Bibliography Burns, A. I. (1963) Peace-Keeping by UN Forces from Suez to the Congo (London: Pall Mall Press). Durch, William J. (1993) The UN Operation in the Congo (London: Macmillan). Hoskyns, Catherine (1961) The Congo since Independence: January 1960–December 1961 (Oxford: Oxford University Press). James, Alan (1965) Britain and the Congo Crisis: 1960–63 (London: Macmillan). Marchetti, Victor and John Marks (1974) The CIA and the Cult of Intelligence (London: Jonathon Cape). O’Brien, Conor Cruise (1966) To Katanga and Back (New York: Grosset & Dunlap). Rikhe, Indar Jit (1993) UN Peace-Keeping and the Congo Crisis (New York: St Martin’s Press). Rikhe, Indar Jit (1995) The United Nations Operation in the Congo: Peace-Keeping, Peace-Making and Peace Building (London: Macmillan). Stuart, Douglas T. (1988) Africa as an Out-of-Area Problem for NATO (London: Macmillan). 194 Index Note: the following are not shown in this index as they appear on most of the pages – Africa(n)(s), Belgian(s), Congo(lese), Europe(an)(s), Zaire(ese)(ian). —————— Aba 87 140–1, 145, 183, 169, 173–5, ABAKO 7–9, 11, 14, 23, 25–6, 180–2, 184–5, 187–8, 192 31, 61, 68, 88 APR 159, 161 Abboud, President Ibrahim 84 APROSOMA 46 ABC 68 Arusha (Tanganyika) 151, 159, ADFL 166–72, 174–7, 179, 181 189 Adoula, Cyrille 46, 52–3, 55–6, Arusha Agreement 151–2, 58–61, 63–5, 67–8, 74–5, 85, 156–7, 160 88, 97 Ascension Island 126 AFEKER 68 Association for the Defence of Africanisation 3, 8–9, 16, 107 Human Rights 178 African Plan 85 ATCAR 11 African Regional Seminar 149 Aundu, Eluki Mongoa 146 African Security Force 130–1, 133 B–26, aircraft 71 Agosta, submarine 112 Bagaza, Jean Baptiste 148 Akayesu, Jean Paul 188 Bakongo, tribe 1, 5, 7, 14–15, 41 Aketi 91 Baluba, tribe 6–8, 11, 21–2, 25, Albania 160 31–7, 39, 47–51, 56, 60, 63 Albertville 33, 35, 56, 73, 77, 91 BABUBAKAT 7–8, 11, 15, 24, 32, Albright, Madeleine 187 37–8, 65, 68, 88 Alexander, General 19–20 Bakwanga 25–6, 32, 43, 36, 49, Algeria(n)(s) 9, 68, 84, 94, 51, 66 100–1, 106, 128, 132 Bambunda 71 Algiers 126 Banana 12, 43 All African People’s Congress Bangala, tribe 21, 25, 27 6–8 Bania 177, 182, 188 Almeisa, Luis de 129 Bantu 182 Alport, Lord 54 Banyamulenge, tribe, sect. America(n)(s) 1, 19, 30, 60, 163–6, 168, 175, 177–9, 101 71–2, 80–1, 110, 115 Banyarwanda, tribe 146 Amnesty International 138, 141, Bapende 71 178 Baraka 91 Anan, Kofi 170, 178, 186–7 Bas Congo (Lower) 8, 18, 23, 88 Anany, Jerome 97 Bashir, Omar al 187 Angola(n)(s) 4, 6, 41, 67, 70, Batetla, tribe 28 101, 103, 109, 113–6, Batwa, pygmies 13 118–20, 124–6, 130–6, Baudouin, King 14 195 196 Index Baudouinville, ferry point 73 Bulgaria 160 Bayaka, tribe 15, 22 Bululu, Lunda 142 Belgrade, Serbia 42, 55 Bumba 91 Benaco 155 Bunia 87, 168 Benguela 4, 114 Bunche, Ralph 19–20, 22 Berlin Conference 2 Burundi 72, 75, 77–9, 87, 91, Bibomania, Adrien 148 144, 146–50, l57–8, 160, Bikomagu, General Jean 149 164–8, 188 (see also Urundi) Birindwa, Justin 146 Butare 156 Bizimumgu, Pasteur 157, 162, Buyoya, Major Pierre 148 171, 180 Black Africa 1, 6, 18, 61 C-130, aircraft 116 Bobozo, Colonel Luis 73, 91, Cabinda Strip 114 93–4, 96–7, 105 Cairo (Egypt) 42, 55, 71, 84, Bodenan, Francis 100 89–90, 92, 105, 121 Boende 76 Cameroun 11 Bokembo, Major Mpika 111 Camp Hardy 15–16, 38–9 Bokongo 96 Camp Kokolo 38, 65, 93, 97, Bolikango, Jean 11, 21, 25, 27, 100, 179 35, 95 Camp Leopoldville 15, 26, 30–1, Bolobo 69, 78 36, 38 Bolongo, General Likulia Camp Tshati 179 172–5 Canada(n)(s) 43, 167 Boma 181 Canberra, aircraft 55 Bomboko, Justin 17, 26–8, 35, Cape Town (South Africa) 174 41, 65, 195, 138 Carreira, Iko Teles 114 Bomo 180 Carter, President (USA) 116, Bond, Nguza 122, 134, 136–9, 127, 132 141, 143–5 Casement, Sir Roger 5 Bonino, Emma 170 Castro, Fidel 132 Booh Booh, Jacques 153 CDA 68 Botende, Admiral Limponda Wa CDF 88, 90 137 Central African Republic 6, 133, Brazzaville 17, 27–8, 67–9, 72, 173 78, 86, 101, 106, 113, 139, CEREA 39 143, 146, 171, 174–5, 280–1 Ceylon 42 Brussels 3–4, 6, 9–10, 12–14, 21, CFRD 139–41 30, 33, 59, 117, 124, 132, Chadian 169 134, 137–40, 178 Chamber of Representatives 15 Bucyna, Martin 152 China(ese) 69, 71, 75, 78, 94, Bugera, Deogratias 179 107, 109, 115–16, 118–19, Bujumbura 144, 149–51, 157–8 126, 133 Bukama 32 Christian 3, 88 Bukavu 39–40, 51, 72, 76, 86, CIA (USA) 72, 76, 110, 132, 141, 92–4, 101, 103, 105–6, 156, 176 164–5, 170, 179–80, 182, 188 Citizens’ Rights, department Bula Bemba island 65 141 Bulawayo (Rhodesia) 49 Civil Guard 149 ‘bullet madness’ 74 CLC 137 Index 197 College of Commissioners 30–l, Diago Cao, Portuguese navigator 33, 35–6, 40–1 107 CMD 181–3, l86–8, 191 Diaka, Mungul 136–7, 143 CNA 15–9, 22, 24–8, 31–3, Dilolo 61, 67, 103, 114, 117, 35–40, 43, 54, 49–52, 55–7, 121, 126, 129, 131, 133 59–61, 63–7, 69–77, 81–2, Djogo, General Bumba 118 84, 86–9, 91–4, 96, 98, 102–5 Dondo, Kengo Wa l38–9, 147, CNLF 126 168, 171–2, 178 CNRI 137 Dos Santos, President Jose 140, Common Front 12 186, 192 CONACO 88, 90 DRC 68, 106, 175, 178, 187, CONAKAT 7–8, 65, 68–9, 88 190–3 Congo, river 2, 4, 12, 15–17, 27, Durban (South Africa) 186 31, 65, 69, 86, 91, 97, 107, 180 East Germany 119 Congo (Brazzaville) 17, 27, 69, Eastern, province 89 75, 77–8, 86, 90, 105, 107 ECP 137 Congo-Belgium Friendship Treaty Eisenhower, President (USA) 18, 19 27 Congo Free State 1–2 Egypt(ian)(s) 65, 71, 64–5, 87, Congo Commission 21 91–3, 116, 118, 121, 133 Congo (Kinshasa) 107 Elima 110 Congo (Leopoldville) 107 Elizabethville 3–5, 7–8, 11, 15, Congo Portfolio 5 17, 20, 22, 24–7, 32, 34, Coquihatville 10, 15, 21, 44–5, 41–2, 44–5, 47–9, 52–3, 76, 83, 96–7, 121 (see also 55–63, 66, 68, 88, 95, 99 Mbandaka) (see also Lumbashi) Coquihatville Conference 44–5 Entebbe (Uganda) 167 Corsica 127, 130 Equator, province 2, 15, 23, 25, Croats 169 44, 52, 89 Cuba(n)(s) 76, 87, 113, 115–6, Eritrea 181 118–20, 125–6, 130, 132, 141 Ethiopia(n)(s) 20, 36, 42, 48, 55, Cuvette, province 90 58, 62, 103, 107, 181 Cyangugu 156, 164 Eyskens, Gaston 12 Czech 26 FAZ 143, l64–6, 168–71, 174–7 FCN 68, 74 Darkest Africa 1 FEDEKA 7, 11 Dayal, Rayeshwar 32–3, 35–6, FDD 158 40–1, 43, 49–51, 53 First World War 59 DC-3, aircraft 101 Five Nations Decision 134 Democratic Congo 168 Fizi 91, 169 Delvaux, Albert 10, 26–7, 65 Fizi Bares 1, 99 Denard, Colonel Robert 98–9, FLNC 113–5, 117–9, 121, 124, l01–3 126–7, 129–34, 137 Denmark 55 FONUS 177–8 Dendale 7, 23 Forminiere Company 66–7 D’Estaing, Giscard 112, 127 Four Year Plan 9–10 DFCK 146 FP 8, 11–12, 15, 18, 38, 176 198 Index FPR l51–7, 164, 172 Hafwasende 87 France(ch) 2, 9, 17, 25–6, 49, Hamba, Kalume 125 53, 57, 65, 71, 76, 92, 112, Hammarskjöld, Dag 19–24, 114–5, 118–9, 121–2, 32–4, 36, 40–6, 49–50, 53–4, 126–30, l32–4, 136, 143, 145, 55, 65 149–50, 156, 159–60, 167, Harroy 46 169, 171–6, 191, 184 Hasai 170 French Congo 5–6, 16–17 Hassan, King 121, 169, 176 French Foreign Legion 127 Havana, Cuba 126, 132 FRODEBU 148 HCR 145–6 HCR-PT 145–7, 163, 166, 174 Gabon l33, 174 Hemelrijck, Maurice van 6, 9 Gambona 69, 86 Hercules, aircraft 102 Gardiner, Robin 60, 62 ‘Historic Speech’ 109 Gbenye, Victor 56, 67, 69, 72, Hitimana, Mathias 151 76, 78, 80–1, 83, 86, 89, 92, Horn, General von 20, 23–4 94, 96, 97–8 Human Rights Watch, Africa Gatabazi, Felicien 152 160 Geneva Convention(s) 77 Huta(s) 13, 46, 78–9, 144, German(s)(y) 2, 11, 17, 167 148–52, 156–8, l60–3, 165, German East Africa 11 170, 173, 179, 182, 184, 186, Ghadolite 17, 84 189, 191 Ghali, Boutros Boutros 153 Ghana(ian) 6–8, 19–20, 28–9, Idiofa 94 31, 33, 38, 42, 50, 84, 91, Ikela 91 103, 153 Ileo, Joseph 23, 26, 28–9, 40, Ghanda, Raphael 179 44–5 Gikongoro 156 Ilyushin, aircraft 24, 26, 31 Gisenyi 156 Impuga Mugambi, sect 154, 159 Gitarama 152, 154–6 lndia(n)(s) 32, 48, 53, 57, 62, Gizanga, Antoine 10, 37–8, 40, 107, 110 44–6, 51, 56, 64–5, 67, Indo China 9 69–72, 96–7, 99 Indonesia 42, 75 Gold Coast 6, 9 Inga, project 112, 125, 181, 188 Goma 21, 156–7, 161, 165–6, Interahamwe, sect, militia 154, 168, 171–3, 178–81, 183–4, 156–7, 159, 161, 163, 165–6, 186–8, 190 170 Government of Efficiency 179 Iran 134 Government of National Union lreland(ish) 20, 24, 32, 37, 44, 94 48, 53, 56 Government of Public Safety Israel 65, 111, 138–9 103 Italy(ian)(s) 56, 59, 64 Government of Reconciliation Ivory Coast 133 65 Iwawi, island 161 Grenfell, Georges 67 Iyassu, General 42 Guinea 20, 31, 33, 42 Jadotville 18, 53, 56, 58, 62, 68 Habyarimana, Joseph Gitera 46, Janssens, General Emile 16, 18 l50–2, 156–7, 181 Jeunesse Movement 71, 77 Index 199 Johannesburg (South Africa) 49, Kasavi 41 71, 101 Kasavubu, Joseph 7–9, 12, 14–6, Johnson, President (USA) 101 18–9, 24, 26–31, 40–1, 43–5, Juba (Sudan) 84 50, 52, 59–60, 67–70, 82, 85, 90, 93–4, 99 Kabalo 4, 36, 48, 73, 77, 192 Kasenga, Mpinge 122–3 Kabila, Laurent 89, 121, 66–83, Kashamura, Anicet 39–40, 44 185–8, 192 Kasindi 87 Kagame, General Paul 155, 161, Kasongo, town 52 164 Kasongo, Joseph 65, 73 Kagara, river 153–4 Katanga(n)(s), province 2, 4–7, Kakuzi 149 12, 15, 17–8, 20–5, 27–30, Kalemei 188 32–5, 37–42, 44–8, 52–64, Kalima 170 66–7, 69, 75–6, 88–9, 91–2, Kalishnikov, automatic weapon 99–106, 119, 112–3, 120, 115 124, 126, 145, 183 (see also Kalonji, Albert 10, 15, 21–2, Shaba) 25–8, 32, 34–6, 40, 44, 49, Katanga, Paul 36 52, 66, 70 Katangan International Company Kalonji, Isaac 7, 88 48–9 Kamanyola 165 Kaunda, President Kenneth 98, Kamanyola Division 139 131–3 Kambanda, Wa Kambanda 156, Kayibanda, Gregoire 46, 78–9, 189 103 Kamina, military base 4, 12, 17, Kenge 174 20–1, 26, 37, 48, 52–3, 55, Kennedy, President (USA) 58 62, 71, 81, 128–9, 133, 141