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Mollusks of Manuel Antonio National Park, Pacific Costa Rica

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Mollusks of Manuel Antonio National Park, Pacific Costa Rica Rev. Biol. Trop. 49. Supl. 2: 25-36, 2001 www.rbt.ac.cr, www.ucr.ac.cr Mollusks of Manuel Antonio National Park, Pacific Costa Rica Samuel Willis 1 and Jorge Cortés 2-3 1140 East Middle Street, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania 17325, USA. 2Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica. FAX: (506) 207-3280. E-mail: [email protected] 3Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica. (Received 14-VII-2000. Corrected 23-III-2001. Accepted 11-V-2001) Abstract: The mollusks in Manuel Antonio National Park on the central section of the Pacific coast of Costa Rica were studied along thirty-six transects done perpendicular to the shore, and by random sampling of subtidal environments, beaches and mangrove forest. Seventy-four species of mollusks belonging to three classes and 40 families were found: 63 gastropods, 9 bivalves and 2 chitons, during this study in 1995. Of these, 16 species were found only as empty shells (11) or inhabited by hermit crabs (5). Forty-eight species were found at only one locality. Half the species were found at one site, Puerto Escondido. The most diverse habitat was the low rocky intertidal zone. Nodilittorina modesta was present in 34 transects and Nerita scabricosta in 30. Nodilittorina aspera had the highest density of mollusks in the transects. Only four transects did not clustered into the four main groups. The species composition of one cluster of transects is associated with a boulder substrate, while another cluster of transects associates with site. Two clusters were not associated to any of the factors recorded. Some species were present in previous studies but absent in 1995, while others were absent in the previous studies but found in 1995. For example, Siphonaria gigas was present in 1995 in many transects with a relatively high density, but absent in 1962, probably due to human predation before the establishment of the park. Including this study, a total of 97 species of mollusks in three classes and 45 families have been reported from Manuel Antonio National Park. Sixty-nine species are new reports for the area: 53 gastropods, 14 bivalves and 2 chitons. There are probably more species of mollusks at Manuel Antonio National Park, than the 97 reported here, because some areas have not been adequately sampled (e.g., deep environments) and many micro-mollusks could not be identified. Key words: Mollusks, intertidal zone, Costa Rica, Pacific, biodiversity. Manuel Antonio National Park is a hectares of marine area and 12 small islands Protected Area with marine environments on located a short distance from the shore. The the central Pacific coast of Costa Rica. The area experiences a dry season from December park was established 15 November, 1972 to April with a rainy season from May to (Boza 1992), and it is located about 7 km November. Tides are semidiurnal, with a tidal southeast of Quepos on the central Pacific range of around 3.5 m. coast of Costa Rica (Fig. 1). The 682 hectares Three papers have been published with of terrestrial park border the ocean along 5 km information on the mollusks of Manuel of coastline. The park also includes 55 000 Antonio and nearby areas. Bakus (1968) 26 REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL Fig. 1. Location of Manuel Antonio National Park central Pacific coast of Costa Rica. Transects and other sampling sites (see Tables 1 and 2) are indicated. reported the presence of ten species, nine separate the micro-mollusks. The mangrove gastropods and one bivalve, consisting mainly forests, the beaches and the rocky subtidal of collections of shells from the beach. Cate zone were visited several times to collect (1969) reported three species of cowries. shells and the mollusks themselves. Specimens Finally, Dexter (1974), in her study of the larger than 10 cm were not collected and notes beach fauna, reported the presence of four were used to identify them. Identification of species of mollusks, one bivalve and three the mollusks was based on Keen (1971) and gastropods. Dance (1976), following the names proposed In this paper we present data on distribution by Skoglund (1991, 1992). Some voucher and density of mollusks at Manuel Antonio specimens were deposited at the Museo de National Park and compare it with the Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Universidad de previous studies. We also include a list of Costa Rica. The information collected was mollusks from Manuel Antonio present in the compared with the previous studies in the area collection of the Museo de Zoología, Escuela done by Bakus (1968), Cate (1969) and Dexter de Biolo-gía, Universidad de Costa Rica. (1974). Finally, the mollusks of Manuel Antonio at the Museo de Zoología, Univer- MATERIALS AND METHODS sidad de Costa Rica are included to complete the list. Mollusks were qualitatively sampled in The mollusks of the park were also studied April and May 1995 from different habitats along 36 transects placed throughout the rocky within Manuel Antonio National Park, and shores, where possible (Fig. 1). Transects were quantitatively along 36 transects, perpendic- perpendicular to the shoreline extending from ular to the shoreline, of variable length. The the lower intertidal to the upper tidal zone. transects were separated 25 m. Sand (approxi- Along each transect contiguous 0.25 m2 mately 100 g) was collected from the beach (3 quadrats were placed. Within each quadrat the samples), and from 3 and 10 m depth, one mollusk species present were recorded along sample from each depth (Fig. 1), and sieved to with their densities. Other data collected was ECOSISTEMAS ACUATICOS DE COSTA RICA II 27 TABLE 1 Mollusks found at Manuel Antonio National Park Site Habitat Other Class POLYPLACOPHORA Family CHITONIDAE Chiton virgulatus Sowerby, 1840 a, b, c A Family ISCHNOCHITONIDAE Lepidozona flavida (Thiele, 1910) a, b, c A Class BIVALVIA Family ARCIDAE Anadara tuberculosa (Sowerby, 1833) d D Family MYTILIDAE Brachidontes adamsianus (Dunker, 1857) a, b, c A, B, C Family PTERIIDAE Pinctada mazatlanica (Hanley, 1856) c @ Family CARDITIDAE Cardites laticostata (Sowerby, 1833) a @ Carditamera affinis Sowerby, 1833 a, c A, B Family LUCINIDAE Ctena (Ctena) galapagana (Dall, 1901) a E (3 m) Family CHAMIDAE Chama (Chama) echinata Broderip, 1835 a, b, c A, B Chama (Chama) corallina Olsson, 1971 f (10 m) Family CARDIIDAE Acrosterigma pristipleura (Dall, 1901) f (10 m) F Class GASTROPODA Family LOTTIIDAE Lottia mesoleuca (Menke, 1851) a, b, c A, B Lottia stipulata (Reeve, 1855) a @ Family FISSURELLIDAE Diodora inaequalis (Sowerby, 1835) c @ Fissurella virescens Sowerby, 1835 a, b, c A Fissurella longifissa Sowerby, 1863 a, b, c A Fissurella rugosa Sowerby, 1835 c @ Family TURBINIDAE Arene (Arena) stellata McLean, 1970 g G § Arene sp. g G § Otollonia fricki (Crosse, 1865) g G § Family TROCHIDAE Tegula pelliserpentis (Wood, 1828) a, b A Tegula verrucosa McLean, 1970 c ƒ Tegula panamensis (Philippi, 1849) b A R Family NERITIDAE Nerita scabricosta Lamarck, 1822 a, b, c A Nerita funiculata Menke, 1851 b, c A, B Theodoxus luteofasciatus (Miller, 1879) d D Family LITTORINIDAE Nodilittorina aspera (Philippi, 1846) a, b, c B, C Nodilittorina modesta (Philippi, 1846) a, b, c A, B Family RISSOIDAE Rissoina allemani Bartsch, 1915 g G § Family VITRINELLIDAE Vitrinella sp. g G § Family TURRITELLIDAE Turritella leucostoma Valenciennes, 1832 e @ relative wave intensity, shade (light- dark) of 28 REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL Cont. TABLE 1 Site Habitat Other Family MODULIDAE Modulus disculus (Philippi, 1846) g G § Family CERITHIIDAE Cerithium adustum Kiener, 1841 c ƒ Family PLANAXIDAE Planaxis planicostatus Sowerby, 1825 a, b, c A, B Family CERITHIDEIDAE Cerithidea montagnei (d’Orbigny, 1839) d D Cerithidea californica Haldeman, 1840 a @ Family HIPPONICIDAE Pilosabia pilosa (Deshayes, 1832) a E (3 m) Family NATICIDAE Polinices caprae (Philippi, 1852) f (10 m) Family CYPRAEIDAE Zonaria arabicula (Lamarck, 1811) a @ Family OVULIDAE Jenneria pustulata (Lightfoot, 1786) c @ Family TONNIDAE Malea ringens (Swainson, 1822) a E (3 m) Family RANELLIDAE Linatella wiegmanni (Anton, 1839) c ƒ Family BURSIDAE Bursa corrugata corrugata (Perry, 1811) b A Family CERITHIOPSIDAE Cerithiopsis sp. 1 g G § Cerithiopsis sp. 2 g G § Family TRIPHORIDAE Triphora sp. 1 g G § Triphora sp. 2 g G § Triphora sp. 3 g G § Family MURICIDAE Hexaplex princeps (Broderip, 1833) c E (1 m) Stronomita haemastoma (Linnaeus, 1758) b B R Thais melones (Duclos, 1832) a, b, c A, B Thais muricata (Broderip, 1833) b A R Acanthais brevidentata (Wood, 1828) a, b, c A, B Cymia tecta (Wood, 1828) c B Plicopurpura patula pansa (Gould, 1853) a, b, c A Family BUCCINIDAE Cantharus sanguinolentus (Duclos, 1833) c A Family FASCIOLARIDAE Leucozonia cerata (Wood, 1828) c A Opeatostoma pseudodon (Burrow, 1815) a, c E (1 m) Family COLLUMBELLIDAE Columbella labiosa Sowerby, 1822 c A Columbella major Sowerby, 1832 c A Costoanachis boivini (Kiener, 1841) c A Costoanachis lentiginosa (Hinds, 1844) a B Family TURBINELLIDAE Vasum caestus (Broderip, 1833) a, f (3, 10 m) F, G Family TEREBRIDAE Hastula cinerea (Born, 1778) c ƒ Family TURRIDAE Pilsbryspira melchersi (Menke, 1851) c B R Family CONIDAE Conus princeps Linnaeus, 1758 c E (1m) the substrate, topographic variations, transect ECOSISTEMAS ACUATICOS DE COSTA RICA II 29 Cont. TABLE 1 Site Habitat Other Conus gladiator Broderip, 1833 c @ Conus purpurascens Sowerby, 1833 c @ Conus fergusoni Sowerby, 1873 f (10 m) F Conus patricius Hinds, 1843 f (3 m) F Conus nux Broderip, 1833 c A Family BULLIDAE Bulla punctulata Sowerby, 1850 a ƒ Family SIPHONARIIDAE Siphonaria gigas Sowerby, 1825 a, b, c A Siphonaria palmata Carpenter, 1857 a, b, c A Sites (Fig. 1): a = Rocky zone between Playa Manuel Antonio and Playitas Gemelas; b = Punta Catedral; c = Puerto Escondido; d = Mangrove; e = Playa Espadilla; f = Isla Olocuita (depth of collection); g = playa Manuel Antonio.
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