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Chec List Marine and Coastal Biodiversity of Oaxaca, Mexico

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Chec List Marine and Coastal Biodiversity of Oaxaca, Mexico Check List 9(2): 329–390, 2013 © 2013 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution PECIES S * OF Marine and coastal biodiversity of Oaxaca, Mexico J. Rolando Bastida-Zavala , María del Socorro García-Madrigal, Edgar Francisco Rosas-Alquicira, ISTS María Torres-Huerta, Alberto Montoya-Márquez and Norma A. Barrientos-Luján L Ramón Andrés López-Pérez, Francisco Benítez-Villalobos, Juan Francisco Meraz-Hernando, Ana [email protected] Universidad del Mar, Instituto de Recursos, Campus Puerto Ángel, Ciudad Universitaria, Apdo. Postal 47, 70902, Puerto Ángel, Oaxaca, Mexico * Corresponding author. E-mail: r Abstract: The state of Oaxaca in southern Mexico harbors the highest faunistic and floristic biodiversity of the region; however, to date, research effort has focused on terrestrial flora and fauna. Despite this bias, there is a large amount of dispersed information regarding the coastal and marine biodiversity of Oaxaca. The present study aimed to: 1) update and synthesize existing information to improve understanding of coastal and marine biodiversity; and 2) provide a baseline for future biodiversity studies in Oaxaca. The review of 198 references about Oaxaca’s flora and fauna produced 2,157 species records, from 15 taxonomic groups (Division, Phyla or Class). Nevertheless, knowledge about the fauna and flora of Oaxaca groupsremains (annelids, scarce compared crustaceans to other and regions, mollusks) such represent as the Gulf about of California. 44.0% (949 Additionally, species) floristicof all species and faunistic recorded, knowledge while the is heterogeneous among the taxonomic groups; for instance, 242 (11.2%) species represent macroalgae, three invertebrate not yet been recorded on the Oaxaca coast, including some platyhelminthes, rotifers, nematodes, oligochaetes, sipunculids, echiurans,vertebrates tardigrades, are represented pycnogonids, by 762 species some (35.3%).crustaceans, Similarly, brachiopods, many invertebrate chaetognaths, groups ascidians recorded and in cephalochordates. adjacent regions have The study of the marine flora and fauna is far from finished; additional effort is required to complete the marine biodiversity inventory of Oaxaca. Introduction Madrigal and Andreu-Sánchez 2010; Jarquín-González The state of Oaxaca in southern Mexico (Figure 1) is and García-Madrigal 2010), mollusks (Rodríguez-Palacios known to harbor the highest continental faunistic and et al. 1988; Holguín-Quiñones and González-Pedraza et al. 1989; de León-Herrera 2000; Ramírez-González and Barrientos-Luján 2007; Zamorano et al. 2008, 2010; Ríos- floristic biodiversity in Mexico (González-Pérez Jara et al. 2009; Reyes-Gómez et al. 2010), echinoderms 2004). While the terrestrial biodiversity of Oaxaca is well- (Benítez-Villalobos 2001; Zamorano et al. 2006; Benítez- established, overall knowledge is highly asymmetric when Villalobos et al we compare the amount of work in this region devoted 1982; Tapia-García et al to terrestrial flora and fauna with that dedicated to . 2008), fish (Chávez 1979; Castro-Aguirre coastal and marine environments. In fact, the most recent . 1995; 1998; Castro-Aguirre (publicationcf. García-Mendoza summarizing et al. knowledge2004). of the biodiversity of Oaxaca focuses exclusively on terrestrial flora and fauna studiesIn parallel, among alongtaxonomic with thegroups relative are notabsence homogeneous: of studies on the coastal and marine environments of Oaxaca, longer than others. Some of the main taxonomic groups some taxa have been studied more intensively and for et al. 2005; 2008;that have Aguilar-Rosas been studied et alinclude macroalgae (Fragoso and GonzálezRodríguez 2009), 2002; Ávila-Ortizcorals (Glynn 2003; and Mateo-Cid Leyte-Morales 1997; Leyte-Morales 1997; Reyes-Bonilla. 2009; Mateo-Cid and Leyte-Moralesand Mendoza- (Fernández-Álamo 1987; González-Ortiz et al. 1996; 1997;1998; Cruz-PiñónGómez et al and Reyes-Bonilla 1999), polychaetes et al. 2011), crustaceans (Howard. 1997; 1952; GarthBastida-Zavala 1959; 1961; and Villallobos- ten Hove Figueroa2003; Bastida-Zavala 1967; Haig 1968;2008; LukeRuiz-Cancino 1977; Sosa-Hernández et al. 1980; Villalobos-Hiriart and Nates-Rodríguez 1990; et al. 1997; Figure 1. Location of Oaxaca State in southern Mexico and main sites Carvacho and Haasmann 1984; Hendrickx et al. 2000; Ramírez-Luna et al. 2002; Ayón-Parente and mentioned in the text: 1) Corralero Lagoon; 2) Chacahua-Pastoria Hendrickx and2007; Vázquez-Cureño 2009; García-Madrigal 1998; Barbosa-Ledesma 2010; García- Lagoon; 3) Puerto Escondido; 4) Agua Blanca; 5) Ventanilla-Mazunte; 6) Puerto Ángel; 7) Huatulco Bays; 8) Barra de la Cruz; 9) Morro Ayuta; 10) Salina Cruz; 11) Huave Lagoon System; 12) Mar Muerto. 329 Bastida-Zavala et al. | Marine and coastal biodiversity of Oaxaca et al etand al .Espinosa-Pérez 2004; Tapia-García 1996; and Tapia-García Mendoza-Rodríguez and Gutiérrez- 2005; checkedinformation in the was World found Register to be of of varying Marine quality, Species depending (WoRMS, Díaz 1998; Castro-Aguirreet al. 2007; Robertson. 1999; andEspinosa-Pérez Allen 2008; Appeltanson the taxonomic et al group. However, all taxa names were et al. 2008, 2010, 2012; Mendoza-Vallejo et al. Ramírez-Gutiérrez . 2012), Integrated Taxonomic Information García-GrajalesLópez-Pérez et al. 2007), coastal birds (Meraz-Hernando MuseumSystem (ITISof Natural 2012), History Smithsonian (AMNH, Tropical Frost 2012) Research and 2009), reptiles (Meraz-Hernandoet al. 2004; and Meraz-Hernando Ávila-Nahón 2006; and Institute (STRI, Robertson and Allen 2008), American subsequent supplements (AOU 2000; Banks et al. 2002; 2001; Navarro-Sigüenza American Ornithologists’ Union checklistet al. 2010). (AOU Questionable 1998) and González-BravoWhile a range of2005), faunal and prospecting marine hasmammals been undertaken (Meraz- names were noted on the type localities. inHernando the area and (Holguín-Quiñones Sánchez-Díaz 2008). and González-Pedraza 2004; 2006; 2007; 2008; Chesser Results and Discussion example,1989), these the rockysurveys substrates have focused of Huatulco, solely Puerto on specific Ángel localities or environments along the Oaxacanet alcoast.. (1997), For KingdomA total Animalia of 2,157 werespecies recorded belonging along to twothe divisionscoastal and of Fragoso and Rodríguez (2002) and Zamorano et al. (2006; the Kingdoms Plantae and Chromista, and ten Phyla of the and Agua Blanca have been studied by Gómez Fernández-Álamo (1987; 2000; 2002), while the soft marine environments of Oaxaca (Table 1).This is clearly bottoms2008). In of addition, the continental pelagic shelf waters of the have Gulf been of Tehuantepec studied by a smaller number of specieset when al. 2004). compared to the 3,112 terrestrial arthropods or the 1,431 vertebrates recorded (1998) and Ríos-Jara et al speciesfor Oaxaca richness (González-Pérez along the coast of Oaxaca, it is nonetheless were prospected by Gamboa-Contreras and Tapia-García Although the marine mammals have a relatively low . (2009). Meanwhile, floristic Lobo et al. 1990). Reptile richness is also higher than the studies have focused on littoral and sublittoralet al rocky resthigher of thethan country, in the Gulf and of is Mexico high in orcomparison the Caribbean to other (Aguayo- parts substrates; the sites that have been most extensively studied include Santa Elena et(León-Tejera al . 1993), birds are poorly represented in Oaxaca in comparison to Huatulco Bays (Mendoza-González and Mateo-Cid 1998), otherof the regionsworld (CONABIO of Mexico 1998). and abroad, On the possiblyother hand, due aquatic to the Salina Cruz (Galindo-Villegas . 1997), and the Huave example,Lagoon System except (Dreckmannfor some records 1999). of polychaetes In contrast, (Fauchald there are and Meraz-Hernando 2010). 1972),several environmentsthere is no information that have not about been thestudied soft atbottoms all. For absence of breeding areas and endemism (González-Bravo of most of the beaches of Oaxaca, nor of the deep-sea (27.5%), followed by mollusks (462 species, 21.4%), The best-represented group is the fish, with 594 species addition,environments there (over is a lack 200 of m knowledge depth), particularly about the symbioticregarding crustaceans (265, 12.3%), macroalgae (242, 11.2%) the meiofauna (Bastida-Zavala and Guevara-Cruz 2012). In bryozoansand annelids (1 species(222, 10.3%). each, 0.1%) In comparison, are the least sponges represented (17 species, 0.8%), flatworms (8, 0.4%), nemerteans and relationships between the shallow-water invertebrates or parasites of fish, birds, and marine mammals. marine invertebrates in Oaxaca (Table 1). It is remarkable that several invertebrate groups in ForThe example, differential while effort macroalgae, given to cnidarians,taxonomic groupsannelids, is rotifers,Oaxaca have entoprocts scarcely been(or studiedkamptozoans), or are even nemerteans, completely crustaceansevident in the and records mollusks derived appeared from publishedin 152 papers.papers, nematodes,unknown. For sipunculids, instance, echiurans,benthic hydrozoans, copepods, flatworms,bryozoans and ascidians are practically unrecorded in Oaxaca. The study of some of these groups should in fact be mandatory, recordedthe remaining on the taxa coast have ofbeen Oaxaca. recorded For inexample, less than some 50 since some of them comprise the main components of publications. Meanwhile, many groups have not yet been bio-fouling fauna (e.g., sponges, benthic
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