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Contents
Abstract xiii Preface xv
1 Space elevator, transport system for space elevator, 1 and tether system
1.1 Brief history 1 1.2 Short description 2 1.3 Transport system for the space elevator 5 1.4 Free trip to space (Project 1) 8 1.5 Delivery system for free round trip to Mars (Project 2) 24 1.6 Free trip to Moon (Project 3) 29 1.7 Discussion 31 1.8 Conclusions 33 1.9 Tether system 34
2 Cable space accelerator 39
2.1 Introduction 39 2.2 Description of suggested launcher 40 2.3 Theory of the cable launcher 42 2.4 Projects 55 2.5 General discussion 58
3 Circle launcher and space keeper 59
3.1 Introduction 61 3.2 Description of circle launcher 61 3.3 Theory of circle launcher 67 3.4 Case studies 75 3.5 Discussion, summary, and conclusions 81
4 Optimal inflatable space towers 83
4.1 Introduction 83 4.2 Description of innovation and problem 85
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4.3 Theory of inflatable towers (all equations are given in metric system) 89 4.4 Projects 92 4.5 Conclusion 105
5 Kinetic space towers 107
5.1 Introduction 107 5.2 Description of suggested launcher 108 5.3 Theory of the kinetic tower and launcher 111 5.4 Projects 121 5.5 Discussion 122
6 Gas tube hypersonic launcher 125
6.1 Introduction 126 6.2 Description 127 6.3 Methods of estimation and results of computation 129 6.4 Production cost of delivery 138 6.5 Advantages of the proposed space launcher 143 6.6 Discussion 145
7 Earth–Moon cable transport system 147
7.1 Introduction 147 7.2 Brief history 147 7.3 Brief description, theory, and computation of innovations 148 7.4 Theory of optimal cable from earth to moon 150 7.5 Technical parameters of projects 151 7.6 Conclusion 154
8 Earth–Mars cable transport system 157
8.1 Introduction 157 8.2 Brief description 158 8.3 Theory of Earth–Mars equal stress cable 159 8.4 Project 160 8.5 Conclusion 162
9 Kinetic anti-gravitator 165
9.1 Introduction 166 9.2 Brief description of the installation 167 9.3 Theory of the kinetic anti-gravitator 171 9.4 Advantages of offered method 179 9.5 Applications 179 9.6 Discussion 184 9.7 Conclusion 185 Fm-I044731.qxd 3/2/06 10:05 AM Page ix
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10 Centrifugal space launchers 187
10.1 Introduction 188 10.2 Description of innovative launcher 189 10.3 Theory of the sling launcher 193 10.4 Projects 197 10.5 General discussion 205
11 Asteroids as propulsion system of space ships 209
11.1 Introduction 209 11.2 Connection method 210 11.3 Project 218 11.4 Discussion 218 11.5 Conclusion 221
12 Multi-reflex propulsion systems for space and 223 air vehicles and energy transfer for long distance
12.1 Introduction 223 12.2 Description of innovation 225 12.3 Theory (estimation) of multi-reflex launching and beam transfer 230 12.4 Discussion 240
13 Electrostatic solar wind propulsion 245
13.1 Introduction 245 13.2 Brief description of the propulsion system 247 13.3 Basic theories of the solar wind installation and main estimations and computations 252 13.4 Discussion 265 13.5 Conclusion 266
14 Electrostatic utilization of asteroids for space flight 271
14.1 Introduction 271 14.2 Description of utilization 272 14.3 Theory and computation (in metric system) 273 14.4 Project 278 14.5 Discussion 279
15 Electrostatic levitation on the earth and artificial 281 gravity for space ships and asteroids
15.1 Introduction 281 15.2 Brief description of innovation 282 15.3 Theory of an electrostatic lift force and results of computations (in metric system) 285 Fm-I044731.qxd 3/2/06 10:05 AM Page x
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15.4 Projects 299 15.5 Discussion 301
16 Guided solar sail and energy generator 303
16.1 Description of method and innovations 303 16.2 Description of innovation and their advantages 305 16.3 Further development 307
17 Radioisotope space sail and electro-generator 309
17.1 Description of method and innovations 309 17.2 General information about the isotope sail 310 17.3 Description of new method, installation, and innovation 311 17.4 Improvements to the radioisotope sail 312 17.5 Possibility of electric power 312 17.6 Equation for computation of conventional IsoSail 313 17.7 Conclusion 315
18 Electrostatic solar sail 317
18.1 Introduction 317 18.2 Brief description of the innovations 318 18.3 Theory of estimation and computation 320
19 Utilization of space 327
19.1 Recombination space jet propulsion engine 327 19.2 Utilization of high-altitude mirror for lighting in local Earth areas 330 19.3 Electronic sail 334 19.4 In outer space without a space suit? 335 19.5 Electrostatic space radiator 336
Attachments: Non-conventional and non-rocket flight on Earth
1 Air cable transport and bridges 341
A1.1 Introduction 341 A1.2 Short description of installation 343 A1.3 Advantages 345 A1.4 Formulas for estimation and computation (in metric system) 346 A1.5 Cable problems 349 A1.6 Data which can be used for computation 352 A1.7 Projects 352 A1.8 Conclusion 357 Fm-I044731.qxd 3/2/06 10:05 AM Page xi
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2 High-speed catapult aviation 359
A2.1 Introduction 359 A2.2 Brief description of the innovation 360 A2.3 Theory of KV and a general estimation of flight data (in metric system) 361 A2.4 Advantages 365 A2.5 Project 367 A2.6 Discussion of problems 368
3 Light multi-reflex engine 371
A3.1 Introduction 371 A3.2 Description of innovation 373 A3.3 Theory of the multi-reflex engine 375 A3.4 Discussion 381
4 Optimal trajectories of air and space vehicles 383
A4.1 Introduction 384 A4.2 General equations 385 A4.3 Flight with a small change of vehicle mass and flight path angle 386 A4.4 Statement of the problem 388 A4.5 Optimal wing area 397 A4.6 Estimation of flight range 401 A4.7 Optimal engine control for constant flight pass angle 405 A4.8 Solution 406 A4.9 Simultaneous optimization of the path angle and fuel consumption 408 A4.10 Application to aircraft, rocket missiles, and cannon projectiles 410 A4.11 General discussion and conclusion 418
5 High-efficiency transfer of mechanical energy 423
A5.1 Introduction 423 A5.2 Description of innovation 424 A5.3 Theory of air energy transfer (in metric system) 425 A5.4 Discussion 429 A5.5 Advantages of proposed method 430 A5.6 Defect 430
6 Optimal aircraft thrust angles 431
A6.1 Introduction 432 A6.2 General methodology 433 A6.3 OTA for takeoff and landing 435 A6.4 Optimal angle of thrust vector in horizontal flight (cruise regime) 438 A6.5 Climb and descent regimes 442 A6.6 Turning of airplane 443 A6.7 Discussion 444 A6.8 Conclusions 446 Fm-I044731.qxd 3/2/06 10:05 AM Page xii
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Appendix 1 System of mechanical and electrical units 447 and other useful values
1.1 System of mechanical and electrical units 447 1.2 Fundamental physical constants 448 1.3 Astronomical data 448 1.4 Density of gases at normal pressure and temperature 0°C in kg/m3 449 1.5 Parameters of earth atmosphere (relative density and temperature) 449
General references 451 Index 459