Communal Militia Nainital Communal Militia Nalanda Communal Mili- tia Nandlapur Communal Militia

81 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Naraini Communal Militia Nathwal Communal Mili- tia NDFB-S: National Demo- cratic Front of Bodoland - Songbijit NDFB-S: National Demo- cratic Front of Bodoland - Songbijit Nerkattumseval Commu- nal Militia New Keithelmanbi Com- munal Militia NSCN-IM: National Socialist Council of Nagaland-Isak-Muivah NSCN-K: National Social- ist Council of Nagaland- Khaplang NSCN-KK: National Socialist Council of Nagaland-Khole-Kitovi NSCN-U: National Social- ist Council of Nagaland- Uniﬁcation NSLA: National Santhal Liberation Army Nungei Communal Militia Pakhi Kalan Communal Militia Pakhoke Communal Mili- tia Pandaria Communal Mili- tia Parch Communal Militia Patan Communal Militia Patiala Communal Militia Peda Communal Militia People’s Liberation Army of Manipur PLFI: People’s Liberation Front of India PLGA: People’s Liberation Guerrilla Army PREPAK: Peoples Revolu- tionary Party of Kanleipak

82 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Protesters (India) Raidighi Communal Mili- tia Rajam Communal Militia Rajput Communal Militia Rampur Communal Militia Ranchi Communal Militia Randar Communal Militia Rapar Communal Militia Rasoolabad Communal Militia Raxaul Communal Militia Reang Communal Militia Reshma Communal Militia Rioters (India) RPF: Revolutionary Peo- ple’s Front Militia Saaliyar Communal Militia Sabbalpura Communal Militia Sangtam Communal Mili- tia SBSS: Swadheen Bharat Subhash Sena Militia Shah-e-Alam Communal Militia Shahjadpur Communal Militia Shahpur Communal Mili- tia Shamshabad Communal Militia Sikh Communal Militia (India) Sikh Communal Militia Singda Kuki Communal Militia Sohana Communal Militia Sultanpur Lodhi Commu- nal Militia Sultanpura Communal Militia Sunngadi Communal Mili- tia

83 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Tarsikka Communal Mili- tia The Base Movement TLA: Tiwa Liberation Army Tofapur Communal Militia TPC: Tritiya Prastuti Committee UALA: United A’chik Lib- eration Army UANF: United Achik Na- tional Front UDLA: United Democratic Liberation Army Ugala Communal Militia ULFA-I: United Liberation Front of Assam (Indepen- dent) ULFA: United Liberation Front of Assam Unidentiﬁed Communal Militia United Naga Council Mili- tia UNLF: United National Liberation Front UNLFW: United Liber- ation Front of Western South East Asia Upper Caste Communal Militia Upper Caste Hindu Com- munal Militia URF: United Revolution- ary Front UTLA: United Tribal Lib- eration Army Vadodara Communal Mili- tia Virk Kalan Communal Militia Wed Communal Militia Yadav Communal Militia ZUF: Zeliangrong United Front

84 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.39 Iran

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Iran (1989- Ansar al Furqan Civilians (Iran) Military Forces of Iraq ) (1979-2003) Military Forces of Iran Islamic State (Iran) Civilians (Saudi Arabia) Mohammadi Tribal Militia (1989-) (Iran) Military Forces of Iran Jeish al Adl Mousayi Tribal Militia (1989-) Islamic Revolution (Iran) Guard Corps Police Forces of Iran (1989- MKO: People’s Mujahedin Shahlibar Tribal Militia ) Organisation of Iran (Iran) Mohiuddin al Nasser Mar- Sufi Muslim Militia (Iran) tyrs Brigades Gonabadi Dervish Sect PJAK: Kurdistan Free Life Unidentified Armed Group Party (Iran) Protesters (Iran) Unidentified Tribal Militia (Iran) Rioters (Iran) Zagros Eagles

2.40 Iraq

Government Challenger Civilian Other Anbar Awakening Asaib Ahl al-Haq Civilians (Iran) Al-Hadamah Communal Militia (Iraq) Global Coalition Against Hezbollah Movement in Civilians (Iraq) Al-Karamasha Communal Daesh Iraq Militia (Iraq) Government of Iraq (2014-) Islamic State (Iraq) Al-Shaﬁ Communal Militia (Iraq) Iraqi and/or Coalition Islamic State (Syria) Al-Taleea Communal Mili- Forces tia (Iraq) Military Forces of Iraq Protesters (Iraq) Al Zujayri Communal Mili- (1979-2003) tia (Iraq) Military Forces of Iraq Rioters (Iraq) Aski Musil Communal (2014-) Counter-Terrorism Militia (Iraq) Service Military Forces of Iraq Sunni Liberation Army Basra Communal Militia (2014-) (Iraq) Military Forces of Iraq Batut Communal Militia (2014-) Peshmerga (Iraq) Military Forces of Iraq Beit Roweimi Communal (2014-) Popular Mobiliza- Militia (Iraq) tion Forces Military Forces of United Bob al-Sham Communal States Militia (Iraq)

85 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Police Forces of Iraq (2014- Chamchamal Communal ) Asayish Militia (Iraq) Police Forces of Iraq (2014- Farhatiya Communal Mili- ) tia (Iraq) Police Forces of Iraq (2014- Gunazhor Communal Mili- ) Rapid Reaction Force tia (Iraq) TMF: Tribal Mobilization Hamdana Communal Mili- Forces tia (Iraq) Haritha Communal Militia (Iraq) Haweeja Communal Militia (Iraq) Hazmiyoon Iraqi Turkmen Front Kataib Hizbullah KDP-S: Kurdistan Demo- cratic Party-Syria Kirkuk Communal Militia (Iraq) Kurdish Ethnic Militia (Iraq) Majdiyah Communal Mili- tia (Iraq) Mashan Communal Militia (Iraq) Military Forces of Iran (1989-) Military Forces of Iran (1989-) Islamic Revolution Guard Corps Military Forces of Turkey (2016-) Nahrawan Communal Mili- tia (Iraq) North Tikrit Communal Militia (Iraq) Orfeli Communal Militia (Iraq) PDKI: Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan PKK: Kurdistan Workers Party Private Security Forces (Iraq)

86 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Qalkhalu Communal Mili- tia (Iraq) Qaryat ash Shariah Com- munal Militia (Iraq) Qurna Communal Militia (Iraq) Sadrist Movement Sharqat Communal Militia (Iraq) Shaykh Tahar Rashid Communal Militia (Iraq) Shiite Muslim Militia (Iraq) Sunni Muslim Militia (Iraq) Suq Communal Militia (Iraq) Tall Banat Arab Commu- nal Militia (Iraq) Tall Banat Yazidi Commu- nal Militia (Iraq) Unidentified Armed Group (Iran) Unidentified Armed Group (Iraq) Unidentified Communal Militia (Iraq) White Flags YBS: Sinjar Resistance Units YPG: Peoples Protection Units

2.41 Israel

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Israel Ahfad al Sahaba Civilians (Israel) Military Forces of Syria (2009-) (2000-) Military Forces of Israel Al Aqsa Martyrs Brigade Civilians (Palestine) Settlers (Israel) (2009-) Police Forces of Israel Al Nasser Salah al Deen Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (2009-) Brigades (Egypt) Prison Guards (Israel) Islamic Movement in Israel Unidentiﬁed Armed Group - Northern Branch (Israel)

87 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other PIJ: Palestinian Islamic Ji- Unidentiﬁed Armed Group had (Palestine) Protesters (International) Protesters (Israel) Protesters (Lebanon) Protesters (Palestine) Rioters (Israel) Rioters (Palestine)

2.42 Jordan

Government Challenger Civilian Other Military Forces of Jordan Islamic State (Jordan) Civilians (Jordan) Athamneh Tribal Militia (1999-) (Jordan) Police Forces of Jordan Protesters (Jordan) Civilians (Syria) Foreign Military Forces (1999-) Protesters (Palestine) Military Forces of Israel (2009-) Rioters (Jordan) Military Forces of Syria (2000-) Private Security Forces (Is- rael) Sheyyab Tribal Militia (Jordan) Unidentified Armed Group (Jordan) Unidentified Armed Group (Syria) Unidentified Military Forces

2.43 Kazakhstan

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Kazakhstan DVK: Democratic Choice Civilians (China) (2019 - Akshukur Communal Mili- (1990-2019) (2018 - 2018) of Kazakhstan (2018 - 2019) Kazakhstan tia (Kazakhstan) (2018 - Kazakhstan 2018) Kazakhstan 2018) Kazakhstan Government of Kazakhstan Protesters (International) Civilians (International) Government of Turk- (2019-) (2019 - 2019) Kaza- (2019 - 2019) Kazakhstan (2018 - 2018) Kazakhstan menistan (2006-) (2018 - khstan 2018) Kazakhstan Military Forces of Kaza- Protesters (Kazakhstan) Civilians (Kazakhstan) Police Forces of Russia khstan (2019-) (2019 - (2018 - 2019) Kazakhstan (2018 - 2019) Kazakhstan (2000-) (2019 - 2019) Kaza- 2019) Kazakhstan khstan

88 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Police Forces of Kaza- Rioters (International) Civilians (Kyrgyzstan) Private Security Forces khstan (1990-2019) (2018 - (2019 - 2019) Kazakhstan (2018 - 2018) Kazakhstan (Kazakhstan) (2018 - 2019) Kazakhstan 2019) Kazakhstan Police Forces of Kaza- Rioters (Kazakhstan) Civilians (Tajikistan) khstan (1990-2019) Border (2018 - 2019) Kazakhstan (2019 - 2019) Kazakhstan Service (2018 - 2018) Kaza- khstan Police Forces of Kaza- Rioters (Lebanon) (2019 - Civilians (Uzbekistan) khstan (1990-2019) 2019) Kazakhstan (2018 - 2019) Kazakhstan National Security Com- mittee (2019 - 2019) Kazakhstan Police Forces of Kaza- Rioters (Uzbekistan) (2019 khstan (1990-2019) Prison - 2019) Kazakhstan Guards (2018 - 2019) Kaza- khstan Police Forces of Kaza- Unidentiﬁed Armed Group khstan (2019-) (2019 - (Kazakhstan) (2018 - 2019) 2019) Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Police Forces of Kaza- Yakyn Inkar (2018 - 2018) khstan (2019-) National Kazakhstan Security Committee (2019 - 2019) Kazakhstan Police Forces of Kaza- khstan (2019-) Prison Guards (2019 - 2019) Kazakhstan

2.44 Kenya

Government Challenger Civilian Other Amani Coalition Al Shabaab Civilians (Kenya) ”Taliban” Militia CORD: Coalition for Re- Militia (Nairobi Youth) Civilians (Ethiopia) Abairege Ethnic Militia forms and Democracy (Kenya) Embakasi Party Moorland Forces Militia Civilians (International) Abanyabasi Ethnic Militia (Kenya) (Kenya) FORD-Kenya: Forum MRC: Mombasa Republi- Civilians (Rwanda) Abduwak Ethnic Militia for the Restoration of can Council (Kenya) Democracy-Kenya Government of Kenya Nyuki Movement Civilians (Somalia) Adol Clan Dinka Ethnic (2013-) Militia (South Sudan) Jubilee Coalition SLDF: Sabaot Land De- Civilians (Sudan) Agoro Communal Militia fence Force (Kenya) KADDU: Kenya African Sungu Sungu Civilians (Uganda) Ajuran Ethnic Militia Democratic Development (Kenya) Union

89 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other KANU: Kenya African Na- Akorino Sect Militia tional Union (Kenya) LDP: Liberal Democratic Al Hijra Muslim Youth Party Centre Militia Military Forces of Kenya Al Qaeda (1978-2002) Military Forces of Kenya Amarkoke Ethnic Militia (1978-2002) General Ser- (Kenya) vice Unit Military Forces of Kenya Army of Palestine Militia (2002-2013) Military Forces of Kenya Auliyan Clan Militia (So- (2002-2013) General Ser- malia) vice Unit Military Forces of Kenya Auliyan Ethnic Militia (2002-2013) Presidential (Kenya) Security Unit Military Forces of Kenya Awlyahan Ethnic Militia (2013-) (Kenya) Militia (Pro-Government) Bagisu Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Muyeye Movement Bana Ethnic Militia (So- malia) NARC: National Rainbow Banana Political Militia Coalition National Labour Party Borana Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) NDP: National Develop- Borana Ethnic Militia ment Party (Kenya) ODM: Orange Democratic Buirege Ethnic Militia Movement (Kenya) Party of National Unity Bukusu Ethnic Militia (Kenya) PDP: Peoples Democratic Burji Ethnic Militia Party (Kenya) PNU: Party of National Christian Militia (Kenya) Unity Police Forces of Kenya Chwele Ethnic Militia (1978-2002) (Kenya) Police Forces of Kenya COTU: Central Organisa- (2002-2013) tion of Trade Unions Police Forces of Kenya Dassanach Ethnic Militia (2013-) (Ethiopia) Saﬁna Political Party Degodia Ethnic Militia (Kenya)

90 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other SDP: Social Democratic Didinga Ethnic Militia Party (Sudan) TNA: The National Al- Dinka Ethnic Militia (Su- liance dan) UDF: United Democratic Dodoth Ethnic Militia Forum (Uganda) Government of Kenya Dongiro Ethnic Militia (2002-2013) (Sudan) FNL: National Forces of Liberation Fulani Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Gabra Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Galwina Ethnic Militia (Somalia) Garba Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Garjel Communal Militia (Kenya) Garre Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Garre Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Garre Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Giriama Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Government of Somalia (2012-) Government of Sudan (1989-) Gucha Herdsman Militia (Kenya) HI: Hizbul Islam Home Guards Igembe Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Imenti Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Isiolo Communal Militia (Kenya) Islamic State (Kenya) Islamist Militia (Kenya) Jibril Clan Militia (Kenya)

91 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Jie Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Jimo Communal Militia (Kenya) Kabasiran Clan Militia (Kenya) Kachepkosir Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Kakamega Communal Militia (Kenya) Kakdhimu Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Kalenjin Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Kapedo Communal Militia (Kenya) Kapkeny Clan Militia (Kenya) Karamajong Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Katemke Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Kauma-Koyugi Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Kiambu Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Kikuyu Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Kipsigi Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Kirinyaga Communal Mili- tia (Kenya) Kisii Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Kongowea Village Militia (Kenya) Kuria Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Laikipia Communal Militia (Kenya) Liyu Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Lou Nuer Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) LRA: Lords Resistance Army

92 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Luhya Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Luo Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Maasai Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Mambilla Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Marakwet Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Marehan Clan Militia (So- malia) Marhani Clan Militia (So- malia) Matan Clan Militia (Kenya) Matheniko Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Mau Mau War Veterans Merrile Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Merrile Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Merrile Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Meru Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Mijikenda Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Military Forces of Burundi (1996-2005) Military Forces of Ethiopia (1991-) Military Forces of Republic of Congo (1997-) Military Forces of Sudan (1989-) Military Forces of Uganda (1986-) Militia (Students) Molo Communal Militia (Kenya) Moran Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Muloti Ethnic Militia (Kenya)

93 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Mumias Outgrowers Com- pany Militia Mungiki Militia Murle Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Murle Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Muslim Militia (Kenya) Nandi Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Ndorobo Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Njemp Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Nuba Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Nuer Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Nyabasi Ethnic Militia (Kenya) OLF: Oromo Liberation Front OLF: Oromo Liberation Front (Splinter Faction) Ololunga Ethnic Militia (Kenya) ONLA: Ogaden National Liberation Army Orma Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Pirates (Kenya) Pirates (Somalia) Pirates (Tanzania) Pokomo Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Pokot Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Pokot Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Police Forces of Ethiopia (1991-) Police Forces of Tanzania (1964-) Police Forces of Uganda (1986-)

94 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other PRA: Peoples Redemption Army Prison Guards (Kenya) Private Security Forces (Kenya) Protesters (Ethiopia) Protesters (International) Protesters (Kenya) Protesters (Nigeria) Protesters (Somalia) Protesters (Sudan) Protesters (Tanzania) Rioters (Kenya) Rioters (Sudan) Rioters (Uganda) Sabaot Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Sabeny Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Samburu Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Sebei Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Soi Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Somali Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Somali Ethnic Militia (So- malia) Sonjo Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Sonjo Ethnic Militia (Tan- zania) SPLA/M-Bahr al Ghazal: Sudanese Peoples Liber- ation Army/Movement (Bahr al Ghazal Faction) SPLA/M-Garang: Su- danese Peoples Liberation Army (Garang Faction) SPLA/M-Kerubino: Su- danese Peoples Liberation Army (Kerubino Faction) SPLA/M: Sudanese Peoples Liberation Army/- Movement

95 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other SPM: Somali Patriotic Movement Tabaqa Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Tebesonik Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Tharaka Ethnic Militia (Kenya) The Government of Uni- versal Palestine in Exile Tigania Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Tigray Peoples Revolution- ary Liberation Front Toposa Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Toposa Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Toposa Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) TPLF: Tigray Peoples Lib- eration Front Trans Mara Communal Militia (Kenya) Tugen Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Turkana Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Turkana Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Uganda Peoples Freedom Movement Unidentified Armed Group (Ethiopia) Unidentified Armed Group (International) Unidentified Armed Group (Kenya) Unidentified Armed Group (Rwanda) Unidentified Armed Group (Somalia) Unidentified Armed Group (South Sudan) Unidentified Armed Group (Sudan)

96 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unidentified Armed Group (Tanzania) Unidentified Armed Group (Uganda) Unidentified Clan Militia (Somalia) Unidentified Communal Militia (Ethiopia) Unidentified Communal Militia (Kenya) Unidentified Communal Militia (Somalia) Unidentified Communal Militia (Uganda) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Somalia) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Vigilante Militia (Kenya) Vigilante Militia (South Africa) Vigilante Militia (Sudan) Walenchoka-Kurya Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Wanchari-Kurya Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Wardei Ethnic Militia (Kenya)

2.45 Kyrgyzstan

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Kyrgyzstan Atambayev Militia (2019 - Civilians (Kazakhstan) Government of Russia (2017-) (2018 - 2019) Kyr- 2019) Kyrgyzstan (2018 - 2018) Kyrgyzstan (2000-) (2019 - 2019) gyzstan Kyrgyzstan Military Forces of Kyrgyzs- Hizb ut-Tahrir (2018 - Civilians (Kyrgyzstan) Government of Uzbekistan tan (2017-) (2018 - 2019) 2019) Kyrgyzstan (2018 - 2019) Kyrgyzstan (2016-) (2019 - 2019) Kyr- Kyrgyzstan gyzstan

97 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Police Forces of Kyrgyzs- Protesters (Kazakhstan) Civilians (Pakistan) (2018 Military Forces of Tajik- tan (2017-) (2018 - 2019) (2019 - 2019) Kyrgyzstan - 2018) Kyrgyzstan istan (1994-) Border Ser- Kyrgyzstan vice (2018 - 2019) Kyrgyzs- tan Police Forces of Kyrgyzs- Protesters (Kyrgyzstan) Civilians (Tajikistan) Private Security Forces tan (2017-) Kyrgyz Fron- (2018 - 2019) Kyrgyzstan (2019 - 2019) Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyzstan) (2019 - 2019) tier Force (2018 - 2019) Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan Police Forces of Kyrgyzs- Rioters (China) (2019 - Civilians (Uzbekistan) tan (2017-) State Commit- 2019) Kyrgyzstan (2019 - 2019) Kyrgyzstan tee for National Security (2018 - 2019) Kyrgyzstan Rioters (Kyrgyzstan) (2018 - 2019) Kyrgyzstan Rioters (Tajikistan) (2018 - 2019) Kyrgyzstan Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Kyrgyzstan) (2018 - 2019) Kyrgyzstan Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Tajikistan) (2019 - 2019) Kyrgyzstan

2.46 Cambodia

Government Challenger Civilian Other Military Forces of Cambo- Protesters (Cambodia) Civilians (Cambodia) Military Forces of Vietnam dia Police Forces of Cambodia Rioters (Cambodia) Police Forces of Vietnam Tbong Khmum Communal Militia Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Cambodia) Unidentiﬁed Communal Militia (China)

2.47 Kuwait

Government Challenger Civilian Other Democratic Party Protesters (International) (Kuwait) Protesters (Kuwait)

98 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.48 Laos

Government Challenger Civilian Other Military Forces of Laos Protesters (Laos) Civilians (China) Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Laos) Police Forces of Laos Civilians (Laos)

2.49 Lebanon

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Lebanon Asbat al Ansar Civilians (Lebanon) Al Hourani Tribal Militia (2016-) (Lebanon) Military Forces of Lebanon Fateh al Sham Front Civilians (Palestine) Al Qaﬀas Clan Militia (2016-) (Palestine) Police Forces of Lebanon HTS: Hayat Tahrir al Civilians (Saudi Arabia) Al Shaabi Clan Militia (2016-) Sham (Palestine) Prison Guards (Lebanon) Islamic State (Lebanon) Civilians (Syria) Al Siddiq Clan Militia (Lebanon) Islamist Militia (Lebanon) Bahshik Clan Militia (Lebanon) Jund al Sham Fatah Movement Protesters (International) Hamas Movement Protesters (Iraq) Hezbollah Protesters (Lebanon) Jaafar Clan Militia (Lebanon) Protesters (Palestine) Military Forces of Israel (2009-) Rioters (Lebanon) Military Forces of Syria (2000-) Rioters (Palestine) Militia (Abu Mohammed Badran) Rioters (Syria) Militia (Bilal Akar) Saraya Ahl al Sham Militia (Bilal Arqoub) Militia (Bilal Badr) Militia (Haitham Shaabi) Militia (Mohammad Jamal Hamad) Militia (Refugees/IDPs) Palestinian Joint Security Force Shahadeh Clan Militia (Lebanon) Shouman Clan Militia (Lebanon)

99 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Shtaiweh Clan Militia (Lebanon) Unidentified Armed Group (Lebanon) Unidentified Armed Group (Palestine) Unidentified Armed Group (Syria) Unidentified Clan Militia (Syria) UNIFIL: United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (1978-) Wehbi Clan Militia (Lebanon)

2.50 Liberia

Government Challenger Civilian Other ALP: All Liberian Party JFLL: Joint Forces for the Civilians (Liberia) Christian Militia (Liberia) Liberation of Liberia CDC: Congress for Demo- LURD: Liberians United Civilians (Guinea) ECOMOG: Economic cratic Change for Reconciliation and Community of West Democracy African States Monitoring Group Government of Liberia MODEL: Movement for Civilians (International) Former Military Forces of (1997-2003) Democracy in Liberia Liberia (1997-2003) Government of Liberia NPFL: National Patriotic Civilians (Sierra Leone) Former Military Forces of (2006-) Front Liberia Liberia (2006-) Liberty Party ULIMO-J: United Libera- Civilians (South Africa) Former MODEL: Move- tion Movement of Liberia ment for Democracy in for Democracy (Jonshon Liberia Faction) Military Forces of Liberia ULIMO-K: United Libera- Friends of PYJ Militia (1989-1997) tion Movement of Liberia for Democracy (Kromah Faction) Military Forces of Liberia Gio and Mano Ethnic Mili- (1997-2003) tia (Liberia) Military Forces of Liberia Kamajor Militia (CDF (2003-2006) Unit) Military Forces of Liberia Kamajor Militia (2006-) Military Forces of Liberia Kpelle Ethnic Militia (2006-) Presidential Guard (Liberia)

100 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Military Forces of Liberia Lorma Ethnic Militia (2006-) Presidential Secu- (Liberia) rity Unit Police Forces of Liberia Mandingo Ethnic Militia (1989-1997) (Liberia) Police Forces of Liberia Military Forces of Guinea (1997-2003) (1984-2008) Police Forces of Liberia Military Forces of Ivory (2003-2006) Coast (1999-2000) Police Forces of Liberia Military Forces of Ivory (2006-) Coast (2000-2011) RUF: Revolutionary Military Forces of Ivory United Front Coast (2011-) UP: Unity Party Military Forces of Pakistan Military Forces of Sierra Leone (1996-1997) Military Forces of Sierra Leone (1997-1998) Military Forces of Sierra Leone (1998-2007) Militia (Pro-Laurent Gbagbo) Militia (Robert Guei) Muslim Militia (Liberia) Poro Sect Militia (Liberia) Private Security Forces (Ivory Coast) Private Security Forces (Liberia) Protesters (Liberia) Rioters (Liberia) Rioters (Nigeria) Sahnquoi Communal Mili- tia (Liberia) Sande Sect Militia (Liberia) Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Ivory Coast) Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Liberia) UNMIL: United Nations Mission in Liberia (2003-) Vigilante Militia (Liberia)

101 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.51 Libya

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Libya 101 Battalion (Tajoura) Civilians (Chad) Ajdabiya Border Division (1969-2011) Government of Libya Abu Ghilan Brigade Civilians (Egypt) Ajilat Communal Militia (2011-2012) (Libya) Government of Libya Abu Obeida Brigade Civilians (Eritrea) Al-Awfea Ethnic Militia (2012-2014) (Libya) Government of Libya Abu Raawi Brigade Civilians (Ethiopia) Al-Barasa Ethnic Militia (2014-) General National (Libya) Congress Government of Libya Abu Salim Brigade Civilians (Gambia) Al-Qantrar Ethnic Militia (2016-) Government of (Libya) National Accord Military Forces of Libya Abu Salim Martyrs Civilians (International) Al-Raqaiat Ethnic Militia (1969-2011) Brigade (Libya) Military Forces of Libya Ahmad Al-Sharif Battalion Civilians (Libya) Al-Shourafa Ethnic Militia (1969-2011) Special Forces (Libya) Military Forces of Libya Ajdabiya Martyrs Brigade Civilians (Morocco) Al Hasawna Ethnic Militia (2011-2012) (Libya) Military Forces of Libya Al-Buni Brigade Civilians (Niger) Al Qaeda (2012-2014) Military Forces of Libya Al-Burayqah Martyrs Civilians (Nigeria) AQIM: Al Qaeda in the Is- (2012-2014) Border Guards Brigade lamic Maghreb Military Forces of Libya Al-Fateh Al-Jaded Party Civilians (Sierra Leone) Arab Ethnic Militia (2012-2014) Special Forces (Libya) Military Forces of Libya Al-Kanni Brigade Civilians (Somalia) Assabie Communal Militia (2014-) Border Guards (Libya) Military Forces of Libya Al-Keba Brigade Civilians (South Sudan) Awlad Garbou Ethnic (2014-) Haftar Faction - Militia (Libya) Saiqa Forces Military Forces of Libya Al Farouq Brigade Civilians (Sudan) Awlad Suleiman Ethnic (2014-) Haftar Faction Militia (Libya) Military Forces of Libya Al Qaqa Brigade Civilians (Tunisia) Bedouin Ethnic Militia (2016-) Government of Na- (Libya) tional Accord Military Forces of Libya Ali Hassan Al-Jabar Ben Nayal Ethnic Militia (2016-) Presidential Guard Brigade (Libya) Militia (Pro-Government) Ansar al-Sharia Benghazi Communal Mili- tia (Libya) Muslim Brotherhood Artillery and Missles Berber Ethnic Militia Brigade (Libya) National Mobile Force Bab al-Tajoura Brigade Berber Tabu Ethnic Militia (Libya) (Libya) Police Forces of Libya Bashir Sadawi Brigade Bin Sulaiman Ethnic Mili- (1969-2011) tia (Libya)

102 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Police Forces of Libya Brega Martyrs Brigade El-Mashashia Ethnic Mili- (2011-2012) tia (Libya) Police Forces of Libya Brigades for the Defence of Firjan Ethnic Militia (2012-2014) Benghazi (Libya) Police Forces of Libya BRSC: Shura Council of Former Military Forces of (2014-2016) Benghazi Revolutionaries Libya (1969-2011) Police Forces of Libya CCA: Counter Crime Furqan Brigade (2016-) Agency Police Forces of Libya El-Farouk Brigade Garamna Ethnic Militia (2016-) Criminal Investiga- (Libya) tions Department Special Deterrence Forces El-Marsa Brigade Gharyan Communal Mili- tia (Libya) SSC: Supreme Security February 17 Martyrs Gontrar Ethnic Militia Committee Brigade (Libya) Tawhid al-Salaﬁya February 17 Movement Government of Democratic Republic of Congo (1997- 2001) UNSMIL: United Nations Fighters of The Martyrs Government of Sudan Support Mission in Libya Brigade (1989-) (2011-) Free Libya Martyrs Government of Tunisia Brigade (2011-2014) Ihsan Brigade Government of Uganda (1986-) Islamic Emirate of Barqa Government of United Arab Emirates Islamic State (Cyrenaica Henish Clan Militia Province) (Libya) Islamic State (Fezzan ICRC: International Com- Province) mittee of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Islamic State (Tripoli) Islamist Militia (Algeria) Islamist Militia (Libya) Jadu Communal Group (Libya) Janzur Knights Brigade Janzur Communal Militia (Libya) Jibreel Abaya Militia JEM: Justice and Equality Movement Khadrawi Clan Militia Kiklah Communal Group (Libya) (Libya) Libya Misratan Mu- Kiklah Communal Militia jahideen (Libya) Libya Shield Brigade Military Forces of Canada Libyan Rebel Forces Military Forces of Egypt (2014-)

103 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other LROR: Libya Revolution- Military Forces of France aries Operations Room Margahni Clan Militia Military Forces of Italy (Libya) Martyrs Brigade Military Forces of Nether- lands Militia (Anti-Government) Military Forces of Sudan (1989-) Militia (Ibrahim Jadran) Military Forces of the United Kingdom Misrata Martyrs Brigade Military Forces of the United States Nahaj Clan Militia (Libya) Military Forces of Tunisia (2011-2014) National Guard Nawasi Brigade Military Forces of Turkey NLA: National Liberation Military Forces of United Army Kingdom Nusur al-Sahel Brigade Military Forces of United States Omar Mukhtar Brigade Misratah Communal Group (Libya) Protesters (Libya) Misratah Communal Mili- tia (Libya) Rafallah Sehati Brigade Msallata Communal Mili- tia (Libya) Revolutionist Council Mili- Najaa Ethnic Militia tia (Libya) Rioters (Libya) Nalut Communal Group (Libya) Sahawat Forces Obeidat Ethnic Militia (Libya) Shield Militia Police Forces of Tunisia (2011-2014) Shura Council of Darnah Prison Guards (Libya) Mujahidin Shura Council of the Mu- Private Security Forces jahideen Surman (Italy) Sixth Security Brigade Private Security Forces (Libya) Subol Al-Salam Brigade Private Security Forces (Sudan) Tiger Militia Protesters (Egypt) Tripoli Revolutionaries Protesters (Ethiopia) Brigade (First Division)

104 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Tripoli Revolutionaries Qadhadhfa Ethnic Militia Brigade (Libya) Truth Martyrs Rajiban Communal Group (Libya) Uqba ibn Naﬁ Militia Rioters (Chad) Vigilante Militia (Libya) Rioters (Egypt) Zawiya Martyrs Brigade Rioters (Ethiopia) Zintan Martyrs Brigade Rioters (International) Sabha Communal Militia (Libya) Sabratha Communal Group (Libya) Sabratha Communal Mili- tia (Libya) Seaan Ethnic Militia (Libya) Shaafyin Ethnic Militia (Libya) SLM/A-Minnawi: Sudan Liberation Movemen- t/Army (Minnawi Faction) Surman Communal Group (Libya) Surman Communal Militia (Libya) Tabu Ethnic Group (Libya) Tabu Ethnic Militia (Libya) Tajoura Communal Militia (Libya) Tarhouna Communal Mili- tia (Libya) The Rapid Intervention Force Those Who Signed in Blood Tripoli Communal Militia (Libya) Tuareg Ethnic Group (Libya) Tuareg Ethnic Militia (Libya) Tuareg Ethnic Militia (Mali)

105 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Tuareg Ethnic Militia (Niger) Unidentified Armed Group (Algeria) Unidentified Armed Group (Chad) Unidentified Armed Group (International) Unidentified Armed Group (Libya) Unidentified Armed Group (Sudan) Unidentified Armed Group (Tunisia) Unidentified Communal Militia (Libya) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Libya) Warfallah Ethnic Militia (Libya) Wershefana Communal Militia (Libya) Wilad Ali Ethnic Militia (Libya) Yafran Communal Group (Libya) Zawiya Communal Group (Libya) Zawiya Communal Militia (Libya) Zintan Ethnic Group (Libya) Zintan Ethnic Militia (Libya) Zliten Communal Group (Libya) Zultan Communal Group (Libya) Zuwarah Communal Mili- tia (Libya) Zwai Ethnic Militia (Libya)

2.52 Sri Lanka

106 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Military Forces of Sri Protesters (Sri Lanka) Civilians (India) LTTE: Liberation Tigers of Lanka Tamil Eelam NDF: National Democratic Rioters (Sri Lanka) Civilians (Sri Lanka) Rioters (China) Front Police Forces of Sri Lanka Unidentified Armed Group (Bangladesh) UPFA: United People’s Unidentified Armed Group Freedom Alliance (India) Unidentified Armed Group (Sri Lanka)

2.53 Lesotho

Government Challenger Civilian Other ABC: All Basotho Conven- Mutiny of Military Forces Civilians (Lesotho) FAWU: Factory Workers tion of Lesotho (1998-2012) Union BCP: Basutoland Congress Mutiny of Military Forces Civilians (International) Government of South Party of Lesotho (2012-2015) Africa (1994-) BNP: Basotho National Mutiny of Police Forces of Civilians (South Africa) Ha Makopela Communal Party Lesotho (1994-1998) Militia (Lesotho) Government of Lesotho Civilians (Zimbabwe) Ha Semoli Communal Mili- (2012-2015) tia (Lesotho) LCD: Lesotho Congress for Military Forces of Democracy Botswana (1966-) Military Forces of Lesotho Military Forces of South (1994-1998) Africa (1994-) Military Forces of Lesotho Police Forces of Namibia (1998-2012) (1990-) Military Forces of Lesotho Protesters (Lesotho) (2012-2015) Military Forces of Lesotho Rioters (Lesotho) (2015-) Police Forces of Lesotho Unidentified Armed Group (1994-1998) (Lesotho) Police Forces of Lesotho Unidentified Armed Group (1998-2012) (Mozambique) Police Forces of Lesotho Unidentified Armed Group (2012-2015) (South Africa) Vigilante Militia (Lesotho)

2.54 Morocco

107 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Bloc Democratique Party Al-Salafiya Al Jihadia Civilians (Morocco) Al-Shabiba Al-Islamiyah Supporters Entente Nationale Party Ansar al-Mehdi Civilians (Algeria) Al Adl Wa Al Ihssane Government of Morocco Ansar al-Sharia Civilians (Democratic Re- Al Qaeda (1961-1999) public of Congo) Government of Morocco Assirat Al-Moustaquim Civilians (International) AQIM: Al Qaeda in the Is- (1999-) lamic Maghreb Military Forces of Morocco February 20 Movement Civilians (Ivory Coast) Commission to Promote (1999-) Virtue and Prevent Vice MP: Popular Movement Polisario Front GIA: Armed Islamic Group Police Forces of Morocco Salafia Jihadia Government of Libya (1961-1999) (2014-) General National Congress Police Forces of Morocco Government of Libya (1999-) (2014-) House of Repre- sentatives Islamist Militia (Algeria) Islamist Militia (Morocco) Military Forces of Algeria (1994-1999) Military Forces of Algeria (1999-) Military Forces of Spain Militia (Students) MUJAO: Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa Muslim Militia (Morocco) Police Forces of Spain Prison Guards (Morocco) Private Security Forces (Morocco) Protesters (International) Protesters (Morocco) Rioters (Cameroon) Rioters (International) Rioters (Mali) Rioters (Morocco) Rioters (Senegal) Unidentified Armed Group (Algeria) Unidentified Armed Group (International)

108 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Morocco) Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Senegal) UNSMIL: United Nations Support Mission in Libya (2011-) Vigilante Militia (Mo- rocco)

2.55 Moldova

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Moldova ACUM: National Resis- Civilians (Moldova) (2018 - Military Forces of Russia (2016-2019) (2018 - 2019) tance Movement (2019 - 2019) Moldova (2000-) Operational Group Moldova 2019) Moldova of Russian Forces in Moldova (2018 - 2018) Moldova Government of Moldova Casa Noastra Moldova Civilians (Palestine) (2019 Private Security Forces (2016-2019) Gagauzia Re- (2019 - 2019) Moldova - 2019) Moldova (Moldova) (2018 - 2019) gional Government (2019 - Moldova 2019) Moldova Government of Moldova Government of Transnis- Civilians (Romania) (2018 (2019-) (2019 - 2019) tria (2016-) (2018 - 2019) - 2018) Moldova Moldova Moldova Government of Moldova Military Forces of (2019-) Gagauzia Regional Transnistria (2016-) Government (2019 - 2019) (2018 - 2019) Moldova Moldova Military Forces of Moldova Police Forces of Transnis- (2019-) (2019 - 2019) tria (2016-) (2018 - 2019) Moldova Moldova PDM: Democratic Party Protesters (Moldova) (2018 of Moldova (2019 - 2019) - 2019) Moldova Moldova Police Forces of Moldova Rioters (Moldova) (2018 - (2016-2019) (2018 - 2019) 2019) Moldova Moldova Police Forces of Moldova Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (2016-2019) Security and (Moldova) (2018 - 2019) Intelligence Services (2018 Moldova - 2019) Moldova Police Forces of Moldova (2019-) (2019 - 2019) Moldova

109 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.56 Madagascar

Government Challenger Civilian Other 3FN: Three National Dahalo Militia Civilians (International) Andakoro Communal Mili- Forces tia (Madagascar) Government of Madagas- DNS: Defenders of Na- Civilians (Madagascar) Antandroy Ethnic Militia car (2009-2014) tional Sovereignty (Madagasacar) Government of Madagas- Foroche Militia Civilians (South Africa) Banonoky Mahazoarivo car (2014-) Communal Militia (Mada- gascar) Military Forces of Mada- Mutiny of Military Forces Bechuka Communal Militia gascar (1997-2002) of Madagascar (2002-2009) (Madagascar) (General Andrianaﬁdisoa Faction) Military Forces of Mada- Mutiny of Military Forces Beharona Communal Mili- gascar (2002-2009) of Madagascar (2009-2014) tia (Madagascar) Military Forces of Mada- Protesters (Madagascar) Betanatanana Communal gascar (2009-2014) Militia (Madagascar) Military Forces of Mada- Rioters (Madagascar) Betioky-Sud Communal gascar (2009-2014) Gen- Militia (Madagascar) darmerie Military Forces of Mada- Vigilante Militia (Mada- Bwasarsud Communal gascar (2014-) gascar) Militia (Madagascar) Military Forces of Mada- Emanombo Communal gascar (2014-) Gen- Militia (Madagascar) darmerie Military Forces of Madgas- Esira Communal Militia car (2009-2014) Special (Madagascar) Formations Command Police Forces of Madagas- Fenoevo Communal Militia car (1996-2002) (Madagascar) Police Forces of Madagas- Fokonolona Communal car (2002-2009) Militia (Madagascar) Police Forces of Madagas- Maromby Communal Mili- car (2009-2014) tia (Madagascar) Police Forces of Madagas- Merina Ethnic Militia car (2014-) (Madagascar) Police Forces of Mada- Pirates (Somalia) gascar (2014-) Security and Special Interventions Group TGV: Determined Mala- Private Security Forces gasy Youth (Madagascar) TIM: I Love Madagascar Ranomafana Communal Militia (Madagascar) Rioters (Burundi)

110 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unidentified Armed Group (Madagascar) Unidentified Communal Militia (Madagascar) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Madagascar)

2.57 Macedonia

Government Challenger Civilian Other DUI: Democratic Union for Islamic State (North Mace- Civilians (International) Government of Bulgaria Integration (2018 - 2019) donia) (2019 - 2019) North (2018 - 2019) North (2017-) (2018 - 2018) North North Macedonia Macedonia Macedonia Macedonia Government of North Protesters (North Macedo- Civilians (North Macedo- Government of Greece Macedonia (2009-) (2018 - nia) (2018 - 2019) North nia) (2018 - 2019) North (2015-2019) (2018 - 2019) 2019) North Macedonia Macedonia Macedonia North Macedonia Military Forces of North Rioters (North Macedonia) Government of Serbia Macedonia (2009-) (2018 - (2018 - 2019) North Mace- (2017-) (2019 - 2019) 2019) North Macedonia donia North Macedonia Police Forces of North Unidentiﬁed Armed Group NATO: North Atlantic Macedonia (2009-) (2018 - (North Macedonia) (2018 - Treaty Organization (2019 2019) North Macedonia 2019) North Macedonia - 2019) North Macedonia Police Forces of North Macedonia (2009-) Border Police (2019 - 2019) North Macedonia

2.58 Mali

Government Challenger Civilian Other ADEMA-PASJ: Alliance ADC: Democratic Alliance Civilians (Mali) Al-Ajwad Communal Mili- for Democracy in Mali of 23rd May for Change tia (Mali) - Pan-African Party for Liberty, Solidarity and Justice CMA: Coordination of Al Furqan Battalion Civilians (Algeria) Arab Ethnic Militia (Mali) Movements of the Azawad GATIA: Imghad Tuareg Al Mourabitoune Battalion Civilians (International) Berdossou Communal Mili- and Allies Self-Defense tia (Mali) Group Government of France Ansar al-Sharia Civilians (Mauritania) Dawsahak Ethnic Militia (Mali) Government of Mali (2012- Ansar Dine Civilians (Niger) Diandioumbera Communal 2013) Militia (Mali)

111 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Mali (2013- ANSIPRJ: National Al- Civilians (Nigeria) Djigueni Ethnic Militia ) liance for the Protection (Mauritania) of the Fulani Identity and the Restoration of Justice (Cisse Faction) HCUA: High Council for ANSIPRJ: National Al- Civilians (South Sudan) Dogon Ethnic Militia the Unity of Azawad liance for the Protection of (Burkina Faso) the Fulani Identity and the Restoration of Justice High Council for the Aza- AQIM: Al Qaeda in the Is- Dogon Ethnic Militia wad lamic Maghreb (Mali) Military Forces of Mali ATNMC: North Mali Tu- Douentza Communal Mili- (1992-2002) areg Alliance for Change tia (Mali) Military Forces of Mali FLM: Macina Liberation FNCI: New Forces of Ivory (2002-2012) Movement Coast Military Forces of Mali FNLA: National Libera- Fula Ethnic Militia (Burk- (2012-2013) tion Front of Azawad ina Faso) Military Forces of Mali FPR: Patriotic Forces of Fulani Ethnic Militia (2013-) Resistance (Mali) Military Forces of Mali GMA: Mourabitounes Gaberi Communal Militia (2013-) Special Forces Group of Azawad (Mali) Militia (Pro-Government) GSPC: Salaﬁst Group for Ganda Izo Ethnic Militia Call and Combat (Mali) Police Forces of Mali (1992- MAA: Arab Movement of Gandakoy Ethinic Militia 2002) the Azawad (Mali) Police Forces of Mali (2002- MIA: Islamic Movement of Guavinane Communal 2012) Azawad Militia (Mali) Police Forces of Mali (2012- MNLA: National Move- Hombori Militia 2013) ment for the Liberation of Azawad Police Forces of Mali (2013- Movement of the Libera- Ibogholitane Ethnic Militia ) tion of Maasina (Mali) Police Forces of Mali (2013- MPLA: Popular Movement Idnan Ethnic Militia ) Gendarmerie for the Liberation of Aza- (Mali) wad MPRLT: Patriots Resis- Ifogha Ethnic Militia tance Movement for the (Mali) Liberation of Timbuktu MUJAO: Movement for International Committee Unity and Jihad in West of the Red Cross and Red Africa Crescent Mutiny of Military Forces Islamist Militia (Mali) of Mali (2002-2012) Mutiny of Military Forces Karatou Communal Militia of Mali (2013-) (Mali)

112 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Those Who Signed in Kayobogo Ethnic Militia Blood (Mali) Kidal Communal Militia (Mali) Kirane Communal Militia (Mali) Kounta Ethnic Militia (Mali) Koussouma Communal Militia (Mali) Military Forces of Algeria (1999-) Military Forces of Burkina Faso (1987-2014) Military Forces of Chad (1990-) Military Forces of China Military Forces of France Military Forces of Maurita- nia (2009-) Military Forces of Niger (2011-) Military Forces of Nigeria (1999-2015) Military Forces of Senegal (2012-) Military Forces of Togo (2005-) Military Forces of United Kingdom Military Forces of United States Militia (Miners) Militia (Students) MINUSMA: United Na- tions Multidimensional In- tegrated Stabilization Mis- sion in Mali (2013-) MISMA: International Support Mission for Mali (2012-) Missira Samoura Ethnic Militia (Mali) Mougna Communal Militia (Mali)

113 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Mutiny of MINUSMA: United Nations Multi- dimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (2013-) Nielimala Communal Mili- tia (Guinea) Polisario Front Prison Guards (Mali) Private Security Forces (Mali) Protesters (Mali) Rioters (Mali) Sao Ethnic Militia (Mali) Sero Diamanou Ethnic Militia (Mali) Shiite Muslim Militia (Mali) Sirranikoro Ethnic Militia (Mali) Songhai Ethnic Militia (Mali) Soninke Ethnic Militia (Mali) Sunni Muslim Militia (Mali) Tilemsi Communal Militia (Mali) Tuareg Ethnic Militia (Mali) Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Mali) Unidentiﬁed Communal Militia (Guinea) Vigilante Militia (Mali)

2.59 Myanmar (Burma)

Government Challenger Civilian Other ALA: Arakan Liberation AA: Arakan Army Civilians (Germany) Military Forces of Army Bangladesh DKBA: Democratic Karen CNF: Chin National Front Civilians (Myanmar) Military Forces of India Benevolent Army Government of Myanmar KIA: Kachin Independence NCCT: Nationwide Cease- Army ﬁre Coordination Team 114 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Karen BGF: Karen Border KIA: Kachin Independence PLA: People’s Liberation Guard Force Army Army Military Forces of Myan- KKO: Klohtoobaw Karen PPM: Pangsay People’s mar Organization Militia Police Forces of Myanmar KNLA: Karen National Rakhine Ethnic Militia Liberation Army Republic of the Union of KNU: The Karen National SSA: Shan State Army Myanmar (2008-) Union Republic of the Union of MNDAA: Myanmar Na- Unidentiﬁed Armed Group Myanmar tional Democratic Alliance (Myanmar) Arm MNDAA: Myanmar Na- Wanparng Communal tional Democratic Alliance Militia Army MNDAA: Myanmar Na- tional Democratic Alliance Army MNLA: Mon National Lib- eration Army PNLO: Pa-Oh National Liberation Organization Protesters (Myanmar) Protesters (Myanmar) Rioters (Myanmar) RNSC: Rohingya National Solidarity Council SNA: Shanni Nationalities Army SSA-N: Shan State Army- North SSA-S: Shan State Army- South TNLA: Ta’ang National Liberation Army United Wa State Army

2.60 Montenegro

Government Challenger Civilian Other Police Forces of Montene- Protesters (Montenegro) Civilians (Montenegro) Albanian Ethnic Militia gro (1998-) (2018 - 2019) (2018 - 2019) Montenegro (2018 - 2019) Montenegro (Montenegro) (2019 - 2019) Montenegro Montenegro SD: Social Democrats of Rioters (Montenegro) Civilians (United States) Montenegro (2019 - 2019) (2018 - 2019) Montenegro (2018 - 2018) Montenegro Montenegro

115 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Montenegro) (2018 - 2019) Montenegro

2.61 Mozambique

Government Challenger Civilian Other FRELIMO: Liberation RENAMO: Mozambican Civilians (Mozambique) Civilians (Burundi) Front of Mozambique National Resistance Government of Mozam- Civilians (Democratic Re- bique (1990-) public of Congo) MDM: Mozambique Demo- Civilians (International) cratic Movement Military Forces of Mozam- Civilians (Malawi) bique (1990-) Military Forces of Mozam- Civilians (Nigeria) bique (1990-) Presidential Security Unit Military Forces of Mozam- Civilians (Rwanda) bique (2005-) Police Forces of Mozam- Civilians (Somalia) bique (1990-) Police Forces of Mozam- Civilians (South Africa) bique (1990-) Anti- Poaching Unit Police Forces of Mozam- Civilians (Zimbabwe) bique (1990-) Mozambican Frontier Guard EMOCHM: Military Ob- servation Team on the Ces- sation of Hostilities Military Forces of South Africa (1994-) Military Forces of Zim- babwe (1987-) Police Forces of Malawi (2004-2012) Prison Guards (Mozam- bique) Private Security Forces (Mozambique) Protesters (Mozambique) Rioters (International) Rioters (Malawi) Rioters (Mozambique)

116 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unidentified Armed Group (Malawi) Unidentified Armed Group (Mozambique) Unidentified Armed Group (Rwanda) Unidentified Armed Group (Somalia) Vigilante Militia (Mozam- bique) Vigilante Militia (South Africa)

2.62 Mauritania

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Mauritania Knights of Change Civilians (Mauritania) Government of Mauritania (2009-) (2009-) Military Forces of Maurita- Mutiny of Military Forces Military Forces of Maurita- nia (1984-2005) of Mauritania (1984-2005) nia (1984-2005) Military Forces of Maurita- Military Forces of Maurita- nia (2007-2008) nia (2007-2008) Military Forces of Maurita- Military Forces of Maurita- nia (2008-2009) nia (2008-2009) Military Forces of Maurita- Military Forces of Maurita- nia (2009-) nia (2009-) Military Forces of Maurita- Military Forces of Maurita- nia (2009-) Presidential Se- nia (2009-) Presidential Se- curity Unit curity Unit Police Forces of Mali (2012- Police Forces of Mali (2012- 2013) 2013) Police Forces of Mauritania Police Forces of Mauritania (1984-2005) (1984-2005) Police Forces of Mauritania Police Forces of Mauritania (2005-2007) (2005-2007) Police Forces of Mauritania Police Forces of Mauritania (2007-2008) (2007-2008) Police Forces of Mauritania Police Forces of Mauritania (2008-2009) (2008-2009) Police Forces of Mauritania Police Forces of Mauritania (2009-) (2009-) Police Forces of Mali (2012- 2013)

117 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.63 Malawi

Government Challenger Civilian Other Anti-Mutharika Party MYP: Malawi Young Pio- Civilians (Malawi) Alimitambo Communal neers Militia (Malawi) DPP: Democratic Progres- Muslim Militia (Malawi) sive Party MCP: Malawi Congress Private Security Forces Party (Malawi) Military Forces of Malawi Protesters (Malawi) (1994-2004) Military Forces of Malawi Rioters (Malawi) (2014-) MYP: Malawi Young Pio- Unidentiﬁed Armed Group neers (Malawi) NDA: National Democratic Vigilante Militia (Malawi) Alliance Police Forces of Malawi Young Democrats (1994-2004) Police Forces of Malawi (2004-2012) Police Forces of Malawi (2012-2014) Police Forces of Malawi (2014-) PP: Peoples Party UDF: United Democratic Front AFORD: AD: Alliance for Democracy Militia

2.64 Namibia

Government Challenger Civilian Other APP: All Peoples Party CLA: Caprivi Liberation Civilians (Namibia) Aakwanyama Ethnic Mili- Army tia (Namibia) Military Forces of Namibia Concerned Caprivians Po- Civilians (Angola) Aandonga Ethnic Militia (1990-) litical Group (Namibia) Police Forces of Namibia Civilians (International) Berseba Communal Militia (1990-) (Namibia) Police Forces of Namibia Herero Ethnic Militia (1990-) Special Reserve (Namibia) Force RDP: Rally for Democracy Maharero Royal Tradi- and Progress tional Authority

118 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other SWANU: South West Military Forces of Angola Africa National Union (1975-) Militia SWAPO: South West Military Forces of Africa Peoples Organisa- Botswana (1966-) tion MPLA: Popular Movement for the Liberation of An- gola Private Security Forces (Namibia) Private Security Forces (Nigeria) Protesters (Democratic Republic of Congo) Protesters (International) Protesters (Namibia) Rioters (Namibia) Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Angola) Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Namibia) UNITA: National Union for the Total Independence of Angola Vigilante Militia (Namibia)

2.65 Niger

Government Challenger Civilian Other FRDD: Front for the AQIM: Al Qaeda in the Is- Civilians (Niger) ADIN: Association for the Restoration and Defence lamic Maghreb Propagation of Islam in of Democracy Niger Government of Niger Boko Haram - Wilayat Civilians (International) Adoua Ethnic Militia (2011-) Gharb Ifriqiyyah (Niger) Military Forces of Niger Emirate of the Sahara Al-Sunna wal Jamma Mili- (1996-1999) tia Military Forces of Niger FARS: Revolutionary Ansar Dine (1999-2010) Armed Forces of the Sahara Military Forces of Niger FDR: Democratic Front for Diawondo Ethnic Militia (2010-2011) Renewal (Niger) Military Forces of Niger FLAA: The Air and Aza- Djermas Ethnic Militia (2011-) wagh Liberation Front (Niger)

119 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Military Forces of Niger MJRN: Movement for Jus- Dosso Ethnic Militia (2011-) Gendarmerie tice and the Rehabilitation (Niger) of Niger Militia (Pro-Government) MNJ: Nigerien Movement Fassi Ethnic Militia for Justice (Niger) Police Forces of Niger Mutiny of Military Forces Fulani Ethnic Militia (1996-1999) of Niger (1996-1999) (Niger) Police Forces of Niger Mutiny of Military Forces GMA: Mourabitounes (1999-2010) of Niger (1999-2010) Group of Azawad Police Forces of Niger Mutiny of Military Forces Gogone Communal Militia (2000-2010) of Niger (2000-2010) (Niger) Police Forces of Niger Mutiny of Military Forces GSPC: Salaﬁst Group for (2010-2011) of Niger (2010-2011) Call and Combat Police Forces of Niger Mutiny of Military Forces Hausa Ethnic Militia (2011-) of Niger (2011-) (Niger) Hausa Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Islamist Militia (Algeria) Islamist Militia (Niger) Koglweogo Militia Military Forces of Algeria (1999-) Military Forces of Chad (1990-) Military Forces of France Military Forces of Mali (2012-2013) Military Forces of Nigeria (1999-2015) Military Forces of United States MNLA: National Move- ment for the Liberation of Azawad MUJAO: Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa Nupe Ethnic Militia (Niger) Police Forces of Nigeria (1999-2015) Protesters (Niger) Rioters (Benin) Rioters (Niger)

120 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Those Who Signed in Blood Toubou Ethnic Militia (Niger) Toumour Communal Mili- tia (Niger) Tuareg Ethnic Militia (Niger) Unidentified Armed Group (Mali) Unidentified Armed Group (Niger) Unidentified Communal Militia (Niger) Vigilante Militia (Niger) Waze Ethnic Militia (Niger)

2.66 Nigeria

Government Challenger Civilian Other AC: Action Congress Ansaru Civilians (Nigeria) ”Taliban” Militia AD: Alliance for Democ- Boko Haram - Wilayat Civilians (Cameroon) Achaba Riders Militia racy Gharb Ifriqiyyah (Barnawi Faction) AHOI: Amabolu High Op- Boko Haram - Wilayat Civilians (Chad) Adadama Communal Mili- erational Integrity Gharb Ifriqiyyah tia (Nigeria) ANPP: All Nigeria Peoples BZM: Biafra Zionist Move- Civilians (Egypt) Ado Communal Militia Party ment (Nigeria) AP: Accord Party CML: Concerned Militant Civilians (International) Aﬀa Ethnic Militia (Nige- Leaders ria) AP: Action Party CPYV: Community Polic- Civilians (Libya) Aﬁesere Ethnic Militia ing Youth Vanguard (Nigeria) APC: All Progressives Fighters of The Martyrs Civilians (Niger) Agatu Ethnic Militia Congress Brigade (Nigeria) APGA: All Progressives INMPD: Iduwini National Civilians (Sierra Leone) Agbaja Ethnic Militia Grand Alliance Party Movement for Peace and (Nigeria) Development APP: All Peoples Party IPOB: Indigenous Peoples Civilians (South Africa) Agbekoya Militia of Biafra BVYG: Borno Vigilance KORAN: Keke Owners Agege Ethnic Militia Youths Group and Riders Association of (Nigeria) Nigeria Militia Civilian JTF: Civilian Martyrs Brigade Agila Communal Militia Joint Task Force (Nigeria)

121 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other CNC: Congress for Na- MASSOB-Uwazuruike: Aguleri Ethnic Militia tional Consensus Party Movement for the Actu- (Nigeria) alization of a Sovereign State of Biafra (Uwazu- ruike Faction) CPC: Congress for Pro- MASSOB: Movement for AIYO: Association of Igbo gressive Change the Actualization of a Youth Organisation Sovereign State of Biafra DPP: Democratic Peoples MEND: Movement for the Ajah Communal Militia Party Emancipation of the Niger (Nigeria) Delta Government of Nigeria Militia (Ndigbara) Ajasor Communal Militia (2015-) (Nigeria) Labour Party Militia (Oil Workers) Akan Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Military Forces of Nigeria Militia (Rochas Okorocha) Akassa Ethnic Militia (1993-1999) (Nigeria) Military Forces of Nigeria Militia (Terwase Agwaza) Akungba Communal Mili- (1999-2015) tia (Nigeria) Military Forces of Nige- MONDP: Movement for Al-Sunna wal Jamma Mili- ria (1999-2015) Joint Task the Niger Delta People tia Force Military Forces of Nigeria Mutiny of AD: Alliance for Aladja Communal Militia (2015-) Democracy (Nigeria) Military Forces of Nigeria Mutiny of Military Forces Alago Ethnic Militia (Nige- (2015-) Joint Task Force of Nigeria (1999-2015) ria) Militia (Emeka Ihedioha) NADECO: National Alakuko Communal Militia Democratic Coalition (Nigeria) Militia Militia (Pro-Government) NDA: Niger Delta Alhaji Ardo Militia Avengers NLC: Nigeria Labour NDFF: Niger Delta Free- Amadi Ama-Okrika Com- Congress dom Fighters munal Militia (Nigeria) NSCDC: Nigeria Security NDLF: Niger Delta Liber- Amagu Communal Militia and Civil Defence Corps ation Force (Nigeria) PDP: Peoples Democratic NDV: Niger Delta Vigilant Amai Ethnic Militia (Nige- Party Militia ria) PDP: Progressive Demo- Nigerian Liberation Orga- Amokwu Aﬀa Communal cratic Party (Daniel Fac- nization Militia Militia (Nigeria) tion) PDP: Progressive Demo- Northern Peoples Congress Anahutas Ethnic Militia cratic Party (Obasanjo Militia (Nigeria) Faction) Police Forces of Nigeria UAD: United Action for ANCA: Customs Clearing (1993-1999) Democracy Militia Agents

122 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Police Forces of Nigeria Andoni Communal Militia (1999-2015) (Nigeria) Police Forces of Nigeria Anguwan Rimi Communal (2015-) Militia (Nigeria) Rambo Group Militia Arab Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) RPN: Republican Party of Araromi Communal Mili- Nigeria tia (Nigeria) RSISTF: Rivers State In- Area Boys Militia ternal Security Task Force VGN: Vigilante Group of Ashonwo Ethnic Militia Nigeria (Nigeria) Government of Nigeria Asipa Communal Militia (1999-2015) (Nigeria) Attagara Communal Mili- tia (Nigeria) Awori Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ayele Communal Militia (Nigeria) Bajju Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Bakassi Boys Militia Barako Communal Militia (Nigeria) Bassa Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Bekuma Communal Militia (Nigeria) Beletiama Communal Mili- tia (Nigeria) Benekuku Communal Mili- tia (Nigeria) Berom Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Biafra Communal Militia (Nigeria) Bille Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Bini Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Biro Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Biseni Communal Militia (Nigeria)

123 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Black Axe Student Militia Black Beret Student Mili- tia Boje Communal Militia (Nigeria) Borno Communal Militia (Nigeria) BSDF: Bakassi Self Deter- mination Front BSF: Bakassi Strike Force Campus Cult Militia Chala Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Chamba Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Chanchangi Communal Militia (Nigeria) Changai Communal Militia (Nigeria) Christian Militia (Nigeria) Christian Youth Sect (Nigeria) Concerned Ilaje Citizens Militia Dadiya Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Dan Zara Communal Mili- tia (Nigeria) DDM: Delta Democratic Militia Deebam Militia Deeken Communal Militia (Nigeria) Deken Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Deleugbene Communal Militia (Nigeria) Deyor Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Doemak Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Doko Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Dzev Communal Militia (Nigeria)

124 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Ebira Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Ede Communal Militia (Nigeria) Ediba Communal Militia (Nigeria) Edumoga Communal Mili- tia (Nigeria) Eﬀurun Communal Militia (Nigeria) Eﬁk Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Efraya Communal Militia (Nigeria) Egbas Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Egbe Communal Militia (Nigeria) Egbema Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Egbesu Boys Militia Eggon Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) EGTL: Escravos-Gas-to- Liquid Workers Ehinogbe Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ejuona Communal Militia (Nigeria) Ekakpamre Communal Militia (Nigeria) Ekeremor Communal Mili- tia (Nigeria) Ekingbo Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ekori Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Ekpedo Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Eleme Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Emegi Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Enin Ogbe Boys Militia

125 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Enwhe Communal Militia (Nigeria) Erin-Ile Communal Militia (Nigeria) Erunmu Communal Militia (Nigeria) Esa-Oke Communal Militia (Nigeria) Esenasawo Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Etegbin Communal Militia (Nigeria) Etti Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Evwreni Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Eye Confraternity Militia (Students) Ezillo Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Ezionum Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ezza Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Fansuwa Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) FERMA: Federal Emer- gency Road Maintenance Agency Fokpo Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Fulani Ethnic Militia (Chad) Fulani Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ganmo Communal Militia (Nigeria) Ganna Communal Militia (Nigeria) Gbagyi Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Gberesaakoo Boys Militia Gbondifu Communal Mili- tia (Nigeria) Gelegele Communal Militia (Nigeria)

126 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other German Boys Militia Gindiri Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Gwandara Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Gwani Communal Militia (Nigeria) Hausa-Fulani Ethnic Mili- tia (Nigeria) Hausa Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ibabu Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Ibanuha Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ibeno Communal Militia (Nigeria) Ibibio Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Ido-Osun Communal Mili- tia (Nigeria) Idoma Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ife Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Iﬁayong Usuk Ethnic Mili- tia (Nigeria) Igbarra Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Igbide Communal Militia (Nigeria) Igbo Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Igede Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Iggah Communal Militia (Nigeria) Iheagwa Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ihetazi Communal Militia (Nigeria) Ijaw Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Ijegwu Communal Militia (Nigeria) Iju Ethnic Militia (Nigeria)

127 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Ikpokpo Communal Militia (Nigeria) Ilajes Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Ile-Ife Communal Militia (Nigeria) Ilogo Communal Militia (Nigeria) IM: Islamic Movement Imakun Omi Communal Militia (Nigeria) Imorere Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Inyima Communal Militia (Nigeria) Inyimagu Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ipaav Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Ipetumodu Communal Militia (Nigeria) Irigwe Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Isaba Communal Militia (Nigeria) Isalako Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Iselegu Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Isgogo Communal Militia (Nigeria) Ishi Ozalla Communal Militia (Nigeria) Islamist Militia (Nigeria) ISN: Imo Security Network Isoko Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Isongujero Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ita Ogbolu Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Itsekiri Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Izago Communal Militia (Nigeria)

128 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other JAC: Joint Action Com- mitttee JAF: Joint Action Front Jeddo Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Jie Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Jubrin Gunda Militia Jukun-Chamba Communal Militia (Nigeria) Jukun Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Junior Vikings Confrater- nity Kafanchan Communal Militia (Nigeria) Kalabari Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Kalo-Kato Militia Kaltungo Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Kanberi Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Kaningkon Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Kanuri Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Kawuri Communal Militia (Nigeria) Ke Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Kinafa Communal Militia (Nigeria) Kirikasama Communal Militia (Nigeria) KMS: Kamarudeen Mus- lim Society Kogi Communal Militia (Nigeria) Kolama Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Koluama Communal Mili- tia (Nigeria) Koro Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Kparev Ethnic Militia (Nigeria)

129 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Kpatsuwa Communal Mili- tia (Nigeria) Kuchita Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Kudung Communal Militia (Nigeria) Kufai Communal Militia (Nigeria) Kulishi Communal Militia (Nigeria) Kundum Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Kurama Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Kuteb Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Kutep Communal Militia (Nigeria) Kutia Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Kwala Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Kwara Communal Militia (Nigeria) Laﬁa Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Lagos Communal Militia (Nigeria) Lalupon Communal Militia (Nigeria) Lassa Communal Militia (Nigeria) LASTMA: Lagos State Traﬃc Management Authority Lemfa Communal Militia (Nigeria) Liama Communal Militia (Nigeria) LSETF: Lagos State Envi- ronmental Task Force Maitasine Communal Mili- tia (Nigeria) Mambilla Ethnic Militia (Nigeria)

130 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Manﬁle Confraternities Militia Marwa Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Mbakyaa Communal Mili- tia (Nigeria) Mbiakong Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Mbukpa Militia Miango Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Military Forces of Benin (2006-2016) Military Forces of Cameroon (1982-) Military Forces of Chad (1990-) Military Forces of Guinea- Bissau (1984-1999) Military Forces of Niger (2011-) Military Forces of Sudan (1989-) Military Forces of United States Militia (Federal Road Maintenance Agency) Militia (Street Traders) Militia (Students) Minda Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Mkpani Communal Militia (Nigeria) Mkpumaekweoku Commu- nal Militia (Nigeria) Modakeke Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Modeke Communal Militia (Nigeria) Moroa Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) MOSOP: Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People Muslim Militia (Nigeria)

131 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Muslim Youth Sect (Nige- ria) Mutiny of Military Forces of Guinea-Bissau (1999- 2000) Mutiny of MOSOP: Move- ment for the Survival of the Ogoni People Mutiny of OPC: Oodua Peoples Congress Mutiny of PDP: Peoples Democractic Party NANS: National Associa- tion of Nigerian Students Nassarawa Gwom Commu- nal Militia (Nigeria) National Youth Council of Nigeria Ndafu Communal Militia (Nigeria) NDGJM: Niger Delta Greenland Justice Man- date NDLEA: National Drug Law Enforcement Agency Ndoro Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) NDPVF: Niger Delta Peo- ples Volunteer Force Nko Communal Militia (Nigeria) NPDC: Nigeria Petroleum Development Company NPS: Nigerian Prisons Ser- vice Guards Nsadop Communal Militia (Nigeria) NURTW: National Union of Road Transport Workers Nweviara Communal Mili- tia (Nigeria) Nyeswe Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Obehira Communal Militia (Nigeria)

132 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Obgunabali-Ikwewe Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Oboro Communal Militia (Nigeria) Obosi Communal Militia (Nigeria) Ochon Communal Militia (Nigeria) Odekpe Communal Militia (Nigeria) Odimodi Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Odukpani Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ofagbe Communal Militia (Nigeria) OFF: Otugas Fire Force Oﬀa Communal Militia (Nigeria) Ofutop Communal Militia (Nigeria) Ogbe-Ijoh Communal Mili- tia (Nigeria) Ogbogo Communal Militia (Nigeria) Ogboji Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Oghorho-Uwheru Commu- nal Militia (Nigeria) Ogidi Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Ogoni Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ogori Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Ogulagha Communal Mili- tia (Nigeria) Ogume Communal Militia (Nigeria) Okada Motorcycle Militia Oke-Ogbo Communal Mili- tia (Nigeria) Oke Afa Communal Militia (Nigeria)

133 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Okene Communal Militia (Nigeria) Okitipupa Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Oko Igboko Communal Militia (Nigeria) Okodia Communal Militia (Nigiera) Okpanan Communal Mili- tia (Nigeria) Okpe Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Okpella Communal Militia (Nigeria) Okpoga Communal Militia (Nigeria) Okrika Communal Militia (Nigeria) Okunran Communal Mili- tia (Nigeria) Okworogwong Ethnic Mili- tia (Nigeria) Olakojo Communal Militia (Nigeria) Oleh Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Ologba Communal Militia (Nigeria) Olomoro Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Olowo Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Olpoma Communal Militia (Nigeria) Onicha Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Oniko Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Onitsha Communal Militia (Nigeria) Onogboko Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Onweonweiya Communal Militia (Nigeria) Onyadama Communal Militia (Nigeria)

134 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other OPC: Oodua Peoples Congress Operation Fire for Fire Militia Opobo Youths Federation Militia Oruku Communal Militia (Nigeria) Otugwang Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Otuo Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Owo Communal Militia (Nigeria) Owu Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Oyaba Communal Militia (Nigeria) Oyinmo Communal Militia (Nigeria) Pai Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Panyam Communal Militia (Nigeria) Pirates (Nigeria) Police Forces of Cameroon (1982-) Police Forces of Niger (2000-2010) Prison Guards (Nigeria) Private Security Forces (Ivory Coast) Private Security Forces (Nigeria) Protesters (International) Protesters (Nigeria) Pwel Communal Militia (Nigeria) Rioters (Nigeria) Riyom Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) RTEAN: Road Transport Employers Association of Nigeria

135 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other RUF: Revolutionary United Front Rukuba Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Rumu Communal Militia (Nigeria) Saki Communal Militia (Nigeria) Saro-Wiwa Militia Share Communal Militia (Nigeria) Shibiri Communal Militia (Nigeria) Shiite Muslim Militia (Nigeria) Shumo Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Shuwa Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) SLM/A: Sudan Liberation Movement/Army Sunni Muslim Militia (Nigeria) Taliban Militia (Nigeria) Tarok Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) The Eiye Confraternity The Makﬁte Confraternity Tiv Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Tsaragi Communal Militia (Nigeria) Tumbashi Communal Mili- tia (Nigeria) Udawa Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Udeni-Gida Communal Militia (Nigeria) Udu Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Ugbene Communal Militia (Nigeria) Ukan Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria)

136 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Ukele Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Ukum Communal Militia (Nigeria) Umuapu Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Umuchukwu Vigilante Militia (Nigeria) Umuleri Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Umuode Communal Mili- tia (Nigeria) Umuoka Communal Militia (Nigeria) UN: United Nations Uneme Communal Militia (Nigeria) Unidentified Armed Group (Benin) Unidentified Armed Group (Chad) Unidentified Armed Group (Ghana) Unidentified Armed Group (Niger) Unidentified Armed Group (Nigeria) Unidentified Clan Militia (Somalia) Unidentified Communal Militia (Nigeria) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Cameroon) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Chad) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Niger) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) URGENT Militants Urhobo Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Usumotong Communal Militia (Nigeria)

137 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Utagbaogbe Communal Militia (Nigeria) Uvwie Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Vigilante Militia (Nigeria) Viking 22 Student Militia Waja Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Warte Communal Militia (Nigeria) Wukari Communal Militia (Nigeria) Wurkum Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Yanbola Street Gang Yangwoza Street Gang Yoruba Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Yugur Ethnic Militia (Nigeria)

2.67 Nepal

Government Challenger Civilian Other CPN(M): Communist ATMM: Akhil Terai Mukti Civilians (Nepal) Belauri Communal Militia Party Nepal (Maoist) Morcha Militia Government of the Fed- Protesters (Nepal) Police Forces of India eral Democratic Republic of Nepal Janatantrik Tiger Rioters (Nepal) Rioters (India) Janashakti Party MCCN: Maoist Commu- RIoters (Nepal) Unidentiﬁed Armed Group nist Centre of Nepal (India) Police Forces of Nepal SLMM: Samyukta Lok- Unidentiﬁed Armed Group tantrik Madhesi Morcha (Nepal) Militia Vigilante Group (Nepal) Vigilante Militia (Nepal)

2.68 Oman

138 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Protesters (Oman)

2.69 Pakistan

Government Challenger Civilian Other ANP: Awami National Baloch Separatists Civilians (Afghanistan) Ababaki Communal Mili- Party Militia tia Government of the Islamic Baloch Separatists (Pak- Civilians (China) Afghani Taliban Republic of Pakistan istan) Government of The Islamic Baloch Separtists (Pak- Civilians (India) Al-Qaeda Republic of Pakistan istan) Military Forces of Pakistan BLA: Baloch Liberation Civilians (Pakistan) Al-Qaeda (Subcontinent) Army PML-N: Pakistan Muslim BLA: Baloch Liberation Al Qaeda League-Nawaz Militia Army Police Forces of Pakistan BLF: Baloch Liberation Amr bil Maroof wa Nahi Front Anil Munkar Police Forces of Paskistan BRA: Baloch Republican Bazaar-Zakhakhel Com- Army munal Lashkar PPP: Pakistan Peoples Haﬁz Gul Bahadur Group Government of India Party Militia STPP: Sindh Taraqi Jamaat-ul-Ahrar IS: Islamic State Pasand Party Militia Jundallah Jatoi Communal Militia Lashkar-e-Balochistan Kharan Communal Militia LeI: Lashkar-e-Islam Kotli Communal Militia LeJ: Lashkar-e-Jabbar Military Forces of Afghanistan Protesters (Pakistan) Military Forces of India Protestors (Pakistan) Military Forces of Iran PTI: Pakistan Tehreek-i- Military Forces of The Insaf Militia United States of America Rioters (Pakistan) Military Forces of the United States of America SRA: Sindhudesh Revolu- Military Forces of The tionary Army United States of America TTP Geedar: Tehreek-i- Mumtaz Qadri Taliban Pakistan Geedar Group TTP: Tehreek-i-Taliban Police Forces of Pakistan (Geedar Group) Afghanistan TTP: Tehreek-i-Taliban Police Forces of India Pakistan (Geedar Group) TTP: Tehreek-i-Taliban Protesters (India) Pakistan

139 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Rioters (India) Surab Communal Militia Tampoo Communal Militia TI: Tauheedul Islam TI: Tauheedul Islam Unidentified Armed Group (Afghanistan) Unidentified Armed Group (India) Unidentified Armed Group (Pakistan) Unidentified Armed Group (Pakistan) Zakakhel Communal Mili- tia Zakakhel Communal Mili- tia

2.70 Philippines

Government Challenger Civilian Other Alamara (2016 - 2018) AKP: Ansar al-Khilafah Civilians (American) (2019 Abdulmuin Clan Militia Philippines in the Philippines (2016 - - 2019) Philippines (Philippines) (2016 - 2016) 2018) Philippines Philippines Anti-Drug Vigilantes ASG: Abu Sayyaf (2016 - Civilians (China) (2016 - Alih Clan Militia (Philip- (Philippines) (2016 - 2019) 2019) Philippines 2019) Philippines pines) (2016 - 2016) Philip- Philippines pines APP: Alliance of Parties BIFF: Bangsamoro Islamic Civilians (Indonesia) (2016 Aquino-Cojuangco Clan for Progress (2016 - 2016) Freedom Fighters (2016 - - 2017) Philippines Militia (Philippines) (2016 Philippines 2019) Philippines - 2016) Philippines Bantay Dagat (2017 - CPP-NPA-NDF: Com- Civilians (International) Armed Drug Suspects 2017) Philippines munist Party of the (2016 - 2018) Philippines (Philippines) (2016 - 2019) Philippines-New People’s Philippines Army-National Demo- cratic Front (2016 - 2018) Philippines Dela Mance Group (2016 - CPP: Communist Party of Civilians (Philippines) Baakal Clan Militia 2016) Philippines the Philippines (2019 - (2016 - 2019) Philippines (Philippines) (2019 - 2019) 2019) Philippines Philippines Government of the Philip- Dawlah Islamiyah (2019 - Civilians (South Korea) Balibagan Communal Mili- pines (2010-2016) (2016 - 2019) Philippines (2016 - 2016) Philippines tia (Philippines) (2016 - 2016) Philippines 2016) Philippines Government of the Philip- Islamic State (Philippines) Civilians (Vietnam) (2016 - Balindong Clan Militia pines (2016-) (2016 - 2019) (2016 - 2019) Philippines 2017) Philippines (Philippines) (2018 - 2018) Philippines Philippines

140 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other HNP: Hugpong Ng Pag- Islamist Militia (Philip- Balingasag Communal babago (2019 - 2019) pines) (2016 - 2019) Philip- Militia (Philippines) (2019 Philippines pines - 2019) Philippines Lakas-CMD: Lakas- Maute Group (2016 - 2019) Baraontong Clan Militia Christian Muslim Philippines (Philippines) (2019 - 2019) Democrats (2016 - Philippines 2016) Philippines LP: Liberal Party (2016 - MILF: Moro Islamic Liber- Bayabao Clan Militia 2017) Philippines ation Front (2016 - 2019) (Philippines) (2017 - 2017) Philippines Philippines Military Forces of China MNLF: Moro National Lib- Blaan Ethnic Militia (2012-) (2016 - 2016) eration Front (2016 - 2019) (Philippines) (2017 - 2017) Philippines Philippines Philippines Military Forces of the Moro Muslim Militia Buisan Clan Militia Philippines (2010-2016) (Philippines) (2016 - 2019) (Philippines) (2016 - 2016) (2016 - 2016) Philippines Philippines Philippines Military Forces of the New Indigenous People’s Culilang Communal Mili- Philippines (2010-2016) Army for Reform (2016 - tia (Philippines) (2017 - Citizen Armed Force 2016) Philippines 2017) Philippines Geographical Unit (2016 - 2019) Philippines Military Forces of the NPA: New People’s Army Dacalan Communal Militia Philippines (2010-2016) (2016 - 2019) Philippines (Philippines) (2017 - 2017) Philippine Marine Corps Philippines (2016 - 2019) Philippines Military Forces of the PMLP: Marxist-Leninist Dipatuan Clan Militia Philippines (2010-2016) Party of the Philippines (Philippines) (2018 - 2018) Scout Ranger (2016 - (2016 - 2016) Philippines Philippines 2016) Philippines Military Forces of the Protesters (International) Ditopor Clan Militia Philippines (2016-) (2016 - (2016 - 2017) Philippines (Philippines) (2019 - 2019) 2019) Philippines Philippines Military Forces of the Protesters (Philippines) Enterino Communal Mili- Philippines (2016-) Citizen (2016 - 2019) Philippines tia (Philippines) (2017 - Armed Force Geograph- 2017) Philippines ical Unit (2016 - 2019) Philippines Military Forces of the Rioters (Philippines) (2016 Gaang Communal Militia Philippines (2016-) Philip- - 2019) Philippines (Philippines) (2017 - 2017) pine Air Force (2019 - Philippines 2019) Philippines Military Forces of the RPA-ABB: Revolutionary Gata Communal Militia Philippines (2016-) Philip- Proletarian Army-Alex (Philippines) (2016 - 2016) pine Marine Corps (2016 - Boncayao Brigade (2016 - Philippines 2019) Philippines 2019) Philippines

141 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Military Forces of the UGMO: Underground General Santos Clan Mili- Philippines (2016-) Philip- Mass Organization (2017 - tia (Philippines) (2018 - pine Navy (2016 - 2019) 2017) Philippines 2018) Philippines Philippines Military Forces of the Unidentiﬁed Armed Group Government of China Philippines (2016-) Scout (Philippines) (2016 - 2019) (2012-) (2017 - 2017) Ranger (2016 - 2019) Philippines Philippines Philippines Military Forces of the Ilonggo Ethnic Militia Philippines (2016-) Special (Philippines) (2016 - 2016) Action Force (2016 - 2019) Philippines Philippines Militia (Pro-Government) Iranun Ethnic Militia (2017 - 2017) Philippines (Philippines) (2017 - 2017) Philippines Nacionalista Party (2017 - Jul Hamidi Clan Militia 2019) Philippines (Philippines) (2017 - 2017) Philippines NUP: National Unity Kitango Communal Militia Party (2016 - 2016) (Philippines) (2018 - 2018) Philippines Philippines PDP-Laban: Philippine Kitapok Communal Militia Democratic Party-Power of (Philippines) (2018 - 2018) the Nation (2019 - 2019) Philippines Philippines Police Forces of the Philip- Lanao del Sur Communal pines (2010-2016) (2016 - Militia (Philippines) (2017 2016) Philippines - 2017) Philippines Police Forces of the Langilan-Manobo Tribal Philippines (2010-2016) Militia (Philippines) (2018 Anti-Illegal Drugs Special - 2018) Philippines Operations Task Force (2016 - 2016) Philippines Police Forces of the Madidis Clan Militia Philippines (2010-2016) (Philippines) (2019 - 2019) Philippine Drug Enforce- Philippines ment Agency (2019 - 2019) Philippines Police Forces of the Philip- Malagap Communal Mili- pines (2010-2016) Prison tia (Philippines) (2018 - Guards (2019 - 2019) 2018) Philippines Philippines Police Forces of the Philip- Mamasapano Clan Militia pines (2010-2016) Regional (Philippines) (2019 - 2019) Intelligence Unit (2016 - Philippines 2016) Philippines

142 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Police Forces of the Philip- MANADU: Mandaya An- pines (2010-2016) Special cestral Defence Unit (2016 Action Force (2016 - 2016) - 2016) Philippines Philippines Police Forces of the Philip- Matarol Clan Militia pines (2016-) (2016 - 2019) (Philippines) (2018 - 2018) Philippines Philippines Police Forces of the Philip- Matigsalog Ethnic Militia pines (2016-) Anti-Illegal (Philippines) (2018 - 2018) Drugs Special Operations Philippines Task Force (2016 - 2019) Philippines Police Forces of the Philip- Midsayap Clan Militia pines (2016-) Barangay (Philippines) (2019 - 2019) Peace and Security Oﬃcer Philippines (2016 - 2019) Philippines Police Forces of the Philip- Mohammad Clan Militia pines (2016-) Barangay (Philippines) (2018 - 2018) Peacekeeping Action Team Philippines (2019 - 2019) Philippines Police Forces of the Philip- Pando Clan Militia pines (2016-) Civilian Vol- (Philippines) (2018 - 2018) unteer Organization (2017 Philippines - 2018) Philippines Police Forces of the Philip- Pikit Clan Militia (Philip- pines (2016-) Coast Guard pines) (2018 - 2018) Philip- (2018 - 2018) Philippines pines Police Forces of the Philip- Pinagpanaan Communal pines (2016-) Counter In- Militia (Philippines) (2016 telligence Task Force (2018 - 2016) Philippines - 2018) Philippines Police Forces of the Philip- Pooc Communal Militia pines (2016-) Criminal (Philippines) (2016 - 2016) Investigation and Detec- Philippines tion Group (2016 - 2019) Philippines Police Forces of the Private Security Forces Philippines (2016-) Forest (Philippines) (2016 - 2019) Rangers (2019 - 2019) Philippines Philippines Police Forces of the Philip- Sabal Clan Militia (Philip- pines (2016-) Highway Pa- pines) (2016 - 2016) Philip- trol Group (2016 - 2018) pines Philippines Police Forces of the Philip- Salugpungan Ta Tanu pines (2016-) Philippine Inkanugon Cummunal Drug Enforcement Agency Militia (Philippines) (2018 (2016 - 2019) Philippines - 2018) Philippines

143 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Police Forces of the San Antonio Communal Philippines (2016-) Prison Militia (Philippines) (2017 Guards (2016 - 2019) - 2017) Philippines Philippines Police Forces of the Philip- San Pablo Communal Mili- pines (2016-) Provincial In- tia (Philippines) (2016 - telligence Branch (2018 - 2016) Philippines 2018) Philippines Police Forces of the Philip- Sangbay Clan Militia pines (2016-) Provincial (Philippines) (2019 - 2019) Mobile Force Company Philippines (2019 - 2019) Philippines Police Forces of the Philip- Silongan Clan Militia pines (2016-) Regional In- (Philippines) (2019 - 2019) telligence Unit (2016 - Philippines 2019) Philippines Police Forces of the Philip- Sultan Kudarat Clan Mili- pines (2016-) Regional Mo- tia (Philippines) (2018 - bile Force Batallion (2018 - 2018) Philippines 2019) Philippines Police Forces of the Philip- Talil Clan Militia (Philip- pines (2016-) Regional pines) (2019 - 2019) Philip- Police Drug Enforce- pines ment Unit (2018 - 2019) Philippines Police Forces of the Philip- Tinglayan Tribal Militia pines (2016-) Regional (Philippines) (2017 - 2017) Public Safety Battalion Philippines (2019 - 2019) Philippines Police Forces of the Philip- Tuao Communal Militia pines (2016-) Special Ac- (Philippines) (2019 - 2019) tion Force (2016 - 2019) Philippines Philippines Police Forces of the Tulgao Tribal Militia Philippines (2016-) Special (Philippines) (2017 - 2017) Weapons and Tactics Philippines (2016 - 2019) Philippines PPP: Partidong Pag- UN: United Nations (2017 babago ng Palawan (2019 - 2017) Philippines - 2019) Philippines PRP: People’s Reform Unidentiﬁed Clan Militia Party (2016 - 2016) (Philippines) (2016 - 2019) Philippines Philippines UNA: United Nationalist Unidentiﬁed Communal Alliance (2016 - 2016) Militia (Philippines) (2016 Philippines - 2019) Philippines

144 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.71 Palestinian Territories

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Israel Al Quds Brigades Civilians (Israel) Al Ghara Clan Militia (2009-) (Palestine) Government of Pales- Groups of Martyr Baha Civilians (Palestine) Elad tine (1994-) Palestinian Eleyan National Authority Military Forces of Israel Hamas Movement Journalists (Palestine) (2009-) Police Forces of Israel Islamic State (Palestine) Military Forces of Egypt (2009-) (2014-) Police Forces of Palestine Islamist Militia (Palestine) Private Security Forces (Is- (1994-) rael) Police Forces of Palestine Izz ad-Din Al Qassam Qusra Communal Militia (2016-) Gaza Strip Brigade (Palestine) Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Settlers (Israel) Brigade National Resistance Unidentified Armed Group Brigades (Israel) PIJ: Palestinian Islamic Ji- Unidentified Armed Group had (Jordan) Protesters (Israel) Unidentified Armed Group (Palestine) Protesters (Palestine) Unidentified Clan Militia (Palestine) Rioters (International) Unidentified Military Forces Rioters (Israel) Rioters (Palestine)

2.72 Qatar

Government Challenger Civilian Other Protesters (Qatar)

2.73 Romania

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Romania Protesters (Lebanon) Civilians (Iraq) (2019 - Hungarian Ethnic Militia (2016-2019) (2018 - 2019) (2019 - 2019) Romania 2019) Romania (Romania) (2019 - 2019) Romania Romania Government of Romania Protesters (Moldova) (2019 Civilians (Moldova) (2018 - UN: United Nations (2019 (2019-) (2019 - 2019) Ro- - 2019) Romania 2018) Romania - 2019) Romania mania 145 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Police Forces of Romania Protesters (Romania) Civilians (Romania) (2018 (2016-2019) (2018 - 2019) (2018 - 2019) Romania - 2019) Romania Romania Police Forces of Romania Rioters (Romania) (2018 - Civilians (Turkey) (2019 - (2016-2019) Border Police 2019) Romania 2019) Romania (2019 - 2019) Romania Police Forces of Romania Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (2016-2019) Coast Guard (Romania) (2018 - 2018) (2019 - 2019) Romania Romania Police Forces of Romania (2016-2019) Gendarmerie (2018 - 2019) Romania PSD: Social Democratic Party (2019 - 2019) Roma- nia

2.74 Russia

Government Challenger Civilian Other Cossacks (Russia) (2018 - Artpodgotovka (2018 - Civilians (Czech Republic) Military Forces of United 2018) Russia 2018) Russia (2018 - 2018) Russia States (2018 - 2018) Russia Government of Russia Caucasus Emirate (2018 - Civilians (International) Militia (Kharachinsky) (2000-) (2018 - 2019) 2018) Russia (2018 - 2019) Russia (2018 - 2018) Russia Russia Government of Rus- FirstLine Nevograd (2019 - Civilians (Japan) (2018 - Police Forces of Ukraine sia (2000-) Republic of 2019) Russia 2018) Russia (2014-2019) (2018 - 2018) Chechnya (2018 - 2018) Russia Russia Government of Russia Hizb ut-Tahrir (2018 - Civilians (Kyrgyzstan) Private Security Forces (2000-) Republic of In- 2018) Russia (2019 - 2019) Russia (Russia) (2018 - 2019) gushetia (2018 - 2019) Russia Russia Military Forces of Russia Islamic State (Russia) Civilians (Poland) (2018 - Tsumadin Communal Mili- (2000-) (2018 - 2019) Rus- (2018 - 2019) Russia 2018) Russia tia (Russia) (2018 - 2018) sia Russia Military Forces of Rus- Krasnoyarsk Jamaat (2018 Civilians (Russia) (2018 - sia (2000-) Military Police - 2018) Russia 2019) Russia (2018 - 2018) Russia Military Forces of Rus- Protesters (Georgia) (2019 Civilians (Tajikistan) sia (2000-) National Guard - 2019) Russia (2019 - 2019) Russia - Special Purpose Police Unit (OMON) (2018 - 2018) Russia Military Forces of Rus- Protesters (International) Civilians (Ukraine) (2019 - sia (2000-) National Guard (2018 - 2018) Russia 2019) Russia (2018 - 2019) Russia

146 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Military Forces of Rus- Protesters (Russia) (2018 - sia (2000-) Special Forces 2019) Russia (2018 - 2018) Russia Military Forces of South Protesters (Ukraine) (2018 Ossetia (2017-) (2018 - - 2018) Russia 2018) Russia Police Forces of Russia Protesters (Yemen) (2019 - (2000-) (2018 - 2019) Rus- 2019) Russia sia Police Forces of Russia RF: Russia of the Future (2000-) Border Service (2019 - 2019) Russia (2018 - 2018) Russia Police Forces of Russia Rioters (International) (2000-) Centre for Com- (2018 - 2018) Russia bating Extremism (2018 - 2019) Russia Police Forces of Russia Rioters (Russia) (2018 - (2000-) Federal Security 2019) Russia Service (2018 - 2019) Rus- sia Police Forces of Russia Takfir wal-Hijra (2018 - (2000-) Prison Guards 2018) Russia (2018 - 2019) Russia SERB: South East Radical Unidentified Armed Group Block (2018 - 2018) Russia (Croatia) (2018 - 2018) Russia Unidentified Armed Group (International) (2018 - 2018) Russia Unidentified Armed Group (Kyrgyzstan) (2018 - 2018) Russia Unidentified Armed Group (Russia) (2018 - 2019) Rus- sia Unidentified Armed Group (Ukraine) (2019 - 2019) Russia

2.75 Rwanda

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Rwanda ALIR: Army for the Liber- Civilians (Rwanda) CNDP: National Congress (1994-) ation of Rwanda for the Defence of the Peo- ple

147 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Interahamwe Militia FDLR: Democratic Forces Civilians (Burundi) Former Military Forces of for the Liberation of Rwanda (1973-1994) Rwanda LDF: Local Defence Force Hutu Rebels Civilians (Democratic Re- Hutu Ethnic Militia public of Congo) (Rwanda) M23: March 23 Movement Militia (Col. Norbert Civilians (International) Islamist Militia (Rwanda) Ndererimana) Military Forces of Rwanda Civilians (Liberia) Military Forces of Burundi (1994-) (1996-2005) Police Forces of Rwanda Military Forces of Demo- (1994-) cratic Republic of Congo (2001-) RCD-Goma: Rally for MONUSCO: United Na- Congolese Democracy tions Organization Stabi- (Goma) lization Mission in Demo- cratic Republic of Congo (2010-) Mutiny of Military Forces of Burundi (2005-) Mutiny of Military Forces of Democratic Republic of Congo (2001-) Protesters (Burundi) Protesters (Rwanda) Rioters (Democratic Re- public of Congo) Rioters (Rwanda) Tutsi Ethnic Militia (Rwanda) Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Burundi) Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Rwanda) Vigilante Militia (Rwanda)

2.76 Saudi Arabia

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Saudi Ara- AQAP: Al Qaeda in the Civilians (International) Military Forces of Sudan bia (2015-) Arabian Peninsula (1989-) Military Forces of Saudi Islamic State (Saudi Ara- Civilians (Iran) Military Forces of Yemen Arabia (2015-) bia) (2016-) Supreme Political Council Military Forces of United Protesters (Saudi Arabia) Civilians (Saudi Arabia) Shiite Muslim Militia Arab Emirates (2004-) (Saudi Arabia)

148 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Police Forces of Saudi Ara- Civilians (Yemen) Unidentiﬁed Armed Group bia (2015-) (Saudi Arabia) UN: United Nations

2.77 Sudan

Government Challenger Civilian Other ADF-NALU: Allied Demo- Al-Takﬁr wal Hijrah Civilians (Chad) Abala Ethnic Militia (Su- cratic Forces-National dan) Army for the Liberation of Uganda Al-Haq Party Arrow Boys Militia Civilians (Democratic Re- Abu Darak Clan Militia public of Congo) (Sudan) ANCD: National Alliance Byel Militia Civilians (Egypt) Agaar Ethnic Militia (Su- for Change and Democracy dan) BC: Beja Congress Darfur Joint Resistance Civilians (Eritrea) Al-Falata Ethnic Militia Forces (Sudan) DUP-UM: Democratic Darfur Liberation Front Civilians (Ethiopia) Al-Gamir Ethnic Militia Unionist Party-Unionist (Sudan) Movement Government of Sudan DPFA: Democratic Popu- Civilians (International) Al-Rashiydah Ethnic Mili- (1989-) lar Front Army tia (Sudan) Janjaweed Eastern Front Civilians (Kenya) Al-Ruayah Ethnic Militia (Sudan) JEM-Bashar: Justice Galweng Militia Civilians (Libya) Al-Saada Ethnic Militia and Equality Movement (Sudan) (Bashar Faction) JEM-PF: Justice and Gatluak Gai Rebel Group Civilians (Nigeria) Al Qaeda Equality Movement (Peace Faction) Military Forces of Chad George Athor Deng Rebel Civilians (Rwanda) Al Taaysha Ethnic Militia (1990-) Group (Sudan) Military Forces of Sudan Gwang Rebel Group Civilians (South Sudan) Al Ziyud Ethnic Militia (1989-) (Sudan) Military Forces of Sudan Hamza Combat Group Civilians (Sudan) Ambororo Ethnic Militia (1989-) Abu Tira Against Atheism and (Sudan) Heresy Military Forces of Sudan JEM-Sudan: Justice and Civilians (Uganda) AMIS: African Union Mis- (1989-) Border Guards Equality Movement (Su- sion in Sudan (2004-2007) dan Faction) Military Forces of Su- JEM-UFN: Justice and Civilians (Zambia) Annadif Communal Militia dan (1989-) Military Equality Movement (Unity (Sudan) Intelligence Service Faction Nur) Militia (Pro-Government) JEM: Justice and Equality Ansar Dine Movement

149 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other NCF: National Consensus Kassala Martyr Militia Apuk Ethnic Militia (Su- Forces dan) NCP: National Congress LJM: Liberation and Jus- Arab Ethnic Militia Party tice Movement (Chad) NDA: National Democratic Marginalised Combat Arab Ethnic Militia (Su- Alliance Movement dan) NIF: National Islamic Militia (Asbad Mohamed Arab Spring Forces Front Khater) NLJM: National Libera- Militia (Gabriel Tang) Artala Communal Militia tion and Justice Movement (Sudan) NUP: National Umma Militia (Matiep) Awlad Arafa Misseriya Party Ethnic Militia (Sudan) PCP: Popular Congress Militia (Mohamed Said Awlad Najaa Ethnic Mili- Party Atom) tia (Sudan) PNC: Popular National Militia (Mohamed Sayed Awlad Omran Ethnic Mili- Congress Party Ahmed) tia (Sudan) Police Forces of Sudan Militia (Musa Hilal) Awlad Rashdan Clan Mili- (1989-) tia (Sudan) Police Forces of Sudan Militia (Osman Mohamed Awlad Saror Misseriya (1989-) National Intelli- Ibrahim) Ethnic Militia (Sudan) gence and Security Services Police Forces of Sudan Militia (Students) Awlad Shibek Misseriya (1989-) University Police Ethnic Militia (Sudan) RSF: Rapid Support Militia (Yousef Al Saer) Awlad Umran Misseriya Forces Ethnic Militia (Sudan) UFR: Union of Forces for Minni Minawi Militia Ayeul Ethnic Militia (Su- Resistance dan) UNRF II: Uganda National NMRD: National Move- Baggara-Murahaleen Eth- Rescue Front II ment for Reform and De- nic Militia (Sudan) velopment NRF: National Redemp- Bali Ethnic Militia (Su- tion Front dan) NSB: New Sudan Brigade Bani Hussein Ethnic Mili- tia (Sudan) Olonyi Rebel Group Bari Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) ONLA: Ogaden National Barno Ethnic Militia (Su- Liberation Army dan) Oppressed Soldiers Rebel Bashmurqa Ethnic Militia Group (Sudan) PDF: Popular Defence Bedouin Ethnic Militia Forces (Sudan) Peoples Struggle Move- Beni Amir Ethnic Militia ment (Sudan) Philip Bepan Rebel Group Beni Halba Ethnic Militia (Sudan)

150 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Popular Front of Sudan Beni Omran Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Protesters (Sudan) Berti Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) Rioters (Sudan) Birgid Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) SAF: Sudan Alliance Bisheshab Ethnic Militia Forces (Sudan) SARC: Sudanese Awaken- Bul Ethnic Militia (Sudan) ing Revolutionary Council Shahama Movement Bul Nuer Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Shifta Burgo Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) SLA: Sudan Liberation Cheeria Communal Militia Army (Sudan) SLF: Sudan Liberation Cueibet Communal Militia Forces (Sudan) SLM/A-FW: Sudan Lib- Dacuek Ethnic Militia (Su- eration Movement/Army- dan) Free Will SLM/A-General Leader- Dajo Communal Militia ship: Sudan Liberation (Sudan) Movement/Army (General Leadership Faction) SLM/A-Karbino: Sudan Dar Naila Ethnic Militia Liberation Movemen- (Sudan) t/Army (Karbino Faction) SLM/A-Minnawi: Sudan Darfur Communal Militia Liberation Movemen- (Sudan) t/Army (Minnawi Faction) SLM/A-Nur: Sudan Lib- Dinka Agar Ethnic Militia eration Movement/Army (Sudan) (Abdul Wahid al-Nur Faction) SLM/A-Shaﬁ: Sudan Lib- Dinka Aguok Ethnic Mili- eration Movement/Army tia (Sudan) (Ahmed Abdel Shaﬁ Faction) SLM/A-SR: Sudan Lib- Dinka Ethnic Militia (Su- eration Movement/Army- dan) Second Revolution SLM/A-Unity: Sudan Lib- Dinka Joth Ethnic Militia eration Movement/Army (Sudan) (Unity Faction)

151 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other SLM/A-Wing of Peace: Dinka Luach Ethnic Militia Sudan Liberation Move- (Sudan) ment/Army (Wing of Peace Faction) SLM/A: Sudan Liberation Dinka Ngok Ethnic Militia Movement/Army (South Sudan) SLMJ: Sudan Liberation Dinka Ngok Ethnic Militia Movement for Justice (Sudan) SPDF: Sudan Peoples Dinka Nyang Ethnic Mili- Democratic Front tia (Sudan) SPF: Sudan Peoples Front Dinka Pakam Ethnic Mili- tia (Sudan) SPLA/M-Bahr al Ghazal: Dinka Rek Ethnic Militia Sudanese Peoples Liber- (Sudan) ation Army/Movement (Bahr al Ghazal Faction) SPLA/M-Gadet: Sudanese Dodoth Ethnic Militia Peoples Liberation Army (Uganda) (Gadet Faction) SPLA/M-In Opposition: El-Jararha Ethnic Militia Sudanese Peoples Libera- (Sudan) tion Army/Movement-In Opposition SPLA/M-Joint Integrated El Bazaa Ethnic Militia Units: Sudanese Peoples (Sudan) Liberation Army/Move- ment Joint Integrated Units SPLA/M-United: Su- El Salam Communal Mili- danese Peoples Liberation tia (Sudan) Army/Movement (United Faction) SPLA/M: Sudanese El Wadi Communal Militia Peoples Liberation Army/- (Sudan) Movement SPLF: Sudan Peoples Lib- Equatoria Defence Force eration Front SPLM-DC: Sudanese Peo- EUFOR Chad/CAR: Mil- ples Liberation Movement itary Operation in East- (Democratic Change) ern Chad and North East- ern Central African Repub- lic (2008-2009) SPLM-N: Sudan Peoples Faya Communal Militia Liberation Movement (Sudan) (North)

152 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other SPLM-Peace: Sudanese Fellata Ethnic Militia (Su- Peoples Liberation Army/- dan) Movement (Peace Faction) SRF: Sudan Revolutionary Former Military Forces of Front South Sudan (2011-) SSDF-Byel: South Sudan Former SPLA/M: Su- Defence Forces (Byel Fac- danese Peoples Liberation tion) Army/Movement SSDF-Machar: South Freedom Eagles of Africa Sudan Defence Forces (Machar Faction) SSDF-United: South Fur Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Sudan Defence Forces (United) SSDF: South Sudan De- Gariya Communal Militia fence Forces (Sudan) SSIA: Southern Sudan Gholfan Ethnic Militia Independence Army/- (Sudan) Movement SSLM/A: South Sudan Gimir Ethnic Militia (Su- Liberation Movemen- dan) t/Army SSUA-Gadet: Southern Gok Ethnic Militia (Su- Sudan United Army dan) (Gadet Faction) SSUA: Southern Sudan Habbaniyah Ethnic Militia United Army (Sudan) Sudanese Al-Sahwa Revo- Hamar Ethnic Group (Su- lutionary Council dan) Tigray Peoples Revolution- Hamar Ethnic Militia (Su- ary Liberation Front dan) TPDM: Tigray Peoples Haskanita Communal Mili- Democratic Movement tia (Sudan) UJEM: United Justice and Hawaweer Ethnic Militia Equality Movement (Sudan) ULA: Ummah Liberation Hawazmah Ethnic Militia Army (Sudan) UPF: United Popular Hotiya-Baggara Ethnic Front Militia (Somalia) URFF: United Revolution- IM: Islamic Movement ary Forces Front Vigilante Militia (Sudan) Islamic Army of South Su- dan Yau Yau Rebels Islamist Militia (Sudan) Yusuf al-Sayyid Militia Jamainiya Hamar Ethnic Militia (Sudan)

153 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Jamouiya Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Jie Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Jikany Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) Jul-bel Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) Jur Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Kababeesh Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Kabkabiya Communal Group (Sudan) Kanjara Communal Militia (Sudan) Karamajong Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Khazam Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Kutum Communal Militia (Sudan) Labado Communal Militia (Sudan) Lango Communal Militia (Sudan) Leek Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) Lou Nuer Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Lou Nuer Ethnic Militia (Sudan) LRA: Lords Resistance Army Luach Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) Luach Jang Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Maaliya Ethnic Group (Su- dan) Maaliya Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Mahadi Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) Mahariya Ethnic Militia (Sudan)

154 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Mararit Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) Masalit Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) Messalit Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Military Forces of Demo- cratic Republic of Congo / Zaire (1965-1997) Military Forces of Eritrea (1993-) Military Forces of Ethiopia (1991-) Military Forces of Iran Military Forces of Israel Military Forces of Kenya (2002-2013) Military Forces of Libya (2012-2014) Military Forces of South Sudan (2011-) Military Forces of Southern Sudan (2005-2011) Military Forces of Uganda (1986-) Military Forces of United States Military Forces of Zambia (2008-2011) Militia (Refugees) Misseriya Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Misseriya Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Moru Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) Muhajiriye Communal Militia (Sudan) Mundari Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Murahaleen Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Murle Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia)

155 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Murle Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Murle Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) Muslim Militia (Sudan) Mutiny of Military Forces of South Sudan (2011-) Mvollo Communal Militia (Sudan) Myolo Communal Militia (Sudan) Najah Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) Narti Communal Militia (Sudan) Newiba-Aballa Ethnic Militia (Sudan) NFA: National Forces Al- liance NLA: National Liberation Army Norab Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) Nuba Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) Nuer Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Nuer Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) Nuer Ethnic Militia al- Nowair (Sudan) Nuwayba Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Oromo Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Police Forces of South Su- dan (2011-) Police Forces of Southern Sudan (2005-2011) Prison Guards (Sudan) Private Security Forces (South Sudan) Private Security Forces (Sudan)

156 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Private Security Forces (Sudan) Protesters (Egypt) Protesters (Ethiopia) Protesters (South Sudan) Protesters (Uganda) Radom Communal Militia (Sudan) Rashaida Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Rioters (Eritrea) Rioters (South Sudan) Rizaygat Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Rumbek Communal Mili- tia (Sudan) Sabeh Hamar Ethnic Mili- tia (Sudan) Salamat Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Shilluk Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) Sualba Communal Militia (Sudan) Sunta Communal Militia (Chad) Tama Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) Tandal Communal Militia (Sudan) Tepeth Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) Terjem Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) Tigi Communal Militia (Sudan) Tigray Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Toposa Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) Tullus Communal Militia (Sudan) Tungur Ethnic Militia (Su- dan)

157 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Turkana Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Turkana Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Tutsi Ethnic Militia (Democratic Republic of Congo) UFDD: Union of Forces for Democracy and Develop- ment Um Burma Communal Militia (Sudan) Um Kutkout Communal Militia (Sudan) UN: United Nations UNAMID: United Nation- s/African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur (2007- ) Unidentified Armed Group (Central African Republic) Unidentified Armed Group (Chad) Unidentified Armed Group (Egypt) Unidentified Armed Group (Eritrea) Unidentified Armed Group (Ethiopia) Unidentified Armed Group (International) Unidentified Armed Group (Kenya) Unidentified Armed Group (Libya) Unidentified Armed Group (Mali) Unidentified Armed Group (South Sudan) Unidentified Armed Group (Sudan) Unidentified Communal Militia (South Sudan) Unidentified Communal Militia (Sudan)

158 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unidentified Communal MIlitia (Sudan) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Sudan) UNISFA: United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (2011-) UNMIS: United Nations Mission in Sudan (2005- 2011) Western Equatoria Com- munity Defence Force WNBF: West Nile Bank Front Yirol Communal Militia (Sudan) Yirol West Communal Militia (Sudan) Zaghawa Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Zalingei Communal Militia (Sudan) Zande Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) Ziyadiyah Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Zurug Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) Government of South Su- dan (2011-) Military Forces of Southern Sudan (2005-2011) Joint Integrated Units

2.78 Senegal

Government Challenger Civilian Other APR: Alliance for the Re- MFDC: Movement of Civilians (Senegal) Fanaye Communal Militia public Democratic Forces of (Senegal) Casamance CS: Socialist Convergence Military Forces of Guinea- Civilians (Chad) Fulani Ethnic Militia Party Bissau (2005-2009) (Senegal)

159 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Senegal Mouride Brotherhood Mili- Civilians (International) Government of Mali (2002- (2000-2012) tia 2012) Government of Senegal Civilians (Liberia) Kharakhena Communal (2012-) Militia (Senegal) Military Forces of Senegal Civilians (Nigeria) Kidira Ethnic Militia (1981-2000) (Senegal) Military Forces of Senegal Civilians (South Africa) Malinke Ethnic Militia (2000-2012) (Senegal) Military Forces of Senegal Medina Beye Communal (2012-) Militia (Senegal) Military Forces of Senegal Military Forces of France (2012-) Gendarmerie Opposition Parties Ndiobene Galo Communal Militia (Senegal) PDS: Senegalese Demo- Prison Guards (Senegal) cratic Party Police Forces of Senegal Private Security Forces (1981-2000) (Senegal) Police Forces of Senegal Protesters (Guinea-Bissau) (2000-2012) Police Forces of Senegal Protesters (Mauritania) (2012-) Senegalese Democratic Protesters (Republic of Party Congo) Socialist Party Protesters (Senegal) Rioters (Mauritania) Rioters (Nigeria) Rioters (Senegal) Sebbes Ethnic Militia (Senegal) Torodo Ethnic Militia (Senegal) Unidentified Armed Group (Burundi) Unidentified Armed Group (Guinea-Bissau) Unidentified Armed Group (Mauritania) Unidentified Armed Group (Senegal) Unidentified Communal Militia (Guinea-Bissau) Unidentified Communal Militia (Senegal) Vigilante Militia (Senegal)

160 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Wolof Ethnic Militia (Sene- gal)

2.79 Sierra Leone

Government Challenger Civilian Other APC: All Peoples Congress AFRC: Armed Forces Rev- Civilians (Sierra Leone) Christian Militia (Sierra olutionary Council (Ad- Leone) vance Team 1) CDF: Civil Defence Forces AFRC: Armed Forces Rev- Civilians (International) ECOMOG: Economic olutionary Council (Ad- Community of West vance Team 2) African States Monitoring Group Donsos Militia-CDF Unit AFRC: Armed Forces Rev- Former AFRC: Armed (Sierra Leone) olutionary Council (Ad- Forces Revolutionary vance Teams) Council Government of Sierra AFRC: Armed Forces Rev- Fulani Ethnic Militia Leone (1998-2007) olutionary Council (Sierra Leone) Government of Sierra AFRC: Armed Forces Rev- Gbethis Ethnic Militia Leone (2007-) olutionary Council (JPK, (Sierra Leone) 55 and Bazzy Faction) Kamajor Militia (CDF AFRC: Armed Forces Rev- Gbethis Militia (CDF Unit) olutionary Council (SAJ Unit) Faction) Military Forces of Sierra AFRC: Armed Forces Rev- Kakula Militia Leone (1996-1997) olutionary Council (Super- man Faction) Military Forces of Sierra Alikalia Militia Kamajor Militia Leone (1997-1998) Military Forces of Sierra I-RUF: Revolutionary Kamara Communal Militia Leone (1998-2007) United Front (Superman (Sierra Leone) Faction) Military Forces of Sierra RUF: Revolutionary Kulanakor Militia Leone (2007-) United Front NCDDR: National Com- RUF: Revolutionary LURD: Liberians United mission for Disarmament, United Front (Makeni for Reconciliation and Demobilization and Rein- Faction) Democracy gration PMDC: Peoples Movement RUF: Revolutionary Madingo Ethnic Militia for Democratic Change United Front (Superman (Sierra Leone) Faction) Police Forces of Sierra West Side Boys Militia Malinke Ethnic Militia Leone (1998-2007) (Sierra Leone) Police Forces of Sierra Military Forces of Guinea Leone (2007-) (1984-2008)

161 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other SLPP: Sierra Leone Peo- Military Forces of Liberia ples Party (1997-2003) ULIMO: United Liberation Military Forces of Nigeria Movement of Liberia for (1993-1999) Democracy Military Forces of Nigeria (1999-2015) Military Forces of United Kingdom Militia (Superman Fac- tion) MILOBS: Military Ob- servers Section (United Kingdom) Nogobabulum Chieftaincy Militia (Sierra Leone) OBHS: Organized Body of Hunters Society Poro Sect Militia (Sierra Leone) Protesters (Guinea) Protesters (Sierra Leone) Red Flag Movement Rioters (Liberia) Rioters (Sierra Leone) Susa Ethnic Militia (Sierra Leone) Tamaboros Ethnic Militia (Sierra Leone) UNAMSIL: United Na- tions Mission in Sierra Leone (1999-2005) Unidentified Armed Group (Guinea) Unidentified Armed Group (Sierra Leone) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Sierra Leone) Vigilante Militia (Guinea) Vigilante Militia (Sierra Leone) West Side Boys Militia (Demobilized) Yibaya Militia

162 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.80 Somalia

Government Challenger Civilian Other AMISOM: African Union AIAI: Al-Itihad Al-Islamia Civilians (Egypt) Aasi Clan Militia (Soma- Mission in Somalia (2007-) lia) (Burundi) AMISOM: African Union Al-Muhaajiriin Civilians (Ethiopia) Abasguul Clan Militia (So- Mission in Somalia (2007-) malia) (Djibouti) AMISOM: African Union Al Shabaab Civilians (International) Abdalla-Agonyar Sub-Clan Mission in Somalia (2007-) Militia (Somalia) (Ethiopia) AMISOM: African Union ARPCT: Alliance for the Civilians (Kenya) Abdalla-Arab Sub-Clan Mission in Somalia (2007-) Restoration of Peace and Militia (Somalia) Counter-Terrorism AMISOM: African Union ARS-Asmara: Alliance for Civilians (Libya) Abdalla-Arone Sub-Clan Mission in Somalia (2007-) Re-Liberation of Somalia- Militia (Somalia) (Kenya) Asmara AMISOM: African Union ARS-Djibouti: Alliance for Civilians (Somalia) Abdalla-Galmaah Sub- Mission in Somalia (2007-) Re-Liberation of Somalia- Clan Militia (Somalia) (Sierra Leone) Djibouti AMISOM: African Union ASWJ-Sufa: Ahlu Sunna Civilians (South Africa) Abdalla Clan Militia (So- Mission in Somalia (2007-) Wal Jamaa (Sufa Faction) malia) (Uganda) CCIC: Consultative Coun- ASWJ: Ahlu Sunna Wal Civilians (Tanzania) Abdulkadir Mumin Militia cil of Islamic Courts Jamaa COSIC: Council of Somali Himan and Heeb Adminis- Abgal-Abdalla Arone Sub- Islamic Courts tration Militia Clan Militia (Somalia) Dalsan Party Militia Hiran Administration Mili- Abgal-Agonyar Sub-Clan tia Militia (Somalia) Digil Salvation Army ICU-Asmara: Islamic Abgal-Celi Sub-Clan Mili- Courts Union-Asmara tia (Somalia) EU NAVFOR: European ICU: Islamic Courts Union Abgal-Daud Clan Militia Union Naval Force Somalia (Somalia) (2008-) Government of Puntland Isiolo Militia Abgal-Hawiye Sub-Clan (1998-) Militia (Somalia) Government of Somalia Islamist Militia (Somalia) Abgal-Kabale Sub-Clan (2004-2012) Militia (Somalia) Government of Somalia Jowhar Administration Abgal-Mohamed Muse (2012-) Militia Sub-Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Kulmiye Party JVA: Juba Valley Alliance Abgal-Reer Matan Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Marine Police Forces of Khatumo Regional Militia Abgal-Wabudhan- Puntland (1998-) (Somalia) Mohamed Muse Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia)

163 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other MDF: Medina District Laantabur Militia (Soma- Abgal-Warsangeli Sub- Forces lia) Clan Militia (Somalia) Military Forces of Djibouti Macaswiley Militia Abgal Clan Militia (Soma- (1999-) lia) Military Forces of Ethiopia Merka City Militia Absame Clan Militia (So- (1991-) malia) Military Forces of France Middle Shabelle Adminis- Abtisame Clan Militia (So- tration Militia malia) Military Forces of Juba- Militia (Abdi Awale Qeyb- Adde Mussa Communal land (2013-) did) Militia (Somalia) Military Forces of Kenya Militia (Abdi Igaal) Afmadow Communal Mili- (2002-2013) tia (Somalia) Military Forces of Kenya Militia (Abdi Jiinow) Agonyar Clan Militia (So- (2002-2013) General Ser- malia) vice Unit Military Forces of Kenya Militia (Abdiqasim Salad Agoon Clan Militia (Soma- (2013-) Hasan) lia) Military Forces of Punt- Militia (Abdirahman Fa- Ajuran-Hawiye Sub-Clan land (1998-) (Abdi Yare roole) Militia (Somalia) Faction) Military Forces of Punt- Militia (Abdirahman Xi- Al-Takﬁr wal Hijrah land (1998-) (Galan Fac- dig) tion) Military Forces of Punt- Militia (Abdirashid Al Qaeda land (1998-) Ilgeyte) Military Forces of Punt- Militia (Abdul Kadir Ali Jibrail Clan Militia (So- land (1998-) (Muhyidin Beebe) malia) Faction) Military Forces of Punt- Militia (Abdullahi Abokor) Ali Saleban Clan Militia land (1998-) Darawish (Somalia) Military Forces of Punt- Militia (Abdullahi Nageye) Aloﬁ Clan Militia (Soma- land (1998-) Intelligence lia) Agency Military Forces of Punt- Militia (Abubakar) Arab Ethnic Militia (So- land (1998-) Presidential malia) Security Unit Military Forces of Somalia Militia (Abukar Adani) Arab Salah Clan Militia (1998-2000) (Somalia) Military Forces of Somalia Militia (Adan Kheir) Auliyan Clan Militia (So- (2000-2004) malia) Military Forces of Somalia Militia (Adan Saransoor) Aw Barkan Sub-Clan Mili- (2004-2012) (Galkayo Ad- tia (Somalia) ministration) Military Forces of Soma- Militia (Adde Nunoow) Aw Masuse Sub-Clan Mili- lia (2004-2012) (Galmudug tia (Somalia) Administration)

164 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Military Forces of Somalia Militia (Adem Garaso) Awkutub Sheqaa-Hawiye (2004-2012) Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Military Forces of Soma- Militia (Ahmed Adan) Awramale Clan Militia lia (2004-2012) Presiden- (Somalia) tial Security Unit Military Forces of Soma- Militia (Ahmed Garash) Ayr-Ayanle Sub-Clan Mili- lia (2012-) (Ahmed Garuun tia (Ethiopia) Faction) Military Forces of Somalia Militia (Ahmed Godane) Ayr-Bilaal Sub-Clan Mili- (2012-) (Fargeeti Faction) tia (Somalia) Military Forces of Somalia Militia (Ahmed Hassan Ayr-Cabsiiye Sub-Clan (2012-) Cadow Daci) Militia (Somalia) Military Forces of Soma- Militia (Ahmed Karash) Ayr-Habanji Sub-Clan liland (1991-) Militia (Somalia) Military Forces of the Militia (Ahmed Madoobe) Ayr-Hawiye Sub-Clan United States Militia (Somalia) Military Forces of United Militia (Ali Gesey) Ayr-Yabar Dhowrakece Kingdom Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Pro-Government) Militia (Ali Gurase) Ayr Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Puntland Minister Militia (Barre Adan Shire Baadiade Sub-Clan Militia of Fisheries) Hiraale) (Somalia) Mudug Authority Militia Militia (Bashir Raage) Bahararsame Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) NVCG: National Volunteer Militia (Beledweyne Police Baidoa Communal Militia Coast Guard Commander) (Somalia) Personal Guards of Ba- Militia (Bile Mohamed Banadiri Clan Militia (So- nadir Regions Deputy Gov- Yusuf) malia) ernor for Security Police Forces of Jubaland Militia (Col. Abdi Igaal) Bantu-Shiidle-Reer Sub- (2013-) Clan Militia (Somalia) Police Forces of Puntland Militia (Col. Mohamed Bantu Clan Militia (Soma- (1998-) Ado Ali) lia) Police Forces of Somalia Militia (Cukash) Barre-Hirale Sub-Clan (1998-2000) Militia (Somalia) Police Forces of Somalia Militia (Deputy District Barre Clan Militia (Soma- (2000-2004) Commissioner of Kismayo) lia) Police Forces of Somalia Militia (Director of Ba- Bartire Clan Militia (So- (2004-2012) nadir Hospital) malia) Police Forces of Somalia Militia (District Commis- Begedi Clan Militia (Soma- (2004-2012) Galmudug Ad- sioner of Cabdulcasiis) lia) ministration Police Forces of Soma- Militia (District Commis- Beidyahan-Majeerteen lia (2004-2012) Presiden- sioner of Kismayo) Sub-Clan Militia (Soma- tial Security Unit lia) Police Forces of Somalia Militia (District Commis- Biyamal Clan Militia (So- (2012-) sioner of Medina) malia)

165 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Police Forces of Somaliland Militia (District Commis- Biyo-Adde Clan Militia (1991-) sioner of Wadajir) (Somalia) UDUB: United Peoples Militia (District Commis- Boqol Hore Clan Militia Democratic Party sioner) (Somalia) Umadda Party Militia Militia (Farah Garad) Burale Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Wadani Party Militia (So- Militia (Gablax) Cali Clan Militia (Somalia) malia) Wadani Somaliland Na- Militia (Gen. Indha Adde) Cidagale Clan Militia (So- tional Party malia) WDF: Wardhigley District Militia (Governor of Lower Cidagale Habar Yoonis Forces Shabelle) Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) XWDF: Xamar Weyne Militia (Haji Bakin) Dabarre-Digil Sub-Clan District Forces Militia (Somalia) Military Forces of United Militia (Haybe Roble Nur) Dabarre Clan Militia (So- States malia) Militia (Anti-Al Shabaab) Militia (Hiif Ali Taar) Dahab-Shill Militia Militia (Ibrahim Hassan Dalshishle Sub-Clan Mili- Kishbur) tia (Somalia) Militia (Iman Muhammad Darood-Amaanle Sub-Clan Ali) Militia (Somalia) Militia (Jama Geyre) Darood-Dashiishe Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Kayse Abdi Yusuf) Darood-Dhulbahante Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Maalin Adan) Darood-Jilible Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Madobe Nunow) Darood-Leelkayse Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Minister of Reli- Darood-Majeerteen-Omar gious Aﬀairs) Mahmud Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Minister Sha- Darood-Majeerteen Sub- tiguduud) Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Minister Yalahow) Darood-Marehan Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Mohamed Abdi Darood-Warsangeli Sub- Hussein) Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Mohamed Dhere) Darood Clan Militia (So- malia) Militia (Mohamed Hussein Dashiishe Clan Militia (So- Adow) malia) Militia (Mohamed Ibrahim Daud Clan Militia (Soma- Habsade) lia) Militia (Mohamed Qanyare Dharkenley Communal Afrah) Militia (Somalia)

166 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Militia (Mohamed Said Dhulbahante-Ahmed Atom) Garad Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Mohamud Indho Dhulbahante-Ali Geri Sub- Sheel) Clan Group (Somalia) Militia (Muhammad Abdi Dhulbahante-Ali Geri Sub- ”Garjeh” Sabriye) Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Musa Abkar) Dhulbahante-Awrtable Sub-Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Militia (Muse Sudi Yala- Dhulbahante-Baabdalle how) Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Nat. Sec. Minis- Dhulbahante-Baharsame ter) Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Omar Jess) Dhulbahante-Barkad Sub- Clan Group (Somalia) Militia (Pro-SouthWest 3) Dhulbahante-Barkad Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Pro-SouthWest 6) Dhulbahante-Bihina-Farah Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Puntland) Dhulbahante-Cigaal Nale- eye Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Militia (Reef Kalaf) Dhulbahante-Cigaale Cali Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Reer Hareed) Dhulbahante-Darood Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Sharif Hassan) Dhulbahante-Elmi Naale- eye Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Militia (Shatigadud) Dhulbahante-Farah Ali Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Sheik Ahmed Jarr) Dhulbahante-Farah Garaad Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Sheikh Adan Dhulbahante-Hassan Ugas Madobe) Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Sheikh Sharif Po- Dhulbahante-Hayag Sub- litical) Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Street Traders) Dhulbahante-Jama Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Yusuf Ahmed Ha- Dhulbahante-Jamac gar) Siyaad Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia)

167 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Muhyadin Gacamey Mili- Dhulbahante-Mohamoud tia Ugaadhyahan Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Mutiny Galmudug Admin- Dhulbahante-Naleeye istration Militia Ahmed Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Mutiny of Military Forces Dhulbahante-Qayaad Sub- of Somalia (2004-2012) Clan Militia (Somalia) Mutiny of Military Forces Dhulbahante-Reer Abokor of Somalia (2012-) Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Mutiny of Military Forces Dhulbahante-Reer Hagar of Somaliland (1991-) Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) MYM: Mujahideen Youth Dhulbahante-Samokaab Movement Ali Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) OLF: Oromo Liberation Dhulbahante-Ugaadyahan Front Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) ONLA: Ogaden National Dhulbahante-Ugaasyo Liberation Army Sub-Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Pirates (Somalia) Dhulbahante-Wacays Aden Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) PRM: Popular Resistance Dhulbahante Clan Militia Movement in the Land of (Somalia) the Two Migrations Protesters (Somalia) Dhusamareb Communal Militia (Somalia) Raskamboni Brigade Digil-Bagari Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Rioters (Somalia) Digil-Garre Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) RRA: Rahanweyn Resis- Digil Clan Militia (Soma- tance Army lia) Saalax Militia Dir-Ciise Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Salahley Council Militia Dir-Faqi Muhamed Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Saransoor Militia Dir-Faqi Umar Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Shirkoole Islamic Court Dir-Gadabuursi Sub-Clan Militia Militia (Somalia) SNA: Somali National Al- Dir-Gadsan Sub-Clan Mili- liance tia (Somalia) SNF: Somali National Dir-Qubeys Sub-Clan Mili- Front tia (Somalia)

168 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other SPM: Somali Patriotic Dir Clan Militia (Somalia) Movement SRRC: Somalia Recon- Dubeys Clan Militia (So- ciliation and Restoration malia) Council SSA: Somali Salvation Al- Duduble Clan Militia (So- liance malia) SSC: Sool, Sanaag and Duulane Clan Militia (So- Cayn Militia malia) SSIC: Somali Supreme Is- Eidegalla Clan Militia (So- lamic Courts Council malia) SVA: Shabelle Valley Al- Elay Clan Militia (Soma- liance lia) SVS: Shabelle Valley State Eli Clan Militia (Somalia) Forces Timaweyn Militia Elidhere Clan Militia (So- malia) USC-SNA Atto: United Essa Clan Militia (Soma- Somali Congress-Somali lia) National Alliance (Atto Faction) Vigilante Militia (Somalia) Former COSIC: Former Council of Somali Islamic Courts Westland State Militia (So- Former ICU: Former Is- malia) lamic Courts Union HI: Hizbul Islam Former Lower Shabelle Ad- ministration Militia Former Middle Shabelle Administration Militia Former Military Forces of Somalia (2004-2012) Gaaljecel-Hadame Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Gaaljecel-Hawiye Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Gaaljecel Clan Militia (So- malia) Gadabuursi Clan Militia (Somalia) Gadabuursi Ethnic Militia (Somalia) Gadsan Clan Militia (So- malia) Galgala Communal Militia (Somalia)

169 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Galmah Clan Militia (So- malia) Galmudug Administration Militia Gandarshe Communal Militia Garaad-Gullied Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Garre Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Garwale Clan Militia (So- malia) Geelidle Clan Militia (So- malia) Geledle-Rahanweyn Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Geledle Clan Militia (So- malia) Habar Afan Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Habar Awal-Isa Muse-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Awal-Isa Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Awal-Sacad Muse- Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Basanbuur Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Gedir-Ayanle Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Gedir-Ayr Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Gedir-Cabsiye Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Gedir-Duduble Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Gedir-Eyr Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Gedir-Hawiye Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Gedir-Saad-Saad- Reer-Jalaf Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Gedir-Saad Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia)

170 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Habar Gedir-Saleban Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Gedir Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Iji Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Abdala Arab Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Aduruxmiin Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Ahmed Abokor Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Ahmed Farah Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Ali Bare Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Baho Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Bare Cabdulle Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Basanbuur Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Bicido Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Biciidle Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Faahiye Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Iidle Biciide Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Imraan Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Isaq Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Muse Abokor Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Omar Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Reer Biniin Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Reer Yoonis Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Roobsuge Sub-Clan Militia (Soma- lia)

171 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Habar Jeclo-Soolomadaw Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Yeesif Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Nugal Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Warsame Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Yoonis-Abdala Hamud Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Yoonis-Cabdalle Xamud Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Yoonis- Dhulbahante Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Yoonis-Isaq Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Yoonis-Ismail Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Yoonis-Jibriil Turwa Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Yoonis-Maxamud Hamud Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Yoonis-Mohamud Hamud Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Yoonis-Muse Carre Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Yoonis-Muse Ismail Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Yoonis-Muse Turwa Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Yoonis-Reer Wayd Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Yoonis-Sacad Yoo- nis Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Habar Yoonis Clan Militia (Somalia)

172 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Habsade Clan Militia (So- malia) Hadame Clan Militia (So- malia) Hager Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Harin Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Harti-Abgal Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Harti-Kaski Qabe Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Harti-Leelkayse Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Harti-Warsangeli Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Harti Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Hawadle-Aadan Warsame Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Hawadle-Agoon Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Hawadle-Hawiye Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Hawadle Clan Militia (So- malia) Hawiye-Abgal-Mohamed Muse Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Hawiye-Cad Sub-Clan Clan Militia (Somalia) Hawiye-Ceyr Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Hawiye-Duduble Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Hawiye-Fiqishini Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Hawiye-Habar Gedir-Saad Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Hawiye-Habar Gedir- Saleban Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Hawiye-Muransade Sub-Clan Clan Militia (Somalia)

173 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Hawiye-Saad-Jalaaf Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Hawiye-Sheikhal- Awqudub Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Hawiye Clan Militia (So- malia) Hayaaq Clan Militia (So- malia) Hayga Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Her-Aw-Hassan Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Hororsame Clan Militia (Somalia) Hubeer Clan Militia (So- malia) Isa Mohamud Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Isaq-Bicide Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Isaq-Habar Yoonis-Muse Ismail Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Isaq-Sacadyonis Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Isaq Clan Militia (Somalia) Islamic State (Somalia) Issa Clan Militia (Somalia) Issa Mahmud Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Issa Muse-Abdalla Qoyan Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Issa Muse Clan Militia (So- malia) Issa Rati Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Jabhat al-Islamiya Jalaaf Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Jama Islamiya Jamac Siyaad Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Janbeel Clan Militia (So- malia)

174 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Jareer-Bantu Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Jareer-Shiidle Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Jareer-Weyne-Shiidle Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Jareer-Weyne Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Jareer Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Jejele Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Jido Clan Militia (Somalia) Jiido-Safar Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Jilible Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Leelkayse Clan Militia (So- malia) Leeysan Clan Militia (So- malia) Leysaan-Miriﬂe Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Liyu Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Loobogay-Sheeqaal- Hawiye Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Lugaay-Rahanweyn Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Lugayare Clan Militia (So- malia) Luway Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Macalin-Weyne Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Macalin Clan Militia (So- malia) Madhiban Clan Militia (Somalia) Magabul-Ogaden Commu- nal Militia (Somalia) Mahamous Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Majeerteen-Ali Jibril Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia)

175 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Majeerteen-Ali Saleban- Bicidyahan Clan Militia (Somalia) Majeerteen-Ali Saleban- Colyahan Clan Militia (Somalia) Majeerteen-Ali Saleban Clan Militia (Somalia) Majeerteen-Bicidyahan Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Majeerteen-Dashishe Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Majeerteen-Idig Facle Sub- Clan Militia (Somlia) Majeerteen-Ismail Saleban Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Majeerteen-Issa Mahmud Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Majeerteen-Issa Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Majeerteen-Nuux Ali Ji- brail Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Majeerteen-Omar Mahmud-Khalaf Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Majeerteen-Omar Mah- mud Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Majeerteen-Osman Mahmud-Bah-Yacqub Sub-Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Majeerteen-Osman Mahmud-Warfa-Ali Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Majeerteen-Osman Mah- mud Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Majeerteen-Reer Biciidya- han Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Majeerteen-Umar Mo- hamud Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia)

176 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Majeerteen-Wabeneye Sub-Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Majeerteen-Wadalmuge Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Majeerteen Clan Militia (Somalia) Majeerteen Majeerteen Ugaar-Saleban Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Majeerteen Ugaar-Saleban Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Makane Clan Militia (So- malia) Maqabul-Garre Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Maqabul Clan Militia (So- malia) Marehan-Cili Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Marehan-Dalal Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Marehan-Hawrarsame Sub-Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Marehan-Reer Ahmed Sub-Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Marehan-Reer Dini Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Marehan-Reer Siyad Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Marehan-Siyad Hussein Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Marehan-Wagardhac Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Marehan Clan Militia (Kenya) Marehan Clan Militia (So- malia) Mehri Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Military Forces of Burundi (2005-) Military Forces of Den- mark

177 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Military Forces of Iran Miriﬂe Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Mobleen Clan Militia (So- malia) Mogadishu Communal Militia (Somalia) Mohamed-Muse Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Mohamed Siyaad Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Mohamed Zubeyr Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Murule Clan Militia (So- malia) Muruq-Mail Clan Militia (Somalia) Murusade-Hawiye Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Murusade Clan Militia (So- malia) Musa Abdalla Clan Militia (Somalia) Musa Ismail Clan Militia (Somalia) Mutiny of Muhyadin Gacamey Militia Naleeye Ahmed Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) NDC: Nduma Defence of Congo Ngaar-Saleban Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Nuur-Ahmed Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Ogaden-Awlyahan Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Ogaden-Darood Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Ogaden-Mohamed Zubeyr- Amaadin Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Ogaden-Mohamed Zubeyr- Guled Qalaf Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia)

178 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Ogaden Clan Militia (So- malia) Omar Mahmud-Bah Yuc- qub Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Omar Mahmud- Majeerteen Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Omar Mahmud Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Operation Ocean Shield: NATO Mission in the In- dian Ocean, Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea (2009- 2016) Ormale Clan Militia (So- malia) Oromo Ethnic Militia (So- malia) Osman Mahmud Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Osman Mohamud-Reer Muse Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Police Forces of Ethiopia (1991-) Liyu Division Police Forces of Kenya (2002-2013) Police Forces of Kenya (2013-) Prison Guards (Somalia) Private Security Forces (Somalia) Protesters (Ethiopia) Qubeys Clan Militia (So- malia) Rahanweyn-Elay Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Rahanweyn-Emid Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Rahanweyn-Gabaweyn Sub-Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Rahanweyn-Geelidle Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia)

179 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Rahanweyn-Harin Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Rahanweyn-Hubeer Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Rahanweyn-Jilible Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Rahanweyn-Leeysan- Banaani Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Rahanweyn-Leeysan-Bari Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Rahanweyn-Leeysan Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Rahanweyn-Luwaay Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Rahanweyn-Maalim Weyne Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Rahanweyn-Miriﬂe Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Rahanweyn-Moalim Weyne Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Rahanweyn-Yantar Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Rahanweyn Clan Militia (Somalia) Reer-Adan Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Reer-Biidyahan Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Reer-Dalal Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Reer-Hareed-Jibril Abokor-Ishaq Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Reer-Hareed-Jibril Abokor Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Reer-Hareed Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Reer-Hassan-Darood Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Reer-Hassan Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Reer-Hersi Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia)

180 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Reer-Isaq Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Reer-Khalaf Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Reer-Mahad Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Reer-Mohamud Noor- Gadhbursi Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Reer-Mohamud Noor Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Reer-Nimcaale Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Reer-Noor-Gadabuursi Sub-Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Reer-Noor Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Reer-Omar Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Reer-Shabelle Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Reer-Ugadh Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Reer-Warfa Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Saad-Barkhadle Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Saad-Farale Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Saad-Indhayar Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Saad-Muse Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Saad-Nimcaale Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Saad-Reer-Hilowle Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Saad-Reer-Jalaf Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Saad Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Saahil Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Saalax Communal Militia (Somalia)

181 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Saleban Clan Militia (So- malia) Samane Clan Militia (So- malia) Shabelle Communal Mili- tia (Somalia) Shante Alen Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Sheeqaal Clan Militia (So- malia) Shermoge Clan Militia (So- malia) Shibis Communal Militia (Somalia) Shiidle Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Siwaqron Clan Militia (So- malia) Sogow Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Suleiman-Habar Gedir- Hawiye Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Suleiman-Habar Gedir Clan Militia (Somalia) Suleiman Clan Militia (So- malia) Talha Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Tuni-Digil Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Tuni Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Ugar-Saleban Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Ujeedeen Clan Militia (So- malia) Unidentified Armed Group (Ethiopia) Unidentified Armed Group (International) Unidentified Armed Group (Somalia) Unidentified Clan Militia (Ethiopia)

182 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unidentified Clan Militia (Somalia) Unidentified Communal Militia (Nigeria) Unidentified Communal Militia (Somalia) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Somalia) Vigilante Militia (Nigeria) Wabar Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Wabudan Clan Militia (So- malia) Waesle-Abgal Clan Militia (Somalia) Warsangeli-Dubays Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Warsangeli-Husen Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Warsangeli-Muhumud Sub-Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Warsangeli-Nuux Cumar Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Warsangeli-Reer Fatax Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Warsangeli-Reer Garaad Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Warsangeli-Reer Haji Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Warsangeli-Reer Salah Sub-Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Warsangeli-Reer Yusuf Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Warsangeli Clan Militia (Somalia) Wegerdha Clan Militia (Somalia) Wejis Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Wesle Clan Militia (Soma- lia)

183 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Xabar-Eshe Communal Militia (Somalia) Xamar Jaabjab Communal Militia (Somalia) Xariin-Rahanweyn Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Yantaar Clan Militia (So- malia) Yiintaar Clan Militia (So- malia)

2.81 Serbia

Government Challenger Civilian Other Military Forces of Serbia DS: Democratic Party Civilians (Kosovo) (2018 - Albanian Ethnic Militia (2017-) (2019 - 2019) Ser- (2019 - 2019) Serbia 2019) Serbia (Serbia) (2018 - 2018) Ser- bia bia Police Forces of Serbia Protesters (Bosnia and Civilians (Serbia) (2018 - Private Security Forces (2017-) (2018 - 2019) Ser- Herzegovina) (2018 - 2018) 2019) Serbia (Serbia) (2019 - 2019) bia Serbia Serbia PSS-BK: Strength of Ser- Protesters (Kosovo) (2019 - Civilians (Spain) (2018 - bia Movement (2019 - 2019) Serbia 2018) Serbia 2019) Serbia SNS: Serbian Progressive Protesters (Serbia) (2018 - Party (2019 - 2019) Serbia 2019) Serbia Rioters (International) (2019 - 2019) Serbia Rioters (Serbia) (2018 - 2019) Serbia Serbian Movement Dveri (2019 - 2019) Serbia Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Kosovo) (2019 - 2019) Ser- bia Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Serbia) (2018 - 2019) Ser- bia

2.82 South Sudan

Government Challenger Civilian Other Arrow Boys Militia-SSNA Agwelek Forces Civilians (South Sudan) Abuok Communal Militia (South Sudan National (South Sudan) Army Faction)

184 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Arrow Boys Militia Ayii Rebel Group Civilians (Democratic Re- Acholi Ethnic Militia public of Congo) (South Sudan) AU-RTF: African Union- CRF: Collo Resistance Civilians (Egypt) Adol Clan Dinka Ethnic led Regional Task Force Front Militia (South Sudan) (2011-) FDP: Federal Democratic Gatluak Gai Rebel Group Civilians (Eritrea) Ajang Clan Dinka Ethnic Party Militia (South Sudan) Government of South Su- George Athor Deng Rebel Civilians (Ethiopia) Akaak Communal Militia dan (2011-) Group (South Sudan) Military Forces of South IMLR: Islamic Movement Civilians (International) Al Shabaab Sudan (2011-) for Liberation of Raja Military Forces of South Mathiang Anyoor Civilians (Kenya) Alel Thony Communal Sudan (2011-) Military In- Militia (South Sudan) telligence Service Military Forces of South MDF: Mabanese Defence Civilians (Rwanda) Aliap Clan Militia (South Sudan (2011-) Presidential Forces Sudan) Security Unit Militia (Pro-Government) Militia (Gen. Peter Kuol Civilians (Somalia) Ambororo Ethnic Militia Chol) (Sudan) Police Forces of South Su- Militia (John Dueth Yiech) Civilians (Sudan) Amonhim Communal Mili- dan (2011-) tia (South Sudan) Police Forces of South Su- Mutiny of Military Forces Civilians (Uganda) Amothnhon Communal dan (2011-) National Secu- of South Sudan (2011-) Militia (South Sudan) rity Service Police Forces of South Su- NDM: National Demo- Anuak Ethnic Militia dan (2011-) Service Auxil- cratic Movement (South Sudan) iary Force RSF: Rapid Support Ogot Rebel Group Apuk Ethnic Militia Forces (South Sudan) SPLA/M-Gadet: Sudanese Olonyi Rebel Group Arab Ethnic Militia (South Peoples Liberation Army Sudan) (Gadet Faction) SPLA/M: Sudanese REMNASA: Revolution- AU: African Union Peoples Liberation Army/- ary Movement for National Movement Salvation SPLM-DC: Sudanese Peo- SPLA/M-In Opposition- Awan Ethnic Militia ples Liberation Movement Deng Gai: Sudanese (South Sudan) (Democratic Change) Peoples Liberation Army/Movement-In Opposition (Deng Gai Faction) SPLM-N: Sudan Peoples SPLA/M-In Opposition- Awuor Clan Dinka Ethnic Liberation Movement Weluba: Sudanese Militia (South Sudan) (North) Peoples Liberation Army/Movement-In Op- position (Weluba Faction)

185 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other SPLM Youth League SPLA/M-In Opposition: Ayual Ethnic Militia Sudanese Peoples Libera- (South Sudan) tion Army/Movement-In Opposition SSAF: South Sudan Armed SSLM/A: South Sudan Bapiny Communal Militia Forces Liberation Movemen- (South Sudan) t/Army SSDA: South Sudan Demo- SSNLM: South Sudan Na- Bari Ethnic Militia (South cratic Army tional Liberation Move- Sudan) ment SSDF-Mainstream: South SSPPF: South Sudan Peo- Bor Clan Dinka Ethnic Sudan Defence Forces ples Patriotic Front Militia (South Sudan) (Mainstream Faction) SSDF: South Sudan De- SSRM/A: South Sudan Bor Clan Dinka Ethnic fence Forces Resistance Movemen- Militia (Sudan) t/Army SSDF: South Sudan Demo- TFNF: Tiger Faction New Bototh Ethnic Militia cratic Front Forces (South Sudan) UDF: United Democratic Yau Yau Rebels Bul Nuer Ethnic Militia Front (South Sudan) UNMISS: United Nations Chenaabela Ethnic Militia Mission in the Republic of (South Sudan) South Sudan (2011-) Choldong Communal Mili- tia (South Sudan) Cobras Militia Cueibet Communal Militia (South Sudan) Dacuek Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Deer Clan Dinka Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Didinga Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Dinka Agar Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Dinka Aguok Ethnic Mili- tia (South Sudan) Dinka Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Dinka Luach Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Dinka Malual Ethnic Mili- tia (South Sudan) Dinka Marial Lou Ethnic Militia (South Sudan)

186 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Dinka Ngok Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Dinka Ngok Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Dinka Nyang Ethnic Mili- tia (South Sudan) Dinka Pakam Ethnic Mili- tia (Sudan) Dinka Rek Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Duk Youth Militia (South Sudan) Durbaar Clan Militia (South Sudan) Durceek Clan Militia (South Sudan) Farjok Communal Militia (South Sudan) Fertit Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Former Military Forces of South Sudan (2011-) Gaak Communal Militia (South Sudan) Galweng Militia GEYL: Greater Equatoria Youth Leadership Gok Dinka Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Gok Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Gok Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) Gony Clan Militia (South Sudan) Government of Sudan (1989-) Government of United States Haak Nuer Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Habbaniyah Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Home Guards

187 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Idali Communal Militia (South Sudan) IGAD: Intergovernmental Authority on Development JEM: Justice and Equality Movement Jie Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Jikany Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) Jonglei Communal Militia (South Sudan) Juet Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Jur Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Kangi Communal Militia (South Sudan) Koch Awac Sub-Clan Mili- tia (South Sudan) Koch Clan Dinka Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Koch Communal Militia (South Sudan) Koch Ker Sub-Clan Militia (South Sudan) Kok Awac Clan Militia (South Sudan) Kok Keer Clan Militia (South Sudan) Konakuang Clan Militia (South Sudan) Kozoro Communal Militia (South Sudan) Kuei Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Lango Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Leek Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Leer Communal Militia (South Sudan) Loroyo Communal Militia (South Sudan) Lou Nuer Ethnic Militia (South Sudan)

188 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Lou Nuer Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) LRA: Lords Resistance Army Lulubo Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Maban Communal Militia (South Sudan) Manuer Communal Militia (South Sudan) Maridi Communal Militia (South Sudan) Mbororo Ethnic Militia (Central African Republic) Military Forces of Ethiopia (1991-) Military Forces of Sudan (1989-) Military Forces of Uganda (1986-) Military Forces of United States Militia (Refugees) Misseriya Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Mundari Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Mundari Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Murle Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Murle Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) Nasir Communal Militia (South Sudan) Niel-Niel Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Nuer Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Nuer Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) Nykapo Clan Militia (South Sudan) NYU: National Youth Union

189 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Nyuei beag Communal Militia (South Sudan) Obwo Communal Militia (South Sudan) Oluo Monyomiji Militia Omorwo Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Pagok Clan Militia (South Sudan) Pagoor Communal Militia (South Sudan) Pakam Communal Militia (South Sudan) Pancuer Communal Militia (South Sudan) Pandau Communal Militia (South Sudan) Panyar Clan Militia (South Sudan) Panyon Communal Militia (South Sudan) PDF: Popular Defence Forces Police Forces of Sudan (1989-) National Intelli- gence and Security Services Prison Guards (South Su- dan) Private Security Forces (South Sudan) Protesters (Eritrea) Protesters (South Sudan) Protesters (Sudan) Rajaf Communal Militia (South Sudan) Rioters (South Sudan) Rioters (Sudan) Rizaygat Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Rumbek Communal Mili- tia (South Sudan) Rup Clan Dinka Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Rup Dinka Ethnic Militia (South Sudan)

190 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Shilluk Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Shilluk Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) Thiik Communal Militia (South Sudan) Thuyic Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Tiek Clan Militia (South Sudan) Tokarei Clan Militia (South Sudan) Tonj Communal Militia (South Sudan) Tonj East Communal Mili- tia (South Sudan) Tonj North Communal Militia (South Sudan) Toposa Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Torit East Communal Mili- tia (South Sudan) Twic East Area Youth Militia (South Sudan) UNAMID: United Nation- s/African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur (2007- ) Unidentified Armed Group (South Sudan) Unidentified Armed Group (Sudan) Unidentified Armed Group (Uganda) Unidentified Clan Militia (South Sudan) Unidentified Communal Militia (South Sudan) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Sudan) UNISFA: United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (2011-)

191 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Vigilante Militia (South Sudan) Waat Communal Militia (South Sudan) White Army (South Su- dan) Yirol West Communal Militia (South Sudan) Zande Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Zande Ethnic Militia (Su- dan)

2.83 Swaziland

Government Challenger Civilian Other Military Forces of Swazi- SWAYOCO: Swaziland Civilians (Swaziland) Police Forces of South land (1986-) Youth Congress Africa (1994-) Police Forces of Swaziland Protesters (South Africa) (1986-) PUDEMO: Peoples United Protesters (Swaziland) Democratic Movement Rioters (Swaziland) SFTU: Swaziland Federa- tion of Trade Unions The Tigers Militant Orga- nization Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Swaziland) Vigilante Militia (Swazi- land)

2.84 Syria

Government Challenger Civilian Other Allied Syrian and/or Rus- 18 March Division Civilians (International) Aknaf Bait al-Maqdis sian Forces BSF: Syrian Border Secu- 1st Brigade of Damascus Civilians (Iraq) Asayish (Syria) rity Force Fatemiyoun Brigade 1st Coastal Division Civilians (Syria) As-Sweida Communal Militia (Syria) Fawj Maghawir al-Badiya 1st Regiment Banyan al-Marsus Golan Regiment AAR:Ahfad al-Rasul DFNS: Democratic Federa- Brigades tion of Northern Syria

192 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Russia AAS: Ahrar al-Sham Foreign Military Forces Government of Syria Abnaa Al-Qadasya Global Coalition Against (2000- ) Daesh Harakat Hezbollah al- Abu al-Walid Battalion HXP: Self-Defense Forces Nujaba Hezbollah Ahmad al-Abdo Forces Khan Shaykun Communal Militia (Syria) Hezbollah Ahrar al-Sharqiyah KNC: Kurdish National Council KaB: Ba’ath Brigades Ajnad al-Sham Islamic Kurdish Ethnic Militia Union (Syria) Military Forces of Iran Al-Ahrar Assembly Kurdish Falcons Brigade (1989-) Military Forces of Iran Al Baghir Brigade Menbij Military Council (1989-) Islamic Revolution Guard Corps Military Forces of Iraq Al-Bakkara Youth Gather- MFS: Syriac Military (2014-) ing (Syria) (Syria) Council Military Forces of Iraq Al-Baqir Brigade Military Forces of Israel (2014-) Popular Mobiliza- (2009-) tion Forces Military Forces of Russia Al Haramain Brigades Military Forces of Jordan (1999-) Military Forces of Syria Al-Malahim Division Military Forces of Lebanon (2000-) 12th Armored (2016-) Brigade Military Forces of Syria Al-Omari Brigades MLKP: Marxist-Leninist (2000-) 4th Armored Divi- Communist Party sion MIlitary Forces of Syria Al Qaeda Mutiny of QSD: Syrian (2000-) Democratic Forces Military Forces of Syria Al-Saﬁrah Brigade Operation Euphrates (2000- Shield Military Forces of Syria Al Sham Corps Operation Olive Branch (2000-) Military Forces of Syria Al-Sham Corps PLA: Palestine Liberation (2000-) Army Military Forces of Syria Al-Thani Army Police Forces of Jordan (2000-) Revolutionary (1999-) Guard Military Forces of Syria Al-Wosta Division Private Security Forces (2000-) Syrian Arab Air Force Military Forces of Syria Army of Mujahideen PYD: Kurdish Democratic (2000-) Syrian Republican Union Party Guard

193 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Military Forces of Syria ASS:Sword of al-Sham QSD: Syrian Democratic (2000-) Tiger Forces Brigades Forces (Qawat al-Nimr) Military Forces of Syria Bakkara Youth Gathering Shaitat Tribal Militia (2000-) Tiger Paramilitary (Syria) (Syria) Forces (Qawat al-Nimr) Military Forces of Turkey Diwan al-Hisbah Syriac Security Office (2016-) Gendarmerie (Syria) Military Forces of Turkey Eastern Shield Army Syrian Elite Forces (2016-) Militia (Pro-Government) FaR: Al-Rahman Corps Unidentified Armed Group (Syria) Police Forces of Syria Farouq Battalions Unidentified Armed Group (2000-) (Syria) Private Security Forces Farqat Abna’ al-Qadisiya Unidentified Clan Militia (Russia) (Syria) QDW: National Defense Free Alawite Movement Unidentified Military Forces Forces Free Idlib Army Unidentified Military Forces Free Syrian Police Unidentified Military Forces (Syria) FSA Fighters Brigade Unidentified Tribal Militia (Syria) FUS: Lions of Sunnah Di- UN: United Nations vision Ghuraba Al-Janob YPG: Peoples Protection Units Hamza Division - Aleppo YPJ: Women’s Protection Units HNDZ: Nour al-Din al- Zinki Movement Homs Legion HTS: Hayat Tahrir al- Sham Imam Bukhari Battalion ISIS hunters Islamic State (Syria) Islamist Militia (Syria) Islamist Rebels (Syria) JAA: Army of Free Tribes Jabhat Fateh al-Sham JaF: Army of Conquest JaI: Army of Glory JaI: Islamic Front

194 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Jamaat Jund al-Qawqaz Ajnad al-Qawqaz JaM: Army of Monotheists (Syria) (Syria) JaN: Army of Victory JaN: Elite Army JaS: Al-Sanadid Forces (Syria) JaS: Levant Front JaT: Army of Revolution- aries Jaysh al-Ahrar Jaysh Al Fatah Jaysh al-Fatah Jaysh al-Islam Jaysh al-Nasr Jaysh Hama Jaysh Osama JaY: Yarmouk Army JeA: Ababil Horan Battal- ion JMA: Army of Emigrants and Supporters JMT: Army of the Com- mandos of the Revolution JOS: Lions of the East Army JSH: Free Syrian Army JTS: Syria Liberation Front JTS: Syrian Revolutionar- ies Front Jund al-Aqsa Jund al-Malahem JWS: Syrian National Army Katibat Ahrar al-Janub Khalid Ibn al-Walid Army Khalid ibn al-Walid Army LaF: Battalion of Conquest LaQ: Quds Brigade Liwa al-Haqq (Dar’a) Liwa al-Hurriyah al-Islami

195 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Liwa Fajr al-Umma Liwa Fajr al-Umma Liwa Saif Al-Islam Middle Division Mountain of Islam Brigade Mujahideen of Horan Muntasr Billah Battalion Muslim Brotherhood (Syria) Mutaaz Billah Army Mutiny of AAS: Ahrar al- Sham Mutiny of FaR: Al- Rahman Corps Mutiny of HTS: Hayat Tahrir al-Sham Mutiny of Islamic State (Syria) National Coalition Of Syr- ian Revolution and Oppo- sition Forces Omari Brigades Opposition Rebels (Syria) Protesters (Syria) QSS: Youth of Sunna Forces Rad al-Toghan Repel the Invaders Opera- tion Room Revolutionaries of Manbij Brigades Revolutionary Command Council of Quneitra and the Golan Rioters (Syria) Saraqeb Revolutionary Front Sham Al Rasul Brigade Sham al-Rasul Brigade Sham Legion Shuhadaa al-Qaryatayn Brigade Southern Front Soyouf Al-Islam Battalion

196 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Sultan Murad Division Suquor al-Sham Syrian Interim Govern- ment Syrian Salvation Govern- ment The Caucasus Soldier Divi- sion They Were Wronged Oper- ations Room Thuwar al Sham Battalion TIP: Turkistan Islamic Party Uniﬁed Operation Room - Idleb Union of the Forces of Mount Hermon Usoud al Tawheed Battail- ion

2.85 Chad

Government Challenger Civilian Other CPDC: Coordination of ANR: National Resistance Civilians (Cameroon) Abeche Communal Militia Political Parties for the De- Army (Chad) fence of the Constitution EUFOR Chad/CAR: Mil- APRD: Popular Army for Civilians (Chad) Arab Ethnic Militia itary Operation in East- the Restoration of the Re- (Chad) ern Chad and North East- public and Democracy ern Central African Repub- lic (2008-2009) GNNT: Nomad and Na- Boko Haram - Wilayat Civilians (International) Arab Ethnic Militia (Su- tional Guard of Chad Gharb Ifriqiyyah dan) Government of Chad CDR: Democratic Revolu- Civilians (Nigeria) Bornou Ethnic Militia (1990-) tionary Council (Chad) Military Forces of Central CNT: Chadian National Civilians (Sudan) Christian Militia (Chad) African Republic (2003- Concord Movement 2013) Military Forces of Chad CSNPD: National Revival Darsalim Ethnic Militia (1990-) Committee for Peace and (Chad) Democracy Military Forces of Chad Falcons for the Liberation Fulani Ethnic Militia (Cen- (1990-) Republican Guard of Africa tral African Republic) Military Forces of France FARF: Armed Forces for a Gorane Ethnic Militia Federal Republic (Chad)

197 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Military Forces of Nigeria FDR: Democratic Front for GSPC: Salaﬁst Group for (1999-2015) Renewal Call and Combat Military Forces of Sudan FNTR: National Front for Islamic State (Sahara) (1989-) the Renewal of Chad Military Forces of United FONALT: Forces of the JEM-Bashar: Justice States National Organisations for and Equality Movement Alternance and Liberty in (Bashar Faction) Chad MINURCAT: United Na- FPR: Patriotic Forces of JEM: Justice and Equality tions Mission in the Cen- Resistance Movement tral African Republic and Chad (2007-2010) Police Forces of Chad FPR: Popular Front for the Khouzam Ethnic Militia (1990-) Recovery (Chad) Police Forces of Chad FPRN: Popular Front for Kibede Ethnic Militia (1990-) Mobile Interven- National Rebirth (Chad) tion Unit FROLINAT: National Lib- Kibets Ethnic Militia eration Front of Chad (Chad) FUCD: Unity Front for LRA: Lords Resistance Democratic Change Army Janjaweed Military Forces of Libya (2014-) Haftar Faction MDJT: Movement for MINUSCA: United Na- Democracy and Justice in tions Multidimensional In- Chad tegrated Stabilization Mis- sion in the Central African Republic (2014-) MPRP: Movement for MISCA: African-led Inter- Peace, Reconciliation, national Support Mission Progress to the Central African Re- public (2013-2014) Mutiny of Military Forces Muslim Militia (Chad) of Chad (1990-) National Alliance of Chad Ouaddaian Ethnic Militia (Chad) Protesters (Chad) Protesters (Cameroon) RAFD-CNT: Rally of Protesters (Liberia) Democratic Forces- National Chadian Concord RAFD: Rally of Demo- Protesters (Nigeria) cratic Forces RDL: Rally for Democracy SLM/A: Sudan Liberation and Liberty Movement/Army RFC: Rally of Forces for SPLA/M: Sudanese Change Peoples Liberation Army/- Movement

198 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Rioters (Chad) Tama Ethnic Militia (Chad) SCUD: Foundation for Toubou Ethnic Militia Change, National Unity (Chad) and Democracy UFD: Union of Democratic Unidentified Armed Group Forces (Central African Republic) UFDC: United Front for Unidentified Armed Group Democratic Change (Chad) UFDD: Union of Forces for Unidentified Armed Group Democracy and Develop- (Nigeria) ment UFR: Union of Forces for Unidentified Armed Group Resistance (Sudan) Vigilante Militia (Chad) Unidentified Communal Militia (Chad) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Chad) Walet Rachid Ethnic Mili- tia (Chad) Zaghawa Ethnic Militia (Chad)

2.86 Togo

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Togo (2005- Rioters (Togo) Civilians (Togo) Bikaachib Ethnic Militia ) (Togo) Military Forces of Togo Protesters (Togo) Civilians (Central African Bivakpabe Ethnic Militia (1967-2005) Republic) (Togo) Military Forces of Togo Civilians (International) Fulani Ethnic Militia (2005-) (Togo) Police Forces of Togo Moba Communal Militia (1967-2005) (Togo) Police Forces of Togo Muslim Militia (Togo) (2005-) Police Forces of Togo Private Security Forces (2005-) Gendarmerie (Togo) RPT: Rally of the Togolese Protesters (Ivory Coast) People UFC: Union of Forces for Unidentiﬁed Armed Group Change (Ghana) Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Togo)

199 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.87 Thailand

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Thailand Protesters (Myanmar) Civilians (Myanmar) Bannang Sata Communal Militia Military Forces of Thailand Protesters (Thailand) Civilians (Thailand) Chanae Communal Militia Police Forces of Thailand Rioters (Thailand) Civilians (Vietnam) Cho Airong Communal Militia RKK: Runda Kumpulan Khok Pho Communal Mili- Kecil tia Southern Muslim Sepa- Lammai Communal Militia ratists Southern Muslim Sepa- Mae Lan Communal Mili- ratists (Thailand) tia Mayo Communal Militia Muang Communal Militia Nong Chik Communal Militia Panare Communal Militia Private Security Forces Raman Communal Militia Rangae Communal Militia Rioters (Cambodia) Si Sakhon Communal Mili- tia Southern Muslim Militia (Thailand) SSA-S: Shan State Army- South Sungai Kolok Communal Militia Sungai Padi Communal Militia Surat Thani Communal Militia Tak Bai Communal Militia Thepha Communal Militia TNP: Ta’ang National Party To Deng Communal Militia Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Thailand) Village Defence Volunteers Yaha Communal Militia Yala Communal Militia

200 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Yarang Communal Militia Yaring Communal Militia Yingo Communal Militia

2.88 Tajikistan

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Tajikistan Islamic State (Tajikistan) Civilians (International) Government of Kyrgyzs- (1994-) (2018 - 2019) (2018 - 2019) Tajikistan (2018 - 2018) Tajikistan tan (2017-) (2018 - 2019) Tajikistan Tajikistan Military Forces of Tajik- Protesters (Tajikistan) Civilians (Kyrgyzstan) Government of Uzbekistan istan (1994-) (2019 - 2019) (2018 - 2019) Tajikistan (2018 - 2019) Tajikistan (2016-) (2018 - 2018) Tajikistan Tajikistan Military Forces of Tajik- Rioters (Kyrgyzstan) Civilians (Tajikistan) Police Forces of Kyrgyzs- istan (1994-) Border Ser- (2018 - 2019) Tajikistan (2018 - 2019) Tajikistan tan (2017-) Kyrgyz Fron- vice (2018 - 2019) Tajik- tier Force (2019 - 2019) istan Tajikistan Police Forces of Tajik- Rioters (Tajikistan) (2018 - istan (1994-) (2018 - 2019) 2019) Tajikistan Tajikistan Police Forces of Tajikistan Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (1994-) Prison Guards (Afghanistan) (2018 - (2018 - 2019) Tajikistan 2018) Tajikistan Police Forces of Tajik- Unidentiﬁed Armed Group istan (1994-) Special Pur- (Tajikistan) (2018 - 2019) pose Police Unit (OMON) Tajikistan (2018 - 2018) Tajikistan Police Forces of Tajikistan (1994-) State Committee for National Security (2018 - 2018) Tajikistan

2.89 Turkmenistan

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Turk- Protesters (Turkmenistan) Civilians (Turkmenistan) menistan (2006-) (2018 - (2018 - 2018) Turk- (2018 - 2019) Turk- 2019) Turkmenistan menistan menistan Military Forces of Turk- Rioters (Turkmenistan) menistan (2006-) (2018 - (2018 - 2019) Turk- 2019) Turkmenistan menistan Police Forces of Turk- Unidentiﬁed Armed Group menistan (2006-) (2018 - (Afghanistan) (2018 - 2019) Turkmenistan 2019) Turkmenistan

201 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Police Forces of Turk- Unidentiﬁed Armed Group menistan (2006-) Prison (Turkmenistan) (2019 - Guards (2019 - 2019) Turk- 2019) Turkmenistan menistan

2.90 Tunisia

Government Challenger Civilian Other Ennahda Political Party Ansar al-Sharia Civilians (Tunisia) Al Qaeda Government of Tunisia Hizb Ettahrir Party Civilians (Egypt) AQIM: Al Qaeda in the Is- (2011-2014) lamic Maghreb Government of Tunisia LPR: League for the Pro- Civilians (International) Bechri Communal Militia (2014-) tection of the Revolution (Tunisia) Military Forces of Tunisia Okba Ibn Nafaa Brigade Civilians (Libya) Douz Communal Militia (1987-2011) (Tunisia) Military Forces of Tunisia Soldiers of the Caliphate Civilians (Tanzania) El Anizet Clan Militia (1987-2011) Presidential (Tunisia) Security Guard Military Forces of Tunisia El Golaa Communal Mili- (2011-2014) tia (Tunisia) Military Forces of Tunisia Government of Algeria (2011-2014) Border Guards (1999-) Military Forces of Tunisia Government of Libya (2011-2014) National (2011-2012) Guard Military Forces of Tunisia Government of United (2014-) States Military Forces of Tunisia Islamist Militia (Algeria) (2014-) National Guard Militia (Pro-Government) Islamist Militia (Tunisia) Nidaa Tounes Jemna Communal Militia (Tunisia) Police Forces of Tunisia Jewish Group (Tunisia) (1987-2011) Police Forces of Tunisia Libyan Rebel Forces (2011-2014) Police Forces of Tunisia Military Forces of Libya (2014-) (2011-2012) PPDU: Uniﬁed Demo- Ouled Saied Clan Militia cratic Patriots Party (Tunisia) PTT: Tunisian Workers Oum es Somaa Communal Party Militia (Tunisia) RCD: Constitutional Prison Guards (Tunisia) Democratic Rally

202 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Private Security Forces (Tunisia) Protesters (Algeria) Protesters (Eritrea) Protesters (International) Protesters (Libya) Protesters (Morocco) Protesters (Tunisia) Rioters (Eritrea) Rioters (Libya) Rioters (Tunisia) Sunni Muslim Militia (Tunisia) UNHCR: United Nations Refugee Agency Unidentified Armed Group (Algeria) Unidentified Armed Group (Libya) Unidentified Armed Group (Tunisia) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Tunisia) Vigilante Militia (Tunisia) Zaouiet el Harth Commu- nal Militia (Tunisia)

2.91 Turkey

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Turkey DHKP-C: Revolution- Civilians (International) Military Forces of Syria (2016-) ary People’s Liberation (2000-) Party/Front Military Forces of Turkey Islamic State (Turkey) Civilians (Syria) NATO: North Atlantic (2016-) Gendarmerie Treaty Organization Military Forces of Turkey MLKP: Marxist-Leninist Civilians (Turkey) Private Security Forces (2016-) Community Party (Turkey) Police Forces of Turkey PKK: Kurdistan Workers PYD: Kurdish Democratic (2016-) Party Union Party Police Forces of Turkey PKK-YJA STAR: Kurdis- Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (2016-) Special Operations tan Workers Party-YJA (Syria) STAR Prison Guards (Turkey) Protesters (Afghanistan) Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Turkey)

203 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Village Guards Protesters (Turkey) Rioters (Turkey) TAK: Kurdistan Freedom Hawks YPS: Civil Protection Units

2.92 Tanzania

Government Challenger Civilian Other CCM: Party of the Revolu- Green Guards Civilians (Tanzania) ”Janjaweed” Militia tion CHADEMA: Party for UAMSHO: Association for Civilians (Burundi) ADF-NALU: Allied Demo- Democracy and Progress Islamic Mobilisation and cratic Forces-National Propagation Army for the Liberation of Uganda CUF: Civic United Front Sungu Sungu Civilians (Democratic Re- Al Qaeda public of Congo) Field Force Unit Protesters (Tanzania) Civilians (International) Al Shabaab Military Forces of Tanza- Rioters (Tanzania) Civilians (Kenya) Bajaj Riders Militia nia (1964-) Police Forces of Tanzania Civilians (Malawi) Bwejuu Communal Militia (1964-) (Tanzania) TLP: Tanzania Labour Civilians (Zambia) Christian Militia (Tanza- Party nia) CNDD-FDD: National Council for the Defence of Democracy-Forces for the Defence of Democracy Daladala Drivers Militia FDLR: Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda Hutu Rebels Interahamwe Militia Islamist Militia (Tanzania) Kipsigi Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Kiru Ethnic Militia (Tan- zania) Maasai Ethnic Militia (Tanzania) Military Forces of Burundi (1996-2005)

204 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Military Forces of Demo- cratic Republic of Congo (2001-) Military Forces of South Sudan (2011-) Movement for Solidarity and Development Muslim Militia (Tanzania) Mvomero Communal Mili- tia (Tanzania) Nyabasi Ethnic Militia (Tanzania) PALIPEHUTU-FNL: National Forces for Liberation-Party for the Liberation of the Hutu People Pirates (Tanzania) Police Forces of Kenya (2002-2013) Prison Guards (Tanzania) Private Security Forces (Tanzania) RCD: Rally for Congolese Democracy Red Brigades Sonjo Ethnic Militia (Tan- zania) SPLA/M-In Opposition: Sudanese Peoples Libera- tion Army/Movement-In Opposition TFC: Tanzania Constitu- tion Forum Ukongoroni Local Militia (Tanzania) Unidentified Armed Group (Burundi) Unidentified Armed Group (Kenya) Unidentified Armed Group (Rwanda) Unidentified Armed Group (Somalia) Unidentified Armed Group (Tanzania)

205 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unidentified Communal Militia (Tanzania) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Tanzania) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Vigilante Militia (Tanza- nia) Wahunyaga Ethnic Militia (Tanzania) Wairegi Ethnic Militia (Tanzania) Wamaasai Ethnic Militia (Tanzania) Wanchari Ethnic Militia (Tanzania) Warenchoka Ethnic Militia (Tanzania) Wasonjo Ethnic Militia (Tanzania) Wasweta Ethnic Militia (Tanzania)

2.93 Uganda

Government Challenger Civilian Other FAPC: Peoples Armed ADF-NALU: Allied Demo- Civilians (Uganda) Abacwamba Ethnic Militia Forces of Congo cratic Forces-National (Uganda) Army for the Liberation of Uganda FDC: Forum for Demo- ADF: Allied Democratic Civilians (Burundi) Abaihango Ethnic Militia cratic Change Forces (Uganda) Government of Uganda CAMP: Citizens Army for Civilians (Democratic Re- Abim Communal Militia (1986-) Multiparty Politics public of Congo) (Uganda) IPC: Inter-Party Coopera- Kalangala Action Plan Civilians (International) Acholi Ethnic Militia tion (Uganda) Military Forces of Uganda Kiboko Squad Civilians (Kenya) Al Shabaab (1986-) Military Forces of Uganda Kirumira Mutima Civilians (Rwanda) Alur Ethnic Militia (Demo- (1986-) Anti-Stock Theft cratic Republic of Congo) Unit

206 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Military Forces of Uganda LRA: Lords Resistance Civilians (Somalia) Alur Ethnic Militia (1986-) Presidential Secu- Army (Uganda) rity Unit Military Forces of Uganda Mutiny of Military Forces Civilians (South Sudan) Amuka Boys/Rhino Militia (1986-) Special Forces of Uganda (1986-) Command NRM: National Resistance Mutiny of Police Forces of Civilians (Sudan) Amuru Communal Militia Movement Uganda (1986-) (Uganda) Police Forces of Uganda NALU: National Army for Arak Ethnic Militia (1986-) the Liberation of Uganda (Uganda) Police Forces of Uganda NFA: National Federal Arrow Boys Militia (1986-) Internal Security Army Organisation Police Forces of Uganda PPF: Popular Patriotic Atekodyek Owidi Ethnic (1986-) Rapid Response Front Militia (Uganda) Unit UPC: Uganda Peoples PRA: Peoples Redemption Ayok Clan Dinka Ethnic Congress Army Militia (Sudan) RFLU: Revolutionary Bafumbira Ethnic Militia Forces for the Liberation (Uganda) of Uganda UFDF: Uganda Federal Bagisu Ethnic Militia Democratic Front (Uganda) Uganda Freedom Move- Bagungu Ethnic Militia ment (Uganda) Uganda Patriotic Front Bagwere Ethnic Militia (Uganda) UNDF: Uganda National Bahima Ethnic Militia Democratic Force (Uganda) UNRF II: Uganda National Bakiga Ethnic Militia Rescue Front II (Uganda) USF: Uganda Salvation Bakonzo Ethnic Militia Front (Uganda) USF: Uganda Saving Force Balalo Communal Militia (Uganda) VOMYO: Voice of Move- Bamba Ethnic Militia ment Youth (Uganda) WNBF: West Nile Bank Banyarwanda Ethnic Mili- Front tia (Uganda) Protesters (Uganda) Banyole Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Rioters (Uganda) Banyoro Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Basongora Ethnic Militia (Uganda)

207 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Batooro Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Batwa Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Bokora Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Bor Clan Dinka Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Bor Clan Dinka Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Bunyoro Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Busoga Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Chua Clan Militia (Uganda) CNDP: National Congress for the Defence of the Peo- ple Dinka Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Dinka Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) Dinka Ngok Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Dodoth Ethnic Militia (Uganda) FDLR: Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda FLC: Congolese Liberation Front Government of Democratic Republic of Congo (2001-) Government of Sudan (1989-) Hutu Ethnic Militia (Rwanda) Hutu Rebels Ikuruk Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Interahamwe Militia Jie Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Jopadhola Ethnic Militia (Uganda)

208 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Kaluungu Herders Militia (Uganda) Karamajong Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Kibiniko Communal Mili- tia (Uganda) Kuku Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Kuura Communal Militia (Uganda) Lendu Ethnic Militia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Loyangalani Communal Militia (Uganda) Lutuko Ethnic Militia (Uganda) M23: March 23 Movement Matheniko Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Military Forces of Demo- cratic Republic of Congo (1997-2001) Military Forces of Demo- cratic Republic of Congo (2001-) Military Forces of Kenya (2002-2013) Military Forces of South Sudan (2011-) Military Forces of Southern Sudan (2005-2011) Military Forces of Sudan (1989-) Military Forces of United States MONUC: United Nations Organization Mission in Democratic Republic of Congo (1999-2010) Moorland Forces Militia (Kenya) MRC: Congolese Revolu- tionary Movement Mujuuza Communal Mili- tia (Uganda)

209 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Muslim Militia (Uganda) Mutiny of Military Forces of Democratic Republic of Congo (2001-) Mutiny of Military Forces of Democratic Republic of Congo (2001-) (Nkunda Faction) NDA: National Democratic Alliance Nuer Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Okol Clan Militia (Uganda) Pajuru Communal Militia (Uganda) Pakelle Communal Militia (Uganda) Pawaja Clan Militia (Uganda) Pian Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Pobira Clan Militia (Uganda) Pokot Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Pokot Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Police Forces of Kenya (2002-2013) Police Forces of South Su- dan (2011-) Prison Guards (Uganda) Private Security Forces (Uganda) PRM: Political Revenge Movement Protesters (Democratic Republic of Congo) Protesters (International) Protesters (Libya) Protesters (South Sudan) PUSIC: Party for the Unity and Safekeeping of Congos Integrity

210 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other RCD-Goma: Rally for Congolese Democracy (Goma) RCD-K-ML: Rally for Congolese Democracy- Kisangani-Liberation Movement RCD-K: Rally for Con- golese Democracy (Kisan- gani) Rioters (International) Rioters (Kenya) Rioters (South Sudan) Rioters (Sudan) RPR: Gathering of the Rwandan People Rwenzururu Royal Militia Sabinys Ethnic Militia (Uganda) SLDF: Sabaot Land De- fence Force SLM/A: Sudan Liberation Movement/Army SPLA/M-In Opposition: Sudanese Peoples Libera- tion Army/Movement-In Opposition SPLA/M: Sudanese Peoples Liberation Army/- Movement Sudanese Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Tepeth Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Turkana Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Turkana Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Unidentified Armed Group (Burundi) Unidentified Armed Group (Democratic Republic of Congo) Unidentified Armed Group (International)

211 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unidentified Armed Group (Kenya) Unidentified Armed Group (Rwanda) Unidentified Armed Group (South Sudan) Unidentified Armed Group (Sudan) Unidentified Armed Group (Uganda) Unidentified Communal Militia (Uganda) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Uganda) UPC: Union of Congolese Patriots UWA: Uganda Wildlife Authority Vigilante Militia (Uganda)

2.94 Ukraine

Government Challenger Civilian Other Fatherland Party (2019 - Cossacks (Russia) (2018 - Civilians (Azerbaijan) C14 (2018 - 2019) Ukraine 2019) Ukraine 2018) Ukraine (2018 - 2018) Ukraine Georgian Legion (2018 - Donetsk People’s Republic Civilians (Brazil) (2018 - Karpatska Sich (2018 - 2018) Ukraine - Government (2018 - 2018) 2018) Ukraine 2018) Ukraine Ukraine Government of Ukraine Donetsk People’s Repub- Civilians (Bulgaria) (2018 - Military Forces of Canada (2014-2019) (2018 - 2018) lic - Police (2018 - 2019) 2018) Ukraine (2018 - 2018) Ukraine Ukraine Ukraine Government of Ukraine Government of Russia Civilians (International) Military Forces of United (2019-) (2019 - 2019) (2000-) (2018 - 2019) (2018 - 2019) Ukraine States (2018 - 2019) Ukraine Ukraine Ukraine Military Forces of Ukraine Luhansk People’s Republic Civilians (Iraq) (2019 - National Corps Party (2014-2019) (2018 - 2019) - Government (2018 - 2018) 2019) Ukraine (2018 - 2019) Ukraine Ukraine Ukraine Military Forces of Ukraine Military Forces of Rus- Civilians (Israel) (2018 - Right Sector (2018 - 2018) (2014-2019) National sia (2000-) (2018 - 2019) 2018) Ukraine Ukraine Guard (2018 - 2019) Ukraine Ukraine

212 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Military Forces of Ukraine NAF: United Armed Civilians (Moldova) (2019 - RNR: Falanga (2018 - (2014-2019) Special Forces Forces of Novorossiya 2019) Ukraine 2018) Ukraine (2018 - 2018) Ukraine (2018 - 2019) Ukraine Military Forces of Ukraine Opposition Bloc (2018 - Civilians (Poland) (2019 - (2014-2019) Special Oper- 2018) Ukraine 2019) Ukraine ations Detachment Azov (2018 - 2019) Ukraine Military Forces of Ukraine Police Forces of Russia Civilians (Russia) (2018 - (2019-) (2019 - 2019) (2000-) (2018 - 2019) 2019) Ukraine Ukraine Ukraine National Militia (2018 - Police Forces of Russia Civilians (Ukraine) (2018 - 2018) Ukraine (2000-) Border Service 2019) Ukraine (2018 - 2018) Ukraine Police Forces of Ukraine Police Forces of Russia Civilians (Vietnam) (2019 - (2014-2019) (2018 - 2019) (2000-) Federal Security 2019) Ukraine Ukraine Service (2018 - 2019) Ukraine Police Forces of Ukraine Police Forces of Russia (2014-2019) ARMA: (2000-) Prison Guards National Agency for (2018 - 2018) Ukraine Identifying, Tracing and Managing Assets Obtained through Corruption and Other Crimes (2018 - 2018) Ukraine Police Forces of Ukraine Protesters (International) (2014-2019) Municipal (2019 - 2019) Ukraine Guard (2019 - 2019) Ukraine Police Forces of Ukraine Protesters (Lebanon) (2014-2019) Prison Guards (2019 - 2019) Ukraine (2018 - 2019) Ukraine Police Forces of Ukraine Protesters (Russia) (2018 - (2014-2019) Security Ser- 2019) Ukraine vice of Ukraine (2018 - 2019) Ukraine Police Forces of Ukraine Protesters (Ukraine) (2018 (2014-2019) State Border - 2019) Ukraine Guard Service (2018 - 2019) Ukraine Police Forces of Ukraine Rioters (Bulgaria) (2019 - (2014-2019) State Emer- 2019) Ukraine gency Service of Ukraine (2018 - 2019) Ukraine Police Forces of Ukraine Rioters (Montenegro) (2019-) (2019 - 2019) (2019 - 2019) Ukraine Ukraine

213 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Police Forces of Ukraine Rioters (Russia) (2018 - (2019-) Prison Guards 2018) Ukraine (2019 - 2019) Ukraine Police Forces of Ukraine Rioters (Turkey) (2019 - (2019-) State Border 2019) Ukraine Guard Service (2019 - 2019) Ukraine Police Forces of Ukraine Rioters (Ukraine) (2018 - (2019-) State Emergency 2019) Ukraine Service of Ukraine (2019 - 2019) Ukraine Private Security Forces Unidentified Armed Group (Russia) (2018 - 2018) (Russia) (2018 - 2019) Ukraine Ukraine Private Security Forces Unidentified Armed Group (Ukraine) (2018 - 2019) (Ukraine) (2018 - 2019) Ukraine Ukraine Ukrainian Volunteer Corps Unidentified Armed Group (2018 - 2018) Ukraine (Uzbekistan) (2018 - 2018) Ukraine Wagner Group (2018 - 2018) Ukraine

2.95 Uzbekistan

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Uzbekistan Hizb ut-Tahrir (2019 - Civilians (Kazakhstan) Government of Kyrgyzs- (2016-) (2018 - 2019) 2019) Uzbekistan (2019 - 2019) Uzbekistan tan (2017-) (2018 - 2018) Uzbekistan Uzbekistan Military Forces of Uzbek- Jihadchi (2019 - 2019) Civilians (Kyrgyzstan) Police Forces of Kaza- istan (2016-) Border Ser- Uzbekistan (2018 - 2018) Uzbekistan khstan (1990-2019) (2019 - vice (2018 - 2019) Uzbek- 2019) Uzbekistan istan Police Forces of Uzbek- Protesters (Uzbekistan) Civilians (South Korea) Police Forces of Tajikistan istan (2016-) (2018 - 2019) (2018 - 2019) Uzbekistan (2019 - 2019) Uzbekistan (1994-) Prison Guards Uzbekistan (2019 - 2019) Uzbekistan Police Forces of Uzbek- Rioters (Kyrgyzstan) Civilians (Tajikistan) istan (2016-) National Se- (2018 - 2018) Uzbekistan (2019 - 2019) Uzbekistan curity Service (2019 - 2019) Uzbekistan Police Forces of Uzbek- Rioters (Uzbekistan) (2018 Civilians (Turkey) (2019 - istan (2016-) Prison - 2019) Uzbekistan 2019) Uzbekistan Guards (2018 - 2019) Uzbekistan

214 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unidentiﬁed Armed Group Civilians (Uzbekistan) (Uzbekistan) (2019 - 2019) (2018 - 2019) Uzbekistan Uzbekistan

2.96 Vietnam

Government Challenger Civilian Other Police Forces of Vietnam Protesters (Vietnam) Civilians (Vietnam) Military Forces of China Rioters (Vietnam) Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (China) Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Vietnam)

2.97 NA

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Kosovo Protesters (Bosnia and Civilians (Kosovo) (2018 - Albanian Ethnic Militia (2017-) (2018 - 2019) Herzegovina) (2018 - 2018) 2019) Kosovo (Kosovo) (2019 - 2019) Kosovo Kosovo Kosovo LV: Self-Determination Protesters (Kosovo) (2018 - Civilians (Serbia) (2018 - Military Forces of Ser- (2018 - 2018) Kosovo 2019) Kosovo 2018) Kosovo bia (2017-) (2018 - 2018) Kosovo Police Forces of Kosovo Protesters (Serbia) (2018 - NATO: North Atlantic (2017-) (2018 - 2019) 2019) Kosovo Treaty Organization (2018 Kosovo - 2018) Kosovo Rioters (Kosovo) (2018 - Private Security Forces 2019) Kosovo (Kosovo) (2019 - 2019) Kosovo Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (Kosovo) (2018 - 2019) Kosovo

2.98 Yemen

Government Challenger Civilian Other Al Islah Party Al Mihdhar Brigade Civilians (Egypt) Abida Tribal Militia (Yemen) Government of Yemen Ansar al Sharia (Yemen) Civilians (International) Al Ahmar Clan Hashed (2012-) Tribal Militia (Yemen) Government of Yemen AQAP: Al Qaeda in the Civilians (Oman) Al Asabih Tribal Militia (2016-) Supreme Political Arabian Peninsula (Yemen) Council GPC: General People’s Islamic State (Yemen) Civilians (Saudi Arabia) Al Awadhi Tribal Militia Congress (Yemen)

215 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Military Forces of United Islamist Militia (Yemen) Civilians (United Arab Al Dhawbary Tribal Militia States Emirates) (Yemen) Military Forces of Yemen Protesters (Yemen) Civilians (Yemen) Al Hima Communal Militia (2012-) Coast Guard (Yemen) Military Forces of Yemen Rioters (Yemen) Al Humayqani Tribal Mili- (2012-) Counter-Terrorism tia (Yemen) Unit Military Forces of Yemen Salaﬁst Militia (Yemen) Al Hussein bin Mohammed (2012-) Hadhrami Elite Tribal Militia (Yemen) Forces Military Forces of Yemen Salman al Hazm Brigades Al Qushaibi Tribal Militia (2012-) (Yemen) Military Forces of Yemen Southern Movement Al Shabwani Tribal Militia (2012-) Political Security (Yemen) Organisation Military Forces of Yemen Southern Resistance Al Shulan Tribal Militia (2012-) Presidential Guard (Yemen) Military Forces of Yemen Tihama Resistance Aser Communal Militia (2012-) Security Belt (Yemen) Forces Military Forces of Yemen Bani Harith Tribal Militia (2012-) Shabwani Elite (Yemen) Forces Military Forces of Yemen Bani Hushish Tribal Mili- (2016-) Republican Guard tia (Yemen) Military Forces of Yemen Bani Sura Tribal Militia (2016-) Supreme Political (Yemen) Council Militia (Pro-Government) Foreign Military Forces Operation Restoring Hope Government of Russia Police Forces of Yemen Hamadan Tribal Militia (2012-) (Yemen) Police Forces of Yemen Khowlan Tribal Militia (2016-) Special Security (Yemen) Forces Police Forces of Yemen Lawdar Communal Militia (2016-) Supreme Political (Yemen) Council Popular Resistance Military Forces of Iran (1989-) Prison Guards (Yemen) Militia (Abu al Abbas) STC: Southern Transi- Militia (Abu Hammam al tional Council Yafei) Militia (Al Saalik) Militia (Ghazwan al Mikhlaﬁ)

216 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Militia (Hashem al Sanaani) Militia (Hashid al Awni) Militia (Salim al Hand- hala) Murad Tribal Militia (Yemen) Prisoners (Yemen) Private Security Forces (Yemen) Unidentified Armed Group (Yemen) Unidentified Communal Militia (Yemen) Unidentified Military Forces Unidentified Tribal Militia (Yemen) UN: United Nations Zabnut al Mahariya Tribal Militia (Yemen)

2.99 South Africa

Government Challenger Civilian Other Agang South Africa Party AWB: Afrikaner Resis- Civilians (South Africa) Abahwebi baKwaMashu tance Movement ANC-Motlanthe: African BAT: Boere Attack Troop Civilians (Angola) Afrikaner Ethnic Militia National Congress (Mot- (South Africa) lanthe Faction) ANC-Zuma: African BNW: Boer National War- Civilians (Burundi) Al Shabaab National Congress (Zuma riors Militia Faction) ANC: African National Boermag Militia Civilians (Democratic Re- AMCU: Association Congress public of Congo) of Mineworkers and Construction Union ANCYL: African National Geloftevolk Republikeine Civilians (Ethiopia) BRA: Bushbuckridge Resi- Congress Youth League dents Association DA: Democratic Alliance MAGO: Muslims Against Civilians (International) BTA: Benoni Taxi Associ- Global Oppression ation Militia EFF: Economic Freedom Militia (Students) Civilians (Kenya) COSAS: Congress of South Fighters African Students FFP: Federal Freedom Protesters (South Africa) Civilians (Lesotho) COSATU: Congress of Party South African Trade Unions

217 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of South Red Ants Militia Civilians (Malawi) CWIU: Chemical Workers Africa (1994-) Industrial Union Militia IFP: Inkatha Freedom UMSA: Unemployed Civilians (Mozambique) CWU: Communication Party Masses of South Africa Workers Union Military Forces of South Protesters (South Africa) Civilians (Nigeria) DKP: Davyeton/Kempton Africa (1994-) Park Militia NFP: National Freedom Rioters (South Africa) Civilians (Rwanda) Hamsini Communal Militia Party (South Africa) Police Forces of South Civilians (Senegal) Hlubi Ethnic Militia Africa (1994-) (South Africa) UDM: United Democratic Civilians (Somalia) Jesurun Brotherhood Movement Volksraad Verkiesing Kom- Civilians (South Sudan) Khuleka Communal Militia missie Party (South Africa) Civilians (Swaziland) KwaZulu-Natal Communal Militia (South Africa) Civilians (Tanzania) Labour Union Faction Militia Civilians (Zimbabwe) Mabaso Ethnic Militia (South Africa) Magangangozi Communal Militia (South Africa) Masemeni Communal Mili- tia (South Africa) Mhlwazini Communal Militia (South Africa) Mhwaduba Ethnic Militia (South Africa) Military Forces of Lesotho (1998-2012) Military Forces of Rwanda (1994-) MKVMA: Mkhonto we- Sizwe Military Veterans Association Msinga Communal Militia (South Africa) Mvelase Ethnic Militia (South Africa) NASMO: National Stu- dents Movement Ntsimbini Communal Mili- tia (South Africa) NUM: National Union of Mineworkers

218 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other NUMSA: National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa PAGAD: People Against Gangsterism and Drugs PASMA: Pan Africanist Student Movement of Aza- nia Police Forces of Mozam- bique (1990-) Police Forces of Swaziland (1986-) Prison Guards (South Africa) Private Security Forces (South Africa) Protesters (Democratic Republic of Congo) Protesters (Egypt) Protesters (Ethiopia) Protesters (International) Protesters (Kenya) Protesters (Lesotho) Protesters (Mozambique) Protesters (Nigeria) Protesters (Rwanda) Protesters (Somalia) Protesters (Swaziland) Protesters (Zimbabwe) PSCSA: Palestine Solidar- ity Committee of South Africa Rioters (Democratic Re- public of Congo) Rioters (Ethiopia) Rioters (International) Rioters (Lesotho) Rioters (Mozambique) Rioters (Nigeria) Rioters (Republic of Congo) Rioters (Somalia) Rioters (Zimbabwe)

219 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other SAMWU: South African Municipal Workers Union SASCO: South Africa Stu- dents Congress SATAWU: South African Transport and Allied Workers Union Shangaan Ethnic Militia (South Africa) Shona Ethnic Militia (South Africa) Sotho Ethnic Militia (South Africa) Transport Livelihood Mili- tia (South Africa) Unidentified Armed Group (International) Unidentified Armed Group (Lesotho) Unidentified Armed Group (Mozambique) Unidentified Armed Group (Rwanda) Unidentified Armed Group (Somalia) Unidentified Armed Group (South Africa) Unidentified Armed Group (Swaziland) Unidentified Armed Group (Tanzania) Unidentified Armed Group (Zimbabwe) Unidentified Communal Militia (South Africa) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (South Africa) UNR: Union of National- ists for Renewal Vigilante Militia (South Africa) Vigilante Militia (Zim- babwe) Xhosa Ethnic Militia (South Africa)

220 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Xolobeni Communal Mili- tia (South Africa) Zulu Ethnic Militia (South Africa)

2.100 Zambia

Government Challenger Civilian Other FDD: Forum for Democ- BFM: Barotseland Free- Civilians (Zambia) Christian Militia (Zambia) racy and Development dom Movement Government of Zambia Mutiny of Military Forces Civilians (Angola) Lunda Ethnic Militia (2011-) of Zambia (1991-2002) (Zambia) (National Redemption Council) MDD: Movement for Protesters (Zambia) Civilians (Democratic Re- Luvale Ethnic Militia Multi-Party Democracy public of Congo) (Zambia) Military Forces of Zambia Rioters (Zambia) Civilians (International) Military Forces of Angola (1991-2002) (1975-) Military Forces of Zambia Civilians (South Africa) Military Forces of Demo- (2011-) cratic Republic of Congo (1997-2001) MMD: Movement for Civilians (Tanzania) Military Forces of Demo- Multi-Party Democracy cratic Republic of Congo (2001-) PF: Patriotic Front Private Security Forces (Zambia) Police Forces of Zambia Protesters (International) (1991-2002) Police Forces of Zambia Protesters (Rwanda) (2002-2008) Police Forces of Zambia Protesters (Zimbabwe) (2008-2011) Police Forces of Zambia RCD-K: Rally for Con- (2011-) golese Democracy (Kisan- gani) Tongas under Oath Rioters (Democratic Re- public of Congo) UNPD: United Party for Rioters (Tanzania) National Development UPND: United Party for Unidentified Armed Group National Development (Angola) ZANU-PF: Zimbabwe Unidentified Armed Group African National Union- (Democratic Republic of Patriotic Front Congo) Unidentified Armed Group (Zambia)

221 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other UNITA: National Union for the Total Independence of Angola Vigilante Militia (Somalia) Vigilante Militia (Zambia) ZANU-PF: Zimbabwe African National Union- Patriotic Front

2.101 Zimbabwe

Government Challenger Civilian Other CIO: Central Intelligence Anti-Senate Militia Civilians (Zimbabwe) ”Al Shabaab” Militia Organization MDC-M: Movement for Chipangano Militia Civilians (Democratic Re- AAWU: Aggrieved Aﬃli- Democratic Change (Mu- public of Congo) ates Workers Union tambara Faction) MDC-N: Movement Mutiny of Military Forces Civilians (International) ANC: African National for Democratic Change of Zimbabwe (1987-) Congress (Ncube Faction) MDC-Renewal: Movement Top Six Militia Civilians (Mozambique) Duma Clan Militia (Zim- for Democratic Change babwe) (Biti Faction) MDC-T: Movement for Upfumi Kuvadiki Civilians (South Africa) Johanne Marange Apos- Democratic Change tolic Sect (Tsvangirai Faction) MDC: MDC-Renewal: Protesters (Zimbabwe) Militia (Farmers) Movement for Democratic Change (Biti Faction) MDC: Movement for Rioters (Zimbabwe) Militia (Miners) Democratic Change MDC: Movement for Nyau Communal Militia Democratic Change (Zimbabwe) (Mangoma Faction) MDC: Movement for Prison Guards (Zimbabwe) Democratic Change Pro-Senate Militia Military Forces of Zim- Private Security Forces babwe (1987-) (Zimbabwe) Military Forces of Zim- Protesters (Democratic babwe (1987-) Presidential Republic of Congo) Security Unit NCA: National Con- Protesters (Nigeria) stituent Assembly PF: People First Protesters (Uganda)

222 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Police Forces of Zimbabwe RENAMO: Mozambican (1987-) National Resistance ZANU-PF: Zimbabwe Rozvi Clan Militia (Zim- African National Union- babwe) Patriotic Front ZNYS: Zimbabwe National Unidentiﬁed Armed Group Youth Service (Democratic Republic of Congo) ZRP: Zimbabwe Republic Unidentiﬁed Armed Group Police Militia (Zimbabwe) Vigilante Militia (Zim- babwe) ZNLWVA: Zimbabwe Na- tional Liberation War Vet- erans Association

223 Actor Dictionaries xSub 3 Uppsala Conﬂict Data Program Georeferenced Event Dataset (GED)

Uppsala Conﬂict Data Program Georeferenced Event Dataset (UCDP GED) covers individ- ual geo-coded daily events of organized violence (phenomena of lethal violence occurring at a given time and place) (Sundberg and Melander, 2013).

224 Actor Dictionaries xSub 3.1 Afghanistan

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of al-Qaida (2001 - 2014) Civilians (1992 - 2014) Forces of Abdul Rahman Afghanistan (1989 - Khan (2003 - 2003) 2014) Government of United Harakat-i Inqilab-i Islami- Forces of Amanullah (2003 States of America (2001 - yi Afghanistan (1989 - - 2003) 2014) 1989) Hizb-i Islami-yi Forces of Amanullah Khan Afghanistan (1989 - (2002 - 2006) 2014) Hizb-i Islami-yi Forces of Arbab Basir Afghanistan - Khalis (2006 - 2006) faction (1989 - 1992) Hizb-i Wahdat (1989 - Forces of Ismail Khan 2003) (2002 - 2004) Hizb-i Wahdat - Akbari Forces of Sayed Mansur faction (1994 - 2003) Naderi (1995 - 1995) Ittihad-i Islami Bara-yi Government of Pakistan Azadi-yi Afghanistan (2011 - 2011) (1989 - 1989) Jamiat-ul-Dawa (1991 - Government of Tajikistan 1991) (1993 - 1995) Jam’iyyat-i Islami-yi Junbish-i Milli-yi Islami Afghanistan (1989 - 2007) (1992 - 2004) LeJ (2011 - 2011) Mahaz-i Milli-yi Islami-yi Afghanistan (1989 - 1996) Military faction (forces of UTO (1993 - 1995) Shahnawaz Tanay) (1990 - 1990) Shura-yi Nazar-i Shomali (1995 - 2000) Taleban (1994 - 2014) Taleban - Ali Dad faction (1996 - 1996) Taleban - Mola Khel faction (1996 - 1996) UIFSA (1996 - 2001)

3.2 Angola

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Angola FLEC-FAC (1992 - 2014) Civilians (1989 - 2010) (1989 - 2014) FLEC-R (1991 - 2005)

225 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other UNITA (1989 - 2013)

3.3 Albania

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Serbia (Yu- goslavia) (1999 - 1999) Al- bania UCK (1999 - 1999) Albania

3.4 United Arab Emirates

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Israel (2010 - 2010) United Arab Emi- rates Hamas (2010 - 2010) United Arab Emirates

3.5 Argentina

Government Challenger Civilian Other Hezbollah (1992 - 1992) Government of Israel (1992 - 1992)

3.6 Armenia

Government Challenger Civilian Other Republic of Nagorno- Civilians (2015 - 2015) Ar- Government of Azerbaijan Karabakh (1992 - 2016) menia (1992 - 2016) Armenia Armenia Government of Russia (So- viet Union) (2015 - 2015) Armenia

3.7 Australia

Government Challenger Civilian Other IS (2018 - 2018) Australia Civilians (2018 - 2018) Government of Iraq (2018 - Australia 2018) Australia

226 Actor Dictionaries xSub 3.8 Azerbaijan

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Azerbaijan Military faction (forces of Civilians (1992 - 1992) (1991 - 2016) Azerbaijan Suret Husseinov) (1993 - Azerbaijan 1994) Azerbaijan OPON Forces (1994 - 1995) Republic of Nagorno- Azerbaijan Karabakh (1991 - 2016) Azerbaijan

3.9 Burundi

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Burundi CNDD (1994 - 1998) Civilians (1991 - 2014) ALiR (1997 - 2000) (1990 - 2014) CNDD-FDD (1998 - 2004) FDLR (2002 - 2004) Frolina (1990 - 1997) FPR (1994 - 1994) Hutu rebels (1995 - 2000) Government of Rwanda (1994 - 2004) Palipehutu (1991 - 1995) Interahamwe, ex-FAR (1994 - 1994) Palipehutu-FNL (1997 - 2008) Palipehutu-FNL - LP (2007 - 2007)

3.10 Belgium

Government Challenger Civilian Other IS (2016 - 2016) Belgium Civilians (2016 - 2016) Bel- Government of Iraq (2016 - gium 2016) Belgium

3.11 Burkina Faso

Government Challenger Civilian Other GSPC (2016 - 2016) Burk- Civilians (2016 - 2016) ina Faso Burkina Faso

3.12 Bangladesh

227 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Bangladesh Jagrata Muslim Janata Civilians (1989 - 2013) BCP (1993 - 2004) (1989 - 2013) Bangladesh (2004 - 2010) Supporters of Awami JSS/SB (1989 - 2003) BNLF (2000 - 2000) League (1989 - 2014) Supporters of BNP (1989 - PBCP (1993 - 2010) Government of India (1990 2014) - 2008) PBCP-J (2004 - 2009) Government of Myanmar (Burma) (1991 - 2000) NLFT (2000 - 2009) RSO (2000 - 2000) Supporters of Jamaat-e- Islami (2013 - 2013)

3.13 Bahrain

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Bahrain Civilians (2011 - 2011) (2011 - 2011)

3.14 Bosnia & Herzegovina

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Bosnia- Autonomous Province of Civilians (1992 - 1995) Herzegovina (1992 - 1995) Western Bosnia (1993 - Bosnia-Herzegovina Bosnia-Herzegovina 1995) Bosnia-Herzegovina Government of Croatia Croatian irregulars (1993 - (1992 - 1995) Bosnia- 1994) Bosnia-Herzegovina Herzegovina Croatian Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina (1992 - 1995) Bosnia- Herzegovina Serbian irregulars (1992 - 1995) Bosnia-Herzegovina Serbian irregulars, Serbian Republic of Bosnia- Herzegovina (1992 - 1995) Bosnia-Herzegovina Serbian Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina (1992 - 1995) Bosnia- Herzegovina

228 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Serbian Republic of Kra- jina (1992 - 1995) Bosnia- Herzegovina

3.15 Bolivia

Government Challenger Civilian Other Laime (1998 - 2000) Bo- livia Qaqachaca (1998 - 2000) Bolivia

3.16 Brazil

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Brazil Civilians (1993 - 2008) Amigos dos Amigos (1999 - (1993 - 2008) Brazil Brazil 2012) Brazil Barriga gang (1997 - 2000) Brazil Comando Vermelho (1993 - 2014) Brazil Sujeirinha gang (1997 - 2000) Brazil Terceiro Comando (1993 - 2012) Brazil Terceiro Comando Puro (2004 - 2014) Brazil

3.17 Bhutan

Government Challenger Civilian Other NDFB (1997 - 2004) Civilians (2004 - 2004) Government of India (1997 - 1997)

3.18 Botswana

Government Challenger Civilian Other Civilians (1990 - 1990) Government of South Africa (1990 - 1990)

3.19 Central African Republic

229 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Central CPJP (2009 - 2011) Civilians (1991 - 2014) anti-Balaka (2013 - 2014) African Republic (1991 - 2014) Forces of Francois Bozize Christians (CAR) (2011 - (2002 - 2003) 2014) FPR-BL (2012 - 2014) Government of Chad (2008 - 2008) FPRC (2013 - 2014) Government of Uganda (2009 - 2014) Military faction (forces of Janjaweed (2007 - 2007) Andr Kolingba) (2001 - 2001) Muslims (CAR) (2011 - LRA (2008 - 2014) 2014) Seleka (2012 - 2013) UFDR (2006 - 2011) UPC (Al Khatim rebels and Ali Darass Fulani supporters) (2014 - 2014)

3.20 Canada

Government Challenger Civilian Other Hells Angels (1994 - 2001) Canada Rock Machine (1994 - 2001) Canada

3.21 China

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of China ETIM (1990 - 2008) Civilians (1989 - 2008) Government of Myanmar (1989 - 2008) (Burma) (2009 - 2009) Han Chinese (2009 - 2009) MNDAA (2009 - 2009) Uighur (2009 - 2009)

3.22 Cte dIvoire

Government Challenger Civilian Other FRCI (2004 - 2011) Ivory FDSI-CI (2011 - 2011) Civilians (1993 - 2013) AJPSN (2011 - 2011) Ivory Coast Ivory Coast Ivory Coast Coast

230 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Ivory Coast FN - IC (2004 - 2004) Ivory Burkinab (2001 - 2006) (2000 - 2013) Ivory Coast Coast Ivory Coast MILOCI (2005 - 2005) Dioula (2005 - 2005) Ivory Ivory Coast Coast MJP (2002 - 2003) Ivory Government of Liberia Coast (1990 - 1990) Ivory Coast MPCI (2002 - 2003) Ivory Gur (2001 - 2011) Ivory Coast Coast MPIGO (2002 - 2003) LPC (1995 - 1996) Ivory Ivory Coast Coast Supporters of Alassane Malink (2011 - 2011) Ivory Outtara (2000 - 2012) Coast Ivory Coast NPFL (1990 - 1995) Ivory Coast Senufo (2005 - 2005) Ivory Coast Supporters of Laurent Gbagbo (2000 - 2012) Ivory Coast

3.23 Cameroon

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Cameroon Jama’atu Ahlis Sunna Civilians (1990 - 2014) Bafanji (1998 - 1998) (1990 - 2009) Lidda’awati wal-Jihad (2013 - 2014) Balikumbat (1998 - 1998) Banya (1991 - 1991) Choa Arab (1992 - 1994) Foulbe, Hausa (1991 - 1991) Government of Nigeria (1994 - 2014) Kotoko (1992 - 1994)

3.24 Congo - Kinshasa

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of DR Congo AFDL (1996 - 1997) DR Civilians (1989 - 2014) DR ADF (1996 - 2014) DR (Zaire) (1989 - 2014) DR Congo (Zaire) Congo (Zaire) Congo (Zaire) Congo (Zaire)

231 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Interahamwe, ex-FAR ALiR (1996 - 2000) DR Alur (2002 - 2002) DR (1994 - 1994) DR Congo Congo (Zaire) Congo (Zaire) (Zaire) Interahamwe, MAGRIVI ALiR, CNDD-FDD , Mayi APCLS (2012 - 2014) DR (1996 - 1996) DR Congo Mayi (1999 - 2001) DR Congo (Zaire) (Zaire) Congo (Zaire) ALiR, Mayi Mayi (1998 - Bafulero (2013 - 2014) DR 2000) DR Congo (Zaire) Congo (Zaire) FDLR (2001 - 2014) DR Bafulero, Bavira (1998 - Congo (Zaire) 1998) DR Congo (Zaire) FDLR, FNL-Rwasa, Bangadi Militia (2008 - PARC-FAAL (2011 - 2011) 2008) DR Congo (Zaire) DR Congo (Zaire) FLEC-FAC (2008 - 2011) Banyamulenge (1998 - DR Congo (Zaire) 1998) DR Congo (Zaire) Kata Katanga (2011 - Banyamulenge, Barundi 2014) DR Congo (Zaire) (2013 - 2014) DR Congo (Zaire) M23 (2012 - 2013) DR Banyarwanda (1993 - 1994) Congo (Zaire) DR Congo (Zaire) M23-R (2013 - 2013) DR BDK (1998 - 2008) DR Congo (Zaire) Congo (Zaire) MLC (1998 - 2001) DR Bena Kapuya (2007 - 2007) Congo (Zaire) DR Congo (Zaire) MLC, RCD-N (2001 - Bena Nsimba (2007 - 2007) 2002) DR Congo (Zaire) DR Congo (Zaire) MLC, RCD-N, UPC (2002 CNDD (1996 - 1996) DR - 2002) DR Congo (Zaire) Congo (Zaire) NDC (2012 - 2014) DR CNDD-FDD (2002 - 2003) Congo (Zaire) DR Congo (Zaire) RCD (1998 - 2004) DR CNDD-FDD, Mayi-Mayi Congo (Zaire) (2000 - 2000) DR Congo (Zaire) RCD - CP (2004 - 2004) CNDP (2006 - 2009) DR DR Congo (Zaire) Congo (Zaire) RCD-K-ML (2000 - 2003) Cobras (1997 - 1997) DR DR Congo (Zaire) Congo (Zaire) RCD - LN (2004 - 2004) FAPC (2003 - 2004) DR DR Congo (Zaire) Congo (Zaire) RCD-ML (1999 - 2001) DR FAPC, FNI (2003 - 2003) Congo (Zaire) DR Congo (Zaire) RCD-N (2003 - 2003) DR FDC (2011 - 2014) DR Congo (Zaire) Congo (Zaire) UPC (2002 - 2003) DR FDDH (2014 - 2014) DR Congo (Zaire) Congo (Zaire)

232 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other FLC (2001 - 2001) DR Congo (Zaire) FNI (2002 - 2008) DR Congo (Zaire) FNI, FRPI (2003 - 2003) DR Congo (Zaire) FNI, FRPI, RCD-K-ML (2003 - 2003) DR Congo (Zaire) Forces of Paul Joseph Mukungubila (2013 - 2013) DR Congo (Zaire) FRF (2002 - 2002) DR Congo (Zaire) FRPI, RCD-K-ML (2002 - 2002) DR Congo (Zaire) Government of Angola (1994 - 2011) DR Congo (Zaire) Government of Burundi (2002 - 2002) DR Congo (Zaire) Government of Congo (1994 - 1997) DR Congo (Zaire) Government of Rwanda (1994 - 2012) DR Congo (Zaire) Government of Uganda (1996 - 2014) DR Congo (Zaire) Government of Zimbabwe (Rhodesia) (1999 - 1999) DR Congo (Zaire) Hema (1999 - 2003) DR Congo (Zaire) Hunde (1993 - 1996) DR Congo (Zaire) Hunde, Nyanga (1993 - 1994) DR Congo (Zaire) Hutu (1993 - 1996) DR Congo (Zaire) Lendu (1999 - 2003) DR Congo (Zaire) LRA (2006 - 2014) DR Congo (Zaire)

233 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Mayi Mayi (1996 - 2012) DR Congo (Zaire) Mayi Mayi - Chinja Chinja (2004 - 2005) DR Congo (Zaire) Mayi Mayi Complet (2010 - 2010) DR Congo (Zaire) Mayi Mayi Kifuafua, Raia Mutomboki (2012 - 2012) DR Congo (Zaire) Mayi Mayi Lumumba (2012 - 2012) DR Congo (Zaire) Mayi Mayi - Makabe (2002 - 2003) DR Congo (Zaire) Mayi Mayi - Ngilima (1996 - 1996) DR Congo (Zaire) Ninjas (1994 - 1994) DR Congo (Zaire) Nyatura (2013 - 2013) DR Congo (Zaire) Palipehutu-FNL (2002 - 2004) DR Congo (Zaire) PARC-FAAL (2010 - 2014) DR Congo (Zaire) PARECO (2007 - 2009) DR Congo (Zaire) PUSIC (2003 - 2003) DR Congo (Zaire) Raia Mutomboki (2011 - 2012) DR Congo (Zaire) Raia Mutomboki - Bravo (2014 - 2014) DR Congo (Zaire) Raia Mutomboki - Makombo (2014 - 2014) DR Congo (Zaire) Rastas (2005 - 2007) DR Congo (Zaire) SPLM/A (1993 - 1993) DR Congo (Zaire) UNITA (1994 - 1994) DR Congo (Zaire)

3.25 Congo - Brazzaville

234 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Cocoyes (1997 - 1999) Cobras (1994 - 1997) Civilians (1992 - 2005) Government of Angola Congo Congo Congo (2008 - 2012) Congo Government of Congo FLEC-FAC (2008 - 2012) (1992 - 2007) Congo Congo Ninjas (1993 - 1998) Congo Ntsiloulous (1998 - 2007) Congo

3.26 Colombia

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Colombia ELN (1989 - 2016) Colom- Civilians (1989 - 2016) AUC (1989 - 2007) Colom- (1989 - 2016) Colombia bia Colombia bia ELN, FARC (2003 - 2003) Bloque Central Bolvar Colombia (2002 - 2003) Colombia EPL (1989 - 2016) Colom- Cali Cartel (1990 - 1990) bia Colombia FARC (1989 - 2016) MAS (1990 - 1992) Colom- Colombia bia Medelln Cartel (1989 - 1993) Colombia PEPES (1993 - 1993) Colombia

3.27 Comoros

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Comoros MPA/Republic of Anjouan (1989 - 1997) (1997 - 1998) Presidential guard (1989 - MPA - SOC (1998 - 1998) 1989)

3.28 Germany

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Iran (1992 - 1992) Germany KDPI (1992 - 1992) Ger- many

3.29 Djibouti

235 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Djibouti Al-Shabaab (2014 - 2014) Civilians (2014 - 2014) Dji- Forces of Abdurahman (1991 - 2008) Djibouti Djibouti bouti Ahmed Ali ’Tur’ (1995 - 1995) Djibouti FRUD (1991 - 1995) Dji- Government of Eritrea bouti (2008 - 2008) Djibouti FRUD - AD (1997 - 1999) Government of Somalia Djibouti (1989 - 1990) Djibouti SNM (1989 - 1990) Dji- Oromo (1991 - 1991) Dji- bouti bouti Republic of Somaliland (1995 - 1995) Djibouti Somali (Ethiopia) (1991 - 1991) Djibouti

3.30 Algeria

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Algeria AIS (1992 - 1999) Civilians (1993 - 2013) Tuareg Indinan (2013 - (1990 - 2014) 2013) AQIM (1998 - 2014) GIA (1992 - 2004) GIA - El Ahd Battalion (1998 - 1998) GIA - El Forkane (1998 - 1998) GIA - El Khadra Battalion (1998 - 1998) MUJAO (2012 - 2013) Signed-in-Blood Battalion (2013 - 2013) Takﬁr wa’l Hijra (1990 - 1992)

3.31 Ecuador

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Ecuador AUC (2001 - 2001) (1995 - 1995) Ecuador Ecuador FARC (2001 - 2008) Ecuador Government of Colombia (2008 - 2008) Ecuador Government of Peru (1995 - 1995) Ecuador

236 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Huaorani (2003 - 2003) Ecuador Tagaeri (2003 - 2003) Ecuador

3.32 Egypt

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Egypt al-Gama’a al-Islamiyya Civilians (1990 - 2005) Bani Hilal (2014 - 2014) (1990 - 2014) Egypt (1992 - 2000) Egypt Egypt Egypt Supporters of Mohamed Tawhid wal Jihad (2004 - Copts (Egypt) (1995 - Morsi (2012 - 2014) Egypt 2005) Egypt 2014) Egypt Wilayat Sinai (2014 - 2014) Government of Israel (2010 Egypt - 2010) Egypt Hamas (2010 - 2010) Egypt Muslims (Egypt) (1995 - 2014) Egypt Nubian Dabudiya (2014 - 2014) Egypt Opponents of Mohamed Morsi (2012 - 2014) Egypt Supporters of al-Ahly football team (2012 - 2012) Egypt Supporters of al-Masry football team (2012 - 2012) Egypt

3.33 Eritrea

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Eritrea EIJM - AS (1993 - 2003) Government of Ethiopia (1993 - 2003) Eritrea Eritrea (1998 - 2000) Eritrea

3.34 Spain

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Spain (1989 ETA (1989 - 2011) Spain Civilians (2004 - 2004) - 2011) Spain Spain GICM (2004 - 2004) Spain

237 Actor Dictionaries xSub 3.35 Ethiopia

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Ethiopia Afar (2000 - 2012) Ethiopia Civilians (1989 - 2014) Ajuran (2000 - 2000) (1989 - 2014) Ethiopia Ethiopia Ethiopia AIAI (1993 - 1999) Amaro (2006 - 2006) Ethiopia Ethiopia al-Gama’a al-Islamiyya Amhara (1989 - 2005) (1995 - 1995) Ethiopia Ethiopia Al-Shabaab (2007 - 2014) Anuak (2002 - 2004) Ethiopia Ethiopia EPLF (1989 - 1991) Arbore (1992 - 1993) Ethiopia Ethiopia EPRDF (1989 - 1991) Ari (1991 - 1999) Ethiopia Ethiopia IGLF (1991 - 1992) Bi’idyahan subclan of Ma- Ethiopia jerteen clan (Darod) (2003 - 2003) Ethiopia Military faction (forces of Borana (1991 - 2012) Amsha Desta and Merid Ethiopia Negusie) (1989 - 1989) Ethiopia Military faction (Harar Borana, Guji (2000 - 2001) garrison) (1991 - 1991) Ethiopia Ethiopia OLF (1989 - 2014) Burji (2006 - 2007) Ethiopia Ethiopia ONLF (1994 - 2014) Dassanetch (1993 - 2010) Ethiopia Ethiopia Dawa (2003 - 2003) Ethiopia Degodia (1992 - 2002) Ethiopia Derashe (2001 - 2008) Ethiopia Dinka (2002 - 2002) Ethiopia Dizi (1991 - 2012) Ethiopia Gabra (1992 - 2011) Ethiopia Gabra, Garre (1992 - 2009) Ethiopia Garre (2000 - 2012) Ethiopia Gedeo (1995 - 1998) Ethiopia

238 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Geri (2001 - 2001) Ethiopia Government of Egypt (1995 - 1995) Ethiopia Government of Eritrea (1998 - 2000) Ethiopia Government of Kenya (2005 - 2005) Ethiopia Government of Somalia (2013 - 2014) Ethiopia Government of Sudan (2011 - 2011) Ethiopia Guji (1991 - 2007) Ethiopia Gumuz (2007 - 2008) Ethiopia Gura (2003 - 2003) Ethiopia Hamar (1997 - 2004) Ethiopia Highlanders (2004 - 2004) Ethiopia Ismail subclan of Makahil clan (Darod) (2003 - 2003) Ethiopia Issa (2000 - 2012) Ethiopia Kereyou (2002 - 2003) Ethiopia Konso (2007 - 2008) Ethiopia Lou Nuer (2012 - 2012) Ethiopia Majerteen subclan (Darod) (2001 - 2006) Ethiopia Makahin (2001 - 2001) Ethiopia Marehan subclan of Sede clan (Darod) (2001 - 2006) Ethiopia Murle (2006 - 2012) Ethiopia Mursi (1991 - 1999) Ethiopia Nuer (2002 - 2006) Ethiopia Nyangatom (1997 - 2009) Ethiopia

239 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Ogaden clan (Darod) (2002 - 2004) Ethiopia Oromo (1989 - 2008) Ethiopia Rer Liban subclan (Issaq) (1992 - 1992) Ethiopia Rer Samatar subclan of Habr Awal (Issaq) (1992 - 1992) Ethiopia Sheikhal clan (Dir) (2002 - 2002) Ethiopia Somali (Ethiopia) (1991 - 2005) Ethiopia SPLM/A (1989 - 1989) Ethiopia SPLM/A-North (2011 - 2011) Ethiopia Suri (1991 - 2012) Ethiopia Tishana-Meen (2001 - 2001) Ethiopia Turkana (1993 - 2010) Ethiopia Zeyle (2001 - 2001) Ethiopia

3.36 France

Government Challenger Civilian Other al-Qaida (2012 - 2012) Civilians (1995 - 2012) Fatah (1992 - 1992) France France France GIA (1995 - 1995) France Government of Israel (1992 - 1992) France Government of Sri Lanka (1996 - 1996) France LTTE (1996 - 1996) France

3.37 United Kingdom

Government Challenger Civilian Other al-Qaida (2005 - 2005) Civilians (2005 - 2005) United Kingdom United Kingdom

240 Actor Dictionaries xSub 3.38 Georgia

Government Challenger Civilian Other Forest Brothers, White Le- National Guard and Civilians (1993 - 1995) Chechen Republic of Ichk- gion (1998 - 1998) Georgia Mkhedrioni (1991 - 1991) Georgia eria (2002 - 2002) Georgia Georgia Government of Georgia Republic of Abkhazia Government of Russia (So- (1991 - 2011) Georgia (1992 - 2011) Georgia viet Union) (2002 - 2002) Georgia White Legion (1997 - 1997) Republic of South Ossetia Georgia (1992 - 2008) Georgia Zviadists (1992 - 1993) Georgia

3.39 Ghana

Government Challenger Civilian Other Abudu (2002 - 2002) Ghana Andani (2002 - 2002) Ghana Dagomba, Gonja, Nanumba (1993 - 1995) Ghana Gonja (1991 - 1992) Ghana Konkomba (1993 - 1995) Ghana Konkomba, Nawuri (1991 - 1992) Ghana Kusasi (2000 - 2010) Ghana Mamprusi (2000 - 2010) Ghana

3.40 Guinea

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Guinea RFDG (2000 - 2001) Civilians (1994 - 2010) AFRC (1998 - 1998) (2000 - 2010) Guinea Guinea Guinea Guinea Konianke (2013 - 2013) Guinea Kpelle (2011 - 2013) Guinea LDF (1994 - 1994) Guinea

241 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Malink (2011 - 2011) Guinea RUF (1998 - 2000) Guinea Torma (2000 - 2000) Guinea Torma Manian (2000 - 2000) Guinea ULIMO - K (1996 - 1996) Guinea

3.41 Gambia

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Gambia Civilians (1996 - 2005) (1996 - 2005) Gambia Gambia

3.42 Guinea-Bissau

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Guinea- Military Junta for the Con- Government of Senegal Bissau (1998 - 1999) solidation of Democracy, (1992 - 2000) Guinea- Guinea-Bissau Peace and Justice (1998 - Bissau 1999) Guinea-Bissau MFDC (1992 - 2000) Guinea-Bissau

3.43 Guatemala

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Guatemala URNG (1989 - 1996) Civilians (1989 - 2011) Gulf Cartel (2008 - 2008) (1989 - 2007) Guatemala Guatemala Guatemala Guatemala Los Zetas (2011 - 2011) Guatemala Mara 18 (Guatemala) (2001 - 2015) Guatemala Mara Salvatrucha (Guatemala) (2001 - 2015) Guatemala Sinaloa Cartel (2008 - 2008) Guatemala

3.44 Guyana

242 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Civilians (2008 - 2008) Buxton gang (2008 - 2008) Guyana Guyana

3.45 Honduras

Government Challenger Civilian Other Civilians (2003 - 2004) Gulf Cartel (2010 - 2010) Honduras Honduras Mara 18 (Honduras) (1999 - 2016) Honduras Mara Salvatrucha (Hon- duras) (1999 - 2016) Hon- duras Sinaloa Cartel (2010 - 2010) Honduras

3.46 Croatia

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Croatia Serbian irregulars (1992 - Civilians (1993 - 1995) Autonomous Province of (1992 - 1995) Croatia 1992) Croatia Croatia Western Bosnia (1995 - 1995) Croatia Serbian Republic of Government of Bosnia- Bosnia-Herzegovina (1992 Herzegovina (1992 - 1995) - 1992) Croatia Croatia Serbian Republic of Kra- jina (1992 - 1995) Croatia

3.47 Haiti

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Haiti (1989 FLRN (2004 - 2004) Haiti Civilians (1990 - 2005) - 2005) Haiti Haiti OP Lavalas (Chimres) Military faction (forces of (2004 - 2004) Haiti Himmler Rebu and Guy Francois) (1989 - 1989) Haiti Supporters of Jean- Military faction (forces of Bertrand Aristide (1991 - Raol Cdras) (1991 - 1991) 1991) Haiti Haiti Supporters of Roger La- fontant (1991 - 1991) Haiti

243 Actor Dictionaries xSub 3.48 Indonesia

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Indonesia Fretilin (1992 - 1999) In- Civilians (1990 - 2011) In- Christians (Indonesia) (1989 - 2011) Indonesia donesia donesia (1999 - 2011) Indonesia GAM (1989 - 2008) In- Dayak (1997 - 2001) In- donesia donesia Jemaah Islamiya (2002 - Dayak, Malay (1999 - 2005) Indonesia 1999) Indonesia Laskar Jihad (2000 - 2002) Madurese (1997 - 2001) In- Indonesia donesia Muslims (Indonesia) (1999 - 2011) Indonesia

3.49 India

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of India (1989 ABSU (1989 - 1990) India Civilians (1989 - 2014) In- Assamese (1989 - 2003) In- - 2014) India dia dia Al-Umma (1998 - 1998) In- Bangladeshi Immigrants dia (2012 - 2012) India ATTF (1992 - 2008) India Bihari (2003 - 2003) India BLTF (1996 - 2003) India Bodo (1989 - 2012) India CPI-Maoist (2005 - 2014) Dimasa (2009 - 2009) India India CPI-ML-J (1999 - 2006) In- Government of Bangladesh dia (2013 - 2013) India DHD (2003 - 2006) India Government of Myanmar (Burma) (2000 - 2000) In- dia DHD - BW (2007 - 2008) Government of Pakistan India (1990 - 2014) India GNLA (2010 - 2014) India Hindus (India) (1989 - 2013) India HPC (2003 - 2003) India Kuki (1993 - 1999) India HuM (1991 - 1995) India Muslims (India) (1989 - 2013) India Indian Mujahideen (2003 - Naga (1993 - 1999) India 2013) India JKLF (1991 - 1995) India Paite (1997 - 1998) India Kashmir insurgents (1989 - Santhal (1996 - 2001) India 2014) India KCP (1997 - 2012) India Tripura Non-Tribal Com- munities (1999 - 2000) In- dia

244 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other KNF (1993 - 2009) India Tripura Tribal Communi- ties (1999 - 2000) India KRA (2001 - 2009) India VHP (1999 - 2002) India Lashkar-e-Taiba (2002 - Zeme Naga (2009 - 2009) 2008) India India MCC (1992 - 2004) India NDFB (1992 - 2011) India NDFB - RD (2009 - 2013) India NDFB-S (2013 - 2014) In- dia NLFT (1992 - 2014) India NLFT-B (2003 - 2006) In- dia NSCN-IM (1989 - 2014) In- dia NSCN-K (1999 - 2014) In- dia NSCN-K-K (2011 - 2014) India NSCN-U (2008 - 2008) In- dia PCPA (2010 - 2010) India PLA (1992 - 2014) India PLFI (2009 - 2014) India PREPAK (1999 - 2010) In- dia PULF (2000 - 2011) India PWG (1989 - 2004) India Ranvir Sena (1997 - 2003) India Sikh insurgents (1989 - 2009) India ULFA (1989 - 2014) India UNLF (1993 - 2014) India UPDS (2000 - 2007) India

3.50 Iran

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Iran (1990 - Jondullah (2005 - 2012) Civilians (2009 - 2009) Iran Government of Iraq (1996 - 2014) Iran Iran 1996) Iran KDPI (1990 - 1996) Iran PUK (1996 - 1996) Iran MEK (1991 - 2001) Iran

245 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other PJAK (2005 - 2014) Iran

3.51 Iraq

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Iraq (1990 - 1920 Revolution Brigades Civilians (1990 - 2014) Iraq Government of Iran (1991 - 2014) Iraq (2007 - 2007) Iraq 2011) Iraq AAH (2009 - 2009) Iraq Government of Kuwait (1991 - 1991) Iraq al-Mahdi Army (2004 - Government of Turkey 2009) Iraq (1992 - 2013) Iraq al-Shaman (1992 - 1992) KDPI (1993 - 1996) Iraq Iraq Ansar al-Islam (2001 - MEK (1991 - 2001) Iraq 2011) Iraq IMK (1992 - 1994) Iraq PJAK (2006 - 2011) Iraq IS (2004 - 2014) Iraq PKK (1992 - 2013) Iraq Jamaat Jund al-Sahaba (2005 - 2006) Iraq JRTN (2014 - 2014) Iraq KDP (1990 - 2000) Iraq PUK (1990 - 2006) Iraq RJF (2004 - 2007) Iraq SCIRI (1991 - 2004) Iraq

3.52 Israel

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Israel (1989 AMB (2000 - 2006) Israel Civilians (1989 - 2014) Is- Fatah (1989 - 2014) Israel - 2014) Israel rael PNA (1995 - 2007) Israel Hamas (1989 - 2014) Israel Hezbollah (1992 - 2006) Is- rael PFLP (1989 - 2014) Israel PFLP-GC (1989 - 1989) Is- rael PIJ (1989 - 2014) Israel PRC (2001 - 2014) Israel

3.53 Italy

246 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Iran (1993 - 1993) Italy MEK (1993 - 1993) Italy

3.54 Jamaica

Government Challenger Civilian Other Supporters of PNP (1989 - Supporters of JLP (1989 - 2003) Jamaica 2003) Jamaica

3.55 Jordan

Government Challenger Civilian Other IS (2005 - 2005) Jordan Civilians (1992 - 2005) Jor- Government of Iraq (1992 - dan 1992) Jordan

3.56 Kenya

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Kenya Al-Shabaab (2011 - 2014) Civilians (1989 - 2014) Ajuran (2000 - 2000) (1990 - 2013) Kenya Kenya Kenya Kenya ARS/UIC (2007 - 2007) Borana (1996 - 2014) Kenya Kenya SLDF (2006 - 2008) Kenya Burji, Gabra (2013 - 2014) Kenya Dassanetch (1989 - 2014) Kenya Degodia (1998 - 2014) Kenya Dinka (1996 - 1996) Kenya Dodoth (2010 - 2010) Kenya Gabra (1997 - 2014) Kenya Garre (2000 - 2014) Kenya Garre subclan of Digil clan (Digil-Miriﬂe) (2005 - 2008) Kenya Government of Ethiopia (1999 - 2011) Kenya Government of Somalia (2007 - 2014) Kenya Government of Uganda (1989 - 2008) Kenya

247 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Hawarsame Rer Hasan and Habar Ya’qub subclan of Marehan clan (Darod) (2004 - 2004) Kenya Jie (1999 - 2008) Kenya Kalenjin (1991 - 2008) Kenya Karimojong (1989 - 1989) Kenya Kikuyu (1991 - 2008) Kenya Kisii (1997 - 2008) Kenya Luhya (1992 - 1993) Kenya Luo (2007 - 2008) Kenya Luo, Kisii (1992 - 1992) Kenya Maasai (1992 - 2008) Kenya Marakwet (1999 - 2001) Kenya Matheniko Karimojong (2013 - 2013) Kenya MDF (2008 - 2008) Kenya Mungiki (2007 - 2009) Kenya Murule subclan of Gu- gundabe clan (Hawiye) (2005 - 2008) Kenya Nandi (1998 - 1998) Kenya Nuer (1996 - 1996) Kenya Nyangatom (1993 - 2011) Kenya Nyangatom, Toposa (1989 - 2006) Kenya OLF (1999 - 2001) Kenya ONLF (2011 - 2011) Kenya Orma (2012 - 2013) Kenya Orma, Wardei (2001 - 2001) Kenya Pokomo (2001 - 2013) Kenya Pokot (1989 - 2014) Kenya Pokot, Samburu (1996 - 1996) Kenya

248 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Rer Ahmad subclan (Hawiye) (2004 - 2004) Kenya Sabiny (2005 - 2005) Kenya Samburu (1992 - 2014) Kenya Somali (Kenya) (1996 - 2009) Kenya Toposa (1993 - 2011) Kenya Turkana (1991 - 2014) Kenya

3.57 Kyrgyzstan

Government Challenger Civilian Other IMU (1999 - 2006) Kyr- Government of Uzbekistan gyzstan (1999 - 2006) Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyz (2010 - 2010) Kyr- gyzstan Uzbek (2010 - 2010) Kyr- gyzstan

3.58 Cambodia

Government Challenger Civilian Other FUNCINPEC (1989 - KPNLF (1989 - 1991) Civilians (1990 - 2012) Government of Thailand 1998) (1997 - 2011) Government of Cambodia KR (1989 - 1998) (Kampuchea) (1989 - 2012)

3.59 Kuwait

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Kuwait Civilians (1990 - 1996) Government of Iraq (1990 - (1990 - 1991) Kuwait Kuwait 1996) Kuwait

3.60 Laos

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Laos (1989 LRM (1989 - 2000) Laos Civilians (1990 - 2006) - 2006) Laos Laos

249 Actor Dictionaries xSub 3.61 Lebanon

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Lebanon Brigades of Aisha (2013 - Civilians (1994 - 2013) ADP (2013 - 2013) (1989 - 2014) Lebanon 2013) Lebanon Lebanon Lebanon Fatah (1989 - 1992) Alawite (Lebanon) (2012 - Lebanon 2014) Lebanon Fatah Revolutionary Amal (1989 - 2000) Council (1989 - 1990) Lebanon Lebanon Forces of Michel Aoun Government of Iraq (1994 - (1989 - 1993) Lebanon 1994) Lebanon IS (2014 - 2014) Lebanon Government of Israel (1989 - 2006) Lebanon PFLP-GC (1989 - 2006) Hezbollah (1989 - 2014) Lebanon Lebanon PFLP (1989 - 1996) Jabhat al-Nusra li al-Sham Lebanon (2013 - 2014) Lebanon Lebanese Forces (1989 - 1993) Lebanon PIJ (1992 - 2006) Lebanon PSP (1989 - 2008) Lebanon SLA (1989 - 2000) Lebanon Sunni (Lebanon) (2012 - 2014) Lebanon

3.62 Liberia

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Liberia AFL, LPC, ULIMO-J Civilians (1989 - 2003) Government of Guinea (1989 - 2003) Liberia (1996 - 1996) Liberia Liberia (2001 - 2001) Liberia INPFL (1990 - 1991) Government of Sierra Liberia Leone (1993 - 1993) Liberia LDF (1993 - 1994) Liberia RFDG (2001 - 2001) Liberia LPC (1993 - 1996) Liberia RUF (1993 - 1993) Liberia LURD (2000 - 2003) Liberia MODEL (2003 - 2003) Liberia NPFL (1989 - 1996) Liberia NPFL, ULIMO-K (1996 - 1996) Liberia

250 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other ULIMO - J (1994 - 1997) Liberia ULIMO - K (1994 - 1996) Liberia ULIMO (1991 - 1993) Liberia

3.63 Libya

Government Challenger Civilian Other Forces of Muammar Ansar al-Sharia (Libya) Civilians (2011 - 2011) al-Toubou (2014 - 2014) Gaddaﬁ (2011 - 2011) (2014 - 2014) Libya Libya Libya Libya Government of Libya (2011 NTC (2011 - 2011) Libya Awlad Suleiman (2014 - - 2014) Libya 2014) Libya Libya Dawn (2014 - 2014) Gontrar, Zintan (2012 - Libya 2012) Libya Libyan National Army Mashashia (2012 - 2012) (2014 - 2014) Libya Libya Zintan Brigades (2014 - 2014) Libya

3.64 Sri Lanka

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Sri Lanka EPRLF (1989 - 1990) Sri Civilians (1989 - 2013) Sri Muslims (Sri Lanka) (1989 (1989 - 2013) Sri Lanka Lanka Lanka - 2005) Sri Lanka JVP (1989 - 1990) Sri Supporters of PA (1994 - Lanka 1999) Sri Lanka LTTE - K (2004 - 2009) Sri Supporters of UNP (1994 - Lanka 1999) Sri Lanka LTTE (1989 - 2009) Sri Tamil (1989 - 2005) Sri Lanka Lanka PLOTE (1989 - 1990) Sri Lanka

3.65 Lesotho

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Lesotho Military faction (1998 - (1998 - 1998) Lesotho 1998) Lesotho

251 Actor Dictionaries xSub 3.66 Morocco

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Morocco POLISARIO (1989 - 1991) Civilians (2003 - 2003) Mo- (1989 - 1991) Morocco Morocco rocco Salaﬁa Jihadia (2003 - 2003) Morocco

3.67 Moldova

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Moldova PMR (1992 - 1992) (1992 - 1992) Moldova Moldova

3.68 Madagascar

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Madagas- Supporters of Andry Ra- Civilians (2009 - 2012) Supporters of Didier Rat- car (2009 - 2012) Madagas- joelina (2009 - 2009) Mada- Madagascar (Malagasy) siraka (2002 - 2002) Mada- car (Malagasy) gascar (Malagasy) gascar (Malagasy) Supporters of Marc Raval- omanana (2002 - 2009) Madagascar (Malagasy)

3.69 Mexico

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Mexico EPR (1996 - 1998) Mexico Civilians (1989 - 2016) Autodefensas Unidas de (1989 - 2016) Mexico Mexico Michoacn (2013 - 2015) Mexico EZLN (1994 - 1996) Mex- Beltrn Leyva Cartel (2008 ico - 2016) Mexico Beltrn Leyva Cartel - Valdez Villareal faction (2010 - 2010) Mexico Cartel Independiente de Acapulco (2011 - 2015) Mexico Garcia clan (1993 - 1993) Mexico Guerreros Unidos (2012 - 2016) Mexico Gulf Cartel (2004 - 2016) Mexico

252 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Gulf Cartel - Dragones de Sheyla faction (2014 - 2014) Mexico Gulf Cartel - Los Fresitas faction (2014 - 2014) Mex- ico Gulf Cartel - Ramirez Tre- vio faction (2013 - 2013) Mexico Gulf Cartel - Villareal faction (2013 - 2013) Mexico Hells Angels (1995 - 1995) Mexico Jalisco Cartel New Gener- ation (2011 - 2016) Mexico Juarez Cartel (2004 - 2016) Mexico La Barredora (2011 - 2015) Mexico La Familia (2011 - 2014) Mexico La Mochomera (2013 - 2014) Mexico La Resistencia (2011 - 2011) Mexico Los Ardillos (2014 - 2016) Mexico Los Caballeros Templarios (2011 - 2016) Mexico Los Rojos (2012 - 2016) Mexico Los Zetas (2010 - 2016) Mexico Los Zetas - Crtel del Noreste faction (2016 - 2016) Mexico Los Zetas - Jorge Ivan Hernandez Cantu faction (2016 - 2016) Mexico Los Zetas - Juan Pedro Sal- vador Saldivar Farias faction (2016 - 2016) Mexico Los Zetas - Old School Ze- tas faction (2016 - 2016) Mexico

253 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Los Zetas - Velazquez Ca- ballero faction (2012 - 2012) Mexico Mara 18 (Guatemala) (2004 - 2004) Mexico Mara Salvatrucha (Guatemala) (2004 - 2004) Mexico Paz y Justicia (1997 - 1997) Mexico Pena Rojas clan (1993 - 1993) Mexico Santiago Xochiltepec (2002 - 2002) Mexico Santo Domingo Teo- jomulco (2002 - 2002) Mexico Sinaloa Cartel (1992 - 2016) Mexico Sinaloa Cartel - El Pepillo faction (2015 - 2015) Mex- ico Sinaloa Cartel - Forces of Damaso faction (2014 - 2015) Mexico Sinaloa Cartel - Los 28 faction (2015 - 2015) Mexico Sinaloa Cartel - Los Chavez Matamoros faction (2014 - 2014) Mexico Sinaloa Cartel - Los Memos faction (2015 - 2015) Mex- ico Sinaloa Cartel - Los Salazar faction (2015 - 2015) Mexico Sinaloa Cartel - Los Salgueiro faction (2014 - 2014) Mexico Tijuana Cartel (1992 - 2016) Mexico Tijuana Cartel - El Teo faction (2008 - 2010) Mexico Rock Machine (1995 - 1995) Mexico

254 Actor Dictionaries xSub 3.70 Macedonia

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Macedonia, UCK (2000 - 2001) Mace- Civilians (1999 - 1999) Government of Serbia (Yu- FYR (2000 - 2001) Mace- donia, FYR Macedonia, FYR goslavia) (1999 - 1999) donia, FYR Macedonia, FYR

3.71 Mali

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Mali (1990 al-Murabitun (2013 - 2014) Civilians (1990 - 2014) Arab (1999 - 2004) Mali - 2014) Mali Mali Mali Military faction (Red Ansar Dine (2012 - 2014) Dogon (2012 - 2012) Mali Berets) (2012 - 2013) Mali Mali AQIM (2005 - 2014) Mali Fulani (1997 - 2014) Mali AQIM, Jama’atu Ahlis Government of Algeria Sunna Lidda’awati wal- (2005 - 2005) Mali Jihad, MUJAO (2012 - 2012) Mali ARLA, FIAA, FPLA (1994 Government of Mauritania - 1994) Mali (2010 - 2011) Mali ATNMC (2007 - 2009) Kounta (1999 - 2004) Mali Mali CMA (2014 - 2014) Mali MAA (2013 - 2013) Mali FIAA (1991 - 1995) Mali Touareg (1997 - 2014) Mali GATIA (2014 - 2014) Mali MNLA (2012 - 2014) Mali MPA (1990 - 1994) Mali MPGK (1994 - 2012) Mali MUJAO (2013 - 2013) Mali MUJAO, Signed-in-Blood Battalion (2012 - 2012) Mali Signed-in-Blood Battalion (2013 - 2013) Mali

3.72 Malta

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Israel (1995 - 1995) Malta PIJ (1995 - 1995) Malta

255 Actor Dictionaries xSub 3.73 Myanmar (Burma)

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Myanmar BMA (1996 - 1996) Myan- Civilians (1989 - 2014) Buddhists (Myanmar) (Burma) (1989 - 2014) mar (Burma) Myanmar (Burma) (2001 - 2014) Myanmar Myanmar (Burma) (Burma) DKBA (1994 - 2008) MDA - LM (2000 - 2000) Myanmar (Burma) Myanmar (Burma) DKBA 5 (2010 - 2014) MDA (2000 - 2000) Myan- Myanmar (Burma) mar (Burma) God’s Army (2000 - 2000) MNDAA (2009 - 2014) Myanmar (Burma) Myanmar (Burma) KIO (1989 - 2014) Myan- Muslims (Myanmar) (2001 mar (Burma) - 2014) Myanmar (Burma) KNPP (1989 - 2012) Myan- mar (Burma) KNU (1989 - 2014) Myan- mar (Burma) MTA (1990 - 1996) Myan- mar (Burma) NMSP (1990 - 1995) Myan- mar (Burma) NSCN-K (1991 - 2011) Myanmar (Burma) PSLF (2013 - 2014) Myan- mar (Burma) RCSS (1996 - 2013) Myan- mar (Burma) RSO (1991 - 2014) Myan- mar (Burma) SSPP (2006 - 2014) Myan- mar (Burma) UWSA (1990 - 2011) Myanmar (Burma)

3.74 Mozambique

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Mozam- Renamo (1989 - 2014) Civilians (1989 - 2014) bique (1989 - 2014) Mozambique Mozambique Mozambique Naparama (1991 - 1991) Mozambique

256 Actor Dictionaries xSub 3.75 Mauritania

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Mauritania AQIM (2008 - 2011) Mau- Civilians (1989 - 2012) Mauritanian (1989 - 1989) (1989 - 2012) Mauritania ritania Mauritania Mauritania Senegalese (1989 - 1989) Mauritania

3.76 Malaysia

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Malaysia ASG (2013 - 2013) Civilians (2013 - 2013) (2013 - 2013) Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Sultanate of Sulu (2013 - 2013) Malaysia

3.77 Namibia

Government Challenger Civilian Other Civilians (1989 - 2002) Government of Angola Namibia (1999 - 2002) Namibia Government of South Africa (1989 - 1989) Namibia UNITA (1994 - 2002) Namibia

3.78 Niger

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Mali (2013 AQIM (2004 - 2012) Niger Civilians (1989 - 2008) Fulani (1997 - 1997) Niger - 2013) Niger Niger Government of Niger (1990 CRA (1994 - 1995) Niger Government of Algeria - 2008) Niger (2004 - 2004) Niger FDR (1995 - 1997) Niger Government of Libya (1989 - 1989) Niger FLAA (1991 - 1993) Niger Government of Mauritania (2012 - 2012) Niger MNJ (2007 - 2008) Niger Touareg (1997 - 1997) Niger MUJAO (2013 - 2013) Niger Signed-in-Blood Battalion (2013 - 2013) Niger 257 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other UFRA (1996 - 1997) Niger

3.79 Nigeria

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Nigeria Ahlul Sunnah Jamaa (2003 Civilians (1990 - 2014) Adoni (1993 - 1993) Nige- (1990 - 2014) Nigeria - 2004) Nigeria Nigeria ria FNDIC (2003 - 2003) Nige- Aﬁsare, Anaguta, Birom ria (2001 - 2008) Nigeria Greenlanders (2003 - 2014) Afor (2009 - 2009) Nigeria Nigeria Jama’atu Ahlis Sunna Agatu (2013 - 2014) Nige- Lidda’awati wal-Jihad ria (2009 - 2014) Nigeria NDPVF (2004 - 2009) Aguleri (1999 - 1999) Nige- Nigeria ria NDV (2003 - 2014) Nigeria Alago (2012 - 2014) Nigeria NURTW-Auxiliary (2011 - Atakar (2013 - 2014) Nige- 2011) Nigeria ria NURTW-Tokyo (2011 - Atyap (1992 - 1992) Nige- 2011) Nigeria ria Azara (2001 - 2001) Nigeria Bakassi boys (2000 - 2005) Nigeria Bini (1998 - 1998) Nigeria Birom (2001 - 2014) Nige- ria Black Axe (2002 - 2014) Nigeria Black Axe, Bush Boys, Deebam, KK, NDV (2007 - 2007) Nigeria Boje (2010 - 2012) Nigeria Christians (Nigeria) (1991 - 2014) Nigeria Deebam (2005 - 2013) Nigeria Deewell (2005 - 2013) Nige- ria Eﬁk (1992 - 2000) Nigeria Eggon (2012 - 2014) Nige- ria Eleme (1999 - 2000) Nige- ria

258 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Eyie (2002 - 2014) Nigeria Ezilo (2011 - 2011) Nigeria Ezza (2011 - 2011) Nigeria Forces of Agala (2005 - 2005) Nigeria Forces of Edu (2005 - 2005) Nigeria Fulani (1996 - 2014) Nige- ria Fulani, Hausa (2001 - 2010) Nigeria Gamai (2006 - 2006) Nige- ria Government of Cameroon (1994 - 2011) Nigeria Gwandere (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Hausa (1992 - 2014) Nige- ria Ibibio (1992 - 2000) Nigeria Ife (1997 - 2000) Nigeria Igbo (1998 - 2006) Nigeria Igbo, Yoruba (2001 - 2001) Nigeria Ijaw (1997 - 2004) Nigeria Ijaw, Urhobo (1999 - 1999) Nigeria Ikpanaya (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Ilaje (1998 - 2004) Nigeria Isenasawo (2000 - 2002) Nigeria Isongo-furo (2000 - 2002) Nigeria Itsekiri (1997 - 2004) Nige- ria Izzi (2005 - 2005) Nigeria Jukun (1990 - 2014) Nige- ria Karimjo (1996 - 1996) Nigeria Kwala (2001 - 2001) Nige- ria Mambila (2002 - 2002) Nigeria

259 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Modakeke (1997 - 2000) Nigeria Muslims (Nigeria) (1991 - 2014) Nigeria Ndoki (1994 - 1994) Nige- ria Ninzam (1999 - 1999) Nige- ria Nsadop (2010 - 2012) Nige- ria Ntan Obu-Ukpe (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Odtikas (1992 - 1992) Nige- ria Ogoni (1992 - 1994) Nige- ria Okrika (1993 - 2000) Nige- ria Oleh (1999 - 1999) Nigeria Olmoro (1999 - 1999) Nige- ria Outlaws (2007 - 2007) Nigeria Pan (2006 - 2006) Nigeria Sayawa (2011 - 2012) Nige- ria Supporters of ACN (2008 - 2013) Nigeria Supporters of AD (2003 - 2003) Nigeria Supporters of ANPP (1998 - 2011) Nigeria Supporters of PDP (1998 - 2013) Nigeria Supporters of UNPP (2003 - 2003) Nigeria Tarok (2002 - 2014) Nigeria Tiv (1990 - 2014) Nigeria Ukele (2005 - 2005) Nigeria Umuleri (1999 - 1999) Nigeria Urhobo (1997 - 2003) Nige- ria Wurukum (1999 - 1999) Nigeria

260 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Yan Gora (2013 - 2014) Nigeria Yoruba (1998 - 2012) Nige- ria Yugur (2003 - 2003) Nige- ria

3.80 Nicaragua

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Nicaragua Contras/FDN (1989 - (1989 - 1990) Nicaragua 1990) Nicaragua

3.81 Netherlands

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of United Kingdom (1990 - 1990) Netherlands PIRA (1990 - 1990) Netherlands

3.82 Nepal

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Nepal (1990 CPN-M (1996 - 2009) Civilians (1990 - 2008) Government of India (2007 - 2009) Nepal Nepal Nepal - 2007) Nepal Sikh insurgents (1991 - MJF (2007 - 2007) Nepal 1991) Nepal

3.83 Pakistan

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Pakistan al-Qaida (2001 - 2014) Pak- Civilians (1990 - 2014) Bangesh (2008 - 2010) Pak- (1990 - 2014) Pakistan istan Pakistan istan Jatoi (1990 - 1990) Pak- Ansaar ul-Islam (2007 - ETIM (2003 - 2003) Pak- istan 2013) Pakistan istan Baloch Ittehad (2006 - Forces of Turkestan Bhit- 2006) Pakistan tani (2008 - 2009) Pakistan BLA (2004 - 2014) Pak- Government of istan Afghanistan (1995 - 2014) Pakistan

261 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other BLF (2012 - 2014) Pak- Government of China istan (2003 - 2003) Pakistan BRA (2007 - 2014) Pak- Government of India (1990 istan - 2014) Pakistan Fedayeen Islam (2008 - Government of Iran (1993 - 2008) Pakistan 2008) Pakistan Forces of Momin Afridi Government of United (2010 - 2012) Pakistan States of America (2001 - 2014) Pakistan Forces of Shah Sahib (2008 Hizb-i Islami-yi - 2008) Pakistan Afghanistan (2008 - 2008) Pakistan IMU (2007 - 2014) Pak- Jondullah (2005 - 2012) istan Pakistan Jaish-ul-Islam (2014 - Kachai sub-tribe of 2014) Pakistan Bangesh (2008 - 2008) Pakistan Jamaat-ul-Ahrar (2014 - Kashmir insurgents (2000 - 2014) Pakistan 2000) Pakistan Lashkar-e-Islam (2007 - Khadadkhel (1992 - 1992) 2014) Pakistan Pakistan LeJ (1996 - 2014) Pakistan Lashkar of Akakhel tribe (2012 - 2013) Pakistan Taleban (1995 - 2014) Pak- Lashkar of Kukikhel clan istan (2011 - 2011) Pakistan Tawheed ul-Islam (2012 - Lashkar of Mohmand tribe 2013) Pakistan (2009 - 2013) Pakistan TTP-Islahi (2012 - 2012) Lashkar of Orakzai tribe Pakistan (2009 - 2014) Pakistan TTP-KM (2014 - 2014) Lashkar of Salarzai tribe Pakistan (2008 - 2009) Pakistan TTP-SM (2014 - 2014) Lashkar of Zakakhel tribe Pakistan (2011 - 2014) Pakistan TTP - MR (2010 - 2010) Lashkhar of Wazir tribe Pakistan (2007 - 2007) Pakistan TTP - MT (2010 - 2010) Laskhar of Masozai Qaumi Pakistan tribe (2011 - 2011) Pak- istan TTP - TA (2010 - 2013) Mangal (2007 - 2010) Pak- Pakistan istan TTP (2007 - 2014) Pak- Meher (1990 - 1990) Pak- istan istan UBA (2014 - 2014) Pak- MEK (1993 - 1993) Pak- istan istan Mishti (2008 - 2008) Pak- istan

262 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Mohajir (1989 - 1992) Pak- istan MQM-H (1991 - 1998) Pak- istan MQM (1990 - 1998) Pak- istan Oatizai (1992 - 1992) Pak- istan Pashtun (1989 - 1990) Pak- istan Sindhi (1989 - 1992) Pak- istan Supporters of MQM (1990 - 2013) Pakistan Supporters of PPP (1990 - 2013) Pakistan Supporters of Yousaf Ali Khan Magsi (1992 - 1993) Pakistan Supporters of Zulﬁkar Ali Khan Magsi (1992 - 1993) Pakistan Turi (2007 - 2010) Pakistan

3.84 Panama

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Panama Government of United (1989 - 1989) Panama States of America (1989 - 1989) Panama Military faction (forces of Moiss Giroldi) (1989 - 1989) Panama

3.85 Peru

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Peru (1989 MRTA (1989 - 1997) Peru Civilians (1989 - 2016) Government of Ecuador - 2016) Peru Peru (1995 - 1995) Peru Sendero Luminoso (1989 - 2016) Peru

3.86 Philippines

263 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Ampatuan militia (1992 - Al-Khobar (2007 - 2012) Civilians (1989 - 2013) Christians (Philippines) 2010) Philippines Philippines Philippines (1993 - 2006) Philippines Government of Philippines ASG (1992 - 2014) Philip- Government of Iraq (1991 - (1989 - 2014) Philippines pines 1991) Philippines BIFM (2011 - 2014) Philip- Government of Kuwait pines (1991 - 1991) Philippines CPP (1989 - 2014) Philip- Government of Malaysia pines (2013 - 2013) Philippines Forces of Jing Caludtiag Hadji Faizal Abdulkarim (2009 - 2009) Philippines clan (1998 - 1998) Philip- pines Forces of Randy Karon Hadji Masir Ahalul clan (2009 - 2009) Philippines (1998 - 1998) Philippines MILF (1990 - 2014) Philip- Lumad (2006 - 2006) pines Philippines Military faction (forces Moro (2006 - 2006) Philip- of Honasan, Abenina & pines Zumel) (1989 - 1990) Philippines MNLF - HM (2007 - 2009) Muslims (Philippines) Philippines (1993 - 2006) Philippines MNLF - NM (2001 - 2013) Sultanate of Sulu (2013 - Philippines 2013) Philippines MNLF (1989 - 2009) Philippines

3.87 Papua New Guinea

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Papua BRA (1989 - 1997) Papua Civilians (1989 - 2001) Akibu (1999 - 2000) Papua New Guinea (1989 - 2001) New Guinea Papua New Guinea New Guinea Papua New Guinea Akul (2012 - 2012) Papua New Guinea Government of Indonesia (1993 - 1993) Papua New Guinea Kambrip (2012 - 2012) Papua New Guinea Tonakau (1999 - 2000) Papua New Guinea Unjamap (2000 - 2002) Papua New Guinea Wagia subclan of Takima (2001 - 2001) Papua New Guinea 264 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Wayai subclan of Takima (2001 - 2001) Papua New Guinea Wogia-Tunjup (2000 - 2002) Papua New Guinea

3.88 Paraguay

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Paraguay Military faction (forces of (1989 - 1989) Paraguay Andres Rodriguez) (1989 - 1989) Paraguay

3.89 Qatar

Government Challenger Civilian Other Chechen Republic of Ichk- eria (2004 - 2004) Qatar Government of Russia (So- viet Union) (2004 - 2004) Qatar

3.90 Romania

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Rumania NSF (1989 - 1989) Ruma- Civilians (1989 - 1989) Ru- (1989 - 1989) Rumania nia mania Military faction (forces of Nicolae Ceausescu) (1989 - 1989) Rumania

3.91 Russia

Government Challenger Civilian Other Forces of Ruslan APF (1990 - 1990) Russia Civilians (1989 - 2016) Armenian (1989 - 1990) Labazanov (1994 - 1994) (Soviet Union) Russia (Soviet Union) Russia (Soviet Union) Russia (Soviet Union) Government of Russia (So- Chechen Republic of Ichk- Azeri (1989 - 1990) Russia viet Union) (1989 - 2016) eria (1994 - 2007) Russia (Soviet Union) Russia (Soviet Union) (Soviet Union) Forces of the Caucasus Government of Ukraine Emirate (2007 - 2016) Rus- (2014 - 2014) Russia sia (Soviet Union) (Soviet Union) 265 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Gazotan Murdash (2004 Kyrgyz (1990 - 1990) Rus- - 2004) Russia (Soviet sia (Soviet Union) Union) IS (2015 - 2016) Russia LPR (2014 - 2014) Russia (Soviet Union) (Soviet Union) Parliamentary Forces Meskhetian Turk (1989 (1993 - 1993) Russia - 1990) Russia (Soviet (Soviet Union) Union) Provisional Council of the Republic of Armenia (1990 Chechen Republic (1994 - 1991) Russia (Soviet - 1994) Russia (Soviet Union) Union) Wahhabi movement of the Republic of Georgia (1991 Buinaksk district (1999 - 1991) Russia (Soviet - 1999) Russia (Soviet Union) Union) Republic of South Ossetia (1991 - 1991) Russia (So- viet Union) Uzbek (1989 - 1990) Russia (Soviet Union)

3.92 Rwanda

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Rwanda ALiR (1996 - 1999) Civilians (1990 - 2013) Government of DR Congo (1990 - 2012) Rwanda Rwanda Rwanda (Zaire) (2012 - 2013) Rwanda Interahamwe, ex-FAR FDLR (2001 - 2013) M23 (2012 - 2013) Rwanda (1994 - 1994) Rwanda Rwanda FPR (1990 - 1994) Rwanda

3.93 Saudi Arabia

Government Challenger Civilian Other al-Qaida (2003 - 2007) Civilians (2003 - 2007) Government of Iraq (1991 - Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia 1991) Saudi Arabia Government of Kuwait (1991 - 1991) Saudi Arabia

3.94 Sudan

266 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Sudan Darfur Joint Resistance Civilians (1989 - 2014) Su- Agar Dinka (2006 - 2006) (1989 - 2014) Sudan Forces (2014 - 2014) Sudan dan Sudan Janjaweed - Bin Kulaib JEM (2003 - 2011) Sudan Aliap Dinka (2009 - 2009) faction (2005 - 2005) Sudan Sudan Janjaweed - Moro faction NDA (1996 - 2002) Sudan Atuot Dinka (2010 - 2011) (2005 - 2005) Sudan Sudan Janjaweed (2001 - 2010) NRF (2006 - 2006) Sudan Awan Dinka (2009 - 2009) Sudan Sudan Revolutionary Forces of 1 Awlad al-Zuid clan (1993 - April (1989 - 1989) Sudan 2014) Sudan SLM/A-Unity (2007 - Awlad Heiban (Misseriya) 2013) Sudan (2013 - 2013) Sudan SLM/A - MM (2005 - 2011) Awlad Metanin (Mis- Sudan seriya) , Awlad Serur (Misseriya) (2013 - 2013) Sudan SLM/A (2003 - 2011) Su- Awlad Omran clan (1993 - dan 2014) Sudan SPLM/A-North (2011 - Awlad Zeid (2001 - 2001) 2011) Sudan Sudan SPLM/A - AH (1993 - Bari (2009 - 2009) Sudan 1993) Sudan SPLM/A - WN (1992 - Beni Halba Baggara (2013 1993) Sudan - 2013) Sudan SPLM/A (1989 - 2004) Su- Beni Halba Baggara, Sala- dan mat Baggara (1989 - 1989) Sudan SRF (2011 - 2014) Sudan Beni Hussein (2013 - 2014) Sudan SSDF (1991 - 2002) Sudan Bor Dinka (2007 - 2010) Sudan SSDM/A (2010 - 2011) Su- Ciek Dinka (2010 - 2010) dan Sudan SSLM/A (2011 - 2011) Su- Didinga (2007 - 2007) Su- dan dan SSUM/A (1998 - 2000) Su- Dinka (1997 - 2011) Sudan dan UNRF II (1997 - 1997) Su- Falata (2007 - 2014) Sudan dan WNBF (1995 - 1997) Su- Fur (1989 - 1989) Sudan dan Gimir (2013 - 2013) Sudan Gok Dinka (2006 - 2010) Sudan Gony Dinka (2011 - 2011) Sudan

267 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Chad (1989 - 2010) Sudan Government of Ethiopia (2006 - 2006) Sudan Government of South Su- dan (2012 - 2013) Sudan Government of Uganda (1995 - 2011) Sudan Habaniya (2006 - 2014) Su- dan Hamar (2013 - 2014) Sudan Hol Dinka (2008 - 2009) Sudan Hotiya Baggara (2005 - 2005) Sudan Islamic Legion (1989 - 1989) Sudan Jikany Nuer (1993 - 2009) Sudan Jur Beli (2011 - 2011) Su- dan Lou Nuer (1993 - 2011) Su- dan LRA (1995 - 2011) Sudan Luac Jang Dinka (2009 - 2009) Sudan Ma’aliyah (2002 - 2014) Sudan Masalit (1998 - 1999) Su- dan Misseriya (2004 - 2014) Su- dan MPS (1990 - 1990) Sudan Mundari (2007 - 2010) Su- dan Murle (2006 - 2011) Sudan Newiba, Mahariba, Ma- hamid (2005 - 2005) Sudan Ngok Dinka (2000 - 2014) Sudan Nuer (1997 - 2011) Sudan Pari (1990 - 1990) Sudan PDF (2002 - 2002) Sudan PFNR (2010 - 2010) Sudan

268 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Rek Dinka (2010 - 2010) Sudan Republic of South Sudan (2011 - 2011) Sudan Rizeigat Abbala (1996 - 2014) Sudan Rizeigat Baggara (2002 - 2014) Sudan Salamat Baggara (2013 - 2014) Sudan SARC (2014 - 2014) Sudan Shiluk (2000 - 2009) Sudan Terjam (2007 - 2007) Su- dan Thiyic Dinka (2011 - 2011) Sudan Toposa (1990 - 2011) Su- dan Turkana (1992 - 2011) Su- dan Zaghawa (1996 - 2008) Su- dan

3.95 Senegal

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Senegal MFDC - FN (2002 - 2002) Civilians (1989 - 2012) Government of Mauritania (1990 - 2013) Senegal Senegal Senegal (1989 - 1989) Senegal MFDC - S (2006 - 2006) Mauritanian (1989 - 1998) Senegal Senegal MFDC (1990 - 2013) Sene- Senegalese (1989 - 1998) gal Senegal MFDC Front Nord - MD (2006 - 2006) Senegal

3.96 Solomon Islands

Government Challenger Civilian Other BRA (1992 - 1992) Solomon Islands Government of Papua New Guinea (1992 - 1992) Solomon Islands

269 Actor Dictionaries xSub 3.97 Sierra Leone

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Sierra AFRC (1997 - 2000) Sierra Civilians (1991 - 2002) Government of Guinea Leone (1991 - 2001) Sierra Leone Sierra Leone (2001 - 2001) Sierra Leone Leone NPFL (1991 - 1993) Sierra Government of Nigeria Leone (1997 - 1999) Sierra Leone RFDG (2001 - 2001) Sierra Kamajors (1993 - 1998) Leone Sierra Leone RUF (1991 - 2001) Sierra LURD (2002 - 2002) Sierra Leone Leone WSB (2000 - 2000) Sierra ULIMO - J (1992 - 1994) Leone Sierra Leone ULIMO - K (1992 - 1994) Sierra Leone ULIMO (1991 - 1994) Sierra Leone

3.98 El Salvador

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of El Salvador FMLN (1989 - 1992) El (1989 - 1992) El Salvador Salvador

3.99 Somalia

Government Challenger Civilian Other ARPCT (2006 - 2006) So- AIAI (1992 - 1999) Somalia Civilians (1989 - 2014) So- Abdalle-Aroneh subclan of malia malia Abgal clan (Hawiye) (1999 - 1999) Somalia Forces of Abdullahi Yusuf al-Qaida (2007 - 2013) So- Abdalle subclan of Habar (2001 - 2002) Somalia malia Awal clan (Isaaq) (1996 - 1996) Somalia Forces of Ahmed Sheikh Al-Shabaab (2008 - 2014) Abdalleh-Agon-Yar Buraleh (2001 - 2001) So- Somalia subclan of Abgal clan malia (Hawiye) (2000 - 2000) Somalia Government of Ethiopia ARS/UIC (2006 - 2009) Abdulleh-Galmaha sub- (1996 - 2013) Somalia Somalia clan of Abgal clan (Hawiye) (2001 - 2001) Somalia Government of Somalia DSA (1999 - 1999) Somalia Abgal clan (Hawiye) (1990 (1989 - 2014) Somalia - 2008) Somalia

270 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of United Forces of Abdirizak Bihi Abtisame subclan of States of America (2007 - (2001 - 2001) Somalia Galje’el clan (Hawiye) 2013) Somalia (2001 - 2004) Somalia JVA (1999 - 2006) Somalia Hizbul Islam (2009 - 2010) Aﬁ subclan of Galje’el clan Somalia (Hawiye) (2001 - 2004) So- malia JVA faction (2002 - 2006) Mujahideen in the Golis Agon-Yar subclan of Abgal Somalia Mountains (2010 - 2012) clan (Hawiye) (1999 - 2002) Somalia Somalia SRRC (2001 - 2002) Soma- RRA - MH (2001 - 2005) Ahlu Sunna Waljamaca lia Somalia (2008 - 2010) Somalia USC-PM (1995 - 1995) So- RRA (1995 - 2005) Somalia Aidagalla subclan of malia Habar Garhadjis clan (Isaaq) (1996 - 1996) Somalia USC/SNA - OA (1995 - SNF - MSAB (1999 - 1999) Ali-Gaf subclan of Abgal 1997) Somalia Somalia clan (Hawiye) (2002 - 2002) Somalia USC/SNA (1991 - 2000) SNF (1992 - 1999) Somalia Ayr subclan of Habar Gidir Somalia clan (Hawiye) (1997 - 2001) Somalia USC/SSA - OMF (2001 - SNM - ’Calan cas’ (1992 - Da’ud subclan of Abgal 2003) Somalia 1992) Somalia clan (Hawiye) (2004 - 2004) Somalia USC/SSA (1990 - 2003) SNM (1989 - 1991) Somalia Dabare subclan of Digil Somalia clan (Digil-Miriﬂe) (2004 - 2004) Somalia SPM (1989 - 2000) Somalia Dir clan (2002 - 2008) So- malia SPM/SNA (1992 - 1994) Duduble subclan of Gor- Somalia gorte clan (Hawiye) (1998 - 2012) Somalia SSDF (1992 - 1993) Soma- Eli-Agon-Yar subclan of lia Abgal clan (Hawiye) (2000 - 2000) Somalia Eli-Omar subclan of Abgal clan (Hawiye) (1999 - 1999) Somalia Fiqi Muhumud subclan (Dir) (2003 - 2003) Somalia Forces of Abdurahman Ahmed Ali ’Tur’ (1994 - 1996) Somalia Forces of General Morgan (1997 - 2004) Somalia

271 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Forces of Hussein Ali Ahmed (1999 - 1999) Somalia Forces of Jama Ali Jama (2001 - 2002) Somalia Forces of Omar Jess (1997 - 2000) Somalia Forces of Yussuf Hajji Nur (2001 - 2001) Somalia Gaadsan subclan of Bi- imaal clan (Dir) (2008 - 2008) Somalia Galgalo (1990 - 1990) So- malia Galje’el clan (Hawiye) (2000 - 2005) Somalia Garre subclan of Digil clan (Digil-Mirifle) (2000 - 2005) Somalia Habar Gidir clan (Hawiye) (1993 - 2001) Somalia Hawarsame Rer Hasan and Habar Ya’qub subclan of Marehan clan (Darod) (2004 - 2004) Somalia Huber subclan of Mirifle clan (Digil-Mirifle) (2005 - 2005) Somalia Jejele subclan of Jibedi clan (Hawiye) (2005 - 2005) Somalia Jiddo subclan of Digil clan (Digil-Mirifle) (2000 - 2002) Somalia Kabaloh subclan of Abgal clan (Hawiye) (2001 - 2001) Somalia Khatumo administration (2012 - 2012) Somalia Luway subclan of Mirifle clan (Digil-Mirifle) (2004 - 2004) Somalia Ma’alin Weyne subclan of Mirifle clan (Digil-Mirifle) (2008 - 2008) Somalia

272 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Mahadade subclan of Ab- gal clan (Hawiye) (2002 - 2002) Somalia Marehan subclan of Sede clan (Darod) (1993 - 2005) Somalia Mohamed Muse subclan of Abgal clan (Hawiye) (2003 - 2003) Somalia Ogaden clan (Darod) (1999 - 1999) Somalia ONLF (1999 - 2010) Soma- lia Puntland state of Somalia (2002 - 2012) Somalia Qubeys subclan (Dir) (2010 - 2010) Somalia Republic of Somaliland (1992 - 2012) Somalia Rer Ahmad subclan (Hawiye) (2004 - 2004) Somalia Sa’ad subclan of Habar Gidir clan (Hawiye) (1997 - 2011) Somalia Saleban-Abdalla subclan of Majerteen clan (Darod) (2003 - 2003) Somalia Sheikhal clan (Dir) (1999 - 1999) Somalia Suleiman subclan of Habar Gidir clan (Hawiye) (1998 - 2012) Somalia SVA (2011 - 2012) Somalia Warsangeli subclan of Ab- gal clan (Hawiye) (1999 - 2004) Somalia Xawaadle clan (Hawiye) (1993 - 2008) Somalia Yantar subclan of Miriﬂe clan (Digil-Miriﬂe) (2005 - 2005) Somalia

3.100 Serbia

273 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Serbia (Yu- Croatian irregulars (1991 - Civilians (1991 - 1999) Ser- Government of Bosnia- goslavia) (1991 - 1999) Ser- 1991) Serbia (Yugoslavia) bia (Yugoslavia) Herzegovina (1992 - 1995) bia (Yugoslavia) Serbia (Yugoslavia) SAO Eastern Slavonia, Croatian Republic of Government of Macedonia, Baranja and Western Bosnia-Herzegovina (1992 FYR (2001 - 2001) Serbia Symria (1991 - 1992) - 1992) Serbia (Yugoslavia) (Yugoslavia) Serbia (Yugoslavia) SAO Krajina (1991 - 1991) Republic of Bosnia- Serbia (Yugoslavia) Herzegovina (1992 - 1992) Serbia (Yugoslavia) Serbian irregulars, Serbian Republic of Croatia (1991 - Republic of Bosnia- 1992) Serbia (Yugoslavia) Herzegovina (1992 - 1995) Serbia (Yugoslavia) Serbian Republic of Republic of Slovenia (1991 Bosnia-Herzegovina (1992 - 1991) Serbia (Yugoslavia) - 1992) Serbia (Yugoslavia) Serbian Republic of Kra- UCK (1996 - 2001) Serbia jina (1992 - 1992) Serbia (Yugoslavia) (Yugoslavia)

3.101 South Sudan

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of South Su- SPLM/A In Opposition Civilians (2012 - 2014) Agar Dinka (2014 - 2014) dan (2011 - 2014) South (2013 - 2014) South Sudan South Sudan South Sudan Sudan SSDM/A - Cobra Faction Amothnhon Dinka (2013 - (2011 - 2013) South Sudan 2013) South Sudan SSDM/A (2011 - 2012) Anuak (2013 - 2013) South South Sudan Sudan SSLM/A (2011 - 2012) Balanda (2012 - 2012) South Sudan South Sudan Bor Dinka (2011 - 2012) South Sudan Bul Nuer (2012 - 2012) South Sudan Dinka (2011 - 2014) South Sudan Gok Dinka (2012 - 2014) South Sudan Gony Dinka (2011 - 2011) South Sudan Government of Sudan (2012 - 2014) South Sudan

274 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Uganda (2011 - 2011) South Sudan Lou Nuer (2011 - 2013) South Sudan LRA (2011 - 2013) South Sudan Luac Jang Dinka (2012 - 2012) South Sudan Murle (2011 - 2013) South Sudan Nuer (2011 - 2014) South Sudan Panyon Dinka (2013 - 2013) South Sudan Rek Dinka (2012 - 2012) South Sudan SRF (2014 - 2014) South Sudan Thiyic Dinka (2011 - 2011) South Sudan

3.102 Sweden

Government Challenger Civilian Other IS (2017 - 2017) Sweden Civilians (2017 - 2017) Sweden

3.103 Swaziland

Government Challenger Civilian Other Civilians (1989 - 1989) Government of South Swaziland Africa (1989 - 1989) Swaziland

3.104 Syria

Government Challenger Civilian Other al-Qaida (2014 - 2014) Civilians (2013 - 2014) Government of Iraq (2014 - Syria Syria 2014) Syria IS (2013 - 2014) Syria Government of Israel (2004 - 2008) Syria

275 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Islamic Battalions, Jabhat Government of United al-Nusra li al-Sham (2014 - States of America (2014 - 2014) Syria 2014) Syria Islamic Front (2013 - 2014) Hamas (2004 - 2004) Syria Syria Islamic Front, Jabhat al- Hezbollah (2008 - 2014) Akrad, Jabhat al-Nusra Syria li al-Sham, Mujahideen Army (Syria 2014) (2014 - 2014) Syria Islamic Front, Jabhat PYD (2014 - 2014) Syria Al-Kurd brigade, Jab- hat al-Nusra li al-Sham, Mujahideen Army (Syria 2014) (2014 - 2014) Syria Islamic Front, Jabhat al- Nusra li al-Sham (2014 - 2014) Syria Islamic Front, Jabhat al-Nusra li al-Sham, Mujahideen Army (Syria 2014) (2014 - 2014) Syria Islamic Front, Mujahideen Army (Syria 2014) (2014 - 2014) Syria Islamic Front, Mujahideen Army (Syria 2014), PYD, SRF Syria 2014 (2014 - 2014) Syria Islamic Front, Mujahideen Army (Syria 2014), SRF Syria 2014 (2014 - 2014) Syria Jabhat al-Nusra li al-Sham (2014 - 2014) Syria Mujahideen Army (Syria 2014) (2014 - 2014) Syria SRF Syria 2014 (2014 - 2014) Syria

3.105 Chad

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Chad (1989 AN (2008 - 2008) Civilians (1989 - 2014) Darsalim (2006 - 2006) - 2010) AQIM (2004 - 2004) Forces of Francois Bozize (2002 - 2002) 276 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other CNR (1992 - 1992) Government of Algeria (2004 - 2004) CSNPD (1992 - 2000) Government of Central African Republic (2001 - 2002) FARF (1994 - 1998) Government of Sudan (2005 - 2009) FNT (1994 - 1994) Janjaweed (2002 - 2007) FUCD (2005 - 2007) JEM (2007 - 2009) Islamic Legion (1989 - Khozam (2000 - 2000) 1990) Jama’atu Ahlis Sunna Kibete (2006 - 2006) Lidda’awati wal-Jihad (2014 - 2014) MDD (1991 - 1997) Masalit (1999 - 1999) MDJT (1999 - 2003) Oulad Rachid (2000 - 2000) Military faction (forces of Rizeigat Abbala (1999 - Maldoum Bada Abbas) 1999) (1991 - 1991) MOSANAT (1989 - 1989) Zaghawa (2006 - 2007) MPS (1990 - 1990) PFNR (2007 - 2010) RAFD (2006 - 2007) RTC (1989 - 1989) Tama (2006 - 2007) UFDD (2006 - 2007) UFR (2009 - 2009)

3.106 Togo

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Togo (1991 Civilians (1991 - 2005) Moba (1991 - 1991) Togo - 2005) Togo Togo Tchokossi (1991 - 1991) Togo

3.107 Thailand

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Thailand DKBA (1995 - 1996) Thai- Civilians (1989 - 2014) FUNCINPEC (1997 - (1995 - 2014) Thailand land Thailand 1997) Thailand Patani insurgents (1992 - God’s Army (2001 - 2001) 2014) Thailand Thailand

277 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) (1989 - 2011) Thailand Government of Myanmar (Burma) (1989 - 2010) Thailand KNPP (2005 - 2007) Thai- land KR (1989 - 1998) Thailand MTA (1991 - 1991) Thai- land NMSP (1994 - 1994) Thai- land RCSS (2001 - 2002) Thai- land UWSA (1991 - 1991) Thai- land

3.108 Tajikistan

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Tajikistan Forces of Khudoberdiyev Civilians (1992 - 1996) Government of Uzbekistan (1992 - 2013) Tajikistan (1997 - 1999) Tajikistan Tajikistan (1999 - 2006) Tajikistan PFT (1992 - 1992) Tajik- Forces of Mullo Abdullo istan (2000 - 2010) Tajikistan IMU (1999 - 2013) Tajik- istan UTO (1992 - 1998) Tajik- istan

3.109 Trinidad & Tobago

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Trinidad Jamaat al-Muslimeen and Tobago (1990 - 1990) (1990 - 1990) Trinidad and Trinidad and Tobago Tobago

3.110 Tunisia

Government Challenger Civilian Other IS (2015 - 2015) Tunisia Civilians (2015 - 2015) Tunisia

278 Actor Dictionaries xSub 3.111 Turkey

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Turkey Devrimci Sol (1990 - 1995) Civilians (1989 - 2008) Government of Iran (1994 - (1989 - 2014) Turkey Turkey Turkey 1996) Turkey KDP (1997 - 1997) Turkey Government of Iraq (1991 - 1991) Turkey KDPI (1994 - 1994) Turkey MEK (1996 - 1996) Turkey MKP (2005 - 2005) Turkey PKK (1989 - 2014) Turkey

3.112 Tanzania

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Tanzania CNDD (1996 - 1997) Tan- Civilians (1992 - 2007) FDLR (2007 - 2007) Tan- (1992 - 2001) Tanzania zania Tanzania zania Palipehutu-FNL (1996 - 1997) Tanzania

3.113 Uganda

Government Challenger Civilian Other Arrow Boys (2003 - 2005) ADF (1996 - 2007) Uganda Civilians (1989 - 2014) Alur (2003 - 2003) Uganda Uganda Uganda Government of Uganda Al-Shabaab (2010 - 2010) Bokora Karimojong (1992 - (1989 - 2014) Uganda Uganda 2008) Uganda ALiR (1999 - 1999) CNDP (2006 - 2006) Uganda Uganda LRA (1989 - 2007) Uganda Dodoth (2000 - 2009) Uganda UPA (1989 - 1994) Uganda FDLR (2006 - 2006) Uganda WNBF (1995 - 1998) Government of DR Congo Uganda (Zaire) (1997 - 2008) Uganda Government of Sudan (1989 - 1991) Uganda Iteso (2001 - 2001) Uganda Jie (2000 - 2009) Uganda Jie, Matheniko Karimo- jong (2000 - 2003) Uganda Jie, Matheniko Karimo- jong, Turkana (2000 - 2000) Uganda

279 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Karimojong (1998 - 2003) Uganda Lendu (2003 - 2003) Uganda Matheniko Karimojong (1992 - 2008) Uganda Matheniko Karimojong, Turkana (2000 - 2000) Uganda Pian Karimojong (1998 - 2008) Uganda Pokot (1998 - 2008) Uganda Sabiny (2003 - 2006) Uganda SPLM/A (1989 - 2003) Uganda Toposa, Turkana (2000 - 2000) Uganda Turkana (2000 - 2009) Uganda UNRF II (1996 - 1998) Uganda

3.114 Ukraine

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Ukraine DPR (2014 - 2016) Ukraine (2014 - 2016) Ukraine Supporters of Ukrainian LPR (2014 - 2016) Ukraine unity (2014 - 2014) Ukraine Maidan (2014 - 2014) Ukraine Supporters of independence for Eastern Ukraine (2014 - 2014) Ukraine United Armed Forces of Novorossiya (2014 - 2015) Ukraine

3.115 United States

280 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other al-Qaida (2001 - 2001) Civilians (2001 - 2009) United States of America United States of America TTP (2009 - 2009) United States of America

3.116 Uzbekistan

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Uzbekistan IMU (1999 - 2000) Uzbek- (1999 - 2009) Uzbekistan istan JIG (2004 - 2009) Uzbek- istan

3.117 Venezuela

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Venezuela AUC (2002 - 2002) Civilians (1989 - 2013) El Dorado inmates (1997 - (1989 - 2013) Venezuela Venezuela Venezuela 1997) Venezuela ELN (1995 - 2002) FARC (2007 - 2007) Venezuela Venezuela Military faction (forces of Government of Colombia Hugo Chvez) (1992 - 1992) (2007 - 2007) Venezuela Venezuela Guajiro Indians (1997 - 1997) Venezuela Sabaneta - Pavilion I gang (1994 - 1994) Venezuela Sabaneta - Re-education sector gang (1994 - 1994) Venezuela

3.118 Yemen

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Yemen Ansarallah (2010 - 2014) Civilians (2011 - 2011) Al-Maraziq (2003 - 2004) (North Yemen) (1994 Yemen (North Yemen) Yemen (North Yemen) Yemen (North Yemen) - 2014) Yemen (North Yemen) AQAP (2009 - 2014) Al-Saida (2003 - 2004) Yemen (North Yemen) Yemen (North Yemen) Democratic Republic of Yemen (1994 - 1994) Yemen (North Yemen)

281 Actor Dictionaries xSub 3.119 South Africa

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of South AWB (1990 - 1994) South Civilians (1989 - 2010) ANC - ’Greens’ (1993 - Africa (1989 - 2010) South Africa South Africa 1993) South Africa Africa ANC - ’Reds’ (1993 - 1993) South Africa ANC (1990 - 1994) South Africa CATA (1994 - 1998) South Africa Codeta (1994 - 1998) South Africa IFP (1989 - 1994) South Africa Lagunya (1991 - 1992) South Africa Mangweni clan (1993 - 1993) South Africa Mgodini clan (1993 - 1993) South Africa NUM (1989 - 1996) South Africa PAC (1990 - 1994) South Africa Supporters of ANC (1989 - 2004) South Africa Supporters of AZAPO (1990 - 1991) South Africa Supporters of IFP (1989 - 2004) South Africa Supporters of UDF (1989 - 1993) South Africa Supporters of UDM (1997 - 1999) South Africa Uwusa (1989 - 1996) South Africa

3.120 Zambia

Government Challenger Civilian Other Civilians (1989 - 2001) Government of Angola Zambia (2001 - 2001) Zambia

282 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of DR Congo (Zaire) (1993 - 1993) Zam- bia Renamo (1989 - 1990) Zambia UNITA (2000 - 2000) Zam- bia

3.121 Zimbabwe

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of Zimbabwe Civilians (1989 - 2012) Renamo (1989 - 1990) Zim- (Rhodesia) (1995 - 2012) Zimbabwe (Rhodesia) babwe (Rhodesia) Zimbabwe (Rhodesia)

283 Actor Dictionaries xSub 4 Political Instability Task Force Dataset (PITF)

The Political Instability Task Force (PITF) Worldwide Atrocities Dataset is a “global dataset that describes, in quantitative terms, the deliberate killing of non-combatant civilians in the context of a wider political conﬂict.” The PITF is funded by the Central Intelligence Agency.2

2The information is taken from: http://eventdata.parusanalytics.com/data.dir/atrocities.html.

284 Actor Dictionaries xSub 4.1 Afghanistan

Government Challenger Civilian Other Multiple Perpetrators Multiple Perpetrators Unknown/Unclear/Other (State) (Non-State) Non-State, Internal, State Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other Sanction State Sanction State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction State Perpetrator Non State, Internal, No State Sanction State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction Transnational, Non-State

4.2 Angola

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, State Non-State, Internal, No Sanction State Sanction State Perpetrator Multiple Perpetrators (Non-State) State Perpetrator State Perpetrator

4.3 Albania

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction

4.4 Armenia

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator State Perpetrator

4.5 NA

285 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unknown/Unclear/Other

4.6 Burundi

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, State Multiple Perpetrators Unknown/Unclear/Other Sanction (Non-State) State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction or Transna- tional State Perpetrator Transnational, Non-State

4.7 Belgium

Government Challenger Civilian Other Transnational, Non-State

4.8 Burkina Faso

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction State Perpetrator Transnational, Non-State

4.9 Bangladesh

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Multiple Perpetrators Unknown/Unclear/Other (Non-State) State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction Transnational, Non-State

4.10 Bulgaria

286 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction

4.11 Bahrain

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Unknown/Unclear/Other

4.12 Bahamas

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unknown/Unclear/Other

4.13 Bosnia & Herzegovina

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction

4.14 Belarus

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unknown/Unclear/Other

4.15 Belize

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unknown/Unclear/Other Unknown/Unclear/Other

4.16 Bolivia

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

287 Actor Dictionaries xSub 4.17 Brazil

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction

4.18 Barbados

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.19 Central African Republic

Government Challenger Civilian Other Multiple Perpetrators Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other (State) State Sanction State Perpetrator Multiple Perpetrators Unknown/Unclear/Other (Non-State) State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.20 Canada

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unknown/Unclear/Other

4.21 Switzerland

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.22 China

288 Actor Dictionaries xSub

4.23 Cte dIvoire

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, State Multiple Perpetrators Unknown/Unclear/Other Sanction (Non-State) State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction or Transna- tional Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.24 Cameroon

Government Challenger Civilian Other Multiple Perpetrators Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other (State) State Sanction State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Transnational, Non-State

4.25 Congo - Kinshasa

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Multiple Perpetrators Unknown/Unclear/Other (Non-State) State Perpetrator Non-State, External, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction Non-State, Internal, State Sanction

289 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction Transnational, Non-State

4.26 Congo - Brazzaville

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Multiple Perpetrators Unknown/Unclear/Other (Non-State) Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.27 Colombia

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, State Multiple Perpetrators Unknown/Unclear/Other Sanction (Non-State) State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Non State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.28 Comoros

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.29 Cuba

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unknown/Unclear/Other

4.30 Germany

290 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Transnational, Non-State Unknown/Unclear/Other Unknown/Unclear/Other

4.31 Dominican Republic

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Unknown/Unclear/Other

4.32 Algeria

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.33 Ecuador

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Unknown/Unclear/Other

4.34 Egypt

4.35 Eritrea

291 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.36 Western Sahara

Government Challenger Civilian Other

4.37 Spain

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.38 Ethiopia

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction State Perpetrator Non State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction Transnational, Non-State

4.39 Finland

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.40 France

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Transnational, Non-State

292 Actor Dictionaries xSub 4.41 Gabon

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator

4.42 United Kingdom

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.43 Georgia

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Unknown/Unclear/Other

4.44 Ghana

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Unknown/Unclear/Other

4.45 Guinea

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction State Perpetrator

4.46 Gambia

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator State Perpetrator

4.47 Guinea-Bissau

293 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Unknown/Unclear/Other Unknown/Unclear/Other

4.48 Greece

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unknown/Unclear/Other

4.49 Guatemala

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/other State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Unknown/Unclear/Other

4.50 Guyana

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, State Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other Sanction State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.51 Honduras

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Unknown/Unclear/Other

4.52 Croatia

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Unknown/Unclear/Other

294 Actor Dictionaries xSub 4.53 Haiti

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Unknown/Unclear/Other

4.54 Indonesia

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, State Multiple Perpetrators Unknown/Unclear/Other Sanction (Non-State) State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.55 India

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, State Multiple Perpetrators Unknown/Unclear/Other Sanction (Non-State) State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction Transnational, State

4.56 Iran

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Unknown/Unclear/Other

4.57 Iraq

295 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, State Multiple Perpetrators No Information/Un- Sanction (Non-State) clear/Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Other/Unclear/Other State Sanction State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State, Sanction Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction Non-State, Internal, State Sanction Transnational, Non-State

4.58 Israel

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.59 Italy

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction

4.60 Jamaica

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpertrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction State Perpetrator

4.61 Jordan

296 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.62 Japan

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.63 Kazakhstan

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unknown/Unclear/Other Unknown/Unclear/Other

4.64 Kenya

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Transnational, Non-State

4.65 Kyrgyzstan

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Multiple Perpetrators (Non-State) Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.66 Cambodia

297 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, State Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other Sanction State Sanction State Perpetrator Unknown/Unclear/Other

4.67 South Korea

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unknown/Unclear/Other

4.68 NA

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.69 Kuwait

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator

4.70 Laos

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.71 Lebanon

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Multiple Perpetrators Unknown/Unclear/Other (Non-State) Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.72 Liberia

298 Actor Dictionaries xSub

4.73 Libya

4.74 Sri Lanka

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, State Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other Sanction State Sanction State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.75 Lesotho

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.76 Lithuania

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction

4.77 Latvia

299 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unknown/Unclear/Other

4.78 Morocco

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.79 Moldova

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unknown/Unclear/Other

4.80 Madagascar

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction

4.81 Maldives

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unknown/Unclear/Other

4.82 Mexico

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, State Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/other Sanction State Sanction State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction

4.83 Macedonia

300 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator

4.84 Mali

4.85 Myanmar (Burma)

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Multiple Perpetrators Unknown/Unclear/Other (Non-State) State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.86 Mozambique

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction

4.87 Mauritania

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.88 Malawi

301 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Unknown/Unclear/Other

4.89 Malaysia

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction

4.90 Namibia

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unknown/Unclear/Other

4.91 Niger

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction Transnational, Non-State

4.92 Nigeria

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, State Multiple Perpetrators Unknown/Unclear/Other Sanction (Non-State) State Perpetrator Non-State Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction State Perpetrator Non State, Internal, No State Sanction Transnational, State Multiple Perpetrators (Non-State) Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

302 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.93 Nicaragua

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction

4.94 Netherlands

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unknown/Unclear/Other Unknown/Unclear/Other

4.95 Norway

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.96 Nepal

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction

4.97 Oman

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator

4.98 Pakistan

303 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Transnational, State Non State, Internal, No State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction Transnational, Non-State

4.99 Peru

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction

4.100 Philippines

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Multiple Perpetrators Unknown/Unclear/Other (Non-State) State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Non-State, Internal, State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.101 Papua New Guinea

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

304 Actor Dictionaries xSub 4.102 Poland

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.103 Puerto Rico

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.104 Portugal

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unknown/Unclear/Other

4.105 Paraguay

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unknown/Unclear/Other

4.106 Palestinian Territories

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Multiple Perpetrators State Sanction (State and Non-State) State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.107 Russia

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Non State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction

305 Actor Dictionaries xSub 4.108 Rwanda

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction

4.109 Saudi Arabia

4.110 Sudan

Government Challenger Civilian Other Multiple Perpetrators Multiple Perpetrators Unknown/Unclear/Other (State) (Non-State) Non-State, Internal, State Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other Sanction State Sanction State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction State Perpetrator Non State, Internal, No State Sanction State Perpetrator Multiple Perpetrators (Non-State) Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.111 Senegal

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Unknown/Unclear/Other

4.112 Solomon Islands

306 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.113 Sierra Leone

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Non-State, Internal, State Sanction

4.114 El Salvador

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.115 Somalia

Government Challenger Civilian Other Multiple Perpetrators Multiple perpetrators Unknown/Unclear/Other (State) (Non-State) Non-State, Internal, State Multiple Perpetrators Unknown/Unclear/Other Sanction (Non-State) State Perpetrator Non-State Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction State Perpetrator Multiple Perpetrators (Non-State) State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction Transnational, State Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction Transnational, Non-State

4.116 Serbia

307 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction

4.117 South Sudan

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction State Perpetrator Non State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction State Perpetrator Multiple Perpetrators (Non-State) Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.118 Slovakia

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction

4.119 Swaziland

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.120 Syria

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.121 Chad

308 Actor Dictionaries xSub

4.122 Togo

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator

4.123 Thailand

4.124 Tajikistan

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction

4.125 Turkmenistan

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unknown/Unclear/Other

4.126 Timor-Leste

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Unknown/Unclear/Other

309 Actor Dictionaries xSub 4.127 Trinidad & Tobago

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction

4.128 Tunisia

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.129 Turkey

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, State Non-State, Internal, No Other/Unclear/Other Sanction State Sanction State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Transnational, Non-State

4.130 Tanzania

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, State Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other Sanction State Sanction State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction

4.131 Uganda

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction

310 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.132 Ukraine

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction

4.133 Uzbekistan

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.134 Venezuela

4.135 Vietnam

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction

4.136 Yemen

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Multiple Perpetrators Unknown/Unclear/Other (Non-State) State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction State Perpetrator Multiple Perpetrators Unknown/Unclear/Other (Non-State)

311 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction Transnational, State Multiple Perpetrators (Non-State) Non-State, Internal, No State Sanction Transnational, Non-State

4.137 South Africa

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No Unknown/Unclear/Other State Sanction Unknown/Unclear/Other

4.138 Zambia

Government Challenger Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, State Non-State, Internal, No Sanction State Sanction

4.139 Zimbabwe

Government Challenger Civilian Other State Perpetrator Unknown/Unclear/Other

312 Actor Dictionaries xSub 5 Social Conﬂict Analysis Dataset (SCAD)

The Social Conflict Analysis Database (SCAD) includes protests, riots, strikes, inter-communal conflict, government violence against civilians, and other forms of social conflict not sys- tematically tracked in other conflict datasets. SCAD currently includes information social conflicts from 1990-2015, covering all of Africa and much of Latin America (Salehyan et al., 2012).

313 Actor Dictionaries xSub 5.1 Angola

Government Challenger Civilian Other Angolan Government Angolan Revolutionary Citizens (2012 - 2012) An- Aid convoy (1998 - 1998) (2012 - 2012) Angola Movement (2013 - 2013) gola Angola Angola Central government (1990 - Anti-government activists Civilian (2003 - 2003) An- Aid ship (1993 - 1993) An- 1990) Angola (2011 - 2011) Angola gola gola Government (1975 - 2015) Armed gang (1998 - 2002) Civilians (1993 - 2006) An- Branch Energy (1998 - Angola Angola gola 1998) Angola Government envoy (1998 - Armed groups (2002 - Congolese civilians (2002 - Cabinda Gulf Oil Com- 1998) Angola 2002) Angola 2002) Angola pany (1991 - 1992) Angola Government forces (2004 - Armed guerrillas (1990 - Local residents (2004 - Catholic missionaries (1997 2004) Angola 1990) Angola 2004) Angola - 1997) Angola Government organized Armed men (1998 - 1998) Prisoners (2007 - 2012) An- Catholics (2009 - 2009) An- civilians (2001 - 2001) Angola gola gola Angola Government riot police Bandits (1996 - 2003) An- Shanty town residents Chevron Corp. (1990 - (2001 - 2001) Angola gola (2001 - 2001) Angola 1990) Angola Government soldiers (1996 Cabinda rebels (1992 - Confederation of Unions - 1996) Angola 1992) Angola (2000 - 2000) Angola Local administration (2004 Cabinda separatists (2010 - DeBeers employees (1997 - - 2004) Angola 2010) Angola 1997) Angola Local government (1998 - Criminal elements (1997 - Demobilized soldiers (1993 1998) Angola 1997) Angola - 1993) Angola MPLA (2011 - 2011) An- Demonstrators (2011 - DiamondWorks (1998 - gola 2011) Angola 1998) Angola MPLA (ruling party) (2004 FLEC-FAC (1991 - 2007) Football fans (1992 - 1992) - 2004) Angola Angola Angola MPLA supporters (2013 - Guinea-Bissau Police (2012 Foreigners (1992 - 1992) 2013) Angola - 2012) Angola Angola People’s Movement for the Gunmen (1996 - 1998) An- Former rebels (1997 - 1998) Liberation of Angola Party gola Angola (2012 - 2012) Angola Police (1992 - 2015) Angola Katangan Tigers (2004 - Gang of former soldiers 2004) Angola (1998 - 1998) Angola Popular Movement for the Mpalabanda (2004 - 2004) Greek-owned Oil Tanker Liberation of Angola (2010 Angola (2014 - 2014) Angola - 2010) Angola Presidential guards (2003 - Opposition (2011 - 2011) Labor unions (2006 - 2006) 2003) Angola Angola Angola Prison guards (2007 - 2007) Opposition activists (2001 Market traders (2004 - Angola - 2001) Angola 2004) Angola Prison Guards (2012 - Opposition leader (2004 - Oil workers (1991 - 2000) 2012) Angola 2004) Angola Angola Pro-government militia Opposition Parties (2012 - Pirates (2014 - 2014) An- (1999 - 1999) Angola 2012) Angola gola

314 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Soldiers (1994 - 2010) An- Opposition party (2004 - Pope Benedict XVI (2009 - gola 2004) Angola 2009) Angola Unita activist (2013 - 2013) Protesters (2010 - 2010) Religious sect (2015 - 2015) Angola Angola Angola UNITA party (2004 - 2004) protesters (2015 - 2015) Shipyard workers (1990 - Angola Angola 1990) Angola Rebels (2010 - 2010) An- SINPROF (1995 - 1995) gola Angola UNITA (1975 - 2010) An- Teachers (1995 - 2001) An- gola gola UNITA soldiers (1996 - Teaching staﬀ (1999 - 1996) Angola 1999) Angola UNITA supporters (1992 - Togo soccer team (2010 - 1992) Angola 2010) Angola Young Revolutionaries Truck driver (2005 - 2005) Movement (2011 - 2011) Angola Angola UN observers (1997 - 1998) Angola University professors (2002 - 2002) Angola University students (2002 - 2002) Angola University teachers (2001 - 2001) Angola Unknown attackers (1997 - 2004) Angola Unknown raiders (1997 - 1997) Angola Villagers (1997 - 1997) An- gola Women (2007 - 2007) An- gola Youth activists (2015 - 2015) Angola Youth movement (2013 - 2013) Angola Youths (2011 - 2011) An- gola Zairian immigrants (1993 - 1993) Angola

5.2 Burundi

315 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Alleged police (2010 - Charles Nditije (2014 - Catholic civilians (1995 - African Union (2015 - 2010) Burundi 2014) Burundi 1995) Burundi 2015) Burundi Army bases (2015 - 2015) CNDD (1991 - 2008) Bu- Catholic mission (2011 - aid agencies (1996 - 1996) Burundi rundi 2011) Burundi Burundi Army chief (2015 - 2015) Collective Against the Citizens (2010 - 2010) Bu- Armed band (2001 - 2001) Burundi High Cost of Living (2012 rundi Burundi - 2012) Burundi Army major (2015 - 2015) Demonstrators (2012 - civilians (1993 - 2009) Bu- Armed bandits (2011 - Burundi 2012) Burundi rundi 2011) Burundi Burundian Security Forces FNL-Ubugabo burihabwa Civilians (2001 - 2015) Bu- Armed Bandits (2012 - (2014 - 2014) Burundi (2012 - 2012) Burundi rundi 2012) Burundi central government (1993 - Forceful Self-Defence- Ex-rebels (2010 - 2010) Bu- Armed gang (1996 - 1996) 2009) Burundi Amasekanya (2004 - 2004) rundi Burundi Burundi civil servants (1996 - 1996) Gaston Sindimwo (2014 - Former FLN rebels (2011 - armed gangs (1994 - 1994) Burundi 2014) Burundi 2011) Burundi Burundi CNDD-FDD ruling party General Godefroid Niy- Former rebels (2010 - 2010) Attackers (2010 - 2010) activists (2015 - 2015) Bu- ombare (2015 - 2015) Bu- Burundi Burundi rundi rundi Courthouse (2012 - 2012) Hutu rebels (1996 - 1996) Hutu civilians (1995 - Bar (2013 - 2015) Burundi Burundi Burundi 1995) Burundi faction of FNL (2007 - Insurgents (2015 - 2015) Hutu refugees (1994 - 1994) Bars (2015 - 2015) Burundi 2007) Burundi Burundi Burundi FLN (2011 - 2011) Burundi National Liberation Forces Son of human rights bicycle taxi drivers (2003 - (2007 - 2013) Burundi defender Pierre-Claver 2003) Burundi Mbonimpa (2015 - 2015) Burundi Front for Democracy in NLF rebels (2007 - 2007) Brarudi Brewery (2012 - Burundi (2007 - 2007) Bu- Burundi 2012) Burundi rundi Government (1991 - 2015) Power of Self-Defence- Building housing election Burundi Amasekanya (2002 - 2002) material (2015 - 2015) Bu- Burundi rundi Government Oﬃce (2012 - Protest leader (2015 - Burundian Union of Jour- 2012) Burundi 2015) Burundi nalists (2011 - 2011) Bu- rundi Government Soldiers (2014 protesters (1993 - 2015) Bus (2013 - 2013) Burundi - 2014) Burundi Burundi government workers (2007 Rebel soldiers (2015 - 2015) Cattle rustlers (2001 - - 2007) Burundi Burundi 2001) Burundi governor Sylvestre Mvutse Rebels (2007 - 2007) Bu- Chinese traders (2007 - (1996 - 1996) Burundi rundi 2007) Burundi House of an oﬃcial from rival faction of FNL (2007 civil service mutual in- ruling CNDD-FDD party - 2007) Burundi surance company manage- (2015 - 2015) Burundi ment (1996 - 1996) Bu- rundi

316 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other House of the vice president supporters of former presi- Congolese Tutsi (2004 - of the ruling CNDD-FDD dent Bagaza (1997 - 1997) 2004) Burundi party in the municipality Burundi of Mugongomanga (2015 - 2015) Burundi judges and magistrates Surrendered rebels (2014 - Crowd (2015 - 2015) Bu- (2003 - 2003) Burundi 2014) Burundi rundi Loyalist troops (2015 - Troops supporting coup Democratic Republic of 2015) Burundi (2015 - 2015) Burundi Congo (2004 - 2004) Bu- rundi main opposition party Zebiya Catholic sect fol- displaced people (1995 - (1995 - 1995) Burundi lowers (2013 - 2013) Bu- 1995) Burundi rundi military (1993 - 1993) Bu- doctors (2008 - 2009) Bu- rundi rundi Military Airport (2012 - Ex-army chief (2015 - 2012) Burundi 2015) Burundi Military post (2015 - 2015) Fellow prisoners (2013 - Burundi 2013) Burundi National Liberation Forces former child soldiers (2008 (FNL) (2014 - 2014) Bu- - 2009) Burundi rundi NLF rebel dissidents (2007 former UN employees - 2007) Burundi (2008 - 2008) Burundi opposition parties (1994 - French aid workers (2007 - 1996) Burundi 2007) Burundi Opposition party Funeral bus (2015 - 2015) spokesman (2015 - Burundi 2015) Burundi police (2003 - 2007) Bu- Gunman (2015 - 2015) Bu- rundi rundi Police (2010 - 2015) Bu- gunmen (1996 - 1996) Bu- rundi rundi Police general (2015 - 2015) Gunmen (2008 - 2015) Bu- Burundi rundi Police oﬃcer (2013 - 2013) high school students (2002 Burundi - 2002) Burundi Police patrol (2015 - 2015) Human rights activist Burundi (2015 - 2015) Burundi Policeman (2015 - 2015) Human rights groups (2011 Burundi - 2011) Burundi President’s supporters Hutu (1994 - 1996) Bu- (2015 - 2015) Burundi rundi President (2015 - 2015) Bu- Hutu youth (1994 - 1994) rundi Burundi

317 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other President Ntibantunganya Hutus (1993 - 1994) Bu- (1996 - 1996) Burundi rundi Presidential advisor and a Imbonerakure (2015 - top member of the ruling 2015) Burundi CNDD-FDD party (2015 - 2015) Burundi Prison guards (2010 - 2010) Imbonerakure ruling party Burundi militant youth wing (2015 - 2015) Burundi prison oﬃcials (2004 - Indepenent media (2015 - 2004) Burundi 2015) Burundi Pro-president police and international community troops (2015 - 2015) Bu- (1996 - 1996) Burundi rundi Ruling party (2010 - 2010) Italian Nuns (2014 - 2014) Burundi Burundi Ruling party members Journalist (2013 - 2015) (2011 - 2011) Burundi Burundi security forces (1994 - journalists (2006 - 2006) 1994) Burundi Burundi Security forces (2011 - Journalists (2015 - 2015) 2015) Burundi Burundi Security Forces (2012 - judges (2009 - 2009) Bu- 2012) Burundi rundi Senior army commander lawyers (2006 - 2006) Bu- (2015 - 2015) Burundi rundi State radio and tv building leader of Youth in Recon- (2015 - 2015) Burundi struction for a World in Destruction (2002 - 2002) Burundi Top general (2015 - 2015) Leonard Hakizimana (2012 Burundi - 2012) Burundi Troops (2014 - 2014) Bu- Men in police uniforms rundi (2015 - 2015) Burundi Unity for National Mines and Energy Minister Progress (1994 - 1996) (1995 - 1995) Burundi Burundi moped taxi drivers (2002 - 2002) Burundi motorcycle taxi drivers (2005 - 2005) Burundi Movement for Solidarity and Development (MSD) (2014 - 2014) Burundi Murundi People’s Front (2012 - 2012) Burundi

318 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other nurses (2006 - 2009) Bu- rundi Opposition (2015 - 2015) Burundi Opposition leader (2015 - 2015) Burundi Opposition leaders (2010 - 2010) Burundi Opposition oﬃcial (2010 - 2010) Burundi Opposition oﬃcials (2010 - 2010) Burundi Opposition supporters (2015 - 2015) Burundi peasants (2004 - 2004) Bu- rundi perpetrators of sexual violence (2004 - 2004) Bu- rundi petroleum companies (2004 - 2004) Burundi Police informers (2015 - 2015) Burundi politicians (2007 - 2007) Burundi primary school teachers (2007 - 2007) Burundi prisoners (2004 - 2008) Bu- rundi Prisoners (2010 - 2013) Bu- rundi private school students (2002 - 2002) Burundi public school students (2002 - 2002) Burundi Red Cross workers (1996 - 1996) Burundi refugees (1996 - 1996) Bu- rundi Rwandan refugees (1995 - 1996) Burundi Schoolchildren (2010 - 2010) Burundi secondary school teachers (2002 - 2002) Burundi

319 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Soldier (2015 - 2015) Bu- rundi soldiers (1996 - 1996) Bu- rundi Soldiers (2010 - 2015) Bu- rundi South Africa (2004 - 2004) Burundi South African troops (2003 - 2003) Burundi students (1994 - 2008) Bu- rundi Students (2015 - 2015) Bu- rundi Suspected witches (2010 - 2010) Burundi teachers (2004 - 2009) Bu- rundi Teachers (2010 - 2010) Bu- rundi thieves (2005 - 2005) Bu- rundi Tutsi (1994 - 1996) Bu- rundi Tutsi authorities (1995 - 1995) Burundi Tutsi extremist (1995 - 2000) Burundi Tutsi extremists (2001 - 2001) Burundi Tutsi opposition (1995 - 1995) Burundi Tutsi refugees (1994 - 1994) Burundi Tutsi soldiers (1993 - 1993) Burundi Tutsi students (1995 - 1995) Burundi Tutsi youth (1994 - 2002) Burundi UN employees (2008 - 2008) Burundi Unidentiﬁed Armed Group (2014 - 2014) Burundi Unidentiﬁed gunmen (2007 - 2007) Burundi

320 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unidentified Victims (2014 - 2014) Burundi uniformed men (2000 - 2000) Burundi United Nations (1993 - 1995) Burundi university officials (2000 - 2001) Burundi university staff and lecturers (1999 - 1999) Burundi university students (1993 - 2003) Burundi university teachers (2005 - 2005) Burundi unknown (1994 - 2009) Bu- rundi Unknown arsonists (2015 - 2015) Burundi Unknown Assailants (2014 - 2014) Burundi Unknown atatckers (2015 - 2015) Burundi Unknown Attacker (2012 - 2012) Burundi Unknown attacker (2015 - 2015) Burundi Unknown attackers (2007 - 2015) Burundi Unknown bombers (2011 - 2011) Burundi Unknown gunmen (2007 - 2015) Burundi Uprona Headquarters (2014 - 2014) Burundi Visitors (2013 - 2013) Bu- rundi voters (2005 - 2005) Bu- rundi Wife of opposition leader (2015 - 2015) Burundi women (1995 - 1995) Bu- rundi Women (2015 - 2015) Bu- rundi

321 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other workers with the civil service mutual insurance company (1996 - 1996) Burundi Young Men (2014 - 2014) Burundi Youth (2015 - 2015) Bu- rundi Youth gang (2015 - 2015) Burundi Youths (2013 - 2013) Bu- rundi

5.3 Benin

Government Challenger Civilian Other Benin army (2001 - 2001) armed group for the liber- citizens (1996 - 1996) Air Afrique oﬃcials (2001 - Benin ation of Jean-Claude Soglo Benin 2001) Benin (1995 - 1995) Benin Benin Renaissance Party Bandits (2001 - 2001) Civilians (2001 - 2009) Air Afrique workers (2001 - (2002 - 2006) Benin Benin Benin 2001) Benin central government (1990 - Beninese gang members prisoners (2000 - 2000) American Citizen (2012 - 2006) Benin (2006 - 2006) Benin Benin 2012) Benin civil servants (1991 - 2006) civil rights groups (2006 - anti-Iraq war protesters Benin 2006) Benin (2003 - 2003) Benin constitutional court (1996 - demonstrators (2000 - Bank robbers (2008 - 2008) 1996) Benin 2000) Benin Benin Election commission (1999 Election protesters (2011 - Beke FC football fans - 1999) Benin 2011) Benin (1997 - 1997) Benin Government (1994 - 2014) Kerekou supporters (1991 - Chemical tanker (2011 - Benin 1991) Benin 2011) Benin government workers (1990 opposition groups (1991 - criminals (1999 - 1999) - 2002) Benin 1991) Benin Benin magistrates (2004 - 2005) protesters (2014 - 2014) customs agents (2001 - Benin Benin 2001) Benin police (2003 - 2004) Benin Rebels (1996 - 1996) Benin Customs union (2011 - 2011) Benin polling stations (2001 - Cypriot tanker (2011 - 2002) Benin 2011) Benin President Boni Yayi (2007 Ecobank (2008 - 2008) - 2007) Benin Benin Presidential Guard (1991 - Gunmen (1999 - 1999) 1991) Benin Benin Pro-Government health, education and protesters (2014 - 2014) ﬁnance workers (2002 - Benin 2002) Benin

322 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Soglo supporters (2002 - illegal gasoline vendors 2002) Benin (2006 - 2006) Benin Italian tanker (2011 - 2011) Benin journalists (2003 - 2003) Benin MP Sea King (2011 - 2011) Benin Nicolas Sarkozy (2006 - 2006) Benin Niger government (1999 - 1999) Benin Niger students (1999 - 1999) Benin Nigerian bandits (2001 - 2001) Benin Nigerian gang members (2006 - 2006) Benin nurses and mid-wives (1998 - 1998) Benin Oﬃce of Radio and Televi- sion of Benin (2005 - 2005) Benin oil workers (2000 - 2000) Benin Pirates (2009 - 2011) Benin pro-democracy supporters (1990 - 1990) Benin public sector workers (2004 - 2004) Benin railroad workers (2001 - 2001) Benin Robert Guei (2000 - 2000) Benin students (1994 - 2006) Benin Swedish tanker (2011 - 2011) Benin teachers (1997 - 2004) Benin television and radio workers (2005 - 2005) Benin truck drivers (2004 - 2004) Benin United States (2003 - 2003) Benin

323 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other university oﬃcials (1994 - 2001) Benin university professors (1999 - 1999) Benin Unknown (1994 - 2007) Benin unknown (2001 - 2001) Benin Unknown Kidnappers (2012 - 2012) Benin Varietes FC fans (1997 - 1997) Benin vigilante volunteers (1999 - 1999) Benin

5.4 Burkina Faso

Government Challenger Civilian Other Army (2015 - 2015) Burk- Balai Citoyen Protest 58 year-old retired teacher Adama Sagnon (2014 - ina Faso Group (2014 - 2014) Mamadou Kere (2000 - 2014) Burkina Faso Burkina Faso 2000) Burkina Faso Coordination of Demo- Burkina Peasant Farmers’ African refugees (2000 - Air traﬃc controllers (1996 cratic Forces (CFD) (1991 Confederation (2006 - 2000) Burkina Faso - 1996) Burkina Faso - 1991) Burkina Faso 2006) Burkina Faso Gendarmerie (2005 - 2005) Burkinabe protesters (2002 Citizens (2010 - 2010) Airline employees, electri- Burkina Faso - 2002) Burkina Faso Burkina Faso cal employees, health care employees (1999 - 1999) Burkina Faso Gendarmes (1995 - 1995) Coalition Against Im- Civilians (1994 - 1994) Akonga (2012 - 2012) Burkina Faso punity (2000 - 2000) Burkina Faso Burkina Faso Burkina Faso Government (1991 - 2015) Collectif (consortium of Clement Oumarou Oue- Anti-war protesters (2003 - Burkina Faso human rights, political par- draogo (1991 - 1991) Burk- 2003) Burkina Faso ties, and labor) (1999 - ina Faso 1999) Burkina Faso Interim president (2015 - Coup supporters (2015 - Armoured van (2015 - 2015) Burkina Faso 2015) Burkina Faso 2015) Burkina Faso Junior oﬃcers and soldiers Daogo Thiombano, the Bandits (2004 - 2005) (1999 - 1999) Burkina Faso chief of Gonabin village Burkina Faso (2007 - 2007) Burkina Faso Naaba Tigre chief (2000 - Demonstrators (1991 - Burkinabe merchants 2000) Burkina Faso 1991) Burkina Faso (2001 - 2001) Burkina Faso Police (2004 - 2010) Burk- Followers of opposition Burkinabe people (2001 - ina Faso leader Zephirin Diabre 2001) Burkina Faso (2013 - 2013) Burkina Faso

324 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Police barracks (2015 - Ivory Coast government Burkinabe women (1999 - 2015) Burkina Faso (2002 - 2002) Burkina Faso 2006) Burkina Faso President Blaise Compaore National Coalition Against Christians (2015 - 2015) (2001 - 2014) Burkina Faso the High Cost of Liv- Burkina Faso ing (CCVC) (2011 - 2011) Burkina Faso Prison administration Opposition leaders and Electrical workers (1999 - (2004 - 2004) Burkina Faso mostly young people (1999 1999) Burkina Faso - 1999) Burkina Faso Prison guards (2009 - 2009) Opposition protesters Farmers (2012 - 2012) Burkina Faso (2014 - 2014) Burkina Faso Burkina Faso Soldiers (2006 - 2011) Presidential Security Regi- Film festival attendees Burkina Faso ment (2015 - 2015) Burkina (2005 - 2005) Burkina Faso Faso Protesters (1999 - 2008) Fula shepherds (2008 - Burkina Faso 2008) Burkina Faso protesters (2014 - 2015) General Confederation of Burkina Faso Burkina Workers (CGT-B) (2000 - 2000) Burkina Faso Tuareg rebels (1994 - 1994) General Confederation of Burkina Faso Burkinabe Workers (CGT- B) (1999 - 1999) Burkina Faso Health care workers (1997 - 1997) Burkina Faso Herders (2012 - 2012) Burkina Faso International community (2008 - 2008) Burkina Faso Islamic militants (2015 - 2015) Burkina Faso Jihadists (2015 - 2015) Burkina Faso Kankanfouani villagers (2007 - 2007) Burkina Faso Lebanese merchants (2001 - 2001) Burkina Faso Liliou (2012 - 2012) Burk- ina Faso Lobi farmers (2008 - 2008) Burkina Faso Masked assailants (1991 - 1991) Burkina Faso Naaba Tigre tribespersons (2000 - 2000) Burkina Faso

325 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other National Association of Burkinabe Students (ANEB) (2000 - 2000) Burkina Faso National Students Associa- tion (1997 - 1997) Burkina Faso National Trade Unions (2012 - 2012) Burkina Faso National Union of Faso Students (UNEF) (2000 - 2000) Burkina Faso Ouagadougou University students (1991 - 2008) Burkina Faso Pan African Minerals mining company (2015 - 2015) Burkina Faso Prisoners (2004 - 2009) Burkina Faso Romanian security oﬃcer (2015 - 2015) Burkina Faso Schoolchildren (1995 - 1995) Burkina Faso Seven labor umbrella organizations (1999 - 1999) Burkina Faso Six unions and some 15 independent organisations (2008 - 2008) Burkina Faso Society for Women and AIDS in Africa (SWAA) (2008 - 2008) Burkina Faso Stallkeepers (2004 - 2004) Burkina Faso Students (1999 - 2013) Burkina Faso Supermarkets (1991 - 1991) Burkina Faso Truck drivers (2015 - 2015) Burkina Faso UN agency headquarters (2000 - 2000) Burkina Faso Unions (2015 - 2015) Burk- ina Faso

326 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other United States-led coalition (2003 - 2003) Burkina Faso University and high school students (1999 - 1999) Burkina Faso University lecturers (2001 - 2001) Burkina Faso University oﬃcials (2013 - 2013) Burkina Faso University students (1998 - 2000) Burkina Faso Unknown attackers (2015 - 2015) Burkina Faso Women (2015 - 2015) Burkina Faso Workers (2002 - 2002) Burkina Faso

5.5 Botswana

Government Challenger Civilian Other Botswana National Front First People of the Auto Workers (1999 - (2006 - 2006) Botswana Kalahari (2005 - 2005) 1999) Botswana Botswana Botswanan Uniﬁed Local Supporters of union presi- Botswana Civil Society on Government Services dent Japhta Radibe (2006 Zimbabwe (2007 - 2007) Authority (2002 - 2002) - 2006) Botswana Botswana Botswana Central Government (2002 Botswana Federation of - 2002) Botswana Public Sector Unions (2011 - 2011) Botswana Debswana (DeBeers and Botswana Mine Worker’s Govt partnership) (2004 - Union (2004 - 2004) 2004) Botswana Botswana Government (1991 - 2011) Botswanan Muslims (2003 Botswana - 2003) Botswana Public sector manual work- DeBeers Company (1991 - ers (1991 - 1991) Botswana 1991) Botswana Diamond Miners (1991 - 1991) Botswana Hyundai (1999 - 1999) Botswana Murderer of Segametsi Mogomotsi (1995 - 1995) Botswana

327 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other National Football As- sociation (2012 - 2012) Botswana National Football Team (2012 - 2012) Botswana South African Develop- ment Community (2007 - 2007) Botswana United States (2003 - 2003) Botswana University Faculty (1999 - 1999) Botswana University students (1991 - 1991) Botswana Vice Chancellor Sharon Siverts (1999 - 1999) Botswana Villagers (1995 - 1995) Botswana Zimbabwe government (2008 - 2008) Botswana Zimbabwean immigrants (2008 - 2008) Botswana

5.6 Central African Republic

Government Challenger Civilian Other Alliance for Democracy Anti-Balaka Christian Citizens (2010 - 2013) Cen- African stabilization mis- (1992 - 1992) Central Militias (2014 - 2014) tral African Republic sion (2013 - 2013) Central African Republic Central African Republic African Republic Bozize supporters (2013 - Anti-balaka group (2015 - Civilians (1998 - 2014) Aid Workers (2015 - 2015) 2013) Central African Re- 2015) Central African Re- Central African Republic Central African Republic public public Citizen Coalition Opposed Anti-Balaka group (2015 - Displaced persons camp Andre Kolingba (2005 - to the Armed Rebels (2012 2015) Central African Re- (2015 - 2015) Central 2005) Central African Re- - 2012) Central African Re- public African Republic public public Civil Servants (1991 - Anti-balaka militants Ex-rebels (2004 - 2013) Angry Muslim mob (2013 - 2008) Central African (2013 - 2013) Central Central African Republic 2013) Central African Re- Republic African Republic public Civil servants (2004 - 2004) Armed assailants (2013 - Former child soldiers (2013 Armed men (1997 - 2013) Central African Republic 2013) Central African Re- - 2013) Central African Re- Central African Republic public public Defense minister (1997 - Armed ﬁghters (2013 - Armed Muslims Fighters 1997) Central African Re- 2013) Central African Re- (2015 - 2015) Central public public African Republic

328 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Former mutineers (1997 - Christian anti-balaka (2015 Bandits (1998 - 2009) Cen- 1997) Central African Re- - 2015) Central African Re- tral African Republic public public Former Seleka rebel’s CPJP (2009 - 2009) Cen- Burundian peacekeepers house (2013 - 2013) tral African Republic (2013 - 2013) Central Central African Republic African Republic Francois Bozize support- Democratic Front (2008 - CAR national football ers (2013 - 2013) Central 2008) Central African Re- squad (2000 - 2000) African Republic public Central African Republic Goumba supporters (1993 - Democratic Front for the Cattle herder (2013 - 2013) 1993) Central African Re- Central African People Central African Republic public (2013 - 2013) Central African Republic Government (1990 - 2015) Demonstrators (1991 - Central African Flame Central African Republic 2014) Central African (FLAC) (2000 - 2000) Republic Central African Republic Government ministers Followers of Petit Delphon Chadian cattle herders (2013 - 2013) Central Kotto (2013 - 2013) Cen- (2010 - 2010) Central African Republic tral African Republic African Republic Interim President Catherin Francois Bozize (2003 - Chadian citizens (2013 - Samba Panza (2015 - 2015) 2003) Central African Re- 2013) Central African Re- Central African Republic public public Joseph Bendounga (2003 - Guerillas (2015 - 2015) Chadian farmers (2001 - 2003) Central African Re- Central African Republic 2001) Central African Re- public public Kolingba supporters (1993 Local militiamen (2000 - Chadian peacekeeper (2013 - 1993) Central African Re- 2000) Central African Re- - 2013) Central African Re- public public public Local administration Lord’s Resistance Army Chadian peacekeepers headquarters, Army base, (2009 - 2013) Central (2013 - 2013) Central paramilitary police post African Republic African Republic (2013 - 2013) Central African Republic Military (2012 - 2012) Cen- Movement of Central Chadian rebels (2005 - tral African Republic African Liberators for 2006) Central African Re- Justice (2010 - 2010) public Central African Republic Military faction (1996 - Muslim Militia (2015 - Chadians (2004 - 2004) 2001) Central African Re- 2015) Central African Re- Central African Republic public public Military police (2013 - People’s Army for the Children (2013 - 2013) 2013) Central African Re- Restoration of Democracy Central African Republic public (2009 - 2009) Central African Republic

329 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Movement for Social Popular Army for the Chinese Workers (2012 - Evolution in Black Africa Restoration of Democracy 2012) Central African Re- (1991 - 1991) Central and the Republic (2007 public African Republic - 2007) Central African Republic Movement for the Libera- protesters (1991 - 2015) Christian militiamen (2013 tion of the People of Cen- Central African Republic - 2013) Central African Re- traﬁque (MLPC) (1999 - public 1999) Central African Re- public Muslim ex-Selega rebels Protesters (2009 - 2013) Christians (2015 - 2015) (2015 - 2015) Central Central African Republic Central African Republic African Republic Muslim ex-Seleka Rebels Rebel (2013 - 2013) Central Commercial Convoy (2015 (2015 - 2015) Central African Republic - 2015) Central African Re- African Republic public Opposition party support- Rebel government (2013 - Congolese peacekeeper ers (1998 - 1998) Central 2013) Central African Re- (2013 - 2013) Central African Republic public African Republic Parliament (2002 - 2012) Rebels (2003 - 2013) Cen- Coordination Committee Central African Republic tral African Republic for the Convocation of a National Conference (1991 - 1991) Central African Republic Parliamentary aides (2004 Suspected rebels (2013 - Criminal defendants (1994 - 2004) Central African Re- 2013) Central African Re- - 1994) Central African Re- public public public Police headquarters (2013 - The Convention of Patriots Diamond mining zones 2013) Central African Re- for Peace and Justice (2013 (2013 - 2013) Central public - 2013) Central African Re- African Republic public Popular Army for the UFDR (2006 - 2006) Cen- Displaced people (2013 - Restoration of Democracy tral African Republic 2013) Central African Re- (2010 - 2010) Central public African Republic President Michel Djoto- Union of Democratic Doctor’s association (2011 dia (2014 - 2014) Central Forces for Unity (2010 - 2011) Central African Re- African Republic - 2010) Central African public Republic Presidential palace (2013 - Women protesters (2014 - Doctors Without Borders 2013) Central African Re- 2014) Central African Re- (2007 - 2007) Central public public African Republic Prime Minister Nicholas Doctors without Borders Tiangaye’s house (2013 - (2008 - 2008) Central 2013) Central African Re- African Republic public

330 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Pro-Government Support- Farmer’s self defense group ers (2012 - 2012) Central (2009 - 2009) Central African Republic African Republic Ruling party supporters Farmers (2009 - 2009) Cen- (1998 - 1998) Central tral African Republic African Republic Transport Ministry (2012 - Food supplies (2013 - 2013) 2012) Central African Re- Central African Republic public France (1991 - 2013) Cen- tral African Republic French journalists (2013 - 2013) Central African Re- public French troops (2013 - 2013) Central African Republic Funeral attendees (2006 - 2006) Central African Re- public Goula (2009 - 2009) Cen- tral African Republic Gulus (2009 - 2009) Cen- tral African Republic High school students (2006 - 2006) Central African Re- public Homes (2013 - 2013) Cen- tral African Republic Hospital (2013 - 2013) Cen- tral African Republic Hospitals (2013 - 2013) Central African Republic Houses (2013 - 2013) Cen- tral African Republic International Red Cross (2009 - 2009) Central African Republic Joseph Kony’s bodyguard (2013 - 2013) Central African Republic Judge (2013 - 2013) Cen- tral African Republic Kara (2009 - 2009) Central African Republic

331 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Lawyer Emile Bizon and other lawyers (2013 - 2013) Central African Republic Lawyers (2006 - 2006) Cen- tral African Republic Libya (2002 - 2002) Central African Republic Libyan ambassador (2000 - 2000) Central African Re- public Looter (2013 - 2013) Cen- tral African Republic Looters (2013 - 2013) Cen- tral African Republic Markounda (2005 - 2005) Central African Republic Mass transit workers (1999 - 1999) Central African Re- public Mbarara (Chadian herders) (2012 - 2012) Central African Republic Media oﬃces (2013 - 2013) Central African Republic Mob (2013 - 2013) Central African Republic Mob of young men (2013 - 2013) Central African Re- public Mosque (2013 - 2013) Cen- tral African Republic Municipal workers (2001 - 2001) Central African Re- public Muslim-owned shops (2013 - 2013) Central African Re- public Muslim (2013 - 2013) Cen- tral African Republic Muslim armed ﬁghters (2013 - 2013) Central African Republic Muslim combatants (2015 - 2015) Central African Re- public

332 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Muslim herders (2013 - 2013) Central African Re- public Muslim Seleka Rebels (2015 - 2015) Central African Republic Muslims (2011 - 2015) Cen- tral African Republic National Federation of Stockbreeders (2009 - 2009) Central African Republic Newspapers (2004 - 2006) Central African Republic Nuns (2000 - 2000) Central African Republic Opponents of referendum (2015 - 2015) Central African Republic Opposition parties (2002 - 2002) Central African Re- public Opposition supporters (2005 - 2005) Central African Republic Peacekeepers (2013 - 2013) Central African Republic Peul herders (2015 - 2015) Central African Republic Political supporters (1998 - 1998) Central African Re- public Private sector workers (1991 - 1991) Central African Republic Professors (2003 - 2003) Central African Republic Protestant Youth Center (2013 - 2013) Central African Republic Public transport workers (2006 - 2006) Central African Republic Radio Station (2015 - 2015) Central African Republic Red Cross (2010 - 2010) Central African Republic

333 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Refugee Camp (2015 - 2015) Central African Re- public Residents (2013 - 2013) Central African Republic Rival tribes (2002 - 2002) Central African Republic Road Haulage Drivers (2013 - 2013) Central African Republic Roman Catholic priests (2009 - 2009) Central African Republic Rungas (2009 - 2009) Cen- tral African Republic Rwandan UN peacekeeper (2015 - 2015) Central African Republic Saint-Jacques Church (2013 - 2013) Central African Republic Schools (1991 - 1991) Cen- tral African Republic Sectarian Violence (2014 - 2014) Central African Re- public Seleka (2012 - 2012) Cen- tral African Republic Seleka Demonstrators (2014 - 2014) Central African Republic Seleka ﬁghters (2013 - 2013) Central African Re- public Seleka Muslim Rebels (2014 - 2014) Central African Republic Seleka Rebels (2013 - 2013) Central African Republic Seleka rebels (2015 - 2015) Central African Republic Seleka supporters (2013 - 2013) Central African Re- public Soldiers (1993 - 2013) Cen- tral African Republic

334 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Staﬀ of Central African Customs and Economic Union (1993 - 1993) Cen- tral African Republic Street vendors (2007 - 2007) Central African Re- public Students (1991 - 2004) Central African Republic Sudan (2006 - 2006) Cen- tral African Republic Sudan People’s Liberation Army (1998 - 2004) Central African Republic Sudanese raiders (2002 - 2002) Central African Re- public Sudanese refugees (1998 - 1998) Central African Re- public Supporters of Andre Kol- ingba (1999 - 1999) Central African Republic Supporters of referendum (2015 - 2015) Central African Republic Suspected Christian militant (2013 - 2013) Central African Republic Suspected Christian militants (2013 - 2013) Central African Republic Suspected ex-rebels (2013 - 2013) Central African Re- public Suspected military members (2013 - 2013) Central African Republic Suspected Seleka ﬁghter (2013 - 2013) Central African Republic Taxi and bus drivers (2001 - 2001) Central African Re- public Taxi and Bus Drivers (2012 - 2012) Central African Re- public

335 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Teachers (1990 - 2010) Central African Republic Temporary teachers (2006 - 2006) Central African Re- public Trade federations (1991 - 1991) Central African Re- public Trade unionists (1991 - 2000) Central African Re- public Traders (2009 - 2009) Cen- tral African Republic Triangle aid group (2009 - 2009) Central African Re- public Ugandan Military (2012 - 2012) Central African Re- public Ugandan soldiers (2010 - 2010) Central African Re- public Ugandan troops (2013 - 2013) Central African Re- public UN officials (2007 - 2007) Central African Republic UN Peace Keeping Forces (2015 - 2015) Central African Republic UN Peace Keeping headquarters (2015 - 2015) Cen- tral African Republic UN Police (2015 - 2015) Central African Republic Unidentified (2005 - 2005) Central African Republic Unidentified Assailant (2014 - 2014) Central African Republic Unidentified assailants (2013 - 2013) Central African Republic Union of Central African Workers (2005 - 2005) Cen- tral African Republic

336 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Union of Forces Commit- ted to Peace (1999 - 1999) Central African Republic University staﬀ (2011 - 2011) Central African Re- public Unknown (1998 - 2007) Central African Republic Unknown Armed Attack- ers (2015 - 2015) Central African Republic Unknown gunmen (2008 - 2012) Central African Re- public Unknown Gunmen (2015 - 2015) Central African Re- public Unspeciﬁed youth organization (2013 - 2013) Cen- tral African Republic Vatican (2009 - 2009) Cen- tral African Republic Village (2015 - 2015) Cen- tral African Republic Villagers (2001 - 2013) Central African Republic Villages (2015 - 2015) Cen- tral African Republic World Bank (1991 - 1991) Central African Republic Worshippers (2001 - 2001) Central African Republic Yakoma gunmen (1999 - 1999) Central African Re- public Young men (2013 - 2013) Central African Republic Young Muslim (2012 - 2012) Central African Re- public Youths (1991 - 2011) Cen- tral African Republic Zaraguinas (2001 - 2001) Central African Republic

337 Actor Dictionaries xSub 5.7 Cte dIvoire

Government Challenger Civilian Other Alliance of Young Patriots Female protesters (2011 - Citizens (1991 - 2010) Cote Abidji (2011 - 2011) Cote (2002 - 2002) Cote d’Ivoire 2011) Cote d’Ivoire d’Ivoire d’Ivoire Army (2011 - 2015) Cote Followers of Alphonse Soro Civilians (1994 - 2014) Air Afrique (2001 - 2001) d’Ivoire (2013 - 2013) Cote d’Ivoire Cote d’Ivoire Cote d’Ivoire Army base (2012 - 2012) Former Ivory Coast Rebels Air Afrique employees Cote d’Ivoire (2014 - 2014) Cote d’Ivoire (2002 - 2002) Cote d’Ivoire Army checkpoint (2012 - FPI headquarters (2012 - Air traffic controllers (1996 2012) Cote d’Ivoire 2012) Cote d’Ivoire - 1996) Cote d’Ivoire Army checkpoints (2012 - Ivorian Popular Front Air traffic workers (2001 - 2012) Cote d’Ivoire (FPI) (2012 - 2012) Cote 2001) Cote d’Ivoire d’Ivoire Campus police (2014 - Junta leader (2000 - 2000) Alleged kidnappers (2008 - 2014) Cote d’Ivoire Cote d’Ivoire 2008) Cote d’Ivoire Civil servants (2011 - 2011) MJP (2002 - 2002) Cote Armed bandits (2013 - Cote d’Ivoire d’Ivoire 2013) Cote d’Ivoire Clerks (2009 - 2009) Cote New Forces (2011 - 2011) Armed gang (2004 - 2013) d’Ivoire Cote d’Ivoire Cote d’Ivoire Commission chief Fidele Rebel soldiers (2002 - 2002) Armed men (2001 - 2001) Sarassoro (2013 - 2013) Cote d’Ivoire Cote d’Ivoire Cote d’Ivoire Customs and prison offi- Rebels (2005 - 2005) Cote Armed youths (2011 - cials (2002 - 2002) Cote d’Ivoire 2011) Cote d’Ivoire d’Ivoire FESCI (student union) ASEC Mimosa supporters (1997 - 2001) Cote d’Ivoire (2001 - 2001) Cote d’Ivoire Gbagbo forces (2011 - Awa Fadiga (2014 - 2014) 2011) Cote d’Ivoire Cote d’Ivoire Gbago government (2010 - Baoule (2011 - 2011) Cote 2010) Cote d’Ivoire d’Ivoire Gendarmes (2013 - 2013) Bete (2004 - 2011) Cote Cote d’Ivoire d’Ivoire Government (1990 - 2015) Black clad assailants (2003 Cote d’Ivoire - 2003) Cote d’Ivoire Higher Education Minister Burkinabe (1999 - 2000) Cisse Ibrahima Bacongo Cote d’Ivoire (2013 - 2013) Cote d’Ivoire Incumbent supporters Burkinabe farmers (2004 - (2001 - 2001) Cote d’Ivoire 2004) Cote d’Ivoire Ivorian Popular Front Burkinabes (2001 - 2006) (1995 - 2013) Cote d’Ivoire Cote d’Ivoire Ivorian Popular Front sup- Bus drivers (2005 - 2005) porters (2000 - 2000) Cote Cote d’Ivoire d’Ivoire

338 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Ivory Coast Democratic Cocoa farmers (2006 - Party (2011 - 2011) Cote 2006) Cote d’Ivoire d’Ivoire Ivory Coast Soldiers (2014 Cocoa producers (2001 - - 2014) Cote d’Ivoire 2001) Cote d’Ivoire Military (1999 - 2005) Cote Cocoa unions (2004 - 2004) d’Ivoire Cote d’Ivoire Military barracks (2006 - Congolese government 2006) Cote d’Ivoire (2004 - 2004) Cote d’Ivoire Military camp (2003 - Congolese students (2004 - 2003) Cote d’Ivoire 2004) Cote d’Ivoire Military forces (2011 - Cote d’Ivoire Telecom 2011) Cote d’Ivoire (1998 - 1998) Cote d’Ivoire Opposition parties (1995 - Crowd (2013 - 2013) Cote 1995) Cote d’Ivoire d’Ivoire Ouattara supporters (2000 Dioula citizens (2005 - - 2012) Cote d’Ivoire 2005) Cote d’Ivoire Police (1990 - 2013) Cote Dock workers (1996 - 2001) d’Ivoire Cote d’Ivoire Police barracks (2012 - Doctors (2009 - 2009) Cote 2012) Cote d’Ivoire d’Ivoire Police stations (2012 - Ex-rebels (2003 - 2003) 2012) Cote d’Ivoire Cote d’Ivoire President (2015 - 2015) Families of crash victims Cote d’Ivoire (2002 - 2002) Cote d’Ivoire Presidential supporters Firefighters (1990 - 1990) (1990 - 2006) Cote d’Ivoire Cote d’Ivoire Prime Minister (2007 - Football team bus (2013 - 2014) Cote d’Ivoire 2013) Cote d’Ivoire Prison guards (2004 - 2004) Forest guards (2005 - 2005) Cote d’Ivoire Cote d’Ivoire Pro-Gbagbo fighters (2011 Former Ivorian soldiers - 2011) Cote d’Ivoire (2002 - 2002) Cote d’Ivoire pro-Gbagbo fighters (2012 Former president support- - 2012) Cote d’Ivoire ers (2007 - 2007) Cote d’Ivoire Pro-Gbagbo militia (2013 - Former rebels (2007 - 2008) 2013) Cote d’Ivoire Cote d’Ivoire Pro-Gbagbo mob (2011 - French government (2000 - 2011) Cote d’Ivoire 2004) Cote d’Ivoire pro-Gbagbo newspapers French nationals (2003 - (2012 - 2012) Cote d’Ivoire 2003) Cote d’Ivoire Pro-Gbagbo refugees (2011 French Prime Minister - 2011) Cote d’Ivoire (2003 - 2003) Cote d’Ivoire Rally for Republicans French tanker (2013 - 2013) (2004 - 2004) Cote d’Ivoire Cote d’Ivoire

339 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Rally of Houphouetists French troops (2005 - 2005) for Democracy and Peace Cote d’Ivoire (2010 - 2010) Cote d’Ivoire Rally of Republicans (1995 Gabonese government - 2001) Cote d’Ivoire (2000 - 2000) Cote d’Ivoire Republican Alliance sup- Gabonese students (2000 - porters (2000 - 2000) Cote 2000) Cote d’Ivoire d’Ivoire Republican Forces militia- Gay Rights Organization men (2011 - 2011) Cote (2014 - 2014) Cote d’Ivoire d’Ivoire Republican Forces of Ivory Ghanian ﬁshermen (1998 - Coast (2012 - 2012) Cote 1998) Cote d’Ivoire d’Ivoire Republican Front women Ghanians (1993 - 1993) (1995 - 1995) Cote d’Ivoire Cote d’Ivoire Ruling party supporters Greek oil tanker (2012 - (2010 - 2010) Cote d’Ivoire 2012) Cote d’Ivoire Security forces (2005 - Guere youths (2012 - 2012) 2011) Cote d’Ivoire Cote d’Ivoire Gunmen (2004 - 2013) Cote d’Ivoire Handicapped Ivorians (2002 - 2002) Cote d’Ivoire Health workers (1993 - 2002) Cote d’Ivoire High school students (1999 - 1999) Cote d’Ivoire Human rights league (2007 - 2007) Cote d’Ivoire Immigrants (2001 - 2001) Cote d’Ivoire International Criminal Court (2013 - 2013) Cote d’Ivoire Ivorian citizens (2002 - 2002) Cote d’Ivoire Ivorian ﬁshermen (1998 - 1998) Cote d’Ivoire Ivorian Muslims (2002 - 2002) Cote d’Ivoire Ivorian women (2000 - 2004) Cote d’Ivoire Ivorian youths (2002 - 2005) Cote d’Ivoire

340 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Ivorians (1999 - 2005) Cote d’Ivoire Journalists (2000 - 2000) Cote d’Ivoire Judges (2002 - 2002) Cote d’Ivoire Koulango (2008 - 2008) Cote d’Ivoire Lawyers (2008 - 2008) Cote d’Ivoire Lebanese nationals (2009 - 2009) Cote d’Ivoire Lecturers (1998 - 1998) Cote d’Ivoire Liberian bandits (1994 - 1994) Cote d’Ivoire Lobis (2008 - 2008) Cote d’Ivoire Malian ﬁshermen (2001 - 2001) Cote d’Ivoire Malinke (2011 - 2011) Cote d’Ivoire Malinke youths (2012 - 2012) Cote d’Ivoire Medical students (1995 - 1995) Cote d’Ivoire Medical workers (1990 - 1990) Cote d’Ivoire Mob (2010 - 2010) Cote d’Ivoire Mutinous soldiers (1990 - 2001) Cote d’Ivoire Newspaper workers (2003 - 2003) Cote d’Ivoire Niger government (1998 - 1998) Cote d’Ivoire Niger students (1998 - 1998) Cote d’Ivoire Nigeria (2010 - 2010) Cote d’Ivoire Oil tanker (2013 - 2013) Cote d’Ivoire Opponents of former ﬁrst lady Simone Gbagbo (2015 - 2015) Cote d’Ivoire

341 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Opposition (2015 - 2015) Cote d’Ivoire Opposition leader (1995 - 2001) Cote d’Ivoire Opposition supporteer (2000 - 2000) Cote d’Ivoire Opposition supporters (1990 - 2010) Cote d’Ivoire Other crowd members (2013 - 2013) Cote d’Ivoire Petroleum workers (2003 - 2003) Cote d’Ivoire Pirates (2012 - 2013) Cote d’Ivoire Political opposition (1998 - 1998) Cote d’Ivoire Power plant (2012 - 2012) Cote d’Ivoire Prisoners (2004 - 2014) Cote d’Ivoire Public transport workers (2002 - 2008) Cote d’Ivoire Rival faction of FESCI (2001 - 2001) Cote d’Ivoire Rival football club supporters (2001 - 2001) Cote d’Ivoire Secondary school teachers (1997 - 1997) Cote d’Ivoire Senegalese government (2001 - 2001) Cote d’Ivoire Soldiers (1999 - 2013) Cote d’Ivoire Street Peddlers (2012 - 2012) Cote d’Ivoire Street sweepers (2010 - 2010) Cote d’Ivoire Students (1990 - 2014) Cote d’Ivoire Supporters of former ﬁrst lady Simone Gbagbo (2015 - 2015) Cote d’Ivoire Suspected soldiers (2010 - 2010) Cote d’Ivoire Taxi drivers (1990 - 1998) Cote d’Ivoire

342 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Teachers (1992 - 2015) Cote d’Ivoire Telephone workers (1998 - 1998) Cote d’Ivoire The Hungry Consumers (2002 - 2002) Cote d’Ivoire Toxic waste victims (2007 - 2007) Cote d’Ivoire Traders (2002 - 2002) Cote d’Ivoire Transgendered prostitutes (2012 - 2012) Cote d’Ivoire Truck drivers (1997 - 1997) Cote d’Ivoire UN employees (2011 - 2011) Cote d’Ivoire UN officials (2006 - 2010) Cote d’Ivoire UN Peacekeepers (2004 - 2012) Cote d’Ivoire UN peacekeepers (2006 - 2010) Cote d’Ivoire Unidentified Assailants (2014 - 2014) Cote d’Ivoire Unidentified Demonstra- tors (2014 - 2014) Cote d’Ivoire United Nations (2004 - 2006) Cote d’Ivoire University lecturers (1991 - 1991) Cote d’Ivoire Unknown (2011 - 2011) Cote d’Ivoire Unknown attackers (2006 - 2015) Cote d’Ivoire Village (2013 - 2013) Cote d’Ivoire Villagers (2013 - 2014) Cote d’Ivoire Warlord (2011 - 2011) Cote d’Ivoire Women (2011 - 2011) Cote d’Ivoire Workers’ union Syntep-CI (2003 - 2003) Cote d’Ivoire

343 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Young Patriots (2003 - 2011) Cote d’Ivoire Youth gangs (2011 - 2011) Cote d’Ivoire Youths (2002 - 2006) Cote d’Ivoire

5.8 Cameroon

Government Challenger Civilian Other Army (1994 - 1994) Africa Marine Commando citizens (2007 - 2007) Agency for Aerial Secu- Cameroon (2010 - 2011) Cameroon Cameroon rity and Navigation (1994 - 1994) Cameroon Army Base (2014 - 2014) Bakassi Freedom Fighters Citizens (2011 - 2012) Air Cameroon pilots (1999 Cameroon (2009 - 2009) Cameroon Cameroon - 1999) Cameroon Cameroon People’s Demo- Bakassi insurgents (2007 - Civilian Hostages (2014 - airport workers (1994 - cratic Movement (2002 - 2008) Cameroon 2014) Cameroon 1998) Cameroon 2002) Cameroon Cameroonian Air Force Boko Haram (2013 - 2015) Civilian trawler (2008 - anti-homosexual protesters (2014 - 2014) Cameroon Cameroon 2009) Cameroon (2006 - 2006) Cameroon Cameroonian army (2007 - Boko Haram Base (2014 - Civilians (1997 - 2015) Armed attackers (2010 - 2008) Cameroon 2014) Cameroon Cameroon 2010) Cameroon Cameroonian border Cameroonian People’s Lib- civilians (2003 - 2003) Armed gangs (1997 - 1997) policeman (2013 - 2013) eration Army (2011 - 2011) Cameroon Cameroon Cameroon Cameroon Cameroonian Police (2014 CAR Militant Group (2014 Denis Nkwebo (2014 - Armed militia from Cen- - 2014) Cameroon - 2014) Cameroon 2014) Cameroon tral African Republic (2015 - 2015) Cameroon Cameroonian Soldiers Coalition for National Gay Citizens (2012 - 2012) Arsonists (2013 - 2013) (2014 - 2014) Cameroon Reconciliation and Recon- Cameroon Cameroon struction (2004 - 2004) Cameroon Cameroonian troops (2013 Fru Ndi supporters (1992 - Gay citizens (2013 - 2013) Association of Cameroo- - 2013) Cameroon 1992) Cameroon Cameroon nian Youth (2013 - 2013) Cameroon Camp of Cameroon’s Mboua Massock (2009 - Hostages (2014 - 2014) Attackers (2013 - 2013) Rapid Intervention Bat- 2009) Cameroon Cameroon Cameroon talion (2015 - 2015) Cameroon central government (1990 - opposition militants (1992 Nigerian Civilians (2014 - attackers of Chinese 2008) Cameroon - 1992) Cameroon 2014) Cameroon shopkeeper (2005 - 2005) Cameroon Chadian army contingent opposition supporters Babanki tribe (1996 - 1996) (2015 - 2015) Cameroon (1990 - 2004) Cameroon Cameroon civil servants (2007 - 2007) protesters (2001 - 2015) Bafanji tribe (1995 - 1995) Cameroon Cameroon Cameroon

344 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government (2009 - 2015) Rebels (1994 - 2011) Bali tribe (1995 - 1995) Cameroon Cameroon Cameroon House of the local chief SCNC members (2006 - Bambili tribe (1996 - 1996) (2015 - 2015) Cameroon 2006) Cameroon Cameroon Mamfe police (2005 - 2005) Seleka rebels (2013 - 2013) Bambuis tribe (1996 - Cameroon Cameroon 1996) Cameroon members of Allied Front Southern Cameroon Na- Bamoun tribe (2006 - 2006) for Change (1995 - 1995) tional Council (2000 - Cameroon Cameroon 2005) Cameroon members of Social Demo- Southern Cameroons Bandits (2009 - 2009) cratic Front (1996 - 1996) National Council (2011 - Cameroon Cameroon 2011) Cameroon Military base (2015 - 2015) Unknown rebels (2009 - Bank (2011 - 2011) Cameroon 2009) Cameroon Cameroon police (2003 - 2006) Bar (2015 - 2015) Cameroon Cameroon Police (2009 - 2015) Baya farmers (1991 - 1991) Cameroon Cameroon Police Post (2014 - 2014) BIR Delta (2010 - 2010) Cameroon Cameroon President Paul Biya (2012 Border Crossing (2014 - - 2012) Cameroon 2014) Cameroon prime minister (1994 - Boyo residents (2007 - 1994) Cameroon 2007) Cameroon pro-government groups Bus (2015 - 2015) (1997 - 1997) Cameroon Cameroon pro-government supporters Camair (2005 - 2006) (1997 - 1997) Cameroon Cameroon provincial governor (1991 - Camair employees (2005 - 1991) Cameroon 2006) Cameroon Public Sector Union Con- Cameroonian Youth Rally federation (2010 - 2010) (2012 - 2012) Cameroon Cameroon SDF elected to parliament CentAfrican bandits (2007 (2002 - 2002) Cameroon - 2007) Cameroon security forces (1994 - Central African Repub- 1994) Cameroon lic ﬁghters (2013 - 2013) Cameroon Social Democratic Front Chinese nationals (2010 - (1991 - 2008) Cameroon 2010) Cameroon Social Democratic Front Chinese Nationals (2014 - faction (2006 - 2006) 2014) Cameroon Cameroon Troops (2015 - 2015) Chinese residents (2005 - Cameroon 2005) Cameroon

345 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Choa (1992 - 1994) Cameroon Criminal gang (2011 - 2011) Cameroon cutters of the road (1994 - 1994) Cameroon Doba Logistics (2002 - 2002) Cameroon English-speaking separatists (1997 - 1997) Cameroon Fishermen (2010 - 2010) Cameroon Foreign ﬁshermen (2009 - 2009) Cameroon Foreign oil workers (2009 - 2009) Cameroon Foulbe (1991 - 1991) Cameroon French citizens (2013 - 2013) Cameroon French oil workers (2008 - 2008) Cameroon French President Jacques Chirac (2001 - 2001) Cameroon French priest (2013 - 2013) Cameroon French supporters (2001 - 2001) Cameroon Fungies tribe (1996 - 1996) Cameroon gas tanker truck drivers (2001 - 2001) Cameroon Gay rights activist (2013 - 2013) Cameroon health care workers (2007 - 2007) Cameroon HIV charity (2013 - 2013) Cameroon homosexuals (2006 - 2006) Cameroon Islamic school (2015 - 2015) Cameroon Italian Priests (2014 - 2014) Cameroon

346 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other journalists (1991 - 1991) Cameroon Journalists (2009 - 2010) Cameroon Kotoko (1992 - 1994) Cameroon Kotoko tribe (2005 - 2005) Cameroon Le Messager (2009 - 2009) Cameroon Market (2015 - 2015) Cameroon Mob (2013 - 2013) Cameroon Mosque (2015 - 2015) Cameroon Musgum tribe (2005 - 2005) Cameroon Niger Delta Defense (2008 - 2008) Cameroon Nigerian Bandits (2004 - 2004) Cameroon nursery and primary school teachers (1996 - 1996) Cameroon oil pipeline workers (2002 - 2002) Cameroon Oil workers (2010 - 2010) Cameroon Oku residents (2007 - 2007) Cameroon Patriotic and People’s Youth Council (2008 - 2008) Cameroon Pirates (2008 - 2013) Cameroon presidential candidate supporters (1992 - 1992) Cameroon presidential candidates (1992 - 1992) Cameroon prisoners (2002 - 2002) Cameroon Prisoners (2010 - 2010) Cameroon

347 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Private boat (2009 - 2009) Cameroon railroad workers (1999 - 1999) Cameroon Restaurant (2015 - 2015) Cameroon road transporters (2008 - 2008) Cameroon Sailors (2013 - 2013) Cameroon shanty town residents (2005 - 2005) Cameroon Shop (2015 - 2015) Cameroon soccer fans (1998 - 1998) Cameroon soldiers (1992 - 1992) Cameroon Soldiers (2010 - 2010) Cameroon Soldiers who served in the UN mission in CAR (2015 - 2015) Cameroon street vendors (1991 - 1991) Cameroon students (1991 - 2005) Cameroon Suicide bomber (2015 - 2015) Cameroon Suicide bombers (2015 - 2015) Cameroon taxi drivers (2004 - 2004) Cameroon teachers (1993 - 2000) Cameroon Teenage Children (2014 - 2014) Cameroon Tidjanite (2000 - 2000) Cameroon traders (2004 - 2004) Cameroon Traditional Royalty (2012 - 2012) Cameroon Transgendered women (2013 - 2013) Cameroon

348 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Truck drivers (1999 - 1999) Cameroon Unidentiﬁed Assailant (2014 - 2014) Cameroon Unidentiﬁed Gunmen (2014 - 2014) Cameroon unknown (1993 - 1993) Cameroon Unknown gunmen (2011 - 2011) Cameroon Village (2015 - 2015) Cameroon Villagers (2004 - 2015) Cameroon Wardens (2010 - 2010) Cameroon Welding shop (2015 - 2015) Cameroon white expatriates (1998 - 1998) Cameroon Wohabite (2000 - 2000) Cameroon

5.9 Congo - Kinshasa

Government Challenger Civilian Other Army (2010 - 2015) Demo- ADF-Nalu Rebels (2014 - Citizens (2010 - 2010) Accused spy (1994 - 1994) cratic Republic of the 2014) Democratic Republic Democratic Republic of the Democratic Republic of the Congo of the Congo Congo Congo Army units (1995 - 1995) ADF-NALU Rebels (2014 - Civilian mob (2003 - 2003) Adja ﬁghters (2004 - 2004) Democratic Republic of the 2014) Democratic Republic Democratic Republic of the Democratic Republic of the Congo of the Congo Congo Congo Central Government (2015 ADF (2015 - 2015) Demo- Civilian Pygmies (2014 - Aid convoy (1995 - 1995) - 2015) Democratic Repub- cratic Republic of the 2014) Democratic Republic Democratic Republic of the lic of the Congo Congo of the Congo Congo Civil servants (2001 - 2007) Alliance for a Free and Civilians (1992 - 2015) Aid workers (1994 - 2011) Democratic Republic of the Sovereign Congo (2014 - Democratic Republic of the Democratic Republic of the Congo 2014) Democratic Republic Congo Congo of the Congo Colonel Mamadou Ndala Allied Democratic Forces Congolese Civilians (2012 - Anvil Mining (2006 - 2006) (2014 - 2014) Democratic (2010 - 2010) Democratic 2012) Democratic Republic Democratic Republic of the Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo of the Congo Congo

349 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Congo Liberation Move- Allied Democratic Forces Ethnic Bafuliru Civilians Armed Attackers (2015 - ment (2006 - 2006) and National Army (2014 - 2014) Democratic 2015) Democratic Republic Democratic Republic of for the Liberation of Republic of the Congo of the Congo the Congo Uganda (ADF-NALU) (2015 - 2015) Democratic Republic of the Congo Congo Liberation Move- Allied Democratic Forces/- Armed bandits (2011 - ment supporters (2006 - National Army for the Lib- 2011) Democratic Republic 2006) Democratic Republic eration of Uganda (2005 - of the Congo of the Congo 2005) Democratic Republic of the Congo Congolese Liberation Army deserters (2006 - Armed gang (2004 - 2011) Movement (2002 - 2003) 2006) Democratic Republic Democratic Republic of the Democratic Republic of of the Congo Congo the Congo Congolese Rally for Bakata-Katanga Rebels Armed group (2004 - 2005) Democracy Liberation (2014 - 2014) Democratic Democratic Republic of the Movement (2003 - 2003) Republic of the Congo Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo DRC army (2004 - 2009) Bakata Katanga Militia Armed gunmen (2011 - Democratic Republic of the (2014 - 2014) Democratic 2011) Democratic Republic Congo Republic of the Congo of the Congo DRC military (2003 - 2011) Bakungu Guards (2012 - Armed men (1991 - 2011) Democratic Republic of the 2012) Democratic Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo of the Congo Congo DRC Military (2014 Banyamulenge (Tutsi Authorities (2015 - 2015) - 2014) Democratic militia) (1996 - 1996) Democratic Republic of the Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of Congo the Congo Government (1990 - 2015) BDK (2007 - 2007) Demo- Autonomous Union of Democratic Republic of the cratic Republic of the Magistrates (SYNAMAC) Congo Congo (2003 - 2003) Democratic Republic of the Congo Government (Alliance of Bundu dia Kongo (2008 - Banayrwanda (1995 - 1995) Democratic Forces for the 2008) Democratic Republic Democratic Republic of the Liberation of Congo-Zaire) of the Congo Congo (1997 - 1997) Democratic Republic of the Congo Government employees Church led protesters Bantu Villages (2015 - (1990 - 1990) Democratic (1992 - 1992) Democratic 2015) Democratic Republic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo of the Congo Government organized CNDP (2006 - 2008) Banyamulenge (2002 protesters (2001 - 2001) Democratic Republic of - 2002) Democratic Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo the Congo

350 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government Troops (2012 - Congolese Rally for Barundi Assailants (2014 - 2012) Democratic Republic Democracy (2001 - 2003) 2014) Democratic Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of of the Congo the Congo Government workers (1991 Congolese Rally for Belgium (2008 - 2008) - 1991) Democratic Repub- Democracy (RCD) (2002 - Democratic Republic of the lic of the Congo 2003) Democratic Republic Congo of the Congo Jean Pierre Bemba militia Congolese Revolutionary Bena Muembia village (2006 - 2006) Democratic Movement (2006 - 2006) (2007 - 2007) Democratic Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of Republic of the Congo the Congo Jean Pierre Bemba sup- Coup plotters (2001 - 2001) Bena Nishimba village porters (2006 - 2008) Democratic Republic of the (2007 - 2007) Democratic Democratic Republic of Congo Republic of the Congo the Congo Joseph Kabila loyalists Democratic Forces for Beni Residents (2015 - (2006 - 2006) Democratic the Liberation of Rwanda 2015) Democratic Republic Republic of the Congo (2006 - 2012) Democratic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Joseph Kabila supporters Democratic Forces for Bira (2004 - 2004) Demo- (2006 - 2006) Democratic the Liberation of Rwanda cratic Republic of the Republic of the Congo (FDLR) (2012 - 2015) Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo Local police (2006 - 2009) Democratic Liberation Burundi (1996 - 1996) Democratic Republic of the Forces of Rwanda (2004 - Democratic Republic of the Congo 2005) Democratic Republic Congo of the Congo Magistrates (2014 - 2014) Demonstrators (2014 - Catholic bishop (1991 - Democratic Republic of the 2014) Democratic Republic 1991) Democratic Republic Congo of the Congo of the Congo Military (1993 - 2012) FDLR (2009 - 2015) Catholic students (2008 - Democratic Republic of the Democratic Republic of 2008) Democratic Republic Congo the Congo of the Congo Military police (2005 - Federal Republican Forces Central Federation of 2005) Democratic Republic (2009 - 2009) Democratic Public Service Employees of the Congo Republic of the Congo (1995 - 1995) Democratic Republic of the Congo Minister of Land (2006 - Gabriel Kyungu sup- Christian groups (2012 - 2006) Democratic Republic porters (2008 - 2008) 2012) Democratic Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of of the Congo the Congo Mobutu supporters (1991 - Hutu militia (2005 - 2008) City airport (2011 - 2011) 1991) Democratic Republic Democratic Republic of the Democratic Republic of the of the Congo Congo Congo

351 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Movement for the Libera- Hutu militias (1994 - 1994) Congolese Rangers (2012 - tion of Congo (2006 - 2006) Democratic Republic of the 2012) Democratic Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo of the Congo Congo National Intelligence Hutu rebels (1996 - 2010) Denis Mukwege (2012 - Agency (2015 - 2015) Democratic Republic of the 2012) Democratic Republic Democratic Republic of Congo of the Congo the Congo National Intelligence and Interahamwe (Hutu Dissident soldiers (2004 - Protection Service (1997 - militia) (2000 - 2000) 2004) Democratic Republic 1997) Democratic Republic Democratic Republic of of the Congo of the Congo the Congo Opposition Member of Interahamwe (Hutus) Doctors (1991 - 1991) Parliament (2011 - 2011) (2002 - 2006) Democratic Democratic Republic of Democratic Republic of Republic of the Congo the Congo the Congo Opposition parties (1993 - Lord’s Resistance Army Election Fraud (2012 - 1997) Democratic Republic (2006 - 2012) Democratic 2012) Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo of the Congo Opposition parties sup- M23 (2012 - 2012) Demo- Election workers (2006 - porters (2015 - 2015) cratic Republic of the 2006) Democratic Republic Democratic Republic of Congo of the Congo the Congo Opposition party (2010 - M23 Rebels (2014 - 2014) Emmanuel de Merode 2010) Democratic Republic Democratic Republic of the (2014 - 2014) Democratic of the Congo Congo Republic of the Congo Opposition political parties Mai-Mai militia (2010 - Enyele tribe (also called (2005 - 2005) Democratic 2010) Democratic Republic Lobala) (2009 - 2009) Republic of the Congo of the Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo Oscar Kashala supporters Mai Mai (1998 - 2012) Ethnic factions (2003 - (2006 - 2006) Democratic Democratic Republic of the 2003) Democratic Republic Republic of the Congo Congo of the Congo Party for Reconstruction Mai Mai (Pareco) (2009 - ex-Mai Mai militia (2005 - and Democracy supporters 2009) Democratic Republic 2005) Democratic Republic (2011 - 2011) Democratic of the Congo of the Congo Republic of the Congo People’s Armed Forces Mai Mai militia (2002 - Former Zairean army of Congo (2004 - 2004) 2011) Democratic Republic soldiers (1997 - 1997) Democratic Republic of of the Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo the Congo People’s Party for Recon- Mai Mai Sheka (2014 - France (1997 - 1998) struction and Democracy 2014) Democratic Republic Democratic Republic of (2005 - 2005) Democratic of the Congo the Congo Republic of the Congo

352 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Police (2003 - 2012) Mai Mai Yakutumba Francophone Summit Democratic Republic of militia (2011 - 2011) (2012 - 2012) Democratic the Congo Democratic Republic of Republic of the Congo the Congo Popular Armed Force March 23 Movement (2012 Gang (2015 - 2015) Demo- (2005 - 2005) Democratic - 2012) Democratic Repub- cratic Republic of the Republic of the Congo lic of the Congo Congo President Joseph Kabila Milita (2012 - 2012) Georges Kasongo (2015 - (2001 - 2014) Democratic Democratic Republic of 2015) Democratic Republic Republic of the Congo the Congo of the Congo President Laurent Kabila Military forces of Etienne Goma Airport Depots (2001 - 2001) Democratic Bindu (2005 - 2005) (2015 - 2015) Democratic Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of Republic of the Congo the Congo Presidential Guard (2004 - Militia (2012 - 2012) Gunmen (2002 - 2011) 2011) Democratic Republic Democratic Republic of Democratic Republic of the of the Congo the Congo Congo Prison Guards (2009 - Militia forces (2005 - 2005) Health workers (2005 - 2014) Democratic Republic Democratic Republic of the 2005) Democratic Republic of the Congo Congo of the Congo Pro-government militants Militia forces of Cobra Hema (1999 - 2005) Demo- (1991 - 1991) Democratic Matata (2006 - 2006) cratic Republic of the Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of Congo the Congo Provincial governor (2009 - MLC (1996 - 1996) Demo- Hema militia (2002 - 2002) 2009) Democratic Republic cratic Republic of the Democratic Republic of the of the Congo Congo Congo Security forces (2011 - Mobutu militia (2004 - Hemas (2003 - 2003) 2011) Democratic Republic 2004) Democratic Republic Democratic Republic of of the Congo of the Congo the Congo Speaker of Parliament Mudundu 40 (2003 - 2003) Hotel staﬀ (1997 - 1997) (2004 - 2004) Democratic Democratic Republic of the Democratic Republic of the Republic of the Congo Congo Congo Special Presidential Guard Mutinous rebels (2002 - Human Rights Activists (1993 - 1993) Democratic 2002) Democratic Republic (2015 - 2015) Democratic Republic of the Congo of the Congo Republic of the Congo Supporters of Etienne National Congress for the Hunde tribesmen (1995 - Tshisekedi (1991 - 1997) Defence of the People 1995) Democratic Republic Democratic Republic of (2009 - 2009) Democratic of the Congo the Congo Republic of the Congo Supporters of the Union Nationalist and Integra- Hutu mobs (1996 - 1996) for Democracy and So- tionist Front (2003 - 2007) Democratic Republic of the cial Progress (1991 - 2004) Democratic Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo Congo

353 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Supporters of Union for Nationalist Integrationist Hutu protesters (1997 - Democracy and Social Front (2004 - 2004) Demo- 1997) Democratic Republic Progress (2005 - 2006) cratic Republic of the of the Congo Democratic Republic of Congo the Congo Union for Democracy and Party for the Unity and Hutu refugees (1996 - 1996) Social Progress (1990 - Safeguard of the Integrity Democratic Republic of the 2011) Democratic Republic of Congo (PUSIC) (2003 - Congo of the Congo 2003) Democratic Republic of the Congo Union for Democracy and Party to Protect Congo’s Hutu student (1997 - 1997) Social Progress (UDPS) Integrity (2003 - 2003) Democratic Republic of the (2012 - 2012) Democratic Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Congo Union for Democracy and Patriotic Resistance Forces Hutus (1993 - 2006) Social Progress supporters of Ituri (2008 - 2008) Democratic Republic of (2011 - 2011) Democratic Democratic Republic of the the Congo Republic of the Congo Congo Union of Democracy and Protesters (1990 - 2012) Illegal miners (2006 - 2008) Social Progress (2000 - Democratic Republic of the Democratic Republic of the 2000) Democratic Republic Congo Congo of the Congo Union of Federalists and protesters (2015 - 2015) Illegal Zambian immi- Independent Republicans Democratic Republic of the grants (1991 - 1991) party (1991 - 1991) Demo- Congo Democratic Republic of cratic Republic of the the Congo Congo Vice Presidential Guard Pygmy Militia (2015 - International Medical Corp (2006 - 2006) Democratic 2015) Democratic Republic (2010 - 2010) Democratic Republic of the Congo of the Congo Republic of the Congo Alliance of Democratic Rally for Congolese International Red Cross Forces for the Liberation of Democracy (2002 - 2002) (2001 - 2001) Democratic Congo-Zaire (1997 - 1997) Democratic Republic of Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo the Congo RCD-ML (2002 - 2002) Ituri Patriotic Resistance Democratic Republic of the Force (2006 - 2006) Demo- Congo cratic Republic of the Congo RCD-National (2002 Journalists (1997 - 2007) - 2002) Democratic Democratic Republic of the Republic of the Congo Congo RCD/ML-Kisangani (2002 Kasais/Baluba (1992 - - 2002) Democratic Repub- 1993) Democratic Republic lic of the Congo of the Congo

354 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Rebel forces of General Katangas (1992 - 1993) Laurent Nkunda (2004 - Democratic Republic of the 2004) Democratic Republic Congo of the Congo Rebels (1999 - 2011) Lebanese immigrants (2001 Democratic Republic of - 2001) Democratic Repub- the Congo lic of the Congo Rwandan backed rebels Lendu (1999 - 2005) (Congolese Rally for Democratic Republic of Democracy) (2000 - 2000) the Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo Separatist militants (2011 - Lendu militia (2003 - 2005) 2011) Democratic Republic Democratic Republic of the of the Congo Congo Spinter rebels (2002 - 2002) Lendu militias (2003 - Democratic Republic of the 2003) Democratic Republic Congo of the Congo Tribual insurgents (2010 - Miners (2006 - 2006) 2010) Democratic Republic Democratic Republic of of the Congo the Congo Tshisekedi Supporters Mugunga Camp (2012 - (2012 - 2012) Democratic 2012) Democratic Republic Republic of the Congo of the Congo Tutsi militias (1995 - 1995) Munzaya tribe (also called Democratic Republic of the Bamboma or Boba) (2009 - Congo 2009) Democratic Republic of the Congo Tutsi rebels (1998 - 1998) Murderer (2007 - 2007) Democratic Republic of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Congo Unidentiﬁed militia (2005 - Murderers (2005 - 2005) 2005) Democratic Republic Democratic Republic of the of the Congo Congo Union of Congolese National Park Rangers Patriots (2003 - 2004) (2014 - 2014) Democratic Democratic Republic of Republic of the Congo the Congo Unknown militias (2006 - National Transport Oﬃce 2006) Democratic Republic (2006 - 2006) Democratic of the Congo Republic of the Congo UPC (2003 - 2003) Demo- National Union of Teachers cratic Republic of the from Resistered Catholic Congo Schools (SYNECAT) (2007 - 2007) Democratic Repub- lic of the Congo

355 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Native Zaireans (1995 - 1995) Democratic Republic of the Congo Ngiti (2004 - 2004) Demo- cratic Republic of the Congo Ngiti tribesmen (2001 - 2001) Democratic Republic of the Congo Nunu tribe (2006 - 2006) Democratic Republic of the Congo Nyanga tribe (1993 - 1993) Democratic Republic of the Congo Oil workers (2011 - 2011) Democratic Republic of the Congo ONATRA (2009 - 2009) Democratic Republic of the Congo ONATRA management (2009 - 2009) Democratic Republic of the Congo Opposition Leaders (2015 - 2015) Democratic Republic of the Congo Opposition supporters (1991 - 2011) Democratic Republic of the Congo Paratroopers (1991 - 1991) Democratic Republic of the Congo Peacekeepers (2010 - 2010) Democratic Republic of the Congo Port workers (1992 - 1992) Democratic Republic of the Congo Priests (2012 - 2012) Democratic Republic of the Congo Prisoners (2006 - 2014) Democratic Republic of the Congo

356 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Professors (1997 - 1997) Democratic Republic of the Congo Pygmies (2005 - 2005) Democratic Republic of the Congo Radio journalist (2011 - 2011) Democratic Republic of the Congo Rangers (2012 - 2012) Democratic Republic of the Congo Rasta (2005 - 2005) Demo- cratic Republic of the Congo Red Cross (1996 - 1996) Democratic Republic of the Congo Red Cross workers (2003 - 2003) Democratic Republic of the Congo Refugees (1998 - 2008) Democratic Republic of the Congo Religious groups (1997 - 1997) Democratic Republic of the Congo Residents (2015 - 2015) Democratic Republic of the Congo Rival villagers (2010 - 2010) Democratic Republic of the Congo Robber (2002 - 2002) Democratic Republic of the Congo Robert Chamwami Shalubuto (2014 - 2014) Democratic Republic of the Congo Rocky Kalume Makabuza (2012 - 2012) Democratic Republic of the Congo Rwanda (2000 - 2000) Democratic Republic of the Congo

357 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Rwandan Hutu rebels (2010 - 2010) Democratic Republic of the Congo Rwandan refugees (1994 - 1997) Democratic Republic of the Congo Sexual assault (2007 - 2007) Democratic Republic of the Congo Small shops (1996 - 1996) Democratic Republic of the Congo Soccer fans (2001 - 2005) Democratic Republic of the Congo Soccer game (2005 - 2005) Democratic Republic of the Congo Soldiers’ Wives (2012 - 2012) Democratic Republic of the Congo Soldiers (1992 - 2012) Democratic Republic of the Congo Street dwellers (2006 - 2006) Democratic Republic of the Congo Students (1996 - 2009) Democratic Republic of the Congo Sud Kivu villages (2012 - 2012) Democratic Republic of the Congo Supporters (2012 - 2012) Democratic Republic of the Congo SYNAMAC (2008 - 2008) Democratic Republic of the Congo SYNAMED (2008 - 2008) Democratic Republic of the Congo Taxi drivers (2010 - 2010) Democratic Republic of the Congo

358 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Teachers (1991 - 2008) Democratic Republic of the Congo Tende tribe (2006 - 2006) Democratic Republic of the Congo Transport workers (2006 - 2006) Democratic Republic of the Congo Tutsis (1996 - 2004) Democratic Republic of the Congo Ugandan rebels (1998 - 2012) Democratic Republic of the Congo Ugandan soldiers (2001 - 2001) Democratic Republic of the Congo UN (1997 - 1997) Demo- cratic Republic of the Congo UN employees (2007 - 2007) Democratic Republic of the Congo UN Gunships (2014 - 2014) Democratic Republic of the Congo UN mission (2002 - 2002) Democratic Republic of the Congo UN Mission in the DRC (2007 - 2007) Democratic Republic of the Congo UN observers (2003 - 2003) Democratic Republic of the Congo UN Peace Keeping Forces (2015 - 2015) Democratic Republic of the Congo UN peacekeepers (2002 - 2010) Democratic Republic of the Congo UN Peacekeepers (2012 - 2014) Democratic Republic of the Congo

359 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other UN Peacekeeping Troops (2014 - 2014) Democratic Republic of the Congo Unidentiﬁed Assailant (2014 - 2014) Democratic Republic of the Congo Uniformed men (1995 - 1995) Democratic Republic of the Congo United Nations (2004 - 2004) Democratic Republic of the Congo United States (1997 - 1997) Democratic Republic of the Congo University staﬀ (2004 - 2004) Democratic Republic of the Congo University students (1990 - 2008) Democratic Republic of the Congo Unknown (1996 - 2000) Democratic Republic of the Congo Unknown Assailants (2014 - 2014) Democratic Repub- lic of the Congo Unknown Attacker (2012 - 2012) Democratic Republic of the Congo Unknown attackers (1995 - 2006) Democratic Republic of the Congo Unknown bombers (1995 - 1995) Democratic Republic of the Congo Unknown elements (1996 - 1996) Democratic Republic of the Congo Unknown gunmen (1994 - 2006) Democratic Republic of the Congo Unknown Gunmen (2012 - 2012) Democratic Republic of the Congo

360 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unknown Militant Group (2014 - 2014) Democratic Republic of the Congo Villagers (1997 - 2014) Democratic Republic of the Congo Voter registration workers (2005 - 2006) Democratic Republic of the Congo Women (1998 - 2010) Democratic Republic of the Congo Workers and Peasants Movement (1994 - 1994) Democratic Republic of the Congo World Food Program (1995 - 1995) Democratic Repub- lic of the Congo World Wildlife Fund (2008 - 2008) Democratic Repub- lic of the Congo Youths (2006 - 2014) Democratic Republic of the Congo Zairean villages (1996 - 1996) Democratic Republic of the Congo Zaireans (1994 - 1994) Democratic Republic of the Congo Zambia (1991 - 1991) Democratic Republic of the Congo

5.10 Congo - Brazzaville

Government Challenger Civilian Other army (1992 - 1997) Repub- Cobras (1993 - 1993) Re- civilians (2003 - 2007) Re- bank and insurance work- lic of Congo public of Congo public of Congo ers (1991 - 1991) Republic of Congo Bernard Kiolelas (1992 - Cobras, Cocoyes, Ninjas, Elections commission oﬃce 1992) Republic of Congo Ntsiloulous (1997 - 1997) (2012 - 2012) Republic of Republic of Congo Congo

361 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other central government (1991 - Ninja militia members Elf-Congo (1995 - 1995) 2007) Republic of Congo (2003 - 2005) Republic of Republic of Congo Congo civil servants (1995 - 1995) Nsiloulous militia members former Cobras (1998 - Republic of Congo (2003 - 2003) Republic of 1998) Republic of Congo Congo Colonel Marcel Tsourou Ntsiloulous (2002 - 2002) former rebels (2007 - 2007) Forces (2013 - 2013) Re- Republic of Congo Republic of Congo public of Congo ﬁnance ministry (1992 - Opposition supporters former Zairian government 1992) Republic of Congo of Mathias Dzon (2012 - (1997 - 1997) Republic of 2012) Republic of Congo Congo Government (1993 - 2012) pro-Kabila supporters high school students (1992 Republic of Congo (1997 - 1997) Republic of - 1992) Republic of Congo Congo interior ministry civil ser- protesters (2008 - 2015) immigrants (2015 - 2015) vants (1991 - 1991) Repub- Republic of Congo Republic of Congo lic of Congo Milongo supporters (1992 - men (1997 - 1997) Republic 1992) Republic of Congo of Congo opposition party (1993 - Mourners at morgue, ceme- 1993) Republic of Congo tery (2012 - 2012) Republic of Congo police (2005 - 2015) Repub- mourners of former min- lic of Congo ister Jean-Pierre Thystere Tchicaya. (2008 - 2008) Republic of Congo President Nguesso (2015 - municipal workers (1998 - 2015) Republic of Congo 1998) Republic of Congo public service servants National School of Civil (1996 - 1996) Republic of Service Students (2004 - Congo 2004) Republic of Congo Republic of Congo Soldiers non-commissioned oﬃcers (2013 - 2013) Republic of (1997 - 1997) Republic of Congo Congo supporters of President oil workers (1995 - 1995) Nguesso (2015 - 2015) Republic of Congo Republic of Congo transitional government opposition supporters supporters (1992 - 1992) (1992 - 2015) Republic of Republic of Congo Congo public and private school teachers (2005 - 2005) Re- public of Congo soldiers (1992 - 1992) Re- public of Congo

362 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other students (1994 - 1994) Re- public of Congo supporters of ex-ﬁnance minister (1991 - 1991) Re- public of Congo taxi driver (1992 - 1992) Republic of Congo Trades Union Confedera- tion of Congolese Workers (1995 - 1995) Republic of Congo university graduates (1991 - 1991) Republic of Congo university students (1991 - 2000) Republic of Congo voters (2002 - 2002) Re- public of Congo

5.11 Costa Rica

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government (1995 - 2011) Costa Rican Patriotic Academy at Dundee Costa Rica Committee (2002 - 2002) Ranch administration Costa Rica (2003 - 2003) Costa Rica Local government (2000 - Death Commando (1993 - American juveniles (2003 - 2000) Costa Rica 1993) Costa Rica 2003) Costa Rica Police (1999 - 2003) Costa Protesters (2007 - 2007) Armed gang (1996 - 1996) Rica Costa Rica Costa Rica Rolando Araya (2002 - Banana workers (2000 - 2002) Costa Rica 2002) Costa Rica Supporters of Abel Chiquita (2002 - 2002) Pacheco (2002 - 2002) Costa Rica Costa Rica Supreme Court (1993 - Dock workers (1996 - 1996) 1993) Costa Rica Costa Rica Guaymi Indians (1999 - 1999) Costa Rica Gunmen (2000 - 2000) Costa Rica Mothers (2013 - 2013) Costa Rica Nicaragua (1993 - 1993) Costa Rica Nicaraguan gunmen (1993 - 1993) Costa Rica

363 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Prison (1998 - 2011) Costa Rica Prison gangs (1998 - 1998) Costa Rica Prison inmates (1998 - 2011) Costa Rica Public health workers (2011 - 2011) Costa Rica Public sector employees (2004 - 2004) Costa Rica Public sector health workers (2000 - 2000) Costa Rica Public sector workers (2000 - 2000) Costa Rica Radio show host (2001 - 2001) Costa Rica Shopping Mall (2013 - 2013) Costa Rica Slum residents (1995 - 1996) Costa Rica Squatters (1999 - 2003) Costa Rica Teachers’ Organizations Front (1995 - 1995) Costa Rica Tourists (1996 - 1996) Costa Rica Union members (2005 - 2007) Costa Rica University students (2000 - 2004) Costa Rica Unknown gunmen (2001 - 2001) Costa Rica US flagged sportfisher (2010 - 2010) Costa Rica Venezuelan flagged purse seiner boat (2010 - 2010) Costa Rica Workers (2005 - 2005) Costa Rica

5.12 Cuba

364 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other 3 Interior Ministry agents Alpha 66 - Cuban exile 7 citizens (1992 - 1992) African-based religious (1992 - 1992) Cuba paramilitary group (1994 - Cuba leaders (2000 - 2000) Cuba 1994) Cuba 30th of November Demo- Anti-Castro commandos Citizen (1990 - 1994) Cuba Aircraft (2003 - 2007) cratic Party (1999 - 1999) (1994 - 1994) Cuba Cuba Cuba Border guards (1994 - anti-Castro exile group Citizens (1990 - 1998) Angry crowds (1992 - 1992) 1994) Cuba (1992 - 1992) Cuba Cuba Cuba brigades of pro-government Anti-government protester Cuban citizens (1993 - Assailants (2005 - 2005) citizens (1992 - 1992) Cuba (2005 - 2012) Cuba 1994) Cuba Cuba Castro’s worker militia Anti-government Attempted protesters (2005 - 2005) Cuba protesters (2005 - 2011) (1999 - 1999) Cuba Cuba Communist party activists Brothers to the Rescue Belgian ambassador resi- (1998 - 1998) Cuba (1999 - 1999) Cuba dence (1994 - 1994) Cuba Communist party support- Elizardo Sanchez - lead- Blogger’s husband (2009 - ers (2000 - 2000) Cuba ing dissident (1992 - 1992) 2009) Cuba Cuba Communist sympathizer Elizardo Sanchez - op- Blogger (2009 - 2009) Cuba groups (2004 - 2004) Cuba position leader, leader of Cuban Commission on Human Rights and National Reconciliation (1992 - 1992) Cuba Communist Youth (1999 - Government opponent Boat (2003 - 2003) Cuba 1999) Cuba (2003 - 2003) Cuba Cuban authorities (2011 - Gustavo Arcos - human Copacabana, Chateau, Tri- 2011) Cuba rights activist and dissi- ton hotels and a bar (1997 dent (1990 - 1990) Cuba - 1997) Cuba Cuban border guards (1997 Gustavo Arcos (1992 - Cuban asylum-seekers - 1997) Cuba 1992) Cuba (1990 - 1990) Cuba Cuban border patrol (1993 Gustavo Arcos Bergnes - Cuban gunship (1995 - - 1993) Cuba secretary general of the 1995) Cuba Cuban Committee for Hu- man Rights (1992 - 1992) Cuba Cuban coast guard (1994 - Maria Elena Cruz Varela Cuban women (2000 - 1994) Cuba (1991 - 1991) Cuba 2000) Cuba Cuban Commission for Opponents of Fidel Castro Czechoslovak/Italian/Spanish/Swiss Human Rights and Na- (1999 - 1999) Cuba governments (1990 - 1990) tional Reconciliation (2005 Cuba - 2005) Cuba Cuban law enforcement Party for Human Rights Dissident (2011 - 2012) (2000 - 2000) Cuba (1997 - 1997) Cuba Cuba Cuban military aircraft Party for Human Rights in Dissident Cuban photogra- (1996 - 1996) Cuba Cuba (2004 - 2004) Cuba phers (1997 - 1997) Cuba

365 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Cuban security forces Political dissident (2005 - Dissidents (1998 - 2012) (1994 - 1994) Cuba 2009) Cuba Cuba Government-organized Political dissidents (1998 - European Union (2003 - protesters (1999 - 2006) 2010) Cuba 2003) Cuba Cuba Government (1993 - 2012) Protester (1998 - 1998) Farmers (2000 - 2000) Cuba Cuba Cuba Government agents (1992 - Protesters (1998 - 2011) Federation of Cuban 1992) Cuba Cuba Women (2005 - 2005) Cuba Government loyalists (2005 Protestor (1998 - 1998) Fellow soliders (2007 - - 2005) Cuba Cuba 2007) Cuba Government supporters PUND paramilitary group Ferry boat (2003 - 2003) (1990 - 2011) Cuba (1994 - 1994) Cuba Cuba Members of Union of Salvadoran national Raul Fishing boat (2003 - 2003) Young Communists (1996 Ernesto Cruz (1997 - 1997) Cuba - 1996) Cuba Cuba Military (1994 - 1994) Salvadoran nationals Raul Flotilla of Cuban exiles Cuba Ernesto Cruz and Otto (1995 - 1995) Cuba Rene Rodriguez Llerna and Guatemalan nationals Maria Elena Gonzalez Meza, Nader Kamal Musalam Barakat, Jazid Ivan Fernandez Mendoza (1997 - 1997) Cuba Military oﬃcers (1993 - Sebastian Arcos - dissident Global Exchange (2007 - 1993) Cuba (1990 - 1990) Cuba 2007) Cuba Plainclothed police (1992 - The Democracy Movement Government of Mozam- 1992) Cuba (1998 - 1998) Cuba bique (1990 - 1990) Cuba Police (1990 - 2012) Cuba The Ladies in White (2004 Grandmothers (1999 - - 2012) Cuba 1999) Cuba Pro-government counter- Wives of political prisoners Guitart Cayo Coco resort protesters (2011 - 2011) (2004 - 2004) Cuba (1994 - 1994) Cuba Cuba Pro-government demon- Hijacker (2003 - 2003) strators (1999 - 2003) Cuba Cuba Pro-government mob (1991 Hijackers (1994 - 2003) - 2006) Cuba Cuba Pro-government protesters Hotel Nacional & Hotel (2010 - 2012) Cuba Capri (1997 - 1997) Cuba Pro-government workers Human rights activists and students (1996 - 1996) (2002 - 2002) Cuba Cuba Pro-government youths Inmates (2005 - 2005) (2010 - 2010) Cuba Cuba

366 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Secret Police Agents (2009 Japanese Peace Activists - 2009) Cuba (1998 - 1998) Cuba Security agents (2010 - Maltese oil tanker (1994 - 2010) Cuba 1994) Cuba Security forces (1993 - Melia-Cohiba Hotel (1997 - 1993) Cuba 1997) Cuba Security oﬃcials (2009 - Melia Varadero hotel (1992 2009) Cuba - 1992) Cuba State Security Agents Mozambican students (1999 - 2011) Cuba (1990 - 1990) Cuba Union of Young Commu- Pilot (2000 - 2000) Cuba nists (2004 - 2004) Cuba Political opposition (2005 - 2005) Cuba Prison oﬃcials (2005 - 2005) Cuba Prisoners (2011 - 2011) Cuba Pro-Cuban foreigners (2000 - 2000) Cuba Puerto Rico (2006 - 2006) Cuba Refugees (1994 - 1994) Cuba Relatives of four jailed dissidents (1998 - 1998) Cuba Relatives of suspected Cuban terrorist victims (2007 - 2007) Cuba Rogue Army soldiers (2007 - 2007) Cuba Roman Catholic citizens (1998 - 1998) Cuba School children (2000 - 2000) Cuba Spanish consul Eduardo Cerro (1996 - 1996) Cuba Spanish government (1996 - 1996) Cuba Spanish journalist Santiago Aroca (1992 - 1992) Cuba Teachers (1999 - 1999) Cuba Tourist hotels (1997 - 1997) Cuba

367 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Two Cuban nationals (1997 - 1997) Cuba U.S.-based Cuban exiles belonging to group Broth- ers to the Rescue (1995 - 1996) Cuba U.S. citizen Ricky Hod- dynot (1993 - 1993) Cuba U.S. civilian planes belonging to refugee group Broth- ers to the Rescue (1996 - 1996) Cuba U.S. government (1990 - 1998) Cuba U.S. Protestant pastors (1993 - 1993) Cuba United Nations (2000 - 2002) Cuba United States (1998 - 2007) Cuba United States government (1992 - 1992) Cuba Unknown attackers (1997 - 1997) Cuba Unknown bombers (1997 - 1997) Cuba Unspeciﬁed (1998 - 1998) Cuba Vandals (1996 - 1996) Cuba Venezuela (2002 - 2002) Cuba Witness Against Torture (2005 - 2005) Cuba

5.13 Dominican Republic

Government Challenger Civilian Other Anti-drug police (1996 - Protesters (2012 - 2012) Citizens (1990 - 2011) Do- 26 year-old citizen (2001 - 1996) Dominican Republic Dominican Republic minican Republic 2001) Dominican Republic Border guards (2000 - Supporters of presidential Accused murderer of 2000) Dominican Republic candidate Miguel Vargas Haitian nationality (2013 - (2008 - 2008) Dominican 2013) Dominican Republic Republic

368 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Dominican army (1998 - AES-Dominican Power of- 1998) Dominican Republic fices (US owned) (1999 - 1999) Dominican Republic Dominican Congress (1998 AES-Dominican Power - 1998) Dominican Repub- plant (US owned) (1998 - lic 1998) Dominican Republic Dominican Liberation Anselmo Pacheco Polinario Party followers (1996 - - drug agent (1999 - 1999) 1996) Dominican Republic Dominican Republic Dominican Liberation Apolinar Lopez Rodriguez Party supporters (2010 - - businessman (2005 - 2010) Dominican Republic 2005) Dominican Republic Dominican Revolutionary Apolinar Toribio - teachers Party (2013 - 2013) Do- union leader (1999 - 1999) minican Republic Dominican Republic Dominican Revolutionary Autonomous University of Party activist (1996 - 1996) Santo Domingo students Dominican Republic (1998 - 1998) Dominican Republic Dominican Revolutionary Aviv Cohen - secretary of party supporters (2010 - Israeli Embassy in D.R. 2010) Dominican Republic (1996 - 1996) Dominican Republic Government (1990 - 2013) Business groups (2000 - Dominican Republic 2000) Dominican Republic Home of presidential candi- Businesses (1998 - 1998) date Danilo Medina (2000 - Dominican Republic 2000) Dominican Republic Liberation party support- Canadian mining firm Fal- ers (2002 - 2002) Domini- conbridge (1996 - 1996) can Republic Dominican Republic Liberation Party support- Carlos Nerilus - Haitian ers (2002 - 2002) Domini- migrant (2009 - 2009) Do- can Republic minican Republic Member of Social Demo- Civil groups (2002 - 2002) cratic Party (1996 - 1996) Dominican Republic Dominican Republic National Police Chief Jose Commercial associations Anibal Sanz (1999 - 1999) (2000 - 2000) Dominican Dominican Republic Republic Office of Mario Read Vit- Cuban-born journalist tine - official of Social (2002 - 2002) Dominican Christian Reformist Party Republic (2000 - 2000) Dominican Republic

369 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Police (1991 - 2001) Do- Danci Aramboles - baseball minican Republic fan (2003 - 2003) Domini- can Republic President Leonel Fernan- Doctors (1999 - 2013) Do- dez (1998 - 1998) Domini- minican Republic can Republic Provincial oﬃcial of ruling Doctors and nurses (2011 - party (1996 - 1996) Do- 2011) Dominican Republic minican Republic Revoultionary Party sup- Doctors at government porters (2002 - 2002) Do- hospitals (1998 - 2004) minican Republic Dominican Republic Senate President Ramon Doctors at public hospitals Albuquerque (1999 - 1999) (2004 - 2008) Dominican Dominican Republic Republic Supporter of Dominican Doctors, nurses, other Liberation Party (2004 - health workers (2000 - 2004) Dominican Republic 2000) Dominican Republic Supporter of President Dominican-Haitians (2011 Joaquin Balaguer (1996 - - 2011) Dominican Repub- 1996) Dominican Republic lic Supporters of Dominican Dominican citizen Confe- Revolutionary Party (1998 sor Reyes - charged with - 1998) Dominican Repub- killing (2009 - 2009) Do- lic minican Republic Supporters of President Dominican citizens (2004 - Leonel Fernandez (2008 - 2005) Dominican Republic 2008) Dominican Republic Supporters of presidential Dominican couple (2005 - candidate Danilo Medina 2005) Dominican Republic (2000 - 2000) Dominican Republic Supporters of presidential Dominican journalist (2002 candidate Hipolito Mejia - 2002) Dominican Repub- (2000 - 2000) Dominican lic Republic Two supporters of Domini- Dominican journalists can Revolutionary Party (2003 - 2003) Dominican (2004 - 2004) Dominican Republic Republic Dominican Telephone Company (1997 - 1997) Dominican Republic Elvis Rodriguez Ortiz - truck driver (2006 - 2006) Dominican Republic

370 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Faculty and staﬀ at Au- tonomous University of Santo Domingo (2011 - 2011) Dominican Republic Female prison inmates (1998 - 1998) Dominican Republic Haitian bandits (2012 - 2012) Dominican Republic Haitian citizens (2000 - 2006) Dominican Republic Haitian ghettos (2005 - 2005) Dominican Republic Haitian immigrants (2000 - 2000) Dominican Republic Haitian migrant (2000 - 2000) Dominican Republic Haitian migrants (2004 - 2013) Dominican Republic Haitian residents (2006 - 2006) Dominican Republic Jorge Meran - professional baseball player (2003 - 2003) Dominican Republic Jose Agustin Silvestre - journalist (2011 - 2011) Dominican Republic Jose Rafael Llenas Aybar - son of prominent Domini- can family (1996 - 1996) Dominican Republic Labor groups (1999 - 1999) Dominican Republic Martin Palmas - son of former Argentine ambassador to D.R. (1996 - 1996) Do- minican Republic Matias Avelino Castro - alleged mastermind of killing (2011 - 2011) Dominican Republic Merchants (1995 - 1995) Dominican Republic Narciso de la Cruz Sev- erino - drug traﬃcker (1999 - 1999) Dominican Repub- lic

371 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other National Drug Control Di- rectorate (1998 - 1998) Do- minican Republic Opponents of Fidel Castro (2006 - 2006) Dominican Republic Partisans of former president Hipolito Mejia (2013 - 2013) Dominican Republic Pierre Willy, Dominique Gilberto, Paul Cinius - Haitian migrants (2005 - 2005) Dominican Republic Polling places (2004 - 2004) Dominican Republic Popular Organizations Collective (1999 - 1999) Dominican Republic Presumed gang of drug traﬃckers (1996 - 1996) Dominican Republic Prison inmates (1996 - 2005) Dominican Republic Public doctors (1995 - 1995) Dominican Republic Public hospital doctors (1991 - 1991) Dominican Republic Public hospital nurses (1995 - 1995) Dominican Republic Public transportation employees (1999 - 1999) Do- minican Republic Regional politicians (2005 - 2005) Dominican Republic Rev. Pedro Ruquoy - Bel- gian priest (2004 - 2004) Dominican Republic Rival gangs in prison (2005 - 2005) Dominican Repub- lic Rival of ruling party (1996 - 1996) Dominican Repub- lic

372 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Rival party supporters (2006 - 2006) Dominican Republic Roman Catholic nuns (1997 - 1997) Dominican Republic Soldiers (2000 - 2000) Do- minican Republic Spanish citizens (1997 - 1997) Dominican Republic Spanish Embassy in D.R. (1997 - 1997) Dominican Republic Street vendors (1999 - 1999) Dominican Republic Students (1995 - 2012) Do- minican Republic Students at the Au- tonomous University in Santo Domingo (2004 - 2004) Dominican Republic Supporters of Fidel Castro (2006 - 2006) Dominican Republic Suspected gang members (1999 - 1999) Dominican Republic Teachers (1999 - 2011) Do- minican Republic Television newswoman (1996 - 1996) Dominican Republic Truck driver carrying migrants and his assistant (2006 - 2006) Dominican Republic Truck driver Pedro Mendez Perez (2001 - 2001) Do- minican Republic Truck drivers (2010 - 2010) Dominican Republic Truckers (2012 - 2012) Do- minican Republic Two Dominican soldiers (2004 - 2004) Dominican Republic

373 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other U.S. Government (1997 - 2003) Dominican Republic University students (1995 - 1996) Dominican Republic Unknown assailants (2004 - 2004) Dominican Republic Unknown bomber (1998 - 2000) Dominican Republic Unknown gunman (2000 - 2000) Dominican Republic Unknown gunmen (2004 - 2004) Dominican Republic Unspeciﬁed attacker (1996 - 1996) Dominican Repub- lic Vigilante mob (2013 - 2013) Dominican Republic Youths (1996 - 1996) Do- minican Republic

5.14 Algeria

Government Challenger Civilian Other Algerian Army (2013 - Abdelmalek Gouri (2014 - Albert Ebosse (2014 - Anti-Iraqi Alliance (1991 - 2014) Algeria 2014) Algeria 2014) Algeria 1991) Algeria Algerian army (2015 - Abou El-Hacen (2015 - Citizens (1990 - 2012) Al- Arab tribesmen (2013 - 2015) Algeria 2015) Algeria geria 2013) Algeria Algerian Forces (2014 - Algerian women dressed in Civilians (2011 - 2014) Al- Bar patrons (1990 - 1990) 2014) Algeria white (2013 - 2013) Algeria geria Algeria Algerian government (2013 Anti-Government Herve Pierre Gourdel (2014 Berber Mozabite minority - 2013) Algeria protesters (2014 - 2014) - 2014) Algeria (2013 - 2013) Algeria Algeria Algerian Police (2014 - AQIM (2015 - 2015) Alge- Italian woman (2011 - Berbers (1994 - 2009) Alge- 2014) Algeria ria 2011) Algeria ria Algerian troops (2013 - Armed Islamic Group Prisoners (1995 - 2003) Al- Chaamba Arabs (2015 - 2013) Algeria (GIA) (1991 - 1991) geria 2015) Algeria Algeria ArcelorMittal (2009 - 2011) Armed Islamist group Terrorism victims (2006 - Chaamba Youths (2014 - Algeria (2013 - 2013) Algeria 2006) Algeria 2014) Algeria ArcelorMittel (2010 - 2010) Armed Islamists (2013 - Chaambas (2013 - 2013) Algeria 2013) Algeria Algeria Berber oﬃcials (2001 - Barakat Protesters (2014 - Charlie Hebdo newspaper 2001) Algeria 2014) Algeria (2015 - 2015) Algeria Border Guards (2012 - Berber Protesters (2014 - Chinese traders (2009 - 2012) Algeria 2014) Algeria 2009) Algeria

374 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Central Government (2012 Bouteflika opponents (2004 Chinese workers (2004 - - 2012) Algeria - 2004) Algeria 2011) Algeria Community police (2011 - Demonstrators (2013 - Christians (2010 - 2010) 2011) Algeria 2013) Algeria Algeria Djamel Benabdeslam Extremist fighters (2013 - College Students (2014 - (2014 - 2014) Algeria 2013) Algeria 2014) Algeria Ex-army conscripts (2011 - Female Terrorist (2014 - Construction company 2011) Algeria 2014) Algeria (2011 - 2011) Algeria Government (1990 - 2014) Front for Socialist Forces Defense attorneys (1992 - Algeria (1992 - 2001) Algeria 1992) Algeria Government forces (2013 - Fundamentalists (1994 - Defense of traditional dress 2013) Algeria 2007) Algeria (2013 - 2013) Algeria Green Algeria Alliance High-level Al-Qaeda opera- Dock workers (1995 - 1995) (2012 - 2012) Algeria tives (2013 - 2013) Algeria Algeria Guards (1995 - 2003) Alge- Houmat Ed-Daawa Es- Doctors (2011 - 2011) Al- ria Salafia (2011 - 2011) geria Algeria Islamic Salvation Front Islamic fundamentalists Dutch government (2006 - (1991 - 1991) Algeria (1993 - 1993) Algeria 2006) Algeria Islamic Salvation Front Islamic militants (2011 - Education unions (2011 - leader (1993 - 1997) 2011) Algeria 2011) Algeria Algeria Islamist party Movement Islamist Militants (2014 - Egypt Air (2009 - 2009) Al- of Society for Peace (2015 2014) Algeria geria - 2015) Algeria Islamist party MSP (2006 - Jund al-Khalifa (2014 - Factory workers (1996 - 2006) Algeria 2014) Algeria 1996) Algeria Local government (2001 - Katibat Ennour Islamic FNSC Workers’ Federation 2002) Algeria militants (2015 - 2015) Al- (2012 - 2012) Algeria geria Mayor’s office (2013 - 2013) Men with submachine-guns Gas pipeline (2013 - 2013) Algeria (1990 - 1990) Algeria Algeria Mayor (2001 - 2001) Alge- Militants (2013 - 2013) Al- Hospital workers (2002 - ria geria 2002) Algeria Mayor Benyoucef Chel- Muslim militants (1992 - Hotels (2011 - 2011) Alge- ghoum (2014 - 2014) 1992) Algeria ria Algeria Military (1992 - 2012) Al- National Coordination for Huawei Telecommuni- geria Change and Democracy cations (2011 - 2011) (2011 - 2011) Algeria Algeria National Liberation Front Opposition political party Industrial workers (1998 - (2012 - 2012) Algeria (2011 - 2011) Algeria 1998) Algeria National Liberation Front Opposition supporters Iraqi government (1991 - lawmakers (2004 - 2004) (1999 - 1999) Algeria 1991) Algeria Algeria

375 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other National Union of Bar As- Protesters (2013 - 2013) Islamists (2010 - 2015) Al- sociations of Algeria (2011 Algeria geria - 2011) Algeria National Union of Pub- protesters (2014 - 2015) Al- Israel (2010 - 2010) Algeria lic Health Workers (2011 - geria 2011) Algeria Police (1992 - 2013) Algeria Salaﬁsts (2014 - 2014) Al- Israeli government (2009 - geria 2009) Algeria President (1992 - 2004) Al- Signatories for Blood (2013 Journalist’s Wife (2014 - geria - 2013) Algeria 2014) Algeria President Bouteﬂika (2014 Student militants (2008 - Mauritanian bandits (2011 - 2014) Algeria 2008) Algeria - 2011) Algeria Prime Minister (2014 - Terrorists (1993 - 1993) Al- May 6 Movement (2011 - 2014) Algeria geria 2011) Algeria Prison guards (2002 - 2002) Unknown Terrorists (2014 - Mozabite Berbers (2015 - Algeria 2014) Algeria 2015) Algeria Pro-government Support- Mozabite Community ers (2014 - 2014) Algeria (2014 - 2014) Algeria Rally for Culture and Mozabites (2013 - 2013) Democracy (1997 - 2011) Algeria Algeria Security Forces (2012 - Muslim man (1991 - 1991) 2014) Algeria Algeria Security forces (2013 - Muslim students (1992 - 2013) Algeria 1992) Algeria Socialist Forces Front Muslims (1990 - 2009) Al- (1990 - 1997) Algeria geria Soldiers (2013 - 2015) Al- National Industrial Vehi- geria cles Company (2010 - 2010) Algeria Workers’ Party (2002 - Newspaper workers (1994 - 2002) Algeria 2003) Algeria Oil companies (1995 - 1995) Algeria Oil workers (1995 - 1995) Algeria Other fans (2013 - 2013) Algeria Policemen (2013 - 2013) Algeria Protestant Christians (2010 - 2010) Algeria Railway union (2011 - 2011) Algeria Railway workers (2003 - 2003) Algeria

376 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Relatives of terrorism victims (1999 - 1999) Algeria Rwandan football fans (2009 - 2009) Algeria Sonatrach state energy company (2015 - 2015) Algeria Specialist doctors (2011 - 2011) Algeria Steel workers (1992 - 2011) Algeria Steelworkers (2009 - 2009) Algeria Students (1992 - 2011) Al- geria Supply truck (2013 - 2013) Algeria Teachers (1998 - 2003) Al- geria Telecommunications workers (2011 - 2011) Algeria Tourists (2011 - 2011) Al- geria Tuareg tribesmen (2013 - 2013) Algeria Unemployed Algerians (2013 - 2013) Algeria Unemployed people (2011 - 2011) Algeria United States (2003 - 2003) Algeria University lecturers (1996 - 1996) Algeria University lecturers and students (2008 - 2008) Al- geria University students (1992 - 1992) Algeria Unknown (2012 - 2012) Al- geria Unknown Assailant (2014 - 2014) Algeria Unknown attackers (2013 - 2013) Algeria Villagers (2011 - 2011) Al- geria

377 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Women’s liberation group (1995 - 1995) Algeria Women (1994 - 2001) Alge- ria Young Chaambas (2013 - 2013) Algeria Young people (2013 - 2013) Algeria Youth Activists (2012 - 2012) Algeria Youths (1994 - 2011) Alge- ria

5.15 Egypt

Government Challenger Civilian Other Abdel-Moneim Abdolfotoh Ahmed Shafiq - former Citizens (2010 - 2012) 10 Fijian peacekeepers - presidential candidate Prime Minister/presiden- Egypt from Multinational Force (2012 - 2012) Egypt tial candidate (2012 - 2012) and Observers (2012 - Egypt 2012) Egypt Abdel Fattah al-Sisi (2014 Ahmed Shafiq (2012 - Civilian (2013 - 2013) 13-year old boy (2014 - - 2014) Egypt 2012) Egypt Egypt 2014) Egypt Al-Ghad (Tomorrow) Ahmed Shafiq Supporters Civilian group (2012 - 8-Year Old Girl (2014 - party (2005 - 2005) Egypt (2012 - 2012) Egypt 2012) Egypt 2014) Egypt Al-Ghad party (2005 - Ajnad Misr Jihadist Group Civilians (2000 - 2015) Abdullah Elshamy (2014 - 2007) Egypt (2014 - 2014) Egypt Egypt 2014) Egypt Anti-government activists Al-Furqan (2013 - 2013) Egyptian citizens (1992 - Acivists (2012 - 2012) (2005 - 2008) Egypt Egypt 2007) Egypt Egypt Anti-government demon- al-Gama’a al-Islamiyya Activists (2010 - 2014) strators (2013 - 2013) (1992 - 1993) Egypt Egypt Egypt Anti-government Al-Jihad (1992 - 1992) Administrative and TV protesters (2013 - 2013) Egypt station buildings (2013 - Egypt 2013) Egypt Armed forces (2012 - 2012) Al-Masri Fans (2012 - African migrants (2009 - Egypt 2012) Egypt 2009) Egypt Army (2012 - 2015) Egypt Al-Qaeda inspired mil- Ahly Ultras - fans of Al- itants (2011 - 2011) Ahly football club (2012 - Egypt 2012) Egypt Army and police troops Al-Qaeda Organization in Ahmed Samih (2015 - (2012 - 2012) Egypt the Levant and Egypt 2015) Egypt (2005 - 2005) Egypt Army bus (2013 - 2013) Alaa Abdel-Fattah (2014 - Ahmed Seif (2014 - 2014) Egypt 2014) Egypt Egypt Army camp (2013 - 2013) Ansar Beit al-Maqdis Air traffic controllers (2011 Egypt (2013 - 2015) Egypt - 2011) Egypt 378 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Army checkpoint (2013 - Ansar Beit al-Maqdis Mili- Airport workers (2013 - 2013) Egypt tants (2014 - 2014) Egypt 2013) Egypt Army commandos (2013 - Anti-Coup Alliance of Is- Al-Ahly Fans (2012 - 2012) 2013) Egypt lamist groups (2013 - 2013) Egypt Egypt Army convoy (2013 - 2013) Anti-military activists Al-Azhar University (2013 Egypt (2011 - 2012) Egypt - 2013) Egypt Army supporters (2013 - Anti-Mobarak demonstra- Al-Dostour party spoke- 2013) Egypt tors (2011 - 2011) Egypt men (2013 - 2013) Egypt Border guards (2013 - Anti-Morsi protesters Al-Dustur party (2013 - 2013) Egypt (2013 - 2013) Egypt 2013) Egypt Border Guards (2014 - April 6 movement - youth al-Gomhuria newspaper 2014) Egypt group (2012 - 2012) Egypt (2012 - 2012) Egypt Central Government (2012 April 6 protest movement Al-Jazeera (2012 - 2012) - 2015) Egypt (2013 - 2013) Egypt Egypt Central Security Forces April 6 Youth Movement Al-Nabaa newspaper (2001 (2012 - 2013) Egypt (2012 - 2012) Egypt - 2001) Egypt Checkpoint (2013 - 2014) Arafa Kamel Khalifa (2012 Al Jazeera (2011 - 2011) Egypt - 2012) Egypt Egypt City police headquarters Armed Morsi supporters Al Jazeera offices (2012 - (2013 - 2013) Egypt (2013 - 2013) Egypt 2012) Egypt City prison (2013 - 2013) Army opponents (2013 - Alber Saber - Coptic Chris- Egypt 2013) Egypt tian who posted anti-Islam film to Facebook (2012 - 2012) Egypt Civil servants (2010 - 2010) Ayman Nour (2005 - 2005) Alexandria’s ex-security Egypt Egypt director (2013 - 2013) Egypt Culture minister (2013 - Ayman Nour loyalists Algerian national soccer 2013) Egypt (2008 - 2008) Egypt team players (2009 - 2009) Egypt Culture Minister Farouk Brotherhood supporters American citizen (2013 - Hosni (2005 - 2005) Egypt (2013 - 2013) Egypt 2013) Egypt Culture Minister Faruq Campaign headquarters American University in Hosni (2000 - 2006) Egypt of presidential candidate Cairo (AUC) students Ahmed Shafiq (2012 - and faculty (2004 - 2004) 2012) Egypt Egypt Defense Ministry (2013 - Civilian protesters (2011 - Angry Muslims (2013 - 2013) Egypt 2011) Egypt 2013) Egypt Director of state-owned Demonstrators (2013 - Antarktika (company) textile factory (1994 - 2013) Egypt (1993 - 1993) Egypt 1994) Egypt Egyptian Armed Forces Female protesters (2008 - Anti-Bashar al-Assad (2012 - 2012) Egypt 2008) Egypt demonstrators (2012 - 2012) Egypt

379 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Egyptian army (2013 - Friday of martyrs Anti-globalization activists 2013) Egypt protesters (2013 - 2013) (2006 - 2006) Egypt Egypt Egyptian army cadets Government opponents Apache Corp Worker (2014 (2009 - 2009) Egypt (2013 - 2013) Egypt - 2014) Egypt Egyptian border authori- Islamist militants affiliated Appeals court judges (2012 ties (2007 - 2007) Egypt with Army of Islam - rad- - 2012) Egypt ical group (2012 - 2012) Egypt Egyptian border guards Islamist protesters (2012 - Arab Family (2014 - 2014) (2012 - 2012) Egypt 2014) Egypt Egypt Egyptian border police Journalists opposing Pres- Arab League (2012 - 2012) (2005 - 2006) Egypt ident Morsi (2012 - 2012) Egypt Egypt Egyptian foreign trade Laila Soueif (2014 - 2014) Ariel Sharon, Israel (2005 - minister Rachid Mo- Egypt 2005) Egypt hammed Rachid (2004 - 2004) Egypt Egyptian government Masked guerillas (1990 - Armed assailant (1999 - (1995 - 2009) Egypt 1990) Egypt 1999) Egypt Egyptian government and Mohamed al-Sayed Man- Armed bandits (2004 - security forces (2004 - sour al-Toukhi (2014 - 2004) Egypt 2007) Egypt 2014) Egypt Egyptian government, Mohammed Sultan (2014 - Armed Bedouin tribesmen Muslims, Police (2006 - 2014) Egypt (2013 - 2013) Egypt 2006) Egypt Egyptian government/se- Monotheism and Holy War Armed men (1996 - 2013) curity forces (2005 - 2005) (2004 - 2006) Egypt Egypt Egypt Egyptian guards (2010 - Morsi opponents (2013 - Armed men who infiltrated 2010) Egypt 2013) Egypt Israeli border (2012 - 2012) Egypt Egyptian military (2013 - Morsi Opposition (2013 - Armored car (1996 - 1996) 2014) Egypt 2013) Egypt Egypt Egyptian policeman (2007 Morsi Supporters (2014 - Arms Traffickers (2014 - - 2007) Egypt 2014) Egypt 2014) Egypt Egyptian Prime Minister Mubarak detractors (2011 - Artists (2013 - 2013) Egypt (2013 - 2013) Egypt 2011) Egypt Egyptian prison officials Muslim Brotherhood oppo- Artists, movie directors, and guards (2005 - 2005) nents (2013 - 2013) Egypt writers (2013 - 2013) Egypt Egypt Egyptian riot police (2006 Muslim Brotherhood, Ke- Artists, writers, intellectu- - 2006) Egypt faya movement (2006 - als (2005 - 2005) Egypt 2006) Egypt Egyptian security agents Muslim protesters (2013 - Assailant (2013 - 2013) (1995 - 1995) Egypt 2013) Egypt Egypt

380 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Egyptian security forces Nour al-Hamdeen (2014 - Assailants (2013 - 2013) (2005 - 2013) Egypt 2014) Egypt Egypt Egyptian troops (2013 - Opponents of Morsi and Assiut University faculty 2013) Egypt new constitution (2012 - and students (2008 - 2008) 2012) Egypt Egypt Electoral candidate from Opponents of Muammar Attacker (2013 - 2013) ruling party (1995 - 1995) Khaddafy (2011 - 2011) Egypt Egypt Egypt Followers of Hamdeen Opponents of President Attackers (2010 - 2013) Sabahi (2013 - 2013) Mohammed Morsi (2012 - Egypt Egypt 2012) Egypt Foreign Ministry (2014 - Opponents of President Attempted assassins (1995 2014) Egypt Morsi (2012 - 2012) Egypt - 1995) Egypt Freedom and Justice party Pro-Morsi Coalition (2014 Attorney General (2000 - offices (2013 - 2013) Egypt - 2014) Egypt 2000) Egypt Freedom and Justice party Pro-Morsi protesters (2013 Aulad Mahmud family villas (2013 - 2013) Egypt - 2015) Egypt (1995 - 1995) Egypt General al-Sisi followers Pro-Morsi Students (2014 - Authorities (2014 - 2015) (2013 - 2013) Egypt 2014) Egypt Egypt General al-Sisi supporters Pro-Morsi Supporters Baggage handlers (2013 - (2013 - 2013) Egypt (2014 - 2014) Egypt 2013) Egypt Government (1990 - 2015) Protester (2012 - 2012) Baggage handlers of Egypt Egypt EgyptAir (2012 - 2012) Egypt Government supporters Protesters (2011 - 2013) Baha’i villagers (2009 - (2013 - 2013) Egypt Egypt 2009) Egypt Governor (2013 - 2013) protesters (2012 - 2015) Bakery owners (2013 - Egypt Egypt 2013) Egypt Governor of Minya (2009 - protesters in Tahrir Square Bani Hilal tribesmen (2014 2009) Egypt (2012 - 2012) Egypt - 2014) Egypt Governor Saad al-Husseini Salafist Islamists (2013 - Bank (1996 - 1996) Egypt (2013 - 2013) Egypt 2013) Egypt Guards (2014 - 2014) Senior IS Militant (2015 - Bank robbers (2000 - 2002) Egypt 2015) Egypt Egypt Hardline Islamists of Sunni protesters (2013 - Bedouin gunmen (2005 - Salafist movement (2012 - 2013) Egypt 2005) Egypt 2012) Egypt Headquarters of opposition Supporters of Ayman Nour Bedouin tribesman (2012 - liberal Wafd Party (2012 - (2005 - 2005) Egypt 2012) Egypt 2012) Egypt Hizb al-Amal (1995 - 1995) Supporters of disqualified Bedouin tribesmen (2008 - Egypt presidential candidate 2013) Egypt Hazem Abu Ismail (2012 - 2012) Egypt Interior Minister (2005 - Supporters of rival al-Ghad Bedouins (1996 - 2012) 2005) Egypt leader (2008 - 2008) Egypt Egypt

381 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Interior Minister Mohamed Suspected Islamic mil- Bedouins of the Ibrahim (2013 - 2013) itants (2013 - 2013) Fawakhriya tribe (2007 - Egypt Egypt 2007) Egypt Interior Ministry (2011 - Suspected militants (2012 - Bedouins of the Tarabin 2013) Egypt 2012) Egypt tribe (2007 - 2007) Egypt Islamist supporters of Takfiri Jihadist Militants Black Bloc (2013 - 2013) President Mohamed Morsi (2014 - 2014) Egypt Egypt (2012 - 2012) Egypt Journalists supporting Terrorists responsible for Bomber (2013 - 2013) President Morsi (2012 - bombing of Egyptian em- Egypt 2012) Egypt bassy in Pakistan (1995 - 1995) Egypt Labor Ministry Official The April 6 group (2008 - Bombers of church (2012 - (2014 - 2014) Egypt 2008) Egypt 2012) Egypt Leaders of Wasat party The Egyptian Movement Border Checkpoint (2014 - (1996 - 1996) Egypt for Change, a.k.a. the Ke- 2014) Egypt faya (Enough) movement (2004 - 2005) Egypt Liberal members of Parlia- The Muslim Brotherhood Brazilian tourists (2012 - ment (2012 - 2012) Egypt (2013 - 2013) Egypt 2012) Egypt Local authorities (2004 - Vigilantes (2013 - 2013) Brick workers (2013 - 2013) 2004) Egypt Egypt Egypt Local government (2010 - Women arrested during Brigadier General (2014 - 2010) Egypt demonstrations (2012 - 2014) Egypt 2012) Egypt Local government officials Women protesters (2014 - British and Dutch prison- (2008 - 2009) Egypt 2014) Egypt ers (2005 - 2005) Egypt Local police (1998 - 2004) Young protesters (2013 - British Citizen (2014 - Egypt 2013) Egypt 2014) Egypt Local Police (2012 - 2012) Brotherhood headquarters Egypt (2013 - 2013) Egypt Magistrates (2012 - 2012) Brotherhood Leader’s son Egypt (2013 - 2013) Egypt Mahmoud Abdel-Maguid Brotherhood office (2013 - - nation’s top prosecutor 2013) Egypt (2012 - 2012) Egypt Members of Central Secu- Bus (2013 - 2013) Egypt rity Forces - riot police (2012 - 2012) Egypt Military (2012 - 2012) Bus driver (2011 - 2011) Egypt Egypt Military building (2013 - Bus drivers (2000 - 2000) 2013) Egypt Egypt Military checkpoint (2013 - Caf (2013 - 2013) Egypt 2013) Egypt

382 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Military Checkpoint (2015 Cairo criminal court (2005 - 2015) Egypt - 2006) Egypt Military Forces (2014 - Cairo Metro Stations (2014 2014) Egypt - 2014) Egypt Military General El-Sissi Cairo Military Hospital (2014 - 2014) Egypt (2014 - 2014) Egypt Military Helicopter (2014 - Cairo night club (2015 - 2014) Egypt 2015) Egypt Military Installed Govern- Cairo University (2015 - ment (2014 - 2014) Egypt 2015) Egypt Military intelligence build- Canal workers (2011 - ing (2013 - 2013) Egypt 2011) Egypt Military leadership (2012 - Candidate’s son (2010 - 2012) Egypt 2010) Egypt Military oﬃce (2013 - Caroline Kamel - Christian 2013) Egypt journalist and her family (2012 - 2012) Egypt Military Oﬃcer (2014 - Cars and shops (2013 - 2014) Egypt 2013) Egypt Military police (2012 - Central Bank employees 2012) Egypt (1999 - 1999) Egypt Military Post (2014 - 2014) Children (2012 - 2012) Egypt Egypt Military Supporters (2012 - Chinese workers (2012 - 2012) Egypt 2012) Egypt Military vehicle (2013 - Christian-owned stores 2013) Egypt (2013 - 2013) Egypt Military vehicles (2013 - Christian (2013 - 2013) 2013) Egypt Egypt Ministry of Education Christian ambulance (1993 - 1993) Egypt worker (2013 - 2013) Egypt Mohamed ElBaradei (2011 Christian convert (2013 - - 2011) Egypt 2013) Egypt Morsi government (2013 - Christian homes (2013 - 2013) Egypt 2013) Egypt Morsi loyalists (2013 - Christian homes and stores 2013) Egypt (2013 - 2013) Egypt Morsi supporters (2013 - Christian villagers (2012 - 2013) Egypt 2012) Egypt Mostafa Abdel Rahman Christians (2009 - 2013) (2015 - 2015) Egypt Egypt Mubarak supporters (2011 Church (2013 - 2015) - 2011) Egypt Egypt Muslim Brotherhood (1993 Churches (2013 - 2013) - 2015) Egypt Egypt

383 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Muslim Brotherhood cleric Civic authorities (1990 - (2013 - 2013) Egypt 1990) Egypt Muslim Brotherhood Gov- Civil society organizations ernors (2013 - 2013) Egypt (2011 - 2011) Egypt Muslim Brotherhood Civilian Opponents to guards (2013 - 2013) Morsi (2014 - 2014) Egypt Egypt Muslim Brotherhood law- College students (2012 - maker Hassan al-Brince 2012) Egypt (2012 - 2012) Egypt Muslim Brotherhood Constitutional panel (2012 leader (2010 - 2010) Egypt - 2012) Egypt Muslim Brotherhood mem- Coptic Bishop (2013 - bers (2010 - 2014) Egypt 2013) Egypt Muslim Brotherhood Coptic Christian (2013 - Members (2014 - 2014) 2013) Egypt Egypt Muslim Brotherhood Of- Coptic Christian church fice (2013 - 2013) Egypt (2012 - 2012) Egypt Muslim Brotherhood of- Coptic Christian home fices (2012 - 2012) Egypt (2012 - 2012) Egypt Muslim Brotherhood party Coptic Christian man office (2013 - 2013) Egypt (2013 - 2013) Egypt Muslim Brotherhood Coptic Christian priest student members (2007 - (1999 - 2013) Egypt 2008) Egypt Muslim Brotherhood Coptic Christian villagers supporters (2010 - 2013) (1999 - 2012) Egypt Egypt National Democratic Party Coptic Christian youths (2005 - 2005) Egypt (2007 - 2007) Egypt National Democratic Party Coptic Christians (1990 - members of Parliament 2014) Egypt (2006 - 2006) Egypt National Democratic Party Coptic church (2013 - supporters (2005 - 2005) 2013) Egypt Egypt National Salvation Front Coptic officials (2010 - (2012 - 2012) Egypt 2010) Egypt National Salvation Front Coptic Owned Shops (2014 opposition coalition (2013 - - 2014) Egypt 2013) Egypt National Security Agency Coptic Pope Shenuda III (2013 - 2014) Egypt (2004 - 2004) Egypt National security officer Court (2014 - 2014) Egypt (2013 - 2013) Egypt

384 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Offices of presidential can- Court presiding over Hosni didate Ahmed Shafiq (2012 Mubarak trial (2012 - - 2012) Egypt 2012) Egypt Oja border crossing police Courthouse (2013 - 2013) (2013 - 2013) Egypt Egypt Opposition members of Criminals (2012 - 2012) Egyptian parliament (2005 Egypt - 2005) Egypt Opposition National Salva- Crowd (2013 - 2013) Egypt tion Front (2012 - 2012) Egypt Opposition parties (2003 - Crowd in Tahrir Square 2004) Egypt (2012 - 2012) Egypt Opposition parties and Crowd of Men (2014 - movements (2013 - 2013) 2014) Egypt Egypt Opposition party offices Crowds (2013 - 2013) (2013 - 2013) Egypt Egypt Parliament (2012 - 2012) Daily publications (2012 - Egypt 2012) Egypt Police (1990 - 2015) Egypt Deceased head of the Mus- lim Brotherhood, Mustafa Mashhir (2002 - 2002) Egypt Police base (2013 - 2013) Defense Lawyers (2014 - Egypt 2014) Egypt Police Brigadier General Democracy activists (2011 (2014 - 2014) Egypt - 2011) Egypt Police building (2013 - Denmark (2006 - 2006) 2013) Egypt Egypt Police bus (2013 - 2013) Detainees (2005 - 2005) Egypt Egypt Police camp (2013 - 2013) Dockworkers (2006 - 2006) Egypt Egypt Police captain (2013 - Doctors (2012 - 2014) 2013) Egypt Egypt Police cars (2013 - 2013) Doctors in public hospitals Egypt (2012 - 2012) Egypt Police checkpoint (2013 - Drug dealers (2013 - 2013) 2013) Egypt Egypt Police Checkpoint (2014 - Editor of opposition news- 2014) Egypt paper (1995 - 1995) Egypt Police conscript (2013 - Egypt Air management 2013) Egypt (2013 - 2013) Egypt Police facility (2013 - 2013) Egypt Air pilots (2013 - Egypt 2013) Egypt

385 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Police General Mohamed Egypt Football Association Saeed (2014 - 2014) Egypt (2012 - 2012) Egypt Police headquarters (2013 - EgyptAir - national airline 2013) Egypt (2012 - 2012) Egypt Police Headquarters (2014 Egyptair (2012 - 2012) - 2014) Egypt Egypt Police officer (2013 - 2013) Egyptian and Palestinian Egypt prisoners (2004 - 2004) Egypt Police Officer (2014 - 2015) Egyptian Bedouins (2012 - Egypt 2012) Egypt Police officers (2011 - 2013) Egyptian court (2007 - Egypt 2007) Egypt Police patrol (2013 - 2013) Egyptian Football Associa- Egypt tion (2012 - 2012) Egypt Police station (2012 - 2013) Egyptian Jihadists (2015 - Egypt 2015) Egypt Police Station (2014 - Egyptian journalists (1991 2014) Egypt - 1995) Egypt Police stations (2013 - Egyptian Man (2014 - 2013) Egypt 2014) Egypt Police vehicle (2013 - 2013) Egyptian Muslim citizens Egypt (1990 - 1998) Egypt Police water truck (2013 - Egyptian Organization for 2013) Egypt Human Rights (EOHR) (1998 - 2005) Egypt Policeman (2013 - 2013) Egyptian pilgrims (2004 - Egypt 2004) Egypt Policemen (2012 - 2013) Egyptian shopkeepers Egypt (2000 - 2000) Egypt President Hosni Mubarak Egyptian soccer fans (2009 (1999 - 2008) Egypt - 2009) Egypt President Hosni Mubarak Egyptian soldiers (2012 - and his ruling National 2012) Egypt Democratic Party (2005 - 2005) Egypt President Hosni Egyptian Soldiers (2014 - Mubarak/Egyptian 2014) Egypt government (2005 - 2005) Egypt President Mohammed Egyptian students, women Morsi (2012 - 2012) Egypt (2004 - 2004) Egypt President Morsi (2012 - Egyptian universities (2006 2012) Egypt - 2006) Egypt

386 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Presidential candidate Egyptian university stu- Ahmed Shaﬁq (2012 - dents (1991 - 1991) Egypt 2012) Egypt Presidential Palace (2014 - Egyptian villagers (2000 - 2014) Egypt 2001) Egypt Presidential palace (2015 - El-Aawashir family (2013 - 2015) Egypt 2013) Egypt Prime Minister’s motor- El-Shaieba family (2013 - cade (2013 - 2013) Egypt 2013) Egypt Prime Minister Hisham ElBaradei (2010 - 2010) Qandil (2012 - 2012) Egypt Egypt Prison guards (2008 - 2013) ElBaradei supporter (2010 Egypt - 2010) Egypt Prison oﬃcials and guards Embassies of Ethiopia and (2005 - 2006) Egypt Eritrea (2009 - 2009) Egypt Pro-army protesters (2013 Employees at newspaper - 2013) Egypt al-Gomhuria (2012 - 2012) Egypt Pro-government activists European aid workers (2005 - 2005) Egypt (2009 - 2009) Egypt Pro-government demon- ex-Mubarak Supporters strators (2013 - 2013) (2012 - 2012) Egypt Egypt Pro-military politician Executive board of journal- (2013 - 2013) Egypt ists’ union (1996 - 1996) Egypt Pro-military protesters Exiled Palestinians from (2013 - 2013) Egypt Libya (1995 - 1995) Egypt Pro-military supporters Factory manager (2010 - (2012 - 2012) Egypt 2010) Egypt Pro-Military Supporters Factory workers (2000 - (2014 - 2014) Egypt 2010) Egypt Pro-Mubarak thugs (2011 - Family (2015 - 2015) Egypt 2011) Egypt Provincial government Family members and sup- (2013 - 2013) Egypt porters of food riot defendants (2008 - 2008) Egypt Provincial government Family members of ferry headquarters (2013 - 2013) accident victims (2009 - Egypt 2009) Egypt Provincial police headquar- Family members of people ters (2013 - 2013) Egypt detained after Sinai bomb- ings (2005 - 2005) Egypt Rebel faction within Wafd Fans of Al-Masry soccer party (2006 - 2006) Egypt team (2012 - 2012) Egypt

387 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Regime supporters (2011 - Farmers (1997 - 2012) 2011) Egypt Egypt Regional government (2011 Female citizens (2012 - - 2011) Egypt 2012) Egypt Republican Guard (2013 - Female relatives of de- 2013) Egypt tained bombing suspects (2008 - 2008) Egypt Riot police (2013 - 2013) Female University Student Egypt (2014 - 2014) Egypt Rival factions within Hizb Feuding families (2011 - al-Amal (Labor Party) 2011) Egypt (2000 - 2000) Egypt Salafist Muslims (2012 - Finance Ministry (2013 - 2012) Egypt 2013) Egypt Salafists (2012 - 2012) Fire victims (2007 - 2007) Egypt Egypt Security Forces (2014 - Flight Attendants (2012 - 2015) Egypt 2012) Egypt Security forces, police Flight attendants of (2007 - 2007) Egypt EgyptAir (2012 - 2012) Egypt Senior military commander Flood victims (2010 - 2010) (2013 - 2013) Egypt Egypt Senior Police Officer (2014 Followers of activist Mona - 2014) Egypt Seif (2013 - 2013) Egypt Socialist Popular Alliance Football fans (2011 - 2013) Party (2015 - 2015) Egypt Egypt Sports Ministry (2013 - Football game (2011 - 2013) Egypt 2011) Egypt State Council - judicial Foreign newspapers (2008 - body (2012 - 2012) Egypt 2008) Egypt State Council (2012 - 2012) Foreign tourists (1992 - Egypt 2009) Egypt State Council Judges Club Former Interior Minister (2012 - 2012) Egypt (2013 - 2013) Egypt State employees (2011 - Former military comman- 2011) Egypt ders (2012 - 2012) Egypt State security forces (2000 France 24 TV reporter So- - 2000) Egypt nia Dridi (2012 - 2012) Egypt State security services French activists (2009 - (2011 - 2011) Egypt 2009) Egypt Supporters of government- French embassy (2009 - backed parliamentary 2009) Egypt candidates (1995 - 1995) Egypt

388 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Supporters of independent French government (2004 - parliamentary candidate 2004) Egypt (2005 - 2005) Egypt Supporters of independent Friday of Anger protesters parliamentary candidates (2013 - 2013) Egypt (1995 - 1995) Egypt Supporters of opposition Friends and relatives of parliamentary candidates suspected Islamist terror- (2000 - 2000) Egypt ists (2006 - 2006) Egypt Supporters of opposition Funeral mourners (2013 - parties (1995 - 1995) Egypt 2013) Egypt Supporters of President Gang of robbers (2012 - Mohamed Morsi (2012 - 2012) Egypt 2012) Egypt Supporters of President Garment workers (2004 - Morsi (2012 - 2012) Egypt 2004) Egypt Supporters of presidential Gas pipeline (2011 - 2013) candidates (2012 - 2012) Egypt Egypt Supporters of Salaﬁst can- Gas terminal (2011 - 2011) didate Hazem Abu Ismail Egypt (2012 - 2012) Egypt Supporters of the govern- German tourists (1992 - ment (1995 - 1995) Egypt 1992) Egypt Supreme Council of the Germany (2009 - 2009) Armed Forces (2012 - 2012) Egypt Egypt Suspected police killer Government thugs (2004 - (2013 - 2013) Egypt 2004) Egypt Tagammu party (2003 - Green Eagles (2013 - 2013) 2003) Egypt Egypt The Anti-Coup Alliance Gunman (2013 - 2013) (2013 - 2013) Egypt Egypt The Islamist Construction Gunmen (2012 - 2015) and Development Party Egypt (2013 - 2013) Egypt Traﬃc Police Station (2014 Hala Fahmy - TV host - 2014) Egypt (2012 - 2012) Egypt Wafd Party (2012 - 2012) Hamas (2015 - 2015) Egypt Egypt Wafd party loyalists (2006 Hamas loyalists (2010 - - 2006) Egypt 2010) Egypt Zagazig state security Hardline Islamists (2012 - emergency court (2006 - 2012) Egypt 2006) Egypt

389 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Headquarters of Egyptian Football Association (2012 - 2012) Egypt Helwan University administration (2006 - 2006) Egypt Helwan University students (2006 - 2006) Egypt High Administrative Court (2012 - 2012) Egypt High Court (2013 - 2013) Egypt Home and shops of Cop- tic Christian Murad Samy Guirguis (2012 - 2012) Egypt Hospital (2014 - 2014) Egypt Hospital Workers (2012 - 2012) Egypt Hospitals (2012 - 2012) Egypt Hotel Managers (2012 - 2012) Egypt Human rights activists (2004 - 2010) Egypt Human Rights Activists (2012 - 2012) Egypt Hungarian (2013 - 2013) Egypt Hurghada security (2011 - 2011) Egypt Independent Newspapers (2012 - 2012) Egypt Independent TV networks (2013 - 2013) Egypt International community (1993 - 1993) Egypt International peace force Multinationa Force and Observers (MFO) (2012 - 2012) Egypt Iran (2013 - 2013) Egypt Iranian convoy (2013 - 2013) Egypt

390 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Iraq (2007 - 2007) Egypt Iraqi government (1991 - 1991) Egypt Iraqi refugees (2006 - 2006) Egypt Iraqis (1991 - 1991) Egypt Islamic extremists (2005 - 2005) Egypt Islamic Extremists (2014 - 2014) Egypt Islamic militants (2005 - 2013) Egypt Islamic Militants (2012 - 2012) Egypt Islamic radicals (1994 - 1994) Egypt Islamist-backed draft constitution (2012 - 2012) Egypt Islamist (2010 - 2010) Egypt Islamist marchers (2013 - 2013) Egypt Islamist militant (2013 - 2013) Egypt Islamist militants (2012 - 2012) Egypt Islamist Militants (2015 - 2015) Egypt Islamist organizations (2011 - 2011) Egypt Islamist students (2013 - 2013) Egypt Islamist university students (2005 - 2005) Egypt Islamist wedding guests (2013 - 2013) Egypt Islamist/Bedouin militants (2012 - 2012) Egypt Islamists (2011 - 2015) Egypt Israel (2000 - 2013) Egypt Israeli Informants (2014 - 2014) Egypt

391 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Israeli Military Vehicle (2014 - 2014) Egypt Israeli PM Benjamin Ne- tanyahu (1996 - 1996) Egypt Israeli Resort Eilat (2014 - 2014) Egypt Israeli tourists (1990 - 1990) Egypt Italian Consulate (2015 - 2015) Egypt Jailed opposition leader Ayman Nour (2006 - 2006) Egypt Jihadi groups (2013 - 2013) Egypt Jirmy Abu-Masuh - Bedouin man (2012 - 2012) Egypt Journalists’ Syndicate (2006 - 2006) Egypt Journalists’ union (2012 - 2012) Egypt Journalists (2000 - 2014) Egypt Judge (2015 - 2015) Egypt Judge Mutax Khafagi (2015 - 2015) Egypt Judge Shaaban el-Shamy (2014 - 2014) Egypt Judges’ Club of Cairo (2005 - 2005) Egypt Judges (2013 - 2015) Egypt Judges Club (2011 - 2011) Egypt Judges Club of Alexandria (2012 - 2012) Egypt Judiciary (2012 - 2014) Egypt Kefaya movement (2005 - 2008) Egypt Khaled el-Maniee (2015 - 2015) Egypt Knife-wielding men (2013 - 2013) Egypt

392 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Korean tourists and their guide (2012 - 2012) Egypt Kuwait government (2010 - 2010) Egypt Lawmakers (2012 - 2012) Egypt Lawyers’ Syndicate (1994 - 1994) Egypt Lawyers’ trade union (1996 - 1996) Egypt Lawyers (1999 - 2014) Egypt Leftists and Islamic activists (1996 - 1996) Egypt Liberal Activists (2012 - 2012) Egypt Liberal activists (2013 - 2013) Egypt Libya (2011 - 2013) Egypt Libyan soccer fans (2006 - 2006) Egypt Local property (1998 - 1999) Egypt Local tribesman (2012 - 2012) Egypt Lone Citizen (2012 - 2012) Egypt Looters (2013 - 2013) Egypt Luxury hotel (2013 - 2013) Egypt Male citizens (2012 - 2012) Egypt Management (1996 - 2000) Egypt Masked attackers (2013 - 2013) Egypt Masked bandits (2008 - 2008) Egypt Masked gunmen (2013 - 2013) Egypt Masked Gunmen (2014 - 2014) Egypt Masked men (2012 - 2012) Egypt

393 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Massacre of the Century protesters (2013 - 2013) Egypt Members of Egyptian professional unions (1995 - 1995) Egypt Microbus drivers (2013 - 2013) Egypt Militants (2012 - 2015) Egypt Mill workers (1996 - 1996) Egypt Mini-Bus Driver (2014 - 2014) Egypt Mob (2010 - 2013) Egypt Mob of young men (2012 - 2012) Egypt Mobile Service Store (2015 - 2015) Egypt Motorists (2000 - 2002) Egypt Mourners of Coptic Pope Shenouda (2012 - 2012) Egypt Multinational Force and Observation mission (2014 - 2014) Egypt Multinational Force and Observers (2012 - 2012) Egypt Multinational Force and Observers peacekeeper base (2012 - 2012) Egypt Municipality Workers (2012 - 2012) Egypt Murderer (2013 - 2013) Egypt Museum (2013 - 2013) Egypt Muslim and Christian villagers (2012 - 2012) Egypt Muslim citizens (2012 - 2012) Egypt Muslim cleric (2013 - 2013) Egypt

394 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Muslim cleric and others (1995 - 1995) Egypt Muslim extremists (1999 - 1999) Egypt Muslim fundamentalist (1992 - 1992) Egypt Muslim fundamentalists (1990 - 1992) Egypt Muslim shop-owners (2011 - 2011) Egypt Muslim villagers (1995 - 2012) Egypt Muslim woman (2013 - 2013) Egypt Muslim youths (2007 - 2007) Egypt Muslims (2004 - 2013) Egypt Muslims and Christians (2010 - 2010) Egypt Mussalem Family (1995 - 1995) Egypt Muwad Hassaad - Cop- tic Christian (2012 - 2012) Egypt Nasser Social Bank (1998 - 1998) Egypt National airline carrier (2013 - 2013) Egypt National Council for Women (2008 - 2008) Egypt Natural Gas Pipeline (2015 - 2015) Egypt Naval Vessel (2014 - 2014) Egypt Newspaper owners and employees (1997 - 1997) Egypt Non-Islamist wedding guests (2013 - 2013) Egypt Notaries (2014 - 2014) Egypt Nubian Clan (2014 - 2014) Egypt Nubian Dabudiya (2014 - 2014) Egypt

395 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Oﬀ-duty policeman (2011 - 2011) Egypt Omar Suleiman (2012 - 2012) Egypt Opera house employees (2013 - 2013) Egypt Opera singers (2013 - 2013) Egypt Opponents of draft constitution (2012 - 2012) Egypt Opposition activists (2005 - 2011) Egypt Opposition groups (2007 - 2007) Egypt Opposition journalist (2004 - 2004) Egypt Opposition journalists (2000 - 2000) Egypt Opposition supporters (2010 - 2010) Egypt Opposition voters (2005 - 2007) Egypt Other soccer players (2013 - 2013) Egypt Owner of ferry (2009 - 2009) Egypt Palestinian Civilian (2015 - 2015) Egypt Palestinian gunmen (2015 - 2015) Egypt Palestinian Islamic Army (2009 - 2009) Egypt Palestinian Men (2014 - 2014) Egypt Palestinian militants and citizens (2006 - 2006) Egypt Palestinians (2005 - 2008) Egypt Palestinians in Gaza (2008 - 2008) Egypt Passing cars (2013 - 2013) Egypt Pharmacists (2009 - 2009) Egypt

396 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Photojournalists (2007 - 2007) Egypt Pig farmers (2009 - 2009) Egypt Players on Al-Ahly soccer team (2012 - 2012) Egypt Polling Stations (2012 - 2012) Egypt Pope Benedict XVI (2006 - 2006) Egypt Port workers (2013 - 2013) Egypt Post oﬃce (2013 - 2013) Egypt Potters, artisans (1998 - 1998) Egypt Poultry industry workers (2006 - 2006) Egypt Press Syndicate (2005 - 2005) Egypt Press Syndicate head (2013 - 2013) Egypt Press Syndicate newspapers (2007 - 2007) Egypt Prince Tadros church (2013 - 2013) Egypt Prisoners (2008 - 2013) Egypt Private minibus drivers (2013 - 2013) Egypt Private Television Net- works (2012 - 2012) Egypt Privately owned TV networks (2012 - 2012) Egypt Pro-democracy groups (2012 - 2012) Egypt Pro-Palestinian activists (2010 - 2010) Egypt Pro-reform activists (2005 - 2006) Egypt Pro-reform judges (2006 - 2006) Egypt Professors for Change (2005 - 2005) Egypt

397 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Prosecutor General (2013 - 2013) Egypt Prosecutor general Talaat Ibrahim Abdallah (2012 - 2012) Egypt Prosecutor Hisham Barakat (2015 - 2015) Egypt Prosecutors (2012 - 2012) Egypt Public-sector workers (2006 - 2006) Egypt Public buses (2013 - 2013) Egypt Public Prosecutor (2013 - 2013) Egypt Public Service Providers (2012 - 2012) Egypt Public tax and customs workers (2015 - 2015) Egypt Public Transportation Providers (2012 - 2012) Egypt Quarry workers (2009 - 2013) Egypt Railway Workers (2012 - 2012) Egypt Random passerby (2013 - 2013) Egypt Red Sea Port Authority (2011 - 2011) Egypt Red Sea ports authority (2006 - 2006) Egypt Relatives and friends of Muslim Brotherhood ﬁ- nanciers (2007 - 2007) Egypt Relatives of detained Mus- lim Brotherhood members (2005 - 2005) Egypt Relatives of ferry accident victims (2006 - 2006) Egypt Relatives of political detainees (2005 - 2005) Egypt

398 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Religious institutions (2005 - 2005) Egypt Religious violence (2011 - 2011) Egypt Reporter (2013 - 2013) Egypt Residents (2013 - 2013) Egypt Residents of Aswan (2008 - 2008) Egypt Residents of Awlad Khalifa (2011 - 2011) Egypt Residents of Awlad Yehiya (2011 - 2011) Egypt Residents of Bahariya (2008 - 2008) Egypt Residents of Burg al- Burullus (2008 - 2008) Egypt Residents of Damietta (2008 - 2008) Egypt Residents of Ezba (2009 - 2009) Egypt Residents of Luxor (2008 - 2008) Egypt Residents of Samalout (2008 - 2008) Egypt Retired Army Colonel (2014 - 2014) Egypt Rickshaw drivers (2008 - 2008) Egypt Russian Airline (2015 - 2015) Egypt Russian Tourist (2014 - 2014) Egypt Saboteurs (2011 - 2012) Egypt Satellite communication dish (2013 - 2013) Egypt Saudi Arabia (2012 - 2012) Egypt Saudi Arabian government (2012 - 2012) Egypt School (2015 - 2015) Egypt School principal (2013 - 2013) Egypt

399 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Second round of referendum (2012 - 2012) Egypt Secular Activists (2012 - 2012) Egypt Secular and leftist activists (2012 - 2012) Egypt Secular youth (2012 - 2012) Egypt Secular youth activists (2013 - 2013) Egypt Secularist writer (1992 - 1992) Egypt Security checkpoint (2012 - 2013) Egypt Security checkpoints (2012 - 2013) Egypt Security convoy (2013 - 2013) Egypt Security forces (2000 - 2013) Egypt Security post (2013 - 2013) Egypt Senior Muslim religious leaders in Egypt (2005 - 2005) Egypt Serbs (1999 - 1999) Egypt Sharm el-Sheikh residents (2005 - 2005) Egypt Shiite Muslims (2013 - 2013) Egypt Shop owners (2013 - 2013) Egypt Shrine of Sheikh Zuweyid - local Muslim saint (2012 - 2012) Egypt Sinai bombers (2004 - 2004) Egypt Sinai Gas Pipeline (2014 - 2014) Egypt Sinai Pipeline (2015 - 2015) Egypt Sinai Province of the Islamic State (formerly known as Ansar Beit al-Maqdis) (2015 - 2015) Egypt

400 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Singapore tourist (2012 - 2012) Egypt Smugglers (2015 - 2015) Egypt Sniper (2013 - 2013) Egypt Snipers (2013 - 2013) Egypt Soccer fans (1998 - 2013) Egypt Soccer Fans (2014 - 2014) Egypt Soccer players (2013 - 2013) Egypt Soccer stadium (2012 - 2012) Egypt Soldier (2012 - 2013) Egypt Soldiers (2011 - 2015) Egypt South Korean Tourists (2014 - 2014) Egypt Souvenir Vendors (2012 - 2012) Egypt Special forces (2013 - 2013) Egypt Stadium (2014 - 2014) Egypt Staﬀ of Internet edition of al-Ahram daily (2012 - 2012) Egypt State-owned Misr Spinning and Weaving Company (2012 - 2012) Egypt Street vendors (2011 - 2013) Egypt Students (1996 - 2014) Egypt Sudanese diplomats (1995 - 1995) Egypt Sudanese refugees (2004 - 2005) Egypt Suez Canal Authority (2006 - 2006) Egypt Suicide bomber (2013 - 2013) Egypt

401 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Suicide bomber and female relatives (2005 - 2005) Egypt Suicide bombers (2013 - 2013) Egypt Sunni Muslim mob (2013 - 2013) Egypt Superior Court (2013 - 2013) Egypt Supporters of draft constitution (2012 - 2012) Egypt Supporters of former Mubarak Vice President Omar Suleiman (2012 - 2012) Egypt Supporters of Hosni Mubarak (2012 - 2012) Egypt Supreme Constitutional Court (2012 - 2012) Egypt Supreme Court (2015 - 2015) Egypt Supreme Presidential Elec- tion Comission (2012 - 2012) Egypt Suspect in April 7 bomb attack and his female relatives (2005 - 2005) Egypt Suspected car thief (2013 - 2013) Egypt Suspected Coptic Chris- tian child molester (2013 - 2013) Egypt Suspected Islamists (2013 - 2013) Egypt Suspected military supporters (2012 - 2012) Egypt Suspected murderer (2013 - 2013) Egypt Suspected murderer and rapist (2013 - 2013) Egypt Suspected pro-Islamist businesses (2013 - 2013) Egypt

402 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Suspected thieves (2013 - 2013) Egypt Synagogue (2010 - 2010) Egypt Syria (2012 - 2012) Egypt Syrian Embassy (2012 - 2012) Egypt Syrians (2012 - 2012) Egypt Tamarod activists (2013 - 2013) Egypt Tamarod movement (2013 - 2013) Egypt Tamarrod opposition campaign oﬃces (2013 - 2013) Egypt Tarek al-Zomor (2004 - 2004) Egypt Tawhid wal Jihad (2006 - 2006) Egypt Taxi drivers (1998 - 2013) Egypt Taxi Drivers (2014 - 2014) Egypt Teachers (2011 - 2011) Egypt Terrorists (2015 - 2015) Egypt Textile Holding Company (2014 - 2014) Egypt Textile Management (2012 - 2012) Egypt Textile workers (1994 - 2012) Egypt Textile Workers (2012 - 2012) Egypt The Uprising of Women in the Arab World (2013 - 2013) Egypt Three bearded men (2012 - 2012) Egypt Tomislav Salopek Croat- ian foreigner (2015 - 2015) Egypt Tour guides (2012 - 2012) Egypt

403 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Tour Guides (2012 - 2012) Egypt Tourist attraction (2015 - 2015) Egypt Tourists (2004 - 2013) Egypt Townspeople of Qalioub (1993 - 1993) Egypt Train (2014 - 2014) Egypt Train drivers (2013 - 2013) Egypt Train Station (2014 - 2014) Egypt Train system (2012 - 2012) Egypt Train tracks (2013 - 2013) Egypt Train workers (2012 - 2012) Egypt Tram tracks (2015 - 2015) Egypt Transitional regime (2012 - 2012) Egypt Transportation workers (2012 - 2012) Egypt Tribesman (2012 - 2012) Egypt Troops (2012 - 2013) Egypt Truck and minibus drivers (2013 - 2013) Egypt Truckers (2009 - 2009) Egypt TV complex (2012 - 2012) Egypt U.S. government (1998 - 2012) Egypt U.S. President George W. Bush (2008 - 2008) Egypt U.S. tourists (2012 - 2012) Egypt U.S. tourists and their Egyptian guide (2012 - 2012) Egypt Ukrainian sailors (1993 - 1993) Egypt

404 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Ultraconservative citizens (2012 - 2012) Egypt Ultraconservative Muslims (2012 - 2012) Egypt Ultras (2013 - 2013) Egypt Ultras Al-Ahly (2013 - 2013) Egypt Ultras Devils club protesters (2013 - 2013) Egypt Unemployed graduates (2001 - 2001) Egypt Unidentified Assailants (2014 - 2014) Egypt Unidentified Gunmen (2014 - 2014) Egypt Unidentified Man (2014 - 2015) Egypt Unidentified Militants (2014 - 2014) Egypt United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (2004 - 2005) Egypt United States (2004 - 2013) Egypt United States and its NATO allies (2001 - 2001) Egypt University (2013 - 2013) Egypt University Dean (2015 - 2015) Egypt University student and his girlfriend (2012 - 2012) Egypt University students (1994 - 2008) Egypt Unknown (1990 - 2015) Egypt Unknown assailant (2015 - 2015) Egypt Unknown assailants (2005 - 2015) Egypt Unknown Assailants (2014 - 2014) Egypt

405 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unknown attackers (2011 - 2011) Egypt Unknown bombers (2009 - 2011) Egypt Unknown gunmen (2013 - 2013) Egypt Unknown Gunmen (2015 - 2015) Egypt Unknown killer (2012 - 2012) Egypt Unknown killers of 2 Cop- tic Christians (2012 - 2012) Egypt Unknown Militant (2015 - 2015) Egypt Unknown Militants (2014 - 2015) Egypt Unspeciﬁed (2013 - 2013) Egypt US Embassy (2012 - 2012) Egypt US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton (2012 - 2012) Egypt US tourists and their guide (2012 - 2012) Egypt Victims of deadly rockslide (2008 - 2008) Egypt Villagers (1996 - 2013) Egypt Villagers of Abu Daud (1995 - 1995) Egypt Villagers of San Saft (1995 - 1995) Egypt Warehouse workers (2013 - 2013) Egypt Wives and children of detained Muslim Brother- hood members (2008 - 2008) Egypt Wives of three Islamist journalists (2000 - 2000) Egypt Woman (2012 - 2012) Egypt

406 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Women (2010 - 2015) Egypt Women activists (2013 - 2013) Egypt Women citizens (2012 - 2012) Egypt Workers (2012 - 2014) Egypt World Economic Forum (2006 - 2006) Egypt Worshippers (2013 - 2013) Egypt Writers/Intellectuals (1994 - 1994) Egypt Youth Activist Groups (2012 - 2012) Egypt Youth Activists (2014 - 2014) Egypt Youth Center (2015 - 2015) Egypt Youth group (2012 - 2012) Egypt Youths (2013 - 2013) Egypt Zamalek fans (2013 - 2013) Egypt Zamalek football club fans (2015 - 2015) Egypt

5.16 Eritrea

Government Challenger Civilian Other Ethiopian government EIJM - AS (1997 - 2003) Citizens (1999 - 2004) Er- Aid workers (2003 - 2003) (1998 - 1998) Eritrea Eritrea itrea Eritrea Ethiopian National De- EPLF (1993 - 1993) Eritrea Civilians (2009 - 2009) Er- Detained journalists (2002 fense Force (2012 - 2012) itrea - 2002) Eritrea Eritrea Government (1993 - 2013) Red Sea Afars Democratic Political leaders (2013 - Eritrea Organisation (2010 - 2010) 2013) Eritrea Eritrea Military (2012 - 2012) Er- Soldiers (2010 - 2013) Er- itrea itrea Police (2004 - 2004) Eritrea Students (1999 - 1999) Er- itrea United Nations (2000 - 2000) Eritrea

407 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other University students (1998 - 2001) Eritrea Unknown attackers (2003 - 2009) Eritrea

5.17 Ethiopia

Government Challenger Civilian Other Alternative Council of al-Itahad al-Islami (1995 - Citizens (2010 - 2012) anti-war demonstrators the Forces of Peace and 1999) Ethiopia Ethiopia (1991 - 1991) Ethiopia Democracy (1994 - 1994) Ethiopia ARDUF (1996 - 1996) Al-Itihad Al-Islamiya Civilians (1997 - 2008) Anuak militants (2006 - Ethiopia (2008 - 2008) Ethiopia Ethiopia 2006) Ethiopia Blue Party opposition ALF (1989 - 1989) civilians (2014 - 2014) Anuak tribe (2002 - 2004) group (2013 - 2013) Ethiopia Ethiopia Ethiopia Ethiopia central government (1990 - Amhara militia (1991 - Armed men (2000 - 2000) 2014) Ethiopia 1991) Ethiopia Ethiopia Central Government (2012 demonstrators (1991 - Attackers (2013 - 2013) - 2015) Ethiopia 2000) Ethiopia Ethiopia city oﬃcials (2006 - 2006) EPLF (1964 - 1976) Austrian tourists (2013 - Ethiopia Ethiopia 2013) Ethiopia Coalition for Unity and Mariam government (1992 Bandits (2002 - 2013) Democracy (2005 - 2005) - 1992) Ethiopia Ethiopia Ethiopia Eritrean government (2011 OLF (1987 - 1998) bank workers (1991 - 1991) - 2011) Ethiopia Ethiopia Ethiopia Ethiopian People’s Revolu- ONLF (1994 - 2004) Borana tribe (2007 - 2007) tionary Democratic Front Ethiopia Ethiopia (2005 - 2005) Ethiopia Government-sponsored Oromo militia (1991 - Borana Tribe (2012 - 2012) march (2011 - 2011) 1991) Ethiopia Ethiopia Ethiopia Government (1964 - 2015) Oromo protesters (2015 - Borena clan (2006 - 2006) Ethiopia 2015) Ethiopia Ethiopia government oﬃcials (2005 - protesters (2006 - 2015) Bus (2013 - 2013) Ethiopia 2005) Ethiopia Ethiopia Military (2012 - 2012) rebel government (1991 - Christians (2006 - 2006) Ethiopia 1991) Ethiopia Ethiopia Ogaden National Libera- Rebels (2012 - 2012) college students (1993 - tion Front (2010 - 2010) Ethiopia 1993) Ethiopia Ethiopia Opposition party activists Doctors without Borders (2010 - 2010) Ethiopia (2000 - 2000) Ethiopia

408 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other opposition party members Egyptian Pres. Hosni (2002 - 2002) Ethiopia Mubarak (1995 - 1995) Ethiopia police (1999 - 2006) Eritrea Immigrants (2015 - Ethiopia 2015) Ethiopia Police (2012 - 2015) Eritrean exiles (2011 - Ethiopia 2011) Ethiopia pro-government supporters Eritrean Refugees (2013 - (2005 - 2005) Ethiopia 2013) Ethiopia regional government (2002 Ethiopian Orthodox - 2002) Ethiopia Church (2007 - 2007) Ethiopia Zenawi supporters (1992 - Ethiopians (1996 - 1998) 1992) Ethiopia Ethiopia ethnic Somali clan (1992 - 1992) Ethiopia Foreign embassy staﬀ (2006 - 2006) Ethiopia Foreign oil workers (2010 - 2010) Ethiopia Foreign tourists (1997 - 1997) Ethiopia Foreigners (2002 - 2002) Ethiopia former independence ﬁght- ers (1993 - 1993) Ethiopia French researcher (1996 - 1996) Ethiopia Gabra tribe (2007 - 2007) Ethiopia Garri Tribe (2012 - 2012) Ethiopia German tourist (1996 - 1996) Ethiopia Guji clan (2006 - 2006) Ethiopia Gunmen (2006 - 2010) Ethiopia highland Ethiopians (2004 - 2004) Ethiopia Islamic youth (2006 - 2006) Ethiopia Issa militia (1991 - 1991) Ethiopia Italian colonialists (1996 - 1996) Ethiopia

409 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other journalists (2000 - 2000) Ethiopia Marehan clan (2006 - 2006) Ethiopia market traders (2006 - 2006) Ethiopia Mosque (2015 - 2015) Ethiopia Muslim protesters (2013 - 2014) Ethiopia Muslims (2006 - 2012) Ethiopia Nuer tribe (2002 - 2002) Ethiopia Opposition candidate (2010 - 2010) Ethiopia opposition supporters (2004 - 2008) Ethiopia Oromo ethnic group (2005 - 2005) Ethiopia refugee camps (2002 - 2002) Ethiopia Saudi Arabia (2013 - 2013) Ethiopia Shuluk tribe (2002 - 2002) Ethiopia Soldiers (2010 - 2010) Ethiopia Somali ethnic group (2005 - 2005) Ethiopia South African tourists (2002 - 2002) Ethiopia students (1990 - 2014) Ethiopia Suleiman clan (2006 - 2006) Ethiopia taxi drivers (1998 - 2005) Ethiopia truckers (2006 - 2006) Ethiopia unidentiﬁed gunmen (2014 - 2014) Ethiopia United Nations (1993 - 2000) Ethiopia university oﬃcials (2007 - 2007) Ethiopia

410 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other unknown (1995 - 2005) Ethiopia Unknown (2012 - 2015) Ethiopia Unknown attackers (1994 - 2010) Ethiopia Unknown bombers (2010 - 2010) Ethiopia Unknown gunmen (2010 - 2010) Ethiopia US diplomats (1994 - 1994) Ethiopia voters (2000 - 2000) Ethiopia women (2001 - 2001) Ethiopia

5.18 Gabon

Government Challenger Civilian Other Andre Mba Obame (2009 - anti-government rioters Air-Gabon workers (1994 - 2009) Gabon (1990 - 1990) Gabon 1994) Gabon Anti-riot police (2013 - Bongo Must Go (2009 - air traﬃc controllers (1990 2013) Gabon 2009) Gabon - 2008) Gabon central government (1990 - Bruno Ben Moubamba Armed men (2012 - 2012) 2008) Gabon (2009 - 2009) Gabon Gabon Central Government (2015 demonstrators (2006 - ASECNA (2008 - 2008) - 2015) Gabon 2008) Gabon Gabon civil servants (1998 - 1999) Jean Ping (2015 - 2015) Association for the Fight Gabon Gabon against Ritual Crimes (2013 - 2013) Gabon Defense minister Ali Ben protesters (2008 - 2008) Benin’s embassy in Gabon Bongo (2009 - 2009) Gabon Gabon (2015 - 2015) Gabon Friends of Bongo Move- Protesters (2009 - 2013) Conasysed (teacher’s ment (1995 - 1995) Gabon Gabon union) (2009 - 2009) Gabon Government (1999 - 2014) Rebels (1999 - 1999) Conasysed leaders (2011 - Gabon Gabon 2011) Gabon Pierre Mamboundou, op- rioters (1994 - 1994) Gabon doctors (2008 - 2008) position leader (2005 - Gabon 2005) Gabon police (2004 - 2004) Gabon Electoral commission (2009 - 2009) Gabon Police (2015 - 2015) Gabon Enough is Enough (2012 - 2012) Gabon

411 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Pro-Pierre Mamboundou French government (1995 - supporters (2009 - 2009) 1995) Gabon Gabon Rev. Mba Abessole, oppo- French non-governmental sition leader (1994 - 1994) groups (2008 - 2008) Gabon Gabon secutiry forces (2006 - Gabonese People’s Union 2006) Gabon (2006 - 2006) Gabon Go Africa TV channel (2009 - 2009) Gabon hired thugs (2001 - 2001) Gabon Masked gunmen (2009 - 2009) Gabon Mouila residents (2001 - 2001) Gabon Municipal workers (2010 - 2010) Gabon National Communications Council (2012 - 2012) Gabon National Organisation of Petroleum Employees (2010 - 2010) Gabon National Union (2012 - 2012) Gabon Oil reﬁnery employees (2013 - 2013) Gabon Oil tanker (2013 - 2013) Gabon oil workers (2008 - 2008) Gabon Omar Bongo University (2012 - 2012) Gabon ONEP oil workers union (2011 - 2011) Gabon Opposition (2014 - 2014) Gabon opposition supporters (1993 - 2005) Gabon Opposition Supporters (2012 - 2015) Gabon Pirates (2013 - 2013) Gabon Prisoners (2009 - 2009) Gabon

412 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Shell Company (2008 - 2008) Gabon soccer fans (1991 - 1991) Gabon Sogara reﬁnery (2013 - 2013) Gabon students (1990 - 2005) Gabon Students (2010 - 2014) Gabon Supporters of the opposition (2011 - 2011) Gabon Sylvia Bongo Ondimba (2013 - 2013) Gabon SYNAPS (public health sector union) (2009 - 2009) Gabon Teachers’ Union (2015 - 2015) Gabon teachers (1991 - 2003) Gabon Teachers (2008 - 2013) Gabon trade union members (1994 - 1994) Gabon troops (1994 - 1994) Gabon TV+ Station (2012 - 2012) Gabon unemployed people (1990 - 1990) Gabon university professors (2000 - 2000) Gabon unknown (2004 - 2004) Gabon villagers (2004 - 2004) Gabon voters (1998 - 1998) Gabon workers (1991 - 1991) Gabon youth (1993 - 1993) Gabon youths (2005 - 2005) Gabon Youths (2015 - 2015) Gabon

413 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Zairean soccer team and fans (1991 - 1991) Gabon

5.19 Ghana

Government Challenger Civilian Other Central Government (2015 Ga youth (2001 - 2001) Abudu clan (Dagomba eth- - 2015) Ghana Ghana nicity) (2002 - 2003) Ghana Five opposition parties Opposition protesters Air traffice controllers (1999 - 1999) Ghana (1992 - 1992) Ghana (1997 - 1997) Ghana Government (1991 - 2008) Protesters (2000 - 2000) Al-Sunni Muslims (1997 - Ghana Ghana 1998) Ghana Government Forces (2012 - Alleged penis shrinkers 2012) Ghana (1997 - 1997) Ghana Government supporters Alliance for Change (1995 - (2000 - 2000) Ghana 1995) Ghana Incumbent supporters Andani clan (Dagomba (2009 - 2009) Ghana ethnics) (2002 - 2003) Ghana Local government (1996 - Angry mob (1997 - 1998) 1996) Ghana Ghana NDC militants (2000 - Armed mob (1998 - 1998) 2000) Ghana Ghana NDC militants (Kusasis) Ashanti Goldfields man- (2000 - 2000) Ghana agement (1999 - 1999) Ghana NDC supporters (2008 - Ashanti Goldfields mine 2008) Ghana (2000 - 2000) Ghana New Patriotic Party (NPP) Ashanti Goldfields workers (2015 - 2015) Ghana (1999 - 1999) Ghana NPP militants (2000 - Ashanti king (1999 - 1999) 2000) Ghana Ghana NPP militants (alleged) Ashanti tribespersons (2008 - 2008) Ghana (1996 - 1996) Ghana NPP militants (Mampru- Association of Financial sis) (2000 - 2000) Ghana Institutions workers (1991 - 1991) Ghana NPP Office (2012 - 2012) Ballot registration (2008 - Ghana 2008) Ghana NPP supporters (2000 - Bandits (2013 - 2013) 2000) Ghana Ghana NPP Supporters (2012 - Brong youths (1996 - 1996) 2012) Ghana Ghana Police (2001 - 2015) Ghana Chinese miner (2013 - 2013) Ghana

414 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Policemen (1997 - 1997) Christ Apostolic Church Ghana (2001 - 2001) Ghana Supporters of President Christian Fanti soccer fans Jerry Rawlings’ National (1999 - 1999) Ghana Democratic Congress (1996 - 1996) Ghana Supporters of the Grand Civil Servants Association Alliance coalition of the (1995 - 1995) Ghana New Patriotic Party (NPP) and the People’s Conven- tion Party (PCP) (1996 - 1996) Ghana Vice-President Kow Dagombas (1995 - 1995) Arkaah’s National Conven- Ghana tion Party (NCP) (1995 - 1995) Ghana Village chieftan Nano Abi- Diamond miners (1997 - abo (1998 - 1998) Ghana 1997) Ghana Youth wing of former mil- Doctors (2015 - 2015) itary ruler Jerry Rawl- Ghana ings’ National Democratic Congress party (2001 - 2001) Ghana Election (2012 - 2012) Ghana Electoral Commission headquarters (2008 - 2008) Ghana Families of soccer fans (2001 - 2001) Ghana Foreigners (Liberians, Nigerians) (1998 - 1998) Ghana Ghana Airways (2002 - 2002) Ghana Ghana Airways pilots (2002 - 2002) Ghana Ghana Union Traders As- sociation (GUTA) (2000 - 2000) Ghana Ghanans (1992 - 1992) Ghana Gold ﬁeld workers (2013 - 2013) Ghana Gold Fields company (2013 - 2013) Ghana

415 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Gonja tribesmen (1991 - 1991) Ghana Gonjas (1992 - 1992) Ghana Guards of a chieftancy faction (1999 - 1999) Ghana Hospitals (2001 - 2001) Ghana Illegal mineworkers (2000 - 2000) Ghana Independent Media Corpo- ration of Ghana (IMCG) (1994 - 1994) Ghana Jerry Rawlings (2003 - 2003) Ghana Journalists (1998 - 1998) Ghana Junior doctors (1998 - 1998) Ghana Junior paramedics (1999 - 1999) Ghana Kokombas (1994 - 1995) Ghana Kokombas, Nanumbas (1995 - 1995) Ghana Konkombas (1995 - 1995) Ghana Kusasi militants (2001 - 2008) Ghana Kwesi Pratt (2008 - 2008) Ghana Mamprusi militants (2001 - 2008) Ghana Methodist Christians (1995 - 1995) Ghana Muslim radicals (1995 - 1995) Ghana Muslim Zongo soccer fans (1999 - 1999) Ghana Nanumbas (1994 - 1994) Ghana National Union of Ghana Students (1995 - 1995) Ghana Nawuri tribesmen (1991 - 1991) Ghana

416 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Nawuris (1992 - 1992) Ghana NUGS (National Union of Ghana Students) (1991 - 1991) Ghana Nurses at the Korle Bu teaching hospital (1992 - 1992) Ghana Opposition supporters (2000 - 2009) Ghana Polling station (2000 - 2000) Ghana Prisoners (2015 - 2015) Ghana Public Sector Workers Union (1995 - 1995) Ghana Referee (1995 - 1995) Ghana Rowlings Park shopping area (2012 - 2012) Ghana Secondary school students (1991 - 1991) Ghana Slum dwellers (2015 - 2015) Ghana Soccer fans (1995 - 2001) Ghana Staﬀ of Ghana’s Cocoa Marketing Board (COCO- BOD) (1993 - 1993) Ghana Students Representative Council (1999 - 1999) Ghana Supreme Court (2000 - 2000) Ghana Taxi drivers (1996 - 1996) Ghana Teachers and Educational Workers Union (1999 - 1999) Ghana Tijaniya Muslims (1997 - 1998) Ghana Togolese government (1991 - 1991) Ghana Togolese students (1991 - 1991) Ghana

417 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Twarka Secondary School (1991 - 1991) Ghana Unidentiﬁed man (2015 - 2015) Ghana Unidentiﬁed people (2015 - 2015) Ghana Universities (1999 - 2000) Ghana University (1998 - 1998) Ghana University administration (1998 - 1998) Ghana University of Ghana (1999 - 1999) Ghana University of Ghana president (1999 - 1999) Ghana University of Ghana, the University of Science and Technology, and the Uni- versity of Cape Coast lecturers (1994 - 1995) Ghana University of Ghana, the University of Science and Technology, and the Uni- versity of Cape Coast students (1994 - 1994) Ghana University students (1995 - 1999) Ghana University Teachers’ Asso- ciation of Ghana (UTAG) (2000 - 2000) Ghana Unknown (2004 - 2008) Ghana Unknown Attackers (2012 - 2012) Ghana Villagers (1999 - 1999) Ghana Workers (2015 - 2015) Ghana Yvonne Nelson (2015 - 2015) Ghana

5.20 Guinea

418 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Alpha Conde (2015 - 2015) Anti-government demon- Citizens (1993 - 2010) Camara (2015 - 2015) Guinea strators (2013 - 2013) Guinea Guinea Guinea Army soldiers (2007 - 2007) Dadis Must Go Movement Civilians (2013 - 2013) African Cup of Nations Guinea (2009 - 2009) Guinea Guinea (2015 - 2015) Guinea central government (2014 - Demonstrators (2013 - African Union (2009 - 2014) Guinea 2013) Guinea 2009) Guinea Central Government (2015 Opposition movement angry crowd (2014 - 2014) - 2015) Guinea (2015 - 2015) Guinea Guinea Democratic Forces of Opposition Protesters angry mob (2014 - 2014) Guinea Party (2004 - (2012 - 2012) Guinea Guinea 2004) Guinea Government (1991 - 2013) Protesters (2012 - 2013) Angry youths (2013 - 2013) Guinea Guinea Guinea Government supporters Rebel soldiers (1996 - 1996) Armed men (2002 - 2013) (2013 - 2013) Guinea Guinea Guinea Military forces (2011 - RFDG (2000 - 2000) Asmaou Barry (2015 - 2011) Guinea Guinea 2015) Guinea Opposition candidate Rock throwing protesters Attackers (2013 - 2013) (2009 - 2009) Guinea (2013 - 2013) Guinea Guinea opposition party (2014 - Unidentiﬁed protesters Automobile spare parts 2014) Guinea (2015 - 2015) Guinea salesmen (2013 - 2013) Guinea Police (1998 - 2015) Guinea youth protesters (2014 - Banker (2009 - 2009) 2014) Guinea Guinea police (2014 - 2014) Guinea Bauxite miners (2011 - 2011) Guinea Political supporters of the Bollore (2011 - 2011) President (1998 - 1998) Guinea Guinea President Alpha Conde Celestino Okenve (2015 - (2011 - 2011) Guinea 2015) Guinea President Camara (2009 - Conakry residents (2014 - 2009) Guinea 2014) Guinea Prison Governor (2015 - Court personnel (2009 - 2015) Guinea 2009) Guinea Rally for Guinean People Crime (2012 - 2012) Headquarters (2012 - 2012) Guinea Guinea Rally of the Guinean Peo- crowd of locals (2014 - ple party (2013 - 2013) 2014) Guinea Guinea Regional authorities (2011 Doctors (2008 - 2008) - 2011) Guinea Guinea Regional government (2006 doctors (2014 - 2014) - 2006) Guinea Guinea

419 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Riot Police (2015 - 2015) Election Corruption (2012 Guinea - 2012) Guinea Ruling party supporters Election Officials (2012 - (2010 - 2010) Guinea 2012) Guinea Security forces (2013 - Electoral Commission 2013) Guinea (2012 - 2012) Guinea Supporters of Alpha Conde Electric company (2006 - (2015 - 2015) Guinea 2006) Guinea Supporters of Cellou Electricity/water outages Dalein Diallo (2013 - 2015) (2012 - 2012) Guinea Guinea UFDG (2011 - 2011) Food sellers (2013 - 2013) Guinea Guinea UFDG party (2013 - 2013) Football match power out- Guinea ages (2012 - 2012) Guinea Union of Democratic Friguia Refinery Employ- Forces of Guinea (2013 - ees (2012 - 2012) Guinea 2013) Guinea Funeral mourners (2013 - 2013) Guinea Ghana ambassador (2009 - 2009) Guinea Guerze Christians (2010 - 2010) Guinea Guerze tribe (2013 - 2013) Guinea Guinea Bauxite Company (2011 - 2011) Guinea Guinean-Lebanese citizens (2006 - 2006) Guinea Guinean Bauxite Company (2012 - 2012) Guinea Guinean lawyers (2007 - 2007) Guinea Guinean miner’s wives (2006 - 2006) Guinea Guinean youths (2007 - 2007) Guinea Guinian soccer organizers (2015 - 2015) Guinea Gunmen (2000 - 2000) Guinea health delegation (including health officials and journalists) (2014 - 2014) Guinea

420 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other health workers (including regional hospital and UNICEF workers) (2014 - 2014) Guinea Healthcare professionals (1999 - 1999) Guinea Home soccer team fans (2015 - 2015) Guinea Israel (2006 - 2006) Guinea Kissien (2012 - 2012) Guinea Konianke tribespeople (2013 - 2013) Guinea Kpeles (2011 - 2011) Guinea Lawmakers (2015 - 2015) Guinea Lawyers (2009 - 2010) Guinea Malinke (2012 - 2012) Guinea Malinke Muslims (2010 - 2010) Guinea Malinkes (2011 - 2011) Guinea market stall workers (2014 - 2014) Guinea Men in uniform (2013 - 2013) Guinea Mining company (2008 - 2008) Guinea MSF/Doctors without Borders (2014 - 2014) Guinea MSF/Doctors without Borders clinic (2014 - 2014) Guinea Neighborhoods (2013 - 2013) Guinea Opposition activist supporters (2013 - 2013) Guinea Opposition group (2015 - 2015) Guinea Opposition supporters (1998 - 2013) Guinea

421 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Opposition Supporters (2012 - 2015) Guinea Peul (2012 - 2012) Guinea Peul Christians (2010 - 2010) Guinea Polling station (2013 - 2013) Guinea Polling stations (1993 - 1993) Guinea Port worker’s union (2011 - 2011) Guinea Prisoners (2015 - 2015) Guinea Privately-owned radio stations (2013 - 2013) Guinea Radio station (2013 - 2013) Guinea Rainbow party headquarters (2014 - 2014) Guinea Red Cross burial team (2014 - 2014) Guinea Residents of Dar-es-Salaam (2015 - 2015) Guinea Rusal (2012 - 2012) Guinea Secondary school students (2001 - 2001) Guinea secondary school students (2014 - 2014) Guinea Soccer fans (2015 - 2015) Guinea Soldiers (2008 - 2013) Guinea Students (2004 - 2012) Guinea Supporters of Sadio Diallo (2015 - 2015) Guinea Teacher Firing (2012 - 2012) Guinea Teachers (1991 - 2003) Guinea Total (2007 - 2007) Guinea Toure supporters (2010 - 2010) Guinea Traders (2007 - 2007) Guinea

422 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Troops (2009 - 2009) Guinea UN employee (2000 - 2000) Guinea United Nations (2009 - 2009) Guinea Vale Mining Company (2012 - 2012) Guinea Villagers (2011 - 2012) Guinea villagers (2014 - 2014) Guinea Voters (2013 - 2013) Guinea Waymark (2012 - 2012) Guinea Women (2012 - 2012) Guinea Young citizen (2013 - 2013) Guinea Youths (2009 - 2013) Guinea youths (2014 - 2014) Guinea

5.21 Gambia

Government Challenger Civilian Other Alliance for Patriotic Gambian citizens (2007 - Enviromental activists Reorientation and Recon- 2007) Gambia (2015 - 2015) Gambia struction Party (ruling party) (2001 - 2001) Gambia Government (2002 - 2014) Gambia Bar Association Gambia (2002 - 2004) Gambia Military (Provisional Gambia Press Union (2012 Council of the Armed - 2012) Gambia Forces) (1994 - 1994) Gambia National Intelligence Gambia Students Union Agency (2012 - 2012) (2000 - 2000) Gambia Gambia Police (2003 - 2003) Gam- Gambian football fans bia (2003 - 2003) Gambia Police Forces (2000 - 2007) Gambian independent me- Gambia dia (2004 - 2004) Gambia

423 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other President Sir Dawda Journalist (2013 - 2013) Jawara (1994 - 1994) Gambia Gambia Security Force Members Junta led by Lt. Yayah (2015 - 2015) Gambia Jammeh (1994 - 1994) Gambia Security oﬃcials (2013 - Liberian refugees (2004 - 2013) Gambia 2004) Gambia United Democratic Party Military (1994 - 1994) supporters (opposition) Gambia (2001 - 2001) Gambia Yahya Jammeh (2015 - Opposition leader Lamin 2015) Gambia Waa Juwara (2003 - 2003) Gambia Sand mining businesses (2015 - 2015) Gambia Senegalese immigrants (2003 - 2003) Gambia Soldiers (2014 - 2014) Gambia United Nations oﬃce (2004 - 2004) Gambia

5.22 Guinea-Bissau

Government Challenger Civilian Other army headquarters (2001 - coup supporters (2003 - Citizens (2010 - 2010) armed men (2005 - 2005) 2001) Guinea-Bissau 2003) Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau central government (1995 - faction of separatist Balantes (2000 - 2000) 2008) Guinea-Bissau Casamance movement Guinea-Bissau (2001 - 2001) Guinea- Bissau civil servants (2003 - 2006) former Pres. Yala (2003 - civil rights groups (2001 - Guinea-Bissau 2005) Guinea-Bissau 2001) Guinea-Bissau Colonel Samba Diallo insurgents (2000 - 2000) Former prime minister (2012 - 2012) Guinea- Guinea-Bissau Jose Fadul (2009 - 2009) Bissau Guinea-Bissau Government (1998 - 2011) Junta (2012 - 2012) Guinea Bissau National Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau Workers’ Union (2012 - 2012) Guinea-Bissau government buildings Military Coup (2012 - Guinean Consumer Associ- (2005 - 2005) Guinea- 2012) Guinea-Bissau ation (2011 - 2011) Guinea- Bissau Bissau

424 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other government workers (2006 Military Junta for the Con- Health workers (2011 - - 2006) Guinea-Bissau solidation of Democracy, 2011) Guinea-Bissau Peace and Justice (1998 - 1998) Guinea-Bissau military (2000 - 2004) Ninja soldiers (2001 - 2001) industrial workers (2006 - Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau 2006) Guinea-Bissau Military (2012 - 2012) Pansau N’Tchama (2012 - judges (2001 - 2001) Guinea-Bissau 2012) Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau Military chief of staﬀ protesters (2007 - 2007) lawmaker from PAIGC Batiste Tagme na Waie Guinea-Bissau party (2014 - 2014) (2009 - 2009) Guinea- Guinea-Bissau Bissau Military forces (2009 - Protesters (2012 - 2012) Mandinges (2000 - 2000) 2009) Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau Opposition parties (2011 - rival faction of separatist Mob (2013 - 2013) Guinea- 2011) Guinea-Bissau Casmance movement (2001 Bissau - 2001) Guinea-Bissau police (2005 - 2005) Yala supporters (2005 - National Elections Com- Guinea-Bissau 2005) Guinea-Bissau mission (2012 - 2012) Guinea-Bissau Police (2011 - 2011) National Workers’ Union Guinea-Bissau members (1995 - 2001) Guinea-Bissau President Joao Bernardo none (2005 - 2005) Guinea- Vieira (2009 - 2009) Bissau Guinea-Bissau President Malam Bacai nurses (2006 - 2006) Sanha (2011 - 2011) Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau Presidential militia (2009 - opposition members (2001 2009) Guinea-Bissau - 2001) Guinea-Bissau Prime Minister (2010 - Political opponents (2009 - 2010) Guinea-Bissau 2009) Guinea-Bissau Red Beret Barracks (2012 - public workers (2006 - 2012) Guinea-Bissau 2006) Guinea-Bissau Ruling Party HQ (2012 - soldiers (1999 - 2014) 2012) Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau Sanha supporters (2005 - Soldiers (2010 - 2011) 2005) Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau state employees (1997 - students (2001 - 2005) 2003) Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau Vieira supporters (2005 - Suspected kidnappers 2005) Guinea-Bissau (2013 - 2013) Guinea- Bissau Taxi drivers union (2011 - 2011) Guinea-Bissau

425 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other teachers (2001 - 2008) Guinea-Bissau union members (2001 - 2001) Guinea-Bissau utility workers (2003 - 2003) Guinea-Bissau Yala protesters (2005 - 2005) Guinea-Bissau Yala rivals (2005 - 2005) Guinea-Bissau youth (2005 - 2005) Guinea-Bissau Youth Activits (2012 - 2012) Guinea-Bissau youths (1999 - 1999) Guinea-Bissau

5.23 Guatemala

Government Challenger Civilian Other Anti-Espina protestors Alliance Against Impunity Civilians (1992 - 2012) A gang of thieves (1999 - (1993 - 1993) Guatemala (2003 - 2003) Guatemala Guatemala 1999) Guatemala Army forces (2009 - 2009) Anti-government Accused criminal (2000 - Guatemala protesters (2009 - 2009) 2009) Guatemala Guatemala Army post (2012 - 2012) Deputy secretary-general Accused criminals (1993 - Guatemala of the National Revolu- 2009) Guatemala tionary Movement (MNR) (1990 - 1990) Guatemala Army troops (1997 - 1997) Efrain Rios Montt sup- Accused kidnapper (2009 - Guatemala porters (2003 - 2013) 2009) Guatemala Guatemala City government (2000 - Opposition protesters Accused murderers (2002 - 2000) Guatemala (2002 - 2002) Guatemala 2002) Guatemala City police (1997 - 1997) Protesters (1994 - 2012) Accused rapists (2000 - Guatemala Guatemala 2000) Guatemala Civil Defense Patrol (1993 Accused robber (2002 - - 1993) Guatemala 2009) Guatemala Congress (1996 - 1996) Accused robbers (2001 - Guatemala 2006) Guatemala Constitutional Court Accused thieves (2005 - president (1994 - 1994) 2011) Guatemala Guatemala Democratic Front of New Accused witches (2002 - Guatemala (1999 - 1999) 2002) Guatemala Guatemala

426 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Efrain Rios Montt (2003 - Aid workers (1998 - 1998) 2003) Guatemala Guatemala Federal deputy (1990 - Air traﬃc controllers (2002 1990) Guatemala - 2005) Guatemala Federal judge (2005 - 2005) Alleged band of robbers Guatemala (2005 - 2005) Guatemala Federal prosecutor (2005 - Alleged death squads (2000 2012) Guatemala - 2000) Guatemala Government (1992 - 2013) Alleged gangs (2000 - 2000) Guatemala Guatemala Government workers (1994 American activist (1994 - - 1994) Guatemala 1994) Guatemala Governor of Solola (2006 - American aid worker (1995 2006) Guatemala - 1995) Guatemala Judge (2003 - 2003) American college students Guatemala (1998 - 1998) Guatemala Legislator (1993 - 1993) American hotel owner Guatemala (2001 - 2001) Guatemala Local government (1995 - American human rights in- 1995) Guatemala vestigator (2001 - 2001) Guatemala Local judge (2001 - 2001) American nun (2001 - Guatemala 2001) Guatemala Local mayor (2002 - 2007) American tourist (1994 - Guatemala 2008) Guatemala Local police (2001 - 2009) American volunteers (2004 Guatemala - 2004) Guatemala Mayor (2012 - 2013) American woman (1994 - Guatemala 1996) Guatemala Mayor of Jalapa (1990 - Angry mob (1996 - 2011) 1990) Guatemala Guatemala Military (1993 - 1993) Angry soccer fans (2002 - Guatemala 2002) Guatemala Military agents (1990 - Angry villagers (2000 - 1990) Guatemala 2007) Guatemala Military police (1997 - Anti-corruption prosecutor 1997) Guatemala (2003 - 2003) Guatemala Municipal government Anti-Escobar protesters (2002 - 2004) Guatemala (2004 - 2004) Guatemala Police (1992 - 2013) Anti-mine protesters (2013 Guatemala - 2013) Guatemala Police oﬃcers (2009 - 2009) Armed bandits (1998 - Guatemala 2008) Guatemala Police station (2003 - 2003) Armed robbers (2006 - Guatemala 2006) Guatemala

427 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other President Alfoso Portillo Artists (2002 - 2002) (2002 - 2002) Guatemala Guatemala President Alvara Arzu Assassination suspects (1996 - 1996) Guatemala (2007 - 2007) Guatemala President Alvaro Colom Assassins (1993 - 1998) (2009 - 2009) Guatemala Guatemala President Jorge Serrano Assistant to a judge (2009 (1993 - 1993) Guatemala - 2009) Guatemala President Oscar Berger Attempted murderers (2007 - 2007) Guatemala (2003 - 2003) Guatemala Presidential palace (1992 - Ball thieves (2002 - 2002) 1992) Guatemala Guatemala Presidential security guard Bishop Juan Gerardi (2007 - 2007) Guatemala Conedera (1998 - 1998) Guatemala Prison (1997 - 2007) Bus drivers (2003 - 2010) Guatemala Guatemala Pro-government protesters Bus passengers (2004 - (2009 - 2009) Guatemala 2004) Guatemala Prosecutor (2002 - 2002) Campaign worker (2007 - Guatemala 2007) Guatemala Regional director of the Candidates for oﬃce (2007 Patriot’s Party (2002 - - 2007) Guatemala 2002) Guatemala Security forces (1990 - Central American Parlia- 2012) Guatemala ment candidates (1990 - 1990) Guatemala Security guards (2013 - Christian Democrat 2013) Guatemala lawmaker (2002 - 2003) Guatemala Supreme court justice Civil war combatants (1996 (2002 - 2002) Guatemala - 1996) Guatemala Climb for Life (2012 - 2012) Guatemala Coﬀee plantations (2002 - 2002) Guatemala Columbus Day (2002 - 2002) Guatemala Criminal (2013 - 2013) Guatemala Daughter of a congressional candidate (2007 - 2007) Guatemala Death squad (2005 - 2005) Guatemala

428 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Doctors (2002 - 2002) Guatemala Domestic violence (2012 - 2012) Guatemala Drug gangs (2013 - 2013) Guatemala Drug traﬃckers (2008 - 2008) Guatemala Education students (2012 - 2012) Guatemala European tourists (2004 - 2004) Guatemala Families of civil war dead (2007 - 2007) Guatemala Farm owners (2002 - 2002) Guatemala Farmers (1999 - 1999) Guatemala Fishermen (2001 - 2001) Guatemala Folk singer (2011 - 2011) Guatemala Foreign tourists (1999 - 1999) Guatemala Former general (2001 - 2001) Guatemala Former paramilitaries (2001 - 2003) Guatemala Former refugees (1995 - 1995) Guatemala French couple (1992 - 1992) Guatemala Gang members (2001 - 2009) Guatemala Gang related gunmen (2009 - 2009) Guatemala Gangs (2005 - 2005) Guatemala German-Danish tourist (2009 - 2009) Guatemala Guatemala City Inter- national Airport (2006 - 2006) Guatemala Guatemalan anthro- pologist (1990 - 1990) Guatemala

429 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Guatemalan drugrunners (2008 - 2008) Guatemala Guatemalan Electric Company (1995 - 1995) Guatemala Guatemalan Trade Union Federation (2002 - 2002) Guatemala Gulf Cartel (2009 - 2009) Guatemala Gunman (2004 - 2004) Guatemala Gunmen (1990 - 2012) Guatemala High school students (2001 - 2001) Guatemala Human rights investigator (2003 - 2003) Guatemala Human rights prosecutor (2003 - 2003) Guatemala Indian activists (2000 - 2000) Guatemala Indian civilians (2000 - 2000) Guatemala Indians (1996 - 2002) Guatemala Indigenous Guatemalans (2012 - 2012) Guatemala Inebriated youths (1997 - 1997) Guatemala Interior Minister (2012 - 2012) Guatemala Jennifer Harbury (1994 - 1995) Guatemala Jorge Carpio Nicole (1993 - 1993) Guatemala Journalist (1993 - 2013) Guatemala Journalists (2003 - 2009) Guatemala Kidnapper (1994 - 1994) Guatemala Kidnappers (1998 - 1998) Guatemala Leftist candidate (2007 - 2007) Guatemala

430 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Local cattle rancher (1995 - 1995) Guatemala Local lawyer (2009 - 2009) Guatemala Los Cholos gang (2003 - 2003) Guatemala Los Zetas (2011 - 2011) Guatemala Lynch mob (1994 - 2004) Guatemala Mara 18 (2005 - 2006) Guatemala Mara 18 members (2005 - 2005) Guatemala Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) (2005 - 2006) Guatemala Mara Salvatrucha members (2006 - 2006) Guatemala Martima company (2001 - 2001) Guatemala Massacre survivors (2001 - 2001) Guatemala Mayan indians (2007 - 2009) Guatemala Mayoral candidate (2007 - 2007) Guatemala McDonalds (1992 - 1992) Guatemala Members of the Mexican Gulf drug cartel (2008 - 2008) Guatemala Migrant farm workers (2011 - 2011) Guatemala Missionaries (2004 - 2004) Guatemala Mob (2012 - 2012) Guatemala Mob of villagers (2007 - 2007) Guatemala Mormon missionaries (1994 - 1994) Guatemala Mormon tour group (2004 - 2004) Guatemala

431 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other National Association of Peasant Organizations (2002 - 2002) Guatemala National Organization of Farmers (2000 - 2000) Guatemala National Organization of Peasants (2001 - 2001) Guatemala Non-gang prisoners (2006 - 2006) Guatemala Opposition lawmaker (2012 - 2012) Guatemala Pandilla 18 gang members (2007 - 2007) Guatemala Paramilitaries (1992 - 2004) Guatemala Peace talks (1994 - 1994) Guatemala Peasants (1992 - 2002) Guatemala Political activists (1990 - 1999) Guatemala Power plant workers (1995 - 1995) Guatemala Prison inmates (1997 - 2008) Guatemala Prison oﬃcials (2005 - 2009) Guatemala Prisoners (2000 - 2001) Guatemala Pro-Escobar supporters (2004 - 2004) Guatemala Public doctors (1994 - 1994) Guatemala Public employees (1993 - 1993) Guatemala Public transport workers (1994 - 1994) Guatemala Ranch employees (2006 - 2006) Guatemala Rightist activist (2007 - 2007) Guatemala Rival gangs (2002 - 2002) Guatemala

432 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Rival prison gangs (2001 - 2005) Guatemala Rival street gangs (2004 - 2004) Guatemala Robbery suspects (1999 - 1999) Guatemala Rural organizations (1994 - 1994) Guatemala Salvadoran members of the Central American Parliament (2007 - 2007) Guatemala Schools (2001 - 2001) Guatemala Senatorial candidate (2003 - 2003) Guatemala Soccer fans (1998 - 1998) Guatemala Soldiers (1990 - 1995) Guatemala Spanish embassy (2001 - 2001) Guatemala Squatters (2004 - 2004) Guatemala Street vendors (2002 - 2003) Guatemala Student protesters (1994 - 1994) Guatemala Students (1992 - 2001) Guatemala Suspected gang members (2005 - 2005) Guatemala Suspected kidnappers (2006 - 2006) Guatemala Suspected MS-13 member (2006 - 2006) Guatemala Suspected rapists (2006 - 2006) Guatemala Swedish embassy guard (1990 - 1990) Guatemala Teachers (2003 - 2007) Guatemala Tourists (2000 - 2000) Guatemala Town councilor candidate (2007 - 2007) Guatemala

433 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Trade unionists (1996 - 1996) Guatemala UN aid worker (1995 - 1995) Guatemala UN building (1995 - 1995) Guatemala Unionists (2003 - 2003) Guatemala Unknown (1990 - 2005) Guatemala Unknown assailants (1990 - 2010) Guatemala Unknown assassins (2002 - 2002) Guatemala Unknown attackers (1999 - 2001) Guatemala Unknown bombers (1992 - 2011) Guatemala Unknown drug gang (2008 - 2008) Guatemala Unknown gunmen (1990 - 2013) Guatemala Unknown kidnappers (1995 - 1996) Guatemala Unknown vigilantes (2005 - 2005) Guatemala US citizen (1990 - 1990) Guatemala US President George W. Bush (2007 - 2007) Guatemala Vendors (2003 - 2003) Guatemala Victims (2013 - 2013) Guatemala Vigilante mob (2013 - 2013) Guatemala Vigilantes (2006 - 2006) Guatemala Villagers (1990 - 2006) Guatemala Voters (2003 - 2003) Guatemala Wealthy family (1994 - 1994) Guatemala

434 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Women (2006 - 2006) Guatemala Workers (1996 - 2004) Guatemala World Trade Organization (2003 - 2003) Guatemala Would-be assassin (1996 - 1996) Guatemala

5.24 Honduras

Government Challenger Civilian Other Attorney General (2009 - Cinchoneros faction (1990 - Civilians (1992 - 2011) Agricultural company em- 2009) Honduras 1990) Honduras Honduras ployees (2012 - 2012) Hon- duras Economy Ministry build- Cinchoneros leader (1990 - Honduran civilians (1998 - Air traffic controllers (1995 ing (1996 - 1996) Honduras 1990) Honduras 1998) Honduras - 1996) Honduras Government (1995 - 2013) Civic Council of Popular American activists (1997 - Honduras and Indigenous Organiza- 1997) Honduras tions of Honduras (2004 - 2004) Honduras Honduran Congress build- Committee of Popular and American expatriot (2001 - ing (1996 - 1996) Honduras Indigenous Organizations 2001) Honduras (1998 - 1998) Honduras Honduran Security Min- Confederation of Indige- American Pacific (1991 - istry (2005 - 2005) Hon- nous Peoples (1999 - 1999) 1991) Honduras duras Honduras Liberal party (2001 - 2005) Indiginous protesters (1997 Anti-globalization Honduras - 1997) Honduras protesters (2003 - 2003) Honduras Mayor of Jocun (2009 - Justa C (1996 - 1996) Hon- Anti-war protesters (2004 - 2009) Honduras duras 2004) Honduras Military (2009 - 2009) Hon- Morazano National Liber- Armed assailants (2012 - duras ation Front (1990 - 1990) 2012) Honduras Honduras National Party (2005 - Popular Bloc (2000 - 2002) Armed men (2012 - 2012) 2005) Honduras Honduras Honduras Nationalist party congres- Popular Resistance Group Armed mob (2008 - 2008) sional candidate (2001 - (2003 - 2003) Honduras Honduras 2001) Honduras Police (1999 - 2013) Hon- Pro-Zelaya protesters Arnulfo Gutierrez (2003 - duras (2009 - 2010) Honduras 2003) Honduras Police officers (2013 - 2013) Protesters (1995 - 2012) Assailants (2012 - 2012) Honduras Honduras Honduras

435 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other President Manual Zelaya Association of Urban (2009 - 2009) Honduras Transport (2004 - 2004) Honduras Prison (1995 - 2007) Hon- Banana workers (1990 - duras 2002) Honduras Prison employees (2008 - Barrio 18 gang (2013 - 2008) Honduras 2013) Honduras Prison guards (2000 - 2001) Brother of the former pres- Honduras ident (2009 - 2009) Hon- duras Pro-government radio sta- CAFTA (2005 - 2006) Hon- tion (2009 - 2009) Hon- duras duras Security forces (2012 - Canadian embassy (2001 - 2012) Honduras 2001) Honduras Supreme Court (2013 - Chiquita Brands Interna- 2013) Honduras tional (1990 - 1994) Hon- duras Supreme Court building Chiquita Brands Interna- (1996 - 2005) Honduras tional Inc (2002 - 2002) Honduras Xiomara Castro (2013 - Chorti (2000 - 2000) Hon- 2013) Honduras duras Christmas shoppers (2003 - 2003) Honduras Coffee farmers (2002 - 2002) Honduras Colombus Day (1997 - 1998) Honduras Committee of People’s and Indian Organizations (1998 - 1998) Honduras Corporacion Dinant (2012 - 2012) Honduras Court building (1996 - 1996) Honduras Criminal gang (2003 - 2008) Honduras Director of the Office for Combatting Drug Traffick- ing (2009 - 2009) Honduras Drug runners (2012 - 2012) Honduras Drug smugglers (2002 - 2002) Honduras

436 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Dutch tourists (2000 - 2000) Honduras Empresa de Telecomunica- ciones (2004 - 2004) Hon- duras European tourists (2002 - 2002) Honduras Farm workers (2012 - 2012) Honduras Farmer’s Way (2012 - 2012) Honduras Farmers (1999 - 1999) Hon- duras Farming activists (2012 - 2012) Honduras Fast food restaurant (1997 - 1997) Honduras Federation of Teaching Or- ganizations of Honduras (2011 - 2011) Honduras Fired miners (1991 - 1991) Honduras Former employees (1998 - 1998) Honduras Gang members (2001 - 2001) Honduras Gay-rights activist (2009 - 2009) Honduras Guatemala (1999 - 1999) Honduras Guerrillas (2011 - 2011) Honduras Gunmen (2012 - 2012) Honduras Honduran soccer fans (1993 - 1993) Honduras Human rights activist (2012 - 2012) Honduras Human Rights Defense Committee (1996 - 1996) Honduras Jorge Roberto Maradiaga (2002 - 2002) Honduras Journalist (2010 - 2012) Honduras

437 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Journalists (2004 - 2011) Honduras Juvenile inmates (2000 - 2000) Honduras Kidnappers (2002 - 2002) Honduras Killers of journalists (2012 - 2012) Honduras Landless peasants (2012 - 2012) Honduras Lawyer (2002 - 2002) Hon- duras Leftist students (2013 - 2013) Honduras Lenca Indians (2006 - 2006) Honduras Local environmentalists (2004 - 2004) Honduras Loggers (2004 - 2004) Hon- duras Mara-18 (2008 - 2008) Honduras Mara 18 (2005 - 2010) Hon- duras Mara 18 prison inmates (2003 - 2003) Honduras Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) (2004 - 2010) Honduras Mexican soccer team (1993 - 1993) Honduras Murderers (2010 - 2010) Honduras National Association of Public Employees (2005 - 2005) Honduras National Federation of Teachers (2002 - 2002) Honduras National Indian Council (2005 - 2005) Honduras Nurses (2004 - 2004) Hon- duras Paisa gang inmates (2003 - 2003) Honduras Peasants (2011 - 2011) Honduras

438 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Pirates (2000 - 2000) Hon- duras Political activist (2011 - 2011) Honduras Political Block (2003 - 2003) Honduras Prison gang (1999 - 2001) Honduras Prison gangs (2008 - 2008) Honduras Prison inmate (2012 - 2012) Honduras Prison inmates (1995 - 2012) Honduras Prison System (1997 - 1997) Honduras Prison warden (2012 - 2012) Honduras Prisoners (2013 - 2013) Honduras Public health workers (1997 - 2009) Honduras Public hospitals (2005 - 2005) Honduras Randers (2011 - 2011) Hon- duras Rival drug gangs (2013 - 2013) Honduras Rival gang (2010 - 2010) Honduras Rival prison gang (2006 - 2008) Honduras Secondary school teachers (2001 - 2001) Honduras Shopping center (1993 - 1993) Honduras Soccer fans (2000 - 2000) Honduras Soccer players (2012 - 2012) Honduras Soldiers (2011 - 2012) Hon- duras Standard Fruit (1998 - 1998) Honduras Street gang (2010 - 2010) Honduras

439 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Street gang leader (2010 - 2010) Honduras Supporters of Roberto Acosta (1995 - 1995) Honduras Suspected gang members (2011 - 2011) Honduras Taiwanese embassy (1997 - 1997) Honduras Teachers (2003 - 2004) Honduras Telecom employees (2004 - 2004) Honduras Trade unionists (2002 - 2002) Honduras United Nations Central American Observer Group (1991 - 1991) Honduras United States (1997 - 2002) Honduras Unknown assailants (2001 - 2012) Honduras Unknown attacker (2012 - 2012) Honduras Unknown attackers (1991 - 2003) Honduras Unknown bombers (1996 - 2009) Honduras Unknown gunmen (1999 - 2012) Honduras Unknown kidnappers (2012 - 2012) Honduras US embassy (1996 - 1998) Honduras US military forces (1990 - 1990) Honduras US Secretary of State Pow- ell (2003 - 2003) Honduras Victims (2012 - 2012) Hon- duras Women (1996 - 1996) Hon- duras

5.25 Haiti

440 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Aide to the prime minister Activist Bien-Aime (1994 - Angry civilians (2004 - 6 year-old girl (1995 - 1995) (2013 - 2013) Haiti 1994) Haiti 2004) Haiti Haiti Alleged police collabora- Activist Marie Auxiliatrice Armed civilians (1993 - Abandoned military base tors (2004 - 2004) Haiti Decossa (1994 - 1994) Haiti 1994) Haiti (2012 - 2012) Haiti Anti-Aristide demon- Alerte Belance (1993 - Citizen’s homes (1995 - Abandoned soda truck strators (2001 - 2001) 1993) Haiti 1995) Haiti (2005 - 2005) Haiti Haiti Anti-Aristide militants Amiot Metayer supporters Citizen (1990 - 2003) Haiti Accused thief (2004 - 2004) (1993 - 1993) Haiti (2003 - 2003) Haiti Haiti Anti-Cedras demon- Anti-Aristide legislator Citizens (1990 - 2005) Haiti Activists (1999 - 1999) strators (1994 - 1994) (1994 - 1994) Haiti Haiti Haiti Anti-FRAPH leader (1996 Anti-Aristide protesters Civilians (2004 - 2005) Aid vehicles (2004 - 2004) - 1996) Haiti (2001 - 2001) Haiti Haiti Haiti Aristide’s home (2004 - Anti-Artistide activists Other citizens (2002 - Airport guards (1993 - 2004) Haiti (2004 - 2004) Haiti 2004) Haiti 1993) Haiti Aristide (1991 - 2004) Haiti Anti-government group Alleged Aristide militant (2004 - 2004) Haiti (2004 - 2004) Haiti Aristide Aide (1995 - 1995) Anti-government mob Alleged extortionists (2001 Haiti (2001 - 2001) Haiti - 2001) Haiti Aristide candidate Pierre Anti-government protester Alleged hired gun (2005 - Maccene Dorval followers (2004 - 2004) Haiti 2005) Haiti (2000 - 2000) Haiti Aristide gangs (2004 - Anti-government Alleged looter (2004 - 2004) Haiti protesters (1995 - 2013) 2004) Haiti Haiti Aristide government (2001 Anti-Preval demonstrators Alleged military support- - 2001) Haiti (2011 - 2011) Haiti ers (1995 - 1995) Haiti Aristide homeless shelter Antoine Izmery (1993 - Alleged murderer (2002 - (2000 - 2000) Haiti 1993) Haiti 2002) Haiti Aristide loyalists (2004 - Aristide’s opposition (2004 Alleged opposition mem- 2004) Haiti - 2004) Haiti bers (2004 - 2004) Haiti Aristide militants (2001 - Aristide and Malval (1993 Alleged paramilitary thugs 2004) Haiti - 1993) Haiti (1990 - 1990) Haiti Aristide party coordinator Aristide opponent Alerte Alleged thief (2001 - 2010) Cleonord Souverain (2002 - Belance (1993 - 1993) Haiti Haiti 2002) Haiti Aristide supporter’s homes Aristide opponent Gerard American businessman (2004 - 2004) Haiti Gourgue (2001 - 2001) Marc Ashton (2001 - 2001) Haiti Haiti Aristide supporter (1993 - Aristide opponents (1993 - American freelance pho- 2004) Haiti 2004) Haiti tographer (2005 - 2005) Haiti Aristide supporter Bruno Aristide partisan Dady Americans (2000 - 2000) Cadet (2001 - 2001) Haiti Pierre (1994 - 1994) Haiti Haiti

441 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Aristide supporters (1992 - Aristide partisans (1994 - Amnesty International 2013) Haiti 1994) Haiti (1992 - 2011) Haiti Army-backed gangs (1993 - Aristide/Paul supporters Angry crowd (1994 - 1994) 1993) Haiti (1994 - 1994) Haiti Haiti Army-backed gunmen Armed Aristide opponents Angry mob (1994 - 2006) (1993 - 1994) Haiti (2004 - 2004) Haiti Haiti Army oﬃcer (1994 - 1994) Artibonite Revolutionary Angry mobs (2010 - 2010) Haiti Resistance Front (2004 - Haiti 2004) Haiti Army outpost (1992 - Base Resistance (2004 - Anti-homosexual mob 1992) Haiti 2004) Haiti (2013 - 2013) Haiti Army troops (1992 - 1992) Businessman Claude Anti-International Mon- Haiti Bernard Lauture (2004 - etary Fund Committee 2004) Haiti (1997 - 1997) Haiti Bale Wouzo (2004 - 2004) Cannibal Army (2002 - Anti-military demon- Haiti 2002) Haiti strators (1994 - 1995) Haiti Bodyguard of Sen. Mehu Cannibal Army supporters Architect’s home (2004 - Milius Garcon (1997 - (2003 - 2003) Haiti 2004) Haiti 1997) Haiti Brig. Gen. Henri Max Ma- Celestin supporters (2010 - Armed assailants (1995 - yard (1995 - 1995) Haiti 2010) Haiti 2006) Haiti Candidate Jean-Laurent Citizens Initiative (2002 - Armed demonstrators Nelson (1995 - 1995) Haiti 2002) Haiti (1993 - 1993) Haiti Candidate Milo Gousse Confederation of Demo- Armed gang (2004 - 2006) (1995 - 1995) Haiti cratic Unity (1990 - 1990) Haiti Haiti Cedras (1994 - 1994) Haiti Convergence opposition al- Armed gangs (2004 - 2007) liance (2001 - 2001) Haiti Haiti Chamber of Deputies can- Convergence opposition Armed group (1997 - 2010) didate Jean-Charles Henoc partisans (2001 - 2001) Haiti (1995 - 1995) Haiti Haiti Charles Henri Baker sup- Democratic Convergence Armed group of people porters (2010 - 2010) Haiti group (2000 - 2000) Haiti (1995 - 1995) Haiti Christian Movement for Deputies seeking to oust Armed groups (2005 - the Renewal of Haiti (2000 Prime Minister Preval 2005) Haiti - 2000) Haiti (1991 - 1991) Haiti City government (2007 - Duvalier supporters (1990 - Armed individuals (1995 - 2007) Haiti 1990) Haiti 2005) Haiti Civilian army auxiliaries Front for the Advancement Armed man (1996 - 1996) (1993 - 1993) Haiti and Progress of Haiti mem- Haiti bers (1994 - 1994) Haiti Col. Dumarsais Romulus Front for the Advance- Armed men (1990 - 2005) (1995 - 1995) Haiti ment and Progress of Haiti Haiti headquarters (1994 - 1994) Haiti

442 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Council of State (1990 - Front for the Advancement Armed people (2001 - 1990) Haiti and Progress of Haiti mili- 2001) Haiti tant (1994 - 1994) Haiti County sheriff and deputies Front spokesman Eliscar Armed protesters (2011 - (1991 - 1991) Haiti Charles (2003 - 2003) Haiti 2011) Haiti Culture Minister Jean- Gonaives Resistance Front Armed rebels (2004 - 2004) Claude Bajeux (1996 - (2003 - 2004) Haiti Haiti 1996) Haiti Democratic Platform (2004 Government opponents Armed residents (2004 - - 2004) Haiti (1990 - 2004) Haiti 2004) Haiti Deputy Mayor Cadet Grass roots leader Odonel Armed thugs (2004 - 2004) Damzal (1994 - 1994) Haiti Paul (2003 - 2003) Haiti Haiti Deputy mayor Johnny Guy Phillipe supporters Armed villagers (2000 - Charles (1995 - 1995) Haiti (2004 - 2004) Haiti 2000) Haiti Deputy Samuel Milord Insurgents (2004 - 2004) Arsonist (1995 - 1995) (1993 - 1993) Haiti Haiti Haiti Education Ministry (1994 - Jean-Claude Duvalier sup- Arsonists (2000 - 2006) 1994) Haiti porters (2011 - 2011) Haiti Haiti Education ministry (2010 - Jean Tatoune (2002 - 2002) Assailants (1992 - 2005) 2010) Haiti Haiti Haiti Election bureau (1995 - Justice of the peace Feli- Assassin on a motorcycle 1995) Haiti ton Gauthier (2001 - 2001) (2002 - 2002) Haiti Haiti Electoral council (2000 - Lavalas (1994 - 1994) Haiti Assembly candidate Mer- 2000) Haiti ilus Deus (2000 - 2000) Haiti Electoral council buildings Macoutes militia members Attackers (1992 - 2011) (2000 - 2000) Haiti (1994 - 1994) Haiti Haiti Electoral council member Mayoral candidate Jean Autonomous Union of (1995 - 1995) Haiti Felix Gracou supporters Haitian Workers (1991 - (2000 - 2000) Haiti 1991) Haiti Electoral office (2000 - Michel Martelly supporters Ballot boxes (2000 - 2000) 2005) Haiti (2010 - 2010) Haiti Haiti Electoral officials (1995 - Militias (1994 - 1994) Haiti Bank cooperative (2002 - 2000) Haiti 2002) Haiti Electoral workers (2000 - Mirlande Manigat support- Bar and shops (2004 - 2000) Haiti ers (2010 - 2010) Haiti 2004) Haiti Foreign minister Claudette National Popular Assem- Brothers of Christian Werleigh (1993 - 1993) bly (1993 - 1993) Haiti Education religious school Haiti leader (1998 - 1998) Haiti Foreign minister Fritz Opponents of Aristide Building housing ballots Longchamp (1997 - 1997) (1991 - 2004) Haiti (1995 - 1995) Haiti Haiti Front for the Advancement Opponents of Cedras (1993 Bus (2004 - 2004) Haiti and Progress of Haiti (1993 - 1993) Haiti - 1995) Haiti

443 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Front for the Advancement Opponents of President Bus and taxi drivers (2003 and Progress of Haiti mili- Martelly (2012 - 2012) - 2005) Haiti tants (1993 - 1993) Haiti Haiti Government (1990 - 2013) Opposition leader Jean- Bus conductor (1995 - Haiti Robert Lalane (2003 - 1995) Haiti 2003) Haiti Government buildings Opposition marchers (2001 Bus driver (1994 - 1994) (2003 - 2003) Haiti - 2001) Haiti Haiti Government labor inspec- Opposition politician Le- Bus drivers (1994 - 1994) tors (1997 - 1997) Haiti gitime Atis (2000 - 2000) Haiti Haiti Government loyalists (2004 Organization of the People Bus passenger (1997 - - 2004) Haiti in Struggle (2001 - 2001) 1997) Haiti Haiti Government Prosecutor Platform of Civil Society Business Associations Laraque Exantus (1994 - Associations and Opposi- (2003 - 2003) Haiti 1994) Haiti tion Parties (2003 - 2003) Haiti Government supporters Presidential candidate Business leaders (2004 - (2004 - 2004) Haiti Michel Martelly (2010 - 2004) Haiti 2010) Haiti Haiti’s Provisional Elec- Presidential candidate Bystander (2003 - 2003) tion Council headquarters Michel Martelly sup- Haiti (2000 - 2000) Haiti porters (2010 - 2010) Haiti Haitian border police (1997 Presidential candidate Bystanders (2003 - 2003) - 1997) Haiti Mirlande Manigat (2010 - Haiti 2010) Haiti Haitian Chamber of Com- Presumed anti-government Camp residents (2010 - merce and Industry (2006 - activists lottery stands and 2010) Haiti 2006) Haiti restaurant (2004 - 2004) Haiti Haitian Democratic Party Pro-Aristide citizens (1993 Campaign organizer Bra- candidate Lesly Tilus - 1993) Haiti nor Sanon (2000 - 2000) (2000 - 2000) Haiti Haiti Haitian electoral oﬃcial Pro-Aristide gang (2005 - Canadian Ambassador Carlo Dupiton (2000 - 2005) Haiti Gilles Bernier (2000 - 2000) Haiti 2000) Haiti Haitian Government (1992 Pro-Aristide militants Canadian Government - 1992) Haiti (1999 - 2001) Haiti (1991 - 1991) Haiti Haitian military (1994 - Pro-Aristide priests (1992 - Canadian journalist (1994 - 1995) Haiti 1992) Haiti 2002) Haiti Haitian riot police (2001 - Pro-Duvalier political par- Canadian policemen (2005 2001) Haiti ties (1993 - 1993) Haiti - 2005) Haiti Health Ministry vehicle Pro-Preval gunmen (1995 - Candidate (1995 - 1995) (2003 - 2003) Haiti 1995) Haiti Haiti

444 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Hubert Deronceray’s Mo- Pro-rebel demonstrators Candidate supporters bilization for National De- (2004 - 2004) Haiti (2000 - 2009) Haiti velopment party headquarters (2002 - 2002) Haiti INITE ruling party can- Protest movement leaders Candidate Vladimir Jeanty didate Jude Celestin sup- (2003 - 2003) Haiti (1995 - 1995) Haiti porters (2010 - 2010) Haiti Interior Ministry employ- Protesters (1991 - 2013) Car dealerships (2004 - ees (2003 - 2003) Haiti Haiti 2004) Haiti Judge Claudy Gassant Rebel supporters (2004 - Care International worker (2001 - 2001) Haiti 2004) Haiti Nicolas Jean Benot (1995 - 1995) Haiti Judges (2003 - 2005) Haiti Rebels (1994 - 2004) Haiti Carnival attendees (2012 - 2012) Haiti Judges and clerks (2005 - Rene Theodore (1992 - Carnival children (1995 - 2005) Haiti 1992) Haiti 1995) Haiti Judicial police head An- Rioters (1998 - 2010) Haiti Cars (2004 - 2004) Haiti dre Mariosol (1999 - 1999) Haiti Justice minister (1993 - Space for Concord coali- Catholic priest (1994 - 1995) Haiti tion (2000 - 2000) Haiti 1994) Haiti Justice Minister (2005 - Space for Concord oppo- Catholic Relief Services 2005) Haiti sition coalition opposition (2004 - 2004) Haiti militant (2000 - 2000) Haiti Justice Ministry (2012 - Supporters of presidential Cement depot owner and 2012) Haiti candidate Mirlande Mani- his family (1995 - 1995) gat (2010 - 2010) Haiti Haiti Justice ministry security Suspected coup supporter Ceremony attendees (2010 guard (1997 - 1997) Haiti (1995 - 1995) Haiti - 2010) Haiti Lavalas Family partisans The Resistance Front (2003 Chamber of Commerce (2000 - 2000) Haiti - 2003) Haiti (2005 - 2005) Haiti Lavalas family supporters Tonton Macoutes members Chief of security for Aris- (2004 - 2004) Haiti (1993 - 1993) Haiti tide foundation (1998 - 1998) Haiti Lavalas Party (2008 - 2008) U.S. Government (1991 - Chinese men (1992 - 1992) Haiti 1992) Haiti Haiti Lavalas Party member U.S. government (1993 - Cholera treatment center Joseph Zeus Duverge (2001 1993) Haiti (2010 - 2010) Haiti - 2001) Haiti Law enforcement volun- United States military Christian Movement for a teers (1995 - 1995) Haiti (1995 - 1995) Haiti New Haiti (2000 - 2000) Haiti Lawmaker Dany Toussaint United States troops (1993 Churchgoers (1993 - 1994) (2002 - 2002) Haiti - 1993) Haiti Haiti Legislature candidate UNITY protesters (2011 - Citizens and soldiers com- Jeremie Joachim (2000 - 2011) Haiti mitting violence (1990 - 2000) Haiti 1990) Haiti

445 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Local electoral oﬃcial Carl Villagers suspected of sup- City workers (1993 - 1993) Henry Emilicar (2000 - porting rebels (1994 - 1994) Haiti 2000) Haiti Haiti Local government (1997 - Civic leaders and journal- 1997) Haiti ists (2003 - 2003) Haiti Local police (1990 - 1994) Civil groups (2003 - 2003) Haiti Haiti Local police station (2003 - Civilian defense groups 2003) Haiti (1990 - 1990) Haiti Maj. Gen. Jean-Claude Closed shops (1993 - 1993) Duperval (1994 - 1994) Haiti Haiti Marcellus Denis (1994 - Club-wielding demonstra- 1994) Haiti tors (1994 - 1994) Haiti Mayor-elect Necuel Bel- Coalition of musicians, combe (2000 - 2000) Haiti painters and writers (2003 - 2003) Haiti Mayor Dongot Joseph Commission of Women (2001 - 2001) Haiti Victims for Victims (2006 - 2006) Haiti Mayor Erla Francois (1996 Community radio station - 1996) Haiti Radio Unite (2000 - 2000) Haiti Mayor Evans Paul (1993 - Community radio stations 1993) Haiti (2004 - 2004) Haiti Mayor Lydie Parent (1994 Congress of National Sal- - 1994) Haiti vation (1994 - 1994) Haiti Military (1994 - 1994) Cpl. Beauville Ocean Haiti (1995 - 1995) Haiti Mobilization for National Crowd (1994 - 2008) Haiti Development (1991 - 1991) Haiti Mobilization for National Crowd of Haitians (1995 - Development members 1995) Haiti (1996 - 1996) Haiti Municipal government Crowd of mourners (2005 - (1999 - 1999) Haiti 2005) Haiti National Congress of Crowd of people (1992 - Democratic Movements 1992) Haiti (1995 - 1995) Haiti National Front for Change Crowds (2004 - 2004) Haiti and Democracy (1995 - 1995) Haiti National palace guardsmen Demonstrators (1991 - (1996 - 1996) Haiti 2012) Haiti

446 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other National police (1996 - Descahos gang members 1996) Haiti (2004 - 2004) Haiti National police arms locker Discharged soldiers (1994 - (2003 - 2003) Haiti 1994) Haiti National police training Dissidents (1991 - 1991) center (1996 - 1996) Haiti Haiti National prison (2004 - District election bureau 2005) Haiti (1993 - 1993) Haiti New trainee police force Doctors (2004 - 2006) Haiti (1994 - 1994) Haiti Newly appointed state re- Doctors Without Borders porters (1995 - 1995) Haiti (2004 - 2004) Haiti Newly elected Rep. Jean- Dominican Republic (2003 Hubert Feuille (1995 - - 2003) Haiti 1995) Haiti Oﬃcer Jean Leonard Con- Dominican Republic em- seillant (1996 - 1996) Haiti bassy (2009 - 2009) Haiti Opposition parties (2004 - Drivers (1996 - 2008) Haiti 2004) Haiti Opposition party head- Election monitor (2010 - quarters (2000 - 2000) 2010) Haiti Haiti Opposition party support- Election oﬃces (2000 - ers (2000 - 2000) Haiti 2000) Haiti Police-linked gunmen Electoral materials (2000 - (1994 - 1994) Haiti 2000) Haiti Police (1992 - 2011) Haiti Embassy vehicles (2004 - 2004) Haiti Police academy (2001 - Emergency relief workers 2001) Haiti (2008 - 2008) Haiti Police barracks (1994 - Enraged residents (1996 - 1994) Haiti 1996) Haiti Police chief (1994 - 1994) Environmental activists Haiti (2003 - 2003) Haiti Police chief Harold Ade- EU agriculture consultant clat’s home (2003 - 2004) Pierre-Yves Baulain (2000 Haiti - 2000) Haiti Police commissioner Jean- Evangelicals (2010 - 2010) Robert Sydney (1999 - Haiti 1999) Haiti Police inspector Valcourt Evans Picot (1993 - 1993) Desir (1996 - 1996) Haiti Haiti Police inspector wearing a Far right demonstrators dress (1997 - 1997) Haiti (1994 - 1994) Haiti Police instructor (1996 - Farmers (2010 - 2010) Haiti 1996) Haiti

447 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Police officer (1999 - 2004) Father Jean-Marie Vincent Haiti (1994 - 1994) Haiti Police Officers (1990 - Federation of Haitian Uni- 1990) Haiti versity Students (2003 - 2003) Haiti Police officers (1996 - 1996) Felix Lamy (1992 - 1992) Haiti Haiti Police official’s mother Fiften major business asso- (1996 - 1996) Haiti ciations (2002 - 2002) Haiti Police Station (1994 - Fleeing residents (2004 - 1995) Haiti 2004) Haiti Police station (2001 - 2004) Flood victims (2004 - 2004) Haiti Haiti Police Stations (2004 - Food convoy (1995 - 2010) 2004) Haiti Haiti Policeman (1996 - 2005) Food depot (1994 - 1994) Haiti Haiti Policemen (1996 - 2005) Food distribution center Haiti (1994 - 1994) Haiti Policemen in plain clothes Food storage depot (2004 - (1993 - 1993) Haiti 2004) Haiti Political party leader Food truck (2008 - 2008) Sauveur Pierre Etienne Haiti (1999 - 1999) Haiti Port-Au-Prince mayor Food trucks (2004 - 2004) (1995 - 1995) Haiti Haiti President Martelly’s en- Food warehouse (1994 - tourage (2011 - 2011) Haiti 1997) Haiti President Martelly (2012 - Food warehouses (2002 - 2012) Haiti 2002) Haiti President Martelly and his Foreign troops (2004 - supporters (2012 - 2012) 2004) Haiti Haiti President Michel Martelly Former army officer (1993 - (2012 - 2012) Haiti 1995) Haiti President Preval’s sister Former Haitian army (1999 - 1999) Haiti colonel Jean Lamy (1999 - 1999) Haiti Preval supporters (2009 - Former headquarters (2004 2009) Haiti - 2004) Haiti Prime Minister Jacques Former health minister Alexis (1999 - 1999) Haiti Ary Bordes (2000 - 2000) Haiti Prime minister Preval sup- Former Mayoral Candidate porters (1991 - 1991) Haiti (1997 - 1997) Haiti

448 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Prime Minister Yvon Nep- Former President Preval tune (2004 - 2004) Haiti supporters (2005 - 2005) Haiti Prison guards (2001 - 2010) Former Rep. Lorraine Haiti Casimir (1999 - 1999) Haiti Pro-Aristide Artist (1994 - Former Rep. Wilner 1994) Haiti Raphael (1999 - 1999) Haiti Pro-Aristide assailants Former Sgt. Andre Pierre (1994 - 1994) Haiti Armand (1996 - 1996) Haiti Pro-Aristide Assembly Former soldier Wilner President Firmin Jean- Jean-Louis (2001 - 2001) Louis (1994 - 1994) Haiti Haiti Pro-Aristide crowd (1994 - Former soldiers (1996 - 1994) Haiti 2012) Haiti Pro-Aristide demon- Former top oﬃcial of strators (1993 - 2001) Haiti’s 1991 military coup Haiti government (1995 - 1995) Haiti Pro-Aristide deputy Fort St. Clair vigilante mayor’s house (2004 - group (1999 - 1999) Haiti 2004) Haiti Pro-Aristide gangs (2004 - France (1994 - 1994) Haiti 2004) Haiti Pro-Aristide groups (2001 - Freelance photographer 2001) Haiti (2007 - 2007) Haiti Pro-Aristide gunmen (2004 French embassy driver - 2004) Haiti (2004 - 2004) Haiti Pro-Aristide legislator French food convoy (1995 - (1995 - 1995) Haiti 1995) Haiti Pro-Aristide Mayor’s home French institute of Haiti (2004 - 2004) Haiti (2001 - 2001) Haiti Pro-Aristide mayors (2001 French oﬃcials (2004 - - 2001) Haiti 2004) Haiti Pro-Aristide mob (2001 - Front of United Militants 2002) Haiti (1991 - 1991) Haiti Pro-Aristide mobs (1994 - Funeral mourners (2004 - 1994) Haiti 2004) Haiti Pro-Aristide neighborhood Gang (2004 - 2007) Haiti (1994 - 1994) Haiti Pro-Aristide neighborhood Gang members (2005 - committee members (1994 2006) Haiti - 1994) Haiti

449 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Pro-Aristide neighborhood Gang of men (1995 - 1995) groups (2001 - 2001) Haiti Haiti Pro-Aristide protesters Gangs (1990 - 1990) Haiti (1995 - 2002) Haiti Pro-Aristide students Gangsters (1999 - 1999) (2004 - 2004) Haiti Haiti Pro-Aristide Youths (2004 Gas stations (2003 - 2003) - 2004) Haiti Haiti Pro-army demonstrators German aid organization (1994 - 1994) Haiti Welthungerhilfe (2004 - 2004) Haiti Pro-army gunman (1994 - Goods (2004 - 2004) Haiti 1994) Haiti Pro-army men (2012 - Grand Ravine gang (2006 - 2012) Haiti 2006) Haiti Pro-army militants (1994 - Grass roots activists (1999 1994) Haiti - 1999) Haiti Pro-army paramilitary Grass roots organizations group (1994 - 1994) Haiti (1991 - 1997) Haiti Pro-government demon- Grocery store (1994 - 1994) strators (2001 - 2003) Haiti Haiti Pro-government group Group of hooded men (2004 - 2004) Haiti (2002 - 2002) Haiti Pro-government militants Group of men (2004 - 2004) (2004 - 2004) Haiti Haiti Pro-government mob (2001 Grupo M free-trade zone - 2001) Haiti company (2004 - 2004) Haiti Pro-government protesters Gunman (1990 - 2002) (2002 - 2004) Haiti Haiti Pro-government radio sta- Gunmen (1990 - 2010) tion Radio Pyramide (2003 Haiti - 2003) Haiti Pro-government residents’ Gunmen dressed in homes (2004 - 2004) Haiti military-style clothes (1992 - 1992) Haiti Pro-government thugs Gunmen in army uniform (2002 - 2002) Haiti (1990 - 1990) Haiti Provincial election bureau Haiti’s judicial system (1995 - 1995) Haiti (1995 - 1995) Haiti Provincial police chief Haiti’s national television (1998 - 1998) Haiti station (2004 - 2004) Haiti Provincial police station Haitian Association of (2000 - 2000) Haiti Youths for People Power (1991 - 1991) Haiti

450 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Provisional Electoral Haitian citizens (1994 - Council (2010 - 2010) 1994) Haiti Haiti Provisional Electoral Haitian Coalition of Reli- Council offices (2010 - gious and Moral Organiza- 2010) Haiti tions (2013 - 2013) Haiti Provisional Electoral Office Haitian photographer (2006 - 2006) Haiti (1993 - 1993) Haiti Rene Preval supporters Haitian radio station owner (2006 - 2006) Haiti (2004 - 2004) Haiti Rep. Ary Pierre-Paul Haitian refugees (1994 - Marsan (1996 - 1996) Haiti 1994) Haiti Rep. Josue Salomon (1996 Haitian warrant officer - 1996) Haiti (1994 - 1994) Haiti Rep. Marc-Andre Diro- Haitian Women’s Solidar- gene (2002 - 2002) Haiti ity Association (1994 - 1994) Haiti Rep. Marc-Andre Diro- Haitian youths (1991 - gene supporters (2002 - 1991) Haiti 2002) Haiti Rural police (1992 - 1992) Haitians (1994 - 1994) Haiti Haiti Security guard (1990 - Heavily armed gunmen 1990) Haiti (2002 - 2005) Haiti Senate candidate (1995 - High school students (2010 1995) Haiti - 2010) Haiti Senator Jean-Yvon Tous- Homes (2004 - 2004) Haiti saint (1999 - 1999) Haiti Senator Reynold Georges Homosexuals (2013 - 2013) (1994 - 1994) Haiti Haiti Senator Thomas Eddy Hooligans (1995 - 1995) Dupiton (1993 - 1993) Haiti Haiti Senators (2001 - 2001) Hospital (2004 - 2004) Haiti Haiti Socialist Philippe Steven- Hospital workers (1998 - son (1995 - 1995) Haiti 1998) Haiti State audit bureau workers Houses (2002 - 2002) Haiti (1993 - 1993) Haiti State radio and tv workers Human rights activists (1993 - 1993) Haiti (2004 - 2004) Haiti State security forces (1993 Hungry people (2004 - - 1993) Haiti 2004) Haiti State tv station (1993 - Hydroelectric plant (2003 - 1993) Haiti 2003) Haiti

451 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other State University Hospital Independent radio stations (2004 - 2004) Haiti (1991 - 1991) Haiti State University nurses Inmates (2001 - 2001) Haiti and orderlies (1996 - 1996) Haiti State University of Haiti International Civilian Mis- (2009 - 2009) Haiti sion in Haiti member (2000 - 2000) Haiti State workers (2010 - 2010) Janitors (2006 - 2007) Haiti Haiti Struggling People’s Orga- Jean-Claude David (1996 - nization (2009 - 2009) Haiti 1996) Haiti Supporters of Lt. Gen. Jimmy Carter (1995 - Raoul Cedras (1993 - 1993) 1995) Haiti Haiti Unspeciﬁed state security Job applicants (2004 - forces (1993 - 1994) Haiti 2004) Haiti Journalist (2007 - 2007) Haiti Journalist Colson Dorme (1993 - 1993) Haiti Journalist Michele Montas (2002 - 2002) Haiti Journalists (1992 - 2001) Haiti Judicial system (2002 - 2002) Haiti Kidnappers (1996 - 2004) Haiti Kouraj (2013 - 2013) Haiti Labor federations (1993 - 1993) Haiti Labor union members (2004 - 2004) Haiti Landless peasants (1991 - 1991) Haiti Law school students (2004 - 2004) Haiti Lawyers (1997 - 2002) Haiti Leader’s murderer (1999 - 1999) Haiti Leftist folk singer (1996 - 1996) Haiti Legislator (1994 - 1994) Haiti

452 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Legislators (1992 - 1992) Haiti Levi Jeans factory workers (2004 - 2004) Haiti Libete newspaper street sellers (1994 - 1994) Haiti Local district attorney’s home (2004 - 2004) Haiti Local elections board (2009 - 2009) Haiti Local opposition campaign director (2000 - 2000) Haiti Local opposition candidate (2000 - 2000) Haiti Longshoremen (1999 - 1999) Haiti Looters (1994 - 2010) Haiti Losing mayoral candidate Georges Simon supporters (2000 - 2000) Haiti Lottery customer (1999 - 1999) Haiti Lottery ticket worker (1999 - 1999) Haiti Machete-wielding men (2010 - 2010) Haiti Macoutes (1993 - 1993) Haiti Major business associations (1994 - 1994) Haiti Man (2004 - 2004) Haiti Man accused of ballot stuﬃng (1995 - 1995) Haiti Man accused of stealing fruit (1994 - 1994) Haiti Marie-Michele de Ronceray (1990 - 1990) Haiti Marketplace (2004 - 2005) Haiti Masked attackers (2004 - 2004) Haiti Masked men (2013 - 2013) Haiti Masked thugs (1990 - 1990) Haiti

453 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Medical students (2003 - 2003) Haiti Men (2000 - 2000) Haiti Men armed with machetes (2010 - 2010) Haiti Men in black uniforms (2004 - 2004) Haiti Men in camouﬂage uniforms (2001 - 2002) Haiti Men with knives (1994 - 1994) Haiti Militants (1997 - 2004) Haiti Mob (1990 - 2010) Haiti Mobs (2000 - 2008) Haiti Mother of opposition politician (2001 - 2001) Haiti Motorcycle gunmen (1999 - 1999) Haiti Motorists (2004 - 2004) Haiti Mourners (2003 - 2003) Haiti Mrs. Aristide’s aunt grandson (2004 - 2004) Haiti Musicians (2003 - 2003) Haiti National Coalition for Haitian Refugees activist Pierre Esperance (1999 - 1999) Haiti National Equipment Cen- ter (2003 - 2003) Haiti National Federation of Haitian Students (1992 - 1992) Haiti National radio reporters (1995 - 1995) Haiti National Teachers Union (1997 - 1997) Haiti National television station (1996 - 1996) Haiti Neighborhood self-defense group (1990 - 1990) Haiti

454 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other New York missionary Mau- reen Nielson (2001 - 2001) Haiti News director Brignol Lin- dor (2001 - 2001) Haiti North District Front (2003 - 2003) Haiti Nuns (1990 - 1990) Haiti OAS States (1991 - 1991) Haiti Oﬀ-duty police oﬃcer (1997 - 1997) Haiti Opposition activist (2003 - 2003) Haiti Opposition activists (1997 - 1997) Haiti Opposition candidate headquarters (1995 - 1995) Haiti Opposition demonstrators (2001 - 2001) Haiti Opposition groups (2003 - 2003) Haiti Opposition leader’s house (2001 - 2001) Haiti Opposition leaders (2002 - 2004) Haiti Opposition mayoral candidate (2000 - 2000) Haiti Opposition member family’s house (2004 - 2004) Haiti Opposition militant (2000 - 2000) Haiti Opposition motorcade (2002 - 2002) Haiti Opposition politicians (2000 - 2000) Haiti Opposition presidential candidate (1995 - 1995) Haiti Opposition protesters (2002 - 2004) Haiti Opposition supporters (2000 - 2004) Haiti

455 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Organization of American States (2000 - 2001) Haiti Other carnival attendees (2012 - 2012) Haiti Papaye Peasants’ Move- ment (2000 - 2000) Haiti Parade participants (1996 - 1996) Haiti Paramilitary group (1993 - 1993) Haiti Paramilitary thugs (1994 - 1994) Haiti Partisan (2006 - 2006) Haiti Passerby (1993 - 2004) Haiti Passing cars (2003 - 2004) Haiti Patriotic Action Commit- tee headquarters (1994 - 1994) Haiti Peacekeeper (1996 - 2008) Haiti Peacekeepers (2005 - 2007) Haiti Peacekeepers from Nepal (2010 - 2010) Haiti Peasants (1990 - 1996) Haiti Pedestrians (1990 - 1990) Haiti People’s Organization (2004 - 2004) Haiti People (2004 - 2004) Haiti Political and grassroots organizations (1995 - 1995) Haiti Political candidate Rudolphe Pierre (1995 - 1995) Haiti Political opposition ﬁgures (2000 - 2000) Haiti Politician (2006 - 2006) Haiti Polling booth (2000 - 2000) Haiti

456 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Polling station (2000 - 2010) Haiti Polling stations (2006 - 2009) Haiti Popular Organizations (2001 - 2001) Haiti Port-Au-Prince public employees (1996 - 1996) Haiti Port warehouses (2004 - 2004) Haiti Port Workers (2004 - 2004) Haiti Precinct captains (1993 - 1993) Haiti Pregnant woman (1994 - 1994) Haiti President Bush (1992 - 1992) Haiti Presidential candidate (2005 - 2005) Haiti Presidential candidates (2010 - 2010) Haiti Presumed military supporter (1995 - 1995) Haiti Preval (1995 - 1995) Haiti Prison workers (2010 - 2010) Haiti Prisoners (1995 - 2010) Haiti Private employer (1996 - 1996) Haiti Private radio stations (2003 - 2003) Haiti Private schools (1995 - 1995) Haiti Pro-democracy demonstrators (1994 - 1994) Haiti Pro-democracy group leader (1994 - 1994) Haiti Pro-military attaches (1994 - 1994) Haiti Pro-military citizens (1994 - 1994) Haiti

457 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Pro-military demonstrators (1994 - 1994) Haiti Pro-military thugs (1994 - 1994) Haiti Pro-United States demonstrators (1994 - 1994) Haiti Professors (2002 - 2002) Haiti Provincial district attorneys (1996 - 1996) Haiti Provincial jail (2002 - 2002) Haiti Public school teachers (1997 - 1997) Haiti Public transport union leader Cajus Lexius (1993 - 1993) Haiti Quixote Center human rights activists (1992 - 1992) Haiti Radio Africa station (2004 - 2004) Haiti Radio and television stations owned by former parliamentary majority spokesman, Sen. Paul Denis (2000 - 2000) Haiti Radio Caraibes station (2003 - 2003) Haiti Radio Haiti-Inter journalist (2001 - 2001) Haiti Radio Haiti director Jean Dominique (2000 - 2000) Haiti Radio Haiti headquarters (2000 - 2000) Haiti Radio Haiti Inter (2000 - 2001) Haiti Radio Maxima (2003 - 2003) Haiti Radio Maxima reporter’s house (2004 - 2004) Haiti Radio Maxima vehicle (2003 - 2003) Haiti

458 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Radio station (2002 - 2002) Haiti Radio station owner Elder Ameus (1993 - 1993) Haiti Radio stations (1993 - 2004) Haiti Radio Vision 2000 building (2004 - 2004) Haiti Radio Vision 2000 news- room staﬀ (1997 - 1997) Haiti Radio Vision 2000 Station (2004 - 2004) Haiti Radio Vision Nouvelle and Radio Lumiere compound (2001 - 2001) Haiti Random passerby (2000 - 2000) Haiti Random targets around Carrefour (2000 - 2000) Haiti Random targets around Port-Au-Prince and Petionville (2000 - 2001) Haiti Red Army gang (1996 - 1996) Haiti Red Cross workers (2004 - 2004) Haiti Refugee William Corasce- lan (1993 - 1993) Haiti Relatives of Deputy Samuel Milord (1993 - 1993) Haiti Relief feeding center (1994 - 1994) Haiti Relief supplies (2004 - 2004) Haiti Reporter Jean-Emile Es- timable (1993 - 1993) Haiti Reporters (2005 - 2005) Haiti Reporters Without Bor- ders leader Robert Menard (2002 - 2002) Haiti

459 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Reputed member of the outlawed Tonton Macoute militia (1991 - 1991) Haiti Residents (1990 - 2005) Haiti Right-wing protesters (1994 - 1994) Haiti Rival armed gang (2006 - 2006) Haiti Rival candidate supporters (2009 - 2009) Haiti Rival gang (2003 - 2007) Haiti Rival group (2010 - 2010) Haiti Rival party (2009 - 2009) Haiti Rock-throwing crowd (1993 - 1993) Haiti Rock-throwing demonstrators (1994 - 1994) Haiti Roman Catholic Bishop Willy Romelus (1992 - 1992) Haiti Romer Deruisseaux (1990 - 1990) Haiti Rural election bureau (1995 - 1995) Haiti Sacks of food and cement (2004 - 2004) Haiti Sacks of rice (2004 - 2004) Haiti Sailors (2000 - 2000) Haiti School children (1990 - 1990) Haiti Senate candidate aide (1997 - 1997) Haiti Sergeant Fleurand Dieuseul (1993 - 1993) Haiti Shantytown residents (2005 - 2005) Haiti Shell gas station (2004 - 2004) Haiti Shelter (2008 - 2008) Haiti

460 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Ship owners (1997 - 1997) Haiti Shipping containers (2004 - 2004) Haiti Shops and homes (2010 - 2010) Haiti Slum dwellers (2005 - 2005) Haiti Slum neighborhood com- mittees (1990 - 1990) Haiti Slumdwellers (1991 - 2006) Haiti Soldier (1990 - 1993) Haiti Soldiers (1990 - 1994) Haiti Soliders (1990 - 1993) Haiti Soliders in plain clothes (1993 - 1993) Haiti South district mayors (1996 - 1996) Haiti Stone-throwers (1995 - 1995) Haiti Stone-throwing commando (1995 - 1995) Haiti Stone throwers (1995 - 1995) Haiti Street cleaners (1996 - 1996) Haiti Street merchants (1993 - 1999) Haiti Street vendor (1993 - 1993) Haiti Street vendors (2007 - 2007) Haiti Student protesters (2002 - 2002) Haiti Students (1990 - 2013) Haiti Students all over Port-Au- Prince (1992 - 1992) Haiti Suspected evildoers (1995 - 1995) Haiti Suspected kidnapper (2008 - 2008) Haiti Suspected kidnappers (2007 - 2007) Haiti

461 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Suspected paramilitary member (1994 - 1994) Haiti Suspected paramilitary members (1994 - 1994) Haiti Suspected Rapist and murderer (2007 - 2007) Haiti Suspected thief (1995 - 1995) Haiti Suspected thieves (1995 - 2004) Haiti Suspected witches (1996 - 2010) Haiti Swiss citizens (1996 - 1996) Haiti Teacher’s college (2009 - 2009) Haiti Teacher-student demonstrators (1998 - 1998) Haiti Teachers (1999 - 2003) Haiti Tele Haiti vehicle (2004 - 2004) Haiti Television crew (1993 - 1993) Haiti The Dominican Republic (2005 - 2005) Haiti Thugs (1992 - 1992) Haiti Ti Manchet gang (2006 - 2006) Haiti Town bureau (1995 - 1995) Haiti Township council candidate Gerda Colas (1995 - 1995) Haiti Toyota dealership (2004 - 2004) Haiti Transport unions (2003 - 2003) Haiti Truck drivers (2006 - 2006) Haiti Truckers (2003 - 2003) Haiti

462 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other U.N. civilian police (2005 - 2005) Haiti U.N. envoy Dante Caputo (1993 - 1993) Haiti U.N. peacekeeper (1996 - 1996) Haiti U.N. Quartermaster (1995 - 1995) Haiti U.S. citizen Alejandro Morales (2001 - 2001) Haiti Unemployed Haitians (1995 - 1995) Haiti Unidentified armed men (2000 - 2000) Haiti Unidentified assailant (2000 - 2000) Haiti Unidentified assailants (2000 - 2000) Haiti Unidentified attackers (2001 - 2001) Haiti Unidentified gunmen (1995 - 2004) Haiti Unidentified men (1995 - 2003) Haiti Unidentified people (2000 - 2000) Haiti Unidentified persons (1995 - 1995) Haiti Unidentified rock thrower (1995 - 1995) Haiti Unidentified youths (2003 - 2003) Haiti Uniformed commandos (1996 - 1996) Haiti Union activists (2004 - 2004) Haiti Unions (2001 - 2001) Haiti Unit assembly (1990 - 1990) Haiti United Nations (1993 - 2012) Haiti United Nations base (2004 - 2004) Haiti

463 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other United Nations Develop- ment Program warehouse (1994 - 1994) Haiti United Nations observers (1994 - 1994) Haiti United Nations peacekeepers (1995 - 1995) Haiti United Nations truck (1995 - 1995) Haiti United Nations vehicle (2000 - 2000) Haiti United States (1994 - 2004) Haiti United States Government (1995 - 1998) Haiti University students (1991 - 2004) Haiti Unknown (1992 - 2013) Haiti Unknown armed assailants (1994 - 1994) Haiti Unknown assailants (1990 - 2011) Haiti Unknown attackers (1995 - 2005) Haiti Unknown car driver (1996 - 1996) Haiti Unknown goods (2004 - 2004) Haiti Unknown gunman (2002 - 2002) Haiti Unknown gunmen (2004 - 2005) Haiti Unknown shooter (1993 - 1993) Haiti Unkown assailants (2004 - 2004) Haiti Unnamed group (1992 - 1992) Haiti Unspeciﬁed (1993 - 1993) Haiti Unspeciﬁed grassroots organizations (1995 - 1995) Haiti Vandals (1991 - 2004) Haiti

464 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Vehicles (2004 - 2004) Haiti Victims and relatives of 1991 coup (2001 - 2001) Haiti Vigilantes (1995 - 1995) Haiti Villagers (1992 - 1996) Haiti Voice of the Southern Ru- ral Workers community radio station (2000 - 2000) Haiti Voodoo practitioners (2010 - 2010) Haiti Voodoo priests (2008 - 2008) Haiti Voters (1995 - 2011) Haiti Voting centers (2006 - 2006) Haiti Voting station (1995 - 2010) Haiti Voting stations (2010 - 2010) Haiti Warehouse owner (1994 - 1994) Haiti Warehouses (1994 - 2004) Haiti Wealthy industrialist (1996 - 1996) Haiti Wilson Lemaire (2003 - 2003) Haiti Witness for Peace delegation (1998 - 1998) Haiti Women’s rights groups (2003 - 2003) Haiti Women the Rising Sun (2003 - 2003) Haiti Woody Marc Edouard (1993 - 1993) Haiti Workers (1993 - 1996) Haiti World Food Program convoy (2010 - 2010) Haiti Young gangsters (2004 - 2004) Haiti

465 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Young man (1995 - 1995) Haiti Young men (2004 - 2005) Haiti Youths (1990 - 2010) Haiti

5.26 Jamaica

Government Challenger Civilian Other Auxiliary police officer Phipps (1998 - 1998) Ja- Citizen (2004 - 2009) Ja- Air Jamaica (2008 - 2008) working election (2002 - maica maica Jamaica 2002) Jamaica Candidate for Prime Min- Protesters (2012 - 2012) Citizens (1993 - 2010) Ja- Air Jamaica flight atten- ister Edward Seaga (1993 - Jamaica maica dants (1993 - 1993) Ja- 1993) Jamaica maica Carlton Gooden - JLP sup- Sandra Thompson - politi- Civilians (2013 - 2013) Ja- Air traffic controllers (2002 porter (2007 - 2007) Ja- cal activist with ties to op- maica - 2011) Jamaica maica position (2001 - 2001) Ja- maica Constable Andrew An- Devon Scott, Darlon Airport workers (2008 - thony Pryce (2005 - 2005) Clarke (2003 - 2003) 2008) Jamaica Jamaica Jamaica Constable Archibald Everton Brown (2005 - Alumina industry workers Campbell (2003 - 2003) 2005) Jamaica (1995 - 1995) Jamaica Jamaica Crime Management Unit - Kenroy Prince (2004 - Alumina Partners of Ja- elite police squad (2003 - 2004) Jamaica maica, Ltd. (Alpart) (1995 2003) Jamaica - 1995) Jamaica Davy - Labour Party ac- Leroy Farquharson (2005 - Andrew Hamilton (2003 - tivist (1997 - 1997) Ja- 2005) Jamaica 2003) Jamaica maica Denham Town gang (area Linton Rodney (2003 - Armed bandits (2003 - loyal to Labour Party) 2003) Jamaica 2003) Jamaica (2001 - 2001) Jamaica Department of Correc- Armed gangs from across tional Services (2000 - Jamaica (2010 - 2010) Ja- 2000) Jamaica maica Detective Cpl. Joshua Armored car (2010 - 2010) Graham (2002 - 2002) Ja- Jamaica maica District Constable Arsonists (2007 - 2007) Ja- Nathaniel Williams maica (2002 - 2002) Jamaica Election officials (2003 - Assailants with knives 2003) Jamaica (2002 - 2002) Jamaica

466 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government (1993 - 2013) Attacker (2002 - 2002) Ja- Jamaica maica Government Parliament Attackers (1999 - 2011) Ja- members (2003 - 2003) maica Jamaica Gunmen from Southside Ausjam gold mine (2003 - neighborhood (Labour 2003) Jamaica Party stronghold) (2002 - 2002) Jamaica Gunmen from Wildman Bank workers (2003 - 2003) Street neighborhood Jamaica (People’s National Party stronghold) (2002 - 2002) Jamaica Industry Minister Karl Ben Campbell - bus driver Samuda’s property (2010 - (1999 - 1999) Jamaica 2010) Jamaica Information Minister Colin Brian Williamson - Ja- Campbell (2002 - 2002) Ja- maica’s best known gay maica rights activist (2004 - 2004) Jamaica Jamaica Defense Force Broderick Wright - 11 (2002 - 2002) Jamaica month-old boy (2008 - 2008) Jamaica Jamaica Labour Party sup- Bus driver Harold Collins porters (2011 - 2011) Ja- (2002 - 2002) Jamaica maica Jamaican Coast Guard Bus drivers (2002 - 2002) (2011 - 2011) Jamaica Jamaica Jamaican government Business leaders (2002 - (1995 - 1995) Jamaica 2002) Jamaica Jennifer Edwards - ju- Business owners (2005 - nior minister of govern- 2010) Jamaica ment (2002 - 2002) Ja- maica Labor Party supporters Canadian tourists (2009 - (1997 - 1997) Jamaica 2009) Jamaica Labour Party members Central Bank of Jamaica (2002 - 2002) Jamaica (1992 - 1992) Jamaica Law oﬃce of Antonnette Central Bank of Jamaica Haughton-Cardenas - head workers (1992 - 1992) Ja- of newly formed United maica People’s Party (2001 - 2001) Jamaica Maritime pilots (1999 - Charmaine Rattray (2011 - 1999) Jamaica 2011) Jamaica

467 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Members of Jamaica Christ for the Nation Labour Party (2007 - (Dallas) church evangelists 2007) Jamaica (1997 - 1997) Jamaica Opposition Jamaica Citizen mob (1995 - 2002) Labour Party (1994 - Jamaica 1994) Jamaica Opposition leader Edward Citizens in Hermitage com- Seaga (2002 - 2002) Ja- munity (2002 - 2002) Ja- maica maica Opposition Parliament Citizens on tour boat (2002 members (2003 - 2003) - 2002) Jamaica Jamaica People’s National Party Coﬀee farmers (2006 - (2007 - 2007) Jamaica 2006) Jamaica People’s National Party Coke (2010 - 2010) Jamaica worker (2007 - 2007) Ja- maica PM Portia Simpson Miller Coke supporters (2010 - (2007 - 2007) Jamaica 2010) Jamaica Police (1995 - 2010) Ja- Commissioner of Correc- maica tions John Prescod (1997 - 1997) Jamaica Police Constable Dean- Construction workers at court Wright (2005 - 2005) Bahia Principe Hotel (2006 Jamaica - 2006) Jamaica Police Cpl. Hewitt Chan- Conurban Transit (2000 - dler (2005 - 2005) Jamaica 2000) Jamaica Police oﬃcer (2001 - 2001) Conurban Transit bus Jamaica workers (2000 - 2000) Jamaica Police station (2001 - 2011) Crew of Panamanian ship Jamaica (1996 - 1996) Jamaica Policeman (2005 - 2005) Cuban refugees (1996 - Jamaica 1996) Jamaica Prime Minister P.J. Patter- Damien White, Lester son (2002 - 2004) Jamaica Ducket (2002 - 2002) Jamaica Prison guards (1997 - 2000) Delroy Carter (2003 - 2003) Jamaica Jamaica Pro-Government (1993 - Doctors (1999 - 1999) Ja- 1993) Jamaica maica Rival gang supporting Ja- Dunkirk and Admiral maica Labour Party (2001 Town gangs (1999 - 1999) - 2001) Jamaica Jamaica Rival gang supporting Peo- Election day workers (2002 ple’s National Party (2001 - 2002) Jamaica - 2001) Jamaica

468 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Ruling party supporters Embassies of Germany, (2007 - 2007) Jamaica France, Spain, UK (2004 - 2004) Jamaica Sanjay Ebanks - cam- Errol Graham (2004 - paign manager for Jamaica 2004) Jamaica Labour Party candidate Joan Gordon-Webley (2007 - 2007) Jamaica Security forces (2011 - Evon Baker (2004 - 2004) 2011) Jamaica Jamaica Sgt. Kingsley Lyn (2003 - FirstCaribbean Interna- 2003) Jamaica tional Bank (2003 - 2003) Jamaica Supporters of Jamaica Flight attendants (2008 - Labour Party (2007 - 2008) Jamaica 2007) Jamaica Supporters of opposition Frome sugar factory (2006 candidate Edward Seaga - 2006) Jamaica (1997 - 1997) Jamaica Supporters of opposition Gang member Glenroy party (1997 - 1997) Ja- Maise (2002 - 2002) maica Jamaica Supporters of People’s Na- Gang members (2002 - tional Party (2006 - 2006) 2006) Jamaica Jamaica Supporters of Prime Min- Gangs (2001 - 2001) Ja- ister P.J. Patterson (1997 - maica 1997) Jamaica Garbage collectors (2004 - 2004) Jamaica Gasoline truck drivers (1997 - 1997) Jamaica Gerald & Dorcas Brown (2005 - 2005) Jamaica Glassford Collins (2003 - 2003) Jamaica Grocery store (2004 - 2004) Jamaica Group of youths (1999 - 1999) Jamaica Gunman (2002 - 2009) Ja- maica Gunmen (1996 - 2011) Ja- maica Gunmen who killed 3 (1996 - 1996) Jamaica

469 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Gunmen who killed businessman (2004 - 2004) Ja- maica Hannah Town gang (area loyal to People’s National Party) (2001 - 2001) Ja- maica High school student (2004 - 2004) Jamaica Honduran ﬁshing boat crew (2011 - 2011) Jamaica Hope’s killers (2006 - 2006) Jamaica Hope - leader of One Order gang (2006 - 2006) Jamaica Hope (2006 - 2006) Ja- maica Insurance companies (1995 - 1995) Jamaica Jamaica Football Referees’ Association (1995 - 1995) Jamaica Jamaica Teachers’ Associ- ation President Sherlock Allen (1995 - 1995) Ja- maica Jamaican national soccer team (1998 - 1998) Jamaica Journalists (1999 - 1999) Jamaica Labor unions (2004 - 2004) Jamaica Lawmaker (2002 - 2002) Jamaica Lawyers Christian Fellow- ship (2006 - 2006) Jamaica Lenford Harvey - gay man who counsels people with AIDS (2005 - 2005) Ja- maica Local business (2004 - 2004) Jamaica Local gangs (2004 - 2004) Jamaica Lone gunman (2013 - 2013) Jamaica

470 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Masked gunmen (1997 - 1997) Jamaica Matthew’s Lane gang (2001 - 2001) Jamaica Medical workers (2010 - 2010) Jamaica Members of Jamaica’s Air Traﬃc Controllers Associa- tion (1995 - 1995) Jamaica Members of Klansman gang (2011 - 2011) Jamaica Merchants (1995 - 1995) Jamaica Methodist church (2007 - 2007) Jamaica Mob (2013 - 2013) Jamaica Mob of about 20 people (2008 - 2008) Jamaica Mother of local gang leader (1999 - 1999) Jamaica National Water Commis- sion (1996 - 1996) Jamaica National Worker’s Union (1995 - 2004) Jamaica Navardo Hodges - member of Clansman gang (2011 - 2011) Jamaica Nephew of Joan McCarthy (2010 - 2010) Jamaica Oﬀ-duty policeman (2002 - 2002) Jamaica Omar Wedderburn (2001 - 2001) Jamaica One Hundred Lane gang (1999 - 1999) Jamaica One Order gang (2004 - 2008) Jamaica Opposition activists (2007 - 2007) Jamaica Opposition supporters (2003 - 2003) Jamaica Park Lane gang (1999 - 1999) Jamaica Pastor Alex Silva (2008 - 2008) Jamaica

471 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Patricia Howell-Bloomﬁeld (2004 - 2004) Jamaica Petromar Inc. (1996 - 1996) Jamaica Polling station (2002 - 2007) Jamaica Port Authority of Jamaica (2011 - 2011) Jamaica Prison inmates (1997 - 2004) Jamaica Prisoners (2013 - 2013) Ja- maica Private Sector Organiza- tion of Jamaica (2005 - 2005) Jamaica Rappers Vybz Kartel & Ninja Man (2003 - 2003) Jamaica Rastafarian Assembly for Progress and Security (1995 - 1995) Jamaica Ricardo Taylor (2008 - 2008) Jamaica Rival gang (1999 - 2001) Jamaica Rival party supporters (2003 - 2003) Jamaica Rose Agatha Leon - former government minister (1999 - 1999) Jamaica Sam Tyson - chairman of the Sugar Producers’ Fed- eration (1992 - 1992) Ja- maica Schoolchildren (2001 - 2001) Jamaica Scott Thomas - member of Clansman gang (2011 - 2011) Jamaica Slum residents (2013 - 2013) Jamaica Soccer fans (1998 - 1998) Jamaica Spanish developer Grupo Pinero (2006 - 2006) Ja- maica

472 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Stonecrusher Gang (2006 - 2006) Jamaica Sugar industry workers (1998 - 2006) Jamaica Sugar Producers’ Federa- tion (1998 - 1998) Jamaica Superclubs Kingston offices (2001 - 2001) Jamaica Suspected gangsters (2007 - 2007) Jamaica Suspected gay man (2004 - 2004) Jamaica Taxi driver David Bacchas (2003 - 2003) Jamaica Teachers (1999 - 1999) Ja- maica Tel Aviv gang (2001 - 2001) Jamaica Telecommunications of Ja- maica, Ltd. (1996 - 1996) Jamaica Telephone workers (1996 - 1996) Jamaica Tenement housing (2008 - 2008) Jamaica Tivoli Gardens gunmen (2010 - 2010) Jamaica Tourists (2003 - 2003) Ja- maica Transgender teen (2013 - 2013) Jamaica Unidentifed attackers (2006 - 2007) Jamaica Unidentified gang (2008 - 2008) Jamaica Unidentified gunmen (2002 - 2008) Jamaica University and Allied Workers Union and several other unions (1992 - 1992) Jamaica Unknown bomber (1998 - 2004) Jamaica Unknown gunmen (2010 - 2010) Jamaica

473 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unknown killer(s) (2011 - 2011) Jamaica US citizen John Beckett (1995 - 1995) Jamaica Vendor (2003 - 2003) Ja- maica Venezuelan Ambassador to Jamaica Alfredo Vargas- Hirsch (1997 - 1997) Ja- maica Vetha Williams (2003 - 2003) Jamaica Williams of Klansman Gang (2010 - 2010) Jamaica Workers at Ausjam gold mine (2003 - 2003) Jamaica Workers at cruise ship port (2011 - 2011) Jamaica Workers at National Water Commission (1996 - 1996) Jamaica

5.27 Kenya

Government Challenger Civilian Other Administration (2003 - Al-Shabaab (2011 - 2011) Citizens (2007 - 2014) African nations (2007 - 2006) Kenya Kenya Kenya 2007) Kenya Army (2015 - 2015) Kenya Al-Shabab recruits (2014 - Civilians (1999 - 2015) Air traffic controllers (1996 2014) Kenya Kenya - 2002) Kenya Army Base (2015 - 2015) Al-Shebab (2012 - 2015) Unknown civilians (2008 - Airline workers (2009 - Kenya Kenya 2008) Kenya 2009) Kenya Border patrol (2002 - 2002) al-Shebab (2014 - 2014) Airport officials (1996 - Kenya Kenya 1996) Kenya Central Government (2012 al-Shebab gunmen (2014 - Ajuran clan (1993 - 1994) - 2012) Kenya 2014) Kenya Kenya City council security offi- Al-Shebab Sympathizers Al-Qaeda (1998 - 1998) cials (2006 - 2006) Kenya (2012 - 2012) Kenya Kenya Coalition for Reform and Al Shabaab (2014 - 2015) All-Banks Shopstewards Democracy (2014 - 2014) Kenya Union (1998 - 1998) Kenya Kenya Democratic Party support- Angry protesters (2013 - American tourists (1999 - ers (2001 - 2001) Kenya 2014) Kenya 1999) Kenya Education Ministry (2003 - Anti-government Amnesty International 2008) Kenya protesters (2005 - 2005) worker (2013 - 2013) Kenya Kenya 474 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Election officials (1992 - Anti-government tribes Angry mob (1992 - 2008) 1992) Kenya (esp. Kikuyu) (1998 - Kenya 1998) Kenya Election Officials (2012 - February 18 Resistance Another man (2007 - 2007) 2012) Kenya Army (1995 - 1995) Kenya Kenya Finance Ministry (1998 - Islamic Party of Kenya Anti-globalization activists 1998) Kenya (1992 - 1993) Kenya (2007 - 2007) Kenya FORD members (1997 - Islamic Party of Kenya Anti-globalization NGOs 1997) Kenya supporters (1992 - 1992) (2005 - 2005) Kenya Kenya FORD party (1993 - 2001) Occupy Parliament Armed gang (1992 - 2013) Kenya protesters (2013 - 2013) Kenya Kenya FORD party members Organized protesters (2013 Armed men (2007 - 2014) (1995 - 1995) Kenya - 2013) Kenya Kenya FORD supporters (1992 - Prime Minister Raila Armed raiders (1994 - 1995) Kenya Odinga’s supporters (2013 2005) Kenya - 2013) Kenya Forum for the Restoration Protester (2013 - 2013) Armed youth (2001 - 2001) of Democracy (1992 - 1992) Kenya Kenya Kenya Forum for the Restoration Protesters (2005 - 2014) Arsonists (1997 - 2002) of Democracy in Kenya Kenya Kenya (1991 - 1991) Kenya General Service Unit (2005 protesters (2015 - 2015) Athletics Kenya (2015 - - 2005) Kenya Kenya 2015) Kenya Government (1990 - 2015) Sabaot Land Defence Force Attackers (2013 - 2014) Kenya (2007 - 2008) Kenya Kenya government (1997 - 1997) Sabaot Land Defence Bandits (1995 - 2008) Kenya Forces (suspected) (2007 - Kenya 2007) Kenya Government officials (1999 Shebab insurgents (2013 - Bank workers (1991 - 1991) - 1999) Kenya 2013) Kenya Kenya Governor (2015 - 2015) Shebab militants (2013 - Banks (1991 - 1991) Kenya Kenya 2013) Kenya Health ministry (1997 - Taliban (uses the name, Bar (2014 - 2014) Kenya 1997) Kenya but not the Afghan group) (2002 - 2002) Kenya Justice Ministry (2005 - Beer Drinkers (2003 - 2003) 2005) Kenya Kenya KANU (1999 - 1999) Belgian tourists (1998 - Kenya 1998) Kenya KANU members (1997 - Bomber (2013 - 2013) 1997) Kenya Kenya KANU Party (2002 - 2002) Boniface Mwangi (2015 - Kenya 2015) Kenya

475 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other KANU supporters (1992 - Borana (2000 - 2000) 1998) Kenya Kenya KANU Youth (2001 - 2001) Borana clan (2005 - 2013) Kenya Kenya KANU Youth wing (1997 - Borana tribe (2000 - 2013) 1997) Kenya Kenya KANU youths (2001 - Borena (2012 - 2012) 2001) Kenya Kenya Kibaki supporters (2007 - British ex-army oﬃcer 2007) Kenya (2013 - 2013) Kenya Kibaki Supporters (2007 - British farmer (2004 - 2007) Kenya 2004) Kenya Local Government (1998 - British tourists (2011 - 2015) Kenya 2011) Kenya Local MPs (2015 - 2015) Bukusu ethnic group (2014 Kenya - 2014) Kenya Local Police (2005 - 2005) Bukusu tribe (1992 - 1992) Kenya Kenya Magistrates (2005 - 2005) Bus (2013 - 2015) Kenya Kenya Military (2012 - 2012) Busdrivers (1996 - 1998) Kenya Kenya Military guard (2014 - Buses (2014 - 2015) Kenya 2014) Kenya Minister Musikari Kombo Casino (2013 - 2013) Kenya (2005 - 2005) Kenya Mohamed Barre Abdullahi Catholic nuns (2008 - 2008) (2015 - 2015) Kenya Kenya Mombassa police (2001 - Catholic School Boys (1991 2001) Kenya - 1991) Kenya Movement for Change Catholic School Girls (1991 party (2000 - 2000) Kenya - 1991) Kenya MP George Muchai (2015 - Cattle herders (2000 - 2015) Kenya 2000) Kenya NARC Party (2002 - 2002) Cattle raiders (1992 - 2006) Kenya Kenya National Convention As- Cattle rustlers (1996 - semby (1997 - 1997) Kenya 2005) Kenya Opposition candidate Cattle thieves (2013 - 2013) Charity Ngilu (1997 - Kenya 1997) Kenya Opposition MPs (1999 - Christian radio station 2000) Kenya (2006 - 2006) Kenya Opposition parties (1997 - Christians (2012 - 2014) 2004) Kenya Kenya

476 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Opposition Parties (2004 - Churces (1999 - 1999) 2004) Kenya Kenya Opposition party members Church (2013 - 2013) (1992 - 1997) Kenya Kenya Orange Democratic Move- Civil rights activists (2013 ment (2006 - 2012) Kenya - 2013) Kenya Paramilitary security unit Civil society activists (2013 officer (2013 - 2013) Kenya - 2014) Kenya Parliament (2000 - 2000) Climate Network Africa Kenya (2006 - 2006) Kenya Parliament candidate Coffee growers (1999 - (2013 - 2013) Kenya 1999) Kenya Party of National Unity Conservationists (2015 - Supporters (2007 - 2007) 2015) Kenya Kenya Police (1991 - 2015) Kenya Courts (2002 - 2002) Kenya Police officer (1997 - 2013) Criminal gang (2004 - Kenya 2004) Kenya Police officers (2013 - 2013) Crowd (2013 - 2013) Kenya Kenya Police post (2013 - 2013) Danish Embassy (2006 - Kenya 2006) Kenya Police station (2000 - 2000) Dasenetch tribe (1997 - Kenya 1997) Kenya Police vehicles (2014 - Degodia clan (1993 - 2014) 2014) Kenya Kenya Policemen (2014 - 2014) Democratic Party (1992 - Kenya 1992) Kenya President Daniel Arap Moi Detective (2015 - 2015) (1992 - 1992) Kenya Kenya President Kibaki (2004 - Didinga refugees (1999 - 2005) Kenya 1999) Kenya President Moi (2002 - Digos (1993 - 1993) Kenya 2002) Kenya Pro-government groups Dinka refugees (1996 - (2002 - 2002) Kenya 1999) Kenya Pro-government thugs Displaced people (2013 - (2007 - 2007) Kenya 2013) Kenya Pro-government tribes (esp Displaced persons camp Kalenjin) (1998 - 1998) (1996 - 1996) Kenya Kenya Pro-government youth District commissioner (2014 - 2014) Kenya (1997 - 1998) Kenya Raila Odinga and support- Dockworkers (1991 - 1991) ers (2007 - 2007) Kenya Kenya

477 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Rainbow Alliance (2002 - Doctors (2012 - 2012) 2002) Kenya Kenya Riot police (1995 - 1995) Dongiro (2006 - 2006) Kenya Kenya Rival KANU members Egyptian embassy (2014 - (1997 - 1997) Kenya 2014) Kenya Security forces (2014 - Electoral commision work- 2014) Kenya ers (2008 - 2008) Kenya Security guards (2013 - Electrical Workers (2004 - 2013) Kenya 2004) Kenya Supporters of Charity Environmental Activists Ngilu, presidential can- (2005 - 2005) Kenya didate (1997 - 1997) Kenya Supporters of Kenneth Ethiopian raiders (2006 - Matiba (1998 - 1998) 2006) Kenya Kenya Supporters of Masoud Ethiopian bandits (2001 - Mwahima (2002 - 2002) 2006) Kenya Kenya Supporters of Matiba Ethiopian Borans (tribe) (1992 - 1992) Kenya (1998 - 1998) Kenya Supporters of Odinga Ethiopian cattle rustlers (1992 - 1992) Kenya (2005 - 2005) Kenya Traﬃc police (2001 - 2001) Ethiopian gunmen (2006 - Kenya 2006) Kenya Transport ministry (2002 - Ethiopian raiders (2006 - 2002) Kenya 2006) Kenya Wamalwa supporters (1996 Ethnic Indians (1993 - - 1996) Kenya 1993) Kenya Ethnic rivals (1999 - 1999) Kenya Ethnic Somalis (1992 - 2006) Kenya Evangelical Alliance of Kenya (2015 - 2015) Kenya Evangelical church (2014 - 2014) Kenya Export Processing Zones (2003 - 2003) Kenya Farmers (1999 - 2008) Kenya Fishermen (2005 - 2005) Kenya Flower farm workers (2006 - 2007) Kenya

478 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Flower farmers (2009 - 2009) Kenya Foreign Aid Workers (2012 - 2012) Kenya Foreign tourists (1992 - 1992) Kenya Foreign visitors (2014 - 2014) Kenya Forole village (2006 - 2006) Kenya Francis Atwoli (2013 - 2013) Kenya French tourists (2011 - 2011) Kenya G-8 summit (2005 - 2005) Kenya Gabbra clan (2013 - 2013) Kenya Gabra (2012 - 2012) Kenya Gabra clan (2005 - 2005) Kenya Gangsters (1996 - 1997) Kenya Garissa University (2015 - 2015) Kenya Garre clan (2005 - 2014) Kenya Garreh clan (2013 - 2013) Kenya Garreh tribe (2000 - 2000) Kenya Government of Uganda (2014 - 2014) Kenya Greenbelt movement (1998 - 1998) Kenya Gunman (2013 - 2013) Kenya Gunmen (2011 - 2014) Kenya Health workers (2012 - 2012) Kenya Herdsmen (1997 - 1997) Kenya Hired thugs (2003 - 2003) Kenya

479 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Homeowners (2002 - 2002) Kenya Hospital workers (2005 - 2005) Kenya Hotel patrons (2013 - 2013) Kenya Human rights activists (2006 - 2006) Kenya Illegal alcohol brewers (2015 - 2015) Kenya Industrialized Countries (2006 - 2006) Kenya International Criminal Court (2013 - 2013) Kenya International Organization for Migration (2002 - 2002) Kenya Isiolo villagers (2011 - 2011) Kenya Islamic extremist bombers (2014 - 2014) Kenya Islamic militants (2011 - 2014) Kenya Islamists (2012 - 2012) Kenya Israel (2000 - 2001) Kenya Israeli government (2009 - 2009) Kenya Israeli tourists (2002 - 2002) Kenya Italian tourists (1995 - 1995) Kenya John Kelai (2015 - 2015) Kenya Journalists (1997 - 2015) Kenya Justice for Liz group (2013 - 2013) Kenya Kalenjin tribesmen (1992 - 1992) Kenya Kalenjins (1991 - 2006) Kenya Karamojong (1998 - 1998) Kenya Karamojong tribe (1998 - 2005) Kenya

480 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Kenya’s National Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission (2014 - 2014) Kenya Kenya African National Union (1992 - 1997) Kenya Kenya African National Union oﬃces (1991 - 1991) Kenya Kenya Airline Pilots Asso- ciation (1996 - 1996) Kenya Kenya Airways (1996 - 1997) Kenya Kenya Breweries Ltd (2003 - 2003) Kenya Kenya Electricity Gener- ation Company (2004 - 2004) Kenya Kenya Human Rights As- sociation (1998 - 1998) Kenya Kenya Human Rights Commission (1995 - 1995) Kenya Kenya Medical Practition- ers and Dentists Union (1994 - 1994) Kenya Kenya National African Union (1993 - 1993) Kenya Kenya National Irrigation Board (1999 - 1999) Kenya Kenya National Union of Teachers (1997 - 2002) Kenya Kenya Plantation and Agrigultural Workers Union (1998 - 1998) Kenya Kenya Polytechnic Stu- dents (1999 - 1999) Kenya Kenya Port Authority (1991 - 1991) Kenya Kenya Tea Development Authority (1998 - 1998) Kenya

481 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Kenya Union of Small Scale Tea Owners (1998 - 1998) Kenya Kenyan African National Union candidate (2002 - 2002) Kenya Kenyan clan (2005 - 2005) Kenya Kenyan Muslims (2001 - 2001) Kenya Kenyan pastorialists (2005 - 2005) Kenya Kenyan villagers (2010 - 2010) Kenya Kenyans (2002 - 2010) Kenya Kenyatta University oﬃ- cials (1995 - 1995) Kenya Kikuyu (2005 - 2006) Kenya Kikuyu refugees (1995 - 1995) Kenya Kikuyu villagers (1995 - 1998) Kenya Kikuyus (1993 - 2008) Kenya Kiosk owners (2001 - 2001) Kenya Kipsigi gang (1995 - 1995) Kenya Kipsigis (1998 - 2006) Kenya Kisauni residents (2014 - 2014) Kenya Kisii (1997 - 1998) Kenya Labor rally (2002 - 2002) Kenya Labor, student, opposition groups (1998 - 1998) Kenya Land developers (1999 - 1999) Kenya Law Society of Kenya (2002 - 2002) Kenya Legislators (2012 - 2012) Kenya

482 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Luhya farmers (2005 - 2005) Kenya Luo (1995 - 1998) Kenya Luo refugees (1995 - 1995) Kenya Luo workers (1992 - 1992) Kenya Luos (1991 - 1993) Kenya Maasai (2005 - 2005) Kenya Maasai tribe (2005 - 2005) Kenya Maasai tribesmen (1995 - 2005) Kenya Maasai warriors (1995 - 2006) Kenya Mall (2015 - 2015) Kenya Man (2007 - 2007) Kenya Manyattas (1992 - 1998) Kenya Marakwet tribe (1997 - 1998) Kenya Marakwets (2001 - 2001) Kenya Market dwellers (2013 - 2013) Kenya Market traders (2000 - 2000) Kenya Market vendors (1997 - 1997) Kenya Masaai (1993 - 1993) Kenya Masai (1997 - 2004) Kenya Masjid Musa mosque (2014 - 2014) Kenya Massai pastoralists (2009 - 2009) Kenya Massai tribesmen (2010 - 2010) Kenya Men (2014 - 2014) Kenya Mentally ill patients (2013 - 2013) Kenya Merile (2011 - 2011) Kenya Merile tribesmen (1990 - 2005) Kenya

483 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Merrile clan (2008 - 2008) Kenya Minaa mosque (2014 - 2014) Kenya Minibus driver (2002 - 2002) Kenya Minibus drivers (1998 - 2003) Kenya Minibus Drivers (2012 - 2012) Kenya Mob (1998 - 2007) Kenya Mombasa Republic Coun- cil (2013 - 2013) Kenya Mombasa Republican Council (2012 - 2012) Kenya Moslems (1992 - 1993) Kenya Mosque (2013 - 2013) Kenya Motorcycle taxi drivers (2010 - 2010) Kenya Mourners (1997 - 1997) Kenya Mungiki (2002 - 2008) Kenya Mungiki sect (2001 - 2010) Kenya Mungiki sect members (2010 - 2010) Kenya Murule Clan (2005 - 2005) Kenya Muslim cleric (2013 - 2013) Kenya Muslim cleric Abubaker Shariﬀ Ahmed (2014 - 2014) Kenya Muslim cleric Mohamed Idris (2014 - 2014) Kenya Muslim demonstrators (2000 - 2000) Kenya Muslim Extremists (2006 - 2006) Kenya Muslim Human Rights Fo- rum (2007 - 2007) Kenya

484 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Muslim mosque (1999 - 1999) Kenya Muslim Organizations (2003 - 2003) Kenya Muslim preacher (2013 - 2013) Kenya Muslim Women (2000 - 2000) Kenya Muslims (1998 - 2012) Kenya National Council of Com- munity Based Organiza- tions (2008 - 2008) Kenya National Examinations Council (1999 - 1999) Kenya NGOs (2005 - 2005) Kenya Nomadic tribes (2006 - 2006) Kenya Nomadic Tribes (2012 - 2012) Kenya Nubians (1995 - 1995) Kenya Nuer Refuges (1996 - 1996) Kenya Nurses (1997 - 1997) Kenya Odinga supporters (1996 - 2013) Kenya Odinga Supporters (2007 - 2007) Kenya Opponents of constitutional reform (2005 - 2005) Kenya opposition (1997 - 1997) Kenya Opposition (2014 - 2014) Kenya Opposition ﬁgures (1995 - 1995) Kenya Opposition groups (1997 - 2002) Kenya Opposition leaders (1997 - 1997) Kenya Opposition Supporters (2002 - 2002) Kenya

485 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Opposition supporters (2013 - 2013) Kenya Orengo supporters (1999 - 1999) Kenya Orma (2002 - 2012) Kenya Orma clan (1996 - 1996) Kenya Orma villagers (2013 - 2013) Kenya Oserian farm (2006 - 2006) Kenya Pakot tribe (1998 - 1998) Kenya Parents (2012 - 2012) Kenya Pastor Henry Ondiek (2015 - 2015) Kenya Pastoralists (2005 - 2005) Kenya Pokomo (2012 - 2012) Kenya Pokomo attackers (2013 - 2013) Kenya Pokomo farmers (2001 - 2002) Kenya Pokomo villagers (2013 - 2013) Kenya Pokot (1998 - 2005) Kenya Pokot cattle keepers (2008 - 2008) Kenya Pokot people (2015 - 2015) Kenya Pokot tribe (1997 - 2014) Kenya Pokot Tribesmen (2005 - 2005) Kenya Pokot tribesmen (2008 - 2008) Kenya Pokot village (2015 - 2015) Kenya Political aspirant (2013 - 2013) Kenya Political factions (1992 - 1992) Kenya

486 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Political parties (1992 - 2007) Kenya Political Parties (2002 - 2002) Kenya Polling stations (2013 - 2013) Kenya Prison workers (2008 - 2008) Kenya Private developers (2005 - 2005) Kenya Pro-democracy activists (1990 - 1991) Kenya Pro-democracy group (1997 - 1997) Kenya Pro-democracy youths (1991 - 1991) Kenya Professional Athletes Asso- ciation (2015 - 2015) Kenya Property Developer (2015 - 2015) Kenya Psychiatric hospital (2013 - 2013) Kenya Quarry workers (2014 - 2014) Kenya Raiders (2008 - 2008) Kenya Rail company (1997 - 1997) Kenya Rail workers (1997 - 1997) Kenya Reformist groups (1997 - 1997) Kenya Refugees (1999 - 2013) Kenya Rendille tribe (2013 - 2013) Kenya Restaurant (2013 - 2014) Kenya rival coﬀee growers (1999 - 1999) Kenya Rival parties (1998 - 1998) Kenya Roman Catholics (1991 - 1995) Kenya Sabaot tribe (1992 - 1992) Kenya

487 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Salah Abdu Sheikh (2015 - 2015) Kenya Samburu (2012 - 2012) Kenya Samburu tribe (2006 - 2006) Kenya Samburu villagers (2011 - 2011) Kenya Saudi diplomat (2010 - 2010) Kenya School (2013 - 2013) Kenya School Children (2015 - 2015) Kenya Schools (2012 - 2012) Kenya Several rival ethnic groups (Kikuyu, Luo, Luhya, Kisii) (1991 - 1991) Kenya Sex Workers (2012 - 2012) Kenya Sher Agencies (2007 - 2007) Kenya Shopping mall (2013 - 2013) Kenya Slum dwellers (2001 - 2003) Kenya Slum residents (2008 - 2009) Kenya Soccer fans (2000 - 2000) Kenya Sogea-Satom (French construction ﬁrm) (2005 - 2005) Kenya Soldier (2013 - 2013) Kenya Soldiers (2010 - 2015) Kenya Somali bandits (1993 - 1993) Kenya Somali Bandits (1993 - 1993) Kenya Somali clan (2005 - 2005) Kenya Somali gunmen (2002 - 2008) Kenya

488 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Somali insurgents (2010 - 2010) Kenya Somali neighborhood (2013 - 2013) Kenya Somali raiders (2008 - 2008) Kenya Somalis (1993 - 2000) Kenya Sonjo tribe (2005 - 2005) Kenya Sons of Liberty (1993 - 1993) Kenya Soweto slum (2014 - 2014) Kenya Spanish aid workers (2011 - 2011) Kenya Squatters (2006 - 2006) Kenya Stagecoach ltd. (1996 - 1996) Kenya State-run sugar factory (1998 - 1998) Kenya Stone-throwing youths (2013 - 2013) Kenya Street vendors (2006 - 2006) Kenya Students (1990 - 2015) Kenya Students at Kenya Poly- technic (1991 - 1991) Kenya Students at Moi University (1998 - 2003) Kenya Students at Nairobi Poly- technic (2003 - 2003) Kenya Students at Nairobi Uni- versity (1997 - 1997) Kenya Students at University of Nairobi (1998 - 1998) Kenya Sudanese refugees (1996 - 2003) Kenya Sugar factory employees (1998 - 1998) Kenya

489 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Supporters of constitutional reform (2005 - 2005) Kenya Supreme Council of Kenyan Muslims (1998 - 2003) Kenya Suspected child killers, witches (2000 - 2000) Kenya Suspected Islamists (2014 - 2014) Kenya Suspected Somali insurgents (2010 - 2010) Kenya Suspected Terrorists (2012 - 2012) Kenya Suspected terrorists (2013 - 2013) Kenya Taxi drivers (2009 - 2009) Kenya Tea Producers (1998 - 1998) Kenya Teachers (2009 - 2015) Kenya Terror suspect (2003 - 2003) Kenya Textile Workers (2003 - 2003) Kenya The Army of Palestine (2002 - 2002) Kenya Toposa tribe (2001 - 2005) Kenya Town market (2013 - 2013) Kenya Traders (2005 - 2005) Kenya Transport operators (2001 - 2001) Kenya Tribal groups (2007 - 2007) Kenya Truck passengers (2013 - 2013) Kenya Turkana (1992 - 2012) Kenya Turkana men (2014 - 2014) Kenya

490 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Turkana people (2015 - 2015) Kenya Turkana raiders (2008 - 2008) Kenya Turkana tribe (2000 - 2006) Kenya Turkana tribesmen (2003 - 2008) Kenya Ugandan cattle raiders (2002 - 2002) Kenya Unclear (2000 - 2000) Kenya Unemployed youth (1992 - 1992) Kenya UNHCR workers (1996 - 1996) Kenya UNICEF workers (1993 - 1993) Kenya Unidentified men (1999 - 2002) Kenya Union of Kenya Civil Ser- vants (2005 - 2005) Kenya Unions (2014 - 2014) Kenya United Business Associa- tion (2006 - 2006) Kenya United Moslems of Africa (1993 - 1993) Kenya United Nations (2002 - 2002) Kenya United States (2001 - 2012) Kenya United States Embassy (1998 - 1998) Kenya United States Marines (2003 - 2003) Kenya Universities (1993 - 1993) Kenya University Academic Staff Union (1993 - 1993) Kenya University administration (1991 - 1998) Kenya University Lecturers (2003 - 2006) Kenya University officials (1997 - 1997) Kenya

491 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unknown (1997 - 2015) Kenya Unknown assailants (2014 - 2014) Kenya Unknown gunmen (1995 - 2014) Kenya Unknown Gunmen (2015 - 2015) Kenya Unknown Man (2015 - 2015) Kenya Unspeciﬁed (2013 - 2013) Kenya Vehicle passengers (2013 - 2013) Kenya Vendors (2006 - 2006) Kenya Village (2013 - 2015) Kenya Villagers (1990 - 2009) Kenya Vote tally center (2013 - 2013) Kenya Voter (2007 - 2007) Kenya voters (1992 - 1992) Kenya Voters (2002 - 2002) Kenya Werdei (2001 - 2001) Kenya Western governments (2001 - 2001) Kenya Wildlife conservation center (2014 - 2014) Kenya Witches (2008 - 2008) Kenya Woman (2014 - 2014) Kenya Women’s Development Or- ganization (2009 - 2009) Kenya Women (2014 - 2014) Kenya Women deputies (2014 - 2014) Kenya Women human rights activists (1992 - 1992) Kenya

492 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other World Trade Organization (2005 - 2005) Kenya Young men (2001 - 2014) Kenya Youth gang (2003 - 2003) Kenya Youths (1991 - 2013) Kenya Yumbis village (2015 - 2015) Kenya Zanzibar refugees (2001 - 2001) Kenya

5.28 Liberia

Government Challenger Civilian Other central government (1990 - Joint Forces for the Lib- civilians (1993 - 2006) angry crowd (2014 - 2014) 2006) Liberia eration of Liberia (1999 - Liberia Liberia 1999) Liberia Charles Taylor (1996 - Liberia Peace Council Civilians (1996 - 1996) Armed men (1997 - 1997) 1996) Liberia (1996 - 1996) Liberia Liberia Liberia civil servants (2005 - 2005) Liberian Peace Council Butaw Youth Association Liberia (1996 - 1996) Liberia (2015 - 2015) Liberia Congress for Democratic Liberians United for Catholic church (2002 - Change (2011 - 2012) Reconciliation and Democ- 2002) Liberia Liberia racy?(LURD) (2000 - 2000) Liberia Congress for Democratic LURD leaders (2004 - Christians (1990 - 2010) Change members (2011 - 2004) Liberia Liberia 2011) Liberia Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf (2005 LURD members (2004 - civil war veterans (2003 - - 2005) Liberia 2004) Liberia 2003) Liberia Government (1989 - 2015) MODEL members (2004 - demobilized soldiers (1998 Liberia 2004) Liberia - 1998) Liberia government (2014 - 2014) Protesters (2012 - 2013) descendents of the founders Liberia Liberia of Liberia (1990 - 1990) Liberia Health Ministry (2015 - protesters (2015 - 2015) displaced people (2003 - 2015) Liberia Liberia 2003) Liberia Liberian secret police rebel groups (1995 - 2004) Ebola-hit community (1998 - 1998) Liberia Liberia members (2014 - 2014) Liberia local police (2001 - 2005) rebels (1996 - 1999) Liberia Ebola Center Workers Liberia (2015 - 2015) Liberia members of parliament Roosevelt Johnson (1996 - Ebola clinic (2014 - 2014) (2002 - 2002) Liberia 1998) Liberia Liberia

493 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Nigerian government (2001 ULIMO-K (1996 - 1996) Esther Glain (2015 - 2015) - 2001) Liberia Liberia Liberia Opposition senator (2011 - ULIMO - J (1996 - 1997) European aid workers 2011) Liberia Liberia (1999 - 1999) Liberia police (1996 - 2014) Liberia ULIMO - K (1996 - 1997) European Union (1995 - Liberia 1995) Liberia Police (2011 - 2015) Liberia ULIMO (1996 - 1996) ex-government soldiers Liberia (2003 - 2003) Liberia President (2015 - 2015) Firestone management Liberia (1997 - 2007) Liberia presidential candidates Firestone rubber planta- (1997 - 1997) Liberia tion workers (1997 - 1998) Liberia supporters of Charles Tay- forestry workers (1998 - lor (1997 - 1997) Liberia 1998) Liberia former civil war ﬁghters (1999 - 2006) Liberia former soldiers (2006 - 2006) Liberia Foya region residents (2012 - 2012) Liberia George Weah (2005 - 2005) Liberia Golden Petroleum Liberia (GVL) (2015 - 2015) Liberia Grand Bassa county citizens (1992 - 1992) Liberia Gunmen (2009 - 2009) Liberia healthcare workers (2014 - 2014) Liberia international community (2001 - 2001) Liberia Ivory Coast Embassy (2004 - 2004) Liberia Ivory Coast refugees (2004 - 2006) Liberia Journalists (2015 - 2015) Liberia Legislator Sando Johnson (2002 - 2002) Liberia legislature (2014 - 2014) Liberia Leroy Archie Ponpon (2012 - 2012) Liberia

494 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Liberian soccer fans (2004 - 2004) Liberia Liberians (2012 - 2012) Liberia Lofa county residents (2002 - 2002) Liberia looters (2005 - 2005) Liberia Lutheran church (1997 - 1997) Liberia Mandingo tribe (1997 - 2000) Liberia Mano tribe (2000 - 2000) Liberia Medicine Sans Frontieres (MSF) workers (2015 - 2015) Liberia Muslims (2004 - 2010) Liberia Nigerians (2001 - 2001) Liberia nurses (2014 - 2014) Liberia peacekeeping forces (2003 - 2003) Liberia political supporters (1997 - 1997) Liberia Public Procurement and Concession Commission (2009 - 2009) Liberia quarantined citizens (2014 - 2014) Liberia residents of Voinjama (1999 - 1999) Liberia rubber plantation workers (2006 - 2007) Liberia Rubber workers (2009 - 2009) Liberia school children (2001 - 2001) Liberia Senegal soccer team (2004 - 2004) Liberia Sierra Leone refugees (1999 - 1999) Liberia Sierra Leonean motorcy- clist (2012 - 2012) Liberia

495 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Sierra Leoneans (2012 - 2012) Liberia Sinoe Rubber Plantation (2004 - 2004) Liberia soldiers (2004 - 2004) Liberia soldiers, police (2014 - 2014) Liberia students (1999 - 2006) Liberia taxi and truck drivers (1997 - 1997) Liberia teachers (1995 - 2006) Liberia Teachers (2015 - 2015) Liberia UN peacekeepers (2005 - 2005) Liberia UN police (2005 - 2005) Liberia United Nations (1996 - 2013) Liberia United Nations civilian employees (2013 - 2013) Liberia United States (2000 - 2003) Liberia unknown (1990 - 1990) Liberia Unknown bombers (2005 - 2005) Liberia Weah supporters (2005 - 2005) Liberia widows (2014 - 2014) Liberia widows of soldiers (2006 - 2006) Liberia women (1994 - 2004) Liberia youth (2014 - 2014) Liberia youths (2001 - 2001) Liberia

5.29 Libya

496 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other 166th Battalion (2015 - Al-Asabia milita (Asbi’a) citizens (2014 - 2014) Libya 5 Bulgarian nurses and 1 2015) Libya (2012 - 2012) Libya Palestinian doctor (2006 - 2007) Libya Abdel-Hakim Belhaj (2012 Al-Nassour militia (2013 - Civilian (2013 - 2013) activist (2015 - 2015) Libya - 2012) Libya 2013) Libya Libya Ahmed Zubeir Senussi Al-Nidaa Brigade (2011 - Civilians (1996 - 2011) Activists (2012 - 2013) (2012 - 2012) Libya 2011) Libya Libya Libya Aide of Prime Minister Ali Al-Saiqa special forces, civilians (2014 - 2015) activists (2014 - 2014) Zeidan (2013 - 2013) Libya anti-government protesters Libya Libya (2014 - 2014) Libya Air force chaplain (2013 - Al-Zawiyah rebels (2012 - African workers (2000 - 2013) Libya 2012) Libya 2000) Libya Air force Lieutenant Ansar al-Sharia (2012 - Air traffic controllers (2012 Colonel (2013 - 2013) 2015) Libya - 2012) Libya Libya Air force officer (2013 - Ansar al-Sharia and other airport (2015 - 2015) Libya 2013) Libya Islamist militias (2012 - 2012) Libya air force officer (2014 - Ansar al-Sharia charity Al-Bahi oil installation 2014) Libya clinic (2013 - 2013) Libya (2015 - 2015) Libya Air force vehicle (2013 - Ansar al-Sharia militia Al-Obaidi tribe (2013 - 2013) Libya (2015 - 2015) Libya 2013) Libya Al-Fwihet police station Ansar al-Shariah (2012 - Al-Sarir oil field (2015 - (2012 - 2012) Libya 2013) Libya 2015) Libya Army (2012 - 2012) Libya anti-government protesters Al-Sharara oilfield (2014 - (2014 - 2014) Libya 2014) Libya army (2015 - 2015) Libya armed groups (including Al-Shourafa Tribe (2013 - Kadhafi supporters) (2014 2013) Libya - 2014) Libya Army barracks (2013 - Armed protesters (2012 - Al-Sidra export terminal 2013) Libya 2012) Libya (2015 - 2015) Libya Army checkpoint (2013 - Brigade 93 (2012 - 2012) Alassema TV station (2014 2013) Libya Libya - 2014) Libya army chief Abdessalam Cyrenaica Defence Force Algerian embassy (2015 - Jadallah al-Abidi (2014 - (2014 - 2014) Libya 2015) Libya 2014) Libya Army colonel (2013 - 2013) Fajr Libya (2014 - 2015) Allied forces (2012 - 2012) Libya Libya Libya army headquarters (2014 - Fajr Libya (Dawn of Libya) Amazigh Berbers (2011 - 2014) Libya (2014 - 2014) Libya 2011) Libya Army officer (2013 - 2013) Fajr Libya warehouses American teacher (2013 - Libya (2015 - 2015) Libya 2013) Libya Benghazi security chief February 17 Martyrs Ancient shrine (2013 - Fraj al-Dersi (2012 - 2012) Brigade (2014 - 2014) 2013) Libya Libya Libya

497 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other central government (1995 - Federal supporters led by Angry residents (2013 - 2006) Libya Abdeljawad al-Badin (2012 2013) Libya - 2012) Libya City council (2013 - 2013) Gharyan militias (part of Anti-federalists (2012 - Libya Fajr Libya) (2014 - 2014) 2012) Libya Libya Defense ministry forces Haftar militia (2014 - 2014) anti-Islamist activists (2012 - 2012) Libya Libya (2014 - 2014) Libya deputy foreign minister Ibrahim Jedron militia anti-United States demon- Hassan al-Sagheer (2015 - (2014 - 2014) Libya strators (1996 - 1996) 2015) Libya Libya Deputy intelligence chief Islamic State (IS) (2015 - Apartment building (2013 - (2013 - 2013) Libya 2015) Libya 2013) Libya First Infantry Brigade Janzur militia (2014 - Appeal court judge (2013 - (2013 - 2013) Libya 2014) Libya 2013) Libya Foreign, Interior, Justice Jihad leader Ali Ben Tahar Arab tribesmen (2012 - and Finance Ministries (2014 - 2014) Libya 2012) Libya (2013 - 2013) Libya Gadhafi (1998 - 1998) Jumaa al-Shahm followers Armed assailants (2013 - Libya (2014 - 2014) Libya 2013) Libya General Abdelmajid al- Kadhafi supporters (2014 - Armed gang (2012 - 2012) Zwei (2014 - 2014) Libya 2014) Libya Libya General Khalifa Haftar Katibat al-Awfiya (2012 - Armed group (2013 - 2013) (2014 - 2014) Libya 2012) Libya Libya General National Congress Khadafi (2012 - 2012) Armed groups (2013 - (2013 - 2014) Libya Libya 2013) Libya General National Congress Khadafi loyalists (2012 - armed groups (2015 - 2015) guards (2013 - 2013) Libya 2012) Libya Libya General National Congress Khalifa Haftar’s militia armed Islamists (2014 - members, parliament (2014 (2014 - 2014) Libya 2014) Libya - 2014) Libya General National Kurdish rebels (1998 - Armed men (2012 - 2013) Congress, pro-government 1998) Libya Libya militias (2014 - 2014) Libya government’s head offices Libya Shield Brigade (2012 Armed militiamen (2013 - (2014 - 2014) Libya - 2012) Libya 2013) Libya Government (1993 - 2013) Libya Shield Force (2014 - Armed mob (2013 - 2013) Libya 2015) Libya Libya government (2014 - 2015) Libya Shield government armed residents (2015 - Libya militia (2013 - 2013) Libya 2015) Libya government air force (2015 Libyan al-Gamaa al- Army of Islam (2014 - - 2015) Libya Islamiyya (1996 - 1996) 2014) Libya Libya government armed forces Libyan Shield (2012 - 2012) army officer (2014 - 2014) (2015 - 2015) Libya Libya Libya

498 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other government army (2015 - Mokhtar Belmokhtar (2015 Assad government (2012 - 2015) Libya - 2015) Libya 2012) Libya Government ballots (2012 - Mujahedeen Council of Assailants (2013 - 2013) 2012) Libya Dern (2015 - 2015) Libya Libya government forces (2015 - Mujahedeen Council of Attacker (2013 - 2013) 2015) Libya Derna (2015 - 2015) Libya Libya Hassan al-Droui (deputy Nov. 9 movement (2013 - Attackers (2013 - 2013) minister for industry) 2013) Libya Libya (2014 - 2014) Libya interim Prime Minister Ab- Operation Room of Libya’s Awlad Suleiman tribe dullah al-Thani (2014 - Revolutionaries (2014 - (2014 - 2014) Libya 2014) Libya 2014) Libya Interior Minister/Deputy Operations Cell of Libyan Bani Walid (2012 - 2012) Prime Minister Seddik Revolutionaries (2013 - Libya Abdelkarim (2014 - 2014) 2013) Libya Libya Interior Ministry (2013 - Operations Cell of Libyan Benghazi (2015 - 2015) 2013) Libya Revolutionaries, Fajr Libya Libya (2014 - 2014) Libya Interior ministry brigade pro-Fajr Libya demonstra- Benghazi city council (2013 (2012 - 2012) Libya tors (2014 - 2014) Libya - 2013) Libya Interior ministry unit Pro-Kadhafi fighters (2013 Benghazi Medical Centre (2014 - 2014) Libya - 2013) Libya (2012 - 2012) Libya Islamic Martyrs’ Move- Rafallah al-Sahati (2014 - Benina air base (2014 - ment (1996 - 1996) Libya 2014) Libya 2014) Libya Justice Ministry (2013 - Ragdalein militia (2012 - Berber community (2013 - 2013) Libya 2012) Libya 2013) Libya Libya’s unified military Rebel forces (2011 - 2011) Berber minority (2013 - forces (2012 - 2012) Libya Libya 2013) Libya Libyan air force comman- Rebel militia (2011 - 2011) Berber organizations (2014 der (2013 - 2013) Libya Libya - 2014) Libya Libyan air force officer Rebel militias (2012 - 2012) Berber protesters (2013 - (2013 - 2013) Libya Libya 2013) Libya Libyan army (2011 - 2014) rebels (2014 - 2014) Libya boat traffickers (2015 - Libya 2015) Libya Libyan army colonel (2013 Saraya Swehli militia (2012 bomb (2015 - 2015) Libya - 2013) Libya - 2012) Libya Libyan army officer (2013 - Shabab Al-Tawhid (2014 - Bomb plotters (2012 - 2013) Libya 2014) Libya 2012) Libya Libyan army special forces Shield of Libya headquar- Bomber (2013 - 2013) (2013 - 2013) Libya ters (2013 - 2013) Libya Libya Libyan military (1996 - Shura Council of Beng- Border guards (2014 - 1996) Libya hazi Revolutionaries (2014 2014) Libya - 2014) Libya

499 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Libyan Muslim Brother- Shura Council of Benghazi Braghtha tribe members hood (2013 - 2013) Libya Revolutionaries (Ansar (2013 - 2013) Libya al-Sharia, February 17 Brigade and their businesses, Rafallah al-Sahati militia) (2014 - 2014) Libya Libyan security forces Shura Council of Darna’s British diplomatic convoy (2013 - 2013) Libya Jihadis (2015 - 2015) Libya (2012 - 2012) Libya Libyan special forces (2013 Shura Council of Islamic British embassy convoy - 2013) Libya Youth (2014 - 2014) Libya (2014 - 2014) Libya Lt. Col. Abdel-Salam Souk al-Joumma militia British journalists and al-Mahdawi (2013 - 2013) (2013 - 2013) Libya Libyan companions (2012 Libya - 2012) Libya Military (2013 - 2013) Tarhouna militia (2012 - British maintenance Libya 2012) Libya worker (2014 - 2014) Libya military (2015 - 2015) The Martyrs Brigade of British teacher David Bo- Libya Gharyan (2012 - 2012) lam (2014 - 2014) Libya Libya military academy (2014 - The Shield of Libya (2013 - Bulgaria (2002 - 2005) 2014) Libya 2013) Libya Libya Military barracks (2013 - Yefran and other militia Caf (2013 - 2013) Libya 2013) Libya (2012 - 2012) Libya Military base (2013 - 2013) Zintan’s al-Qaaqaa Captors (2012 - 2012) Libya Brigade, Zintan’s Al- Libya Sawaiq Brigade (2014 - 2014) Libya military checkpoints (2015 car bomb (2015 - 2015) - 2015) Libya Libya Military Colonel and his Cars (2013 - 2013) Libya entourage (2013 - 2013) Libya Military faction (1993 - Catholic priest and nuns 1993) Libya (2012 - 2012) Libya military intelligence base Central Bank vehicles (2014 - 2014) Libya (2014 - 2014) Libya Military intelligence oﬃcial chemical goods factor, food (2013 - 2013) Libya depot, port, migrant workers, civilians (Islamist location) (2014 - 2014) Libya Military oﬃcer (2013 - Chinese construction engi- 2013) Libya neer (2014 - 2014) Libya Military patrol (2013 - Christian Iraqi professor 2013) Libya (2014 - 2014) Libya Military post (2013 - 2013) Church (2013 - 2013) Libya Libya

500 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Military tribunal (2012 - civic groups (2014 - 2014) 2012) Libya Libya Military units (2013 - 2013) Cleric Slaeh Aharaka (2014 Libya - 2014) Libya MP Abu Bakr Maddur Colonel Abdelkarim Mah- (2014 - 2014) Libya fud (2012 - 2012) Libya MP Mustafa Abushagur Colonel Adem Faraj al- (2014 - 2014) Libya Abdelli (2014 - 2014) Libya Muslim Brotherhood offi- commando (2014 - 2014) cial (2013 - 2013) Libya Libya National army (2012 - Commando Farag Abou 2012) Libya Khosheim (2014 - 2014) Libya National Army (Special constitution drafting panel Forces and army) (2014 - (2014 - 2014) Libya 2014) Libya Naval officer (2013 - 2013) Coptic Christian couple Libya (2014 - 2014) Libya Parliament (2013 - 2014) Coptic church (2012 - Libya 2012) Libya parliament (2014 - 2014) Corinthia Hotel (2015 - Libya 2015) Libya Party of Justice and Con- Council official (2013 - struction (2013 - 2013) 2013) Libya Libya Police (2012 - 2012) Libya Courthouse (2012 - 2013) Libya Police colonel (2013 - 2013) courthouse (2014 - 2014) Libya Libya Police convoy (2013 - 2013) courthouse guards (2014 - Libya 2014) Libya Police headquarters (2012 - criminal court (2006 - 2012) Libya 2006) Libya police headquarters (2015 - Criminals (2013 - 2013) 2015) Libya Libya Police officer (2013 - 2013) Darna residents (2012 - Libya 2012) Libya Police Officers (2013 - Darna security chief (2012 2013) Libya - 2012) Libya police officers (2014 - 2014) demonstrators (1992 - Libya 1998) Libya Police officers (2014 - 2014) Demonstrators (2012 - Libya 2013) Libya Police Post (2013 - 2013) Disabled former rebels Libya (2013 - 2013) Libya

501 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Police station (2012 - 2013) Doctor (2013 - 2013) Libya Libya police station (2014 - 2015) Egypt (1996 - 1996) Libya Libya police station (Berses post) Egypt, UAE (2014 - 2014) (2014 - 2014) Libya Libya Police stations (2012 - Egyptian air force (2015 - 2013) Libya 2015) Libya Police vehicle (2013 - 2013) Egyptian and foreign na- Libya tionals (2014 - 2014) Libya Policeman (2013 - 2013) Egyptian Christians (2014 Libya - 2015) Libya Policemen (2013 - 2013) Egyptian consulate (2013 - Libya 2013) Libya President of Libya’s na- Egyptian Coptic Chris- tional assembly (2013 - tians (2015 - 2015) Libya 2013) Libya Prime Minister (2013 - Egyptian Coptic church 2013) Libya (2013 - 2013) Libya prime minister (2015 - Egyptian diplomat, Egyp- 2015) Libya tian cultural attach (2014 - 2014) Libya Prime Minister Abdullah Egyptian government al-Thani, interim govern- (1995 - 1995) Libya ment cabinet (2014 - 2014) Libya Prime Minister Abdullah Egyptian Mohamed al-Thinni (2014 - 2014) Ahmed Mohamed (2014 - Libya 2014) Libya Prime Minister Ahmed Mi- Egyptian ruler Hussein itig (2014 - 2014) Libya Tantawi (2012 - 2012) Libya Prime Minister Ali Zidan Egyptian trucks (2014 - (2014 - 2014) Libya 2014) Libya Prime Minister Mustafa El-Manshisha tribe (2012 - Abu Shagur (2012 - 2012) 2012) Libya Libya pro-government fighters Election officials (2012 - (2015 - 2015) Libya 2012) Libya pro-government forces Electoral commission of- (2015 - 2015) Libya fices (2012 - 2012) Libya Pro-government militants Electoral official (2013 - (2013 - 2013) Libya 2013) Libya Pro-government militia Electrical power plant (2012 - 2012) Libya manager (2013 - 2013) Libya

502 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Pro-government militia Emirati police officer (2015 building (2013 - 2013) - 2015) Libya Libya pro-government mili- Eni offices (2015 - 2015) tiaman (2014 - 2014) Libya Libya pro-Haftar demonstrators Ethiopian Christians (2015 (2014 - 2014) Libya - 2015) Libya Qadhafi supporters (2005 - Ex-rebel brigade headquar- 2005) Libya ters (2013 - 2013) Libya Regional military police Ex-rebel protesters (2013 - chief (2013 - 2013) Libya 2013) Libya senior intelligence officer Ex-spy chief’s daughter (2015 - 2015) Libya (2013 - 2013) Libya Senior Naval Officer (2013 expelled Palestinians (1995 - 2013) Libya - 1995) Libya Senior police officer (2013 - Extremists (2013 - 2013) 2013) Libya Libya Special forces unit (pro- Fairground (2013 - 2013) Haftar) (2014 - 2014) Libya Libya state-backed militia (2014 - families of HIV infected 2014) Libya children (2002 - 2007) Libya The Alliance for National Federal supporters (2012 - Forces (2012 - 2012) Libya 2012) Libya Traffic policemen (2013 - Federalists (2012 - 2012) 2013) Libya Libya Tripoli city council (2013 - Filipina nurse (2014 - 2014) 2013) Libya Libya Tripoli government (2015 - Filipino construction 2015) Libya worker (2014 - 2014) Libya Tripoli government forces Football club coach (2013 - (2015 - 2015) Libya 2013) Libya Tripoli government heli- Foreigners (2013 - 2013) copter (2015 - 2015) Libya Libya Tripoli parliament (2015 - Former judge (2013 - 2013) 2015) Libya Libya Tripoli police chief Col. Former Khadafi colonel Mohammed Sweissi (2014 - (2012 - 2012) Libya 2014) Libya Tripoli prison (2015 - 2015) Former Khadafi officers Libya (2012 - 2012) Libya Tripoli Revolutionaries Former Khadafi official Brigade (2015 - 2015) (2012 - 2012) Libya Libya

503 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Former member of Kad- hafi’s security services (2013 - 2013) Libya Former police officer (2013 - 2013) Libya Former police sergeant (2013 - 2013) Libya former prosecutor general Abdelaziz al-Hasadi (2014 - 2014) Libya Former rebel (2013 - 2013) Libya former rebel chief Makhluf al-Ferjani (2014 - 2014) Libya Former rebels (2012 - 2013) Libya Former security officer (2013 - 2013) Libya former soldier (2014 - 2014) Libya French consul (2013 - 2013) Libya French embassy (2013 - 2013) Libya French engineer Patrice Real (2014 - 2014) Libya Funeral mourners (2013 - 2013) Libya Gaddadfa tribe (2014 - 2014) Libya Ghadames (2012 - 2012) Libya governments supporting UN embargo resolution (1992 - 1992) Libya Greek embassy (2013 - 2013) Libya Guards (2012 - 2012) Libya Gunmen (1996 - 2013) Libya gunmen (2015 - 2015) Libya

504 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Han Seak-Woo (Head of Libya unit of Korea Trade- Investment Promotion Agency) (2014 - 2014) Libya Hardline Islamists (2012 - 2012) Libya Hospital (2013 - 2013) Libya Hospital patient (2013 - 2013) Libya hospital workers (2015 - 2015) Libya Hussam al-Raaid, former Khadafi officer (2012 - 2012) Libya Indian doctor (2014 - 2014) Libya intelligence officer Colonel Ibrahim al-Senussi Akila, citizens (2014 - 2014) Libya International Committee of the Red Cross (2012 - 2012) Libya Iranian ambassador (2015 - 2015) Libya Islamic fundamentalists (2012 - 2012) Libya Islamic hard-liners (2013 - 2013) Libya Islamic militants (1996 - 2015) Libya Islamic militiamen (2014 - 2014) Libya Islamic suicide bomber (2014 - 2014) Libya Islamic terrorists (2012 - 2012) Libya Islamist gunmen (1996 - 1996) Libya Islamist militants (2015 - 2015) Libya Islamist militia (2014 - 2015) Libya Islamist militiamen (2014 - 2014) Libya

505 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Islamist militias (2015 - 2015) Libya Islamist parliament members (2014 - 2014) Libya Islamists (2013 - 2013) Libya Israel (1996 - 2004) Libya Italian consul (2013 - 2013) Libya Italian embassy (2013 - 2013) Libya Italian engineer Gianluca Salviato (2014 - 2014) Libya Italian engineer Marco Val- lisa (2014 - 2014) Libya Italian oil workers (2015 - 2015) Libya Italian telecommunications workers (2014 - 2014) Libya Italian trawler (2015 - 2015) Libya Italy (2006 - 2006) Libya Jihadist oﬃce (2013 - 2013) Libya Jordanian ambassador Fawaz Aitan (2014 - 2014) Libya Journalist (2013 - 2013) Libya journalist Meftah Bouzid (Moftah Abu Zeid) (2014 - 2014) Libya journalist Mohammed al- Sarit (2014 - 2014) Libya journalists (2014 - 2015) Libya Justice and Construction Party (2012 - 2012) Libya Khaled Abu Saleh (2012 - 2012) Libya Kidnappers (2013 - 2013) Libya kidnappers (2014 - 2015) Libya

506 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Knife-wielding protesters (2013 - 2013) Libya Kuwait (2003 - 2003) Libya lawmakers (2014 - 2014) Libya Lawyer (2013 - 2013) Libya lawyer (2014 - 2014) Libya lawyers (2014 - 2014) Libya Libya (2011 - 2011) Libya Libya International TV station (2014 - 2014) Libya Libyan demonstrators (1990 - 1990) Libya Libyan protesters (2012 - 2012) Libya Libyan soldier (2013 - 2013) Libya Libyan soldiers (2012 - 2013) Libya Libyan Telecom and Tech- nology headquarters (2013 - 2013) Libya Libyans (2000 - 2012) Libya Local activist (2013 - 2013) Libya Local militia (2012 - 2012) Libya Mabruk oil ﬁeld (2015 - 2015) Libya Masked gunmen (2013 - 2013) Libya masked gunmen (2014 - 2014) Libya Mellitah Gas complex (2013 - 2013) Libya men (2014 - 2014) Libya migrant smugglers (2015 - 2015) Libya migrants (2015 - 2015) Libya milita (2015 - 2015) Libya militant groups (2015 - 2015) Libya

507 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Militants (2013 - 2013) Libya militants (2015 - 2015) Libya military guard, Awlad Soli- man tribe (2014 - 2014) Libya Militia (2012 - 2012) Libya militia (2015 - 2015) Libya militia checkpoints (2015 - 2015) Libya Militiamen (2012 - 2013) Libya militiamen (2014 - 2014) Libya Militias (2011 - 2013) Libya militias (2014 - 2014) Libya Misrata (2015 - 2015) Libya Misrata journalists (2012 - 2012) Libya Misrata militia (2013 - 2015) Libya Misrata militiamen (2012 - 2013) Libya Mistrata militia (2012 - 2012) Libya Morning Glory ship captain and crew (2014 - 2014) Libya Muslim opposition (1995 - 1995) Libya Nasseb Karnafa (2014 - 2014) Libya National Oil Corporation (2014 - 2014) Libya National Transition Coun- cil (2011 - 2011) Libya National Transitional Council (2012 - 2012) Libya newspaper editor’s child (2014 - 2014) Libya Non-governmental organization oﬃces (2013 - 2013) Libya

508 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other nurses and doctor accused of injecting the children (2005 - 2005) Libya Officers in civilian clothes (2013 - 2013) Libya Official TV station (2014 - 2014) Libya Oil export terminal workers (2013 - 2013) Libya oil field (2015 - 2015) Libya Oil field workers (2013 - 2013) Libya oil fields (2015 - 2015) Libya Oil pipelines (2013 - 2013) Libya oil tanker (2015 - 2015) Libya Oil terminal (2012 - 2012) Libya oilfield workers (2014 - 2014) Libya Omran Ben Shaaban (2012 - 2012) Libya opposition protesters (1995 - 1995) Libya Palestinian supporters (2002 - 2002) Libya Palestinians (1996 - 1996) Libya Partisans of Islamic Law chief (2013 - 2013) Libya Partisans of Shariah (2012 - 2012) Libya peace accords (2015 - 2015) Libya Petrol industry security guard (2013 - 2013) Libya plane carrying weapons (2014 - 2014) Libya Political activist (2013 - 2013) Libya political activist Abdel- Moaz Banoun (2014 - 2014) Libya

509 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other political prisoners (2006 - 2006) Libya Polling center (2013 - 2013) Libya Polling station (2012 - 2012) Libya polling station (2014 - 2014) Libya polling stations (2014 - 2014) Libya port (2015 - 2015) Libya Port official (2013 - 2013) Libya Portuguese embassy (2014 - 2014) Libya Post office (2013 - 2013) Libya Prison (2013 - 2013) Libya prison (2015 - 2015) Libya prison gaurds (1996 - 1996) Libya prisoners (1996 - 2006) Libya Prisoners (2012 - 2013) Libya pro-Iraqi supporters (1990 - 1990) Libya pro-Islamist demonstrators (2014 - 2014) Libya pro-Islamist militia (2014 - 2014) Libya Professor Ali al-Takalbi (2014 - 2014) Libya prosecutor general (2014 - 2014) Libya protesters (1992 - 2015) Libya Protesters (2011 - 2013) Libya Public prosecutor (2013 - 2013) Libya Public prosecutor office (2012 - 2012) Libya Radical Islamists (2012 - 2012) Libya

510 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Radio Sirte (2015 - 2015) Libya Red Cross worker Michael Greub (2014 - 2014) Libya Relatives of the 1996 Abu Slim jail massacre victims (2013 - 2013) Libya reporter Younes Ali Younes (2014 - 2014) Libya restaurant (2014 - 2014) Libya retired air force chief of staff general Ahmed Habib al-Mesmari, other security officials (2014 - 2014) Libya Rival tribe (2013 - 2013) Libya rockets (2015 - 2015) Libya Rojban fighters (2011 - 2011) Libya Russian embassy (2013 - 2013) Libya Russian plane (2014 - 2014) Libya Saadi Gadhafi (2003 - 2003) Libya Sahara Bank (2012 - 2012) Libya Salafists (2012 - 2012) Libya Salwa Bugaighis’ guard (2014 - 2014) Libya Saudi Crown Prince Ab- dullah bin Abdul Aziz (2003 - 2003) Libya Save Benghazi (2012 - 2012) Libya School (2013 - 2013) Libya secular lawmakers (2014 - 2014) Libya Security checkpoint (2013 - 2013) Libya security chief (2015 - 2015) Libya Security forces (2012 - 2012) Libya

511 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other security forces (2014 - 2014) Libya Security members (2013 - 2013) Libya security officer (2014 - 2014) Libya security officials (2014 - 2014) Libya Security patrol (2012 - 2013) Libya security personnel (2015 - 2015) Libya Security Service members (2013 - 2013) Libya Security services (2011 - 2011) Libya Senior Navy Officer’s son (2013 - 2013) Libya Senior officer (2013 - 2013) Libya Serbian embassy employees (2015 - 2015) Libya Sheikh Abdullah al-Fussay (2012 - 2012) Libya Sheikh Mansur Abdelka- rim al-Baraassi (2014 - 2014) Libya ships off Benghazi (2015 - 2015) Libya Sirte airport (2015 - 2015) Libya soccer fans (1996 - 2003) Libya Soldier (2013 - 2013) Libya soldier (2014 - 2014) Libya Soldiers (2013 - 2014) Libya soldiers (2014 - 2014) Libya South Korean embassy (2015 - 2015) Libya Spanish embassy (2015 - 2015) Libya Special forces (2013 - 2013) Libya

512 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other special forces (2014 - 2014) Libya special forces oﬃcers (2014 - 2014) Libya Special forces patrol (2013 - 2013) Libya Special forces soldier (2013 - 2013) Libya Special forces soldiers (2013 - 2013) Libya special forces soldiers (2014 - 2014) Libya Students of University of Ghar Yunis (2012 - 2012) Libya Suﬁ muslim shrines (2012 - 2012) Libya Suicide bomber (2013 - 2013) Libya suicide bomber (2014 - 2014) Libya suicide bombers (2014 - 2014) Libya Supporters of the Political Isolation Law (2013 - 2013) Libya suspected former rebels (2014 - 2014) Libya Swedish consulate (2013 - 2013) Libya Swiss ambassador’s house (2014 - 2014) Libya Switzerland (2008 - 2008) Libya Syrian National Council supporters (2012 - 2012) Libya Syrian refugees (2013 - 2013) Libya Tabu tribe (2013 - 2014) Libya Tawergha people (2014 - 2014) Libya Teachers (2013 - 2013) Libya

513 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Television crew (2013 - 2013) Libya Televisision station (2012 - 2012) Libya Terrorists (2012 - 2012) Libya Tibesti hotel (2014 - 2014) Libya Tobu (2012 - 2012) Libya Toubou people (2014 - 2014) Libya Toubou tribe (2013 - 2013) Libya Townspeople (2013 - 2013) Libya Tribal chief (2013 - 2013) Libya Tribe (2013 - 2013) Libya Tribesmen (2012 - 2012) Libya Tripoli-aligned forces (2015 - 2015) Libya Tripoli-based militia (2013 - 2013) Libya Tripoli airport (2012 - 2015) Libya Tripoli authorities (2015 - 2015) Libya Tripoli militia (2012 - 2012) Libya Tuareg tribesmen (2012 - 2012) Libya Tunisian consulate (2012 - 2014) Libya Tunisian consulate employees (2015 - 2015) Libya Tunisian diplomat Al- Aroussi Kontassi (2014 - 2014) Libya Tunisian embassy employee Mohamed Bencheikh (2014 - 2014) Libya Tunisian journalist Soﬁene Chourabi (2014 - 2014) Libya

514 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Tunisian national carrier representative (2013 - 2013) Libya Tunisian workers (2012 - 2012) Libya Tunisians (2012 - 2015) Libya Turkey (1998 - 1998) Libya Turkish cargo vessel (2015 - 2015) Libya TV Station (2013 - 2013) Libya TV station (2015 - 2015) Libya TV station Al-Assima (2014 - 2014) Libya U.S. consulate (2013 - 2013) Libya U.S. diplomatic mission (2012 - 2012) Libya UAE embassy (2013 - 2014) Libya Ukrainian doctor (2014 - 2014) Libya UN (1992 - 1995) Libya UN convoy (2012 - 2012) Libya UN offices (2014 - 2014) Libya Unarmed Libyan soldiers (2013 - 2013) Libya Unidentified gunmen (2012 - 2012) Libya unidentified people (2014 - 2014) Libya United Nations (1998 - 2001) Libya United Nations officials (2012 - 2012) Libya United States (1990 - 2012) Libya United States consulate (2012 - 2012) Libya United States military (2015 - 2015) Libya

515 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unknown (2012 - 2012) Libya unknown (2014 - 2015) Libya Unknown gunmen (2012 - 2014) Libya unknown gunmen (2014 - 2014) Libya Unspeciﬁed (2013 - 2013) Libya US embassy security guard (2014 - 2014) Libya US military (2015 - 2015) Libya Wadi Ahmar (2012 - 2012) Libya Warshefana Brigade (2011 - 2011) Libya Wershifana tribe (2013 - 2013) Libya West Germany (1990 - 1990) Libya Women’s rights activist Salwa Bugaighis (2014 - 2014) Libya Zawiyah demonstrators (2012 - 2012) Libya Zintan (2015 - 2015) Libya Zintan airport (2015 - 2015) Libya Zintan militia (2011 - 2014) Libya Zintan rebels (2012 - 2012) Libya Zintanis (2013 - 2013) Libya Zwai (2012 - 2012) Libya Zwai tribe (2013 - 2013) Libya Zwara militia (2012 - 2012) Libya

5.30 Lesotho

516 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other All Basotho Convention Opposition army faction All Basotho Convention (three opposition parties) (1998 - 1999) Lesotho (2012 - 2012) Lesotho (2008 - 2008) Lesotho Army faction (1994 - 1994) Opposition protesters Angry mob (1991 - 1991) Lesotho (1998 - 1998) Lesotho Lesotho Basotho National Party Protesters (1998 - 1998) Armed gunmen (2006 - (BNP) and tribal chiefs Lesotho 2007) Lesotho (1996 - 1996) Lesotho BCP supporters (1998 - Supporters of Lieutenant Azanian People’s Libera- 1998) Lesotho General Tlali Kamoli (2014 tion Army (APLA) (1992 - - 2014) Lesotho 1992) Lesotho Civil servants (1998 - 1998) Basotho herders (1998 - Lesotho 1998) Lesotho Col. Elias Ramaema fac- Brigadier Maaparankoe tion (1991 - 1991) Lesotho Mahao (2015 - 2015) Lesotho Democratic Congress Cattle rustlers (2002 - (2012 - 2012) Lesotho 2002) Lesotho Deputy Prime Minister CGM Corporation (1998 - Selomotsi Baholo (1994 - 1998) Lesotho 1994) Lesotho Government (1991 - 2008) Clothing and Allied Work- Lesotho ers’ Union (1998 - 2001) Lesotho Junior military oﬃcer fac- Factory Workers’ Union tion (1991 - 1991) Lesotho members (2003 - 2003) Lesotho Kamoli’s replacement Foreign Minister Monyane Lieutenant General Maa- Moleleki (2006 - 2006) parankoe Mahao (2014 - Lesotho 2014) Lesotho LCD supporters (1998 - Gunmen (2009 - 2009) 1998) Lesotho Lesotho Lesotho Congress for King Letsie (1994 - 1994) Democracy (2012 - 2012) Lesotho Lesotho Lesotho security forces King Letsie III (1998 - (1995 - 1995) Lesotho 1998) Lesotho Lesotho trade and indus- King Moshoeshoe (1995 - try minister’s home (2006 1995) Lesotho - 2006) Lesotho Lieutenant General Tlali Lesotho businessowners Kamoli (2014 - 2014) (1994 - 1994) Lesotho Lesotho Loyalist army faction (1998 Lesotho Employers Associ- - 1998) Lesotho ation (2003 - 2003) Lesotho

517 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Maj. Gen. Justin Mets- Looters (1998 - 1998) ing Lekhanya faction (1991 Lesotho - 1991) Lesotho Military (2014 - 2014) National soccer team (1995 Lesotho - 2000) Lesotho Military faction (1998 - Nurses union (1996 - 1996) 1998) Lesotho Lesotho Parliament (1998 - 1998) Opposition coalition (1998 Lesotho - 1998) Lesotho Parts of the army (1991 - Opposition supporter 1991) Lesotho (1998 - 1998) Lesotho Police (1994 - 2014) Opposition supporters Lesotho (1998 - 2007) Lesotho police (2014 - 2014) Pro-democracy protesters Lesotho (1994 - 1994) Lesotho Police station (1997 - 1997) Sacked workers at a na- Lesotho tional water project site (1996 - 1996) Lesotho Presidential Bodyguards Senior political oﬃcials (2015 - 2015) Lesotho and bodyguards (2007 - 2007) Lesotho Prime Minister (2009 - Shops (1995 - 1995) 2009) Lesotho Lesotho Prime Minister Ntsu Soldiers (1998 - 2015) Mokhehle (1994 - 1994) Lesotho Lesotho Prime Minister Pakalitha South African-owned store Mosisili (2012 - 2012) (1991 - 1991) Lesotho Lesotho Prison (1999 - 1999) South African Defence Lesotho Minister Joe Modise (1998 - 1998) Lesotho Pro-Moshoeshoe protesters South African sheep (1995 - 1995) Lesotho wrustlers (1998 - 1998) Lesotho Public servants (1995 - Taxi drivers (1995 - 1995) 1995) Lesotho Lesotho Royal Lesotho Police (1997 Teaching College (2000 - - 1997) Lesotho 2000) Lesotho secretary Moahloli Mphaka Teaching students (2000 - (2014 - 2014) Lesotho 2000) Lesotho Youth members of BNP University (2003 - 2003) (1998 - 1998) Lesotho Lesotho University students (2003 - 2003) Lesotho

518 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unknown (1998 - 1998) Lesotho Villagers (2002 - 2002) Lesotho White farmers in South Africa (1992 - 1992) Lesotho Youthful Lesotho opposition political leaders (1997 - 1997) Lesotho

5.31 Morocco

Government Challenger Civilian Other Border guards (2005 - February 20 Movement Citizens (1996 - 2009) Mo- Accused homosexuals 2006) Morocco (2011 - 2011) Morocco rocco (2007 - 2007) Morocco Government (1990 - 2014) February 20 movement Action Group in Support Morocco (2012 - 2012) Morocco of Iraq and Palestine (2004 - 2004) Morocco government (2015 - 2015) February 20th activists Activists (2014 - 2014) Mo- Morocco (2013 - 2013) Morocco rocco King Hassan (1996 - 1996) Justice and Spirituality Aid workers (2004 - 2004) Morocco movement (2011 - 2011) Morocco Morocco King Mohammed VI (2012 Mustapha Meziani (2014 - Al Qaeda (2003 - 2011) - 2012) Morocco 2014) Morocco Morocco Magistrates (2012 - 2012) Polisario Front (2005 - Al Qaeda in the Islamic Morocco 2009) Morocco Mahgreb (2011 - 2011) Mo- rocco Moroccan government Algerian detainees (1998 - (1991 - 1991) Morocco 1998) Morocco Moroccan Government Algerian Soldiers (2014 - (2013 - 2013) Morocco 2014) Morocco Moroccan Liberal Party Ali Lamrabet (2003 - 2003) (2006 - 2006) Morocco Morocco Police (2005 - 2012) Mo- Ancient site (2012 - 2012) rocco Morocco police (2015 - 2015) Mo- Anti-paedophile demon- rocco strators (2013 - 2013) Morocco Prison guards (2007 - 2007) Anti Child Abuse Advo- Morocco cates (2013 - 2013) Mo- rocco Pro-government demon- Armed Gang (2014 - 2014) strators (2011 - 2011) Morocco Morocco

519 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other security forces (2015 - Asylum seekers (2005 - 2015) Morocco 2005) Morocco USFP supporters (1993 - Attajdid newspaper (2005 - 1993) Morocco 2005) Morocco Berbers (2012 - 2012) Mo- rocco Casablanca city (2013 - 2013) Morocco Communist party legislators (1996 - 1996) Morocco Danish government (2006 - 2006) Morocco Defense attorneys (2003 - 2003) Morocco Democracy activists (2011 - 2011) Morocco Democratic Association of the Women of Morocco (2012 - 2012) Morocco Demonstrators (2012 - 2012) Morocco Egyptian suicide bomber (1995 - 1995) Morocco Family of accused (2012 - 2012) Morocco FAR Rabat Fans (2013 - 2013) Morocco feature ﬁlm (2015 - 2015) Morocco Femen (2015 - 2015) Mo- rocco Fishermen (2004 - 2004) Morocco Former Western Sahara military prisoners (2007 - 2007) Morocco Four Islamic organizations (2005 - 2005) Morocco French Embassy (2014 - 2014) Morocco French National (2014 - 2014) Morocco Government Austerity Plans (2014 - 2014) Morocco

520 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Husband/Rapist (2014 - 2014) Morocco Islamic extremists (2002 - 2007) Morocco Islamic militants (1994 - 2007) Morocco Islamist detainees (2009 - 2009) Morocco Islamist prisoners (2006 - 2006) Morocco Islamists (2014 - 2015) Mo- rocco Israeli government (1997 - 2000) Morocco Israeli minister (2009 - 2009) Morocco Jailed deported immigrants (2005 - 2005) Morocco Jailed Forward movement militants (1991 - 1991) Mo- rocco Jobless graduates (2012 - 2012) Morocco journalist Maati Monjib (2015 - 2015) Morocco Journalists (2000 - 2008) Morocco journalists (2015 - 2015) Morocco Labor Unions (2014 - 2014) Morocco labor unions (2015 - 2015) Morocco Lebanese government (2006 - 2006) Morocco Leftist Students (2014 - 2014) Morocco Man (2014 - 2014) Morocco Metallurgical Society of Imiter (2011 - 2011) Mo- rocco migrants (2015 - 2015) Mo- rocco Miners (1998 - 1998) Mo- rocco

521 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Moroccan activists (2011 - 2011) Morocco Moroccan Authorities (2014 - 2014) Morocco Moroccan human rights group AMDH (2006 - 2006) Morocco Moroccan Labor Unions (2013 - 2013) Morocco Moroccan media union (1996 - 1996) Morocco Moroccan street vendor (2013 - 2013) Morocco Moroccans (1990 - 2014) Morocco Morocco’s Democratic League for Women’s Rights (2012 - 2012) Morocco Morocco footballers (2008 - 2008) Morocco Moshe Ohayon (2014 - 2014) Morocco Muslims (1991 - 2012) Mo- rocco National Iraqi Support Committee (2003 - 2003) Morocco Newspapers (2009 - 2009) Morocco Norwegian human rights workers (2005 - 2005) Mo- rocco Ouafa Charaf (2014 - 2014) Morocco Palestine (2002 - 2002) Mo- rocco Pilots (2004 - 2004) Mo- rocco Poet Youssef Belkhdim (2012 - 2012) Morocco polling station (2015 - 2015) Morocco Poor youths (2001 - 2001) Morocco

522 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Port workers (2000 - 2000) Morocco Prisoners (1996 - 2007) Morocco Pro-Independence protesters (2014 - 2014) Morocco Pro-Journalist protesters (2013 - 2013) Morocco Protester (2011 - 2011) Morocco Protesters (2010 - 2012) Morocco protesters (2015 - 2015) Morocco Qatar (2003 - 2003) Mo- rocco Royal Air Maroc management (2004 - 2004) Mo- rocco Russian government (1995 - 1995) Morocco Saharawi women (2006 - 2006) Morocco Saharawis (2009 - 2009) Morocco Salaﬁsts (2012 - 2012) Mo- rocco Saliﬁsts (2012 - 2012) Mo- rocco Soccer fans (2011 - 2011) Morocco Soldiers (2010 - 2010) Mo- rocco Son of former Mauritanian president (2007 - 2007) Mo- rocco Spain (2005 - 2007) Mo- rocco Spanish government (2002 - 2010) Morocco Spanish tourists (1994 - 1994) Morocco Spring of Dignity (2012 - 2012) Morocco

523 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Students (1997 - 2008) Mo- rocco Students from rival universities (2008 - 2008) Mo- rocco Sub-Saharan Immigrants (2014 - 2014) Morocco Sub-Saharan Migrants (2014 - 2014) Morocco Swedish government (2015 - 2015) Morocco Textile workers (2010 - 2010) Morocco Trade unions (2012 - 2012) Morocco Truck drivers (2000 - 2000) Morocco U.S. Government (1998 - 2007) Morocco Unemployed protesters (2012 - 2012) Morocco Unemployed youths (2008 - 2012) Morocco UNHCR (2005 - 2005) Mo- rocco Unidentified Assailant (2014 - 2014) Morocco Unidentified Assailants (2014 - 2014) Morocco Unidentified Victims (2014 - 2014) Morocco United States (2003 - 2012) Morocco University graduates (2012 - 2012) Morocco University students (2001 - 2001) Morocco Western Sahara citizens (2005 - 2005) Morocco Western Sahara protesters (2013 - 2013) Morocco Western Saharan activists (2010 - 2010) Morocco Western Saharans (2010 - 2010) Morocco

524 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Wife Khaoula (2014 - 2014) Morocco Women on Waves (2012 - 2012) Morocco Wydad Casablanca Foot- ball Club (2014 - 2014) Mo- rocco Young men (2012 - 2012) Morocco Youth protesters (2011 - 2011) Morocco Zouhair Hilal Mohamed Tabiti (2002 - 2002) Mo- rocco

5.32 Madagascar

Government Challenger Civilian Other AREMA activists (2002 - 3FN (2005 - 2005) Mada- Citizens (2010 - 2010) Agency for Aerial Navi- 2002) Madagascar gascar Madagascar gation Security in Africa (1996 - 1996) Madagascar Army (2012 - 2012) Mada- Andry Rajoelina (2009 - Civilians (1991 - 2009) Ambatovy nickel mine gascar 2009) Madagascar Madagascar (2015 - 2015) Madagascar Army Oﬃcer (2012 - 2012) Forces loyal to Marc Raval- Antananarivo University Madagascar omanana (2002 - 2002) (2012 - 2012) Madagascar Madagascar Army reservists (2004 - Opponents of Didier Rat- armed men (2014 - 2014) 2004) Madagascar siraka (2001 - 2001) Mada- Madagascar gascar Civil servants (1991 - 1998) protesters (2000 - 2015) Bernard Ratsimbazafy, the Madagascar Madagascar murderer of a local nun (2013 - 2013) Madagascar Col. Fidimalala Rafaliar- Protesters (2009 - 2012) Cattle Rustlers (2012 - son (2011 - 2011) Madagas- Madagascar 2012) Madagascar car Forces loyal to Didier Rat- Ravalomanana supporters cattle rustlers (2015 - 2015) siraka (2002 - 2002) Mada- (2010 - 2010) Madagascar Madagascar gascar Government (1990 - 2012) Ravalomanana Supporters Cattle Thieves (2012 - Madagascar (2012 - 2012) Madagascar 2012) Madagascar government (2014 - 2015) Soldiers loyal to Marc cattle thieves (2014 - 2014) Madagascar Ravalomanana (2002 - Madagascar 2002) Madagascar

525 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government of President Supporters of opposition Central Bank employees Didier Ratsiraka (2002 - challenger Marc Raval- (2009 - 2009) Madagascar 2002) Madagascar omanana (2002 - 2002) Madagascar Government of President Chinese-run sugar factory Marc Ravalomanana (2002 (2014 - 2014) Madagascar - 2002) Madagascar Government organized Concert-goers (1999 - demonstration (2009 - 1999) Madagascar 2009) Madagascar Government supporter Concert oﬃcials (1999 - (2002 - 2002) Madagascar 1999) Madagascar Government supporters Constitutional Court (2009 (2002 - 2002) Madagascar - 2009) Madagascar Madagascar Magistrate’s Dissidents (1990 - 1990) Union (SMM) (2004 - Madagascar 2004) Madagascar military (2015 - 2015) European Tourists (2013 - Madagascar 2013) Madagascar Military forces (2009 - France (2002 - 2009) Mada- 2009) Madagascar gascar Opposition supporters of French expatriots (2002 - Marc Ravalomanana (2002 2002) Madagascar - 2002) Madagascar Opposition supporters of hundreds of protesters Marc Ravalomanana (2002 (2014 - 2014) Madagascar - 2002) Madagascar parliamentary police oﬃ- Indian shop owners (2002 - cers (2014 - 2014) Mada- 2002) Madagascar gascar Police (2010 - 2012) Mada- Jirama electricity and wa- gascar ter company (2014 - 2014) Madagascar Prime Minister (2010 - Lifeblood Committee 2010) Madagascar (1991 - 1991) Madagascar Pro-government demon- Lifeblood Committee strators (2009 - 2009) Supporters (1991 - 1991) Madagascar Madagascar Pro-Ravalomanana Local protesting residents demonstrators (2009 - of Fort-Dauphin (2013 - 2009) Madagascar 2013) Madagascar Regional government (2002 Looters (2009 - 2009) - 2002) Madagascar Madagascar Soldiers loyal to Didier man on foot (2014 - 2014) Ratsiraka (2002 - 2002) Madagascar Madagascar

526 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Supporters of president miners (2015 - 2015) Mada- Didier Ratsiraka (2001 - gascar 2001) Madagascar Supporters of rival pres- Mutinous soldiers (2010 - ident Didier Ratsiraka 2010) Madagascar (2002 - 2002) Madagascar Supporters of the president nearly 300 protesters (2014 (2005 - 2005) Madagascar - 2014) Madagascar TIM party (2009 - 2009) Opposition protesters Madagascar (2000 - 2009) Madagascar Opposition supporters (2006 - 2012) Madagascar Other Supporters (2012 - 2012) Madagascar people at bus stop (2014 - 2014) Madagascar Polling stations (2013 - 2013) Madagascar radio Free FM (2012 - 2012) Madagascar Radio Free FM (2012 - 2012) Madagascar Rio Tinto Mining Opera- tion (2013 - 2013) Mada- gascar Soldiers (1992 - 2010) Madagascar soldiers (2015 - 2015) Madagascar Sucoma factory workers (2014 - 2014) Madagascar University lecturers (2004 - 2004) Madagascar Unknown (2006 - 2006) Madagascar Unknown Bomber (2012 - 2012) Madagascar Unknown bombers (2009 - 2011) Madagascar Villagers (2012 - 2012) Madagascar villagers (2014 - 2014) Madagascar young Malagasay men (2014 - 2014) Madagascar

527 Actor Dictionaries xSub 5.33 Mexico

Government Challenger Civilian Other A commander in Mexico Activist priests (1997 - Alfredo Harp Helu (1994 - A family (2003 - 2003) City’s anti-kidnapping po- 1997) Mexico 1994) Mexico Mexico lice (2008 - 2008) Mexico Acting chief of federal po- Alleged leftist rebels (1999 Angel Losada Moreno Accused cattle rustlers lice (2008 - 2008) Mexico - 1999) Mexico (1994 - 1994) Mexico (1997 - 1997) Mexico Agents of the attorney gen- Andres Manuel Lopez Children (1998 - 2011) Accused drug runner (2008 eral’s office (2004 - 2004) Obrador (2008 - 2013) Mexico - 2008) Mexico Mexico Mexico Airport police (2012 - Andres Manuel Lopez Civilian (2005 - 2008) Mex- Accused rapist (1998 - 2012) Mexico Obrador supporters (2007 ico 1998) Mexico - 2007) Mexico Antorcha (1999 - 2000) Anti-PRI demonstrators Civilian family (2008 - Accused rapists (2004 - Mexico (2012 - 2012) Mexico 2008) Mexico 2004) Mexico Antorcha Campesina (1999 Anti government protesters Civilians (1994 - 2013) Accused robber (2001 - - 1999) Mexico (2003 - 2003) Mexico Mexico 2001) Mexico Armed forces (2009 - 2009) Anti government rebels Maria Clemente Cortes Accused thief (1998 - 2001) Mexico (1993 - 1993) Mexico (2001 - 2001) Mexico Mexico Army (1994 - 2011) Mexico Antigovernment protesters Accused witches (2005 - (2003 - 2003) Mexico 2005) Mexico Army barracks (2010 - Arellano Felix cartel mem- Aeromexico (1998 - 2001) 2010) Mexico ber (1998 - 1998) Mexico Mexico Army deserters (2004 - Arturo Beltran Leyva Aggressive drivers (2013 - 2004) Mexico (2009 - 2009) Mexico 2013) Mexico Army garrisons (2010 - Arturo Guzman (2004 - Agricultural Researchers 2010) Mexico 2004) Mexico (2004 - 2004) Mexico Army general (2009 - 2009) Beltran Leyva drug cartel Airline workers (2000 - Mexico (2009 - 2010) Mexico 2000) Mexico Army officer (2009 - 2009) Beltran Leyva faction Alcoholics Anonymous Mexico (2010 - 2010) Mexico (2009 - 2009) Mexico Army officers (2009 - 2009) Beltran Leyva gunmen Alleged cartel members Mexico (2012 - 2012) Mexico (2011 - 2011) Mexico Army police (1997 - 1997) Carrillo Guentes organiza- Alleged drug traffickers Mexico tion (2008 - 2008) Mexico (2009 - 2011) Mexico Army soldiers (1996 - 2013) Cartel gunmen (2009 - Alleged hitmen (2008 - Mexico 2010) Mexico 2008) Mexico Army special forces (2012 - Cartel hitmen (2009 - Alleged kidnappers (2010 - 2012) Mexico 2009) Mexico 2010) Mexico Army troops (1997 - 2012) Cartel members (2010 - Alleged witch (2003 - 2003) Mexico 2010) Mexico Mexico Assistant police chief (1999 Cartel organized demon- Alleged Zetas (2011 - 2011) - 1999) Mexico strators (2009 - 2009) Mex- Mexico ico

528 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Assistant state attorney Comando Jaramillista Ambulance (2009 - 2011) general (2009 - 2010) Mex- Morelense 23 de Mayo Mexico ico (2004 - 2004) Mexico Authorities (2011 - 2011) Democratic Huastec Move- American businessman Mexico ment (1996 - 1996) Mexico (1991 - 1991) Mexico Auxilliary Police (2000 - Demonstrators (2006 - American Friends Service 2000) Mexico 2013) Mexico Committee (1999 - 1999) Mexico Bank police chief (2008 - Dissidents (2004 - 2004) American ICE officials 2008) Mexico Mexico (2011 - 2011) Mexico Bodyguards of a governor Drug cartel gunmen (2008 Angel Salazar Herredia (2011 - 2011) Mexico - 2011) Mexico (2001 - 2001) Mexico Cancun government (2004 Drug gang (2011 - 2012) Angry citizens (2004 - - 2004) Mexico Mexico 2004) Mexico Chamber of Deputies (2013 Drug gang gunmen (2007 - Angry mob (2004 - 2013) - 2013) Mexico 2011) Mexico Mexico Chiapas government (1994 Drug gang hitmen (2008 - Anti-abortion demonstra- - 1994) Mexico 2008) Mexico tors (2007 - 2007) Mexico Chiapas mayors (2001 - Drug gang members (2008 Anti-crime campaigner 2001) Mexico - 2008) Mexico (2007 - 2007) Mexico Chiapas state attorney Drug gangs (1994 - 2011) Anti-crime protesters general (1994 - 1994) Mexico (2008 - 2008) Mexico Mexico Chiapas state government Drug hitmen (2009 - 2009) Anti-drug prosecutor (1999 (1994 - 1995) Mexico Mexico - 1999) Mexico Chief of police (2011 - Drug smuggler (2003 - Anti-globalization 2011) Mexico 2003) Mexico protesters (2003 - 2003) Mexico Chihuahua governor Jose Drug smugglers (2006 - Anti-kidnapping expert Reyes Baeza (2009 - 2009) 2008) Mexico (2008 - 2008) Mexico Mexico City council candidate Drug trafficker (1993 - Anti-strike students (2000 - (2013 - 2013) Mexico 1993) Mexico 2000) Mexico City employees (2006 - Drug traffickers (1999 - Anti-violence activist 2006) Mexico 2010) Mexico (2011 - 2011) Mexico City officials (1995 - 1995) Edgar Guzman (2008 - Anti-war protesters (2003 - Mexico 2008) Mexico 2004) Mexico City Public Security Direc- EPR (1997 - 2007) Mexico Anti globalization tor (2008 - 2008) Mexico protesters (2001 - 2001) Mexico Civil servants (2000 - 2000) EZLN (1994 - 2006) Mex- Anti NAFTA protestor Mexico ico (1993 - 1993) Mexico Congress (2002 - 2007) EZLN rebels (1995 - 1995) Antiwar protestors (1995 - Mexico Mexico 1995) Mexico Congress persons (2006 - EZLN supporters (1999 - Arasco (2005 - 2005) Mex- 2006) Mexico 1999) Mexico ico

529 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Congressional candidate Francisco Rafael Arellano Arellano Felix cartel / (2009 - 2009) Mexico Felix (2013 - 2013) Mexico Tijunana cartel gunmen (1998 - 1998) Mexico Democratic Revolution Guadalajara drug cartel Armed assailants (2009 - Party (1993 - 2006) Mexico (1998 - 1998) Mexico 2011) Mexico Democratic Revolutionary Gulf Cartel (2005 - 2008) Armed citizen militias Party (PRD) (1989 - 1996) Mexico (2013 - 2013) Mexico Mexico Deputy police chief (2010 - Gulf cartel (2007 - 2007) Armed gag (2008 - 2008) 2010) Mexico Mexico Mexico Deputy police commander Gulf cartel inmates (2012 - Armed gang (2003 - 2012) (2008 - 2008) Mexico 2012) Mexico Mexico Diego Fernandez de Ceval- Gulf cartel leader Antonio Armed gangs (2009 - 2009) los (1994 - 1994) Mexico Ezequiel Cardenas Guillen Mexico (2010 - 2010) Mexico Director of investigative Gulf Cartel prison inmates Armed group (2007 - 2013) police (2005 - 2005) Mex- (2010 - 2010) Mexico Mexico ico Director of public safety Insurgent People’s Revolu- Armed gunmen (2010 - (2005 - 2005) Mexico tionary Army (1998 - 1998) 2010) Mexico Mexico Director of the traﬃcking Ismael Zambada / Sinaloa Armed inmates (2004 - and contraband section of cartel (2002 - 2002) Mexico 2004) Mexico the federal police (2008 - 2008) Mexico Disabled policemen (2008 - Juarez Cartel (2008 - 2009) Armed men (1998 - 2013) 2008) Mexico Mexico Mexico Federal Electoral Tribunal Juarez Cartel gunmen Armed men disguised as and headquarters of PRI (2010 - 2010) Mexico federal agents (2007 - 2007) (2006 - 2006) Mexico Mexico Federal Electricity Com- Knights Templar drug car- Armed men wearing hoods mission (2005 - 2005) Mex- tel (2013 - 2013) Mexico (2010 - 2010) Mexico ico Federal government (1999 - La Familia cartel (2009 - Armed prisoners (2012 - 2007) Mexico 2009) Mexico 2012) Mexico Federal judges (2001 - La Familia drug cartel Armed robbers (2006 - 2001) Mexico (2010 - 2013) Mexico 2006) Mexico Federal Judicial Police La Linea (2013 - 2013) Armed villagers (2011 - (1999 - 1999) Mexico Mexico 2011) Mexico Federal legislator (2003 - La Linea gang (2010 - Armored Car (2004 - 2006) 2003) Mexico 2010) Mexico Mexico Federal oﬃcers (2009 - La Quinta Banda (2012 - ASSA (2000 - 2000) Mexico 2009) Mexico 2012) Mexico Federal organized crime in- Leftist rebels (2006 - 2006) Assassin (2008 - 2008) vestigator (2008 - 2008) Mexico Mexico Mexico

530 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Federal police (1994 - 2013) Mano con Ojos (2011 - Assassins (1993 - 2010) Mexico 2012) Mexico Mexico Federal police agents (2007 Mario Aburto Martinez Assassins dressed as sol- - 2007) Mexico (1994 - 1994) Mexico diers (2007 - 2007) Mexico Federal police commander Mataviejitas (2005 - 2005) Attackers (2010 - 2010) (2005 - 2007) Mexico Mexico Mexico Federal police convoy (2010 Michoacan drug cartel Attackers dressed as police - 2010) Mexico (2006 - 2006) Mexico (2008 - 2008) Mexico Federal police helicopter Miguel Angel Beltran Lugo Auto workers (1990 - 2009) (2011 - 2011) Mexico (2004 - 2004) Mexico Mexico Federal police officer (2005 Milenio drug smuggling Autoworkers (2004 - 2006) - 2005) Mexico cartel (2005 - 2005) Mexico Mexico Federal police officers MS-13 (2004 - 2004) Mex- Baja California governor (2009 - 2010) Mexico ico (1997 - 1997) Mexico Federal police station New Generation (2011 - Bancomer banks (2005 - (2011 - 2011) Mexico 2011) Mexico 2005) Mexico Federal prosecutor (2008 - New Generation Cartel Bandits (2011 - 2011) Mex- 2009) Mexico (2013 - 2013) Mexico ico Female activist (2010 - Patriotic Command to Banks (2004 - 2004) Mex- 2010) Mexico Raise the Conscience of ico the People (1998 - 1998) Mexico Filipe Calderon (2006 - People’s Revolutionary Bar patrons (2011 - 2013) 2006) Mexico Armed Forces (2001 - Mexico 2001) Mexico Government (1990 - 2013) Police subborned by drug Basque hunger strikers Mexico cartel (2002 - 2002) Mexico (2004 - 2004) Mexico Government offices (2011 - Presumed Zetas (2012 - BGP International (2003 - 2011) Mexico 2012) Mexico 2003) Mexico Government social workers Protester (2010 - 2010) Braceros (2004 - 2005) (2012 - 2012) Mexico Mexico Mexico Government troops (2011 - Protesters (1992 - 2013) Bricklayers (2011 - 2011) 2011) Mexico Mexico Mexico Government vehicles (2009 Ramon Arellano Felix British embassy (2011 - - 2009) Mexico (2002 - 2002) Mexico 2011) Mexico Government workers (2000 Rebel supporters (1998 - Brother of the boss of - 2000) Mexico 1999) Mexico the Sinaloa Cartel (2004 - 2004) Mexico Governor of Oaxaca (2006 Rebel sympathizers (1998 - Bus company employees - 2007) Mexico 1998) Mexico (1997 - 1997) Mexico Governor Rodrigo Medina Rebels (1994 - 1994) Mex- Business-people (2007 - (2010 - 2010) Mexico ico 2007) Mexico Green Environmentalist Revolutionary Armed Business owners (2008 - Party (1996 - 1996) Mexico Forces of the People (2001 2008) Mexico - 2001) Mexico

531 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Guanajuato state governor Revolutionary Clandestine Cambio de Sonora newspa- (1991 - 2000) Mexico Workers’ Party-People’s per (2007 - 2007) Mexico Union (1994 - 1994) Mexico Guerrero municipal gov- Salvatrucha (2003 - 2004) Campesino Democratic ernments (1990 - 1990) Mexico Front (1999 - 1999) Mexico Mexico Guerrero state (2002 - Sinaloa cartel (1992 - 2012) Campesinos (1992 - 1992) 2002) Mexico Mexico Mexico Guerrero state comptroller Sinaloa Cartel (2007 - Car dealership (2006 - (2000 - 2000) Mexico 2009) Mexico 2006) Mexico Head of state police de- Sinaloa cartel gunmen Casino Royale (2011 - partment (2011 - 2011) (2012 - 2012) Mexico 2011) Mexico Mexico Hidalgo state oﬃcials Sinaloa cartel hitmen (2009 Catholic anti-abortion (2001 - 2001) Mexico - 2009) Mexico protesters (2007 - 2007) Mexico Indian members of PRD Sinaloa Cartel inmates Catholic bishops (1997 - (2002 - 2002) Mexico (2010 - 2010) Mexico 1997) Mexico Indian members of PRI Supporters of Guadalupe Cattlemen (1994 - 1994) (2002 - 2002) Mexico Buendia (2000 - 2000) Mexico Mexico Indian peasant supporters Suspected Beltran-Leyva Celebrity led protesters of the government (1997 - cartel gunmen (2009 - (2004 - 2004) Mexico 1997) Mexico 2009) Mexico Institutional Revolution- Suspected cartel gunmen Central American migrants ary Party (PRI) (1990 - (2010 - 2011) Mexico (2011 - 2011) Mexico 1992) Mexico Intelligence oﬃcial (2007 - Suspected cartel members Central bank governor 2007) Mexico (2011 - 2011) Mexico (2001 - 2001) Mexico Interior Department (2005 Suspected Zetas (2009 - Chiapas Council of Indige- - 2010) Mexico 2009) Mexico nous and Rural Organiza- tions (1994 - 1994) Mexico Jalapa state government Tijuana cartel (1992 - Children led protest (1997 (2008 - 2008) Mexico 1993) Mexico - 1997) Mexico Jose Francisco Ruiz Tijuana cartel / Arellano Children of a journalist Massieu (1994 - 1994) Felix organization (2002 - (2013 - 2013) Mexico Mexico 2002) Mexico Juan Antonio Roman Gar- Zapatista rebels (2000 - Christian Peacemaker cia (2008 - 2008) Mexico 2004) Mexico Teams (2001 - 2001) Mexico Leader of the Guerrero Zeta cartel (2011 - 2011) Christopher Columbus state congress (2009 - 2009) Mexico (1992 - 1992) Mexico Mexico Local authorities (2003 - Zeta cartel inmates (2012 - Chrysler (1997 - 1997) 2010) Mexico 2012) Mexico Mexico

532 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Local court (1998 - 1998) Zeta gunmen (2011 - 2011) Church youth camp (2012 - Mexico Mexico 2012) Mexico Local government (1994 - Zeta inmates (2010 - 2010) Citibank (1991 - 1991) 2006) Mexico Mexico Mexico Local government officials Zetas (2008 - 2012) Mexico Citigroup (2001 - 2001) (2004 - 2004) Mexico Mexico Local Mayor (1994 - 1994) Ciudad Juarez airport Mexico (2009 - 2009) Mexico Local official (2009 - 2010) Civic Front for the Defense Mexico of the Teotihuacan Valley (2004 - 2004) Mexico Local officials (1998 - 1998) CNTE teachers union Mexico (2013 - 2013) Mexico Local police (1997 - 2013) Coffee growers (1996 - Mexico 1996) Mexico Local police chief (2009 - Collective Front of Anar- 2009) Mexico chist Vegetarians (2002 - 2002) Mexico Local police commander Colombia (2008 - 2008) (2008 - 2008) Mexico Mexico Local police working for Columbus Day (1998 - Ismael Zambada (2002 - 1998) Mexico 2002) Mexico Local PRD leader (2007 - Commander of anti-drug 2007) Mexico squad (2002 - 2002) Mex- ico Local PRI mayor (1993 - Committee for Sexual Di- 1993) Mexico versity (2000 - 2000) Mex- ico Local security official (2009 Committee to Defend the - 2009) Mexico Teotihuacan Valley (2004 - 2004) Mexico Lopez Obrador supporters Communal farmers (2001 - (2004 - 2009) Mexico 2001) Mexico Los Aguilares (2002 - 2002) Community vigiliantes Mexico (2013 - 2013) Mexico Luis Donaldo Colosio (1994 Construction workers - 1994) Mexico (2002 - 2002) Mexico Mayor-elect (2012 - 2012) Copper Mine (1995 - 1995) Mexico Mexico Mayor (2004 - 2012) Mex- Costco (2002 - 2002) Mex- ico ico Mayor Cuauhtemoc Carde- Couples (2012 - 2012) Mex- nas (1999 - 1999) Mexico ico Mayor elect (2010 - 2010) Cowboy-hatted farmers Mexico (2004 - 2004) Mexico

533 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Mayor of an indigenous Crime (1997 - 2012) Mex- community (2011 - 2011) ico Mexico Mayor of Cancun (2004 - Crime reporter (2013 - 2004) Mexico 2013) Mexico Mayor of Mexico City Crime victims (1998 - (2004 - 2004) Mexico 1998) Mexico Mayor of Namiquipa (2009 Criminal gang (2006 - - 2009) Mexico 2010) Mexico Mayor of Ocampo (2009 - Criminal judge (2006 - 2009) Mexico 2006) Mexico Mayor of Palomas (2009 - Criminals (2009 - 2013) 2009) Mexico Mexico Mayor of Villa Madero Cuban migrants (2008 - (2008 - 2008) Mexico 2008) Mexico Mayoral candidate (2010 - Cuban prisoners (2006 - 2013) Mexico 2006) Mexico Mexican Army (1995 - Cuban protesters (1993 - 2006) Mexico 1993) Mexico Mexican army (2009 - Daughter of a retired gen- 2009) Mexico eral (2007 - 2007) Mexico Mexican Congress (2008 - Disco (2009 - 2009) Mexico 2008) Mexico Mexican government heli- Discrimination against copter (2010 - 2010) Mex- people with tattoos and ico piercings (2006 - 2006) Mexico Mexican Navy marines Disgruntled city workers (2009 - 2009) Mexico (2004 - 2004) Mexico Mexico City municipal Drug lawyer (2001 - 2001) government (2002 - 2002) Mexico Mexico Mexico City police (2008 - Drug rehabilitation center 2013) Mexico (2009 - 2012) Mexico Michoacan municipal gov- Drug violence (2008 - 2011) ernments (1989 - 1989) Mexico Mexico Military (2010 - 2011) Drunk soldiers (2006 - Mexico 2006) Mexico Military patrol (2010 - El Barzon (1994 - 2009) 2013) Mexico Mexico Military police (1996 - El Buen Tono (2011 - 2011) 1996) Mexico Mexico Morelos state legislature El Debate de Culiacan (2002 - 2002) Mexico (2008 - 2008) Mexico

534 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Municipal government El Manana newspaper (2002 - 2003) Mexico (2012 - 2012) Mexico Municipal jail (1999 - 1999) El Manana office (2012 - Mexico 2012) Mexico Municipal official (2001 - El Norte newspaper (2012 2011) Mexico - 2012) Mexico Municipal police (2005 - El Sur newspaper (2010 - 2012) Mexico 2010) Mexico Municipal police chief Election authorities (2001 - (2005 - 2005) Mexico 2001) Mexico National Action Party Electricians (2010 - 2010) (PAN) (1991 - 1991) Mexico Mexico Naval commander (2007 - Employees of Social Secu- 2007) Mexico rity Institute (IMSS) (2004 - 2004) Mexico Nuevo Leon governor (2011 Employees of the Ameri- - 2011) Mexico can consulate (2010 - 2010) Mexico Nuevo Leon intelligence of- Environmental activist ficer (2011 - 2011) Mexico (2012 - 2012) Mexico Oaxaca state government Environmental activists (2004 - 2004) Mexico (1999 - 1999) Mexico Official in the Attorney Environmental inspectors General’s office (2000 - (2010 - 2010) Mexico 2000) Mexico Officials (2004 - 2004) Mex- Environmentalists (2004 - ico 2004) Mexico PAN (2002 - 2002) Mexico Escalating violence (2011 - 2011) Mexico PAN candidate (2012 - European activists (2010 - 2012) Mexico 2010) Mexico PAN state government offi- Evangelical Protestants cials (1992 - 1992) Mexico (2003 - 2003) Mexico PAN supporters (1991 - Ex-director of a newspaper 2000) Mexico (2006 - 2006) Mexico Police (1994 - 2013) Mexico Ex-federal agent (2000 - 2000) Mexico Police assigned to the US Ex-governor of Colima embassy (2011 - 2011) (2010 - 2010) Mexico Mexico Police chief (1994 - 2013) Ex-prison director (2000 - Mexico 2000) Mexico Police Chief (2006 - 2006) Excelsior newspaper (2002 Mexico - 2002) Mexico

535 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Police Commander (2000 - Exodus for Democracy 2000) Mexico (1991 - 1992) Mexico Police commander (2005 - F-26 (2001 - 2001) Mexico 2011) Mexico Police commander of the Factory workers (2010 - sex crimes unit (2008 - 2010) Mexico 2008) Mexico Police convoy (2009 - 2009) Faculty members (2000 - Mexico 2000) Mexico Police director (2008 - Family (2011 - 2013) Mex- 2008) Mexico ico Police guard station (2009 Family meeting (2008 - - 2009) Mexico 2008) Mexico Police helicopter (2004 - Family of a marine (2009 - 2004) Mexico 2009) Mexico Police homicide chief (2000 Family of the state gov- - 2000) Mexico ernor’s bodyguard (2011 - 2011) Mexico Police informants (2007 - Farm activists (2008 - 2007) Mexico 2008) Mexico Police officer (2009 - 2011) Farm workers (1994 - 2008) Mexico Mexico Police officers (2000 - 2013) Farmers (1997 - 2008) Mexico Mexico Police offiers (2010 - 2010) Farming activists (2013 - Mexico 2013) Mexico Police patrol (1998 - 1998) Feder prosecutor (2005 - Mexico 2005) Mexico Police station (2006 - 2011) Federal agent (2009 - 2009) Mexico Mexico Police stations (2007 - Federal agents (2004 - 2010) Mexico 2009) Mexico Popular Socialist Party Federal drug agents (1991 - (1993 - 1993) Mexico 1991) Mexico PRD (1995 - 2005) Mexico Federal election court (1998 - 1998) Mexico PRD candidate (2012 - Federal lawmen (1998 - 2012) Mexico 1998) Mexico PRD legislators (2001 - Firefighter’s Union (2003 - 2008) Mexico 2003) Mexico PRD official (2013 - 2013) Fishermen (2002 - 2009) Mexico Mexico PRD politician (1999 - Flash mob (2012 - 2012) 2009) Mexico Mexico PRD politicians (2009 - Flight attendants (2001 - 2009) Mexico 2001) Mexico

536 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other PRD rally (2010 - 2010) Food truck (2011 - 2011) Mexico Mexico PRD student supporters Ford Motor Company (1994 - 1994) Mexico (1990 - 1997) Mexico PRD supporters (1994 - Foreign human rights 2006) Mexico workers (1998 - 1998) Mexico President-elect Filipe Foreign tourists (2012 - Calderon (2006 - 2006) 2012) Mexico Mexico President Ernesto Zedillo Former mayor (2005 - (1994 - 2000) Mexico 2012) Mexico President of Mexico (2009 Former police chief (2009 - - 2010) Mexico 2011) Mexico President Vicente Fox Former police commander (2003 - 2006) Mexico (2009 - 2009) Mexico Presidential candidates Former police director (2006 - 2006) Mexico (2003 - 2003) Mexico Presidential guard (1999 - Former police homicide 1999) Mexico chief (2000 - 2000) Mexico PRI (2000 - 2012) Mexico Former PRD legislator (2007 - 2007) Mexico PRI candidate (1997 - Former prosecutor (1996 - 1997) Mexico 1996) Mexico PRI candidate for Oaxaca Francisco Ortiz Franco legislature (2013 - 2013) (2004 - 2004) Mexico Mexico PRI governor candidate Funeral attendees (2010 - (2010 - 2010) Mexico 2012) Mexico PRI gunmen (1997 - 1997) Gang (2011 - 2011) Mexico Mexico PRI legislators (2001 - Gang hitmen (2006 - 2006) 2001) Mexico Mexico PRI mayoral candidate Gang leader (2011 - 2011) (1996 - 1996) Mexico Mexico PRI mayoral candiddates Gang members (2000 - (2006 - 2006) Mexico 2010) Mexico PRI members (2002 - 2002) Gang of assailants (2013 - Mexico 2013) Mexico PRI students (1992 - 1992) Gangs (2011 - 2011) Mex- Mexico ico PRI supporters (1991 - Garcia town mayor (2011 - 2010) Mexico 2011) Mexico Prison (1990 - 2012) Mex- Gas stations (2011 - 2011) ico Mexico

537 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Prison director (2009 - General Popular Union 2009) Mexico of Workers and Farmers (2009 - 2009) Mexico Pro-government protestors Genetically modiﬁed food (1994 - 1994) Mexico (2005 - 2009) Mexico Public security police Grabaciones y Doblajes In- (1997 - 1997) Mexico ternationales (2005 - 2005) Mexico Raul Fernandez Villalobos Greenpeace (1998 - 2010) (1998 - 1998) Mexico Mexico Revolutionary Worker’s Greenpeace Mexico (2009 - Party (1999 - 1999) Mexico 2009) Mexico Riot police (1997 - 2000) Grupo Mexico (2002 - Mexico 2007) Mexico Rival Indian groups Grupo Mexico SA (2006 - aligned with the PRD 2006) Mexico (2004 - 2004) Mexico Rosarito mayor (2002 - Grupo Villacero (2006 - 2002) Mexico 2006) Mexico San Bartolome de los Guatemalan drug gang Llanos Alliance (1996 - (2008 - 2008) Mexico 2001) Mexico Senate (2004 - 2008) Mex- Guatemalan migrant (2011 ico - 2011) Mexico Small town mayor (2010 - Gunman (2011 - 2013) 2010) Mexico Mexico Socialist Democratic Party Gunman in a clown cos- politician (2009 - 2009) tume (2013 - 2013) Mexico Mexico State attorney general Gunmen (1995 - 2013) (2000 - 2008) Mexico Mexico State authorities (1998 - Healthcare workers (2003 - 1998) Mexico 2003) Mexico State congressional candi- Heavily armed gunmen date (2009 - 2009) Mexico (2010 - 2010) Mexico State Council of Indige- Highschool and college stu- nous and Peasant Organi- dents (2010 - 2010) Mexico zations (1994 - 1994) Mex- ico State deputy public safety Hitmen (2008 - 2009) Mex- director (2009 - 2009) Mex- ico ico State government (2001 - Homeless protesters (1992 - 2007) Mexico 1992) Mexico

538 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other State governor’s body- Honduran migrants (2013 - guards (2007 - 2007) 2013) Mexico Mexico State health workers (1995 Hooded gunmen (2001 - - 1995) Mexico 2010) Mexico State investigators (2008 - Hotel guests (2010 - 2010) 2008) Mexico Mexico State legislator (2007 - House of the People (1996 2013) Mexico - 2001) Mexico State penitentiary guards House party (2010 - 2010) (2006 - 2006) Mexico Mexico State police (1994 - 2013) Huave Indians (1998 - Mexico 1998) Mexico State police commander Human rights activist (2008 - 2009) Mexico (2001 - 2011) Mexico State police convoy (2008 - Human rights organiza- 2008) Mexico tions (2001 - 2001) Mexico State police investigator Hunters (2010 - 2010) Mex- (2007 - 2007) Mexico ico State police oﬃcer (2005 - Ignacio Flores Ocaranza 2009) Mexico (2011 - 2011) Mexico State police oﬃcers (1996 - Illegal Immigrants (2003 - 2010) Mexico 2003) Mexico State prison director (2005 In law of the governor of - 2008) Mexico Morales (1999 - 1999) Mex- ico State prosecutor (2011 - Independent Union of 2013) Mexico Volkswagen Workers (2000 - 2001) Mexico State public safety director Independent unions (1990 - (2007 - 2007) Mexico 1990) Mexico State riot police (1999 - Indian-style Catholic tra- 1999) Mexico ditionalists (2003 - 2003) Mexico Supporters of Jesus To- Indian activist (2006 - lentino (2000 - 2000) Mex- 2006) Mexico ico Supporters of Leonardo Indian converts to evangel- Rodriguez Alcaine (2000 - ical Protestanism (1992 - 2000) Mexico 1992) Mexico Supporters of mayor Gar- Indian followers of Catholi- cia Zalvidea (2004 - 2004) cism (1992 - 1992) Mexico Mexico Tamaulipas state Interior Indian peasants (1994 - Secretary (2012 - 2012) 1994) Mexico Mexico

539 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other The Senate (2006 - 2006) Indian protestors (1998 - Mexico 1998) Mexico Tijuana police chief (2000 - Indian women (1998 - 2000) Mexico 1998) Mexico Tobasco state government Indians (1997 - 2006) Mex- (1994 - 1994) Mexico ico Town authorities (2011 - Indians from the Center for 2013) Mexico Farmers and Farm Work- ers (CIOAC) (2005 - 2005) Mexico Town employees (2006 - Indigenous activist (2010 - 2006) Mexico 2010) Mexico Traﬃc police (2011 - 2011) Indigenous activists (2012 - Mexico 2012) Mexico Vicente Fox administration Indigenous peoples (1996 - (2004 - 2004) Mexico 1997) Mexico Indigenous protesters (1997 - 1997) Mexico Individuals Tending To- ward the Savage (2011 - 2011) Mexico Industrias Penoles SAB (2008 - 2008) Mexico Informants (1997 - 1997) Mexico Investigator (2010 - 2010) Mexico Irma Ibarra Navejat (1997 - 1997) Mexico Italy (2001 - 2001) Mexico Jailed businessman (2006 - 2006) Mexico Javier Sicilia (2011 - 2011) Mexico Jetliner (2009 - 2009) Mex- ico Journalist (1997 - 2010) Mexico Journalists (1997 - 1997) Mexico Juarez Trucking Associa- tion (2001 - 2001) Mexico Juvenile inmates (2003 - 2003) Mexico Kidnappers (1997 - 2011) Mexico

540 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Kidnappings (2008 - 2010) Mexico Knights Templar (2011 - 2011) Mexico La Palma prison inmates (2005 - 2005) Mexico Labor unions (2007 - 2007) Mexico Laborers (2003 - 2003) Mexico Lacandon Indians (2001 - 2001) Mexico Las Abejas (1997 - 1999) Mexico Latin American migrants (2010 - 2010) Mexico Lebanese immigrants (2006 - 2006) Mexico Lebanon (2006 - 2006) Mexico Leftist activists (2006 - 2007) Mexico Leftist groups (2004 - 2004) Mexico Local gang (2008 - 2008) Mexico Local jail (2007 - 2007) Mexico Local journalist (2005 - 2005) Mexico Local nuns (1994 - 1994) Mexico Local organized crime group (2012 - 2012) Mexico Magazine editor (2002 - 2002) Mexico Maids (2000 - 2000) Mex- ico Maria Elizabeth Macias (2011 - 2011) Mexico Marines (2010 - 2013) Mex- ico Marisol Macias Castaneda (2011 - 2011) Mexico

541 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Market workers (1999 - 1999) Mexico Masked gunmen (1995 - 2012) Mexico Massacre victims (1993 - 1993) Mexico Maya Indians (1999 - 1999) Mexico Mayan protesters (2002 - 2002) Mexico Mazahua Indians (2006 - 2006) Mexico McDonald’s (2001 - 2002) Mexico Medical staﬀ (2008 - 2008) Mexico Members of the National Actors Association (2005 - 2005) Mexico Men (1999 - 2000) Mexico Mexican Confederation of Workers (2005 - 2005) Mexico Mexican Electricians’ Union (1999 - 1999) Mexico Mexican Electricity Work- ers Union (2009 - 2009) Mexico Mexican farm activist (2008 - 2008) Mexico Mexican Labor Federation (1990 - 1990) Mexico Mexican Mining and Met- allurgical Workers Union (2005 - 2005) Mexico Mexican Network of Com- munities Aﬀected by Min- ing (REMA) (2009 - 2009) Mexico Mexico City Assembly leader (1998 - 1998) Mexico Middle school (2006 - 2006) Mexico

542 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Migrants (2011 - 2011) Mexico Militant Catholics (2002 - 2002) Mexico Militant peasant farmers (2000 - 2000) Mexico Miners (1995 - 2008) Mex- ico Mining and Metal workers union (2006 - 2006) Mexico Monterrey Technological Institute (2011 - 2011) Mexico Monterry transit authority (2010 - 2010) Mexico Motorcycle riding assassins (2010 - 2010) Mexico Motorcyclists (2005 - 2005) Mexico Motorists (2006 - 2006) Mexico Municipal workers (2002 - 2013) Mexico Murder suspect (2010 - 2010) Mexico Musician (2008 - 2008) Mexico NAFTA (1999 - 2008) Mexico Naked cyclists (2013 - 2013) Mexico National Agriculture Transport Workers Union (2009 - 2009) Mexico National Alliance in De- fense of Dairy Farmers (2004 - 2004) Mexico National Autonomous Uni- versity (1995 - 2004) Mex- ico National Campesinos Cen- ter (1992 - 1992) Mexico National Civil Committee (2010 - 2010) Mexico

543 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other National Coordinating Body for Indigenous Peoples (1994 - 1994) Mexico National Coordinating Committee of Education Workers (1999 - 1999) Mexico National Coordination of Education Workers (2002 - 2002) Mexico National Human Rights Commission (1998 - 1998) Mexico National Mining and Metal Workers Union (2006 - 2008) Mexico National Mining, Metallur- gical and Similar Workers Union (2002 - 2004) Mex- ico National Peasant Coordi- nating Council (1997 - 1997) Mexico National Transportation Federation (Conatram) (1998 - 1998) Mexico National Union of Edu- cational Workers (2005 - 2005) Mexico National Union of Mine and Steel Workers (1993 - 1993) Mexico Navy admiral (2013 - 2013) Mexico Nestle (2004 - 2004) Mex- ico Newspaper director (2005 - 2005) Mexico Newspaper vendors (2007 - 2007) Mexico Nissan (1997 - 1997) Mex- ico Nissan Motor Co. (2004 - 2004) Mexico None (2012 - 2012) Mexico

544 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Norma Cornona Sapienz (1990 - 1990) Mexico Noticias de Oaxaca newspaper (2005 - 2005) Mexico Noticias newspaper oﬃce (2006 - 2006) Mexico Nude cyclists (2006 - 2006) Mexico Oil Defense Movement (2008 - 2008) Mexico Online journalist (2013 - 2013) Mexico Opponents of Leonardo Rodriguez Alcaine (2000 - 2000) Mexico Opposition activists (1992 - 1992) Mexico Organization of Peasants of the Southern Sierra (2005 - 2005) Mexico Organized crime gunmen (2008 - 2010) Mexico Outlaws (2010 - 2010) Mexico PAN students (1992 - 1992) Mexico Paramilitaries (1998 - 1998) Mexico Parents (2011 - 2011) Mex- ico Party goers (2010 - 2010) Mexico Peace activists (1996 - 1996) Mexico Peasant demonstrators (1991 - 1991) Mexico Peasant farmers (2006 - 2006) Mexico Peasant group (2003 - 2003) Mexico Peasant groups (1994 - 1994) Mexico Peasant Organization of the Southern Sierra (OCSS) (1995 - 1995) Mexico

545 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Peasant protestors (1995 - 1995) Mexico Peasants (1990 - 2002) Mexico Pemex (2002 - 2007) Mex- ico Pemex workers (2009 - 2009) Mexico Pentecostal pastor (2003 - 2003) Mexico Pepsi delivery truck (2012 - 2012) Mexico Petrochemical plant (2000 - 2000) Mexico Petroleos Mexicanos (2001 - 2005) Mexico Pharaceutical lab (2006 - 2006) Mexico Photo journalist (2009 - 2009) Mexico Pig farmer’s union (2002 - 2002) Mexico Pilot (2009 - 2009) Mexico Plant employees (1999 - 1999) Mexico Planters (2003 - 2003) Mexico Political violence (1997 - 1997) Mexico Pollution (2013 - 2013) Mexico Por Esto! Newspaper (2006 - 2006) Mexico Por Esto!, Quequi newspapers (2006 - 2006) Mexico President of UNAM (2013 - 2013) Mexico Presumed drug traﬃckers (2009 - 2009) Mexico Presumed hitmen (2013 - 2013) Mexico Priest (2009 - 2009) Mexico Printing plant (2012 - 2012) Mexico

546 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Prison gangs (1991 - 2011) Mexico Prison Guards (1991 - 1992) Mexico Prison guards (1994 - 2012) Mexico Prison inmates (1993 - 2013) Mexico Prisoners (1990 - 2013) Mexico Prisonguards (2008 - 2008) Mexico Private radio stations (2006 - 2006) Mexico Pro-choice demonstrators (2007 - 2007) Mexico Pro-Cuban protesters (2004 - 2005) Mexico Program for Equal Partic- ipation of Women (1999 - 1999) Mexico Protestants (2001 - 2002) Mexico Protesters in Oaxaca City (2006 - 2006) Mexico Radical protest leaders (2003 - 2003) Mexico Radical students (2004 - 2004) Mexico Ranchers (1994 - 2001) Mexico Rapists (1995 - 1995) Mex- ico Refugees (1998 - 1998) Mexico Rejected applicants (1995 - 1995) Mexico Relatives of arson suspects (2011 - 2011) Mexico Relatives of criminals and suspects (2004 - 2004) Mexico Relatives of murdered human rights activist (2011 - 2011) Mexico

547 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Relatives of prison inmates (2012 - 2012) Mexico Religious group devoted to Santa Muerte (2005 - 2005) Mexico Reporter (2009 - 2009) Mexico Residents (1995 - 2012) Mexico Residents of Las Huertas (2002 - 2002) Mexico Residents of Los Chorros (2000 - 2000) Mexico Residents of San Salvador Atenco (2003 - 2003) Mex- ico Residents of Santiago Xochiltepec (2002 - 2002) Mexico Residents of Santo Domingo Teojomulco (2002 - 2002) Mexico Residents of Teojomulco (2002 - 2002) Mexico Restaurant (2011 - 2011) Mexico Revolutionary Confedera- tion of Workers and Peas- ants (2003 - 2003) Mexico Rival drug gangs (2008 - 2012) Mexico Rival factions of the Na- tion Union of Trade Union Workers (2006 - 2006) Mexico Rival families (2009 - 2009) Mexico Rival farmers (1998 - 1998) Mexico Rival gangs (2008 - 2011) Mexico Rival Indian groups (1994 - 1994) Mexico Rival land owners (2010 - 2010) Mexico

548 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Rival prison gangs (1997 - 1997) Mexico Rival Zetas (2011 - 2011) Mexico Robbers (1993 - 2002) Mexico Rogaciano Alba Alvarez (2008 - 2008) Mexico Roman Catholic bishop (1995 - 1995) Mexico Roman Catholic priest (2005 - 2005) Mexico Rowdy soccer fans (1994 - 1994) Mexico Safe house (2005 - 2005) Mexico Sears (2007 - 2007) Mexico Section 22 teacher’s union (2009 - 2009) Mexico Section 59 teacher’s union (2009 - 2009) Mexico Security director (2009 - 2009) Mexico Security oﬃcial (2010 - 2010) Mexico Security oﬃcials (2006 - 2010) Mexico Self defense militia (2013 - 2013) Mexico Sergio Vega (2010 - 2010) Mexico Shopkeepers (2000 - 2000) Mexico Sicartsa (2005 - 2005) Mex- ico Sinaloa inmates (2010 - 2010) Mexico Singer (2011 - 2011) Mex- ico Soccer coach (2005 - 2005) Mexico Soccer fans (1999 - 1999) Mexico Soccer players (2010 - 2011) Mexico

549 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Social Security Institute Workers Union (2004 - 2004) Mexico Soda delivery truck (2009 - 2009) Mexico Soldiers (1991 - 2013) Mex- ico Son of a PRI campaign coordinator (2013 - 2013) Mexico Sonora state (2002 - 2002) Mexico Spain (2003 - 2003) Mexico Spanish civilian (2010 - 2010) Mexico Sports journalist (2013 - 2013) Mexico Spree killer (2005 - 2005) Mexico Squatters (1994 - 2004) Mexico Squeegee men (2004 - 2004) Mexico Stall owners (1995 - 1995) Mexico Steel mills (1993 - 1993) Mexico Steel workers (2006 - 2006) Mexico Street clowns (2011 - 2011) Mexico Street vendors (1995 - 2003) Mexico Striking teachers (2006 - 2006) Mexico Strip club patrons (2012 - 2012) Mexico Student activists (2000 - 2000) Mexico Student athlete (2009 - 2009) Mexico Student strike supporters (2000 - 2000) Mexico Students (1995 - 2013) Mexico

550 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Students from teachers colleges (2002 - 2002) Mexico Subway workers (2002 - 2002) Mexico Subway workers union (2001 - 2001) Mexico Sugar cane harvesters (1992 - 1992) Mexico Sugar companies (2000 - 2000) Mexico Sugar workers (2000 - 2005) Mexico Sugarcane growers (2005 - 2005) Mexico Summit Meeting (2004 - 2004) Mexico Suspected crime gang (2011 - 2011) Mexico Suspected criminals (2013 - 2013) Mexico Suspected drug traﬃcerks (2011 - 2011) Mexico Suspected drug traﬃckers (2010 - 2012) Mexico Suspected kidnappers (2009 - 2012) Mexico Suspected rapists (1995 - 1995) Mexico Suspected robbers (2012 - 2012) Mexico Suspicious men (2011 - 2011) Mexico Tatooed protesters (2006 - 2006) Mexico Taxi drivers (2012 - 2012) Mexico Teacher’s union (2007 - 2007) Mexico Teachers (1993 - 2013) Mexico Teaching colleges (2012 - 2012) Mexico Teenage boys (2011 - 2011) Mexico Teenager (2011 - 2011) Mexico

551 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Teenagers (1998 - 2011) Mexico Telephone workers (1998 - 1998) Mexico Televisa Monterrey (2009 - 2009) Mexico Televisa network (2010 - 2010) Mexico Televisa television network (2012 - 2012) Mexico Television actor (2005 - 2005) Mexico Television station (2010 - 2010) Mexico Texas (1998 - 1998) Mexico Topless protesters (2013 - 2013) Mexico Tortilla vendors (1992 - 1992) Mexico Tourism secretary (2009 - 2009) Mexico Tourists (2005 - 2010) Mexico Town residents (1993 - 2006) Mexico Trade unionists (2007 - 2007) Mexico Train (2008 - 2008) Mexico Transport workers (1995 - 1995) Mexico Transvestites (2005 - 2005) Mexico Triqui Indian Uniﬁcation Movement (2010 - 2010) Mexico Triqui Indians (2010 - 2010) Mexico Truck drivers (2009 - 2009) Mexico TV Azteca employees (2003 - 2003) Mexico TV host (1999 - 1999) Mexico Tztotzil Indians (2000 - 2000) Mexico

552 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other UHF Channel 40 employees (2003 - 2003) Mexico UNAM university (2000 - 2001) Mexico Undocumented immigrants (2006 - 2006) Mexico Unidentiﬁed youths (1997 - 1997) Mexico Union dissidents (1990 - 1990) Mexico Union ﬁshermen (2001 - 2001) Mexico Union supporters (1999 - 1999) Mexico Union workers (2006 - 2006) Mexico Unionists (2005 - 2006) Mexico Unionized Association of Flight Attendants (1998 - 1998) Mexico Unions (2003 - 2003) Mex- ico United Nations (2010 - 2010) Mexico United States (1993 - 2006) Mexico University students (2004 - 2012) Mexico Unknown (1991 - 2013) Mexico Unknown assailant (2005 - 2005) Mexico Unknown assailants (1999 - 2013) Mexico Unknown assassins (1998 - 2008) Mexico Unknown attackers (1999 - 2011) Mexico Unknown bombers (1991 - 2012) Mexico Unknown drug cartel (2011 - 2011) Mexico Unknown drug gangs (2007 - 2007) Mexico

553 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unknown gunman (2005 - 2009) Mexico Unknown gunmen (1990 - 2013) Mexico Unknown kidnappers (2008 - 2013) Mexico Unknown killers (2006 - 2006) Mexico Unknown men (2009 - 2009) Mexico Unknown perpetrators (2001 - 2001) Mexico Unknown thugs (1997 - 1997) Mexico Unknown victim (2007 - 2009) Mexico Unknown victims (2005 - 2010) Mexico Unnamed drug gang (2010 - 2010) Mexico Unomasuno workers (2002 - 2002) Mexico Unspeciﬁed drug gang (2008 - 2008) Mexico Upper-middle class protesters (2004 - 2004) Mexico US citizen (2006 - 2009) Mexico US consulate (2008 - 2010) Mexico US Embassy personel (2012 - 2012) Mexico US President Bush (2007 - 2007) Mexico US resident (2005 - 2005) Mexico US soldier (2005 - 2005) Mexico Used car dealers (2010 - 2010) Mexico Valentin Elizalde (2006 - 2006) Mexico Vicente Fox statue (2007 - 2007) Mexico

554 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Victim (2008 - 2013) Mex- ico Victims (2005 - 2013) Mex- ico Victims connected to drug cartels (2008 - 2008) Mex- ico Vigilante militia (2013 - 2013) Mexico Vigilante mob (1998 - 2012) Mexico Vigilantes (1993 - 2009) Mexico Village mob (1998 - 1998) Mexico Villagers (1995 - 2011) Mexico Violent crime (2007 - 2007) Mexico Volkswagen (1992 - 1992) Mexico Volkswagen AG (2000 - 2009) Mexico Waitress (2009 - 2009) Mexico Wal-Mart (2004 - 2006) Mexico Women’s activist (2012 - 2012) Mexico Women’s rights activist (2009 - 2009) Mexico Women (1998 - 2012) Mex- ico World Economic Forum (2001 - 2001) Mexico World Water Forum (2006 - 2006) Mexico Xalatlaco residents (2003 - 2003) Mexico Youth prison inmates (2001 - 2001) Mexico Youths (2001 - 2012) Mex- ico Zapatista supporters (1997 - 2012) Mexico

555 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Zapatista symathizers (2004 - 2004) Mexico Zapatista sympathizers (2001 - 2001) Mexico Zapatistas (1997 - 2006) Mexico Zapotec Indians (1998 - 1998) Mexico

5.34 Mali

Government Challenger Civilian Other African Solidarity for Al-Mourabitoun (2015 - Citizens (1991 - 2010) Mali al-Qaeda-linked extremists Democracy and Indepen- 2015) Mali (2014 - 2014) Mali dence (SADI) (2012 - 2012) Mali French government (2006 - Al-Mourabitoune suicide Citizns (2001 - 2001) Mali Al-Qaeda (2009 - 2011) 2006) Mali bomber (2014 - 2014) Mali Mali Government (1990 - 2012) Al-Murabitoun (2014 - civilian (2015 - 2015) Mali Al Qaeda (2011 - 2011) Mali 2015) Mali Mali government (2014 - 2015) Al-Qaeda in the Islam Civilians (2013 - 2013) Anti-Tuareg Mob (2013 - Mali Maghreb (AQIM) (2015 - Mali 2013) Mali 2015) Mali Government supporters Al-Qaeda in the Islamic civilians (2014 - 2015) Mali Anti-Tuareg protesters (2013 - 2013) Mali Maghreb (2010 - 2014) (2013 - 2013) Mali Mali Malian army (2011 - 2015) Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Civilians of Kidal (2013 - Arab store owners (2013 - Mali Maghreb (AQIM) (2015 - 2013) Mali 2013) Mali 2015) Mali Malian Government (2013 Al-Qaida in the Islamic Malian Civilians (2013 - armed ﬁghters (2014 - - 2013) Mali Maghreb (AQIM) (2015 - 2013) Mali 2014) Mali 2015) Mali Malian Red Beret’s (2013 - Amadou Sanogo (2014 - Tuareg civilians (2014 - Armed gang (2011 - 2011) 2013) Mali 2014) Mali 2014) Mali Mali Malian Troops (2013 - Ansar Dine, Military fac- armed groups (2015 - 2015) 2013) Mali tion (Red Berets) (2012 - Mali 2012) Mali Military (2012 - 2012) Mali Anti-government activist Armed men (2011 - 2011) (2013 - 2013) Mali Mali military (2015 - 2015) Mali ATNMC Rebels (2007 - Attacks on Journalists 2007) Mali (2012 - 2012) Mali military barracks (2015 - Azawad National Libera- Belgian aid workers (2010 - 2015) Mali tion Movement (2013 - 2010) Mali 2013) Mali

556 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other military base (2015 - 2015) Coordination for the Move- Black Malians (2013 - Mali ments of Azawad (CMA) 2013) Mali (2015 - 2015) Mali military camp (2014 - Coordination of Move- British government (2009 - 2014) Mali ments of Azawad (CMA) 2009) Mali (2015 - 2015) Mali military police (2015 - FIAA Rebels (1994 - 1994) bus (2015 - 2015) Mali 2015) Mali Mali military police base (2015 - Imghad and Allies Tuareg Chadian MINUSMA 2015) Mali Self-Defence Group (GA- peacekeepers (2014 - 2014) TIA) (2015 - 2015) Mali Mali military vehicle (2015 - Iyad Ag Ghaly (2014 - Charlie Hebdo (2015 - 2015) Mali 2014) Mali 2015) Mali Ministers (2012 - 2012) jihadist suicide bomber Christian and Muslim Mali (from either AQIM, MU- Demonstrators (2012 - JAO or Ansar Dine) (2014 2012) Mali - 2014) Mali Opposition parties (1997 - Junta (2012 - 2012) Mali city of Gao (2014 - 2014) 1997) Mali Mali Police (2011 - 2012) Mali Macina Liberation Front Death of Student Leader (2015 - 2015) Mali (2012 - 2012) Mali police (2015 - 2015) Mali Macina Liberation Front demonstrators (2015 - (FLM) (2015 - 2015) Mali 2015) Mali police post (2015 - 2015) MNLA (2012 - 2012) Mali Denmark newspapers Mali (2006 - 2006) Mali police station (2015 - 2015) Movement for Oneness and Diandioumbera (2001 - Mali Jihad in West Africa (2014 2001) Mali - 2014) Mali President Traore (2012 - Movement for Oneness and Disabled Malians (2004 - 2012) Mali Jihad in West Africa (MU- 2004) Mali JAO) (2014 - 2015) Mali Prime Minister (2012 - MPA Rebels (1990 - 1990) Dogon youths (2002 - 2002) 2012) Mali Mali Mali Prime Minister Moussa MUJAO (2012 - 2012) Mali ECOWAS (2012 - 2012) Mara (2014 - 2014) Mali Mali pro-government civilians National Movement for ECOWAS meeting (2012 - (2015 - 2015) Mali the Liberation of Azawad 2012) Mali (2013 - 2013) Mali pro-government ﬁghters National Movement for Electric power workers (2015 - 2015) Mali the Liberation of Azawad (1997 - 1997) Mali (NMLA) (2015 - 2015) Mali pro-government militia National Movement for the ﬁghters (2015 - 2015) Mali (2015 - 2015) Mali Liberation of the Azawad (2013 - 2013) Mali Regional government (1991 NMLA (2014 - 2014) Mali Foreign tourists (2011 - - 2008) Mali 2011) Mali

557 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other United Front for the Omar Ould Hamaha (2014 former President Alpha Protection of Democracy - 2014) Mali Oumar Konare (2014 - and the Republic (FUDR) 2014) Mali (2012 - 2012) Mali Protesters (2011 - 2012) France (2011 - 2011) Mali Mali protesters (2014 - 2015) French Air Force (2013 - Mali 2013) Mali rebel ﬁghters (2015 - 2015) French army base (2014 - Mali 2014) Mali Rebels (2012 - 2012) Mali French army camp (2014 - 2014) Mali The Arab Movement of French Forces (2013 - 2013) Azawad (2013 - 2013) Mali Mali The Popular Movement of French forces (2014 - 2014) March 22 (2012 - 2012) Mali Mali Touareg rebels (1991 - French ground troops 2001) Mali (2013 - 2013) Mali Tuareg National Move- French legionnaire Dejvid ment for the Liberation of Nikolic (2014 - 2014) Mali Azawad (NMLA) (2014 - 2014) Mali Tuareg National Move- French Peacekeepers (2013 ment for the Liberation - 2013) Mali of Azawad (NMLA), High Council for the Unity of Azawad, Arab Movement of Azawad (2014 - 2014) Mali Tuareg rebels (2006 - 2006) French troops (2015 - 2015) Mali Mali Tuareg Rebels (2013 - Gao Residents (2012 - 2013) Mali 2012) Mali Tuareg separatists (2015 - Gao residents (2013 - 2013) 2015) Mali Mali Yere Wolo Ton (2012 - gunman (2015 - 2015) Mali 2012) Mali Gunmen (2011 - 2011) Mali gunmen (2015 - 2015) Mali haulier (2015 - 2015) Mali High Council for the Unity of Azawad (2014 - 2014) Mali

558 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other High Islamic Council (2009 - 2009) Mali Historic Sites (2012 - 2012) Mali imam (2015 - 2015) Mali International Peacekeepers (2013 - 2013) Mali International Red Cross truck (2015 - 2015) Mali Islamist Militants (2013 - 2013) Mali Islamist militants (2014 - 2014) Mali Islamists (2012 - 2012) Mali Ivory Coast Embassy (2010 - 2010) Mali jihadists (2015 - 2015) Mali Joint Peacekeeping Forces (2013 - 2013) Mali Journalists (2012 - 2012) Mali kidnappers (2015 - 2015) Mali Killing of Muslim Preach- ers (2012 - 2012) Mali Kunta Muslim hermits (1999 - 1999) Mali Lieutenant Mohamed Ouattara (2014 - 2014) Mali Malian cotton workers (2005 - 2005) Mali Malian football fans (2005 - 2007) Mali Malian fuel workers (2006 - 2006) Mali Malian journalists (2005 - 2007) Mali Malian looters (2013 - 2013) Mali Malian Muslims (2006 - 2006) Mali Malian Soldiers (2013 - 2013) Mali

559 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Malian soldiers (2014 - 2014) Mali Malian students (2008 - 2008) Mali Malian teachers (2000 - 2000) Mali Malian women (1991 - 1991) Mali Malian workers (1999 - 2007) Mali Mauritanian troops (2010 - 2010) Mali mausoleum (2015 - 2015) Mali militant (2015 - 2015) Mali militant Islamists (2014 - 2014) Mali militants (2014 - 2015) Mali Military Wives (2012 - 2012) Mali militiamen (2014 - 2014) Mali Minibus drivers (2010 - 2010) Mali MINUSMA base (2015 - 2015) Mali MINUSMA camp (2014 - 2014) Mali MINUSMA peacekeeper (2014 - 2014) Mali MINUSMA peacekeepers (2014 - 2014) Mali mob (2015 - 2015) Mali Monument (2012 - 2012) Mali Muslim citizens (2003 - 2003) Mali Muslim Preachers (2012 - 2012) Mali Northern Mali (2012 - 2012) Mali Northern Malians (2012 - 2012) Mali

560 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Norwegian Refugee Coun- cil humanitarian workers (2014 - 2014) Mali Ouattara supporters (2010 - 2010) Mali Paris-Dakar participants (1998 - 1998) Mali Peuhl herders (2002 - 2002) Mali Peul men (2014 - 2014) Mali Political Parties (2012 - 2012) Mali Radisson Blu hotel (2015 - 2015) Mali Red Cross workers (2014 - 2014) Mali Religious Extemism (2012 - 2012) Mali Residents of Kidal (2013 - 2013) Mali Rival Arab ethnic group (1999 - 1999) Mali Rival ethnic group (2003 - 2003) Mali Rival ethnic groups (1997 - 1997) Mali School pupils (2011 - 2011) Mali Security Forces (2012 - 2012) Mali separatist ﬁghters (2015 - 2015) Mali Sero Diamanou (2001 - 2001) Mali Sidati Ag Baye (2014 - 2014) Mali Soldier’s families (2012 - 2012) Mali Soldiers (1991 - 2012) Mali Songhai (2015 - 2015) Mali Studens (1998 - 1998) Mali Students (1993 - 2012) Mali

561 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other suicide bomber (2014 - 2014) Mali Swiss Woman (2012 - 2012) Mali teenagers (2015 - 2015) Mali terrorists (2014 - 2015) Mali Timbuktu tribe (2010 - 2010) Mali Togo football fans (2005 - 2005) Mali Tomb (2012 - 2012) Mali Tombs (2012 - 2012) Mali Toure Paratroopers (2013 - 2013) Mali Tourists (1992 - 2001) Mali town of Gao (2014 - 2014) Mali town of Kidal (2014 - 2014) Mali town of Timbuktu (2014 - 2014) Mali Transition Deal (2012 - 2012) Mali Trial proceedings of former president (1992 - 1992) Mali truck of migrants (2015 - 2015) Mali Tuareg man (2013 - 2013) Mali Tuareg nomads (2015 - 2015) Mali Tuareg protesters (2013 - 2013) Mali Tuareg workers (1991 - 1991) Mali Tuaregs (2012 - 2014) Mali Tunisian football fans and players (2007 - 2007) Mali UN barracks (2015 - 2015) Mali UN base (2015 - 2015) Mali

562 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other UN convoy (2015 - 2015) Mali UN peacekeepers (2014 - 2014) Mali UN residence (2015 - 2015) Mali UN troops (2015 - 2015) Mali UN vehicle (2015 - 2015) Mali unidentiﬁed men (2014 - 2014) Mali unknown (2014 - 2015) Mali unknown attackers (2014 - 2014) Mali Villagers (1991 - 1997) Mali War (2012 - 2012) Mali Women (2012 - 2012) Mali World Bank (2001 - 2001) Mali youths (2014 - 2014) Mali French tourists (2011 - 2011) Mali

5.35 Mozambique

Government Challenger Civilian Other Democratic Movement of Disbanded militia forces Citizens (1996 - 2013) African refugees (2000 - Mozambique (2009 - 2009) (1996 - 1996) Mozambique Mozambique 2000) Mozambique Mozambique Dhlakama (1999 - 1999) Gang led by Orquilio Civilians (2013 - 2013) Airline workers (2012 - Mozambique Nhassengo (2012 - 2012) Mozambique 2012) Mozambique Mozambique Dinis Silica (2014 - 2014) Mozambique National civilians (2015 - 2015) Aluminum workers (2001 - Mozambique Resistance Party (1997 - Mozambique 2001) Mozambique 1997) Mozambique Frelimo Party (2014 - 2014) Protesters (2012 - 2012) Amnesty International Mozambique Mozambique (2014 - 2014) Mozambique Frelimo Party Members protesters (2014 - 2015) AMPETROL (2009 - 2009) (2014 - 2014) Mozambique Mozambique Mozambique Government (1977 - 2014) RENAMO (2001 - 2001) Anti-Conscription Mozambique Mozambique protesters (2013 - 2013) Mozambique

563 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other government (2015 - 2015) Renamo convoy (2015 - Anti-Kidnapping ad- Mozambique 2015) Mozambique vocates (2013 - 2013) Mozambique military (2015 - 2015) Renamo ﬁghters (2015 - Armed militants (2013 - Mozambique 2015) Mozambique 2013) Mozambique Mozambican police (2009 - Renamo forces (2015 - Belgian Woman (2014 - 2009) Mozambique 2015) Mozambique 2014) Mozambique Mozambique Army (2013 - Renamo Militants (2013 - Billiton Company (2001 - 2013) Mozambique 2013) Mozambique 2001) Mozambique Mozambique Government Renamo Militia (2014 - Brazilian mining company (2013 - 2013) Mozambique 2014) Mozambique Vale (2012 - 2012) Mozam- bique Mozambique Liberation Renamo Party (2013 - Brazilian Owned Coal Front (1999 - 1999) 2013) Mozambique Train (2014 - 2014) Mozambique Mozambique Mozambique Police (2013 - Renamo party (2015 - Business Men (2013 - 2013) 2013) Mozambique 2015) Mozambique Mozambique Parliament (2014 - 2014) Renamo Supporters (2013 - Cahora Bassa (1996 - 1996) Mozambique 2013) Mozambique Mozambique Police (1995 - 2014) Chinese company (2009 - Mozambique 2009) Mozambique police (2015 - 2015) City bus workers (1992 - Mozambique 1992) Mozambique Police and prison guards City council workers (1990 (2000 - 2000) Mozambique - 1990) Mozambique President (2014 - 2014) civil society organizations Mozambique (2015 - 2015) Mozambique Prison Guards (2014 - Civil war veterans (2011 - 2014) Mozambique 2011) Mozambique Renamo (1977 - 2015) Construction workers Mozambique (1999 - 2009) Mozambique RENAMO supporters Dam workers (1996 - 1996) (2000 - 2000) Mozambique Mozambique Renamo supporters (2005 - Demobilised soldiers (1992 2005) Mozambique - 1994) Mozambique Security guards (1997 - Detained citizens (2009 - 1997) Mozambique 2009) Mozambique Special forces (1995 - 1995) Election workers (1994 - Mozambique 1994) Mozambique Female Inmates (2014 - 2014) Mozambique Former migrant workers (2004 - 2004) Mozambique Former Miners (2013 - 2013) Mozambique

564 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Former RENAMO ﬁghters (2001 - 2001) Mozambique German Embassy (2004 - 2004) Mozambique Group Five/CMC (2003 - 2003) Mozambique Guerrilla veterans (1992 - 1992) Mozambique gunmen (2015 - 2015) Mozambique Health workers (1990 - 2010) Mozambique journalist Carlos Castel- Branco (2015 - 2015) Mozambique journalists (2015 - 2015) Mozambique Kentz Coal Mine (2013 - 2013) Mozambique lawyer (2015 - 2015) Mozambique Malawian police (2009 - 2009) Mozambique Media workers (1993 - 1993) Mozambique Meteorologists (1998 - 1998) Mozambique Mine-clearing workers (2005 - 2005) Mozambique Mine Workers (2013 - 2013) Mozambique Mob (2010 - 2010) Mozam- bique Mozambique Doctor’s As- sociation (2013 - 2013) Mozambique Mozambique Veterans (2013 - 2013) Mozambique Muslims (2012 - 2012) Mozambique Mutineer soldiers (1992 - 1994) Mozambique Old man (2012 - 2012) Mozambique Opposition supporters (2003 - 2003) Mozambique

565 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Railway and port workers (2001 - 2001) Mozambique Railworkers (1990 - 1992) Mozambique Soldiers (1994 - 1994) Mozambique South African soldiers (2010 - 2010) Mozambique South Africans (2015 - 2015) Mozambique students (2015 - 2015) Mozambique UN refugee agency (2000 - 2000) Mozambique Unidentiﬁed Assailants (2014 - 2014) Mozambique Unidentiﬁed Gunmen (2014 - 2014) Mozambique United Nations (1999 - 1999) Mozambique University students (1996 - 1996) Mozambique US Wackenhut company (1997 - 1997) Mozambique Vale Coal Mine (2013 - 2013) Mozambique Workers (2001 - 2001) Mozambique Young Man (2014 - 2014) Mozambique Youths (2012 - 2012) Mozambique Zimbabwean rebels (1996 - 1996) Mozambique

5.36 Mauritania

Government Challenger Civilian Other Action for Change party Coordination of a Demo- Black civilians (1992 - Al-Qaeda in the Islamic (1998 - 1998) Mauritania cratic Opposition (2012 - 1992) Mauritania Maghreb (2010 - 2010) 2012) Mauritania Mauritania Aziz supporters (2012 - Coordination of Demo- Citizens (2010 - 2010) Al-Qaeda of the Islamic 2012) Mauritania cratic Opposition (2013 - Mauritania Mahgreb (2009 - 2009) 2013) Mauritania Mauritania

566 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government (1990 - 2012) Don’t Touch My National- Civilians (1991 - 2006) al Qaeda (2009 - 2009) Mauritania ity (2012 - 2012) Maurita- Mauritania Mauritania nia government (2015 - 2015) Female protesters (2004 - Al Qaeda in Islamic North Mauritania 2013) Mauritania Africa (GSPC) (2007 - 2008) Mauritania Government of President Initiative for the Resur- Al Qaeda in the Islamic Ould Taya (2005 - 2005) gence of the Abolitionist Maghreb (2011 - 2011) Mauritania Movement in Mauritania Mauritania (IRA) (2015 - 2015) Mau- ritania Government of President Mohamed Khouna Ould Al Qaeda in the Islamic Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdal- Haidalla (2003 - 2003) Mahgreb (2010 - 2010) lahi (2008 - 2008) Maurita- Mauritania Mauritania nia Leading opposition party Supporters of Mohamed Algerian Salaﬁst Group (2003 - 2003) Mauritania Khouna Ould Haidalla for Preaching and Com- (2003 - 2003) Mauritania bat (GSPC) (2005 - 2005) Mauritania Mauritanian Government Union of Democratic American teacher (2009 - (2013 - 2013) Mauritania Forces - New Era (2000 - 2009) Mauritania 2000) Mauritania Military (2005 - 2008) Vanguard/Baath party, Is- Americans (2009 - 2009) Mauritania lamists/Arabists (2003 - Mauritania 2003) Mauritania National Front for the De- Anti-coup negotiators fence of Democracy (2008 - (2009 - 2009) Mauritania 2009) Mauritania Opposition party (1992 - Anti-slavery activists (2010 1992) Mauritania - 2010) Mauritania Opposition party and sup- anti-slavery supporters porters (2003 - 2003) Mau- (2015 - 2015) Mauritania ritania Paramilitary oﬃcer Ely Bar Association (1998 - Ould Moktar (2011 - 2011) 1998) Mauritania Mauritania Police (2009 - 2009) Mau- Census (2011 - 2011) Mau- ritania ritania President Mohamed Ould Charlie Hebdo (2015 - Abdel Aziz (2012 - 2012) 2015) Mauritania Mauritania Tewassoul (2012 - 2012) courthouse (2015 - 2015) Mauritania Mauritania Family of shooting victims (2012 - 2012) Mauritania Former Prime Minister (2008 - 2008) Mauritania

567 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other France (2009 - 2009) Mau- ritania Free Confederation of Mauritanian Workers (2011 - 2011) Mauritania French tourists (2007 - 2007) Mauritania General Confederation of Mauritanian Workers (2011 - 2015) Mauritania Gunmen (2005 - 2005) Mauritania Hassem (2000 - 2000) Mau- ritania Inmates (2007 - 2007) Mauritania Islamic extremists (2008 - 2008) Mauritania Islamic leaders (2005 - 2005) Mauritania Israel (2004 - 2010) Mauri- tania Israeli embassy (2008 - 2008) Mauritania Italian aid workers (2009 - 2009) Mauritania Italian citizens (2009 - 2009) Mauritania Jailed Islamist leaders (2005 - 2005) Mauritania Jailed Islamists (2013 - 2013) Mauritania Jailed opposition leaders (2005 - 2005) Mauritania Kinross (2011 - 2011) Mau- ritania Kinross gold mining company (2013 - 2013) Mauri- tania Mauritanian Journalists Union (2009 - 2009) Mauritania Mine Workers (2013 - 2013) Mauritania Muslim protesters (2014 - 2014) Mauritania

568 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Muslims (2012 - 2012) Mauritania National Industrial and Mining Company (SNIM) (2015 - 2015) Mauritania National Union of Maurita- nian Students (2004 - 2004) Mauritania Negro-Mauritanian students (2010 - 2010) Mauritania None (2005 - 2005) Mauri- tania Old regime loyalists (2006 - 2006) Mauritania Opposition groups (2009 - 2009) Mauritania Opposition leader (1998 - 2000) Mauritania Opposition supporters (1992 - 2009) Mauritania Political organizations (2012 - 2012) Mauritania prison authorities (2015 - 2015) Mauritania prisoners (2015 - 2015) Mauritania Protester (2011 - 2011) Mauritania protesters (2002 - 2015) Mauritania Protesters (2009 - 2011) Mauritania Racers (1991 - 1991) Mau- ritania Soldiers (2003 - 2007) Mau- ritania Soninke ethnic group (1990 - 1990) Mauritania Spanish aid workers (2009 - 2009) Mauritania Students (1999 - 2011) Mauritania Students and professors (1994 - 1994) Mauritania

569 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Syria (2011 - 2011) Mauri- tania Syrian embassy (2012 - 2012) Mauritania Unidentiﬁed Quran Dese- crators (2014 - 2014) Mau- ritania Union protesters (2008 - 2008) Mauritania United States (2012 - 2012) Mauritania University students (2008 - 2008) Mauritania Villagers (1991 - 1991) Mauritania We are all Ely Ould Mok- tar (2012 - 2012) Maurita- nia

5.37 Mauritius

Government Challenger Civilian Other Civil service employees protesters (2015 - 2015) African Creole young men (2004 - 2004) Mauritius Mauritius (1999 - 1999) Mauritius Government (2000 - 2004) British High Commission Mauritius oﬃce (2001 - 2001) Mauri- tius Mauritian Militant Move- Chagos Refugees Group ment (MMM) supporters (2001 - 2001) Mauritius (2005 - 2005) Mauritius Opposition alliance (2005 - Chinese embassy (2005 - 2005) Mauritius 2005) Mauritius Police (1999 - 1999) Mau- Chinese garment workers ritius (2005 - 2005) Mauritius police (2015 - 2015) Mauri- Customs oﬃcials (2002 - tius 2002) Mauritius Mauritius Telecom (MT) employees (2000 - 2000) Mauritius Soccer fans (1999 - 1999) Mauritius

5.38 Malawi

570 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Alliance for Democracy Anti-Banda demonstrators Citizens (2009 - 2010) Angry mob (2005 - 2005) supporters (1992 - 1999) (1995 - 1995) Malawi Malawi Malawi Malawi Bamanai Zgambo, a rul- Anti-government activists Anti-IMF activists (2000 - ing party lawmaker (2001 - (2011 - 2011) Malawi 2000) Malawi 2001) Malawi City council staff (1993 - Former president Kamuzu Asian-owned shops (1994 - 1993) Malawi Banda (1995 - 1995) 1994) Malawi Malawi City government (1993 - Former presidential body- Attacks on Women (2012 - 1993) Malawi guards (1998 - 1998) 2012) Malawi Malawi City officials (2002 - 2002) Forum for the Defence of Bingu wa Mutharika fu- Malawi the Constitution (FDC) neral (2012 - 2012) Malawi (2002 - 2002) Malawi Civil service employees Gwanda Chakuamba, Blantyre Newspapers (1993 - 2005) Malawi MCP leader (2002 - 2002) (2002 - 2002) Malawi Malawi DPP supporters (2006 - John Tembo (1997 - 1997) Brian Ligomeka, 29, a 2006) Malawi Malawi reporter for the weekly Mirror newspaper (2001 - 2001) Malawi Government (1992 - 2012) Kamuzu Banda (1995 - Catholics (2002 - 2002) Malawi 1995) Malawi Malawi government (2014 - 2014) Opposition politician Chakufwa Chihana (1992 - Malawi Chifukwa Chihana and 1992) Malawi five others (1992 - 1992) Malawi Home Affairs Minister Opposition protesters Chinese businessman (2005 Gwanda Chakuamba (1992 - 1999) Malawi - 2005) Malawi (1994 - 1994) Malawi MAFUNDE party (2002 - Pro-Chichana opposition Community debate (2002 - 2002) Malawi (1992 - 1992) Malawi 2002) Malawi Malawi Civil Servants protesters (1990 - 2015) Courthouse (2000 - 2000) (2013 - 2013) Malawi Malawi Malawi Malawi Congress Party Protesters (2011 - 2012) Demonstrators (2012 - (Banda) supporters (1995 Malawi 2012) Malawi - 1995) Malawi Malawi Congress Party Doctors (2001 - 2001) (MCP) (2001 - 2001) Malawi Malawi Malawi Government (2013 Eritrean undocumented - 2013) Malawi immigrant (1999 - 1999) Malawi MCP-owned newspaper Food aid providers (2005 - (1998 - 1998) Malawi 2005) Malawi

571 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other MCP faction (2002 - 2003) Food aid recipients (2005 - Malawi 2005) Malawi MCP supporters (1995 - Former political exiles 2001) Malawi (1995 - 1995) Malawi Members of parliament Former tea estate workers (1999 - 1999) Malawi (2004 - 2004) Malawi Mgwirizano coalition (2004 High court (2002 - 2002) - 2004) Malawi Malawi Mgwirizano coalition High court employees supporters (2004 - 2004) (2002 - 2002) Malawi Malawi National Democratic Al- High court judges (2005 - liance (NDA) (2001 - 2001) 2005) Malawi Malawi NDA militants (2002 - Hospital (1993 - 1993) 2003) Malawi Malawi NDA supporters (2001 - Human rights groups (2006 2001) Malawi - 2006) Malawi Oppposition parties (2009 - Illegal Vendors (2012 - 2009) Malawi 2012) Malawi Police (1990 - 2002) IMF, World Bank (2000 - Malawi 2000) Malawi Police station (2004 - 2004) Immigration oﬃcials (1999 Malawi - 1999) Malawi President (2009 - 2009) International buyers (2002 Malawi - 2002) Malawi President Bakili Muluzi Judicial Clerks (2012 - (1998 - 2003) Malawi 2012) Malawi Riot Police (2001 - 2002) Judicial Workers (2012 - Malawi 2012) Malawi UDF militants (2001 - Junior hospital staﬀ (1993 2001) Malawi - 1993) Malawi UDF partisans (1994 - Krishna Achutan, the son- 1994) Malawi in-law of former politician Aleke Banda (1992 - 1992) Malawi UDF supporters (2002 - Lawyers (2012 - 2012) 2005) Malawi Malawi UDF Young Democrats Lilongwe Water Board (2001 - 2003) Malawi management (2001 - 2001) Malawi United Democratic Front Lilongwe Water Board (UDF) (1993 - 1993) workers (2001 - 2001) Malawi Malawi

572 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Young Pioneers (govern- Local businesses (1998 - ment paramilitary youth 1998) Malawi organization) (1993 - 1993) Malawi Lonrho multinational (1993 - 1993) Malawi Looters (1993 - 1993) Malawi Makwngwala villagers (2001 - 2001) Malawi Malawi Congress of Trade Unions (MCTU) (1998 - 1998) Malawi Malawi Electoral Commis- sion (1999 - 1999) Malawi Malawian church leaders and human rights activists (2007 - 2007) Malawi Management (2001 - 2001) Malawi Market (2000 - 2000) Malawi Matcheleza villagers (2001 - 2001) Malawi Mining Workers (2012 - 2012) Malawi Mosques (1999 - 1999) Malawi Muluzi supporters (2009 - 2009) Malawi Muslim leader Sheik Abdul Hamid Bughdad el-Banna (2001 - 2001) Malawi Muslim protesters (2003 - 2003) Malawi Nanzikambe (2011 - 2011) Malawi National Voices on The Budget civil group (2007 - 2007) Malawi Newspaper photographer (2003 - 2003) Malawi opposition activists (2014 - 2014) Malawi Opposition parliamentari- ans (2005 - 2007) Malawi

573 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Opposition supporters (1992 - 1999) Malawi Polytechnic students (2011 - 2011) Malawi Presidential Pardon (2012 - 2012) Malawi Primary schoo teachers (1995 - 1995) Malawi Primary school students (1995 - 1995) Malawi Prisoners (2012 - 2012) Malawi Professor Wiseman Chi- jere Chirwa (2001 - 2001) Malawi protesters demanding re- count (2014 - 2014) Malawi Public Aﬀairs Committee (2012 - 2012) Malawi Public Aﬀairs Committee, a largely Christian lobby group (2003 - 2003) Malawi Public Workers (2012 - 2012) Malawi Railway workers (2001 - 2001) Malawi rally goers (2014 - 2014) Malawi Relatives of defendants (2003 - 2003) Malawi School Pupils (2013 - 2013) Malawi schoolchildren (2014 - 2014) Malawi Schoolteachers (2001 - 2001) Malawi Secondary school students (2000 - 2000) Malawi Shop assistants (1994 - 1994) Malawi Soccer fans (2001 - 2001) Malawi Soldiers (1993 - 1998) Malawi

574 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other South African High Com- mission (2015 - 2015) Malawi Stores (1993 - 1993) Malawi Street vendors (1998 - 2006) Malawi Students (2011 - 2012) Malawi Sudi Adaki Sulaimana, 33, Colvin Kaumira, 44, Moses Bwanali, 32, and Nelson Psyontha, 35 (2001 - 2001) Malawi Sugar factory employees (1993 - 1993) Malawi Supporters of the ex- transport and public works minister (2000 - 2000) Malawi Supreme Court (1999 - 1999) Malawi teachers (2014 - 2014) Malawi Teachers Union of Malawi (1994 - 1994) Malawi The Daily Times oﬃce (1998 - 1998) Malawi Tobacco Association of Malawi (2000 - 2000) Malawi Tobacco farmers (2002 - 2002) Malawi Two journalists from Malawi’s main opposition Daily Times newspaper (1999 - 1999) Malawi UDC candiates (1999 - 1999) Malawi UDC militants (1998 - 1998) Malawi UDC supporters (1996 - 1996) Malawi University (1992 - 2004) Malawi

575 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other University staﬀ (1992 - 1992) Malawi University students (1992 - 2007) Malawi Villagers (2009 - 2009) Malawi voters (2014 - 2014) Malawi Women (2012 - 2012) Malawi Workers (1992 - 1992) Malawi Workers at Malawi’s state electricity supply ﬁrm (1993 - 1993) Malawi Working Conditions (2012 - 2012) Malawi Zimbabwe President Robert Mugabe (2006 - 2007) Malawi

5.39 Namibia

Government Challenger Civilian Other Civil servants (1999 - 1999) Caprivi separatists (1998 - Namibian citizens (1994 - Children of fallen indepen- Namibia 1999) Namibia 1994) Namibia dence fighters (2014 - 2014) Namibia Congress for Democracy Herero protesters (2011 - Consolidated Diamond supporters (1999 - 1999) 2011) Namibia Mines (CDM) (1993 - Namibia 1993) Namibia Democratic Turnhalle Al- Protesters (1998 - 2010) Consolidated Diamond liance (DTA) candidate Namibia Mines (CDM) employees (1992 - 1992) Namibia (1993 - 1993) Namibia Government (1995 - 2010) Development Brigade Namibia militants (1992 - 1992) Namibia Governor’s office (1999 - former People’s Liberation 1999) Namibia Army of Namibia (PLAN) guerrillas (1995 - 1995) Namibia Local tribal offices (2000 - French tourists (2000 - 2000) Namibia 2000) Namibia Namibian government Gciruku villagers (2000 - (1999 - 1999) Namibia 2000) Namibia

576 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Police (2011 - 2011) German Chancellor Hel- Namibia mut Kohl (1995 - 1995) Namibia Ruling Party SWAPO Germany (2011 - 2011) (2014 - 2014) Namibia Namibia Herero tribe (1995 - 1995) Namibia Mafwe tribespeople (1993 - 1993) Namibia Malaysian-owned textile factory (2003 - 2003) Namibia Malaysian-owned textile factory workers (2003 - 2003) Namibia Mayeyi tribespeople (1993 - 1993) Namibia Michael Jackson (1998 - 1998) Namibia Michael Jackson fans (1998 - 1998) Namibia Mineworkers’ Union of Namibia (MUN) (1996 - 1996) Namibia Murderer Thomas Florin (1998 - 1998) Namibia Namibian nationalists (1994 - 1999) Namibia Namibian veterans (2000 - 2000) Namibia Namibian villagers (2000 - 2000) Namibia National Society for Hu- man Rights (2007 - 2007) Namibia Robert Mugabe (2007 - 2007) Namibia Skorpion Zinc Mine (2008 - 2008) Namibia Soldiers (2000 - 2002) Namibia Taxi drivers (2011 - 2011) Namibia Tsumeb Corporation Lim- ited (1996 - 1996) Namibia

577 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other UNITA ﬁghters (2000 - 2000) Namibia UNITA rebels (1994 - 2002) Namibia Walvis Bay security forces (1994 - 1994) Namibia Zinc mine workers (2008 - 2008) Namibia

5.40 Niger

Government Challenger Civilian Other Alliance of Democratic Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Citizens (1993 - 2012) Aid Workers (2012 - 2012) Forces (2001 - 2001) Niger Maghreb (2010 - 2010) Niger Niger Niger Central Government (2012 Al-Qaeda of the Islamic Civilians (1992 - 2003) Amadou supporters (2015 - - 2012) Niger Mahgreb (2008 - 2008) Niger 2015) Niger Niger Coordination of Demo- Al Qaeda in the Islamic civilians (2015 - 2015) Arab militiamen (1995 - cratic Forces (CFD) (2000 Mahgreb (2011 - 2011) Niger 1995) Niger - 2000) Niger Niger Coordination of Demo- Assembly President Hama Areva (2014 - 2014) Niger cratic Forces for the Amadou (2014 - 2014) Republic (2009 - 2009) Niger Niger Democratic and Social CRA Rebels (1994 - 1994) Areva Nuclear Group Convention party (1992 - Niger (2013 - 2013) Niger 1992) Niger Government (1990 - 2010) FDR Rebels (1996 - 1996) Armed Bandits (1991 - Niger Niger 1995) Niger government (2015 - 2015) FLAA Rebels (1991 - 1991) Association of Independent Niger Niger Press Editors (ANEPI) (2009 - 2009) Niger Government of President Front for the Defence of Boko Haram (2013 - 2015) Mahamane Ousmane (1996 Democracy (2009 - 2009) Niger - 1996) Niger Niger Government supporters Front for the Restoration Cattle raisers (1998 - 1998) (2013 - 2013) Niger and Defense of Democracy Niger (1997 - 1998) Niger Government workers (1994 Mallam Jerry Yussuf (1994 Chadian rebels (1995 - - 1997) Niger - 1994) Niger 1995) Niger Islamic Council of Niger MNJ Rebels (2007 - 2007) Christians (2012 - 2012) (2009 - 2009) Niger Niger Niger Magistrates (2004 - 2004) Organization of Armed churches (2015 - 2015) Niger Resistance (1995 - 1995) Niger Niger

578 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Military (2010 - 2010) protesters (1996 - 2015) Civil aviation trade union Niger Niger (1994 - 1998) Niger military (2015 - 2015) Protesters (2009 - 2011) Coalition Against Costly Niger Niger Living (2005 - 2005) Niger Military forces (1999 - protesters organized by Coalition Against Expen- 1999) Niger various groups (1995 - sive Life in Niger (2006 - 1995) Niger 2006) Niger Military officers (1996 - Suspected rebels (2006 - Customs officers (1993 - 1999) Niger 2006) Niger 2001) Niger military officers (2015 - Toubou rebels (1996 - Democratic Confederation 2015) Niger 1996) Niger of Niger Workers (2009 - 2009) Niger military post (2015 - 2015) Tuareg rebels (1993 - 1993) Denmark (2006 - 2006) Niger Niger Niger National Movement for a UFRA Rebels (1997 - Disabled people (2000 - Developed Society (1993 - 1997) Niger 2000) Niger 1994) Niger National Movement for a Farmers (1993 - 2012) Developing Society party Niger (2007 - 2007) Niger Niger army (2011 - 2011) Foreign tourists (2011 - Niger 2011) Niger Niger Government (2013 - Foreign workers (2010 - 2013) Niger 2010) Niger Niger military (1995 - Former communications 1995) Niger minister (2010 - 2010) Niger Niger Military (2014 - Former Members of Parlia- 2014) Niger ment (2009 - 2009) Niger Opposition parties (1997 - Fulani (1995 - 1995) Niger 1997) Niger Ousmane supporters (2015 Grant Allocation Agency - 2015) Niger (2014 - 2014) Niger Parliament (2001 - 2009) Gunmen (2009 - 2009) Niger Niger Party for Democracy and Haussa (2001 - 2001) Niger Socialism (2009 - 2009) Niger Police (1994 - 2014) Niger Health workers (1997 - 1997) Niger police (2015 - 2015) Niger Herders (2012 - 2012) Niger President Mahamadou Is- Hospital staff (2001 - 2001) soufou (2014 - 2014) Niger Niger Presidential palace (2010 - human rights activists 2010) Niger (2015 - 2015) Niger

579 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other prison (2015 - 2015) Niger Human rights groups (2009 - 2009) Niger Republican Guard (1998 - Islamist Militants (2014 - 2002) Niger 2014) Niger Union for Democracy and Israel (2002 - 2009) Niger Social Progress (1994 - 1994) Niger Journalists (1994 - 1994) Niger journalists (2015 - 2015) Niger Labor Unions (1990 - 1990) Niger Mahamid Arabs (2006 - 2006) Niger Media workers (2000 - 2000) Niger Miners (1996 - 1996) Niger Miners of the Niger Coal Company (SONICHAR) (1994 - 1994) Niger Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa (2013 - 2013) Niger Muslim protesters (2000 - 2015) Niger Muslims (2012 - 2012) Niger National Union of Niger Teachers (2000 - 2000) Niger Niger Association for the Defence of Human Rights (1994 - 1994) Niger Niger soldiers (1995 - 1995) Niger Niger Workers Union (USTN) (1998 - 1999) Niger Nigerian government (1993 - 1993) Niger Nigerien military (2015 - 2015) Niger Opposing parties (1994 - 1995) Niger

580 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Opposition militants (1994 - 1994) Niger Opposition protesters (2014 - 2014) Niger opposition protesters (2015 - 2015) Niger Party supporters (1994 - 1994) Niger Power company workers (1997 - 1997) Niger Prisoners (1991 - 1999) Niger Professors (2000 - 2000) Niger Ranchers (1993 - 1993) Niger Revenue collection oﬃcials (2000 - 2000) Niger Ruling Party Headquarters (2014 - 2014) Niger Saudi tourists (2009 - 2009) Niger Seven main trade unions (2009 - 2009) Niger Single Union for Health and Social Workers (SUSAS) (1999 - 2000) Niger SNEN (teacher’s union) (1992 - 1992) Niger Soldiers (1992 - 2010) Niger Student prisoners (1993 - 1993) Niger Student protesters (2013 - 2013) Niger Students (1990 - 2014) Niger students (2015 - 2015) Niger suicide bomber (2015 - 2015) Niger suicide bombers (2015 - 2015) Niger Teachers (1994 - 2000) Niger

581 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Toubou (1995 - 2001) Niger Tourists (2006 - 2006) Niger Town of Agadez (1995 - 1995) Niger Truck drivers (2002 - 2002) Niger Tuaregs (1990 - 1990) Niger Unidentified Assailants (2014 - 2014) Niger Unidentified Gunmen (2013 - 2014) Niger Unidentified protesters (2014 - 2014) Niger Unidentified Terrorists (2014 - 2014) Niger Unions (1999 - 2009) Niger Unique Union of Health and Social Action (SUSAS) (2001 - 2001) Niger United Nations (2008 - 2008) Niger United States (2003 - 2003) Niger Unknown (2012 - 2012) Niger unknown (2015 - 2015) Niger Unknown gunmen (2009 - 2009) Niger Unspecified civic movement (2008 - 2008) Niger USTN (2009 - 2009) Niger USTN (teacher’s union) (1994 - 1994) Niger Villagers (2008 - 2008) Niger Women (1992 - 1992) Niger Women demonstrators (1992 - 2002) Niger Workers’ Union federation (1997 - 1997) Niger Workers (1994 - 1994) Niger

582 Actor Dictionaries xSub 5.41 Nigeria

Government Challenger Civilian Other Abiola (1995 - 1995) Nige- Al-Sunna wal Jamma sect Citizen (2012 - 2012) Nige- Abubakar Muhammad - ria (2004 - 2004) Nigeria ria customs superintendent (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Adamawa governor (2002 - Ansaru - radical Islamist Citizens (1991 - 2013) Academic Staﬀ Union of 2002) Nigeria group (2012 - 2012) Nige- Nigeria Polytechnics (2014 - 2014) ria Nigeria All Nigeria’s People Party Bakassi Boys (2001 - 2002) Citizens in Christian vil- accused gay men (2014 - (2003 - 2003) Nigeria Nigeria lage (2012 - 2012) Nigeria 2014) Nigeria All Nigeria People’s Party Black Axe Cult (2004 - Citzens (2008 - 2008) Nige- Adamawa Cattle Herders supporters (2003 - 2007) 2004) Nigeria ria (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Nigeria All Nigerian People’s Party Black Axe Fraternity (1998 Civilians (2011 - 2015) Adamawa Farmers (2013 - (2007 - 2007) Nigeria - 2004) Nigeria Nigeria 2013) Nigeria All People’s Party (2001 - Black Axes (1997 - 1997) civilians (2014 - 2014) Adim tribesmen (1996 - 2001) Nigeria Nigeria Nigeria 1996) Nigeria All Peoples Party delegates Boko Haram (2009 - 2015) Civilians ofLogumani African Cup ticket sales (1999 - 1999) Nigeria Nigeria (2013 - 2013) Nigeria organizers (2000 - 2000) Nigeria All Peoples Party leaders Boko haram (2014 - 2015) Muslim citizen (2012 - African Nations Cup (2000 (1999 - 1999) Nigeria Nigeria 2012) Nigeria - 2000) Nigeria All Progressives Congress Boko Haram base (2015 - Muslim citizens (2012 - Agatu Christians (2013 - (2015 - 2015) Nigeria 2015) Nigeria 2012) Nigeria 2013) Nigeria All Progressives Congress Boko Haram female suicide Agboghol community data centre (2014 - 2014) bomber (2014 - 2014) Nige- (2004 - 2004) Nigeria Nigeria ria All Progressives Congress Boko Haram female sui- Agigim villagers (2001 - delegates (2014 - 2014) cide bombers (2014 - 2014) 2001) Nigeria Nigeria Nigeria All Progressives Congress Boko Haram gunmen (2015 Agila tribe (1992 - 1992) supporter (2014 - 2014) - 2015) Nigeria Nigeria Nigeria All Progressives Congress Boko Haram militants Agip (2000 - 2010) Nigeria supporters (2015 - 2015) (2009 - 2009) Nigeria Nigeria All Progressives Congress Boko Haram suicide Aguleri village (1999 - women supporters (2015 - bomber (2014 - 2014) 1999) Nigeria 2015) Nigeria Nigeria Aminu Isa - secret police Boko Harama (2014 - 2014) Air force (2015 - 2015) oﬃcial (2012 - 2012) Nige- Nigeria Nigeria ria Anyim supporters (2002 - Bring Back Our Girls (2015 Air Force (2015 - 2015) 2002) Nigeria - 2015) Nigeria Nigeria

583 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Army chief’s convoy (2015 Bring Back Our Girls Air Force officers (2004 - - 2015) Nigeria movement (2014 - 2014) 2004) Nigeria Nigeria Army Chief (2015 - 2015) Civilian Joint Task Force Air Nigeria airline (2012 - Nigeria (2013 - 2013) Nigeria 2012) Nigeria Bama Police (2013 - 2013) Council for Popular Justice Air Nigeria engineers (2012 Nigeria (1994 - 1994) Nigeria - 2012) Nigeria Bayelsa state MPs (2007 - Eiye Fraternity (1998 - Air Nigeria workers (2012 - 2007) Nigeria 1998) Nigeria 2012) Nigeria Benue State Governor Eye Confraternity cult Air traffic controllers (1992 (2004 - 2004) Nigeria (2004 - 2004) Nigeria - 1996) Nigeria Birnin-Gwari Police (2013 - Ibn Saleh Ibrahim - Boko Airport workers (2001 - 2013) Nigeria Haram commander (2012 - 2001) Nigeria 2012) Nigeria Border patrol officials Islamic Movement of Nige- Airtel (2011 - 2011) Nigeria (2000 - 2000) Nigeria ria (2001 - 2002) Nigeria Car of air force officers Islamic Movement of Nige- Airway workers (2004 - (2012 - 2012) Nigeria ria (IMN) (2015 - 2015) 2005) Nigeria Nigeria Civil servants (1993 - 2002) Joint Revolutionary Coun- Aiyes society (1999 - 1999) Nigeria cil (2010 - 2010) Nigeria Nigeria Congress for National Con- Kalo Kato militants (2009 Ajaokuta Steel Company sensus (1997 - 1997) Nige- - 2009) Nigeria (2007 - 2007) Nigeria ria Congress for Progressive MEND (2010 - 2010) Nige- Al-Qaida in the Islamic Change supporters (2010 - ria Maghreb (AQIM) (2012 - 2010) Nigeria 2012) Nigeria Councillor Nwajei support- MEND gunmen (2006 - Alhaji Muhammadu - man ers (2001 - 2001) Nigeria 2010) Nigeria known for publicly criticiz- ing Boko Haram (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Delta State governor (2001 MEND militants (2010 - All oil companies (2000 - - 2001) Nigeria 2014) Nigeria 2000) Nigeria Democratic Party of Nige- Movement for the Actu- Alleged criminal (2000 - ria (1997 - 1997) Nigeria alisation of the Sovereign 2000) Nigeria State of Biafra (2000 - 2007) Nigeria Deputy Governor (1999 - Movement for the Emanci- Alleged cult members 1999) Nigeria pation of the Niger Delta (2002 - 2002) Nigeria (2006 - 2014) Nigeria Deputy governor of Bayelsa Movement for the Emanci- Almajiri Muslims (1993 - State (2010 - 2010) Nigeria pation of the Niger Delta 1993) Nigeria (MEND) (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Education ministry (2015 - Movement for the Niger American soldiers (2001 - 2015) Nigeria Delta People (2006 - 2006) 2001) Nigeria Nigeria

584 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Egwu supporters (2002 - Movement for the Survival Andoni tribe (1993 - 1993) 2002) Nigeria of Ogoni People (2000 - Nigeria 2004) Nigeria Electoral commission’s of- Muhajirun sect (2004 - Angels Spinning and Dye- fice (2015 - 2015) Nigeria 2004) Nigeria ing Company (2000 - 2000) Nigeria Electoral commission NDPVF Rebels (2004 - Anglican Archbishop of (2007 - 2007) Nigeria 2004) Nigeria Canterbury (2003 - 2003) Nigeria Federal employees (2002 - Niger Delta Liberation Anglican church (2003 - 2002) Nigeria Force (2010 - 2010) Nigeria 2003) Nigeria Federal High Court (2015 - Niger Delta militants (2005 angry mob (2014 - 2014) 2015) Nigeria - 2010) Nigeria Nigeria Federal Road Safety Corps Niger Delta People’s Vol- Angry mob (2015 - 2015) officers (2012 - 2012) Nige- unteer Force (2004 - 2005) Nigeria ria Nigeria Gombe state governor Niger Delta Vigilante Angry youths (2012 - 2012) Ibrahim Dankwambo Movement (2008 - 2008) Nigeria (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Nigeria Government (1990 - 2015) Niger Delta Vigilantes Ansaru (2013 - 2013) Nige- Nigeria (2004 - 2004) Nigeria ria government (2014 - 2014) Niger Delta warlord (2005 Anti-drug officers (1998 - Nigeria - 2005) Nigeria 1998) Nigeria Government building (2012 Nigeria Labour Congress anti-gay mob (2014 - 2014) - 2012) Nigeria (1999 - 2014) Nigeria Nigeria government buildings Odua People’s Congress anti-gay protesters (2014 - (2014 - 2014) Nigeria (2000 - 2002) Nigeria 2014) Nigeria Government buildings Odua Peoples Congress Area Boys (2003 - 2005) (2015 - 2015) Nigeria (2001 - 2005) Nigeria Nigeria Government office (2015 - Oodua People’s Congress Arik Air airline (2012 - 2015) Nigeria (2011 - 2011) Nigeria 2012) Nigeria governor’s home, prisoners Planned opposition rally Armed gunmen (2004 - (2014 - 2014) Nigeria by the All Progressives 2004) Nigeria Congress (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Governor (2001 - 2001) protesters (2001 - 2015) Armed men (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Nigeria Nigeria Governor Gabriel Suswam Protesters (2007 - 2011) Armed militants (2015 - of Benu State’s convoy Nigeria 2015) Nigeria (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Hadiza Bala Usman (2014 rioters (2014 - 2014) Nige- Armed robbers (2012 - - 2014) Nigeria ria 2012) Nigeria Ibrahim Abba Garko - law- Rival factions of Odua Peo- Asipa community (2000 - maker in Kano state assem- ples Congress (2004 - 2004) 2000) Nigeria bly (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Nigeria

585 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Incumbent governor sup- Rival Niger Delta gang Assailants (2007 - 2012) porters (2010 - 2010) Nige- (2007 - 2008) Nigeria Nigeria ria Interior Minister Abba Suspected Boko Haram Ataba villagers (2004 - Moro (2014 - 2014) Nigeria gunmen (2012 - 2012) 2004) Nigeria Nigeria John Baren - chairman of Suspected rebels (1998 - Ataka (2013 - 2013) Nigeria local branch of People’s 1998) Nigeria Democratic Party (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Kaduna State government The People’s Patriotic Ataka Ethnic Group (2013 house (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Revolutionary Force of - 2013) Nigeria the Joint Revolutionary Council (2010 - 2010) Nigeria Kano police (2013 - 2013) United Front for Nigeria’s Attackers (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Liberation (1996 - 1996) Nigeria Nigeria Kano State Council of women protesters (2014 - Authors (1994 - 1994) Islamic Scholars (2001 - 2014) Nigeria Nigeria 2001) Nigeria Kebbi State governor sup- youth protesters (anti- Aviation workers (2003 - porters (2010 - 2010) Nige- Sanusi) (2014 - 2014) 2003) Nigeria ria Nigeria Labour Party (2011 - 2011) Awori tribe (2008 - 2008) Nigeria Nigeria Lagos governor Babatunde Azeri tribesmen (2001 - Fashola (2012 - 2012) Nige- 2001) Nigeria ria Lagos oﬃcials (1999 - B-Dere community (2007 - 1999) Nigeria 2007) Nigeria Local government (1999 - Bakers (2005 - 2008) Nige- 2009) Nigeria ria Local government chair- Bandits (2013 - 2013) Nige- man (2011 - 2011) Nigeria ria Local government workers Bank (2011 - 2011) Nigeria (2001 - 2001) Nigeria Local governments (2001 - bank (2014 - 2014) Nigeria 2006) Nigeria Local governor (2006 - Bank workers (1993 - 1999) 2006) Nigeria Nigeria Local Nigerian Gov- Banknote printers (1995 - ernment (2013 - 2013) 1995) Nigeria Nigeria Local oﬃcials (1999 - 1999) Banks (2012 - 2012) Nige- Nigeria ria

586 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Louis Odion - spokesman Barako residents (2010 - for Edo state governor 2010) Nigeria Adams Oshiomhole (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Magistrates (2002 - 2002) Bassambiri villagers (1997 Nigeria - 1997) Nigeria Maj. Gen. Ahmadu Bayero University campus Mohammed (2014 - 2014) (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Nigeria Mala Othman, local politi- Beer garden (2012 - 2012) cian in Maiduguri (2013 - Nigeria 2013) Nigeria Mamman Sule - police Beera community (2007 - commissioner (2012 - 2012) 2007) Nigeria Nigeria Military (1994 - 2015) Belgium (1998 - 1998) Nigeria Nigeria military barracks (2014 - Berom Christians (2011 - 2014) Nigeria 2011) Nigeria military barracks (soldiers Bille community (2001 - and police) (2014 - 2014) 2001) Nigeria Nigeria Military base (2015 - 2015) Birom tribe (2002 - 2002) Nigeria Nigeria Military boarding school Black Ax society (1999 - (2011 - 2011) Nigeria 1999) Nigeria Military camp (2015 - Bodo community (2007 - 2015) Nigeria 2007) Nigeria Military checkpoint (2012 - Boghom tribesmen (2001 - 2012) Nigeria 2001) Nigeria military convoy (2014 - Boje villagers (2010 - 2010) 2014) Nigeria Nigeria Military facility (2015 - Bomber (2012 - 2012) Nige- 2015) Nigeria ria Military patrol (2012 - Bomber on motorcycle 2012) Nigeria (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Military patrol vehicle Bombers (2012 - 2012) (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Nigeria military post (2014 - 2014) Bombers on motorcycle Nigeria (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Military supporters (1994 - Bombers/gunmen (2012 - 1994) Nigeria 2012) Nigeria Miltary base (2015 - 2015) boys, girls, men and Nigeria women (2014 - 2014) Nigeria

587 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Momoh supporters (2000 - Bread vendors (2002 - 2000) Nigeria 2002) Nigeria National Conscience Party Bridge (2012 - 2015) Nige- (1995 - 2001) Nigeria ria National Democratic bridge (2014 - 2014) Nige- Coalition (1994 - 1994) ria Nigeria National Labor Congress Bridge between Adamawa (1993 - 1993) Nigeria and Borno States (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Niger government (1994 - bridge between Maiduguri 1994) Nigeria and Biu (2014 - 2014) Nige- ria Nigerian army (2011 - British government (1995 - 2011) Nigeria 1995) Nigeria Nigerian Government British hostage (2012 - (2013 - 2013) Nigeria 2012) Nigeria Nigerian Military (2013 - Broadcasting station work- 2014) Nigeria ers (1999 - 1999) Nigeria Nigerian military (2014 - Buccaneers (1997 - 1997) 2014) Nigeria Nigeria Nigerian military and Bus (2014 - 2015) Nigeria multinational force (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Nigerian Navy (2013 - Bus and taxi drivers (2002 2013) Nigeria - 2002) Nigeria Nigerian Police (2013 - Bus driver (2012 - 2012) 2013) Nigeria Nigeria Nigerian troops (2015 - Bus drivers (1998 - 2006) 2015) Nigeria Nigeria Olagbaju supporters (2001 Bus drivers union (2002 - - 2001) Nigeria 2002) Nigeria Olaitan Oyerinde - private Bus loaded with passengers secretary to Edo state gov- (2012 - 2012) Nigeria ernor Adams Oshiomhole (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Opposing political party Bus park (2015 - 2015) (2003 - 2003) Nigeria Nigeria Opposition party (2003 - bus station (2014 - 2014) 2005) Nigeria Nigeria Opposition party support- Bus station (2015 - 2015) ers (2004 - 2004) Nigeria Nigeria People’s Democratic Party Bus stations (2015 - 2015) (2001 - 2015) Nigeria Nigeria

588 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other People’s Democratic Party Bus terminal (2015 - 2015) supporters (2006 - 2010) Nigeria Nigeria Peoples Democratic Cameroonian military Party’s supporters (2015 - (2014 - 2014) Nigeria 2015) Nigeria Peoples Democratic Party Campaign for Democracy (2000 - 2006) Nigeria (1993 - 1994) Nigeria Peoples Democratic Party Cargo ship (2015 - 2015) (PDP) supporters (2015 - Nigeria 2015) Nigeria Peoples Democratic Party Cargo ship Breiz Klipper supporters (2003 - 2015) (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Nigeria Peoples Demoncratic Party Cargo ship Fourseas SW (2011 - 2011) Nigeria (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Peoples Redemption Party Carisbrooke Shipping (2004 - 2004) Nigeria (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Police (1993 - 2015) Nigeria Catholics (2002 - 2002) Nigeria police (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Cattle herders (1999 - 2001) Nigeria police academy (2014 - Cattle rustlers (2011 - 2014) Nigeria 2011) Nigeria Police constable (2012 - Censu workers (2006 - 2012) Nigeria 2006) Nigeria Police headquarters (2012 - Chad forces (2015 - 2015) 2012) Nigeria Nigeria Police inspector (2012 - Chad troops (2015 - 2015) 2012) Nigeria Nigeria Police minister (2011 - Chadian rebels (2003 - 2011) Nigeria 2003) Nigeria Police of Damboa (2013 - Chadian troops (2015 - 2013) Nigeria 2015) Nigeria Police oﬃcer (2012 - 2012) Chala ethnic group (2009 - Nigeria 2009) Nigeria Police oﬃcers (2012 - 2012) Checkpoint (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Nigeria Police station (2012 - 2015) Checkpoints (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Nigeria police station (2014 - 2014) Chevron (2007 - 2010) Nigeria Nigeria Police Station (2015 - Chevron workers (2007 - 2015) Nigeria 2008) Nigeria police station, government ChevronTexaco (2002 - lodge (2014 - 2014) Nigeria 2005) Nigeria

589 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other police station, military Chibok residents associa- camp (2014 - 2014) Nigeria tion (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Police stations (2012 - children (2014 - 2014) 2012) Nigeria Nigeria Policeman (2012 - 2012) Children of Ansarudeen Nigeria Private School (2013 - 2013) Nigeria policeman (2014 - 2014) Chinese construction Nigeria worker (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Policemen (2012 - 2015) Chinese traders (2015 - Nigeria 2015) Nigeria policemen (2014 - 2014) Chinese workers (2014 - Nigeria 2014) Nigeria President’s adviser (2010 - Chistian youths (2011 - 2010) Nigeria 2011) Nigeria President Goodluck Christ Embassy church Jonathan’s campaign rally (2012 - 2012) Nigeria (2015 - 2015) Nigeria President Goodluck Christian (2004 - 2004) Jonathan’s convoy (2015 - Nigeria 2015) Nigeria Presidential election win- Christian Berom villagers ner (1994 - 1994) Nigeria (2012 - 2012) Nigeria presidential palace, Pres- Christian churches and ident Jonathan (2014 - beer parlors (2001 - 2001) 2014) Nigeria Nigeria Presidential villa (2015 - Christian citizens (2012 - 2015) Nigeria 2012) Nigeria Prison guards (2001 - 2001) Christian college, school, Nigeria public buildings (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Prison workers (2004 - Christian couple and child 2005) Nigeria (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Prisoners (2001 - 2007) Christian Family (2014 - Nigeria 2014) Nigeria prisoners (2014 - 2014) Christian farmers (2004 - Nigeria 2010) Nigeria Prisons (2006 - 2006) Nige- Christian Farmers of Jos ria (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Pro-Abacha demonstrators Christian gangs (2011 - (1998 - 1998) Nigeria 2011) Nigeria Pro-Abacha supporters Christian Igbo citizens (1998 - 1998) Nigeria (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Riot police (1998 - 1998) Christian Igbo traders Nigeria (2012 - 2012) Nigeria

590 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Rival faction of the Peoples Christian Igbos (2012 - Democratic Party (2000 - 2012) Nigeria 2002) Nigeria Rival factions of Peoples Christian pastor (2010 - Democratic Party (2006 - 2010) Nigeria 2006) Nigeria Rival supporters of the Christian pastor, Chris- Peoples Democratic Party tians (2014 - 2014) Nigeria (2002 - 2002) Nigeria Ruling party (2003 - 2003) Christian Tarok militiamen Nigeria (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Secret police oﬃcer (2012 - Christian Taroks (2004 - 2012) Nigeria 2004) Nigeria Security checkpoint (2015 - Christian teacher (2007 - 2015) Nigeria 2007) Nigeria Security forces (1999 - Christian Tiv citizens 2012) Nigeria (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Security Patrol Boat (2014 Christian traders (2012 - - 2014) Nigeria 2012) Nigeria Senior Kano policeman Christian vigilante group (2013 - 2013) Nigeria (2012 - 2012) Nigeria soldiers, government build- Christian village (2012 - ings (2014 - 2014) Nigeria 2012) Nigeria Special Anti-Robbery Christian villagers (2011 - Squad police station (2012 2014) Nigeria - 2012) Nigeria Special military unit (2012 Christian Villagers (2013 - - 2012) Nigeria 2013) Nigeria State government (2011 - Christian villages (2012 - 2011) Nigeria 2012) Nigeria State Governor Kashim Christian worshippers Shettima (2014 - 2014) (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Nigeria State Securtiy Service Christian youths (2010 - (2014 - 2014) Nigeria 2012) Nigeria Troops (2015 - 2015) Nige- Christians (1991 - 2015) ria Nigeria United Action for Democ- Church (2011 - 2015) Nige- racy (1998 - 1998) Nigeria ria United Nigerian Peoples church (2014 - 2014) Nige- Party candidate (2002 - ria 2002) Nigeria Vice President (2006 - Church guard (2012 - 2012) 2006) Nigeria Nigeria Vice president supporters churches, worshippers (2006 - 2006) Nigeria (2014 - 2014) Nigeria

591 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Zannah Malam Gana - Citizens in Zamfara (2013 - Borno state justice com- 2013) Nigeria missioner (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Citizens of Dawashe (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Citizens of Kano (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Citizens, mosque (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Civil Rights Congress (2003 - 2010) Nigeria Civilian vigilante oﬃce (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Civilian vigilantes (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Coaching staﬀ (1994 - 1994) Nigeria College of Administrative and Business Studies (2015 - 2015) Nigeria College students (1993 - 1993) Nigeria College Students (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Committee for the Defence of Human Rights (1993 - 1993) Nigeria Construction ship (2008 - 2008) Nigeria Contract laborers (2002 - 2002) Nigeria Copy cat killers (2011 - 2011) Nigeria Court workers (2007 - 2010) Nigeria courthouse (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Crew of the C-Retriever (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Crime bosses (2001 - 2001) Nigeria Critics of Bakassi Boys (2002 - 2002) Nigeria Cult gangs (2007 - 2007) Nigeria

592 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Daily Times (2004 - 2004) Nigeria Daily Times press group (1996 - 1996) Nigeria Damboa Mosque (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Danish government (2006 - 2006) Nigeria Danladi Isa Kademi - lawmaker in Kano state house of assembly (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Deebam gang (2007 - 2007) Nigeria Deeper Life Evangelical Church (2012 - 2012) Nige- ria Deewell gang (2007 - 2007) Nigeria Deleugbene youths (1999 - 1999) Nigeria Detained alleged hijacker (1994 - 1994) Nigeria Detained homosexuals (2007 - 2007) Nigeria Detained man’s wives (2008 - 2008) Nigeria Dock workers (1994 - 2003) Nigeria Doctors (2000 - 2010) Nige- ria doctors (2014 - 2014) Nige- ria Doctors in the Lagos State Public Service (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Dorawa Church (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Drivers’ union (2000 - 2000) Nigeria Dumne community (2003 - 2003) Nigeria Dutch nationals (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Edagbari villagers (2005 - 2005) Nigeria

593 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Educational outreach students (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Egba community (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Egba tribe (2008 - 2008) Nigeria Egbema National Front (2003 - 2003) Nigeria Egbema youths (2002 - 2002) Nigeria Eggon tribe (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Ekakpawre tribesmen (1997 - 1997) Nigeria elderly (2014 - 2014) Nige- ria Elderly men (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Election rally (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Electricity workers (1999 - 1999) Nigeria Elf (2000 - 2000) Nigeria Emir (2008 - 2008) Nigeria Emir of Kano (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Enahoro supporters (2000 - 2000) Nigeria Enenche Akogwu - journalist for private news station Channels Television (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Eni SpA (2010 - 2010) Nigeria Evangelical church (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Evangelist Church of West Africa (2015 - 2015) Nige- ria Ex-governor supporters (2010 - 2010) Nigeria Ex-militia youths (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Ex-rebels (2010 - 2010) Nigeria

594 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Ex-soldiers (2005 - 2005) Nigeria extremists (2014 - 2014) Nigeria ExxonMobil (2006 - 2011) Nigeria ExxonMobil employees (2010 - 2010) Nigeria ExxonMobil workers (2008 - 2010) Nigeria Ezilo community (2011 - 2011) Nigeria Ezza community (2011 - 2011) Nigeria Factory (2002 - 2002) Nige- ria Family in Christian village (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Family in Rantis (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Farmers (1996 - 2015) Nigeria farmers (2014 - 2014) Nige- ria Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Federal College of Educa- tion (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Female protesters (2002 - 2002) Nigeria Female suicide bomber (2015 - 2015) Nigeria First Bank of Nigeria (2001 - 2001) Nigeria ﬁsh vendors (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Fishermen (2002 - 2015) Nigeria ﬁshing village (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Food and drink workers (2000 - 2000) Nigeria Food workers (2004 - 2004) Nigeria

595 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Football fans (2000 - 2011) Nigeria football fans (2014 - 2014) Nigeria football pitch (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Football players (1994 - 2000) Nigeria Football sponsors (2001 - 2001) Nigeria Forcados oil pipeline (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Foreign construction workers (2011 - 2011) Nigeria Foreign crew of the Ar- mada Tuah (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Foreign oil workers (1997 - 2010) Nigeria Foreign school children (2010 - 2010) Nigeria Foreign Workers (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Foreigners (2006 - 2006) Nigeria Former government workers (2002 - 2002) Nigeria Former militant leader (2011 - 2011) Nigeria Former president (2005 - 2005) Nigeria Former presidential adviser (2011 - 2011) Nigeria Former soldiers (2007 - 2007) Nigeria Francis Colump - French engineer for renewable energy ﬁrm Vergnet SA (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Freight and forwarding agents (2009 - 2009) Nigeria French factory (2014 - 2014) Nigeria fuel depot (2014 - 2014) Nigeria

596 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Fuel facility (2009 - 2009) Nigeria Fuel marketing ﬁrms (2001 - 2001) Nigeria Fuel tank drivers (2001 - 2001) Nigeria Fuel truck drivers (2001 - 2001) Nigeria Fulani Ethnic group (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Fulani herders (2002 - 2004) Nigeria Fulani herdsmen (2003 - 2015) Nigeria Fulani Herdsmen (2013 - 2014) Nigeria Fulani Muslims (2011 - 2014) Nigeria Fulani nomads (2001 - 2009) Nigeria Funeral attendees (2011 - 2011) Nigeria Gajiram Residents (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Gamboru primary school (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Gang of bandits (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Gang of robbers (2011 - 2011) Nigeria Gas tanker drivers (2010 - 2010) Nigeria Gbaregolo tribe (1997 - 1997) Nigeria George Bush and Tony Blair (2010 - 2010) Nigeria German engineer Edgar Fritz Raupach (2012 - 2012) Nigeria German national (2014 - 2014) Nigeria German nationals (2014 - 2014) Nigeria German tourists (2010 - 2010) Nigeria

597 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Giew Barracks military compound (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Gindiris (1997 - 1997) Nigeria girls (2014 - 2014) Nigeria girls and boys (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Globestar Engineering (2004 - 2004) Nigeria Gokana Tuka tribe (1993 - 1993) Nigeria Gomai community (2006 - 2009) Nigeria grain truck (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Greek-owned oil tanker (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Greek freighter (2011 - 2011) Nigeria GSM (2003 - 2003) Nigeria Guardian workers (2000 - 2000) Nigeria Guma tribe (1993 - 1993) Nigeria Gunman (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Gunmen (2004 - 2015) Nigeria gunmen (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Gwalam village - Muslim area (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Gwandara tribe (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Gwoza residents (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Hausa-Fulani herdsmen (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Hausa Fulani herdsmen (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Hausa Muslims (1999 - 2004) Nigeria Hausa traders (1999 - 1999) Nigeria

598 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Hausa tribe (1999 - 2002) Nigeria Hausa tribesmen (1996 - 1996) Nigeria Hausa youths (1998 - 1999) Nigeria Hausas (2000 - 2000) Nige- ria Hausas tribesmen (1995 - 1995) Nigeria Head of the primary school (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Health workers (1997 - 2009) Nigeria Herders (2005 - 2005) Nige- ria Herdsmen (1996 - 2005) Nigeria Hezinon Aﬁton Hotel (2001 - 2001) Nigeria High court (2001 - 2001) Nigeria Hired political thugs (2003 - 2003) Nigeria Hisbah (2001 - 2003) Nige- ria Hospital (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Hotel (2011 - 2011) Nigeria House of Representatives (2003 - 2003) Nigeria Human rights campaigner (2010 - 2010) Nigeria Ibo tribesmen (1995 - 2000) Nigeria Ife community (2000 - 2000) Nigeria Ife tribe (1997 - 1997) Nige- ria Ife tribesmen (1997 - 2000) Nigeria Igbo kinsmen (2000 - 2000) Nigeria Ijaw militants (1999 - 2005) Nigeria

599 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Ijaw tribe (1997 - 1998) Nigeria Ijaw tribesmen (1997 - 1999) Nigeria Ijaw youths (1999 - 2006) Nigeria Ijaws (1997 - 2006) Nigeria Ijaws and oil workers (2004 - 2004) Nigeria Ilaje community (2002 - 2002) Nigeria Ilaje tribe (1998 - 1998) Nigeria Ilaje youths (2002 - 2002) Nigeria Independent National Electoral Commission (2011 - 2015) Nigeria Indigenous farmers (2002 - 2002) Nigeria Indigenous People of Biafra (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Inmates (2007 - 2010) Nigeria Insecurity (2011 - 2011) Nigeria Ipetumodu community (2000 - 2000) Nigeria Iran (2005 - 2005) Nigeria Ireles (2006 - 2006) Nigeria Islamic boarding school (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Islamic fundamentalists (1991 - 1991) Nigeria Islamic militants (2007 - 2014) Nigeria Islamists (2011 - 2011) Nigeria Isoko tribesmen (1999 - 1999) Nigeria Israel (2000 - 2009) Nigeria Israeli ambassador (2001 - 2001) Nigeria Italian national (2012 - 2012) Nigeria

600 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Itsekiri community (2001 - 2001) Nigeria Itsekiri militants (2003 - 2004) Nigeria Itsekiri tribesmen (1997 - 1999) Nigeria Itsekiri youths (1999 - 2003) Nigeria Journalists (1991 - 2012) Nigeria judicial staﬀ (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Jukun gunmen (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Jukun tribe (1991 - 1992) Nigeria Jukun tribesmen (2001 - 2001) Nigeria Jukun villagers (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Junior workers (1996 - 1996) Nigeria Junkun Ethnic group (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Justice, Development Peace Commission (2010 - 2010) Nigeria Justices (2008 - 2008) Nige- ria Kajuru protesters (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Kalabari tribe (2004 - 2004) Nigeria Kalakato (2004 - 2004) Nigeria Kalakato Muslims (1993 - 1993) Nigeria Kamene Okonjo - mother of Finance Minister Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Kanam community (2002 - 2002) Nigeria Kaningkon and Fansuwa tribes (1999 - 1999) Nige- ria

601 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Kano Citizens (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Kano fans (2002 - 2002) Nigeria Kano Polytechnic College (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Kano Tans Leather Fac- tory (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Kano Tans Leather Fac- tory workers (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Karimojos (1996 - 1996) Nigeria Ke and Krakrama communities (2001 - 2001) Nigeria Khana community (2005 - 2005) Nigeria Kidnappers (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Killers of bartender (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Kolapo supporters (2000 - 2000) Nigeria Koluama youths (1999 - 1999) Nigeria Koran desecrator (2011 - 2011) Nigeria Korean doctors (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Kwale tribesmen (2001 - 2001) Nigeria Kwol community (2002 - 2002) Nigeria Labor unions (2009 - 2009) Nigeria Lactop Marine Force - armed gang (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Ladi Kayamuna Market (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Langtang community (2002 - 2002) Nigeria Lawmakers (1999 - 1999) Nigeria Lawyers (1992 - 2012) Nigeria

602 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Lebanese citizens (2005 - 2006) Nigeria Lebanese nationals (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Legislators (2005 - 2005) Nigeria Liquified natural gas plant (1999 - 1999) Nigeria Local authorities (2011 - 2011) Nigeria Local card players (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Local chief’s palance (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Local farmers (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Local Independent National Electoral Com- mission Office (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Local political candidate (2010 - 2010) Nigeria Local politicians (2004 - 2010) Nigeria local vigilantes (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Local vigilantes (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Lorbia Gang (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Major Nigerian firms (2002 - 2003) Nigeria Major Nigerian food firms (2002 - 2002) Nigeria Malkohi refugee camp (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Mamudo Government Sec- ondary School (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Market (2012 - 2015) Nige- ria market (2014 - 2014) Nige- ria market, homes (2014 - 2014) Nigeria

603 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Markets (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Masked Gunmen (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Match oﬃcials (2009 - 2009) Nigeria Mbiabo tribe (2000 - 2000) Nigeria Mechanics (2003 - 2003) Nigeria Medicine shop owners (2004 - 2004) Nigeria Members of Muslim Hausa- Fulani ethnic group (2012 - 2012) Nigeria men (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Men (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Men and boys (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Militants (2003 - 2015) Nigeria Miners (2005 - 2005) Nige- ria Miss World pageant (2002 - 2002) Nigeria Mkpat Enin communities (1992 - 1992) Nigeria Mob from Imbur - largely Christian area (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Mobil (1998 - 1998) Nigeria mobile phone market (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Mobile phone tower (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Modakeke community (2000 - 2000) Nigeria Modakeke tribe (1997 - 1997) Nigeria Modakeke tribesmen (1997 - 2000) Nigeria Mogho community (2007 - 2007) Nigeria monarch (2014 - 2014) Nigeria

604 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Moped drivers (2005 - 2005) Nigeria Mosque (2015 - 2015) Nige- ria mosque, local chief (2014 - 2014) Nigeria mosques (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Mosques (2015 - 2015) Nigeria mothers (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Motor park (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Motorcycle-mounted gunmen (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Motorcycle-riding suicide bomber (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Motorists (2015 - 2015) Nigeria MT Abu Dhabi Star - oil tanker (2012 - 2012) Nige- ria MT Matrix Crew (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Muhammad Abali - Emir of Fika (Muslim religious leader) (2012 - 2012) Nige- ria Muhammad Ali - assistant superintendent of police (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Muhammad Wanzan - head of local vigilante group (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Multinational Joint Task Force base at Baga (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Murdered woman’s family (2004 - 2004) Nigeria Musa Magazi - principal of secondary school (2012 - 2012) Nigeria

605 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Muslim attackers (2011 - 2011) Nigeria Muslim cleric (2011 - 2012) Nigeria Muslim cleric Adam Al- bani and family (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Muslim cleric Usman Muhammad (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Muslim Fulani (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Muslim Fulani attackers (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Muslim Fulani gunmen (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Muslim Fulani herdsmen (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Muslim Fulani tribesmen (2011 - 2011) Nigeria Muslim Fulanis (2004 - 2004) Nigeria Muslim gangs (2011 - 2011) Nigeria Muslim herdsmen (2010 - 2012) Nigeria Muslim Lawmakers (2006 - 2006) Nigeria Muslim militants (2004 - 2004) Nigeria Muslim motorists (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Muslim nomads (2010 - 2010) Nigeria Muslim reporters (2010 - 2010) Nigeria Muslim school (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Muslim sect (2011 - 2011) Nigeria Muslim students (1993 - 1996) Nigeria Muslim traders (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Muslim Villagers (2013 - 2013) Nigeria

606 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Muslim villagers (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Muslim Worshippers (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Muslim Youth Congress (2001 - 2001) Nigeria Muslim youths (1998 - 2012) Nigeria Muslims (1991 - 2015) Nigeria MV Spar Rigel - Norwegian-ﬂagged ship (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Nasarawa United fans (2009 - 2009) Nigeria National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (2010 - 2010) Nigeria National Association of Air Traﬃc Controllers (2015 - 2015) Nigeria National Democratic Con- vention (1994 - 1994) Nige- ria National Electric Power Authority (2000 - 2003) Nigeria National Union of Elec- tricity Employees (2010 - 2010) Nigeria National Union of Elec- trity Workers (2011 - 2011) Nigeria Native village of the chief of army (2015 - 2015) Nige- ria Nembe Patriotic Youth (1997 - 1997) Nigeria New Abuja Market (2014 - 2014) Nigeria New Emir of Kano, Sanusi Lamido Sanusi, state government headquarters, Sanusi supporters (2014 - 2014) Nigeria

607 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Newspaper workers (1991 - 2007) Nigeria Ngbo tribe (1992 - 1992) Nigeria Niger Delta delegates (2005 - 2005) Nigeria Niger Delta Front Forum (1999 - 1999) Nigeria Niger Delta gang (2007 - 2009) Nigeria Niger Soldier (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Niger students (1994 - 1994) Nigeria Niger troops (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Nigeria Airways (2003 - 2003) Nigeria Nigeria Airways employees (2001 - 2001) Nigeria Nigeria Premier League (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Nigeria Premier League soccer team Ocean Boys (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Nigeria Referees Associa- tion (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Nigerian Defense Head- quarters (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Nigerian Football Associa- tion (2001 - 2001) Nigeria Nigerian football fans (1999 - 2000) Nigeria Nigerian National Petroleum Company (2010 - 2010) Nigeria Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation engineers and technicians (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Nigerian National Petroleum workers (2010 - 2010) Nigeria Nigerian oil workers (1997 - 1997) Nigeria

608 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Nigerian pilot (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Nigerian Television Au- thority - state-run (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Nigerian youths (1998 - 1998) Nigeria Nigerians (2003 - 2010) Nigeria Night club (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Ninzam-speaking youths (1999 - 1999) Nigeria Njilang Villagers (2013 - 2013) Nigeria NNPC workers (1993 - 1993) Nigeria Nomadic Fulanis (2002 - 2002) Nigeria Nomadic Herders (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Nomadic Muslim herdsmen (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Nomads (2003 - 2009) Nigeria Non-Muslims (1995 - 2001) Nigeria Nsadop villagers (2010 - 2010) Nigeria NUPENG - blue-collar oil workers union (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Nurses (2001 - 2004) Nige- ria Nurses and midwives (1994 - 1994) Nigeria Nweviara residents (2010 - 2010) Nigeria Ocean Boys (2009 - 2009) Nigeria Ocean Inchape Ltd. (1997 - 1997) Nigeria Odukpani tribe (2000 - 2000) Nigeria

609 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Oﬃces of Shell and Chevron (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Ogbo-Lombiri youths (1997 - 1997) Nigeria Ogoni peopl (2005 - 2005) Nigeria Ogoni tribe (1993 - 1994) Nigeria Ogoni tribesmen (1998 - 1998) Nigeria Ogoni youths (1998 - 1998) Nigeria Ogonis (2008 - 2008) Nige- ria Oil companies (1997 - 2010) Nigeria Oil contract workers (2001 - 2001) Nigeria Oil ﬂow station (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Oil industry supply vessel (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Oil minister (1991 - 1991) Nigeria Oil pipeline owned by Ital- ian company EniSpA (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Oil security vessel (2008 - 2008) Nigeria Oil stations (2000 - 2000) Nigeria Oil tanker (2011 - 2012) Nigeria Oil tanker drivers (2006 - 2015) Nigeria Oil thieves (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Oil unions (2002 - 2007) Nigeria Oil workers (1993 - 2015) Nigeria Ojoba villagers (2004 - 2004) Nigeria Okoroete community (1992 - 1992) Nigeria

610 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Okrika tribe (1993 - 1993) Nigeria Ologba community (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Ombatse pagan cult (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Ondo state citizens (2000 - 2000) Nigeria Opposing party supporters (2004 - 2007) Nigeria Opposing party supporters in Khana (2005 - 2005) Nigeria opposition lawmakers (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Opposition leader’s wife (1996 - 1996) Nigeria Opposition leaders (1996 - 1996) Nigeria Opposition supporter (1996 - 1996) Nigeria Opposition supporters (1998 - 1999) Nigeria Opposition supporting dock workers (1999 - 1999) Nigeria Osama bin Laden (2001 - 2001) Nigeria Osio Agama (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Outlaws Gang (2010 - 2010) Nigeria Owaza villagers (2005 - 2005) Nigeria Palestine (2001 - 2002) Nigeria Pan community (2006 - 2006) Nigeria Panyams (1997 - 1997) Nigeria parents (2014 - 2014) Nige- ria Patrol oﬃcers (2009 - 2009) Nigeria Patrolmen (2011 - 2011) Nigeria

611 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Pere villagers (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Performers (2004 - 2004) Nigeria Perpetrators of suicide bombing (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Petrol drivers (2009 - 2009) Nigeria petrol station (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Petrol truck drivers (1993 - 1993) Nigeria Petroleum and Natural Gas Senior Staﬀ Asso- ciation (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Pilots (1993 - 1993) Nigeria Pirates (2009 - 2015) Nige- ria Players (2000 - 2000) Nige- ria Polio Clinics (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Polish cargo ship (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Political militiamen (2004 - 2004) Nigeria Political opponents (2002 - 2002) Nigeria Political party members (2001 - 2001) Nigeria Polling oﬃcials (1999 - 1999) Nigeria Polling station (2011 - 2011) Nigeria Polling stations (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Polytechnic teachers (2001 - 2001) Nigeria President (2000 - 2010) Nigeria President Clinton (2000 - 2000) Nigeria Previous governor supporters (2010 - 2010) Nigeria

612 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Primary school (2012 - 2012) Nigeria primary schools (2014 - 2014) Nigeria prison (2014 - 2014) Nige- ria Private radio station (2007 - 2007) Nigeria Pro-democracy citizens (2005 - 2005) Nigeria Pro-democracy demonstrators (1998 - 1998) Nigeria Pro-democracy supporters (1998 - 1998) Nigeria public health college (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Public school teachers (1999 - 1999) Nigeria Public sector workers (1998 - 2001) Nigeria Railway workers (2002 - 2002) Nigeria Ranchers (1999 - 1999) Nigeria red light district broth- el/hotel (2014 - 2014) Nige- ria Referees (2001 - 2003) Nigeria Reﬁnery workers and tank drivers (1994 - 1994) Nige- ria Relatives of murdered journalist (2003 - 2003) Nigeria Relatives of politicians (2003 - 2003) Nigeria Residential neighborhood (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Residents of Damboa (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Residents of Dumba (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Residents of Gamboru Ngala (2013 - 2013) Nigeria

613 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Residents of Kano (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Residents of Maiduguri (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Residents of Ngalda (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Restaurant (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Retired Colonel Mo- hammed Hama Barde (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Retired soldiers (2002 - 2002) Nigeria Rival cult fraternity (2004 - 2004) Nigeria Rival cult gang (2007 - 2007) Nigeria Rival faction of drivers’ union (2000 - 2000) Nigeria Rival faction of students’ union (2001 - 2001) Nigeria Rival faction of the SOP (2000 - 2000) Nigeria Rival factions of students’ union (1994 - 1994) Nigeria Rival Hausa factions (1996 - 1996) Nigeria Rival Kalabari tribe (2004 - 2004) Nigeria Rival members of transport union (2002 - 2002) Nigeria Rival street gangs (2003 - 2004) Nigeria Rival university gang (2005 - 2009) Nigeria Rival Yandaba (2001 - 2001) Nigeria Rival youths (2000 - 2000) Nigeria Robbers (2005 - 2005) Nigeria Roman Catholic church (2012 - 2014) Nigeria Sabo Garbu’s campaign meeting (2015 - 2015) Nigeria

614 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Sailors (2010 - 2010) Nige- ria Saint Charles Catholic church (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Sapo community (2002 - 2002) Nigeria Sayawa (2011 - 2011) Nige- ria school (2014 - 2014) Nige- ria schoolgirls (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Schools (2012 - 2012) Nige- ria schools (2014 - 2014) Nige- ria secondary school students (2014 - 2014) Nigeria security meeting (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Security personnel (2002 - 2002) Nigeria Senior director (2002 - 2002) Nigeria Share community (2000 - 2000) Nigeria Sharia judges (2005 - 2005) Nigeria Shariah court (2014 - 2015) Nigeria Sheikh Dahiru Bauchi (cleric), Muhammadu Buhari (opposition leader) (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Shell (1993 - 2010) Nigeria Shell contract workers (1998 - 1998) Nigeria Shell employees (1996 - 2002) Nigeria Shell white collar workers (2004 - 2004) Nigeria Shell workers (1999 - 2004) Nigeria Shia Muslim worshippers (2012 - 2012) Nigeria

615 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Shia Muslims (2005 - 2006) Nigeria Shiite ceremony (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Shiite mosque (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Shiite Muslims (2005 - 2015) Nigeria Ship (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Ship owned by Bourbon SA - French company (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Shipping companies (2009 - 2009) Nigeria Ships belonging to Sea Trucks Group (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Shop owners (1994 - 1994) Nigeria shopping center (2014 - 2014) Nigeria shopping complex (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Shopping mall (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Shuwa tribes (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Sina Kawonise - managing director and editor-in-chief of Nigerian Compass newspaper (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Sister of the governor of Bayelsa state (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Socio-Economic Rights and Accountability Project (SERAP) (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Soil conservation college (2011 - 2011) Nigeria Soldier (2001 - 2001) Nige- ria Soldiers (1990 - 2015) Nige- ria soldiers (2014 - 2014) Nige- ria

616 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other South African government (2012 - 2012) Nigeria SP Brussels tanker (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Spanish doctor (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Sports journalists (2010 - 2010) Nigeria St. Andrew Military Protestant Church (2012 - 2012) Nigeria St. Finbar’s Catholic Church (2012 - 2012) Nige- ria St. John’s Catholic Church (2012 - 2012) Nigeria St. Rita’s Catholic Church (2012 - 2012) Nigeria State media workers (2005 - 2005) Nigeria State telephone workers (2006 - 2006) Nigeria Steel workers (2007 - 2007) Nigeria Stranded passengers (2003 - 2003) Nigeria Street gangs (2003 - 2004) Nigeria Student activist (2002 - 2002) Nigeria Students’ union (1994 - 1994) Nigeria Students (1991 - 2009) Nigeria Students at Federal Poly- technic Mubi college (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Suicice bomber (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Suicide bomber (2012 - 2015) Nigeria suicide bomber (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Suicide bombers (2012 - 2015) Nigeria

617 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Sunni Muslims (2005 - 2007) Nigeria Supply ship (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Supply tug boat (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Supporters of Muham- madu Buhari (2011 - 2011) Nigeria Supporters of murdered gubernatorial candidate (2006 - 2006) Nigeria Suspected burglars (2000 - 2001) Nigeria Suspected cattle rustlers (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Suspected militant (2011 - 2011) Nigeria Suspected militants (2011 - 2011) Nigeria Suspected ritual killers (2002 - 2002) Nigeria Suspected susicide bomber (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Syrian government (2005 - 2005) Nigeria Tanker drivers (1995 - 2010) Nigeria Tanker ship (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Tarok Ethnic Group (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Tarok farmers (2003 - 2003) Nigeria Tarok Farmers (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Tarok tribe (2004 - 2004) Nigeria Tarok tribesmen (2001 - 2001) Nigeria Tarok villagers (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Tarok youths (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Tashar Gandu motor park (2015 - 2015) Nigeria

618 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Tavern (2015 - 2015) Nige- ria Taxi drivers (2002 - 2002) Nigeria teachers’ residence, girls’ secondary school (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Teachers (1992 - 2013) Nigeria Telecommunication workers (2006 - 2006) Nigeria Television and radio workers (2009 - 2009) Nigeria Temporary workers (2003 - 2003) Nigeria Textile dyers (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Textile workers (2000 - 2000) Nigeria The Crew of the Antigua (2013 - 2013) Nigeria The Guardian (2000 - 2007) Nigeria The Islamic Movement of Nigeria (2000 - 2000) Nige- ria Thugs (2004 - 2004) Nige- ria Timber market (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Timothy Hunpoyanwha - community chief (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Tiv farmers (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Tiv tribe (1991 - 1992) Nigeria Tiv tribesmen (2001 - 2004) Nigeria Tiv villages (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Togo government (2005 - 2005) Nigeria Togolese (2005 - 2005) Nigeria Total (2005 - 2009) Nigeria

619 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Total oil workers (2009 - 2009) Nigeria Town (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Trade unions (2010 - 2010) Nigeria Traders (1999 - 2012) Nige- ria traditional monarch of Gwoza, Idriss Timta (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Traditional ruler (2000 - 2011) Nigeria Traditional ruler supporters (2005 - 2005) Nigeria Traditionalist religious practitioners (1996 - 1996) Nigeria Traﬃc circle (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Transocean, Inc. (2003 - 2003) Nigeria Travelers (2011 - 2011) Nigeria Truck drivers (2001 - 2008) Nigeria Truck owners (2001 - 2001) Nigeria Tsaragi community (2000 - 2000) Nigeria Turkish construction worker (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Two female suicide bombers (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Two villages (2012 - 2012) Nigeria U.S. Government (2003 - 2003) Nigeria U.S. government (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Ugborodo women (2010 - 2010) Nigeria Ugep tribesmen (1996 - 1996) Nigeria

620 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Uknown bomber (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Uknown gunmen (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Umar Quality (2011 - 2011) Nigeria Umuleri village (1999 - 1999) Nigeria Unemployed youth (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Unemployed youths (1997 - 1997) Nigeria Uneployed youth (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Unidentified gunmen (1994 - 2012) Nigeria Unidentified Islamists (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Unidentified miitants (2007 - 2007) Nigeria Union activists (2001 - 2001) Nigeria Unions (2012 - 2012) Nige- ria United Nations (2004 - 2004) Nigeria United States (2001 - 2003) Nigeria University (2000 - 2000) Nigeria University administration (2000 - 2007) Nigeria University employees (1991 - 1991) Nigeria University gang (2005 - 2009) Nigeria University lecturers (2002 - 2002) Nigeria University of Ibadan (2012 - 2012) Nigeria University of Ibadan students (2012 - 2012) Nigeria University of Lagos (2012 - 2012) Nigeria University of Lagos students (2012 - 2012) Nigeria

621 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other University of Maiduguri students (2012 - 2012) Nigeria University professors (1993 - 2009) Nigeria University staﬀ (1992 - 1992) Nigeria University students (1993 - 1998) Nigeria University Students (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Unknown (2013 - 2013) Nigeria unknown (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Unknown assailants (2011 - 2011) Nigeria Unknown assilants (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Unknown attacker (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Unknown attackers (2010 - 2015) Nigeria Unknown Attackers (2013 - 2013) Nigeria unknown attackers (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Unknown bomber (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Unknown bombers (2010 - 2015) Nigeria Unknown gunmen (2010 - 2015) Nigeria Unknown Gunmen (2013 - 2013) Nigeria unknown gunmen (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Unknown Islamic Militants (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Unknown militants (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Unknown target (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Unspeciﬁed (2012 - 2012) Nigeria

622 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Urhobo community (2001 - 2001) Nigeria Urhobo tribesmen (1998 - 2000) Nigeria Urhobo youths (2003 - 2003) Nigeria US missionary woman (2015 - 2015) Nigeria Vessel transporting workers for Italian ﬁrm Agip (2012 - 2012) Nigeria Vice president (2007 - 2007) Nigeria Vigilante checkpoint (2015 - 2015) Nigeria vigilantes (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Vigilantes in Kizara (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Vigilantes in Maiduguri (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Viking Fraternity (2004 - 2004) Nigeria Village elders (2007 - 2007) Nigeria Village inhabited mainly by Muslims (2012 - 2012) Nigeria village mosque (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Villager (2007 - 2007) Nige- ria Villagers (2002 - 2015) Nigeria villagers (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Villagers of Gajiganna (2013 - 2013) Nigeria villagers, Christians (2014 - 2014) Nigeria villagers, leadership (2014 - 2014) Nigeria villagers, soldiers (2014 - 2014) Nigeria villagers, vigilantes (2014 - 2014) Nigeria

623 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Villages (2015 - 2015) Nige- ria Voters (2015 - 2015) Nige- ria Wardens (2007 - 2010) Nigeria wedding (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Wedding Party (2013 - 2013) Nigeria White-collar oil workers union (2010 - 2010) Nigeria White-collar workers (2003 - 2003) Nigeria Widows (2000 - 2000) Nigeria Women’s rights grup (2007 - 2007) Nigeria Women (1994 - 2015) Nige- ria women (2014 - 2014) Nige- ria women and children (2014 - 2014) Nigeria women, children (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Workers (2004 - 2004) Nigeria Workers in petroleum industry (2012 - 2012) Nige- ria worshippers (2014 - 2014) Nigeria Wukari Christians (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Wukari Muslims (2013 - 2013) Nigeria Yandaba (2001 - 2001) Nigeria Yere community (2002 - 2002) Nigeria Yobe fans (2002 - 2002) Nigeria Yoruba Christians (1999 - 1999) Nigeria

624 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Yoruba militants (2000 - 2000) Nigeria Yoruba traders (1999 - 1999) Nigeria Yoruba tribe (1992 - 1992) Nigeria Yoruba youths (1998 - 1999) Nigeria Yorubas (2000 - 2000) Nigeria Youth (2015 - 2015) Nige- ria Youth Alliance for Good Governance (2006 - 2006) Nigeria Youths (1996 - 2011) Nige- ria

5.42 Nicaragua

Government Challenger Civilian Other Army forces (1993 - 2000) Andres Castro United Civilians (1993 - 2004) Agricultural oﬃcials (1993 Nicaragua Forces (2000 - 2000) Nicaragua - 1993) Nicaragua Nicaragua Army soldiers (1991 - 1993) Armed rebels (1996 - 1996) Sandinista civilians (2000 - Aid workers (1994 - 1994) Nicaragua Nicaragua 2000) Nicaragua Nicaragua Constitutionalist Liberal Contra chief Enrique Angry citizens (1993 - Party supporters (2008 - Bermudez (1991 - 1991) 1993) Nicaragua 2008) Nicaragua Nicaragua Daniel Ortega (2011 - Contras (1990 - 1990) Armed criminal group 2011) Nicaragua Nicaragua (2013 - 2013) Nicaragua Eugenio Hernandez, for- Eden Pastora (1998 - 1998) Armed men (1998 - 2004) mer mayor of El Ayote Nicaragua Nicaragua (2004 - 2004) Nicaragua Foreign ministry (1996 - Leftist Punitive Forces Armed mob (2006 - 2006) 1996) Nicaragua (1992 - 1992) Nicaragua Nicaragua Government (1990 - 2013) North Front 3-80 (1993 - Armed robbers (1996 - Nicaragua 1994) Nicaragua 1996) Nicaragua Government spokesman Rebels (1994 - 1994) Armed students (1996 - (2000 - 2000) Nicaragua Nicaragua 1996) Nicaragua Independent Liberal Party Revolutionary Armed Campesinos (1990 - 1990) supporters (2011 - 2011) Forces (1998 - 1998) Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Judge (2004 - 2004) Sandinista legislators (1993 Catholic church (1995 - Nicaragua - 1993) Nicaragua 1996) Nicaragua

625 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Liberal Constitutional- Sandinista National Liber- Catholic nuns (1990 - 1990) ist Party (2001 - 2001) ation Front (1997 - 1997) Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Municipal government Sandinista workers (1991 - Coﬀee farmers (1992 - (2000 - 2000) Nicaragua 1991) Nicaragua 1992) Nicaragua National Coordinator of Coﬀee growers (2001 - Transport (1999 - 1999) 2001) Nicaragua Nicaragua National police head- Criminal gangs (1995 - quarters (1995 - 1995) 1995) Nicaragua Nicaragua Parliament (1995 - 1995) Demobilized Contra rebels Nicaragua (1990 - 1990) Nicaragua Police (1990 - 2013) Demobilized Contras (1990 Nicaragua - 1991) Nicaragua Police station (1993 - 1993) Election monitor (1996 - Nicaragua 1996) Nicaragua President (2001 - 2001) Election workers (1996 - Nicaragua 1996) Nicaragua President Chamorro (1991 Ex-contra (2002 - 2002) - 1991) Nicaragua Nicaragua President Violeta Ex-contras (2000 - 2000) Chamorro (1993 - 1993) Nicaragua Nicaragua presidential candidate Ex-Sandinistas (1993 - Arnoldo Aleman (1996 - 1993) Nicaragua 1996) Nicaragua Pro-Sandinista students Farmers (1991 - 2006) (1999 - 1999) Nicaragua Nicaragua Sandinista controlled Former Contra rebels police (1990 - 1990) (1990 - 2003) Nicaragua Nicaragua Sandinista National Work- Former guerrillas (2002 - ers’ Front (1990 - 1990) 2002) Nicaragua Nicaragua Sandinista peasants (1990 - Former president Arnoldo 1990) Nicaragua Aleman (2002 - 2002) Nicaragua Sandinista police force Former rebels (1997 - 1997) (1990 - 1990) Nicaragua Nicaragua Sandinista supporters Former Sandinista leader (1990 - 2011) Nicaragua (2000 - 2000) Nicaragua Sandinistas (1991 - 2000) Gunmen (1991 - 1993) Nicaragua Nicaragua

626 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Vice president Virgilio Homeless persons (2008 - Godoy (1991 - 1993) 2008) Nicaragua Nicaragua Hotel workers (1991 - 1991) Nicaragua Hydoelectric dam (1991 - 1991) Nicaragua Intercontinental and Las Mercedes hotels (1991 - 1991) Nicaragua La Prensa reporter (2004 - 2004) Nicaragua Miners (2002 - 2002) Nicaragua Miskito indians (1992 - 1992) Nicaragua Miskito settlement (1994 - 1994) Nicaragua Municipal garbage collectors (2008 - 2008) Nicaragua National Transport Com- mittee (1993 - 1993) Nicaragua National Workers Front (1990 - 1990) Nicaragua Nicaraguan business federation (1992 - 1992) Nicaragua Non-Sandinista cane cutters (1991 - 1991) Nicaragua Opposition legislator (1999 - 1999) Nicaragua Opposition organized protest (2011 - 2011) Nicaragua Opposition supporters (2009 - 2011) Nicaragua Pensioners (2013 - 2013) Nicaragua Private ranch (1990 - 1990) Nicaragua Pro-Sandinista air traﬃc controllers (1990 - 1990) Nicaragua

627 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Pro-Sandinista demonstrators (2002 - 2002) Nicaragua Protesters (1992 - 2012) Nicaragua Public sector doctors (1998 - 2005) Nicaragua Public transport workers (1990 - 2001) Nicaragua Rearmed guerrillas (1997 - 1997) Nicaragua Recontra bandits (1992 - 1992) Nicaragua Recontras (1991 - 1996) Nicaragua Right wing legislators (2010 - 2010) Nicaragua Soldiers (1991 - 1991) Nicaragua Statue of a Spanish conqueror (1992 - 1992) Nicaragua Students (1995 - 2005) Nicaragua Sugar workers (1990 - 1990) Nicaragua Telecom workers (1990 - 1990) Nicaragua Transport workers (1992 - 1997) Nicaragua Triton Minera (2002 - 2002) Nicaragua Union of National Employ- ees (1990 - 1990) Nicaragua United National Op- position (1990 - 1990) Nicaragua University president (2003 - 2003) Nicaragua University students (1992 - 1992) Nicaragua Unknown (1996 - 2000) Nicaragua Unknown assassins (1991 - 1999) Nicaragua

628 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unknown attackers (1996 - 1996) Nicaragua Unknown bombers (1990 - 1996) Nicaragua Unknown gunmen (1990 - 2001) Nicaragua UNO legislater (1990 - 1990) Nicaragua UNO supporters (1990 - 1990) Nicaragua US ambassador (2009 - 2009) Nicaragua War victims (1990 - 1990) Nicaragua Yatama Indians (2000 - 2000) Nicaragua

5.43 Panama

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government (1992 - 2013) Col. Eduardo Herrera Civilians (1997 - 2003) Accused murderers (1997 - Panama (1990 - 1990) Panama Panama 1997) Panama Government and Justice M-20 (1990 - 1992) American Canal oﬃcial Ministry (1998 - 1998) Panama (1990 - 1990) Panama Panama Government run hospitals American missionaries (2002 - 2002) Panama (1993 - 1993) Panama Legislators (1990 - 1990) American soldiers (1990 - Panama 1990) Panama Panamanian government Anti-imperialist groups (1990 - 1991) Panama (1990 - 1990) Panama Police (2000 - 2000) Anti-privitization demon- Panama strators (1998 - 1998) Panama President Guillermo En- Armed men (2000 - 2000) dara (1990 - 1990) Panama Panama Prison (2001 - 2001) Association of the Rela- Panama tives of the Fallen (1993 - 1993) Panama State-owned water and Banana workers (1993 - electric company (1992 - 2010) Panama 1992) Panama State water and sewer sys- Bus owners (2001 - 2001) tem workers (1992 - 1992) Panama Panama

629 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Supreme Court (1990 - Canal Free Zone business 1990) Panama association (1996 - 1996) Panama United States (1990 - 2005) Canal Zone truckers (1991 Panama - 1991) Panama US Air Force (1992 - 1992) ChevronTexaco (2002 - Panama 2002) Panama US Army (1992 - 1992) Chiriqui Land Company Panama (1996 - 1998) Panama US Embassy (1990 - 1991) Coalition of 49 construc- Panama tion and banana workers’ unions (1995 - 1995) Panama US military (1992 - 1994) College students (2011 - Panama 2011) Panama Colombian paramilitaries (2003 - 2003) Panama Colombian prisoners (2004 - 2004) Panama Colombian rebels (1999 - 1999) Panama Commuter plane (1994 - 1994) Panama Construction industry (2002 - 2002) Panama Construction worker’s union (2002 - 2002) Panama Coordinator of Unions (1990 - 1990) Panama Cuban refugees (1994 - 1994) Panama Customs oﬃcial (2002 - 2002) Panama Doctors (1992 - 2002) Panama Drug traﬃckers (2002 - 2002) Panama Editora Panama America, S.A. (1992 - 1992) Panama Farmers (2013 - 2013) Panama Foreign prisoners (1998 - 1998) Panama Greenpeace (1998 - 1998) Panama

630 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Grupo Unidos por el Canal (2012 - 2012) Panama Gunmen (1992 - 1992) Panama High school students (2005 - 2005) Panama Independent Movement (1998 - 1998) Panama Indigenous people (Ngobe- Bugle ethnic group) (2011 - 2012) Panama Israel (2008 - 2008) Panama Journalists (2006 - 2006) Panama Laborers (1991 - 1991) Panama Manuel Noriega (1999 - 1999) Panama Movement of the Un- employed (1992 - 1992) Panama Movement of the Unem- ployed in Colon (1992 - 1992) Panama National Transportation Council (1993 - 1993) Panama Panama Canal workers (2012 - 2012) Panama Panamanian courts (2001 - 2001) Panama Petroleum workers (2002 - 2002) Panama Port workers (1992 - 1992) Panama Prison gangs (1996 - 2000) Panama Prison inmates (2001 - 2001) Panama Prisoners (1996 - 1996) Panama Protesters (1991 - 2013) Panama Public employees (1990 - 1990) Panama

631 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Public transport workers (1992 - 1992) Panama Puerto Armuellas Fruit Company (2001 - 2001) Panama Student groups (2005 - 2005) Panama Students (1990 - 2004) Panama The Paciﬁc Swan (1998 - 1998) Panama Tourists (1999 - 1999) Panama University of Panama students (1998 - 1998) Panama Unknown (1990 - 1990) Panama Unknown bombers (1992 - 1994) Panama Unknown gunmen (1990 - 1991) Panama Unknown kidnappers (1993 - 1993) Panama

5.44 Rwanda

Government Challenger Civilian Other central government (1991 - Democratic Forces for Citizens (1995 - 2012) aid workers (1994 - 1994) 1999) Rwanda the Liberation of Rwanda Rwanda Rwanda (2014 - 2014) Rwanda Coalition for the Defense of demonstrators (1994 - citizens (1996 - 1996) Attackers (2012 - 2012) the Republic (1992 - 1992) 1994) Rwanda Rwanda Rwanda Rwanda Democratic Republican FDLR Rebels (1997 - 2009) civilians (1992 - 2008) BBC (2014 - 2014) Rwanda Movement members (1992 Rwanda Rwanda - 1994) Rwanda FPR Rebels (1990 - 1990) protesters (2015 - 2015) Civilians (1995 - 2011) Bombers (2012 - 2012) Rwanda Rwanda Rwanda Rwanda FRP (1993 - 1993) Rwanda rebel supporters (1994 - Rwandan civilians (1993 - British embassy (2015 - 1994) Rwanda 1993) Rwanda 2015) Rwanda Government (1990 - 2010) Burundi soldiers (1993 - Rwanda 1993) Rwanda Hutu militia (1995 - 1996) bus stop (2014 - 2014) Rwanda Rwanda

632 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Hutus (1992 - 1993) Democratic Republic of Rwanda Congo Troops (2013 - 2013) Rwanda Interahamwe (1994 - 2004) Demorcratic Republic of Rwanda Congo Army (2012 - 2012) Rwanda Kagame supporters (2003 - English-speaking students 2003) Rwanda (1999 - 1999) Rwanda Martin Bucyana, leader of former government militia Coalition for the Defense of (1994 - 1994) Rwanda the Republic (1994 - 1994) Rwanda opposition parties (1991 - former rebel soldiers (1994 1992) Rwanda - 1994) Rwanda Opposition parties (2010 - Former Rwanda Patriotic 2010) Rwanda Army oﬃcers (1995 - 1995) Rwanda police (1992 - 1992) Former Rwandan Armed Rwanda Forces members (1996 - 1996) Rwanda President-elect, Paul Former Rwandan soldiers Kagame (2003 - 2003) (1995 - 1995) Rwanda Rwanda presidential guard (1994 - Former soldiers (1996 - 1994) Rwanda 1996) Rwanda Prison (1996 - 1996) France (1995 - 2006) Rwanda Rwanda Prison guards (1996 - 1996) French (1994 - 1994) Rwanda Rwanda RPA (1995 - 1995) Rwanda genocide survivors (1997 - 2002) Rwanda RPA soldiers (1996 - 1996) Germany (2008 - 2008) Rwanda Rwanda RPF (1994 - 1995) Rwanda guards (2014 - 2014) Rwanda ruling party (1992 - 1992) Health clinic (1996 - 1996) Rwanda Rwanda ruling party supporters hospital (1997 - 1997) (1992 - 1993) Rwanda Rwanda Rwanda Patriotic Army Hutu exiles (1996 - 1996) (1995 - 1997) Rwanda Rwanda Rwanda Patriotic Army Hutu extremists (1996 - oﬃcers (1995 - 1995) 1996) Rwanda Rwanda Rwanda Patriotic Front Hutu militants (1997 - (1994 - 1994) Rwanda 1997) Rwanda

633 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Rwandan Government Hutu refugees (1994 - 1995) (2013 - 2013) Rwanda Rwanda Rwandan governor (1995 - international community 1995) Rwanda (1995 - 1995) Rwanda Rwandan soldiers (1996 - International Criminal Tri- 1996) Rwanda bunal of Rwanda (2013 - 2013) Rwanda Social Democratic Party International tribunal members (1994 - 1994) court chief prosecutor, Rwanda Louise Arbour (1997 - 1997) Rwanda Jails (1996 - 1996) Rwanda Jean-Paul Dukuzumure- myi (2014 - 2014) Rwanda Journalist (2010 - 2010) Rwanda Kigali Market (2013 - 2013) Rwanda Opposition leader (2010 - 2010) Rwanda opposition members (1992 - 1992) Rwanda Opposition oﬃcials (2010 - 2010) Rwanda opposition supporters (1994 - 1994) Rwanda Red Cross (1993 - 1997) Rwanda refugees (1993 - 1995) Rwanda Refugees (1994 - 1994) Rwanda released prisoners (1997 - 1997) Rwanda returning Hutu refugees (1995 - 1995) Rwanda Rwandan protesters (2013 - 2013) Rwanda Rwandan villagers (2004 - 2004) Rwanda shopkeepers (1996 - 1996) Rwanda soldiers (1992 - 1992) Rwanda students (1997 - 1997) Rwanda

634 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other taxi drivers (1992 - 1992) Rwanda Tutsi (1992 - 1993) Rwanda Tutsi soldiers (1995 - 1995) Rwanda UN Assistance Mission to Rwanda (1995 - 1995) Rwanda United Nations (1995 - 2002) Rwanda university students (2014 - 2014) Rwanda unknown (1993 - 1997) Rwanda Unknown (2011 - 2013) Rwanda Unknown attackers (2010 - 2010) Rwanda Unknown bombers (2010 - 2013) Rwanda village residents (1995 - 1995) Rwanda War crimes investigators (1996 - 1996) Rwanda women (1996 - 1996) Rwanda Zairean soldiers (1996 - 1996) Rwanda

5.45 Sudan

Government Challenger Civilian Other Abdelrahman Mohammed Ali Karbino militia (2014 - Citizens (2012 - 2012) Su- A grouping of unions, Eissa - head of Al-Waha 2014) Sudan dan professional organizations, district (2012 - 2012) Su- and student groups (2002 - dan 2002) Sudan Abdullah Yasin (district Ansar al-Tawhid (2008 - civilian convoy (2014 - African peacekeepers (2006 chief) (2014 - 2014) Sudan 2008) Sudan 2014) Sudan - 2006) Sudan Arab dominated govern- Anti-government students Civilians (2000 - 2011) Su- African Protesters (2008 - ment (2008 - 2008) Sudan (2002 - 2002) Sudan dan 2008) Sudan Baath Party (2011 - 2011) Anti-Regime activists civilians (2014 - 2014) Su- African tribesmen (1999 - Sudan (2013 - 2013) Sudan dan 1999) Sudan

635 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Central government (2008 - Darfur Rebels (2003 - civilians, villages (2014 - African Union-UN peace- 2008) Sudan 2003) Sudan 2014) Sudan keeping mission (UN- AMID) policemen (2012 - 2012) Sudan Communist party members Darfur rebels (Justice and Men in civilian clothes African Union (2004 - (2014 - 2014) Sudan Equality Movement) (2008 (2012 - 2012) Sudan 2006) Sudan - 2008) Sudan Democratic Unionist Party Democratic Forces Front Sudanese citizens (2002 - African Union interpreters (1999 - 2000) Sudan (1999 - 1999) Sudan 2008) Sudan (2007 - 2007) Sudan District head of the Justice Government sanctioned African Union peacekeep- Party (2012 - 2012) Sudan protesters (1995 - 2008) ers (2005 - 2007) Sudan Sudan Government (1983 - 2014) Justice and Equality Move- African Union Troops Sudan ment (2013 - 2013) Sudan (2013 - 2013) Sudan government (2014 - 2015) Local anti-SPLA militia Ahlia University (2005 - Sudan (2009 - 2009) Sudan 2005) Sudan government bases (2014 - Lord’s Resistance Army Aid workers (2005 - 2010) 2014) Sudan (2002 - 2008) Sudan Sudan Government organized Militia leader Gabriel Tang Ajras al-Hurria newspaper protest (2004 - 2008) (2011 - 2011) Sudan (2008 - 2008) Sudan Sudan government troops (2014 - Militia leader Peter Gadet Al-Jarida - daily newspa- 2015) Sudan (2011 - 2011) Sudan per (2012 - 2012) Sudan government troops (Rapid Militia leader Philip Bepan Al-Jazeera staff, journal- Support-2) (2014 - 2014) (2011 - 2011) Sudan ists (2014 - 2014) Sudan Sudan Government workers (1999 militia loyal to governor of al-Nowair tribe (2002 - - 1999) Sudan North Darfur (2014 - 2014) 2002) Sudan Sudan Ibrahim Balandiya - militia loyal to Musa Hilal Al-Qaeda in Sudan (2006 - speaker of legislature (2012 (2014 - 2014) Sudan 2006) Sudan - 2012) Sudan Intelligence officers (2012 - Militia of Galwak Gai Al Takfir wa al-Hijra (1997 2012) Sudan (2010 - 2010) Sudan - 1997) Sudan Islamic Liberation Party Militia of George Athor Amarar tribe (2003 - 2003) (2011 - 2011) Sudan Deng (2010 - 2010) Sudan Sudan Local government (1994 - militias (2014 - 2014) Su- America (2014 - 2014) Su- 1994) Sudan dan dan Military (1998 - 2000) Su- Mohammed Bashar (2013 - Angelina Teny’s supporters dan 2013) Sudan (2010 - 2010) Sudan National Congress (2002 - National Democratic Al- Anglican worshippers 2002) Sudan liance (1999 - 1999) Sudan (2006 - 2006) Sudan National Congress Party Popular Front to Support Ansar al-Sunna (1997 - (2006 - 2010) Sudan African Muslims (2014 - 2000) Sudan 2014) Sudan

636 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other National Congress stu- Protesters (1990 - 2011) Arab militia (2014 - 2014) dents (2007 - 2007) Sudan Sudan Sudan North Darfur governor, Os- protesters (2015 - 2015) Su- Arab Misseriya tribe mem- man Kbir (2014 - 2014) Su- dan bers (2012 - 2012) Sudan dan Police (1998 - 2015) Sudan Rebel leader Gatluak Gai Arab nomads (2006 - 2012) (2011 - 2011) Sudan Sudan Police forces (2006 - 2006) Rebels (1997 - 2015) Sudan Arab tribesmen (1999 - Sudan 1999) Sudan Police officers (2006 - 2006) rebels (2014 - 2014) Sudan Arabs (1998 - 1998) Sudan Sudan Police recruits (2002 - Revolutionary Front (2013 Arabs (no tribe specified) 2002) Sudan - 2013) Sudan (2013 - 2013) Sudan policeman (2014 - 2014) Southern Sudan Indepen- armed group (2014 - 2014) Sudan dence Movement (1995 - Sudan 1995) Sudan Popular Congress members SPLA-United faction (1993 Armed groups from South (2005 - 2005) Sudan - 1993) Sudan Sudan (2012 - 2012) Sudan Popular Congress officials SPLA (1997 - 2011) Sudan Armed men (2005 - 2012) (2004 - 2004) Sudan Sudan Popular Congress officials, SPLA Bahrel Ghazal (1997 armed men (2014 - 2014) members, and sympathiz- - 1997) Sudan Sudan ers (2004 - 2004) Sudan Popular Defence Forces SPLA militants (1993 - Armed tribesmen (2003 - (2011 - 2011) Sudan 1995) Sudan 2003) Sudan Popular Defense Forces SPLM-DC (2010 - 2010) Aslyum Seekers (2015 - (1996 - 2010) Sudan Sudan 2015) Sudan Popular National Congress SPLM students (2007 - Atuat clan (2010 - 2010) (2000 - 2000) Sudan 2007) Sudan Sudan President Omar al-Bashir Student supporters of the AU Peacekeeper (2013 - (2012 - 2014) Sudan African National Front 2013) Sudan (2003 - 2003) Sudan pro-government militia Sudan Liberation Move- Bakers (1996 - 1996) Sudan (2014 - 2014) Sudan ment (2014 - 2014) Sudan Pro-government students Sudan People’s Liberation Bandits (2005 - 2007) Su- (2002 - 2002) Sudan Army (2006 - 2009) Sudan dan Rapid Support Forces Sudan People’s Liberation Bani Amir tribe (2003 - (2014 - 2014) Sudan Army (South Sudan) (2008 2003) Sudan - 2008) Sudan Regional government (1999 Sudan People’s Liberation Bank employees (1999 - - 2006) Sudan Army/ Movement (2010 - 2000) Sudan 2010) Sudan Sudan Armed Forces (2010 Sudan People’s Liberation Beja tribesmen (2005 - - 2010) Sudan Movement (2007 - 2008) 2005) Sudan Sudan

637 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Sudanese air force (2014 - Sudan Peoples Liberation Beli (2011 - 2011) Sudan 2014) Sudan Army/ Movement (2010 - 2010) Sudan Sudanese Armed Forces Sudan Revolutionary Front Beni Halba Tribe (2013 - (2014 - 2014) Sudan (2013 - 2013) Sudan 2013) Sudan Sudanese army (2002 - Sudanese rebels (1997 - Beni Hussein Tribe (2013 - 2002) Sudan 1997) Sudan 2013) Sudan Sudanese Army (2013 - Unknown rebels (2013 - British teacher Gillian Gib- 2014) Sudan 2013) Sudan bons (2007 - 2007) Sudan Sudanese Government CAR citizen (2014 - 2014) (2013 - 2013) Sudan Sudan Sudanese government Catholic church (2012 - (2014 - 2014) Sudan 2012) Sudan Sudanese military (2012 - Cattle raiders (2010 - 2010) 2014) Sudan Sudan Sudanese Police (2013 - Chief editor Osman 2013) Sudan Mirghani (2014 - 2014) Sudan Umma Party (2006 - 2006) Chinese Workers (2013 - Sudan 2013) Sudan Christians (2001 - 2001) Sudan Ciek clan (2010 - 2010) Su- dan Civilian protesters (2010 - 2010) Sudan Clan militia (2015 - 2015) Sudan Clan Militia (2015 - 2015) Sudan Dansk Flytningehjaelp (Danish Refugee Council) (2006 - 2006) Sudan Darfur Regional Authority (2014 - 2014) Sudan Darfur Regional Authority (DRA) - agency overseeing peace deal in Darfur (2012 - 2012) Sudan Darfur Students Associa- tion of Gezira University (2012 - 2012) Sudan Darruk tribe (2007 - 2007) Sudan Democracy protesters (2013 - 2013) Sudan

638 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Democrat students (1997 - 1997) Sudan Democratic protesters (2013 - 2013) Sudan Denmark (2006 - 2008) Su- dan Dinka (2010 - 2011) Sudan Dinka Atuot (2011 - 2011) Sudan Dinka tribe (2005 - 2009) Sudan displaced people (2014 - 2014) Sudan displaced persons (2014 - 2014) Sudan Doctors (1998 - 2011) Su- dan Doctors without Borders (2007 - 2009) Sudan Egypt (1995 - 1995) Sudan Egyptian government (2014 - 2014) Sudan Egyptian Military (2013 - 2013) Sudan Egyptian soldiers (1995 - 1995) Sudan elections (2015 - 2015) Su- dan Ethiopian government (2001 - 2001) Sudan Ethiopian peacekeepers (2014 - 2014) Sudan Ethiopian refugees (2000 - 2000) Sudan Ethiopian soldiers (1997 - 1997) Sudan Ethiopian UNAMID peac- keepers (2012 - 2012) Su- dan Ethiopian United Nations- African Union (UNAMID) peacekeeper (2012 - 2012) Sudan Ethiopian university students (2001 - 2001) Sudan

639 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Ethnic southerners (2010 - 2010) Sudan Ethnic Tunjur farmers (2012 - 2012) Sudan Faisal Islamic Bank (2000 - 2000) Sudan Falatta tribe (2008 - 2008) Sudan Farmers (2006 - 2011) Su- dan Fast International Co. (1999 - 1999) Sudan Former rebel (2006 - 2006) Sudan France (2014 - 2014) Sudan funeral attendees (2014 - 2014) Sudan Fur Tribe (non-Arab) (2013 - 2013) Sudan Gang of gunmen (2012 - 2012) Sudan German Embasy (2012 - 2012) Sudan Gezira University (2003 - 2005) Sudan Gezira University Admin- istration, Student Union (2012 - 2012) Sudan Gezira University students (2012 - 2012) Sudan Gezira University students (in support of) (2012 - 2012) Sudan Gimir Tribe (2013 - 2013) Sudan Gimmir tribe (2007 - 2007) Sudan GOAL employees (2014 - 2014) Sudan Gok Dinka (2010 - 2010) Sudan Goldminers (2013 - 2013) Sudan Gunmen (2005 - 2015) Su- dan

640 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other gunmen (2014 - 2014) Su- dan Habaniya tribe (2008 - 2008) Sudan Hamar Tribe (2013 - 2013) Sudan Hamar tribe (2014 - 2014) Sudan Hausa tribe (2008 - 2008) Sudan Health Workers (2013 - 2013) Sudan Healthcare workers (2013 - 2013) Sudan High school students (2000 - 2003) Sudan High school teachers (2003 - 2003) Sudan Indian oil workers (2008 - 2008) Sudan International Criminal Court (2008 - 2009) Sudan International Red Cross (2009 - 2009) Sudan Iraq (1991 - 1991) Sudan Islamic demonstrators (2014 - 2014) Sudan Islamic groups (2005 - 2005) Sudan Islamist gunmen (2008 - 2008) Sudan Islamist students (1997 - 1997) Sudan Islamist youths (2002 - 2002) Sudan Islamists (2002 - 2002) Su- dan Israel (2002 - 2010) Sudan Izzat Salam Al-Sudan (Dignity of Peace in Sudan) (2004 - 2004) Sudan Jailed Islamists (2009 - 2009) Sudan

641 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Jamal Al Fadil Farag Allah - UN driver & Sudanese national (2012 - 2012) Sudan Jamala tribe (2007 - 2007) Sudan John Garang supporters (2005 - 2005) Sudan Joint Integrated Unit (2011 - 2011) Sudan Jordanian UN peacekeepers (2012 - 2012) Sudan Journalist (2006 - 2006) Sudan Journalists (2006 - 2012) Sudan Jur (2011 - 2011) Sudan Khartoum Residents (2013 - 2013) Sudan Khor Abeche displacement camp (2014 - 2014) Sudan Kidnappers (2012 - 2012) Sudan Lawyers (2008 - 2008) Su- dan Local Bandits (2013 - 2013) Sudan Local militia (2012 - 2012) Sudan Lou Nuer ethnic gropu (2009 - 2009) Sudan Lou Nuer ethnic group (2009 - 2009) Sudan Maaliya tribe (2002 - 2015) Sudan Marching Mourners (2013 - 2013) Sudan Mellit town (2014 - 2014) Sudan Members of Abdelrahman Mohammed Eissa’s Jalul tribe - district chief who was killed (2012 - 2012) Su- dan Members of Zaghawa - tribe in Darfur (2012 - 2012) Sudan

642 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Mesaleit tribe (1998 - 1998) Sudan Messeriya (2011 - 2011) Su- dan Messeriya Arabs (2010 - 2010) Sudan Middle East peace conference (1991 - 1991) Sudan militia (2014 - 2014) Sudan Mirghani attackers (2014 - 2014) Sudan Misseriya (2013 - 2013) Su- dan Misseriya tribe (2007 - 2008) Sudan Misseriya Tribe (2013 - 2013) Sudan Misseriya tribe subgroup (2014 - 2014) Sudan Mother of Mercy Catholic Hospital (2014 - 2014) Su- dan Mundari tribe (2009 - 2009) Sudan Murle cattle keepers (2011 - 2011) Sudan Murle tribe (2007 - 2009) Sudan Muslim mob (2012 - 2012) Sudan Muslim protesters (2013 - 2013) Sudan Ngok Dinka (2011 - 2011) Sudan Ngok Dinka tribe members (2012 - 2012) Sudan Nigerian Peacekeeper Sergeant Awesu Soleiman (2014 - 2014) Sudan Nigerian United Nations- African Union (UNAMID) peacekeeping patrol (2012 - 2012) Sudan Nile Valley University (2001 - 2001) Sudan

643 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Northern aligned militia (2010 - 2010) Sudan Nuer (2010 - 2010) Sudan Nuer cattle raiders (2011 - 2011) Sudan oilﬁeld workers (2014 - 2014) Sudan Omdurman University students (2012 - 2012) Sudan Opposition supporters (1999 - 1999) Sudan Patrick Noonan - British aid worker for UN World Food Programme (2012 - 2012) Sudan peacekeepers (2014 - 2015) Sudan Perpetrators of militia attack (2012 - 2012) Sudan Physically disabled civilians (2004 - 2004) Sudan Political factions (1999 - 1999) Sudan Popular Organization for the Defense of Muslims in Bosnia (1995 - 1995) Sudan Popular Organization for the Defense of the Faith (2007 - 2007) Sudan Popular Organization for the Defense of the Faith and the Nation (1993 - 1993) Sudan Popular Organization for the Defense of the Home- land and the Faith (2006 - 2006) Sudan Prisoners (1996 - 2002) Su- dan Public transportation workers (2012 - 2012) Sudan Pyramid scheme (2010 - 2010) Sudan Railway workers (1995 - 1995) Sudan

644 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Rebel leader David Yauyau (2011 - 2011) Sudan Refugees (1992 - 2012) Su- dan Registered political parties (2002 - 2002) Sudan Rek Dinka (2010 - 2010) Sudan religious freedom demonstrators (2014 - 2014) Su- dan Rezeigat - Arab tribesmen (2012 - 2012) Sudan Rezeigat Tribe (2013 - 2013) Sudan Rezeigat tribe (2014 - 2015) Sudan Rice farm operated by U.A.E. investors (2012 - 2012) Sudan Rizeigat Arab tribe (2010 - 2010) Sudan Rizigat tribesmen (1996 - 2003) Sudan Roman Catholic Church (2006 - 2006) Sudan Russian contracters (1999 - 1999) Sudan Russian diplomat (2014 - 2014) Sudan Rzigat Aballa tribe (2007 - 2007) Sudan Saddam Hussein (2007 - 2007) Sudan Sadiq al-Mahdi supporters (2014 - 2014) Sudan Salah Kaﬁ Quwa (2014 - 2014) Sudan Salamat tribe (2008 - 2008) Sudan Salamat Tribe (2013 - 2013) Sudan Samien Villagers (2013 - 2013) Sudan Serbs (1995 - 1995) Sudan

645 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Shaﬁa Abdullah (2014 - 2014) Sudan Sharia court (2014 - 2014) Sudan Shilluk tribe (2009 - 2009) Sudan Soldiers (1996 - 2012) Su- dan soldiers (2014 - 2014) Su- dan Somaya Ibrahim Ismail Hundosa - journalist (2012 - 2012) Sudan South Sudan Defense Forces (2006 - 2006) Sudan South Sudan government (2009 - 2009) Sudan South Sudan minister for rural development (2011 - 2011) Sudan South Sudanese armed gangs (2012 - 2012) Sudan South Sudanese nationals (2012 - 2012) Sudan South Sudanese students (2000 - 2000) Sudan Southern government (2011 - 2011) Sudan Southern Sudanese (2011 - 2011) Sudan Southern Sudanese Rebels (1983 - 1983) Sudan SSDM (2011 - 2011) Sudan Staﬀ of Communist Party newspaper Al Midan (2012 - 2012) Sudan Street traders (1998 - 1998) Sudan Student conscripts (1998 - 1998) Sudan Student factions (1996 - 1997) Sudan Students (1991 - 2014) Su- dan students (2014 - 2014) Su- dan

646 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Sudan’s People’s Libera- tion Movement -N (2013 - 2013) Sudan Sudan Liberation Army (2013 - 2014) Sudan Sudan People’s Liberation Army-North (2013 - 2014) Sudan Sudan People’s Liberation Army - N (2014 - 2014) Su- dan Sudan People’s Liberation Movement - N (2014 - 2014) Sudan Sudan People’s Liberation Movement -N (2014 - 2014) Sudan Sudan Presbyterian Evan- gelical Church (2012 - 2012) Sudan Sudan University (2003 - 2003) Sudan Sudanese Commercial Bank (1999 - 1999) Sudan Sudanese displaced persons (1997 - 1997) Sudan Sudanese journalists (2014 - 2014) Sudan Sudanese Popular Organi- zation for Solidarity with the Afghan People (2001 - 2001) Sudan Sudanese press council (2012 - 2012) Sudan Sudanese Red Crescent staﬀ (2015 - 2015) Sudan Sudanese refugee camp (2005 - 2005) Sudan Sudanese soldiers (1995 - 1995) Sudan Supreme Council of the Nuba People (1993 - 1993) Sudan Taisha Tribe (2013 - 2013) Sudan

647 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Takﬁr wal-Hijra gunman (2000 - 2000) Sudan Taposa gunmen (1992 - 1992) Sudan Teachers (1998 - 2000) Su- dan Television station employees and management (2007 - 2007) Sudan Terjam tribe (2007 - 2007) Sudan Top oﬃcial of Kutum town (2012 - 2012) Sudan Toposa tribesmen (2007 - 2011) Sudan Torjam tribe (2007 - 2007) Sudan Tribe (2012 - 2012) Sudan Turkana tribesmen (2011 - 2011) Sudan U.N. High Commission for Refugees/Sudan’s Commissioner of Refugees (2012 - 2012) Sudan U.S. Embassy (2012 - 2012) Sudan Ugandan LRA rebels (1997 - 1997) Sudan Ugandan rebels (1997 - 1997) Sudan Ulony militia (2011 - 2011) Sudan UN-African Union (UN- AMID) camp (2012 - 2012) Sudan UN-African Union (UN- AMID) peacekeepers (2012 - 2012) Sudan UN-African Union (UN- AMID) peacekeeping patrol (2012 - 2012) Sudan UN-African Union (UN- AMID) peacekeeping patrol unit (2012 - 2012) Su- dan UN (2010 - 2010) Sudan

648 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other UN deminers (2005 - 2005) Sudan UN peacekeepers (2008 - 2015) Sudan UN Peacekeepers (2013 - 2013) Sudan UNAMID Indian contractor (2014 - 2014) Sudan UNAMID peacekeepers (2014 - 2014) Sudan Unidentiﬁed armed groups (2012 - 2012) Sudan unidentiﬁed gunmen (2014 - 2014) Sudan United Nations-African Union (UNAMID) convoy (2012 - 2012) Sudan United Nations (1996 - 2006) Sudan United Nations peacekeepers (2012 - 2012) Sudan United States (1990 - 2007) Sudan Unity state government (2010 - 2010) Sudan University of Juba (2003 - 2003) Sudan University of Khartoum (2011 - 2011) Sudan University of Khartoum students (2012 - 2012) Su- dan University student groups (2008 - 2008) Sudan University students (2001 - 2015) Sudan unknown (2014 - 2014) Su- dan Unknown (2015 - 2015) Su- dan Unknown armed men (2013 - 2013) Sudan Unknown assailants (2012 - 2012) Sudan Unknown attackers (2012 - 2013) Sudan

649 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unknown gunmen (1999 - 2013) Sudan Unknown Gunmen (2013 - 2013) Sudan Unspecified cattle raiders (2011 - 2011) Sudan Unspecified tribe (2009 - 2009) Sudan US diplomat (2008 - 2008) Sudan Vagrants (1997 - 2004) Su- dan Villagers (2011 - 2011) Su- dan villages (2014 - 2014) Su- dan voting areas (2015 - 2015) Sudan Women (1993 - 2011) Su- dan Women and Children (2013 - 2013) Sudan women and girls (2014 - 2014) Sudan World Food Program (2005 - 2008) Sudan World Food Programme (2012 - 2012) Sudan Youth of the Faith (1996 - 1996) Sudan Youth organizations (2006 - 2006) Sudan Youth Union (2007 - 2007) Sudan Youths (2011 - 2012) Su- dan Zagawah tribesmen (1996 - 1996) Sudan Zambian International Or- ganization for Migration Staffer (2014 - 2014) Sudan Zande tribe (2005 - 2005) Sudan

650 Actor Dictionaries xSub 5.46 Senegal

Government Challenger Civilian Other Alliance for the Republic Anti-government demon- Citizen (2012 - 2012) Sene- African countries (2003 - (2011 - 2011) Senegal strators (2012 - 2012) gal 2003) Senegal Senegal Democratic Party support- Breakaway MFDC faction Citizens (1993 - 2012) Air Afrique (2001 - 2001) ers (2000 - 2000) Senegal (2004 - 2007) Senegal Senegal Senegal Government (1990 - 2012) Casamance Rebels (1990 - Civilian (2011 - 2011) Air Afrique employees Senegal 2003) Senegal Senegal (2001 - 2001) Senegal government (2014 - 2014) Civilian protesters (2010 - Civilians (2008 - 2011) Air Senegal employees Senegal 2010) Senegal Senegal (2007 - 2007) Senegal Member of Parliament Idrissa Seck (2005 - 2005) Senegalese citizens (2003 - Air traﬃc controllers (1997 (1991 - 1991) Senegal Senegal 2003) Senegal - 1997) Senegal Military (2009 - 2009) Karim Wade supporters Anti-Corruption protesters Senegal (2014 - 2014) Senegal (2013 - 2013) Senegal Opposition parties (2010 - MFDC rebels (2002 - 2002) Association of Women of 2010) Senegal Senegal West Africa (2010 - 2010) Senegal Police - Criminal Investiga- Movement of Democratic Attackers (2012 - 2012) tion Division (2012 - 2012) Forces of Casamance (1991 Senegal Senegal - 2013) Senegal Police (2007 - 2012) Sene- Protesters (2011 - 2011) Casamance Movement of gal Senegal Democratic Forces (2009 - 2010) Senegal President Abdoulaye Wade protesters (2014 - 2014) Casamance villagers (2000 (2012 - 2012) Senegal Senegal - 2000) Senegal Pro-government protesters Rebel faction (2007 - 2007) Charlie Hedbo magazine (2011 - 2011) Senegal Senegal (2015 - 2015) Senegal Ruling party supporters Rebel soldiers (1999 - 2002) Chinese construction com- (2000 - 2011) Senegal Senegal pany (2009 - 2009) Senegal Senegalese army (2011 - Rebels (1999 - 2011) Sene- Chinese traders (2009 - 2011) Senegal gal 2009) Senegal Senegalese Government Y’en a marre (Fed up) Christians (2009 - 2009) (2013 - 2013) Senegal movement led by rapper Senegal (2012 - 2012) Senegal Senegalese soldiers (2002 - Y’en a marre (Fed up) court (2014 - 2014) Senegal 2002) Senegal movement led by rappers including Simon and Kil- ifeu (2012 - 2012) Senegal Sengalese army (2011 - Disabled ex-soldiers (2007 - 2011) Senegal 2007) Senegal Socialist Party supporters Disciples of Muslim leader (2011 - 2011) Senegal Chiekh Bethio Tioune (2012 - 2012) Senegal Solidarity Minister (2005 - Ebola patient (2014 - 2014) 2005) Senegal Senegal

651 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Electricity workers (1998 - 1998) Senegal Fed Up (2011 - 2011) Sene- gal Fuel industry workers (2012 - 2012) Senegal Gabonese government (2002 - 2002) Senegal Gabonese students (2002 - 2002) Senegal Gambian citizens (2003 - 2003) Senegal Gambian Embassy (2012 - 2012) Senegal Gambian government (2005 - 2005) Senegal gay men (2014 - 2014) Senegal Global Voice Group (2010 - 2010) Senegal Groups of men (2008 - 2008) Senegal Guinea (1993 - 1993) Sene- gal Guinean citizens (1993 - 1993) Senegal Ibadou Rahmane (1999 - 1999) Senegal Immigrants (1997 - 1997) Senegal International Association of Peacekeepers (2011 - 2011) Senegal Islamic protesters (2009 - 2009) Senegal Israel (2006 - 2010) Senegal Ivory Coast soccer players and fans (2012 - 2012) Senegal Journalists (2004 - 2004) Senegal Lebanese immigrants (2006 - 2006) Senegal Management company (2002 - 2002) Senegal

652 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Mauritanian refugees (2012 - 2012) Senegal Media workers (2004 - 2004) Senegal Mob (2014 - 2014) Senegal Mouride Muslims (1999 - 1999) Senegal Moustarchidines (1994 - 1994) Senegal Municipal prison (2012 - 2012) Senegal National Federation of Bakers of Senegal (2010 - 2010) Senegal National Union of Post and Telecommunications (2010 - 2010) Senegal Newspaper oﬃces (2008 - 2008) Senegal Nigerians and Nigerian embassy (2000 - 2000) Senegal Oil workers (2002 - 2002) Senegal Opposition leaders (2012 - 2012) Senegal Opposition organized protest (2011 - 2011) Senegal Opposition organized protesters (2010 - 2010) Senegal Opposition supporters (2000 - 2012) Senegal Pakistani-Saudi businessman Ahmed (2004 - 2004) Senegal Professors (2012 - 2012) Senegal Public health workers (2005 - 2005) Senegal Public transport workers (2012 - 2012) Senegal Relatives of ferry victims (2002 - 2002) Senegal Rival faction (2007 - 2007) Senegal

653 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Sambou Biagui (organizer) (2015 - 2015) Senegal Senegal soccer fans (2012 - 2012) Senegal Senegalese Muslims (2001 - 2003) Senegal Senegalese truckers (2005 - 2005) Senegal Senegalese women (2001 - 2001) Senegal Soccer fans (2010 - 2011) Senegal Soldiers (2004 - 2009) Sene- gal State media (2008 - 2008) Senegal Street vendors (2007 - 2007) Senegal Students (2001 - 2012) Senegal students (2014 - 2014) Senegal Students at Ziguinchor University (2012 - 2012) Senegal Teachers (2008 - 2008) Senegal Transport unions (2007 - 2007) Senegal Transportation workers (2002 - 2005) Senegal Travelers (2000 - 2000) Senegal Truck carrying polling material (2012 - 2012) Senegal U.S. government (2001 - 2003) Senegal United Nations refugee agency (2012 - 2012) Senegal University authorities (2010 - 2010) Senegal University of Cheikh Anta Diop (2013 - 2013) Senegal University of Dakar students (2012 - 2012) Senegal

654 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other University professors (2012 - 2012) Senegal University students (2010 - 2010) Senegal University Students (2013 - 2013) Senegal Villagers (2002 - 2011) Senegal Women (2012 - 2012) Sene- gal young men (2014 - 2014) Senegal Youths (2012 - 2012) Sene- gal Senegalese peacekeepers (2001 - 2001) Senegal

5.47 Sierra Leone

Government Challenger Civilian Other All People’s Congress Artists for Peace (2007 - Citizens (2001 - 2003) African Minerals - iron-ore (2009 - 2009) Sierra Leone 2007) Sierra Leone Sierra Leone mining company (2012 - 2012) Sierra Leone All People’s Congress sup- Diallo supporters (2010 - civilians (1994 - 2014) ambulance (2014 - 2014) porters (2007 - 2011) Sierra 2010) Sierra Leone Sierra Leone Sierra Leone Leone All Peoplle’s Congress Krahn faction of United Civilians (2009 - 2009) Birtain’s High Commis- (2002 - 2002) Sierra Leone Liberation Movement Sierra Leone sioner (1998 - 1998) Sierra (1994 - 1994) Sierra Leone Leone army (1996 - 1996) Sierra Mandingo faction of burial teams (2014 - 2014) Leone United Liberation Move- Sierra Leone ment (1994 - 1994) Sierra Leone central government (1990 - rebels (1994 - 2000) Sierra burial workers (2014 - 2008) Sierra Leone Leone 2014) Sierra Leone civil servants (1997 - 1997) RUF (1991 - 1991) Sierra comedian fans (2003 - Sierra Leone Leone 2003) Sierra Leone Conde supporters (2010 - commercial drivers (1996 - 2010) Sierra Leone 1996) Sierra Leone Ernest Bai Koroma (2002 - currency exchangers (2002 2002) Sierra Leone - 2002) Sierra Leone Government (1991 - 2010) demobilized soldiers (1999 Sierra Leone - 1999) Sierra Leone government (2014 - 2014) Diamond mine workers Sierra Leone (2012 - 2012) Sierra Leone

655 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other government troops (1991 - Doctors (2010 - 2010) 1991) Sierra Leone Sierra Leone Kamajor militia (1996 - doctors (2014 - 2014) 1996) Sierra Leone Sierra Leone Labour Congress (2005 - Ebola team (2014 - 2014) 2005) Sierra Leone Sierra Leone Opposition party support- election oﬃcials (1996 - ers (2012 - 2012) Sierra 1996) Sierra Leone Leone Opposition Sierra Leone election opponents (1996 - People’s Party (2012 - 1996) Sierra Leone 2012) Sierra Leone police (2006 - 2006) Sierra election supporters (1996 - Leone 1996) Sierra Leone Police (2009 - 2009) Sierra Ex-civil war combatants Leone (2009 - 2009) Sierra Leone Prison guards (2009 - 2009) former child soldiers (2000 Sierra Leone - 2000) Sierra Leone Pro-government militia former military oﬃcers Kamajor (2001 - 2001) (1992 - 1992) Sierra Leone Sierra Leone Ruling All People’s former rebels (2000 - 2000) Congress members (2012 - Sierra Leone 2012) Sierra Leone Ruling party supporters Former rebels (2001 - 2001) (2012 - 2012) Sierra Leone Sierra Leone Sierra Leone People’s former soldiers (1999 - Party (2007 - 2009) Sierra 2001) Sierra Leone Leone Sierra Leone People’s Freetown Connaught Hos- Party supporters (2007 - pital (2014 - 2014) Sierra 2011) Sierra Leone Leone supporters of People’s Freetown Hospital (2014 - Movement for Democratic 2014) Sierra Leone Change (2007 - 2007) Sierra Leone fuel distribution companies (1991 - 1991) Sierra Leone fuel tanker drivers (1995 - 1995) Sierra Leone health care workers (2003 - 2003) Sierra Leone Health workers (2010 - 2010) Sierra Leone health workers (2014 - 2014) Sierra Leone

656 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other hospital (1997 - 1997) Sierra Leone hospital management (2006 - 2006) Sierra Leone human rights groups (2007 - 2007) Sierra Leone John Coker (1995 - 1995) Sierra Leone Johnny Pual Koroma (2003 - 2003) Sierra Leone journalists (1997 - 1997) Sierra Leone Kamajor ﬁghters (2001 - 2001) Sierra Leone Kenema Hospital (2014 - 2014) Sierra Leone Konikay villagers (2008 - 2008) Sierra Leone Land disputants (2011 - 2011) Sierra Leone Liberian rebels (1991 - 2003) Sierra Leone Liberian refugees (2004 - 2006) Sierra Leone local comedians (2003 - 2003) Sierra Leone Local populace (2015 - 2015) Sierra Leone local students (2004 - 2004) Sierra Leone market traders (1997 - 1997) Sierra Leone military regime (1996 - 1996) Sierra Leone military supply depot (2003 - 2003) Sierra Leone Miners (2012 - 2012) Sierra Leone mob (2014 - 2014) Sierra Leone National Patriotic Front of Liberia rebels (1991 - 1991) Sierra Leone national soccer team (1996 - 1996) Sierra Leone

657 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other National Union of Students (1997 - 1997) Sierra Leone Nigeria (1997 - 1997) Sierra Leone Nigerian businessmen (2002 - 2002) Sierra Leone nurses (2001 - 2014) Sierra Leone Nurses (2010 - 2010) Sierra Leone OCTEA - diamond mining company (2012 - 2012) Sierra Leone opposition supporters (2005 - 2007) Sierra Leone politcal activists (2007 - 2007) Sierra Leone political parties (2007 - 2007) Sierra Leone postal workers (1999 - 1999) Sierra Leone Prisoners (2009 - 2009) Sierra Leone refugees (1995 - 1995) Sierra Leone Rokel villagers (2008 - 2008) Sierra Leone Saddam Husein (1991 - 1991) Sierra Leone Sierra Leoneans (1991 - 1991) Sierra Leone soccer federation (1996 - 1996) Sierra Leone soldiers (1992 - 1992) Sierra Leone South African diamond ﬁre (2007 - 2007) Sierra Leone Sriking miners (2012 - 2012) Sierra Leone Striking diamond mine workers (2012 - 2012) Sierra Leone students (1990 - 2006) Sierra Leone

658 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other supporters of female circumcision (1996 - 1996) Sierra Leone supporters of former government minister Sam Nor- man (2004 - 2004) Sierra Leone taxi drivers (1991 - 1991) Sierra Leone teachers (1991 - 1997) Sierra Leone United Nations (1995 - 2006) Sierra Leone university professors (1998 - 1998) Sierra Leone university workers (2008 - 2008) Sierra Leone unknown (1996 - 2006) Sierra Leone Unknown (2015 - 2015) Sierra Leone unkown (1999 - 1999) Sierra Leone voters (1996 - 1996) Sierra Leone war crimes court (2004 - 2004) Sierra Leone women (1991 - 2007) Sierra Leone Womens organization (1995 - 1995) Sierra Leone youths (1997 - 2000) Sierra Leone

5.48 El Salvador

Government Challenger Civilian Other ARENA activist (1994 - Movement of Integrated Civilians (1993 - 2010) El American citizen (1992 - 2004) El Salvador Labor Organizations (1999 Salvador 1992) El Salvador - 1999) El Salvador ARENA candidate (1994 - Protesters (2004 - 2006) El Anti-war protesters (1993 - 1994) El Salvador Salvador 1994) El Salvador

659 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other ARENA supporters (1994 - Revolutionary Brigades of Armed gang (1994 - 1994) 1994) El Salvador Salvadoran Students of El El Salvador Salvador National Univer- sity (2001 - 2001) El Sal- vador Army units (1992 - 1992) Armed men (2013 - 2013) El Salvador El Salvador Central Bank (2001 - 2001) Association of Salvadoran El Salvador Bus Owners (2001 - 2001) El Salvador FMLN (1992 - 2003) El Black Shadow (1995 - Salvador 1995) El Salvador FMLN activist (2003 - Bus drivers (1998 - 2000) 2003) El Salvador El Salvador FMLN activists (1994 - Bus owners (1996 - 1996) 1994) El Salvador El Salvador FMLN leader (1993 - 1993) Cargo Transport Business El Salvador Association (2000 - 2000) El Salvador FMLN personnel (1992 - CCADSTS (2000 - 2000) 1992) El Salvador El Salvador FMLN supporters (1994 - Children’s hospital (2005 - 1994) El Salvador 2005) El Salvador Foreign ministry (1992 - Criminal gang (1993 - 1992) El Salvador 1993) El Salvador Government (1994 - 2006) Death squads (1993 - 1993) El Salvador El Salvador Municipal government Discrimination (2005 - (1998 - 1998) El Salvador 2005) El Salvador Police (2004 - 2004) El Sal- Doctors (2000 - 2003) El vador Salvador Police oﬃcers (1998 - 1998) Doctors Guild (2000 - El Salvador 2000) El Salvador President Tony Saca (2004 Drunken soldier (2000 - - 2004) El Salvador 2000) El Salvador Prison (1993 - 2004) El Sal- Earthquake victims (2001 - vador 2001) El Salvador Former civil war combatants (1995 - 1996) El Sal- vador Former guerrillas (2004 - 2004) El Salvador Former paramilitaries (1998 - 2001) El Salvador Former rebel leader (1994 - 1994) El Salvador

660 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Former rebels (1999 - 1999) El Salvador Former soldiers (1995 - 1995) El Salvador French ﬁlmmaker (2009 - 2009) El Salvador Gang members (1995 - 2006) El Salvador Gunmen (1998 - 2010) El Salvador HIV protesters (2005 - 2005) El Salvador INTERPOL agent (2010 - 2010) El Salvador Israel (2006 - 2006) El Sal- vador Journalist (1997 - 1997) El Salvador Labor unionists (2002 - 2002) El Salvador Mara 18 (2003 - 2010) El Salvador Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) (1996 - 2003) El Salvador Masked gunmen (1996 - 1996) El Salvador Masked protesters (2003 - 2004) El Salvador National Association of Salvadoran Educators (1999 - 1999) El Salvador National Emergency Com- mittee (2001 - 2001) El Sal- vador National Legislature (2004 - 2004) El Salvador Peasants (1994 - 1994) El Salvador Prison gangs (2007 - 2007) El Salvador Prison inmates (1993 - 2004) El Salvador Prisoners (2002 - 2002) El Salvador

661 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Probusqueda Association for Missing Children (2013 - 2013) El Salvador Public health workers (1999 - 1999) El Salvador Public sector doctors (1998 - 1998) El Salvador Rival gangs (1996 - 2003) El Salvador Rival prison gang (2004 - 2004) El Salvador Salvadoran Social Security Institute doctors (1998 - 1998) El Salvador School bus (2004 - 2004) El Salvador Social Security Institute workers (1999 - 1999) El Salvador Street vendors (2004 - 2006) El Salvador Students (2003 - 2003) El Salvador Teachers (1999 - 1999) El Salvador Transferred prison inmates (1993 - 1994) El Salvador Union of Social Security Workers (1995 - 1995) El Salvador United States (2001 - 2001) El Salvador University students (2006 - 2006) El Salvador Unknown (2013 - 2013) El Salvador Unknown bombers (1992 - 2004) El Salvador Unknown gunmen (1992 - 2006) El Salvador US citizen (2013 - 2013) El Salvador US President George W. Bush (2002 - 2002) El Sal- vador

662 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other US soldiers (1995 - 1995) El Salvador Vigilantes (1996 - 1996) El Salvador

5.49 Somalia

Government Challenger Civilian Other Abdulahi Qayad Barre Abdirahman Sandhere Citizens (2012 - 2012) So- Abdalla-agoonyar subclan (2015 - 2015) Somalia (2015 - 2015) Somalia malia (2000 - 2000) Somalia African Union Troops Abukar Omar Adan militia Civilians (1990 - 2011) So- Abdi Jeylani Malaq Mar- (2013 - 2013) Somalia (2006 - 2006) Somalia malia shale - comic working for Radio Kulmiye (2012 - 2012) Somalia Ali Jama Bihi (2008 - 2008) Adan Garar (2015 - 2015) civilians (2014 - 2014) So- Abdikarin Hashi Kediye - Somalia Somalia malia NGO worker for Towﬁq Development Organization worker and his driver (2012 - 2012) Somalia Ali Mahdi’s militia (1997 - Al-Itihad Al-Islam (1997 - Civilians businessmen Abdirahim Hassan, 1997) Somalia 1998) Somalia (1999 - 1999) Somalia Swedish Politician (2013 - 2013) Somalia Alliance for the Restora- Al-Qaeda (2005 - 2008) So- Habr-Yonis civilians (1997 Abdukadir Mohamed Nur tion of Peace and Counter- malia - 1997) Somalia (2015 - 2015) Somalia Terrorism (2006 - 2006) So- malia Almarjan (2007 - 2007) So- Al-Shabaab militants Muslim civilians (1990 - Abdullahi Ali Anshur malia (2015 - 2015) Somalia 1990) Somalia (2014 - 2014) Somalia AMISOM (2014 - 2014) So- Al-Shabab (2009 - 2010) Somali civilians (1999 - Abgal clan (1995 - 2000) malia Somalia 2001) Somalia Somalia AMISOM convoy (2014 - al-Shabab (2012 - 2012) So- Somaliland civilians (2000 Abgal clan faction (2007 - 2014) Somalia malia - 2000) Somalia 2007) Somalia army camp (2015 - 2015) Al-Shabab supporters Somaliland civilians orga- Abgal subclan (1994 - Somalia (2009 - 2009) Somalia nized by the business com- 2003) Somalia munity (2001 - 2001) So- malia army convoy (2015 - 2015) al-Shebab (2014 - 2014) So- Abgal subclans (2001 - Somalia malia 2001) Somalia Army wives (2014 - 2014) Al Shabaab (2013 - 2015) Abukar Hassan Kadaf - So- Somalia Somalia maliweyn radio station director (2012 - 2012) Soma- lia Beledweyne Police (2013 - ARS/UIC (2006 - 2006) ACCORD (2000 - 2000) 2013) Somalia Somalia Somalia

663 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Danish warship HDMS Bashir Raghe Shiral militia Action Against Hunger Absalon (part of NATO (2006 - 2006) Somalia (2000 - 2000) Somalia Ocean Shield anti-piracy force) (2012 - 2012) Somalia Deputy Security Comman- Clan militia (2015 - 2015) Adde subclan (2006 - 2006) der Ahmed Omar Mudane Somalia Somalia (2014 - 2014) Somalia Digil Salvation Army (1999 Clan Militia (2015 - 2015) Administrative district - 2000) Somalia Somalia (2009 - 2009) Somalia education ministry (2015 - Daud and Galmah tribes ADRAS-AID (1996 - 1996) 2015) Somalia loyal to Muse Sudi Yala- Somalia how (1999 - 1999) Somalia European Union naval Ethiopia (1999 - 2007) So- African peacekeepers (2006 forces (2012 - 2012) malia - 2007) Somalia Somalia Faction of Abdullahi Yus- Ethiopian troops (2007 - African Union (2005 - suf Ahmed (2001 - 2001) 2007) Somalia 2010) Somalia Somalia Fighters loyal to Mohamed Faction of Musa Sude Yala- African Union and Somali Ibrahim Egal (1994 - 1995) how (2001 - 2001) Somalia troops (2012 - 2012) Soma- Somalia lia French Troops (2013 - Faction of Yusuf Haji Nur African Union base (2014 - 2013) Somalia (2001 - 2001) Somalia 2015) Somalia Galkayo Police (2013 - Fighters loyal to Abdulrah- African Union forces (2014 2013) Somalia man Tuur (1994 - 1995) So- - 2014) Somalia malia Government (1986 - 2010) Gunmen loyal to Hussein African Union soldiers Somalia Haji Bod (1999 - 1999) So- (2015 - 2015) Somalia malia government (2015 - 2015) Hassan Mohammed Shati African Union troops (2014 Somalia Gudud militia (2005 - - 2015) Somalia 2005) Somalia Government of Puntland Insurgents (2009 - 2009) Aid agencies (2011 - 2011) (2001 - 2002) Somalia Somalia Somalia Government of Somaliland Ismael Jabhad (2015 - Aid workers (1997 - 2008) (2001 - 2001) Somalia 2015) Somalia Somalia government oﬃcials (2015 - Issa Yuluh - pirate leader Aidid loyalists (1999 - 2015) Somalia (2012 - 2012) Somalia 2000) Somalia Government troops (2012 - Juba Valley Alliance (1999 Aidid militiamen (1997 - 2012) Somalia - 2004) Somalia 1998) Somalia Guards (1996 - 1996) So- Juba Valley Alliance (war- Al Taj (2006 - 2006) Soma- malia lord Abdi Egal) (2006 - lia 2006) Somalia Gunmen loyal to tran- Juba Valley Alliance (war- Ali Ahmed Abdi - journal- sitional president Yusuf lord Barre Aden Shire) ist for news website (2012 - (2006 - 2006) Somalia (2006 - 2006) Somalia 2012) Somalia

664 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Huseenow Ronow Shiek Loyalists of Mohamed American Pastor (2010 - (2008 - 2008) Somalia Omar Baben (2002 - 2002) 2010) Somalia Somalia Interim prime minister Military base (Somaliland) Armed gang (1990 - 1990) (2002 - 2002) Somalia (2012 - 2012) Somalia Somalia Islamic Courts (Sheikh Nur Military court (Soma- Armed groups in Mo- Ollow) (2006 - 2006) Soma- liland) (2012 - 2012) gadishu (1999 - 1999) lia Somalia Somalia Kenyan military (2014 - Militia forces of Osman Armed men (2012 - 2012) 2015) Somalia Ato (1995 - 1996) Somalia Somalia Kenyan military plane Militia leader Iftin Hassan Armed robbers (2000 - (2014 - 2014) Somalia Basto (2014 - 2014) Soma- 2000) Somalia lia Legislator Isq Mohamed Militia of Abdi Hassan Attacker (2012 - 2012) So- Rino (2014 - 2014) Somalia Awale Qeydiid (Saad sub- malia clan) (2006 - 2006) Somalia Lisban Osman Ali (2015 - Militia of Abdi Shakur AU warplanes (2014 - 2015) Somalia Sa’id (2006 - 2006) Soma- 2014) Somalia lia Liyu Police (2015 - 2015) Militia of Ali Mahdi (1998 Awalyahan subclan (2000 - Somalia - 1998) Somalia 2000) Somalia Loyalists of Abdullahi Yus- Militia of Hassan Ali Atto Ayr clan (1998 - 1998) So- suf (2001 - 2001) Somalia (1998 - 1998) Somalia malia Loyalists of Ibrahim Artan Militia of Mohamed Hirsi Ayr subclan (1995 - 2000) Isamai (2002 - 2002) Soma- Morgan (2004 - 2004) So- Somalia lia malia Loyalists of Musa Sudi Militia of Mohamed Omar Bandits (1995 - 2003) So- Yalahow (2000 - 2002) So- Habeb (2003 - 2003) Soma- malia malia lia Loyalists of Yussuf Hajji Militia of Mohamed Qan- Banoda restaurant (2015 - Nur (2001 - 2001) Somalia yare Afrah (2007 - 2007) 2015) Somalia Somalia Military (2008 - 2008) So- Militia of Mohamed Saeed Bantu (1999 - 1999) Soma- malia Hirsi (1999 - 1999) Somalia lia Military (Puntland) (2012 Militia of Mohamed Siad Beachside Restaurant - 2012) Somalia Hersi (1997 - 1998) Somalia (2013 - 2013) Somalia Military checkpoint (2012 - Militia of Omar Haji (1999 Biyomal subclan (2000 - 2012) Somalia - 1999) Somalia 2000) Somalia military checkpoint (2015 - Militiamen (1997 - 2007) Bombers (2009 - 2009) So- 2015) Somalia Somalia malia Military vehicle (2012 - Mohamed Dheere (2005 - Boqol-Hore subclan (2006 - 2012) Somalia 2005) Somalia 2006) Somalia Militia forces of Omar Mohammed Ibrahim Hab- Bossaso Prison (2013 - Habeb (2002 - 2002) Soma- sadi militia (2005 - 2005) 2013) Somalia lia Somalia

665 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Militia loyal to the Presi- Opposition militia (2002 - Buhodle clans (2011 - dent (2007 - 2007) Somalia 2002) Somalia 2011) Somalia Ministry of Public Works Pirates (2005 - 2015) So- Businesses (1999 - 1999) (2013 - 2013) Somalia malia Somalia Mohammed Farah Aidid Protesters (2006 - 2011) Businessmen (1998 - 1998) (1996 - 1996) Somalia Somalia Somalia Mohamud Ibrahim Gar- protesters (2007 - 2007) So- caf (2014 - 2014) Somalia weyne - member of parlia- malia ment (2012 - 2012) Somalia MP Abdulahi Hussein Mo- Rahanwein factions (2001 - Canadian troops (1993 - hamud (2015 - 2015) Soma- 2002) Somalia 1993) Somalia lia MP Adan Haji Hussein Rahanwein Resistance Car bomber (2012 - 2015) (2015 - 2015) Somalia Army (1996 - 2002) Somalia Somalia MP Ahmed Mohamud Rahanwein Resistance CARE (2000 - 2000) Soma- Hayd (2014 - 2014) Army faction of Hassan lia Somalia Mohamed Nur (2003 - 2003) Somalia MP Mohamed Ahmed Rahanwein Resistance CARE food convoy (2000 - Gurhan (2015 - 2015) Army members (1998 - 2000) Somalia Somalia 1998) Somalia MP Said Hussein Nur Rival RRA faction (2003 - CARE workers (2007 - (2015 - 2015) Somalia 2003) Somalia 2007) Somalia Newly inaugurated presi- Shabab (2010 - 2010) So- Catholic nun (2006 - 2006) dent (2000 - 2000) Somalia malia Somalia Parliament (2014 - 2014) Shabab organized Centre for Research and Somalia protesters (2010 - 2010) Dialogue (2005 - 2005) So- Somalia malia Police (2001 - 2011) Soma- Shebab (2014 - 2014) So- Chinese ship (2008 - 2008) lia malia Somalia Police Chief Adirahman Shebab intelligence oﬃcial Christian missionaries Abbas (2014 - 2014) Soma- Abdishakur (2014 - 2014) (2004 - 2004) Somalia lia Somalia police station (2015 - 2015) Shebab militant Sahal Civilian protesters (2007 - Somalia Iskudhuq (2014 - 2014) 2007) Somalia Somalia policeman (2014 - 2014) Somali National Front Col. Abdi Hassan Awale Somalia (1997 - 2002) Somalia Qeybdid - former powerful warlord, police chief (2012 - 2012) Somalia President Hassan Sheikh Somali Salvation Demo- Cruise liner (2005 - 2005) Mohamud (2013 - 2013) cratic Front (1997 - 1997) Somalia Somalia Somalia presidential palace (2014 - Somali warlords (1998 - Darod clan (1998 - 1998) 2015) Somalia 2006) Somalia Somalia

666 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Prime minister Ali Mo- Somaliland (2004 - 2011) Daryeel Bulsho Guud hamed Gedi (2005 - 2005) Somalia (2008 - 2008) Somalia Somalia Puntland (2004 - 2008) So- Somaliland army forces Daud sub-clan (1999 - malia (1996 - 1996) Somalia 1999) Somalia Puntland army (2011 - Somaliland police (2005 - Demonstrators (2001 - 2011) Somalia 2005) Somalia 2002) Somalia Puntland government Somaliland protesters Digil-Mirﬂe clans (1997 - (2010 - 2010) Somalia (2003 - 2003) Somalia 1997) Somalia Puntland security forces SRRC (2001 - 2001) Soma- Digil clan (2001 - 2001) So- (2010 - 2010) Somalia lia malia security forces (2014 - Supporters of Mohamed Dir clan (2003 - 2004) So- 2015) Somalia Said Hirsi (1993 - 1993) So- malia malia Security forces (2015 - Supporters of Omar Jess Dir subclan (2008 - 2008) 2015) Somalia (1993 - 1993) Somalia Somalia Security Forces (2015 - United Somali Congress Djibouti (2000 - 2000) So- 2015) Somalia (1992 - 1999) Somalia malia senior local oﬃcial (2014 - United Somali Congress/- doctor, nurse (2014 - 2014) 2014) Somalia Somali National Alliance Somalia (1995 - 1995) Somalia Sheikh Adan Mader, Mem- United Somalia Congress Doctors without Borders ber of Parliament (2013 - (1995 - 1999) Somalia (1997 - 2009) Somalia 2013) Somalia Somali army (2011 - 2011) warlord Ahmed Daci, mili- Duduble clan (1998 - 2004) Somalia tiamen (2014 - 2014) Soma- Somalia lia Somali Government (2013 - Warlord supporters (Abgal Duduble subclan (2004 - 2013) Somalia clan) (2006 - 2006) Somalia 2004) Somalia Somali military (2005 - Egypt (2000 - 2003) Soma- 2005) Somalia lia Somali MP (2000 - 2000) Egyptian teacher (2009 - Somalia 2009) Somalia Somali National Alliance Eli-agoonyar subclan (2000 (1995 - 1995) Somalia - 2000) Somalia Somali police (2005 - 2005) Engineer for Turkish com- Somalia pany (2014 - 2014) Somalia Somalia (2000 - 2000) So- Ethiopian refugees (1995 - malia 1995) Somalia Somalian members of par- Eyr sub-clan (1998 - 1998) liament (2012 - 2012) So- Somalia malia Somalian Parliament (2012 Farhan Abdulle - radio - 2012) Somalia journalist (2012 - 2012) So- malia

667 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Somalian president (2000 - Farmers (2004 - 2004) So- 2000) Somalia malia Speaker of Parliament Female circumcision (2004 (2005 - 2005) Somalia - 2004) Somalia Supporters of Ali Mahdi Foreign ﬁshermen (1995 - (1996 - 1996) Somalia 1995) Somalia Supporters of Hussein Ai- Foreign journalists (2008 - did (1999 - 1999) Somalia 2008) Somalia Supporters of Mohamed Foreign national (2012 - Farah Aidid (1993 - 1996) 2012) Somalia Somalia Supporters of Mohamed Foreign troops (1992 - Said Hersi (1999 - 1999) 1993) Somalia Somalia Supporters of Muse Sudi Foreigners (2005 - 2005) Yalahow (2005 - 2005) So- Somalia malia Transitional Government Foreigners (Denmark) (2001 - 2008) Somalia (2006 - 2006) Somalia Transitional government Formal Private Education (2001 - 2011) Somalia Network (2001 - 2001) So- malia U.S. Navy Seal Team 6 former lawmaker and cur- (2012 - 2012) Somalia rent MP (2014 - 2014) So- malia United States (1993 - 2009) freelance journalist (2014 - Somalia 2014) Somalia US armed forces (1993 - French journalist Gwen Le 1993) Somalia Gouil (2007 - 2007) Soma- lia US drone strike (2015 - French tourists (1998 - 2015) Somalia 1998) Somalia US Government (2013 - Galadle clan (1998 - 1998) 2013) Somalia Somalia US military (2014 - 2014) Galadle subclan (1998 - Somalia 1998) Somalia US navy (2007 - 2007) So- Galhel sub-clan militia malia (1999 - 1999) Somalia US Navy Seals (2013 - Galje’el subclan (2000 - 2013) Somalia 2000) Somalia Galjel clan (1998 - 2003) Somalia Galjel militia (1999 - 1999) Somalia Galjel subclan (2000 - 2006) Somalia

668 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Galmudug gang (2015 - 2015) Somalia Garre clan (2005 - 2005) Somalia Garre subclan (2000 - 2002) Somalia Gido subclan (2000 - 2000) Somalia Golden Hotel (2014 - 2014) Somalia Greek ship (2008 - 2008) Somalia GTZ (2004 - 2004) Somalia Gunman (2012 - 2012) So- malia Gunmen (1995 - 2015) So- malia gunmen (2014 - 2014) So- malia Gunmen of Bashir Raage (2004 - 2004) Somalia Gunmen of the Rahanwein clan (2006 - 2006) Somalia Haber Gedir clan (2001 - 2006) Somalia Habr-Gedir subclan (2000 - 2000) Somalia Habr-Jeclo militiamen (1997 - 1997) Somalia Habr Gedir clan (1997 - 1999) Somalia Habr Gedir subclan (2000 - 2000) Somalia Habre Gedir tribesmen (1994 - 1994) Somalia Hassan Osman Abdi - radio station director (2012 - 2012) Somalia Hassan Yusuf Absuge - journalist for indpendent Radio Maanta (2012 - 2012) Somalia Hawad subclan (2006 - 2006) Somalia Hawadle clan militia (1996 - 1996) Somalia

669 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Hawadle subclan (2000 - 2007) Somalia Hawiye clan militia (2005 - 2005) Somalia Hawiye subclan (2002 - 2002) Somalia Hijacked cargo vessel (2012 - 2012) Somalia hotel (2014 - 2015) Somalia Hubeer faction (2005 - 2005) Somalia Huber clan (2008 - 2008) Somalia India (2008 - 2008) Somalia Indian doctors (1994 - 1994) Somalia International Aid Services aid workers (2012 - 2012) Somalia International community (2011 - 2011) Somalia International Red Cross (1995 - 1995) Somalia Iranian cargo ship (2008 - 2008) Somalia Iranian vessel (2015 - 2015) Somalia Isha Human Rights Orga- nization (2003 - 2003) So- malia Islamic Court (2000 - 2001) Somalia Islamic Court militia (2006 - 2006) Somalia Islamic court protesters (2006 - 2006) Somalia Islamic court supporters (2006 - 2007) Somalia Islamic courts (2006 - 2006) Somalia Islamic Courts (2006 - 2006) Somalia Islamic Courts Union (2006 - 2006) Somalia Islamic gunmen (2006 - 2006) Somalia

670 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Islamic militia (2006 - 2006) Somalia Islamic militiamen (2006 - 2006) Somalia Islamist militia (2006 - 2006) Somalia Islamist supporters (2006 - 2006) Somalia Israel (2009 - 2009) Soma- lia Italian doctors (1995 - 1995) Somalia Italy (1998 - 1998) Somalia Japanese chemical tanker (2007 - 2007) Somalia Jazeera Hotel (2014 - 2014) Somalia Jazeera hotel (2015 - 2015) Somalia Jidwak clan (1994 - 1994) Somalia Jijele clan (1993 - 1993) So- malia Jilible subclan (2006 - 2006) Somalia Jilicow intelligence and de- tention facility (2014 - 2014) Somalia Jordanian ﬁshing vessel (2008 - 2008) Somalia Journalist (2009 - 2009) Somalia Journalists (2005 - 2008) Somalia Juba Community Care (2009 - 2009) Somalia Karan market (2014 - 2014) Somalia Kenyan teacher (2014 - 2014) Somalia Kidnappers (1996 - 2012) Somalia Kota Wajar (2009 - 2009) Somalia Kudha Island (2014 - 2014) Somalia

671 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other lawmaker Saado Ali Warsame (2014 - 2014) Somalia lawmaker Sheikh Adan Madeer (2014 - 2014) Somalia Le Ponant (2008 - 2008) Somalia Legislator Abdiaziz Isak (2014 - 2014) Somalia Liboi Mosque (2013 - 2013) Somalia Libya (2008 - 2008) Soma- lia Local journalist (2008 - 2008) Somalia Local militia (2003 - 2003) Somalia Looters (1992 - 2007) So- malia Majerteen clan (2010 - 2010) Somalia Majerten militia (2002 - 2002) Somalia Majerten subclan (2000 - 2000) Somalia Maka al Mukarama Hotel (2013 - 2013) Somalia Makka Al Mukarram hotel (2015 - 2015) Somalia Marehan clan (1995 - 2007) Somalia Marehan militia (1998 - 1999) Somalia Maritime shipping (2005 - 2005) Somalia Marjerten clan (1997 - 1998) Somalia Marjeten clan (1999 - 2007) Somalia Marjeten militia (1998 - 1998) Somalia Masked gunmen (2005 - 2007) Somalia

672 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Meeting site for constitutional vote (2012 - 2012) Somalia Merchants (2007 - 2007) Somalia Militia (1999 - 1999) Soma- lia Moalin-Weyne clan (1998 - 1998) Somalia Moalin-weyne subclan (1998 - 1998) Somalia Mobelyn subclan (2000 - 2000) Somalia Moblen subclan (1999 - 1999) Somalia Mogadishu market (2013 - 2013) Somalia Mohamed-Subeyr subclan (2000 - 2000) Somalia Mohamed Mohamud Tur- yare - journalist for radio station Radio Shabelle (2012 - 2012) Somalia Mohamed Musa subclan (2003 - 2003) Somalia Moslem imams (1995 - 1995) Somalia Muhyadin Hassan - journalist (2012 - 2012) Soma- lia Murosade clan (1994 - 1994) Somalia Murursade sub clan (1999 - 1999) Somalia Murursade subclan (2004 - 2004) Somalia Murusade clan (1995 - 1999) Somalia Murusade sub-clan (1996 - 1996) Somalia Murusade subclan (2007 - 2007) Somalia Muslim commander (1999 - 1999) Somalia Muslim protesters (1990 - 2010) Somalia

673 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other MV Faina (2008 - 2008) So- malia MV Rozan (2007 - 2007) Somalia North Korean ﬂagged vessel (2007 - 2007) Somalia Odejen sub-clan (1999 - 1999) Somalia Pakistani oil worker (2008 - 2008) Somalia Peace and Human Rights Network (2003 - 2003) So- malia Peacekeeper supporters (2006 - 2006) Somalia Pirate mothership (2012 - 2012) Somalia polio workers (2014 - 2014) Somalia Port workers (1997 - 1997) Somalia Prisoners (1993 - 1993) So- malia Puntland gang (2015 - 2015) Somalia Qatari Oﬃcials (2013 - 2013) Somalia Qubey subclan (2002 - 2002) Somalia Rahanwein sub-clans (2000 - 2002) Somalia Random militias (1999 - 1999) Somalia Red Cross workers (1993 - 1998) Somalia Reer-Baare sub-clan (1999 - 1999) Somalia Refugee (2011 - 2011) So- malia Refugees (1995 - 1995) So- malia Reporter for Radio Galkayo (2012 - 2012) Somalia Reporter Yusuf Keynan (2014 - 2014) Somalia

674 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other rival clan (2014 - 2014) So- malia Rival clans (2003 - 2003) Somalia Rival militias (1999 - 1999) Somalia Rival militias of the Galjel subclan, Hawiye clan (2004 - 2004) Somalia Sa’ad clan (1998 - 2010) Somalia Sa’ad subclan (2002 - 2002) Somalia Saad clan (1998 - 2008) So- malia Saad subclan (2001 - 2006) Somalia Sahaﬁ hotel (2015 - 2015) Somalia Sailors (2009 - 2009) Soma- lia Saleemaan clan (2004 - 2004) Somalia Saudi oil tanker (2008 - 2008) Somalia Sean Devereux (1993 - 1993) Somalia Sheikhal subclan (1999 - 1999) Somalia Shekal clan (2008 - 2008) Somalia Shikal subclan (2000 - 2000) Somalia Shikhal sub-clan (1999 - 1999) Somalia Shipping (2009 - 2009) So- malia soldiers (2014 - 2014) So- malia soldiers and African Union forces (2014 - 2014) Soma- lia Somali clans (1994 - 1994) Somalia Somali Court System (2013 - 2013) Somalia

675 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Somali demonstrators (1993 - 1993) Somalia Somali Demonstrators (1993 - 1993) Somalia Somali factions (2003 - 2004) Somalia Somali gunmen (2003 - 2003) Somalia Somali job seekers (1994 - 1994) Somalia Somali militants (2007 - 2007) Somalia Somali mourners (1996 - 1996) Somalia Somali National Salvation Council (2004 - 2004) So- malia Somali protesters (1993 - 2007) Somalia Somali residents (1998 - 1998) Somalia Somali Women’s Chamber of Commerce (2004 - 2004) Somalia Spanish ﬁshermen (2008 - 2008) Somalia Spanish navy warship (2012 - 2012) Somalia Spanish vessel Izurdia (2012 - 2012) Somalia Squatters (2010 - 2010) So- malia street cleaners (2014 - 2014) Somalia Suﬁ Dervishes (1997 - 1997) Somalia Suicide bomber (2011 - 2015) Somalia suicide bomber (2014 - 2014) Somalia Suicide bombers (2012 - 2012) Somalia Suicide car bomber (2012 - 2012) Somalia Suleiman sub-clan (1998 - 2006) Somalia

676 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Suleman subclan (1999 - 1999) Somalia Suleyman subclan (2004 - 2005) Somalia Supreme Islamic Council of Somalia (2006 - 2006) So- malia suspected Islamic militants (2015 - 2015) Somalia Svitzer Korsakov (2008 - 2008) Somalia Sweden (2005 - 2005) So- malia Syrian Doctors (2013 - 2013) Somalia Tablighi Jamaat (2009 - 2009) Somalia Taiwanese ﬂagged ship (2007 - 2007) Somalia Tax protesters (2006 - 2006) Somalia The Village Eatery (Mo- gadishu restaurant) (2013 - 2013) Somalia Traders (1995 - 2001) So- malia Tuni subclan (2000 - 2000) Somalia Turkish Airlines security coordinator (2014 - 2014) Somalia Turkish Diplomats (2013 - 2013) Somalia TV reporter Abdirizak Jama (2014 - 2014) Somalia UAE diplomatic convoy (2015 - 2015) Somalia Ulema (2004 - 2004) Soma- lia Umal-Qura school (1999 - 1999) Somalia UN (1992 - 1995) Somalia UN aid workers (1996 - 1996) Somalia

677 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other UN bus (2015 - 2015) So- malia UN consultants (2014 - 2014) Somalia UN convoy (2014 - 2014) Somalia UN Development Program (2008 - 2008) Somalia UN employee (2015 - 2015) Somalia UN employees (1995 - 1995) Somalia UN expatriates (2001 - 2001) Somalia UN peacekeepers (1993 - 1996) Somalia UN resolution (2006 - 2006) Somalia UN Secretary General (1993 - 1993) Somalia UN workers (2009 - 2009) Somalia UN World Food Pro- gramme (1997 - 1997) Somalia UNICEF (2005 - 2008) So- malia UNICEF doctor (1999 - 1999) Somalia UNICEF workers (1997 - 1997) Somalia Unidentiﬁed gunmen (2012 - 2012) Somalia Unidentiﬁed sub-clan (2000 - 2000) Somalia United Nations (1993 - 2013) Somalia Unknown (2000 - 2015) So- malia unknown (2014 - 2014) So- malia Unknown assailants (2012 - 2012) Somalia Unknown attackers (1994 - 2010) Somalia

678 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unknown bomber (2012 - 2012) Somalia Unknown bombers (2010 - 2013) Somalia Unknown clan (1995 - 2007) Somalia Unknown faction (1996 - 2001) Somalia Unknown gunman (1993 - 1993) Somalia Unknown gunmen (1994 - 2013) Somalia unknown gunmen (2014 - 2014) Somalia Unknown militants (2013 - 2013) Somalia Unknown militia (2001 - 2001) Somalia Unknown rival sub-clan (2000 - 2000) Somalia Unspecified clan (2008 - 2008) Somalia Unspecified militias (1999 - 1999) Somalia Unspecified tribe (2005 - 2005) Somalia Various militias (1986 - 1986) Somalia Village Restaurant (2012 - 2012) Somalia Villagers (1996 - 1996) So- malia Waiysle sub-clan (1999 - 1999) Somalia Walamboy sub-clan (1999 - 1999) Somalia Wardens (1993 - 1993) So- malia Warring factions (2003 - 2003) Somalia Warsame Shire Awale - comedian working for Radio Kulmiye (2012 - 2012) So- malia wedding (2015 - 2015) So- malia

679 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Weheliye and Siyaad hotels (2015 - 2015) Somalia WFP (2006 - 2006) Soma- lia WFP workers (2011 - 2011) Somalia Women and children organized by civil society group (2010 - 2010) Somalia World Food Program (1995 - 2010) Somalia World Food Program convoy (1999 - 1999) Somalia Worshippers (2011 - 2011) Somalia Yantar faction (2005 - 2005) Somalia Yusuf Ali Osman - reporter, director of Soma- lia’s Information Ministry (2012 - 2012) Somalia Yusuf Dhire (2015 - 2015) Somalia

5.50 South Sudan

Government Challenger Civilian Other Army (2015 - 2015) South Lord’s Resistance Army Citizens (2012 - 2012) armed youth (2014 - 2014) Sudan (2012 - 2012) South Sudan South Sudan South Sudan Government (2012 - 2012) Machar (2013 - 2013) Pibor Civilians (2013 - Balande tribe members South Sudan South Sudan 2013) South Sudan (2012 - 2012) South Sudan government (2014 - 2014) Machar rebel base (2015 - Walgak Civilians (2013 - Bandits (2012 - 2012) South Sudan 2015) South Sudan 2013) South Sudan South Sudan government camp (2015 - Machar rebel forces (2014 - British worker (2015 - 2015) South Sudan 2014) South Sudan 2015) South Sudan government troops (2015 - Machar rebel forces, White cattle farmers (2014 - 2014) 2015) South Sudan Army (2014 - 2014) South South Sudan Sudan Jonglei Government (2013 Machar rebels (2015 - Cattle Raiders (2013 - - 2013) South Sudan 2015) South Sudan 2013) South Sudan Kiir supporters/militia Machar, Sudan People’s convoy with journalists (2015 - 2015) South Sudan Liberation Movement (2015 - 2015) South Sudan (SPLM) (2013 - 2013) South Sudan

680 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Military (2012 - 2012) Rebels (2015 - 2015) South Deng Athuai - head of South Sudan Sudan South Sudan Civil Society group (2012 - 2012) South Sudan President Kiir (2013 - White Army Rebels (2013 Diing Chan Awuol - jour- 2013) South Sudan - 2013) South Sudan nalist for news websites Sudan Tribune, Gurtong (2012 - 2012) South Sudan President Salva Kiir (2013 Dinka community (2012 - - 2013) South Sudan 2012) South Sudan rebel forces under Peter Dinka Gok tribe youths Gadet or SPLA (2014 - (2012 - 2012) South Sudan 2014) South Sudan South Sudanese Army Dinka Rek tribe (2012 - (2012 - 2012) South Sudan 2012) South Sudan South Sudanese military Dinka tribe farmers (2012 - (2012 - 2012) South Sudan 2012) South Sudan South Sudanese Military Doctors without Borders (2014 - 2014) South Sudan (2013 - 2013) South Sudan South Sudanese Military Doctors Without Borders (SPLA) (2014 - 2014) (MSF) staﬀ (2015 - 2015) South Sudan South Sudan Southern People’s Libera- Eastern Equatoria State tion Army (SPLA) (2012 - Police (2013 - 2013) South 2012) South Sudan Sudan SPLA (2013 - 2014) South Ethnic Murle (2013 - 2013) Sudan South Sudan SPLA army (2014 - 2014) Ethnic Nuer (2013 - 2013) South Sudan South Sudan SPLA soldiers (2014 - Farmers in Jonglei State 2014) South Sudan (2013 - 2013) South Sudan SPLA, allied militia (2014 Farmers in Unity State - 2014) South Sudan (2013 - 2013) South Sudan SPLA, civilians (2014 - General Malok Riing - 2014) South Sudan Eastern Equatoria state police chief (2012 - 2012) South Sudan SPLA, Dinka civilian hos- Gunmen (2015 - 2015) pital patients (2014 - 2014) South Sudan South Sudan SPLA, Dinka, Nuer and ICRC hospital (2015 - other ethnic group civilians 2015) South Sudan (2014 - 2014) South Sudan SPLA, Justice Equality internally displaced eth- Movement, Ugandan sol- nic Nuer, UN peacekeepers diers (2014 - 2014) South (2014 - 2014) South Sudan Sudan

681 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other SPLA, Sudanese militias Jikany (2013 - 2013) South (2014 - 2014) South Sudan Sudan SSLM/A (2012 - 2012) Lou-Nuer tribesmen (2011 South Sudan - 2011) South Sudan state governor troops (2015 Lou Nuer tribe (2012 - - 2015) South Sudan 2012) South Sudan Lou Nuer tribe youths (2012 - 2012) South Sudan Maban and Renk counties (2015 - 2015) South Sudan Marialachak village (2015 - 2015) South Sudan Misseriya gunmen (2015 - 2015) South Sudan Murle (2013 - 2013) South Sudan Murle ethnic group (2012 - 2012) South Sudan Murle Ethnic group (2013 - 2013) South Sudan Murle Rebels (2013 - 2013) South Sudan Murle tribe (2012 - 2012) South Sudan Murle tribe cattle raiders (2012 - 2012) South Sudan Murle tribe ﬁghters (2012 - 2012) South Sudan Murle tribe members (2012 - 2012) South Sudan Murle tribesmen (2011 - 2011) South Sudan Ngok Dinka chief (2015 - 2015) South Sudan Nhialdiu (2015 - 2015) South Sudan Nuer aid workers (2014 - 2014) South Sudan Nuer Ethnic group (2013 - 2013) South Sudan Nuer military trainees (2014 - 2014) South Sudan Nuer Rebels (2013 - 2013) South Sudan Nuer tribe members (2012 - 2012) South Sudan

682 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other peace marchers (2014 - 2014) South Sudan Reporter (2015 - 2015) South Sudan rogue general troops (2015 - 2015) South Sudan soldiers (2014 - 2014) South Sudan South Sudanese soldiers (2012 - 2012) South Sudan South Sudanese territory (2015 - 2015) South Sudan state capital of Malakal (2015 - 2015) South Sudan Sudanese Army (2015 - 2015) South Sudan Sudanese bombers (2015 - 2015) South Sudan Teenage boy (2012 - 2012) South Sudan UN base (2015 - 2015) South Sudan UN convoy of barges (2014 - 2014) South Sudan UN Helicopter (2014 - 2014) South Sudan UN Peacekeepers (2013 - 2013) South Sudan Unidentified gunmen (2012 - 2012) South Sudan Unidentified Gunmen (2013 - 2013) South Sudan unidentified gunmen (2014 - 2014) South Sudan United Nations (2014 - 2014) South Sudan United Nations helicopter (2012 - 2012) South Sudan United Nations officials (2012 - 2012) South Sudan Unknown (2015 - 2015) South Sudan Unknown attackers (2013 - 2013) South Sudan unknown attackers (2014 - 2014) South Sudan

683 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unknown cattle Rustlers (2013 - 2013) South Sudan Unknown Gunmen (2013 - 2013) South Sudan Unknown kidnappers (2012 - 2012) South Sudan US Troops (2013 - 2013) South Sudan Villages (2012 - 2012) South Sudan Warring tribal parties (2012 - 2012) South Sudan young men (2014 - 2014) South Sudan young women (2014 - 2014) South Sudan

5.51 Swaziland

Government Challenger Civilian Other army (2000 - 2000) Swazi- anti-government activists Citizens (2012 - 2012) church group members land (1995 - 2004) Swaziland Swaziland (2005 - 2005) Swaziland central government (1995 - anti-royalist activists (1996 Congress of South African 2008) Swaziland - 1996) Swaziland Trade Unions members (2002 - 2002) Swaziland Civil servants (2011 - 2011) demonstrators (2003 - courts (2000 - 2000) Swazi- Swaziland 2003) Swaziland land Education ministry (2012 - People’s United Demo- factory owners (2008 - 2012) Swaziland cratic Movement (2002 - 2008) Swaziland 2006) Swaziland Government (2010 - 2012) People’s United Demo- lawyers (2002 - 2002) Swaziland cratic Movement members Swaziland (2002 - 2002) Swaziland Government workers (2012 People’s United Demo- National Network of Peo- - 2012) Swaziland cratic Movement of ple living with HIV/AIDS Swaziland (Pudemo) (2010 (2011 - 2011) Swaziland - 2010) Swaziland police (2014 - 2014) Swazi- political activists (2000 - Nurses (1999 - 2004) Swazi- land 2000) Swaziland land Teachers/nurses/other protesters (2002 - 2002) nurses (2004 - 2004) Swazi- government workers (2012 Swaziland land - 2012) Swaziland Swaziland Democracy pro-democracy supporters Campaign (2011 - 2011) (1996 - 2008) Swaziland Swaziland

684 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Swaziland Democratic Al- public sector workers (2003 liance (1996 - 1996) Swazi- - 2007) Swaziland land Swaziland Democratic Al- School principals (2011 - liance members (2002 - 2011) Swaziland 2002) Swaziland soccer fans (2004 - 2004) Swaziland soccer team (2004 - 2004) Swaziland street vendors (1996 - 1996) Swaziland students (1990 - 1994) Swaziland Students (2010 - 2012) Swaziland Swaziland Democratic Nurses Union (2011 - 2011) Swaziland Swaziland Federation of Trade Unions (1995 - 1997) Swaziland Swaziland Federation of Trade Unions members (1996 - 1996) Swaziland Swaziland Federation of Trade Unions supporters (1996 - 1996) Swaziland Swaziland Law Society (2011 - 2011) Swaziland Swaziland National Associ- ation of Teachers (2011 - 2011) Swaziland Swaziland Youth Congress (1997 - 2014) Swaziland Taxi drivers (2012 - 2012) Swaziland teachers (1996 - 2000) Swaziland Teachers (2012 - 2012) Swaziland textile workers (2008 - 2008) Swaziland The Black Tigers (1998 - 1998) Swaziland

685 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other trade union members (2005 - 2005) Swaziland trade unionists (2000 - 2000) Swaziland trade unions (2000 - 2000) Swaziland Union leaders (2012 - 2012) Swaziland United States (2011 - 2011) Swaziland university lecturers (1995 - 1995) Swaziland University of Swaziland students (2012 - 2012) Swaziland university oﬃcials (1990 - 1995) Swaziland University students (2011 - 2011) Swaziland unknown (2000 - 2000) Swaziland unkown (1999 - 1999) Swaziland women (2008 - 2008) Swaziland workers (2000 - 2004) Swaziland

5.52 Chad

Government Challenger Civilian Other Army (2006 - 2006) Chad Boko Haram (2015 - 2015) Chadian citizens (2004 - Aid workers (2006 - 2008) Chad 2005) Chad Chad Army posts (2015 - 2015) Boko Haram safe house Citizens (1993 - 2007) Armed gunmen (2009 - Chad (2015 - 2015) Chad Chad 2010) Chad Central Government (2012 Boko Haram suicide Civilian farmers (2005 - British aid worker (2010 - - 2012) Chad bomber (2015 - 2015) 2005) Chad 2010) Chad Chad Civil servants (2006 - 2006) Boko Haram suicide Civilians (2006 - 2006) Chadian Human Rights Chad bombers (2015 - 2015) Chad League (1992 - 1992) Chad Chad Government (1989 - 2015) FARF (1997 - 1997) Chad Chadian nomads (2007 - Chad 2007) Chad Interior minister (2009 - Janjaweed (2004 - 2007) Chinese national (2010 - 2009) Chad Chad 2010) Chad

686 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other MDJT (2003 - 2003) Chad protesters (2015 - 2015) Chinese National Chad Petroleum Company (2014 - 2014) Chad Opposition party (2006 - RAFD (2005 - 2005) Chad Dadjo tribe (2007 - 2007) 2006) Chad Chad Opposition supporters Suspected Boko Haram Defense attorneys (2003 - (2004 - 2011) Chad members (2015 - 2015) 2003) Chad Chad Police (2001 - 2015) Chad Detained French aid workers (2007 - 2007) Chad Troops (2015 - 2015) Chad Detained journalist (2006 - 2006) Chad Esso company (2006 - 2006) Chad Esso oil workers (2006 - 2006) Chad Ethnic African villagers (2006 - 2006) Chad Ethnic Arab villagers (2006 - 2006) Chad Fish market (2015 - 2015) Chad French charities (2007 - 2007) Chad Gunmen (2006 - 2006) Chad Islamic Legion (1989 - 1989) Chad Khouzam tribe (2000 - 2000) Chad Khozam tribe (2000 - 2000) Chad Lawyers (2014 - 2014) Chad Market (2015 - 2015) Chad Oil groups Elf and Shell (1999 - 1999) Chad Opposition candidates and supporters (2001 - 2001) Chad Ouled Rachid tribe (2000 - 2000) Chad Private media workers (2006 - 2008) Chad Private radio stations (2006 - 2006) Chad

687 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Rebel dissidents (2003 - 2003) Chad Red Cross (2009 - 2009) Chad Refugees (2002 - 2002) Chad Seleka (2012 - 2012) Chad Soldiers (2015 - 2015) Chad Sotel administrators (2004 - 2004) Chad Students (1992 - 2008) Chad Sudanese government (2006 - 2009) Chad Sudanese rebels (2004 - 2006) Chad Sudanese refugees (2004 - 2007) Chad Suicide bombers (2015 - 2015) Chad Tama ethnic group (2007 - 2007) Chad Tax oﬃcial (2009 - 2009) Chad Teachers (1992 - 1992) Chad Telecommunications workers (2004 - 2004) Chad Terrorist cell (2015 - 2015) Chad Trade Unions (2014 - 2014) Chad Trade workers (2005 - 2005) Chad UNHCR (2002 - 2004) Chad Unidentiﬁed gunmen (2005 - 2007) Chad Union of Trade Unions of Chad (UST) (2012 - 2012) Chad United States (2003 - 2003) Chad Villagers (2015 - 2015) Chad

688 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Walat Rachid group (2000 - 2000) Chad Wounded soldiers (2007 - 2007) Chad Zaghawa ethnic group (2007 - 2007) Chad

5.53 Togo

Government Challenger Civilian Other central government (1990 - anti-Eyadema supporters Citizens (2012 - 2012) Togo anyone not belonging to 2006) Togo (1991 - 1991) Togo Eyadema’s ethnic group, Kabyes (1993 - 1993) Togo Eyadema (1998 - 1998) Anti-government demon- civilians (1998 - 1998) Togo armed men (1994 - 1994) Togo strators (2012 - 2012) Togo Togo Eyadema supporters (1992 demonstrators (1991 - Female citizens (2012 - BW Rhine - gasoline - 1997) Togo 1992) Togo 2012) Togo tanker (2012 - 2012) Togo Gen. Eyadema (1992 - Jean Pierre Fabre - op- Chokossi tripe (1991 - 1992) Togo position movement leader 1991) Togo (2012 - 2012) Togo Gen. Eyadema supporters Let’s Save Togo, Opposi- Confederation of African (1991 - 1991) Togo tion Coalition (2013 - 2013) Football (2010 - 2010) Togo Togo General Eyadema (1991 - Opposition groups led by French and German medi- 1991) Togo Let’s Save Togo (2012 - ators (1993 - 1993) Togo 2012) Togo Government (2009 - 2012) protesters (1991 - 2015) German-owned tanker Togo Togo (2012 - 2012) Togo government (2014 - 2015) Rally for the Togolese Peo- German government (2006 Togo ple (1992 - 1992) Togo - 2006) Togo Government and opposi- Republic Front for Change Greek-owned oil tanker tion (2012 - 2012) Togo (FRAC) (2010 - 2010) Energy Centurion (2012 - Togo 2012) Togo Government supporters Kaybe tribe (1992 - 1992) (2012 - 2012) Togo Togo Military forces (2009 - Konkomba tribe (1991 - 2009) Togo 1991) Togo National Alliance for Kotokoli tribe (1992 - Change (2011 - 2014) Togo 1992) Togo police (1992 - 2006) Togo Let’s Save Togo (2014 - 2014) Togo presidential guard (1993 - Lynch mob (2009 - 2009) 1993) Togo Togo pro-government supporters Moba tribe (1991 - 1991) (2002 - 2005) Togo Togo 689 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other public sector workers (1991 Mossi tribe (1991 - 1991) - 1991) Togo Togo Ruling party oﬃcials (2009 mutinous soldiers (1991 - - 2009) Togo 1991) Togo Security forces (2012 - Oil tanker (2012 - 2012) 2012) Togo Togo supporters of Eyadema Olympio (2005 - 2005) (1991 - 1991) Togo Togo Supporters of Jean-Pierre opposition (1993 - 1994) Fabre (2013 - 2013) Togo Togo Supporters of President Opposition demonstraters Faure Gnassingbe (2010 - (2010 - 2010) Togo 2010) Togo Togo Government (2013 - opposition groups (1997 - 2013) Togo 2002) Togo Togo Security Forces (2013 opposition leader (1994 - - 2013) Togo 1994) Togo Togolese army (1993 - opposition leader and two 1993) Togo supporters (1994 - 1994) Togo Union for the Forces of opposition supporters Change (2009 - 2010) Togo (1992 - 2005) Togo Union for the Republic Pirates (2012 - 2012) Togo (2014 - 2014) Togo pro-democracy militants (1992 - 1992) Togo pro-democracy supporters (1990 - 1993) Togo Roman Catholic students (1991 - 1991) Togo soccer fans (2006 - 2007) Togo Soccer protesters (2010 - 2010) Togo soldiers (1991 - 2005) Togo students (1991 - 2005) Togo taxi drivers (1991 - 2006) Togo Teachers Union (2013 - 2013) Togo Thieves (2009 - 2009) Togo Togo Journalists (2013 - 2013) Togo troops (1992 - 1992) Togo

690 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other uniformed gunmen (1994 - 1994) Togo Union of the Togolese Peo- ple (1997 - 1997) Togo University of Lome (2011 - 2011) Togo University students (2011 - 2011) Togo unknown (1993 - 2007) Togo Unspeciﬁed (2012 - 2012) Togo villagers (1992 - 1992) Togo Violent mob/militia (2012 - 2012) Togo voters (1998 - 1998) Togo youth (1994 - 2003) Togo

5.54 Trinidad & Tobago

Government Challenger Civilian Other Government (1995 - 2012) Citizens (2003 - 2005) Alcoa Inc. (2006 - 2006) Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Police (2003 - 2003) Anjuman Sunnat Ul Ja- Trinidad and Tobago maat Association (2003 - 2003) Trinidad and Tobago Police Oﬃcers (2011 - Anti-smelter group (2006 - 2011) Trinidad and Tobago 2006) Trinidad and Tobago Public prosecutors (2003 - Constitution Reform Fo- 2003) Trinidad and Tobago rum (2002 - 2002) Trinidad and Tobago State oil plant workers Contractor Bechtel Intl (2005 - 2005) Trinidad and (1997 - 2004) Trinidad and Tobago Tobago State oil workers (2009 - Disabled citizens (2003 - 2009) Trinidad and Tobago 2003) Trinidad and Tobago Supporters of former Prime Environmentalists (2012 - Minister Basdeo Panday 2012) Trinidad and Tobago (2005 - 2005) Trinidad and Tobago Supporters of Prime Minis- Gas plant construction ter Basdeo Panday (1998 - workers (1997 - 2004) 1998) Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Gas plant owners (2000 - 2000) Trinidad and Tobago

691 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Hindu Credit Union (2004 - 2004) Trinidad and Tobago Hugo Chavez’s government (2003 - 2003) Trinidad and Tobago Islamic Missionaries Guild (2001 - 2001) Trinidad and Tobago Journalists (1998 - 1998) Trinidad and Tobago Local Residents (2000 - 2006) Trinidad and Tobago Medical doctors (2001 - 2003) Trinidad and Tobago Medical Doctors (2002 - 2002) Trinidad and Tobago Oil refinery workers (2006 - 2006) Trinidad and Tobago Oilfield Workers Trade Union (1995 - 1995) Trinidad and Tobago Opposition supporters (2004 - 2004) Trinidad and Tobago Soccer fans (1996 - 1996) Trinidad and Tobago Soccer players (1996 - 1996) Trinidad and Tobago Students at the University of the West Indies (1999 - 1999) Trinidad and Tobago Sugar workers (2001 - 2001) Trinidad and Tobago Teacher Union (2004 - 2004) Trinidad and Tobago Tug boat workers (2004 - 2004) Trinidad and Tobago United States Government (2001 - 2003) Trinidad and Tobago University officials (1999 - 1999) Trinidad and Tobago

692 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Venezuelans living in Trinidad (2003 - 2003) Trinidad and Tobago Villagers (2003 - 2003) Trinidad and Tobago Wayne Kublalsingh (2012 - 2012) Trinidad and Tobago

5.55 Tunisia

Government Challenger Civilian Other Abdelfattah Mourou, Ansar al-Sharia (2013 - civilian (2014 - 2014) Al-Qaeda (2002 - 2002) a Founding Member of 2013) Tunisia Tunisia Tunisia Ennahda (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Border guards (2011 - Ansar al-Shariah (2014 - Civilians (2000 - 2011) Al-Qaeda in the Islamic 2011) Tunisia 2014) Tunisia Tunisia Maghreb (2014 - 2014) Tunisia Border Guards (2012 - Anti-government activist Al-Qaeda militants (2011 - 2012) Tunisia (2013 - 2013) Tunisia 2011) Tunisia Coalition of leftwing Anti-government Al Qaeda in North Africa groups (unspeciﬁed) (2013 protesters (2011 - 2011) (2007 - 2007) Tunisia - 2013) Tunisia Tunisia Democratic Progressive Anti-Regime activists Algerian militants (2000 - Party (2009 - 2009) Tunisia (2013 - 2013) Tunisia 2000) Tunisia Ennahda Party (2011 - Brahim Slimani (2013 - alleged terrorists (2014 - 2012) Tunisia 2013) Tunisia 2014) Tunisia Ennahda Party supporters Coup plotters (1991 - 1991) An Art Exhibition (2012 - (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Tunisia 2012) Tunisia Ennahda supporters (2014 Hizb ut-Tahrir (2014 - Anti-Femen protesters - 2014) Tunisia 2014) Tunisia (2013 - 2013) Tunisia Ennahda, Islamist Party Okba Ibn Nafaa (2014 - Anti-Islamists (2013 - (2013 - 2013) Tunisia 2014) Tunisia 2013) Tunisia Ennahdha (2011 - 2011) Progressive Democratic Armed ﬁghters (2011 - Tunisia Party (2004 - 2004) Tunisia 2011) Tunisia Government (1991 - 2012) protesters (2007 - 2015) armed militants (2015 - Tunisia Tunisia 2015) Tunisia government (2014 - 2015) Protesters (2011 - 2013) Arms Smugglers (2012 - Tunisia Tunisia 2012) Tunisia government, police (2014 - The Youth of Tawhid and Assassins (1991 - 1991) 2014) Tunisia Jihad in Tunisia (2006 - Tunisia 2007) Tunisia interior ministry (2014 - Tunisia’s League for the Baghdadi al-Mahmoudi, 2014) Tunisia Defense of Secularism and Libya’s Former Prime Freedom (2015 - 2015) Minister (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Tunisia

693 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Islamist-Led Government Tunisian protesters (2013 - Bars (2012 - 2012) Tunisia (2012 - 2012) Tunisia 2013) Tunisia Islamist Ennahda Party Belgian journalist (2005 - supporters (2012 - 2012) 2005) Tunisia Tunisia Islamist Party Supporters Ben Jeddou (2014 - 2014) (2013 - 2013) Tunisia Tunisia Justice Ministry (2012 - Business Owners (2013 - 2012) Tunisia 2013) Tunisia Local Authorities (2012 - Businesses (2012 - 2012) 2012) Tunisia Tunisia Local Police (2012 - 2012) Child Rape protesters Tunisia (2013 - 2013) Tunisia military forces (2015 - Christine Lagarde, IMF 2015) Tunisia Director (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Minister of Higher Educa- Conservative Muslims tion (2012 - 2012) Tunisia (2011 - 2012) Tunisia Ministry for Women’s Af- criminals and thieves (2014 fairs (2013 - 2013) Tunisia - 2014) Tunisia Mohamed Brahmi, Popu- Cultural Festival (2012 - lar Movement MP (2013 - 2012) Tunisia 2013) Tunisia Mohammed Ali Nasri (par- Dar Assabah Journalists liamentarian) (2014 - 2014) and Technicians (2012 - Tunisia 2012) Tunisia Moncef Marzouki, Presi- Demonstrators (2011 - dent (2012 - 2012) Tunisia 2011) Tunisia National Guard (2014 - Dissidents (2000 - 2000) 2014) Tunisia Tunisia National Guard, soldiers Dutch diplomat (1991 - (2014 - 2014) Tunisia 1991) Tunisia National Guardsman (2014 EgyptAir (1998 - 1998) - 2014) Tunisia Tunisia National Salvation Front, Egyptian Military (2013 - Opposition Organization 2013) Tunisia (2013 - 2013) Tunisia Opposition parties (2005 - Ekbes (2012 - 2012) 2005) Tunisia Tunisia Opposition Party Deputies Employers (2011 - 2011) (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Tunisia Opposition Party Support- ESS soccer club fans (2006 ers (2013 - 2013) Tunisia - 2006) Tunisia Police (2007 - 2011) EST soccer club fans (2006 Tunisia - 2006) Tunisia

694 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other police (2014 - 2014) Tunisia Families of victims (2015 - 2015) Tunisia Police Officers (2012 - FEMEN protesters (2013 - 2012) Tunisia 2013) Tunisia police post, Ennahda of- FEMEN protesters, fice, court (2014 - 2014) women’s rights group Tunisia (2013 - 2013) Tunisia police station (2014 - 2014) foreign militants (2014 - Tunisia 2014) Tunisia police, Nidia Tunis head- Gafsa Phosphates Com- quarters, police stations pany (2012 - 2012) Tunisia (2014 - 2014) Tunisia policeman (2015 - 2015) General Union of Tunisian Tunisia Students (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Policemen (2012 - 2012) General Union of Tunisian Tunisia Workers (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Popular Front Party (2013 Ground staff (2011 - 2011) - 2013) Tunisia Tunisia Popular Front, Opposition Groupe Chiminique Party (2013 - 2013) Tunisia Tunisien (2012 - 2012) Tunisia President Beji Caid Essebi Groupe Chimique Tunisien (2015 - 2015) Tunisia Phosphate Workers and Truck Drivers (2012 - 2012) Tunisia President Beji Caid Essebsi Gunman (2015 - 2015) (2015 - 2015) Tunisia Tunisia President Moncef gunmen (2014 - 2014) Marouzki (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Tunisia President Moncef Mar- Gunmen (2015 - 2015) zouki (2013 - 2013) Tunisia Tunisia presidential guard (2015 - Habib Kazdoghli, Dean of 2015) Tunisia the Humanities Faculty at Manouba University (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Prime Minister Hamadi Je- Hotel Harchani Bar (2012 - bali (2012 - 2013) Tunisia 2012) Tunisia Pro-Ennahda Party Gang Illegal Alcohol Sellers (2013 - 2013) Tunisia (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Pro-government protesters Independent Media Au- (2011 - 2011) Tunisia thority (2012 - 2012) Tunisia

695 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Provincial Government Islamic extremists (2015 - (2012 - 2012) Tunisia 2015) Tunisia Provisional government Islamic Militants (2013 - (2011 - 2011) Tunisia 2013) Tunisia RCD members (2011 - Islamic Terrorists (2013 - 2011) Tunisia 2013) Tunisia Regional Government Islamist extremists (2014 - (2012 - 2012) Tunisia 2014) Tunisia regional government head- Islamist protesters (2013 - quarters (2014 - 2014) 2014) Tunisia Tunisia Regional Governor (2012 - Islamist Terrorists (2013 - 2012) Tunisia 2013) Tunisia Republican Party (2012 - Islamists (2011 - 2011) 2012) Tunisia Tunisia Security Forces (2012 - Ismail Haniyeh, a Top 2012) Tunisia Hamas Oﬃcial (2012 - 2012) Tunisia security forces (2014 - Israel (2002 - 2009) Tunisia 2015) Tunisia Security forces (2015 - Jewish synagogue (2002 - 2015) Tunisia 2002) Tunisia Students Supporting jihadists (2014 - 2014) Ennadha (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Tunisia Supporters of Islamist En- Jobless graduates (2012 - nahda Party (2012 - 2012) 2012) Tunisia Tunisia The National Guard (2012 Journalists (2000 - 2012) - 2012) Tunisia Tunisia Tunisia’s Constitutional Journalists from Essabah Assembly (2012 - 2012) and Le Temps (2012 - Tunisia 2012) Tunisia Tunisian army (2011 - Jridia clan (2011 - 2011) 2011) Tunisia Tunisia Tunisian Army (2013 - Judges (2011 - 2011) 2013) Tunisia Tunisia Tunisian Government judges (2014 - 2015) (2013 - 2013) Tunisia Tunisia Tunisian Justice Ministry Kamel Gadgadhi, alleged (2013 - 2013) Tunisia terrorists (2014 - 2014) Tunisia Tunisian Justice System Khaled Ben Hamadi (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Chaieb (2015 - 2015) Tunisia

696 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Tunisian Police (2013 - Labor Unions (1991 - 1991) 2013) Tunisia Tunisia Tunisian Police Station Landmine (2015 - 2015) (2013 - 2013) Tunisia Tunisia Tunisian Security Forces Lawyers (2002 - 2011) (2013 - 2013) Tunisia Tunisia Tunisian Security Forces League for the Protection Union (2012 - 2012) of the Revolution (2012 - Tunisia 2012) Tunisia Leftist Student Union Members (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Legislators (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Liberals (2011 - 2011) Tunisia Libya (2011 - 2011) Tunisia Libyans (1998 - 1998) Tunisia Local Labor Union (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Lofti Abdelli Comedy Show (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Lofti Touati, Dar Ess- abah Director (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Lorry drivers (2011 - 2011) Tunisia Makhtar residents (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Manouba University (2011 - 2011) Tunisia Manouba University Stu- dents (2013 - 2013) Tunisia Masked Men (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Medical Sector Employees (2012 - 2012) Tunisia militant relatives (2014 - 2014) Tunisia militants (2014 - 2014) Tunisia Mohammed Ali Snoussi (2014 - 2014) Tunisia Municipal Workers (2012 - 2012) Tunisia

697 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Muslims (2012 - 2012) Tunisia National Constituent Assembly (2014 - 2014) Tunisia National Council for Free- doms in Tunisia (2004 - 2004) Tunisia National Journalists’ Union (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Nessma TV (2011 - 2011) Tunisia Nidaa Tounes (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Oasis Residents (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Opponents of Muammar Khaddafy (2011 - 2011) Tunisia Opposition Activists (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Opposition Figures (2013 - 2013) Tunisia Oppositionists (2005 - 2005) Tunisia Ouled Bouahia clan (2011 - 2011) Tunisia Palestinians (2000 - 2000) Tunisia PLO (1991 - 1991) Tunisia President Obama (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Prisoners (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Pro-Syrian Demonstrators (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Professors (2011 - 2011) Tunisia public company (2014 - 2014) Tunisia Radical Islamist Groups (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Radical Islamists (2012 - 2012) Tunisia

698 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Refugees (2011 - 2011) Tunisia relatives of alleged jihadists (2014 - 2014) Tunisia Residents (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Residents of Ras Ajdir (2011 - 2011) Tunisia Riadh Palm Hotel (2013 - 2013) Tunisia Ridha Charfeddine (2015 - 2015) Tunisia Rights Activists (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Riu Imperial Marhaba Ho- tel (2015 - 2015) Tunisia Saida Manoubia Sufi Shrine (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Salafist Islamists (2014 - 2014) Tunisia Salafist Militants (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Salafist Muslims (2013 - 2013) Tunisia Salafists (2012 - 2013) Tunisia Salah Belaid, Father of Slain Opposition figure (2013 - 2013) Tunisia shops (2014 - 2014) Tunisia Soccer fans (1999 - 2004) Tunisia solders (2014 - 2014) Tunisia soldier (2014 - 2015) Tunisia Soldiers (2011 - 2011) Tunisia soldiers (2014 - 2014) Tunisia Street Vendors (2013 - 2013) Tunisia Students (2000 - 2012) Tunisia

699 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Sub-Saharan African students (2015 - 2015) Tunisia supporters of Meriem Ben Mohamed (2014 - 2014) Tunisia suspected Islamic extremists (2015 - 2015) Tunisia suspected Islamic militants (2015 - 2015) Tunisia Taxi driver (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Teachers (2011 - 2012) Tunisia terrorist group (2014 - 2014) Tunisia terrorists (2014 - 2014) Tunisia Tourism Sector Workers (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Tourists (2007 - 2007) Tunisia tourists (2015 - 2015) Tunisia Tribal factions (2011 - 2011) Tunisia Tunis airport (2011 - 2011) Tunisia Tunis Courts (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Tunis Military Tribunal (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Tunisia’s Central Court (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Tunisian Couple (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Tunisian embassy workers (2015 - 2015) Tunisia Tunisian General Labor Union (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Tunisian Journalists (2013 - 2013) Tunisia Tunisian Judges’ Union (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Tunisian Media (2012 - 2012) Tunisia

700 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Tunisian woman (2015 - 2015) Tunisia Tunisian Women’s Rights groups (2013 - 2013) Tunisia Tunisians (2015 - 2015) Tunisia UGTT (2011 - 2011) Tunisia UGTT headquarters (2014 - 2014) Tunisia UGTT Trade Union (2013 - 2013) Tunisia UGTT trade union (2003 - 2003) Tunisia Ultraconservative Islamist Groups (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Unemployed man (2011 - 2011) Tunisia Unemployed Protesters (2012 - 2012) Tunisia unemployed protesters (2014 - 2014) Tunisia Unemployed Tunisian (2013 - 2013) Tunisia unemployed youth (2014 - 2014) Tunisia United States (1991 - 2003) Tunisia United States Embassy (2012 - 2012) Tunisia University of Lome (2011 - 2011) Tunisia Unknown (1991 - 2015) Tunisia Unknown assailants (2011 - 2011) Tunisia Unknown bombers (2013 - 2013) Tunisia Unknown Gunman (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Unknown gunmen (2013 - 2013) Tunisia unknown gunmen (2015 - 2015) Tunisia

701 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unknown Salaﬁst (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Unknown Suicide Bomber (2013 - 2013) Tunisia Wataniya Television (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Wissem Hani (2012 - 2012) Tunisia Women (2011 - 2011) Tunisia women (2014 - 2014) Tunisia Workers (2012 - 2012) Tunisia workers (2014 - 2014) Tunisia Would-be teachers (2011 - 2011) Tunisia Young Jobless Residents (2012 - 2012) Tunisia youth (2014 - 2014) Tunisia Youths (2011 - 2012) Tunisia

5.56 Tanzania

Government Challenger Civilian Other CCM party supporters Civic United Front de- Citizens (1995 - 2012) Tan- Afgem guards (2001 - 2001) (2005 - 2005) Tanzania tainees (1998 - 1998) Tan- zania Tanzania zania CCM supporters (2005 - Party for Democracy and Tanzanians (1991 - 1991) African Barrick Gold mine 2005) Tanzania Progress rally (2013 - 2013) Tanzania (2014 - 2014) Tanzania Tanzania Chadema party (2011 - Air traﬃc controllers (1992 2011) Tanzania - 1992) Tanzania Chama Cha Mapinduzi Al-Qaeda (1998 - 1998) party (2014 - 2014) Tanzania Tanzania CUF legislators (2000 - albino child (2015 - 2015) 2000) Tanzania Tanzania CUF members (2000 - albino man (2015 - 2015) 2000) Tanzania Tanzania CUF party supporters albino toddler (2015 - (2005 - 2005) Tanzania 2015) Tanzania

702 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other CUF supporters (2000 - albino woman (2014 - 2005) Tanzania 2014) Tanzania Government (1990 - 2012) Albinos (2013 - 2013) Tan- Tanzania zania opposition party members Alleged fraudulent voters (2014 - 2014) Tanzania (2005 - 2005) Tanzania Police (1996 - 2012) Tanza- alleged witch doctors (2014 nia - 2014) Tanzania Police station (2012 - 2012) alleged witches (2014 - Tanzania 2014) Tanzania police station (2015 - 2015) Anglican theater (2014 - Tanzania 2014) Tanzania Ruling CCM party sup- Asian-Tanzanians (1993 - porters (2004 - 2004) Tan- 1993) Tanzania zania Ruling party followers Attackers (2012 - 2012) (2000 - 2000) Tanzania Tanzania Ruling party supporters attackers (2014 - 2014) (2001 - 2001) Tanzania Tanzania Bars (2011 - 2011) Tanza- nia Burundi refugees (2002 - 2002) Tanzania Burundian rebels (2001 - 2001) Tanzania Burundian refugees (1997 - 1997) Tanzania Christian who urinated on Koran (2012 - 2012) Tan- zania Christians (2013 - 2013) Tanzania Creators of Darwin’s Nightmare (2006 - 2006) Tanzania Doctors Without Borders (1994 - 1995) Tanzania Elderly women (1999 - 1999) Tanzania Embassy bombing suspects (1999 - 1999) Tanzania Farmers (2000 - 2000) Tan- zania farmers (2014 - 2014) Tan- zania

703 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Gunmen (2015 - 2015) Tanzania Hutus (1994 - 1994) Tanza- nia ICTR (2001 - 2004) Tanza- nia Masai herdsmen (2014 - 2014) Tanzania men (2014 - 2014) Tanza- nia Miners (2000 - 2000) Tan- zania mosque (2014 - 2014) Tan- zania Muslim community (2004 - 2004) Tanzania Muslims (1992 - 2013) Tan- zania Mustapha Mahmoud Said Ahmed (1999 - 1999) Tan- zania National Bank of Commece (2002 - 2002) Tanzania NBC Bank workers (2002 - 2002) Tanzania North Mara Gold Mine (2012 - 2012) Tanzania Opposition legislators (2005 - 2005) Tanzania Opposition supporters (1995 - 2005) Tanzania Pastoralists (2000 - 2000) Tanzania Pendo Emmanuelle Nundi (2014 - 2014) Tanzania President Bush (2008 - 2008) Tanzania Raiders (2011 - 2011) Tan- zania Railway workers (1996 - 1996) Tanzania Refugee center (2001 - 2001) Tanzania Religious groups (2012 - 2012) Tanzania

704 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other restaurant for tourists and wealthy locals (2014 - 2014) Tanzania Richard Madirisha (2015 - 2015) Tanzania Rwandan genocide suspects (2001 - 2004) Tanzania Rwandan refugees (1996 - 1996) Tanzania Rwandan war criminals (1998 - 1998) Tanzania Small-scale miners (2001 - 2001) Tanzania Sonje tribesmen (2000 - 2000) Tanzania Students (1990 - 2004) Tanzania Tazara management (1996 - 1996) Tanzania U.S. Government (2003 - 2005) Tanzania Uamsho - group claiming to safeguard Islamic customs (2012 - 2012) Tanza- nia United Nations (1994 - 1998) Tanzania United States (2003 - 2003) Tanzania United States Embassy (1998 - 1998) Tanzania University lecturers (1998 - 1998) Tanzania University oﬃcials (1998 - 1998) Tanzania Unknown (1999 - 2015) Tanzania Unknown assailants (2004 - 2004) Tanzania Unknown bombers (2013 - 2014) Tanzania unknown bombers (2014 - 2014) Tanzania

705 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unknown Tanzanian attackers (2002 - 2002) Tan- zania Utility workers (2002 - 2002) Tanzania village mob (2014 - 2014) Tanzania villagers (2014 - 2014) Tan- zania Witchcraft Practitioners (2013 - 2014) Tanzania Youths (2005 - 2005) Tan- zania Zambians (2006 - 2006) Tanzania

5.57 Uganda

Government Challenger Civilian Other Democratic Party (2000 - Activists for Change (2011 Citizens (1994 - 2012) African Textile Mills (1993 2000) Uganda - 2011) Uganda Uganda - 1993) Uganda Ethnic Baganda MPs Al-Shabab (2010 - 2010) Civilians (2010 - 2010) African Youth Initiative (2009 - 2009) Uganda Uganda Uganda Network - youth group (2012 - 2012) Uganda Forum for Democratic Anti-government Ugandan citizens (2006 - Anti-gay protester (2011 - Change (2009 - 2009) protesters (2012 - 2012) 2006) Uganda 2011) Uganda Uganda Uganda Forum for Democratic Kizza Besigye (2011 - 2011) Bakonzo tribe (2014 - Change, Opposition Party Uganda 2014) Uganda (2013 - 2013) Uganda Government (1978 - 2012) Lord’s Resistance Army Basongora tribe (2014 - Uganda (2012 - 2012) Uganda 2014) Uganda government (2014 - 2015) LRA (1994 - 1994) Uganda Basongora tribe, Bamba Uganda tribe (2014 - 2014) Uganda Members of Parliament Opposition Coalition For Bugandan king (1996 - (2001 - 2003) Uganda God and My Country 1996) Uganda (4GC) (2013 - 2013) Uganda Military (2012 - 2012) Opposition protesters Business owners (2002 - Uganda (2011 - 2011) Uganda 2002) Uganda parliament (2014 - 2014) Protesters (2011 - 2011) Cattle raiders (2010 - 2010) Uganda Uganda Uganda Police (1998 - 2012) protesters (2015 - 2015) Children (2003 - 2003) Uganda Uganda Uganda Police oﬃcer (2015 - 2015) UPC supporters (2002 - Christians (2006 - 2006) Uganda 2002) Uganda Uganda 706 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other President Yoweri Museveni Various rebels (1978 - Church, Christian woman (2010 - 2010) Uganda 1978) Uganda (2014 - 2014) Uganda Security forces (2001 - Citizens of Asian descent 2001) Uganda (2007 - 2007) Uganda Uganda Young Democrats Congolese refugees (1998 - (2000 - 2000) Uganda 1998) Uganda Ugandan army (1996 - Doctors (1995 - 1996) 1996) Uganda Uganda Ugandan Government Edward Echwalu - journal- (2013 - 2013) Uganda ist (2012 - 2012) Uganda Ugandan Police (2013 - Environmentalists (2003 - 2013) Uganda 2003) Uganda Federalism critics (1995 - 1995) Uganda Federalism supporters (1995 - 1995) Uganda Female opposition activist (2012 - 2012) Uganda Foreign tourists (1999 - 1999) Uganda FUFA oﬃcials (2001 - 2001) Uganda Gay activist (2011 - 2011) Uganda Gay rights activists (2008 - 2008) Uganda Gunmen (2015 - 2015) Uganda Health workers (2008 - 2008) Uganda Hutu extremists (1996 - 1996) Uganda International Rescue Committee (2010 - 2010) Uganda Joan Kagezi (2015 - 2015) Uganda Jobless Brotherhood Group (2014 - 2014) Uganda journalists (2015 - 2015) Uganda Junior doctors (1994 - 1994) Uganda Kakira Sugar Company (1991 - 1991) Uganda

707 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Karimojong warriors (2009 - 2009) Uganda Kenyan villagers (1997 - 1997) Uganda Lawyers (2011 - 2011) Uganda Lecturers (2006 - 2006) Uganda Lynch mob (2011 - 2011) Uganda Makerere University (2014 - 2014) Uganda Maternal mortality (2011 - 2011) Uganda Merchants (1996 - 1996) Uganda Muslim youths (1991 - 1991) Uganda Muslims (2014 - 2014) Uganda Opposition members (2001 - 2001) Uganda Opposition supporters (2001 - 2012) Uganda Qaddaﬁ supporters (2011 - 2011) Uganda Rwandan rebels (1999 - 1999) Uganda search team (2014 - 2014) Uganda Shopkeepers (2012 - 2012) Uganda Soccer players (2001 - 2001) Uganda Soldiers (2001 - 2006) Uganda Students (1996 - 2005) Uganda Sudanese POWs (1998 - 1998) Uganda Sudanese refugees (2003 - 2003) Uganda Sudanese Toposa tribe cattle rustlers (2004 - 2004) Uganda

708 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Sugar workers (1991 - 1991) Uganda suspected murderer (2014 - 2014) Uganda Taxi drivers (1998 - 1998) Uganda Teachers (2008 - 2008) Uganda Textile workers (1993 - 2003) Uganda Thief (2011 - 2011) Uganda Traditional ruler supporters (2009 - 2009) Uganda Truck driver (1998 - 1998) Uganda Truck drivers (2001 - 2001) Uganda Ugandan Jie (2004 - 2004) Uganda Ugandan Journalists (2013 - 2013) Uganda Ugandan judges (2007 - 2007) Uganda Ugandan lawyers (2005 - 2005) Uganda Ugandan Muslims (2005 - 2008) Uganda Ugandan traders (2005 - 2005) Uganda Ugandan tribesmen (1997 - 1997) Uganda United Nations (1998 - 1998) Uganda United States (2011 - 2011) Uganda University lecturers (1994 - 1996) Uganda university students (2014 - 2014) Uganda witchcraft observer (2014 - 2014) Uganda Women (2011 - 2011) Uganda Women activists (2012 - 2012) Uganda

709 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other young girl (2014 - 2014) Uganda Youths (1996 - 1996) Uganda

5.58 South Africa

Government Challenger Civilian Other African Christian Demo- Act Up (2000 - 2000) South Citizen (2012 - 2012) South 17-year-old girl (2012 - cratic Party members Africa Africa 2012) South Africa (2012 - 2012) South Africa African National Congress Afrikaner Resistance citizen (2014 - 2014) South A lone guman (2010 - 2010) (1990 - 2012) South Africa Movement (1990 - 1994) Africa South Africa South Africa African National Congress Afrikaner Volksfront (1993 Citizens (1993 - 2012) Accused witches (1999 - (ANC) (2015 - 2015) South - 1993) South Africa South Africa 2005) South Africa Africa African National Congress AMCU (2013 - 2014) South Citzens (2012 - 2012) Action Stop Robbery and headquarters (2012 - 2012) Africa South Africa Murder (2001 - 2001) South Africa South Africa African National Congress ANC dissidents (2008 - Civilians (1991 - 2010) Activists (1990 - 1990) supporters (1991 - 2012) 2008) South Africa South Africa South Africa South Africa African National Congress Anti-apartheid protesters civilians (2015 - 2015) AgriWes-Cape - group that Women’s League (1990 - (1990 - 1990) South Africa South Africa represents farmers (2012 - 1990) South Africa 2012) South Africa ANC (1990 - 2011) South Anti-War Coalition (2003 - AIDS activists (2003 - Africa 2003) South Africa 2003) South Africa ANC activists (1994 - Anti war protesters (2003 - AIDS victim (1998 - 1998) 2014) South Africa 2003) South Africa South Africa ANC campaign staﬀ mem- APLA supporters (1994 - Alexandra Civic Organiza- ber (2014 - 2014) South 1994) South Africa tion (1990 - 1990) South Africa Africa ANC gunmen (1992 - 1992) Azanian National Libera- Amalgamated Beverage In- South Africa tion Army (1992 - 1992) dustries Ltd. (1994 - 1994) South Africa South Africa ANC militants (1992 - Azanian People’s Libera- Amy Biehl (1993 - 1993) 1992) South Africa tion Army (1992 - 1994) South Africa South Africa ANC mourners (1991 - Black rioters (1990 - 1990) Anglican bishops (2000 - 1991) South Africa South Africa 2001) South Africa ANC party (2014 - 2014) Boer Republican Army Anglo-American Platinum South Africa (1993 - 1993) South Africa (1996 - 2000) South Africa ANC supporters (1990 - Bophuthatswana govern- Anglo American Platinum 2008) South Africa ment (1990 - 1994) South (2012 - 2013) South Africa Africa

710 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other ANC supporters (Xhosas) Bophuthatswana soldiers Anglo American Platinum (1991 - 1991) South Africa (1994 - 1994) South Africa miner (2014 - 2014) South Africa ANC Youth League (2011 - Ciskei army (1990 - 1990) AngloGold Ashanti (2012 - 2011) South Africa South Africa 2012) South Africa Army troops (1993 - 1993) Ciskei government (1990 - AngloGold Ashanti mine South Africa 1994) South Africa (2012 - 2012) South Africa Bhayi Mehlonkomo (2014 - Ciskei military oﬃcers Anti-Eviction Campaign 2014) South Africa (1991 - 1991) South Africa (2005 - 2005) South Africa Black police (1995 - 1995) Democratic Alliance Anti-Obama protesters South Africa marchers (2014 - 2014) (2013 - 2013) South Africa South Africa Black workers supporting demonstrators (2015 - Anti-Privatization Forum the ANC (1990 - 1990) 2015) South Africa (2002 - 2002) South Africa South Africa Boer Republican Party Eugene Terre’Blanche Anti-tax protesters (1991 - (1991 - 1991) South Africa (2004 - 2010) South Africa 1991) South Africa Bophuthatswana residents Landless People’s Move- Anti drug protesters (2007 (1994 - 1994) South Africa ment (2002 - 2002) South - 2007) South Africa Africa Chief minister Hudson Landless South Africans Apartheid (2006 - 2006) Ntasanwiki (1990 - 1990) (2001 - 2001) South Africa South Africa South Africa Chris Hani (1993 - 1993) Malema supporters (2014 - Apartheid era police min- South Africa 2014) South Africa ister (2007 - 2007) South Africa City government (2002 - PAGAD (2000 - 2000) Apartment tenants (2011 - 2002) South Africa South Africa 2011) South Africa City governments (1994 - People Against Gangster- Aquarius Platinum (2012 - 1994) South Africa ism and Drugs (1996 - 2012) South Africa 1999) South Africa Civil servants (1990 - 1994) Protesters (1990 - 2011) Armed gang (1993 - 1996) South Africa South Africa South Africa Civil service unions (2010 - protesters (2014 - 2015) Armed gangs (1997 - 2000) 2010) South Africa South Africa South Africa Communist party support- Qibla (1998 - 2000) South Armed groups (1991 - ers (1997 - 1997) South Africa 1991) South Africa Africa Congress of the People Quds Support Committee Armed men (1990 - 1999) (2009 - 2009) South Africa (2000 - 2000) South Africa South Africa Conservative Party (1990 - South African Unemployed Armed whites (1990 - 1990) South Africa People’s Movement (2009 - 1990) South Africa 2009) South Africa Defense Minister Nosiviwe Supporters of Jacob Zuma Arrested mine workers Noluthando Mapisa- (2006 - 2008) South Africa (2012 - 2012) South Africa Nqakula (2012 - 2012) South Africa

711 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Democratic Alliance (2004 Venda government (1990 - arsonists (2014 - 2014) - 2006) South Africa 1990) South Africa South Africa Democratic Alliance (DA) White members of Art gallery (2012 - 2012) - opposition party (2012 - Afrikaner Resistance South Africa 2012) South Africa Movement - far-right organization (2012 - 2012) South Africa Democratic Alliance sup- Assistant truck driver porters (2014 - 2015) South Gary Stewart (2012 - Africa 2012) South Africa Democratic Party (1992 - Associated Press (1994 - 1992) South Africa 1994) South Africa Economic Freedom Fight- Association of Minework- ers (2014 - 2014) South ers and Construction (2013 Africa - 2013) South Africa Government (1990 - 2012) Association of Minework- South Africa ers and Construction Union (2012 - 2012) South Africa government (2014 - 2015) Atlatsa Resources Corpo- South Africa ration (2012 - 2012) South Africa Government of Bo- Attackers (2012 - 2012) phuthatswana (1991 - South Africa 1991) South Africa Government troops (1994 - attackers (2015 - 2015) 1994) South Africa South Africa IFP faction (1998 - 1998) attackers of immigrants South Africa (2015 - 2015) South Africa IFP oﬃcial (2005 - 2005) author (2015 - 2015) South South Africa Africa IFP supporters (1991 - Auto companies (Toyota, 2009) South Africa BMW, Nissan, Delta, Sam- cor, Nercedes Benz) (1991 - 1991) South Africa IFP supporters (Zulus) Auto manufacturers (1998 (1991 - 1991) South Africa - 1998) South Africa Inkatha Freedom Party Auto workers (1991 - 1992) (1990 - 2002) South Africa South Africa Inkatha Freedom Party Automobile Manufaturers supporters (1992 - 1994) Employers Organization South Africa (2001 - 2006) South Africa Inkatha youth wing (1994 - Azanian Youth Organiza- 1994) South Africa tion (AZAYO) (1992 - 1992) South Africa Jacob Zuma’s supporters Bafokeng South mine (1991 (2005 - 2006) South Africa - 1991) South Africa

712 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Jacob Zuma (2006 - 2008) Banks (2000 - 2000) South South Africa Africa Julius Malema (2014 - Barclays (2005 - 2005) 2014) South Africa South Africa Local authorities (2009 - Basotho miners (1991 - 2009) South Africa 1991) South Africa Local government (2000 - Black activists (1990 - 2010) South Africa 1990) South Africa local government (2014 - Black children (1991 - 2014) South Africa 1991) South Africa local mayor, local oﬃcials, Black citizens (1993 - 2012) police, businesses (2014 - South Africa 2014) South Africa Magistrate (2000 - 2000) Black commuters (1993 - South Africa 1993) South Africa Medicines Control Coun- Black demonstrators (1990 cil, Department of Health - 1998) South Africa (2005 - 2005) South Africa Members of African Na- Black factions (1990 - tional Congress (ANC) 1998) South Africa Women’s League (2012 - 2012) South Africa Municipal government Black farmers (2001 - 2001) (2008 - 2010) South Africa South Africa Municipal governments Black Gun Owners Associ- (2005 - 2011) South Africa ation (2004 - 2004) South Africa Municiple government Black gunmen (1993 - (2006 - 2006) South Africa 1994) South Africa New National Party (1999 Black men (1990 - 1990) - 1999) South Africa South Africa Opposition party (2000 - Black miners (1991 - 1992) 2000) South Africa South Africa opposition party member black National Union of (2014 - 2014) South Africa Mineworkers (1990 - 1990) South Africa Pan Africanist Congress Black parents (1996 - 1996) (1993 - 1993) South Africa South Africa Pan Africanist Congress Black protesters (1990 - supporters (1993 - 1998) 2005) South Africa South Africa Parliament (1995 - 1995) Black soldier (1999 - 1999) South Africa South Africa Parliamentary staﬀ (1995 - Black students (1995 - 1996) South Africa 2008) South Africa

713 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Police (1990 - 2012) South Black teachers (1990 - Africa 1990) South Africa police (2014 - 2015) South Black university students Africa (1996 - 1996) South Africa President FW De Klerk Black workers (1993 - (1993 - 1994) South Africa 1993) South Africa President Jacob Zuma Black youth (1991 - 1991) (2014 - 2014) South Africa South Africa President Nelson Mandela Blacks (1990 - 2010) South (1994 - 1994) South Africa Africa President Zuma (2015 - Bombela - operator of 2015) South Africa high-speed train Gautrain (2012 - 2012) South Africa Provincial government bombers (2015 - 2015) (2006 - 2006) South Africa South Africa Sam Ntulu (1991 - 1991) Bottling plant workers South Africa (1994 - 1994) South Africa Sasolburg Police (2013 - Brewery Workers (2013 - 2013) South Africa 2013) South Africa Security guards (1994 - British embassy (1990 - 1998) South Africa 1990) South Africa Siya Dlamini - opposition British High Commission Inkatha Freedom Party (2012 - 2012) South Africa (IFP) member (2012 - 2012) South Africa South Africa (1993 - 1993) Broadcast workers (2009 - South Africa 2009) South Africa South African Communist Bus drivers (2009 - 2012) Party (2000 - 2006) South South Africa Africa South African Government Cape Town and Durban (2013 - 2013) South Africa port operations (2001 - 2001) South Africa UDM politician (1999 - Cattle rustlers (1999 - 1999) South Africa 1999) South Africa UDM supporters (1999 - Chamber of Mines (1999 - 2000) South Africa 2007) South Africa Umkhonto we Sizwe mem- Chemical, Energy, Paper, bers (1994 - 1994) South Printing, Wood and Al- Africa lied Workers Union (CEP- PWAWU) (2011 - 2011) South Africa Western Cape parliament Chemical, Energy, Paper, (2000 - 2000) South Africa Printing, Wood, and Al- lied Workers’ Union (2007 - 2007) South Africa

714 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other White police (1995 - 1995) Children (1994 - 1994) South Africa South Africa White police oﬃcers (1990 Chinese (1999 - 1999) - 1990) South Africa South Africa Xhosa ANC supporters Chinese anti-crime advo- (1992 - 1992) South Africa cate (1999 - 1999) South Africa Xhosa supporters of the Christian churches (1993 - African National Congress 1993) South Africa (1990 - 1990) South Africa Xhosas (ANC) (1990 - civil society organizations 1991) South Africa (2015 - 2015) South Africa Zulu Inkatha Freedom Coal miners (2012 - 2012) Party movement (1990 - South Africa 1990) South Africa Zulu Inkatha Freedom Coal of Africa (2012 - 2012) Party supporters (1992 - South Africa 1992) South Africa Zulus (Inkatha movement) College students (1991 - (1990 - 1990) South Africa 1991) South Africa Zulus (Ithanka movement) Communications Workers (1990 - 1991) South Africa Union (1999 - 2009) South Africa Community policing group (2002 - 2002) South Africa Commuters (1993 - 2005) South Africa Congolese immigrants (2012 - 2012) South Africa Congolese opposition supporters (2011 - 2011) South Africa Congress of South Africa Trade Unions (COSATU) (2012 - 2012) South Africa Congress of South African Trade Unions (1990 - 1990) South Africa conservation groups (2015 - 2015) South Africa Construction workers (2007 - 2011) South Africa COSATU (1992 - 2008) South Africa COSATU supporters (1991 - 1997) South Africa

715 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Court (2012 - 2012) South Africa Courthouse (2000 - 2000) South Africa Courts (2012 - 2012) South Africa Cousin of National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) shop steward (2012 - 2012) South Africa Criminal suspects (1999 - 1999) South Africa Dalits (2001 - 2001) South Africa Daluvuyo Bongo - local branch secretary of Na- tional Union of Minework- ers at Western Platinum (2012 - 2012) South Africa Denmark (2006 - 2006) South Africa Department store employees (1998 - 1998) South Africa Dex Kotze (2014 - 2014) South Africa Dlamini clans (1993 - 1993) South Africa Doctors (2009 - 2009) South Africa Domestic violence (1996 - 2000) South Africa Doornfontein mine (1992 - 1992) South Africa DRC (2011 - 2011) South Africa Drug dealers (1996 - 2007) South Africa Drug gangs (1998 - 1998) South Africa Drug lord (1996 - 1996) South Africa Eastern Platinum (2009 - 2009) South Africa Edgars department store (1998 - 1998) South Africa

716 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Egypt (2011 - 2011) South Africa Election workers (1994 - 1994) South Africa Electrical worker unions (2001 - 2001) South Africa English cricket team (1990 - 1990) South Africa Eskom (2001 - 2001) South Africa Eskom power company (2015 - 2015) South Africa Ethiopia’s Coalition for Unity and Democracy (2007 - 2007) South Africa Ethiopia (2007 - 2007) South Africa ex-colonel Patrick Karegeya (2014 - 2014) South Africa exiled Rwandan general Faustin Kayumba Nyamwasa (2014 - 2014) South Africa Exiled Zimbabweans (2007 - 2007) South Africa Exxaro Coal Company (2013 - 2013) South Africa Families of arrested miners (2012 - 2012) South Africa Families of mercenaries (2004 - 2004) South Africa Families of Slain Miners (2013 - 2013) South Africa Family (1998 - 1998) South Africa Farm employees (2010 - 2010) South Africa Farm employers (2012 - 2012) South Africa Farm workers (2012 - 2012) South Africa Farmers (2012 - 2012) South Africa Feeder-bus drivers (2012 - 2012) South Africa

717 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Food and Allied Workers Union (2014 - 2014) South Africa Forbes & Manhattan Coal (2012 - 2012) South Africa foreign-owned shops (2014 - 2014) South Africa Foreign migrants (2008 - 2008) South Africa Foreign powers (1999 - 2001) South Africa foreign shopkeeper (2015 - 2015) South Africa foreign shops (2015 - 2015) South Africa Foreigners (1995 - 2008) South Africa Fort Hare University (2013 - 2013) South Africa Fort Hare Univesity Stu- dents (2013 - 2013) South Africa Friends of Jacob Zuma Trust (2006 - 2006) South Africa Friends of Zimbabwe (2000 - 2000) South Africa Funeral goers (1999 - 1999) South Africa Gangs (1998 - 2003) South Africa gangs (2015 - 2015) South Africa gay-friendly mosque (2014 - 2014) South Africa Gays and lesbians (1996 - 1996) South Africa General Motors (2013 - 2013) South Africa Genmin mining company (1992 - 1992) South Africa George Mbele (1994 - 1994) South Africa Gold Fields company (1991 - 1991) South Africa

718 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Gold Fields gold mine (2012 - 2012) South Africa Gold Fields International (2012 - 2012) South Africa Gold Fields of South Africa co. (1995 - 2005) South Africa Gold mine workers (2012 - 2012) South Africa Gold One - mining company (2012 - 2012) South Africa Gold One International mine workers (2012 - 2012) South Africa Golden Arrow bus company (2000 - 2000) South Africa Golden Falls diamond mine (2008 - 2008) South Africa Great Britain (1999 - 1999) South Africa Greenpeace (2002 - 2002) South Africa Grocery store employees (2005 - 2005) South Africa Group of males (2012 - 2012) South Africa Guide a Nation (2011 - 2011) South Africa Gunmen (1991 - 2012) South Africa Hard Livings Leader (1999 - 1999) South Africa Harmony Gold (2012 - 2012) South Africa Harmony Gold Company (2013 - 2013) South Africa Herstigte Nasionale Party (1999 - 1999) South Africa Hezbollah supporters (2006 - 2006) South Africa High school students (1999 - 2012) South Africa Highveld Steel (2001 - 2001) South Africa

719 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other HIV positive prisoners (2006 - 2006) South Africa Homosexual man (2012 - 2012) South Africa Hospital administrators (1995 - 1995) South Africa Hospital workers (1992 - 1992) South Africa Human rights activists (2009 - 2009) South Africa illegal immigrants (2015 - 2015) South Africa Illegal miners (2010 - 2010) South Africa Imala Platinum Mines (1996 - 1996) South Africa Immigrants (2010 - 2010) South Africa immigrants (2015 - 2015) South Africa Impala Platinum - platinum mining company (2012 - 2012) South Africa Impala Platinum Ltd. (1991 - 2009) South Africa Impala Platinum workers (2012 - 2012) South Africa Implats Platinum Mining Company (2013 - 2013) South Africa Indonesia (1997 - 1999) South Africa Injured mine worker (2012 - 2012) South Africa International Monetary Fund (2000 - 2000) South Africa Investors (2000 - 2000) South Africa Iranian Ba’hai worshippers (1994 - 1994) South Africa Iscor mining company (1992 - 1992) South Africa Israel (1993 - 2006) South Africa

720 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Johan Heyns (1994 - 1994) South Africa Johannesburg Anti- privatization Forum (2000 - 2000) South Africa Johannesburg provincial legislature (2014 - 2014) South Africa Joseph Kabila - President of Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (2012 - 2012) South Africa Joseph Nduli (1995 - 1995) South Africa Junior Doctors Association (2004 - 2004) South Africa Kayumba Nyamwasa (2010 - 2010) South Africa Koppies Action Committee (1993 - 1993) South Africa Kumba Iron Ore (2012 - 2012) South Africa Local court (1993 - 1993) South Africa Local gangsters (2013 - 2013) South Africa Local high school (1998 - 1998) South Africa Local mine (2010 - 2010) South Africa local people (2014 - 2014) South Africa Lonmin mine (2014 - 2014) South Africa Lonmin mine protesters (2014 - 2014) South Africa Lonmin PLC (2012 - 2012) South Africa Lonmin PLC mine (2012 - 2012) South Africa looters (2015 - 2015) South Africa lynch mob (2015 - 2015) South Africa

721 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Mangete subsistence farmers (2001 - 2001) South Africa Mangosuthu Technikon , (1999 - 1999) South Africa Mapamulo Taxi Associa- tion (2003 - 2003) South Africa Maximum Correctional Centre in Groenpunt (2013 - 2013) South Africa Mbombela Stadium Joint Venture (2009 - 2009) South Africa Mbombeni tribe (1997 - 1997) South Africa McDonalds (2000 - 2000) South Africa Meadowlands-Dube North Taxi Association (1998 - 1998) South Africa Members of Association of Mineworkers and Con- struction Union (AMCU) (2012 - 2012) South Africa Members of mine unions (2012 - 2012) South Africa Members of National Union of Mines (NUM) (2012 - 2012) South Africa Members of the People Against Gangsterism and Drugs (2000 - 2000) South Africa metals and engineering ﬁrms (2014 - 2014) South Africa Metals employers (2004 - 2004) South Africa Metrorail (2005 - 2006) South Africa Mgubevu tribe (1999 - 1999) South Africa Militant white nationalist (1993 - 1993) South Africa Mine guards (2010 - 2010) South Africa

722 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Mine workers (2012 - 2012) South Africa Mine workers at Karee mine (2012 - 2012) South Africa Miner (2012 - 2012) South Africa Miners (1991 - 2012) South Africa Miners working for Impala Platinum (2012 - 2012) South Africa Mineworkers Union (2000 - 2000) South Africa mining companies (2015 - 2015) South Africa Mining contractors (2012 - 2012) South Africa Ministry of Trade and In- dustry (2012 - 2012) South Africa Missing Children South Africa (2007 - 2007) South Africa Mixed race famers (2001 - 2001) South Africa MMSV Productions (2014 - 2014) South Africa Mnguni clans (1993 - 1993) South Africa Mob (1995 - 2001) South Africa mob (2014 - 2014) South Africa Mooiplaats coal mine (2012 - 2012) South Africa Movement for Democratic Change (2003 - 2008) South Africa Mozambican migrant (2008 - 2008) South Africa Mozambican miners (2000 - 2000) South Africa Mpondweni tribe (1997 - 1997) South Africa

723 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Municipal councillor (2006 - 2006) South Africa Municipal workers (2010 - 2010) South Africa murder suspects (2014 - 2014) South Africa Murderers (1993 - 2007) South Africa Muslim Judicial Council (2006 - 2006) South Africa Muslim protesters (1991 - 2000) South Africa Muslim South Africans (2001 - 2001) South Africa Muslims (2000 - 2000) South Africa Muslims Against Global Oppression (1998 - 1999) South Africa National Education Health and Allies Workers Union (2015 - 2015) South Africa National Medical and Den- tal Association (1991 - 1991) South Africa National Party supporters (1994 - 1994) South Africa National Peace Day (1994 - 1994) South Africa National Peacekeeping Force (1994 - 1994) South Africa National Peacekeeping Force instructors (1994 - 1994) South Africa National Petroleum Em- ployers Association (2007 - 2007) South Africa National Taxi Drivers Or- ganization (2001 - 2001) South Africa National Unemployed Workers Coordinating Committee (1990 - 1990) South Africa

724 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other National Union of Metal Workers (2013 - 2014) South Africa National Union of Metal Workers of South Africa (NUMSA) (2015 - 2015) South Africa National Union of Met- alworkers (1998 - 2009) South Africa National Union of Metal- workers of South Africa (NUMSA) (2015 - 2015) South Africa National Union of Mineworkers (1996 - 2013) South Africa National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) (2015 - 2015) South Africa National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) branch chairperson (2012 - 2012) South Africa National Union of Tech- nikon Employees (1999 - 1999) South Africa Nelson Mandela (1994 - 1994) South Africa Nico Malan Theater (1993 - 1993) South Africa Nigeria (1995 - 1995) South Africa non-striking mineworker (2014 - 2014) South Africa None (1994 - 1994) South Africa Northam Platinum (2001 - 2001) South Africa Nuclear power (2002 - 2002) South Africa NUM (2013 - 2013) South Africa NUM members (2014 - 2014) South Africa NUMSA (2014 - 2014) South Africa

725 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Nurses (1995 - 1995) South Africa Oil reﬁnery (2002 - 2002) South Africa Oil stations (1993 - 1993) South Africa Olympic Committee (1991 - 1991) South Africa Onyx Mine (1999 - 1999) South Africa Opponents of youth subisidy (2012 - 2012) South Africa opposition lawmakers (2015 - 2015) South Africa Othame tribe (1999 - 1999) South Africa PA Sound Corp. (1992 - 1992) South Africa PAC supporters (1991 - 1998) South Africa Palestinian Solidarity Group (2004 - 2004) South Africa Park rangers (2012 - 2012) South Africa Paul Simon (1992 - 1992) South Africa People Opposing Women Abuse (2006 - 2006) South Africa Petmin - multi-commodity mining company (2012 - 2012) South Africa Petrol bomber (2012 - 2012) South Africa Pharmaceutical Society of South Africa (2004 - 2004) South Africa Philip Ndlovu (1993 - 1993) South Africa Pick’n Pay (2005 - 2008) South Africa

726 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Platinum companies (An- glo American Platinum, Impala Platinum, Lonmin) (2014 - 2014) South Africa Platinum mine workers (2012 - 2012) South Africa poaching (2015 - 2015) South Africa Police and Prisons Civil Rights Union (1993 - 1994) South Africa Political factions (1994 - 2002) South Africa Political prisoners (1991 - 1991) South Africa Political prisoners (Mafek- ing Anti-Repression Fo- rum) (1991 - 1991) South Africa Political violence (1993 - 1993) South Africa Poor blacks (2005 - 2009) South Africa postal workers (2014 - 2014) South Africa Poverty (1995 - 1995) South Africa President Obama (2013 - 2013) South Africa Pretoria East Boer (1993 - 1993) South Africa Prisoners (1990 - 2013) South Africa Private employers (2005 - 2010) South Africa Private sector employers (2007 - 2007) South Africa Private security industry (2006 - 2006) South Africa Pro-life demonstrators (1996 - 1996) South Africa Processing plant owners (1999 - 1999) South Africa Professional Transport Workers Union (1998 - 1998) South Africa

727 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Protesting Farmers (2013 - 2013) South Africa Protesting Miners (2013 - 2013) South Africa Public sector unions (2004 - 2007) South Africa Railway and Harbor Work- ers Union (1995 - 1995) South Africa Railway workers (1999 - 1999) South Africa Rampaging mobs (2008 - 2008) South Africa Randgold (1993 - 1993) South Africa Rapists (2001 - 2001) South Africa Rasheid Staggie (1998 - 1998) South Africa Rea Vaya bus line (2012 - 2012) South Africa Regional trade unions (2008 - 2008) South Africa Residents (1990 - 2000) South Africa residents (2014 - 2014) South Africa Residents Association controlled by the opposition party (2001 - 2001) South Africa Right wing assailants (1990 - 1990) South Africa Right wing bombers (1994 - 1994) South Africa Right wing extremists (1990 - 1992) South Africa Right wing groups (1991 - 1991) South Africa Right wing militants (1993 - 1994) South Africa Right wing whites (1994 - 1994) South Africa Rioters (2001 - 2010) South Africa

728 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Rival faction (2000 - 2000) South Africa Road Freight Employers Association (1998 - 1998) South Africa Royal Bafokeng Platinum (2012 - 2012) South Africa Russia (2000 - 2000) South Africa Rwandan Embassy (2014 - 2014) South Africa Rwandan government (2014 - 2014) South Africa SABMillers Brewing Com- pany (2013 - 2013) South Africa Samancor Chrome (2012 - 2012) South Africa Sasolburg Citizens (2013 - 2013) South Africa School administration (1996 - 1996) South Africa School children (1998 - 1998) South Africa School principal (1999 - 1999) South Africa Security industry employers (1998 - 2000) South Africa Sex crimes (2011 - 2011) South Africa Shangaan miners from Mozambique (1995 - 1995) South Africa shops (2014 - 2014) South Africa Sisi Khampepe - Consti- tutional Court judge, her family (2012 - 2012) South Africa Smugglers (1991 - 1991) South Africa Soap actors (2014 - 2014) South Africa Soccer fans (1991 - 2001) South Africa

729 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Soccer players (2000 - 2001) South Africa Soldiers (1993 - 2009) South Africa Somali migrants (2001 - 2008) South Africa Sotho migrant workers (1995 - 1995) South Africa Sothos (1996 - 1996) South Africa South Africa Transport Services (1990 - 1990) South Africa South African-Nigerian Democratic Support Group (1995 - 1995) South Africa South African Airways (2005 - 2005) South Africa South African Broadcast- ing Corporation (1990 - 2009) South Africa South African Chamber of Mines (1996 - 1996) South Africa South African Clothing and Textile Workers Union (1996 - 1996) South Africa South African Commercial, Catering and Allied Work- ers Union (1995 - 1995) South Africa South African Democratic Teachers Union (1991 - 2004) South Africa South African Federa- tion of Civil Engineering Contractors (2009 - 2009) South Africa South African Medical As- sociation (2011 - 2011) South Africa South African miners (2000 - 2000) South Africa

730 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other South African Motor In- dustry Employers Associa- tion (1998 - 1998) South Africa South African Municipal Workers Union (2005 - 2015) South Africa South African National Se- curity Employers Associa- tion (2006 - 2006) South Africa South African Pelagic Fish Processors Association (1999 - 1999) South Africa South African Prisoners Organization for Human Rights (SAPOHR) (1995 - 1995) South Africa South African Railway and Harbour Workers Union (1995 - 1995) South Africa South African residents (2001 - 2001) South Africa South African Students Congress (1997 - 1997) South Africa South African Transport and Allied Workers Union (2000 - 2010) South Africa South Africans of Por- tuguese descent (2000 - 2000) South Africa South West Joint Civics Association (1997 - 1997) South Africa South Western Civic Or- ganization (1994 - 1994) South Africa Squatters (1990 - 2011) South Africa Sri Lanka (1996 - 1996) South Africa Stadium workers (2010 - 2010) South Africa Stanger Taxi Association (2003 - 2003) South Africa

731 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other State housing project residents (2007 - 2007) South Africa State owned electricity company (2011 - 2011) South Africa Station chief (1993 - 1993) South Africa statues (2015 - 2015) South Africa Steel workers (2001 - 2001) South Africa Striking Anglo American Platinum miners (2012 - 2012) South Africa Striking coal miners (2012 - 2012) South Africa Striking Gold Fields’ mine workers (2012 - 2012) South Africa Striking gold miners (2012 - 2012) South Africa Striking Lonmin mine workers (2012 - 2012) South Africa Striking mine workers (2012 - 2012) South Africa Striking miners (2012 - 2012) South Africa striking miners (2014 - 2014) South Africa Striking transport workers (2012 - 2012) South Africa Striking truck drivers (2012 - 2012) South Africa Students (1993 - 2002) South Africa students (2015 - 2015) South Africa sugar producer companies (2014 - 2014) South Africa sugar workers (2014 - 2014) South Africa Sun City (1993 - 1993) South Africa

732 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Suspected drug dealers (1996 - 1996) South Africa Swaziland (1997 - 2008) South Africa Tamils (1996 - 1996) South Africa Tanzanian men and Rwan- dan man, backed by Rwan- dan government (2014 - 2014) South Africa Taxi drivers (1993 - 2010) South Africa taxi drivers (2015 - 2015) South Africa Taxi group (1990 - 1990) South Africa Taxi groups (1990 - 1990) South Africa Taxi passengers (1993 - 2000) South Africa Teachers (1999 - 1999) South Africa Telkom (2009 - 2009) South Africa Textile employers (1996 - 1996) South Africa The AIDS Consortium (1999 - 1999) South Africa Thieves (2010 - 2010) South Africa Township leaders (2004 - 2004) South Africa Township residents (2004 - 2004) South Africa Toyota (1992 - 1992) South Africa Toyota Boshoku (2012 - 2012) South Africa Toyota South Africa (2012 - 2012) South Africa Toyota workers (2012 - 2012) South Africa Train management (2001 - 2002) South Africa Trains (1990 - 1990) South Africa

733 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Transnet (1995 - 2010) South Africa Transport bargaining council (2012 - 2012) South Africa Transport sector employers (2012 - 2012) South Africa Transport workers (2006 - 2012) South Africa Transvaal Provincial Ad- ministration (1992 - 1992) South Africa Treatmen Action Cam- paign (2003 - 2003) South Africa Treatment Action Cam- paign (2003 - 2006) South Africa Truck drivers (2011 - 2012) South Africa Truck employers (2005 - 2005) South Africa Trucks (2012 - 2012) South Africa Two youths (2012 - 2012) South Africa Uber office (2015 - 2015) South Africa UN environment summit (2002 - 2002) South Africa UN Racism Conference (2001 - 2001) South Africa Unemployed South Africans (2013 - 2013) South Africa Unidentified Miners (2013 - 2013) South Africa Unidentified Prison Gang (2013 - 2013) South Africa Unilever (2014 - 2014) South Africa Union factions (2007 - 2007) South Africa union official (2014 - 2014) South Africa

734 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unions (2011 - 2011) South Africa Unions representing miners (2012 - 2012) South Africa United Association of South Africa (2005 - 2005) South Africa United Democratic Front (1990 - 1999) South Africa United Democratic Move- ment (1999 - 1999) South Africa United Democratic Move- ment supporters (1998 - 1998) South Africa United States (1991 - 2004) South Africa United Transport and Al- lied Trade Unions (2005 - 2005) South Africa United Workers Union (1996 - 1996) South Africa Univerisity of the Wit- watersrand (2007 - 2007) South Africa University (2012 - 2012) South Africa University of Durban- Westville (2000 - 2000) South Africa University of KwaZulu- Natal (2015 - 2015) South Africa University of South Africa (1995 - 1995) South Africa University students (1990 - 2007) South Africa Unknown (1990 - 1997) South Africa unknown (2014 - 2015) South Africa Unknown arsonists (1996 - 1996) South Africa Unknown attacker (2012 - 2012) South Africa

735 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Unknown attackers (1998 - 1999) South Africa unknown attackers (2014 - 2014) South Africa Unknown black faction (1997 - 1997) South Africa Unknown bombers (1993 - 2000) South Africa Unknown clan (1996 - 1996) South Africa Unknown factions (1995 - 1995) South Africa Unknown gunmen (1991 - 2003) South Africa Unknown Gunmen (2013 - 2013) South Africa Unknown Vigilantes (2013 - 2013) South Africa Unspecified (2012 - 2012) South Africa Unspecified citizens (2012 - 2012) South Africa Unspecified mob (1992 - 1992) South Africa Vaal University (2015 - 2015) South Africa Various industries (2011 - 2011) South Africa Via Campesina (2002 - 2002) South Africa Vigalante mobs (2010 - 2010) South Africa Vigilante group (2012 - 2012) South Africa Village Main Reef - gold producer (2012 - 2012) South Africa Village Main Reef Gold Mine (2013 - 2013) South Africa Volkswagon (2000 - 2000) South Africa Walter Sisulu University (2012 - 2012) South Africa

736 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Walter Sisulu University students (2012 - 2012) South Africa Warriors of the Boer Na- tion (2002 - 2002) South Africa Western Cape Anti- Eviction Campaign (2002 - 2002) South Africa White citizens (2012 - 2012) South Africa White civilians (1993 - 1993) South Africa White extremists (2002 - 2002) South Africa White farmer (1993 - 1998) South Africa White farmers (1997 - 1998) South Africa White militants (1993 - 1994) South Africa white Mine Workers Union (1990 - 1990) South Africa White motorist (1993 - 1993) South Africa White murderers (2005 - 2005) South Africa White pro-apartheid supporters (1990 - 1990) South Africa White radicals (1994 - 1994) South Africa White right wingers (1996 - 1996) South Africa White soldiers (1999 - 1999) South Africa White students (1995 - 2008) South Africa White university students (1996 - 1996) South Africa White youth (2008 - 2008) South Africa Whites (1990 - 2010) South Africa Willem Ratte (1996 - 1996) South Africa

737 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Women (1995 - 1997) South Africa Workers (1990 - 1996) South Africa World Health Organization (2000 - 2000) South Africa Xhosa mine workers (1990 - 1990) South Africa Xhosa miners (1991 - 1995) South Africa Xhosas (1990 - 1996) South Africa Xstrata Platinum (2012 - 2012) South Africa young men (2014 - 2014) South Africa Youths (1993 - 2005) South Africa Zambian soccer team (2012 - 2012) South Africa Zimbabwe (2001 - 2009) South Africa Zimbabwean activists (2002 - 2002) South Africa Zimbabwean immigrants (2002 - 2002) South Africa Zimbabwean man and woman (2015 - 2015) South Africa Zimbabwean migrants (2008 - 2008) South Africa Zimbabwean protesters (2005 - 2005) South Africa Zimbabwean residents (2001 - 2001) South Africa Zimbabweans (2001 - 2001) South Africa Zulu factions (1991 - 1991) South Africa Zulu mine workers (1990 - 1990) South Africa Zulu mob (1996 - 1996) South Africa Zulu nationalists (1996 - 1996) South Africa

738 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Zulu prince (1999 - 2003) South Africa Zulu royal family (1996 - 1996) South Africa Zululand Anthracite Col- liery (2005 - 2005) South Africa Zulus (1990 - 1996) South Africa Zwelinzima Vavi - general secretary of the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) (2012 - 2012) South Africa

5.59 Zambia

Government Challenger Civilian Other acting President Guy Scott Barotseland separatists Civilians (1990 - 2010) Angolan government (1999 (2014 - 2014) Zambia (2011 - 2011) Zambia Zambia - 1999) Zambia Anti-riot police (2015 - Black Mamba (1996 - 1996) Angolan raiders (1999 - 2015) Zambia Zambia 1999) Zambia Army (2012 - 2012) Zambia Oasis Forum (2005 - 2005) Asian Zambians (1995 - Zambia 1995) Zambia Central Government (2015 Opponents of the president Barrick Gold (2015 - 2015) - 2015) Zambia (2005 - 2005) Zambia Zambia Civil servants (1996 - 2003) protesters organized by op- Bible Gospel Church of Zambia position leaders (2002 - Africa (2013 - 2013) Zam- 2002) Zambia bia Civil Servants Union of Supporters of former Black Zambians (1995 - Zambia (1997 - 2001) Zam- president Kenneth Kaunda 1995) Zambia bia (1996 - 1997) Zambia Government (2009 - 2012) Supporters of Michael Sata Blind people (1994 - 1994) Zambia (2006 - 2008) Zambia Zambia government (2014 - 2014) Supporters of opposition Bus Drivers and Motor Zambia candidate Michael Sata Taxis Association (2001 - (2006 - 2006) Zambia 2001) Zambia Government lawyers (2006 Chambeshi Mines (2006 - - 2006) Zambia 2006) Zambia Magistrates (2005 - 2005) Chambishi Copper Smelter Zambia (2008 - 2008) Zambia Movement for Multi-Party Chambishi Mines (2008 - Democracy (1991 - 1991) 2008) Zambia Zambia

739 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Movement for Multi-party China (2005 - 2007) Zam- Democracy (1992 - 1992) bia Zambia Movement for Multi-party Coal miners (2012 - 2012) Democracy supporters Zambia (2001 - 2001) Zambia National Interim Commit- Collum Coal Mine (2010 - tee For Multiparty Democ- 2010) Zambia racy (1990 - 1990) Zambia National Opposition Al- Collum Coal Mining Indus- liance (1997 - 1997) Zam- tries Ltd. (2012 - 2012) bia Zambia Opposition parties (2004 - Congolese rebels (2000 - 2004) Zambia 2000) Zambia Opposition party support- Congolese soldiers (2000 - ers (2001 - 2006) Zambia 2000) Zambia Patriotic Front party sup- Consulate workers (2006 - porters (2015 - 2015) Zam- 2006) Zambia bia Patriotic Front Supporters, Corruption (2002 - 2002) Ruling Party (2013 - 2013) Zambia Zambia Police (1997 - 2011) Zam- Doctors (2006 - 2006) Zam- bia bia President Frederick DRC refugees (2001 - 2001) Chiluba (2000 - 2001) Zambia Zambia President Levy Election registration assis- Mwanawasa (2008 - tants (1995 - 1995) Zambia 2008) Zambia Regional government in environmentalists (2014 - Copperbelt province (2002 2014) Zambia - 2002) Zambia Rival party supporters Exclusive hotel (2008 - (1995 - 1995) Zambia 2008) Zambia Ruling party members football association (2014 - (2006 - 2006) Zambia 2014) Zambia Secretary General Edgar France (2006 - 2006) Zam- Lungu supporters (2014 - bia 2014) Zambia Supporters of Forum for Headmaster of the univer- Democracy and Develop- sity (2003 - 2003) Zambia ment (2001 - 2001) Zambia Supporters of Movement Hichilema activists (2015 - for Multiparty Democracy 2015) Zambia party (1991 - 2002) Zambia

740 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Supporters of President Hospital workers (2003 - Frederick Chiluba (1996 - 2003) Zambia 1996) Zambia Supporters of President Illegal immigrants (2001 - Levy Mwanawasa (2005 - 2001) Zambia 2006) Zambia Supporters of ruling party Journalists at state-run (2008 - 2008) Zambia Times of Zambia (2012 - 2012) Zambia Supporters of the Move- Junior doctors (1996 - ment for Multiparty 2000) Zambia Democracy (2009 - 2009) Zambia Supporters of the Patriotic Konkola Copper Mines Front (2011 - 2011) Zambia PLC (2005 - 2005) Zambia Supporters of the president Lecturers and researchers (2001 - 2001) Zambia (2006 - 2008) Zambia Supporters of United Na- Market vendors (1997 - tional Independence Party 1997) Zambia (1991 - 1991) Zambia Zambian government (1990 Miners (2002 - 2010) Zam- - 2008) Zambia bia Zambian Government Mineworkers Union of (2013 - 2013) Zambia Zambia (2005 - 2007) Zambia Mopani Copper Mines (2007 - 2007) Zambia Morocco soccer team (1993 - 1993) Zambia Mourning protesters (2005 - 2005) Zambia Municipal workers (2006 - 2006) Zambia Mutinous soldiers (1997 - 1997) Zambia National Union for Miners and Allied Workers (2006 - 2006) Zambia None (2000 - 2000) Zambia Nurses (2001 - 2001) Zam- bia Opposition activists (2009 - 2009) Zambia Opposition supporters (1997 - 2012) Zambia

741 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Oppositionists (1992 - 1992) Zambia RENAMO (1990 - 1990) Zambia Resident Doctors Associ- ation of Zambia (2009 - 2009) Zambia Rioters (2006 - 2011) Zam- bia Roan Mining Corporation (1998 - 1998) Zambia Rwanda (2000 - 2000) Zambia Senegal (2005 - 2005) Zam- bia Senior doctors (2000 - 2000) Zambia Shanty town residents (2006 - 2006) Zambia Shoprite Checkers (2003 - 2003) Zambia Soccer fans (2005 - 2005) Zambia Soldiers (1995 - 1995) Zam- bia Street traders (2001 - 2003) Zambia Students (1996 - 2010) Zambia Sugar workers (2012 - 2012) Zambia Supermarket workers (2003 - 2003) Zambia Supporters of Opposition parties (2002 - 2002) Zam- bia Supporters of opposition party (2008 - 2008) Zambia Tanzania-Zambia Railways (Tanzara) (1996 - 1996) Zambia Tanzanian government (2015 - 2015) Zambia Times of Zambia (1996 - 2002) Zambia

742 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Times of Zambia newspaper (2012 - 2012) Zambia Tribal elders (2008 - 2008) Zambia Unionized miners (1998 - 1998) Zambia Unionized railway workers (1996 - 1996) Zambia United National Indepen- dence Party (1991 - 1991) Zambia University authorities (2010 - 2010) Zambia University lecturers (1991 - 2004) Zambia University lecturers and researchers (2000 - 2000) Zambia University of Zambia (2004 - 2004) Zambia University of Zambia Lecturers and Researchers Union (UNZALARU) (2004 - 2004) Zambia University of Zambia workers (1998 - 1998) Zambia University students (1990 - 2003) Zambia University Students (2013 - 2013) Zambia Unknown (1996 - 1999) Zambia Various civil society groups (2001 - 2001) Zambia Vera Chiluba (2001 - 2001) Zambia Villagers (1995 - 1995) Zambia Women (2000 - 2008) Zam- bia Women and children seeking jobs (2012 - 2012) Zam- bia Workers at Lumwana copper mine (2015 - 2015) Zambia

743 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Workers at the Tanzania Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA) (2015 - 2015) Zambia Workers of Zambia-China Mulungushi Textiles (2007 - 2007) Zambia World Cup referees (1993 - 1993) Zambia Youths (1991 - 2012) Zam- bia Zambia Congress of Trade Unions (1998 - 2004) Zam- bia Zambia National Teachers Union (ZNTU) (2005 - 2005) Zambia Zambia Sugar - subsidiary of South African company (2012 - 2012) Zambia Zambia Union of Journal- ists (2002 - 2002) Zambia Zambian Council for the Handicapped (1994 - 1994) Zambia Zambian court system (2010 - 2010) Zambia Zambian lawmakers (2001 - 2001) Zambia Zambian opposition (2001 - 2001) Zambia Zambian soccer fans (1993 - 2000) Zambia Zambian women’s football team (2014 - 2014) Zambia Zambian workers (2008 - 2008) Zambia

5.60 Zimbabwe

Government Challenger Civilian Other Air Force Chief (2008 - Bennett supporters (2004 - citizens (2000 - 2000) Zim- air traﬃc controllers (1991 2008) Zimbabwe 2004) Zimbabwe babwe - 2003) Zimbabwe army (1997 - 1997) Zim- Innocent Ncube (2003 - Civilian farm owner (2010 Air Zimbabwe (1997 - babwe 2003) Zimbabwe - 2010) Zimbabwe 2011) Zimbabwe

744 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other army job seekers (1997 - Kunonga supporters (2008 civilians (1993 - 2008) Zim- Air Zimbabwe pilots (2010 1997) Zimbabwe - 2008) Zimbabwe babwe - 2010) Zimbabwe central government (1990 - Occupy Africa Unity white civilians (1994 - aircraft engineers (1994 - 2009) Zimbabwe Square (2015 - 2015) 1994) Zimbabwe 1994) Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Central Government (2015 opponents of new consti- airline pilots (1997 - 1997) - 2015) Zimbabwe tution (2000 - 2000) Zim- Zimbabwe babwe city government (1998 - protesters (1998 - 1998) Anglicans (2010 - 2011) 1998) Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Zimbabwe civil servants (1996 - 1996) Save Zimbabwe Campaign anti-gay protesters (1996 - Zimbabwe (2007 - 2007) Zimbabwe 1996) Zimbabwe Civil servants (2010 - 2012) Tsvangirai (2004 - 2008) Bank Depositors (2013 - Zimbabwe Zimbabwe 2013) Zimbabwe Finance Minister Tendai Tsvangirai supporters bank employers (1994 - Biti (2012 - 2012) Zim- (2004 - 2004) Zimbabwe 1994) Zimbabwe babwe Government (2010 - 2012) Unidentiﬁed protesters Bank in Central Harare Zimbabwe (2015 - 2015) Zimbabwe (2013 - 2013) Zimbabwe government doctors (2001 - Women of Zimbabwe Arise bank workers (1994 - 1994) 2001) Zimbabwe - militant organization Zimbabwe (2012 - 2012) Zimbabwe government hospitals (2014 youth oppositionists to banks (1995 - 2003) Zim- - 2014) Zimbabwe Grace Mugabe (2014 - babwe 2014) Zimbabwe government workers (1999 youth supporters of Grace BBC journalist, Joseph - 2001) Zimbabwe Mugabe (2014 - 2014) Zim- Winter (2001 - 2001) Zim- babwe babwe Government workers (2012 Zimbabwe Unity Move- Bodyguards of South - 2012) Zimbabwe ment (1991 - 1994) African youth leader Zimbabwe Julius Malema (2012 - 2012) Zimbabwe Harare city government Bruce Wharton, US envoy (1999 - 2003) Zimbabwe (2013 - 2013) Zimbabwe magistrates (2007 - 2007) Chamber of Mines (2010 - Zimbabwe 2010) Zimbabwe Mayor Elias Mudzuri (2002 Christian Alliance (2011 - - 2002) Zimbabwe 2011) Zimbabwe MDC-T party supporters Christians (2008 - 2008) - party of PM Morgan Zimbabwe Tsvangirai (2012 - 2012) Zimbabwe MDC (2000 - 2011) Zim- church go-ers (2008 - 2008) babwe Zimbabwe MDC candidates (2002 - Church leaders (2015 - 2005) Zimbabwe 2015) Zimbabwe

745 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other MDC deputy treasurer city workers (1999 - 2009) Elton Mangoma (2014 - Zimbabwe 2014) Zimbabwe MDC employees (2003 - Combined Harare Resi- 2003) Zimbabwe dents Association (2006 - 2006) Zimbabwe MDC faction (2005 - 2006) Commonwealth and the Zimbabwe Southern African Develop- ment Community (2002 - 2002) Zimbabwe MDC leader, Morgan commuter transport oper- Tsvangirai (2000 - 2000) ators (1998 - 1998) Zim- Zimbabwe babwe MDC oﬃces (2004 - 2004) commuters (2000 - 2000) Zimbabwe Zimbabwe MDC parliamentary candi- Conservation groups (2015 dates (2001 - 2001) Zim- - 2015) Zimbabwe babwe MDC secretary general constitution committee Tendai Biti (2014 - 2014) (2009 - 2009) Zimbabwe Zimbabwe MDC supporters (2000 - Constitutional Com- 2011) Zimbabwe mission (2000 - 2000) Zimbabwe MDC youth militants Constitutional delegates (2006 - 2006) Zimbabwe (2010 - 2010) Zimbabwe Militants of President construction employers Mugabe’s ZANU-PF party (1994 - 1994) Zimbabwe (2012 - 2012) Zimbabwe Movement for Democratic construction workers (1994 Change (2000 - 2013) Zim- - 1994) Zimbabwe babwe Movement for Democratic Court (2012 - 2012) Zim- Change (MDC) (2013 - babwe 2013) Zimbabwe Movement for Democratic cricket players (2004 - Change members (2014 - 2004) Zimbabwe 2014) Zimbabwe Movement for Democratic Crisis in Zimbabwe Coali- Change supporters (2000 - tion (2003 - 2003) Zim- 2000) Zimbabwe babwe Movement for Democratic Crisis of Zimbabwe Coali- Change youth (2014 - tion (2008 - 2008) Zim- 2014) Zimbabwe babwe

746 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Movement for Democratic disabled workers (1990 - Change youth members 1990) Zimbabwe (Tsvangirai loyalists) (2014 - 2014) Zimbabwe Mugabe loyalists (2010 - doctors (1993 - 2009) Zim- 2010) Zimbabwe babwe Mugabe Supporters (2013 - Drunken and armed mob 2013) Zimbabwe (2010 - 2010) Zimbabwe municipal council (2003 - electrical engineers (2003 - 2003) Zimbabwe 2003) Zimbabwe municipal workers (1998 - English cricket team (2004 1998) Zimbabwe - 2004) Zimbabwe National Constitutional Ethiopian immigrants Assembly (1999 - 2008) (2001 - 2001) Zimbabwe Zimbabwe National Constitutional farm owners (1997 - 1997) Assembly members (2000 - Zimbabwe 2000) Zimbabwe opposition activist Sekai farm workers (1997 - 2003) Holland (2001 - 2001) Zim- Zimbabwe babwe opposition leader Morgan farmers (2002 - 2002) Zim- Tsvangirai (2001 - 2001) babwe Zimbabwe opposition parties (2000 - farmers Malcolm and 2000) Zimbabwe Catherine Francis (2014 - 2014) Zimbabwe opposition United Parties Foreign traders (2011 - (1995 - 1996) Zimbabwe 2011) Zimbabwe Patrick Nabanyama (2001 - former exiles (1998 - 1998) 2001) Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Patrick Zhuwawo (2009 - Gangs of mini-bus solici- 2009) Zimbabwe tors (2012 - 2012) Zim- babwe police (1995 - 2008) Zim- gay activists (1998 - 1998) babwe Zimbabwe President Mugabe (1991 - gay rights activists (1996 - 2014) Zimbabwe 1996) Zimbabwe Pro-government attackers Gays and Lesbians of Zim- (2011 - 2011) Zimbabwe babwe (2010 - 2010) Zim- babwe Public Service Commission Global March Against (1991 - 1991) Zimbabwe Child Labour (1998 - 1998) Zimbabwe riot police (2001 - 2003) Gunmen (2008 - 2008) Zimbabwe Zimbabwe

747 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other ruling party (1995 - 2000) Highlander soccer team Zimbabwe fans (2002 - 2002) Zim- babwe ruling party members hospital doctors (2001 - (1995 - 2000) Zimbabwe 2001) Zimbabwe ruling party militants hospital staff (1996 - 1996) (2001 - 2001) Zimbabwe Zimbabwe ruling party supporters hotel and resteraunt em- (2000 - 2008) Zimbabwe ployers (1999 - 1999) Zim- babwe state-run newspaper (2001 hotel employees (1999 - - 2001) Zimbabwe 1999) Zimbabwe state-run newspaper em- human rights group Amani ployees (2000 - 2000) Zim- Trust (2002 - 2002) Zim- babwe babwe state doctors (2005 - 2005) human rights groups (1995 Zimbabwe - 1995) Zimbabwe State prosecutors (2011 - Imire Safari Ranch (2008 - 2011) Zimbabwe 2008) Zimbabwe Supporters of MDC (2011 - independent election ob- 2011) Zimbabwe servers (2008 - 2008) Zim- babwe Supporters of PM party independent newspaper MDC-T (2012 - 2012) Zim- (2000 - 2001) Zimbabwe babwe ZANU-PF (2000 - 2013) independent radio station Zimbabwe (2002 - 2002) Zimbabwe Zanu-PF (2011 - 2011) international traders (2002 Zimbabwe - 2002) Zimbabwe ZANU-PF activist (2008 - Iron and Steel Corporation 2008) Zimbabwe (2001 - 2001) Zimbabwe ZANU-PF demonstrators Iron and Steel workers (2002 - 2002) Zimbabwe (2001 - 2001) Zimbabwe ZANU-PF faction (2005 - journalists (2001 - 2001) 2005) Zimbabwe Zimbabwe ZANU-PF members (2000 Journalists (2012 - 2012) - 2005) Zimbabwe Zimbabwe ZANU-PF militants (2001 junior doctors (2014 - - 2008) Zimbabwe 2014) Zimbabwe ZANU-PF offices (2003 - laboratory technicians 2003) Zimbabwe (1993 - 1993) Zimbabwe ZANU-PF officials (2005 - lawyers (2007 - 2007) Zim- 2005) Zimbabwe babwe ZANU-PF parliamentary Lawyers for Human Rights candidates (2008 - 2008) (2001 - 2001) Zimbabwe Zimbabwe

748 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other ZANU-PF party (1994 - magistrate court (1995 - 1998) Zimbabwe 1995) Zimbabwe ZANU-PF party support- media (2001 - 2001) Zim- ers - party of President Mu- babwe gabe (2012 - 2012) Zim- babwe ZANU-PF party support- Media Institute for South- ers (2010 - 2010) Zimbabwe ern Africa (2002 - 2002) Zimbabwe ZANU-PF Supporters medical interns (2006 - (2000 - 2000) Zimbabwe 2006) Zimbabwe ZANU-PF supporters Members of Gays and Les- (2000 - 2011) Zimbabwe bians of Zimbabwe (GALZ) (2012 - 2012) Zimbabwe ZANU-PF youth members Members of political party (2000 - 2000) Zimbabwe (2012 - 2012) Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Government militia (2002 - 2002) Zim- (2013 - 2013) Zimbabwe babwe Mine workers (2012 - 2012) Zimbabwe Miners’ Wives (2013 - 2013) Zimbabwe Miners (2010 - 2010) Zim- babwe Mini-bus solicitors (2012 - 2012) Zimbabwe Mourners (2011 - 2011) Zimbabwe National Coalition for Gay and Lesbian Equality (1995 - 1995) Zimbabwe national cricket team (2014 - 2014) Zimbabwe National Railways of Zim- babwe (1999 - 1999) Zim- babwe newspaper staﬀ (2002 - 2002) Zimbabwe newspaper street vendors (2001 - 2001) Zimbabwe Nigeria (2003 - 2003) Zim- babwe nurses (1990 - 1999) Zim- babwe Nurses in public hospitals (2015 - 2015) Zimbabwe

749 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other opposition (2000 - 2000) Zimbabwe opposition activists (2007 - 2007) Zimbabwe opposition lawmakers (2005 - 2005) Zimbabwe opposition supporters (2001 - 2008) Zimbabwe Padare/Enkundleni (2002 - 2002) Zimbabwe pastors (2003 - 2003) Zim- babwe Peace (2011 - 2011) Zim- babwe Pilots (2011 - 2011) Zim- babwe Political opponents (2012 - 2012) Zimbabwe polling stations (2002 - 2002) Zimbabwe Post and Telecommunica- tions Corporation (1999 - 1999) Zimbabwe Postal and Telecommuni- cations Corporation (2001 - 2001) Zimbabwe postal and telecommunications workers (2001 - 2001) Zimbabwe postal workers (1998 - 2004) Zimbabwe Posts and Telecommunica- tions Corporation workers (1994 - 1994) Zimbabwe Prisoners (2015 - 2015) Zimbabwe Progressive Teachers Union of Zimbabwe (2010 - 2011) Zimbabwe railway station (2008 - 2008) Zimbabwe railway workers (1999 - 2001) Zimbabwe Salvation Army-run hospital (2012 - 2012) Zimbabwe

750 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other soccer fans (2003 - 2003) Zimbabwe soccer referee (2002 - 2002) Zimbabwe soldiers (2001 - 2008) Zim- babwe Soldiers (2012 - 2012) Zim- babwe South Africa (2002 - 2004) Zimbabwe South African Government (2015 - 2015) Zimbabwe South African soccer team (2000 - 2000) Zimbabwe street vendors (2014 - 2014) Zimbabwe students (2002 - 2009) Zim- babwe Supporters of convicted activists (2012 - 2012) Zim- babwe teachers (1990 - 2009) Zim- babwe technical college students (1996 - 1996) Zimbabwe telecommunications engineers (1999 - 1999) Zim- babwe The Daily Newspaper (2002 - 2003) Zimbabwe The Women of Zimbabwe Arise (2013 - 2013) Zim- babwe tobacco buyers (1998 - 1998) Zimbabwe tobacco farmers (1998 - 2008) Zimbabwe Tourist clubs (2011 - 2011) Zimbabwe trade unionists (1996 - 1996) Zimbabwe trade unions (1996 - 1996) Zimbabwe transportation drivers (2000 - 2000) Zimbabwe

751 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other United States (1999 - 1999) Zimbabwe university lecturers (2000 - 2007) Zimbabwe university management (1995 - 1995) Zimbabwe university oﬃces (1995 - 1995) Zimbabwe university students (1990 - 2007) Zimbabwe University students (2015 - 2015) Zimbabwe unknown (1990 - 2014) Zimbabwe Unknown bombers (2012 - 2012) Zimbabwe US and British diplomats (2008 - 2008) Zimbabwe Vendors (2011 - 2015) Zim- babwe Villagers (2012 - 2012) Zimbabwe voters (2002 - 2002) Zim- babwe war veterans (1997 - 2009) Zimbabwe Western powers (2011 - 2011) Zimbabwe white farmers (2000 - 2009) Zimbabwe White farmers (2010 - 2010) Zimbabwe white owned businesses (2001 - 2001) Zimbabwe women (1999 - 2008) Zim- babwe Women and Men of Zim- babwe Arise (2010 - 2011) Zimbabwe Women of Zimbabwe Arise (2003 - 2010) Zimbabwe workers (2000 - 2000) Zim- babwe

752 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Government Challenger Civilian Other Workers of the Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions (ZCTU) (2015 - 2015) Zim- babwe workshop owners (1990 - 1990) Zimbabwe youth (2007 - 2007) Zim- babwe youth opposition supporters (2005 - 2005) Zimbabwe Zambian traders (2001 - 2001) Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions (2001 - 2015) Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions members (2005 - 2005) Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Cricket (2014 - 2014) Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Cricket Union (2004 - 2004) Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Electricity Sup- ply Authority (2003 - 2003) Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Lawyers for Hu- man Rights (2003 - 2003) Zimbabwe Zimbabwe National Stu- dents Union (2009 - 2009) Zimbabwe Zimbabwe soccer fans (2000 - 2000) Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Women’s Na- tional Prayer Task Force (2008 - 2008) Zimbabwe Zimbabwean Congress of Trade Unions (2003 - 2003) Zimbabwe ZINASU (2000 - 2000) Zimbabwe

753 Actor Dictionaries xSub References

Salehyan, Idean, Cullen S Hendrix, Jesse Hamner, Christina Case, Christopher Linebarger, Emily Stull and Jennifer Williams. 2012. “Social conﬂict in Africa: A new database.” International Interactions 38(4):503–511.

Sundberg, Ralph and Erik Melander. 2013. “Introducing the UCDP georeferenced event dataset.” Journal of Peace Research 50(4):523–532.

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