ANTIAP ARTHEID N

ANTIAP ARTHEID N The hewspaper of the Anti-Apartheid Movement lop As174Africansliedeadthousandsdeman nt is Noarmsforapartheid o SIXTEEN years after S bar yille at least 176 peopjle dift week of demonstrati.., in ,i .C. ....Mis 5 0~ w UT"R~~ OTHARICA Thousands "thro .. PicturebyMorning Stir Jhousands marched through London on June 27 to protest against the South African police shootings which left at least,176 dead and over 1100 injured- o S A " . Freedom for Southern Africa: SOWETO ~COMMEMORATION Where does',Britain stand? TSERYCE15JULY 5.30 pm CENTRAL, HALL, WESTMINSTER, SWi ST PAULSCATHEDRAL Service of Commemoration -and Intercession for all those . .. ..killed and injured in Sowetp speakers include: Bishop Trevor Huddleston Ken Gill (AUEW-TASS)- and other cities in South Duma Nokwe (ANC of South Africa)_ Abdul S Minty (AAM) Africa Charles Clarke (NUS), Organised by International Tickets 20p-from AAM 89 Charlotte St London Wi (01-580 5311) or at the door Defence &'Aid Fund since the mid-1960s. AA NEWS reports on the facts exposed by the Christian Insitute of Southern Africa, cente pages Smith hits back in Z imbabwe IN Zimbabwe freedom fightrs' have stepped up their offensive and the white minority is bringing in more and n?,ore repressive measures. AA NEWS reports on the latest developments, page 8 SA tries come-back into world sport WHITE South Africa has been excluded from international competition in almost every major world sport. In a Special Surveyto mark the 1976 Olympics, AA NEWS reviews the current state of play , page 12 iUN Semhinar'plans Saction against aparth STHE UN Special Committee Against Apartheid held an International Seminar attended by 150 delegates from antiapartheid organisetions all over the world in Cube in May. A Special 3page AA NEWS Report on its conclusions appears on pages 9,10 & 11

As hundreds of thousands of Africans march to Vorster's police h~ 11S- shoot to AT LEAST 176 KILLED, PROBABLY MANY HUNDREDS MORE-OVER.1100 INJURED-OVER 1000 ARRESTS. In the orgy of police violence unleashed on demonstrating Africans in June some facts stand out: * The South African police shot to kill, without warning, first into a crowd of 10 000 marching high school students in Soweto on June 16, then repeatedly into other groups of demonstrators in Soweto and other townships. * Only 22 policemen were injured, none killed, and only, two whites were killed-both on the first day of the demonstrations. * The South African Police Minister, Piet Kruger, cynically lied on several occasions when he said that police had fired warning shots and had opened fire only in selfdefence. * Prime Minister Vorster reacted by saying that the demonstrations were the result of a conspiracy by 'subversive' organisations-in effect serving notice that the South African Government will use them as a pretext for intensifying its drive against all antiapartheid political activity. In the demonstrations which enbulfed all of Johannesburg's African townships, most other major centres in South Africa's industrial heartland and which spread to four of the so-called 'homelands', other facts became dear: * The protest by high school students in Soweto and other areas against the introduction of Afrikaans as a medium of instruction was their way 6f asserting their rejection of the whole apartheid system. * In Soweto the entire African community rallied behind the students' protest. Even the Mayor of Soweto, whose function is to preside over the powerless Urban BantuCoun,cdl, itself an apartheid institu- tion, was poshed by the force of the eveists into saying: "The victims must be given a mass funeral because theydied while the students were fighting for a national issue." * The demonstrations spread to different sectors of the African population, for whom the flashpoints were different aspects of apartheid policy. In Mabopane, outside Pretoria, workers who had just been hit by steep rises in bus fares, went on strike for higher say, Outside Mabopane, which falls inside the Bophuthat swana 'homeland', African agricultural workers attacked a white farm. " Everywhere the form which the demonstrations took was, the same-attacks against the machinery through which apartheid is administered, against government buildings, against the police and troops and-at the start of the protest in Soweto-against officials of the Department of Bantu Administration. Buildings destroyed included 53 Bantu Administration buildings, 67 State-owned beer halls and bottle stores, 13 schools and 8 State hotels, According to one report only four houses were attacked in the first week of the demonstrations. 0 Demonstrators had a gut militancy which showed itself in their willingness to attack targets against all the 'odds. A black journalistdesicribedhow children in Soweto reacted after the police had opeied fire: "Many seemed oblivious to the danger. They continued running towards thei police-dodging and ducking." Throughout the protests the demonstrators showed the' desperation of people who have nothing to lose. * The attacks were not-in the main- against whites as such: they were against the whitesin the Department of Bantu Administration, in the education system and in the police Pictures by Popperfoto and army-who were most blatantly enforcing apartheid. When white students in Johannesburg demonstrated in support of the high school students in Soweto, black passers-by joined in. So what are the lessons of Soweto, Alexandra, Boksburg, Tembis, Turfloop, Empangeni, Dudusa, Benoni, Springs, Mabopane, Mainelodi and Hammanskreal, June 1976? One-if anyone needs to learn it -is that apartheid is felt by black South Africans as a system of total oppression, within which there is no room for any kind of advance. In particular they have demonstrated that the stepping up of the Vorster Government's Bantustan policy has given-them nothing and that their experience shows them that it is just a refinement of apartheid. Another is that the Vorster Government has no intention of giving away one inch of white supremacy, that it will inflict any amount of bloodshed, that it will shoot-and shoot to kill- again and again rather than abandon any show their rejection of apartheid kill "The police used the greatest measure of selfcontrol throughout and used the absolute minimum of force in the face of extreme provocation." James Kruger, South African Minister of Police, June 17 1976. "No, we fired into the crowd. It's no good firing over their heads." Senior police official at Orlando* police station, Johannesburg, quoted in The Times, June 17 1976 "When it becanre clear that the police would be overwhelmed and their lives were in serious danger, the police fired in selfdefence." James Kruger, South African Minister of Police, June 1.7 1976. "A small boy dropped to the ground next to me. I realised then that the police were not firing warning shots. They'were shooting into the crowd. More children fell. There seemed to be no plan. The police were merely blasting away at the mob." AIf Khumalo, black journalist, quoted in the Observer June 20 1976. "From now on we will use tougher methods." Brigadier J Visser, Johannesburg police chief, speaking on June 18 when the official casualty figures stood at 70 deadand 8W injured. "Afrikaans was forced down black students just as much as the Trust Land Act, pass laws, migratory labour, job reservation, tribal universities and, above all, the detestable policy of separate development which was unilaterally imposed in South Africa." Statement by two members of the Lebowa 'homeland' lkssembly, June 22 1976. "The language issue is merely the spark that lit the resentment that is building up among black people. Winnie Mandela, June 17 1976. part of its domination over its black labour force. The last is that the masses of South Africa, are on the move-the young people, but not just the young people, the workers in the factories and on the farms, and that the long and difficult struggle is once more on the advance. THE African National Congress underground inside South Africa issued a call to people to hold meetings on June 26, South Africa Freedom Day, to protest against the police killings and to continue the struggle. In a leaflet distributed immediately after the killings, the ANC said that since Sharpeville the people had learned that peaceful protest was not enough. 'We have taken the road of armed struggle under the leadership of the ANC. " It told people to paint slogans in the locations, in the cities and wherever people gathered, saying "Revenge our Martyrsl", "Amandla Ngawethu!", Maatla ke a Rona" "Free Mandela, Hang Vorster!". THE UN Security Council unanimously condemned the Vorster Government for 'massive violence' against Africans, at an emergency meeting on June. 19. ' In a resolution adopted without a vote, the Council called on South Africa "urgently to end violence against the African people, and take urgent steps to eliminate apartheid and racial discrimination". "I deplore the loss of innocent lives in recent incidents in South Africa. The continuing tensions and unrest in the country emphasises once again the necessity for an end to the policy of apartheid and racial discrimination." Dr Kurt Waldheim, UN Secretary General It went on to recognise "the legitimacy of the struggle of the South African people". In its most significant clause it reaffirmed that apartheid was a "crime against the conscience and dignity of mankind and seriously disturbs international peace and security". This means that the Western Powers on the Security Council have all but agreed that apartheid South Africa constitutes a threat to world peace which, under the UN Charter, gives the Security Council the responsibility of taking mandatory action against it. On behalf of the UN Special mourning on June 21 for those killed in the shootings. Flags flew at half-mast and Radio Zambia broadcast anti-apartheid speeches by the President and other African leaders. President Ferdinand Marcos of 'the Philippines ordered the returns to South Africa of 100 000 cartonsof imported South African tinned fish. He said that the move was to comply with UN sanctions British protests against the killings: AAM calls for strict arms i embargo against South Africa: House of Commons Early Day I Motion: ANC leader condemns shootings, centre, pages Committee Against Apartheid, its Acting Chairmen, Haiti's UN Ambassador Raoul Siclait, said that the events showed "yet another example of the brutality -of the Vorster regime which has again resorted to large-scale detentions, trials, and tortures of prisoners". * But they also showed, he said, "the growing militancy of the oppressed people and their courage in the face of inhuman repression" In Zambia President Kenneth Kaunda declared a national day of agaimst South 'Africa. The I LO Workers' Group, at its meeting in Geneva, ondemned the South African regime's "brutal murder of innocent Africans", It went on to appeal tp world opinion to take immediate action to end apartheid. Harbour workers in Wellington, New Zealand, imposed a one-month ban on handling cargo to and from South Africa to demonstrate their condemnation of the massacre. In Australia dockers in the ports of Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane nave called for a national ban on all South African cargo In Tokyo, demonstrators marched to the South African consulate to hend.in a letter "I appeal to the peoples and governments of the world to end all forms of c6U;bration with apartheid. It is' tragic to see French Alouette helicopters and British landrovers being used to break up protests of black school children." Bishop Ambrose Reeves, P resident, Anti-Apartheid Movement protesting against the police action. When the South African coniul refused to accept the note, they want to the Japanese Foreign Ministry to demand that Japan abide by UN resolutions against South Africa'and impose an economic boycott. In Paris lorries carrying riot police blocked the road leading to the South African Embassy to block tlie path of demonstrators proteting against the South African police action. ACTION NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL AUEW THE National Conference of the engineering workers union, AUEW has instructed the union's National Executive Council to conduct a vigorous campaign to dissuade workers from emigrating to South Africa. The resolution also asked AUEW's NEC to press for a meeting between the TUC General Council and SACTU (South African Congress of Trade Unions) to discuss solidarity action, and called for the release of TASS member Dave Kitson and TGWU member Sean Hosey from South African gaols. NALGO NALGO members were asked to take action to persuade local autho. rities to disinvest from companies with major operations in Southern Africa, at a meeting on Southern Africa held during NALGO's annual conference on June 8. The speakers were SACTU representative Zola Zembe, Hattie September of the African National Congress Women's League, NALGO NEC member Tony Ayland, and Hugh Bayley-who represented the Anti Apartheid Movement Trade Union Committee. The meeting was chaired by NALGO NEC member Ted Dingle. Delegates were asked to propose that their branches affiliate to the Anti-Apartheid Movement NATFHE THE Inner London Alegion of the furhter education teachers union NATFHE has condemned the police shooting of high school students in Soweto. It has also affiliated to the Anti-Apartheid Movement and urged NATFHE's National Executive to do the same. Lambeth LAMBETH Central Labour Party has called on the Government to implement a strict arms embargo against South Africa The Party decided to affiliate to the Anti-Apartheid Movement. CAMDEN Anti-Apartheid Group held a demonstration to mark South Africa Freedom Day in Hampstead on June 26. It is also planning to mount the SATIS (Southern Africa-The Imprisoned Society) exhibition on August 1 and to hold a performance of the play 'Caliban Lives' by the Tembe Theatre Company. Birmingham BIRMINGHAM Anti-Apartheid Movement is planning a series of study meetings on Southern African issues. The first-on the arms embargo against South Africa-was held on June 29. On June 26 a Summer Fair was held to raise funds for the medical and welfare needs of Zimbabwe liberation movement camps in Mozambique. Contact: Kate Waugh, 33B Park Hill, Moseley, Birmingham 13, tel 021-449 7219. Dundee SCOTTISH Anti-Apartheid Groups held a meeting in Dundee on June 19 to exchange information and discuss future activities. Abdul Minty.spoke at the meeting about Anti-Apartheid Movement priorities in the situation of crisis which now faces the white minority regimes in Southern Africa. Barnet BARNET Anti-Apartheid Group distributed postcards to Barnet shoppers on Saturday Ju'ne 12 calling on the British Government to ask the Vorster regime to reprieve Aaron Mushimba and Hendrik Shikongo, the two SWAPO leaders sentenced to death in Namibia. They also collected signatures to the SATIS Emergency Petition for an end to South African police brutality and torture. Coptact: Joan Darling. 61 Dollis Park, London N3 I HJ, tel 01-34 7740, Brighton BRIGHTON University AntiApartheid Group members picketed the South African Penguins cricket team when they played in Eastbourne in June. The demonstration was wellcovered by the local press and a member of the group explained why it was opposed to the Penguins visit in an interview on Southrn TV. * Norwich NORWICH Anti-Apartheid Group held an inaugural public meeting on June 23 at which Dulcie September, a former South African political prisoner, spoke to over 80 people. The meeting sent a resolution-to Prime Minister Callaghan stating that the shooting of school children in Soweto was "the latest brutal action in a long history of oppression". It called on the Labour Government to end "all cultural, political, economic and military links" with South Africa. Bristol BRISTOL Anti-Apartheid Group held a public meeting on Southern Africa which was attended by over 100 people on June 8. The speaker was Colin Winter, Bishop of Damaraland-in-Exile, and a film about Namibia was shown. AAM members in the Bristol area are asked to contact Ron Press, 310 Ashley Down Rd, Bristol, tel 426608. Mid- Sussex SUSSEX membeys of the AntiApartheid Movement are planning to hold a meeting to build up support for a Mid-Sussex AA Group. On Saturday June 19 they mounted an information stand at Brighton's Labour Fair, Leeds LEEDS Area Communist Party orgenised a week of activity around the theme 'What is Happening in Southern Africa?', June 13-19. It included the showing of the exhibition 'Southern Africa-The Imprisoned Society! at Leeds Trades Club, the distribution of leaflets about the Southern African liberation movements, the production of a special poster, and meetings in Leeds, Halifax and Huddersfield. As a result it was agreed to set up a Leeds study group on Southern Africa-anyone interested should contact Paul Hudson, B Westminster Buildings, 31 New York St, Leeds 2. Methodists METHODISTS reaffirmed their opposition to the Midland Bank's loans to the South African Government at their National Conference held in Preston in June. During the Conference over 200 people attended a meeting to - mark South Africa Freedom Day, June 26. Local groups At meeting of local Anti-Apartheid Group representatives held in London on June 12 discussed current activity and priorities for future work, It was decided to plan regional anti-apartheid conferences in the Brighton area, South Wales and Yorkshire. Further information: Chris Child, AAM, 89 Charlotte St, London WIP 2D, tel 01-580 5311., CHRIS Child has joined the fulltime staff of the Anti-Apartheid Movement. Hlis work will include organising in trade unions and with local anti-apartheid groups. The world tells South Africa: 'We condemn Soweto massacre'

'Stop US deal with Vorster' ANTI-Apartheid Movement joint statement bythe African situation, at the very time when supporters picketed the US National Congress of South Africa the struggles to end the regime's Embassy in Grosvenor Square on and SWAPO (South West African domination in Namibia and South June 23-the day that US Secretary People's Organisation of Namibia), Africa are intensifying and need of State Kissinger met South describing the meetings as "a major increased intsrnational support. African Prime Minister Vorster in diplomatic coup' for the South "The discussions will undoubt, West Germany-to protest against African regimte. edly pave the way for closer themeeting. Theliberationmovementssaid collaborationbetweenSouthAfrica Two days earlier-on June 21- that, if the meetings took place, and the West in nuclear and techthey demomtrated outside the "Vorster will be significantly nological matters, significantlyWest German Embassy strengthenedinhis efforts to strengthening South Africa's The demqnstrations followed a present his regime as the honest position as a useful aQent of Western broker of the Southern African interests in Africa." I K LIS Picture by Morning Star Anti-Apartseid demonstrators protesting to- French President Giscard d'Estaing about Franej's arms sales to South Africa when he arrived in London on June 22 Nuclear deal condemned by French trade unions FRANCE's decision to supply Africa, and the Friends of the they must bear "the full conseSouth Africa with two nuclear Earth organisation. quences of their action". reactors has met with widespread In Africa, the Acting General The Congo Republic accused opposition from public opinion in Secretary of the OAU, Noureddine France of sacrificing the fate of France, from African countries and Djoudi, dismissed the French tens of thousands of Africans, at the UN and the OAU, Government's statements that thie fighting to recover their human In France, the decision was reactors were intended exclusively dignity, to its own commercial immediately condemned by the for the production of electricity advantage. FrenchCommunistPartyandby as'unconvincing'. .InZambia,theActingForeign the smaller PSU (United Socialist MinistersummoredtheFrench Party) and Revolutionary Commu- AFRICAN National Congress leader Ambassador to tell him that the nist League. Duma Nokwe'has asked the French Zambian Government took 'strong The Communist Party derqanded people to do everything they can exception' to France's willingness that the Government revoke the to stop the signing of the contract to accept the contract. deal and end all nuclear and mili- for the supply of French nuclear The All African Students Union tary collaboration with the Vorster reactors to South Africa. and the All African Council of Government. Hemadehisappealduringthe Churcheshavealso condemned the France's two biggest trade union visit of a three-man ANC delega- deal. confederations, the CGT and the tion which travelled to France in At the UN, the Chairman of CSDT, have also condemned the June at the invitation of the the Special Committee Against contract. FrenchCommunistParty. Apartheid,NigerianAmbassador In a statement,-the anti-racist During their visit, members of Leslie Harriman, called on the orgenisation MRAP said that the the ANC delegation spoke at French Government to abrogate decision to supply South Africa factory meetings and held talks the deal. with nuclear reactors that would with the leaders of the Communist The African National Congress enable it to make atomic bombs Party and other organisations. made a bitter protest to French had placed France "more than ever President Giscard d'Estaing, which at the head of supporters of the he Nigerian Government stated:"WecallontheFrench rastuthAofsrsof Governmenttouseitsauthorityto racistSouthAfrica, warnedcountries-especially West stop the realisation of this bloody The deal was also denounced by Germany, France, Netherlands * the French Protestant Federation, and Switzerland-which traded na telegram tothe French the French Anti-Apartheid with Nigeria and at thesame time Government, SWAPO accused it of Committee, the Association for supported the white minority putting Frnce squarely on the side Solidarity with the Peoples of Government in South Africa that - l racsueyothsi .Edamsss - monst toe enemies of Africa 'End arms sales' -demonstrators tell Giscard 'FRENCH Arms Kill Children' was teargas against marching school the message to French President students in Soweto-to South Giscgrd d'Estaing from African Africa and against the nuclear deal National Congress members and about to be signed supporters of the Anti-Apartheid The French President was conMovement, when he arrived on a fronted by another picket when he four-day State visit to Britain on visited the Houses of Parliament on, June 22. the second day of his visit. The demongtrators were pro- Inside nearly 100 MPs signed a testing against the sale of French House of Commons Early Day arms-inluding the, Alouette heli- Motion sponsored by Labour MP copters which were used to spray Bob Hughes, expressing 'grave conAAM plans action against UK teacher recruitment in UK SbUTH Africa is trying to recruit advertisements for teaching posts in teachers in Britain and other over- South Africa, so that it can explain seas countries, according to its to potential recruits the race disEducation Minister, Piet Koornhof. crimination built into the South The Anti-Apartheid Movement is African education system. appealing to supporters to monitor Contact: Yvonne Strachan, AAM, the professional and locai press for 89 Charlotte St, London W1P 2D0. cern' at France's support for apartheid. And a letter, signed by Labour MPs Bob Hughes, Joan Lestor, Frank Hooley, Judith Hart, John Mendelson and Ian Mikardo, asked the Pre-ident not to go ahead with France's plans to sell nuclear reactors to South Africa. In Scotland demonstrators met the President when he arrived in Edinburgh on June 25. ILO to hold S Africa meeting THE ILO Workers' Group unani, mously decided to hold an international trade union conference against apartheid in 1977, at the I LO conference held in Geneva in June. The decision was taken in response to a request from SACTU Petition calls for end to torture A petition, signed by over 15 000 people, demanding an end to police brutality, torture and murder in South Africa and Namibia. was delivered to Prime Minister James Callaghan on South Africa Freedom Day-June 26. It asked the British Government to make representations to secure the immediate release of all South African and Namibian political prisoners and detainees. The petition was presented by nine former political prisoners and detainees who had spent a total of over 55 years in South African prisons. Signatories included playwright Harold Pinter, former Lord Chancellor Lord Gardiner, engineering union President Hugh Scanlon, the former Dean of Johannesburg, Reed Gonville ffrench Beytagh, and many Labour and, Liberal MPs. Among them also were over 400 Methodist lay missionaries and membeirs of AUEW(TASS), ASTMS, the union of teachers in further education NATFHE, the local government workers union NALGO and CPSA. For the six weeks leading up to June 26, supporters of SATIS (Southern Africa-The Imprisoned Society) had maintained a daily lunch-time vigil outside South Africa House. The vigil was manned by members of many organisations-among them the Catholic Institute of International Relations, the Fellowship of Reconciliation, the West Indian Standing Conference, Liberation, the Tory Reform Group, London District Communist Party, the trade unions AUEW(TASS), CPSA, ASTMS Division 8, NATFHE, NALGO and APEX, the NUS and the African National Congress of South Africa. SWAPO representative Peter KatjaVivi appealed for support for the campaign to win a reprieve for EEC rebuff foi THE South African Government failed in an attempt to arrange a meeting between Transkei 'Cabinet' member George Matanzima and the EEC Commissioners in June. After representations by AntiApartheid Movements in the EEC countries-who were informed of the attempt by the British AAMthe first meeting of the EEC-African. Caribbean and Pacific (Lome Convention) countries Consultative Assembly opposed any de facto recognition of the Transkei. The 20 detained in TWENTY people were detained-in the Transkei in June under Proclgmartion 400. They included the editor of a Xhosa language newspaper and a trainee black 'diplomat'. As well as giving the Transkei authorities the power to detain people indefinitely, Proclamation 400 outlaws all public meetings without police permission. L condemned SWAPO leaders Aaron Mushimba and Hendrik Shikongo, at a meeting held in London by SAT/Son June 25. At the meeting-held to mark South Africa Freedom Day, June 26- several hundred people saw a new film about the struggle in Namibia. ,M P Naicker, Director of Information of the African National Congress of South Africa, demanded an end to British arms sales to South Africa, and ANC's Mayibuye cultural unit presented a programme of songs and readings. The Anti-Apartheid Movement's Executive Secretary, Mike Terry, called, for greater support for the Movement's campaigns for the isolation of white South Africa and for a big turn-out for the rally on June 27. * Transkei envoy Irish Government also came out against a meeting with George Matanzima. As a result the EEC Commissioners said that they were only prepared to meet himas a member of a South African delegation, which would not discuss the Transkei. This proposal was rejected by South Africa, and George Matanzima had to be content with low-level receptions-not just at the EEC Headquarters in Brussels but throughout his European visit. Bantustan Twenty-six people are still 'banished'-ie restricted to remote locations-in terms of the Proclamation. Eight of them have been banished by the Transkei authorities in the last five years, and nine have been banished for more than 10 years by the South African Government. MRAP puts apartheid on trial MRAP, the national French Move- The meeting was attended by ment againstRacism and Anti- arund 100 people, many of them Semitism and for Peace, staged a delegates from peace, christian and one-day conference in the form of a progressive organisations. trial of the apartheid system on The conference proposed the May,23. establishmentofaparliamentary The tribunal, composed of commission of inquiry to investileading figures in French public life, gate- all aspects of France's relations heard testimony from three repre- with Southern Africa in general sentatives of the ANC (South and South Africa in particular. Africa), from a representative of Assisting MRAP with the SWAPOandSACTU,and from organisationofthe conference, several French experts. Evidence and important for the follow-up covered the Bantustans, political work that is now being done, were and economic repression, Namibia, 26 organisations representing a and apartheid South Africa broad spread of political pressure groups,

Trial THE two SWAPO leaders sentenced to death under the Terrorism Act are still awaiting a ruling on their application for leave to appeal-as evidence mounts that their-trial was a travesty of justice. Aaron Mushimba and Hendrik Shikongo were condemned to death although they were not even accused of themselves committing any act of violence. It has now become known that documents stolen from the offices of the defence lawyers were handed to the Security Police, and that the police were kept informed of developwents in the build-up of the defence case throughout the trial. The information was handed over by one of the partners in the defence lawyers' firm and by its jrwitchboard operator. Other employees of the firm have testified that they were approached by members of the Security Police with requests for confidential information: The defence has applied for a special entry to be made in the court record of the trial detailing the "irregular and illegal departures papers from the rules.,.which the law requires for a fair trial". The observer sent by the International Commission of Jurists to the trial, a Senior Counsel of the Irish Bar, Patrick MacEntee, has described the trial as "an oppressive and highly unsatisfactory judicial process". He said that during his stay in Namibia he received convincing evidence of the torture of several of the accused and of State witnesses. He also criticised the choice of the small seaside town of Swakopmund as the venue for the trial on the grounds that it "added immeasurably to the difficulty and expense of mounting a defence". He described the prosecution evidence as "selective and incomplete" and cited the failure of the prosecution to produce in court two women it alleged were eye- witnesses to the killing of Chief Filemon Elifas, in which Hendrik Shikongo was said to have been involved. He said that the death sentences were"hrsh in the extreme" in the light of the fact that neither of the accused was cohvictedof murder face Terror TEN Namibiansare facing charges under the Terrorism Act, in a trial which has been given a deliberately low profile by the South African regime. The ten appeared briefly in Windhoek Magistrates' Courf-on May 21, charged with being directly or indirectly involved in the murder of four whites and the death of a black policeman over-a fourmonth period between December ,725 and April 1976. On December 21, a Whitewoman, Shirley Louw, and her 12year old son were shot dead by two unidentified assailants at their farm Kalhugel outside Grootfontein in north-ejstern Namibia. Two months later, on February 16 a white farmer, Gerd Walther. and his wife Elks were killed at Okatjiho, about 40 miles north of Windhoek. The police subsequently alleged, on the basis of fingerprint evidence, that the two man responsible were the same in each case. They were eventually tracked down to a house in Itatutura township outside Windhoek, and in the Act charges course of a police shoot-out on the night of April 19. one of the.,u, Filemon Nangola, was wounded and captured, and a black police detective sergeant was killed. The other, Kenisius Heneleshi, has still not been captured. Filemon Nangola. together with Rael Shifotolathe woman occupant of the Katutura house. are among the tee charged. It is not known how the other eight came to be arrested or what the precise details of the charges against them are. What is clar is that the Windhock police have been coming under some pressure in recent weeks, particularly from the white farming community, to make some quick arrests, and security in and around the capital Nas been very noticeably tightened up. , Two days before the ten appeared in court, a further ten people, all suspected SWAPO members, were arrested and detained in Windhoek, while others have been picked up by the police in Ovamboland. page i and of the "unsatisfactory aspects" of the trial. As a result of his report, the ICJ has said that it is unthinkable that the death sentences should be allowed to stand. Meanwhile, Aaron Mushimba's wife has been threatened with eviction from her house in Katutura township ostside Windhoek. The authorites have told her that she must leave "because your husband is no longer with you and will not join you". In France, prominent writers, politicians and other public figures have signed an appeal to the French Government to intervene with the South African authorities on behalf of the SWAPO leaders. The appeal was launched by the anti-racist !movement M RAP. Thousands of postcards calling on the British Government to demand clemency for Aaron Mushimba and Hendrik Shikongo have been distributed by SA TIS (Southern Africa- The Imprisoned Society). Postcards are available from SATIS. c/o Anti-Apartheid Movement. 89 Charlotte St London WIP2DQ, tel 01-580 5311. Aaron Mushimb, SWAPO NationalOrganiser, in northern Namibia, Ten more Namibians Vorster goes ahead with Bantustans in Namibia WHILE Vorster is in Europe trying to sell his Namibian constitutional talks to the West, South African administrators in Namibia are going ahead with the partitioning of the country into 'Bantustans' on the lines of the 1962 Odendaal report, South Africa's 'blueprirnt for Namibia. Since March plans have been announced for the granting of 'selfgovernment' to the Caprivi and Rehoboith areas. However, militant oppositfon by members of the Rehoboth community, as well as the fears of certain Rehoboth delegates to the Turnhalle conference that such a development would finally destroy their credibility and the credibility of the talks, both at home and abroad, have combined to force the South African Govern- ment to postpone the implementation of the Rehohoth SelfGovernment Bill. In Ovamboland and Kavangaland, where Bantustan'governments restaurants and schools: apart though from the decision by one hotel chain to open its doors to everyone, nothing else has changed Certain delegations are reported to be pressing for the conference to be given statutory powers to implement its decisions, but for the time being at least this objective isbing frustrated. But although dissatisfactions seem to be bringing the collapse of the talks closer and closer, powerful interests are at work to keep them going In particular, Dirk Mudge, a member of the South African administration in Namibia and a delegate to the talks, appears to have recognised the need to accommodate some of these" grievances, and is clearly manoeuvrlng beyond the limits to which his Nationalist Party colleagues Eben van Zijl and exSouth African Cabinet Minister A H da Plessis are prepared to go. At this moment a 'constitution the Names and the Basters are demanding more land for their people"; this, coupled with the appointment of separate legal advisers, suggests thata selfinterested scramble for land may be developing among the Bantustan chiefs. With the imminence of the" Acgsft 31 UN Securty Council deadline-the South African regime will have difficulty convincing the international community that the talks are a genuine constitutional process. 'But they are bound to make every effort to do so, and in this they will undoubtedly receive ,covert support from the Western powers, particularly Britain. There is no question that the West is putting pressure on South Africa to make the talks more credible, particularly by inviting SWAPO to join them. At its internal conference in Walvis Bay, Namibia, a few weeks ago, SWAPO reaffirmed its total condemnation of the talks and its have already been established, the subcommittee' ,s sitting in Windhoek determination not to participate *Bcr Bantustan infrastructure is being to draw up constitutional proposals in them. SWAPO also confirmed Ban.n ercena y recruitment coisolidated. forsubmissiontotheconference: itsconditionsforanykIndoftalks Some delegates to the Turnhalle this particular move seems to have with the South African regime: THE Angola Solidarity Committee also arranged three meetings at conference appear to be disturbed been masterminded by Mudge, who withdrawal of South African police has distributed 50 000 copies of a which Jack Drqmney will report by the continuing implementation is sitting on the committee. and army, commitment to the leaflet calling for a ban on mercenary Ldon N4R in Namibia of South Africa's There are signs that some delega- unitary state of Namibia, free recruitment in Britain and calling London N4. Bantustan policies and by their tions have abandoned the pretence national elections under UN for supportforthePeople's Funds raised for growing realisationthatthe thatthetalksaremeanttodo supervision andcontrol. Republicof Angola. circa conferenrce in fact has no power, anything more than rubberstamp With SWAPO intensifying its Organisations which have Namibian refugees The various committees have by South Africa's Bantustan policy in guerrilla struggle and its campaign lated the leaflet include the Anti- - Namibia S rt now made numerous recommenda- Namibia. of political resistance, time is Apartheid Movement, Clan aah - THE Namibia Support Committee tions for the abolition of apartheid The Windhoek Advertiser of quickly running out for Mr Vorster Eireann, London District Commun- raised E29 towards education kits regulations in theatres, libraries, June 16 reported that "the Ovambos, and his Turnhalle gymnasts. ist Party, Caribbean Labour for Namibian refugee school pupils Solidarity and the LCS Political in Zambia, at a cake sale at the Committee.. WalthamstowCommunityRelations M artiallaw in northern Namibia CbaisntheIrishRepublic tte leaflet Centre on June 19. has been distributed by the official Contact: Claire Weston, tel 01THE Pretoria regime has reacted to down freedom fighters andtheir northernregion. Republican movement, Whichhas 520568. the mott'nting successes-of SWAPO supporters by making it a criminal Already extensive.st'ips of land freedom fighters by throwing more offence to neglect to reportthe immediately adjoining the Angolan POETRY AND MUSIC FOR AFRICAN LIBERATIONI than half the population of Namibia presence of anyone believed to be border have been stripped of all undermartial law. in theregion 'unlawfully'. Persons vegetation, and residents are being Poetry by Under swingeing new regulations - suspected of withholding informa- evacuated from a one kilometre John Matshikiza Lingam Moodley Lewis Nkosi gazetted on May 19, the three tion can be detained indefinitely deep strip running right along the and featuring Drum Call by Lari Williams northern 'homelands' of Ovambo, without charge and specifically border from the Cunene River in the Kavango and Caprivi have been denied access to legal advice, west to the tip of Caprivi in the east. Music by Jabu la declared 'securitydistricts' in Massive powers of arbitrary These bush-clearing operations which freedom of movement and search, seizure, arrest and interro- have come under attack in recent 100 Club, Oxford Street, London Wi political activity have been drasti- gation, formerly vested only in the weeks from SWAPO freedom Sunday July*25 7.30 pm callycurtailed, police under emergencylegislation fighters. Abulldozer was reported The measures are designed to- in force in Ovamboland, have now to have been damaged, equipment Anti-Apartheid Movement Benefit Night force local residents to cooperate been extended to members of the - stolen, and a South African storage Tickets £1.50 from AAM 89 Charlotte St London Wl. 01-580 5311 wilh the security forces in hunting Defence Force throughout the depot destroyed. stolen by BOSS

British equipment used in murdi 'Extend South African arms embargo1to all military and police equipment' AAM THE Anti-Apartheid Movement has appealed tothe Labour Government to enforce a complete arms embargo against South Africa which will cover the supply of of all equipment, spares, patents and 'know- how' to the South African defence and police forces. It has also called on the Govenment to initiate moves to make the UN arms ban against Sosth African mandatory. The Movement has asked the Government to give it the assurances it seeks by Monday July 12-the day on which it has called a public meeting on the arms embargo in Central Hall Westminster. At a press conference feld in London on June 23, Abdul Minty revealed that the Nigerian Government ;s considering taking retaliatory action against corpanies and countries which supply arms to South Africa. He drew attention to a speech wade by Nigeria's Foreign Minister, Brigadier Joe Garba, at the UN Special Committee Against Alarthdid Seminar held in Cuba in May, in which the Mihister said: "We call on friends of Africa to utilise their purchasing power of armaments from defaulting Western countries to pressure them into relenting." I. . * He said that the Nigerian Government has given an assurance that it would warn the British company, Marconi, that it might be ispardising its chances of winnilig contracts in Nigeria if it went ahead with plans to sell tropospheric scatter equipment Protest- by Leyland workers SHOP Stewards at British Leyland have now'sean a classic case of hove condemned the use of Leyland's products being used BLMC Landrovers by the South against black South Africans to African police in the repression-of - prevent them obtaining the eleblack wschootstudentsand workers. mentary rights we take for In a statement made after a granted in this country." *meeting of the BLMC combine He said that Rover shop shop stewards on June 18 jn stewards would now discuss Birminham, senior Rover shop whether they could continue to steward Peter Nicholas said: "We supply vehicles to South Africa. to South Africa. The assurance was given afteradocument circulated by Marconi to British trade unionists was 6VER 70 Labour MPs have calfed on the Government to implement a full embargo on all sales of military arms and police equipment to South Africa. In a House of Commons Early Day motion, they say: "This House extends its sympathy to the people of the African townships within South Africa whose reasonable protests have been so brutally met by the South African police. The motion goes on to ask the Government to sponsor a resolution at the UN calling for the arms embargo to be made mandatory on all UN member nations. drawn to the attention of Nigeria's Foreign Ministry by the Anti-Apartheid Movement. The. document told company employees that the business which the company did,with South Africa would have no adverse effects on its trade with other countries. Abdul Minty said that if the OAU adopted a policy of retaliating against companies or countries which sold military equipment to South Africa, the Arab States might well follow suit. Healso attacked the derisory penalty Imposed on another British firm, Aviation Jersey Ltd, fnt selling spare parts for Centurion tanks to South Africa in contravention of the arms embargo Between August 13 and December 1 last year, Aviation Jersey sold tank parts worth £1 160 000 to the South African Defence Force-but it was fined only Et 600. The parts were supplied to Aviation Jersey by the Ministry of Defence. The Anti-Apartheid Movement has accused the Ministry of 'gross negligence' in failing to check the Lkitimate destination of the spares, and has pointed out that Ministry officials knew that Centurion tanks sold by the firm to Jordan in 1974 were later rt-sold to South Africa. In a letter to Foreign Secretary Anthony Crosland, the Movement says: "The use of British Land. rovers and other British equipment by the South African police and military forces in intimidating the African people will probably have come as a shock to most people in this country. "The events following the demonstrations by school children in Soweto clearly indicate the great threat that apartheid poses to peace and securify in the region. "In the light of the growing conflict in Southern Africa we hope.that the Cabinet will discuss the matter urgently and that the British Government will take a clear stand and refuse to supply military and police equipment to South Africa." The letter was signed by Bishop Trevor Huddleston, David Steel MP, Bob Hughes MP and Abdul Misty, ABDUL Minty flew to Mauritius a the end of June to represent the Anti-Apartheid Movement at the OAU Summit Meeting " held there in the first week of Jdly. The main issues he raised were: i the-introduction of a LN Security Council resolution which will make the arms embargo against South Africa mandatory-ie binding on all UN member states o retaliatory action by African states-against countries which violate the arms ban * the deal by which France is to builda nuclear po wer station for South Africa * NATO's links with the Pretoria Government. Political leaders, churches, unions ,condemn Soweto massacre I[N the wake of the massacre in South Africa, British political leaders, churchmen, trade unionists and many thousands of individual- men and women have protested against the murders committed by the Vorster Government. They were led by Bishop Ambrose Reeves, Bishop of Johannesburg at the time of Sbarpeville and President of the Anti-Apartheid Movement, who said: "The tragic events in Soweto once more reveal the true nature of the apartheid system." He went on: "All members of the UN, Britain especially, should apply strictly the arms embargo against South Africa to prevent any equipment or other forms of assistance being provided to maintain South Africa's military'and police machine." "British Christians will be as dismayed by the Soweto tragedy as they have been by recent events in our own tons and cities, We cannot be self-righteous at this time." Revd Harry Morton, General Secretary, British Council of Churches In a cable to the UN, the AntiApartheid Movement called for the immediate reconvening of the UN Security Council.The day after the news of the massacre, over 300 people swelled the picket called by SATfS (Southern Africa-The Imprisoned Society) outside South Africa House in London. Among them were Bishop Richard Wjod, suffragen Bishop of Damaraland (Namibia), tinetechnicians union leader Alan 6a0pe, Enoch Humphries of the Fire Brigades.Union, Communist Party General Secretary Gordor McLennan and Young'Liberal leader Peter Hain. On behalf of the Labour Party's National Executive Committee, Labour Party General Secretary Ron Hayward "Our comrades in South Africa have to fight for their rights against a most brutal regime which does not allow any democratic methods of expression whatsoever. I hope that protest will be spelt out loud and clear at meetings end demonstrations throughout Britain." Michael Foot MP, Leader of the House of Commons said that the actions of the South African police would remind the British people of the vicious open face of apartheid. He continued: "The British Labour Party reaffirms its support for the oppressedf black population of South Africa. Jack Jones, General Secretary of the Transport & General Workers Union and Chairman of ,the TUC International Committee, said: "White South Africans and their Government must be made tp realise the disgust with which their repressive policies are viewed in all civilised, democratic commuhities. Liberal MP David Steel said that the tragedy of Soweto highlighted the tragedy of the apartheid system itself. Condemning the massacre, the General Secretary of the, British Communist Party, Gordon McLennan, stated: "The Soweto massacre grimly and graphically demonstrates where the foul poison of racism leads-and why racism inust be exposed and defeated everywhere." A telegram sent by the British Council of Churches to the Council of Churches in South / Africa expressed profound shock at the shootings in Soweto. It said that British Christians would join in prayer for race relations both in South Africa and in Britain. The National Union of Teachers expressed its horrr at the outcome of a dispute which had "arisen from an educational matter". In a letter to South African ambassador Carel de Wet, the union's General Secretary, Fred Jarvis, said: "The NUT protests in the strongest possible terms against the calamiWyI n Soweto. It is an appalling commentary on the attitude and policies of the South African Government that it appears ready to condone such action by its police forces." The NUT has called for an immediate enquiry into the shootings to be carried out by the World Confederation of Organisations of the Teachin6 Professions. "We are absolutely horrified at the turn of events and we do not believe that a South African enquiry would bring out the true facts of the situation." Fred Jarvis, General Secretary, National Union of Teachers It has also asked the world body to protest to the South African Government on behalf of its 5 million affiliated teachers. At their annual conference in Ayr, Scottish miners condemned the killings and urged all Governments to work for an end to apartheid. The Executive Committee of AUEWITASS) called on the British Government to exert the maximum possible political and "Trade unionists and the whole Labour Movement must continue to oppose apartheid and everything associated with it and' must' practise real solidarity with the African people in South Africa in their struggle for freedom." Jack Jones, General Secretary, Transport & General Workers. Union . financial pressure to isolate the South African regime. The engineering union's construction section also exoressed its horror at the terrible loss of life in South Africa. Speaking at a miners' rally in Wakefield, the General Secretary of the technical and supervisory union ASTMS, Clive Jenkins, said that the time had come for the British Government to take a lead and not trade in arm with South Africa, and "to say South Africa must be put in quarantine by the civilised nations of the world". Canon Collins, President of the International Defence & Aid Fund, called for the UN to take action against South Africa. Other calls for action came from the National Peace Council. Liberation, NUS, NOLS (National Orgahisation of Labour Students) and the Young Communist League. 'Act together'- ANC leader "THE people of the world must" act together to crush outside militarY support for the apartheid regime," African National Congress leader Duma Nokwe told Anti-Apartheid News, as the news broke of the mass shootings of black demonstrators in South, Africa. Duma Nokwe, the ANC's Deputy Secretary-General, said that he hoped there would be massive demonstrations against the massacre in Soweto and increased international support for the struggle in South Africa He stressed that the clause in led bythe ANC and other South'Africa's new DefenceAct progressiveforces, whichprovidedforSouth African The use of armed repression troops to fight anywhere south of against children, he said, was a the Equator showed the threat to condemnation of the Vorster peace posed by the Vtorster regime. Government. He went on:"Theschool "Allthisconstitutesathreatto children's revolt against being the lives of evey individual n our taught in Afrikaans was their country opposed to the regime, and wayoftakingpartinthe andtothepeaceand security of maturingrevolutionarysituation Southern Africalndthe whole in our country." African continent." Thoi prot THOUSANDS marched throull June 27 to shos at the police rm black school sty other demonstr Africa and to b. Apartheid Mows demand that th Government stc military and po to the Vorster r The march was roves carrying plat "British Leyland L used when South., shot .nd killed seh and by pallbearers coffin. Behind came th Anti Apartheid Mc African National C Africa, the South"/ of Trade Unions, f those of the AUEVS London Division;r unions and other o among them the Ci Party's London D International Socia British Peace Comr Among the man Labour MPs Bob H Judd, Joan Lestor, and Stan Thorne ar General of Amnest, 'We . tell ALL over Britain, come out on marn and vigils to protw murdercof African in South Africa an they support them struggle for basic At Renfrew, ne Labour and trade unanimously cond, obscenity of apartl Michael Foot M demonstrators: "a demonstration we of all express a pro behalf of people ul the country at the which have taken r Africa during the p "The resolution expresses the feelit mass of Socialists u country and also tf trade union moverr Three days later Church of Scotlanc trade union and im leaders, and represe t t page 1 .T of African school children : Bantu Education 'core of apartheid" THE demonstrations by school Bantu Education Act and the students in Soweto were clearly Bantu education system as the predictable, Bishop Trevor heart and core of apartheid Huddleston said at a press confer- legislation,"- he said. ence called by the Anti-Apartheid "It is very significantthatthe MovementonJune23. issuewaschosen asasymbolic TheBishop,wholivedand pointofresistance." a 1 worked in the townshp aroiund He described So weto as the Johannesburg for more than 12 most important African town in years, said that the way in which the Southern African subcontinent the protests had focused on the which had a vigorous political enforced imposition of Afrikaans tradition out of which had come was important. : African leaders like Nelson "/have always regarded the Mandela. usands march to test against shootings ;iofl people Martin Ennals. should send a message loud and cglt London on At the rally which followed clear to US Secretaryof State hitheir outrage the march in Hyde Park Joan Kissinger that he could not bargain massacre of Lestor MP, speaking on behalf of away the freedom rights of the tudents and the Labour Party's National people of South Africa. "You trators in South Executive Committee, urged need a long spoon," he said, "to hock the Anti- Labour Party members on the sup with the devil." march to ensure that the next Simon Hedlitch. Vice-President vement's LabourPartyConferencewas ofthe Young Liberals, said that he British flooded with resolutions demahd- people in Britain must demonstrate top selling all ing an end to Britain's economic so that black South Africans would olice equipment involvement in South Africa. knowthatthllywereCotalone.regime. ShesaidthattheLabour Dave Paterson, President of the as led bya land- Government should have made a National Union of School Students, acards saying formail protest to French Presidevit said that the Vorster Government i Landrovers were Giscarf d'Estaing about France's hod devised "an education system h African police arms sales to South Africa. that breed; deprivation and hate". chool children", John Gaetsewe,4eaking on The demonstration was !rtcarrying a behalf of the African National supported by over 40 organisations Congress of South Africa, said including the Labour, Liberal, the banners of the that the children of Soweto Co-operative and Communist Movement, the carried to their graves bulletsI Parties, 10 major trade unions, I Congress of South made in Italy, Britain, the US the NUS, the Student Christian h African Congress and France, and the police who Movement, the Catholic fnstitute followedby shotthemwerelicensedby invest- for International Relations, black EW's North ments from Western countries, groups, the African National imany student including Britain, in spite of Congress of-South Africa and r organisations appeals from the ANC and other SWAPO (South West African Communist organisations for their with- Peoples Organisation of Namibisi. District,the drawal. THEWestIndianStandingConcialistsandthe Heasked for concrete moral, ference held an all-night torchlight mmittee. - political and material support for vigil outside South Africa House %aichers were the South African liberation on June 26 to proteit against the Hughes, Frank movement. massacreinSowetoandother sr, Max Madden Bob4lughes MP,Vice-Chair- townships and to show their ; and the Secretary man of the Anti-Apartheid solidarity with the black esty International, Movement, said that the rally demonstrators there. support you' British people South Africa's black majority political organisations picketed the South African consulate in Glasgow. South African officials refused to accept a letter of protest from a deputation led by the Assistant General Secretary of the Scot TUC, Jimmy Kirkwood, Labour MP Norman Buchan and Dr G S Bedi of the Indian Workers Association. Is Manchester supporters of the Anti-Apartheid Movement demonstrated in the City Centre on the Saturday following the shootings. On Wednesday June 23 they picketed the South African consulate and on Thursday they held a public protest meeting. In Birmingham members of the local anti-apartheid group distributed leaflets to church-goers and students and at trade uniot offices and working men's clubs asking people to protest against the outrage and explaining why they were calling for an end to the supply of arms and to investment in South Africa. They also canvassed support at British Leyland's Rover plant. At the BLMC plant at Longbridge, Birnngham, shop stewards wrote to Prime Minister James Callaghan askinghim to stop the supply of British arms to South Africa and to end trade and invescment there. In Exeter a hastily assembled demonstration mustered 50 people on June 19 to protest against the massacre. Bristol Trades Council condemned the shootings and antiapartheid supporters in the city marched through the main shopping centre on the Saturday morning following the killings. Anti-racist organisationt'in Oxford held a protest march and rally on Saturday June 26, South Africa Freedom Day. In Newcastle protesters picketed the South African consulate on June 26. Security down on THE wave of detentions and ment 'boi trials under the Terrorism -years (±2 Act in- South Africa is still detainees. escalating--as the big crack- Behind down bythe SecurityPolice lingindiv does nothing to crush the is the "as spirit of black militancy. Afrris * At least 39 people were 10-year se detained in the two and a halfmonthsuptotheend FOURvofJuie. incourt " Sixmajortrialsare theman currently going on-in which Mdluli a total of 36 people face -. interlog charges 'under the Terrorism Police in end Suppression of Commu- Jose nismActs. hishon *0 Sevenpeoplehavebeen ofMard sentenced to a total of 41 the polil and a half years imprison- wife the meant under the Terrorism After and Suppression of Commu- shedesnis Actssincethe badlysv beginning of this year. his stor The most recent detainees its corn include tie ormer Robben Island , Ther prisoners in East London, the for Jo Secretary of the African Textile evideno Workers Union, 8 staff members His f and students from the University enquiry of the North, and a number of cumstar high school students, also suii In current trials: Police D * Nine members of SASO and BPC face charges under the Island. TerrorismActinPretoria. Hew " Two other people assopiated 1974 an with the BPC-Sadecque Police fi Variana and Nomsisi Khuz: because wayo-are due to stand statemer trial on Terrorism Act -Marco 1 chargesinJune. released * Ten men are standing trial being hr in Pietermaritzburg on After hi: charges of" having sent or regular received messages from' of theti African National Congress been sul representatives in Swaziland, In Ml * Five former white student again an leadersarebeingtriedon beinghechargesunderthe without Suppression of Communism or friend Act in Pretoria., It is F ,ive high school students the accu appeared in court in Grahamstown in June accusedofhavingplanned *1 to leave South Africa to undergo military training. * Five former Robben Island prisoners appeared in court inEastLondoninMay. Na Theywerechargedunder Na the Terrorism Act with having undergone military training and remanded to June 30. According to information cow i piled by the Christian Institute of Tel Southern Africa, 217 people are known to have been detained in South Africa in the period from Min the beginning of 1974 to April Owei 30 1976.Thisis certainlyan Affil underestimate as the Security organ Police can detain people in complete secrecy. I A report, published bythe Outsi Institute, Detention and Detente AA in Southern Africa, calculates that in that period the Govern- police crack militants rrowed' a'tptal of 61.8 2 566 days) from these the figures lie appalidua tragedies There a of Mzimkulu Gwentshe, member of the Pan Congress, who served a entence on Robben ehite policemen appeared in June 16 charged with slaughter of Joseph who died while "eing ated by the Security March. ph Mdluli was taken from by police on the night 18. and two days later ce returned to tell his it he was dead. identifying his body, rfibed how his face was nollen and bruised and iach was dilated to twice ial size. r will he no opportunity ph Mdluli's family to give e in the court proceedings aily have called for a full to be held into the circeas of his death and are ng the South African )epartment, 'as detained in October d beaten by Security ir five days ind nights he refused to make any it. He was held until 975 when he was without any charges ought against him. s release he needed medical treatment because orture to which he -had bjected. iy 1976 he was detained d is now once more Id in solftary c~nfinement access to lawyers, family ds. lear from statements by sed and by witnesses in b nearly all the recent political trials that assault and torture-by the Security Police are commonplace. In spite ofthis, many detainees have refused to give evidence for the prosecution and several trils-have left in their wake people who.remain in detention indefinitely or ,wh are serving gaol esentnes for-refusing to testify. Trevor Bloem was acquitted on a charge under the Terrorism Act in February 1976--after spending one year and 21 days in detention. His two friends, Patrick McGluwa and Raymond Burgers, refused to give evidence against him after being held for a full year in incommunicado detention. As a result'they were gaoled for a further year. Among those detained have been many high school students. The detention of David Seleotae andI WezileNgalo only became known to the public-whn they were brought to trial in Bloemfontein on June 12 1975, They were charged with trying to travel to Botswana to receive military training in Zarrlia. The two had no proper defence and the trial lasted 5 days. They were both sentenced to 5 years gaol. The Christian Institgte's report points out that if detentions affect only 20 people for every detainee, then 4 000 people hate personally experienced the sweeping powers of the Terrorism Act. It concludes: "The effect is beyond calculation at present, but what can he seen is that the incommunicado detention of so many people has and will continue to'have a considerable effect on the black community and will increase their determination to continue the struggle for a more just society in South Africa." OIN THE ANTI-APARTHEID MOVEMENT me- dress---I_I !mum membership fee: £3; students/apprentices £2 rseas: Surface mail/Europe £3; Airmail £6 iation: national organisations, £10; regional t nisations, £5; local organmsations, £3 scription to AA NEWS: UK and rest-of Europe £1.75; de Europe, surface mail £1.75: airmail £3.75 89 Charlotte St., London WlP 2DQ. Tel. 61-5W5311 in, people have arches, pickets otest against the can demonstrators and to show that lees in their ic human rights. , near Glasgow, a de union rally ondemned "the sartheid". it MP told the 'At this great we should first protest on le up and down thehorrific events :en plate in South he past week. tion before you eeling of the great sts up and down the so those in the )eement." later on June 22 lalnd ministers, dimmigrant presentatives of

Kangaroo -courts. sentence Africans to death Zimbabwe suggl etes - bsteIrug .eescalat THE armed struggle in Zimbabwe has taken a decisivi turn in recent weeks in the rapid spread of guerrilla acti. vity through vast tracts of countryside. There has also emerged a clear and effective strategy by the freedom fighters to undermine morale among the security forces and the white population. A spokesman for the Smith regime, speaking at a press briefing on June 3, was forced to concede that 'the guerrillas had specific tactits in each of the-three official 'operational areas'-Hurricane in thi north-east, Thrasher in the eastern part of Rhodesia around Chipinga, and Repulse in the south-east. This admission amounts to a significarnt step-down on the part of Smith's warlords, who before always portrayed the freedom fighters as aimless, uncoordinated killers. The war itself has spread toareas well outside these three zones- notably in the north and west, bordered by Zambia and Bot wana On May 23 a clash occurred in the Msana Tribal Trust Land only 3D miles from Salisbury 'along 'the main Salisbury-Shamva road. The incident was immediately hushed up by the regime's Department of Information. On the previous day a white farmer and his son had been killed at Kezi in the West Nicholson district 90 miles south-east of Bulawayo. a region previously free of guerrilla attacks. Targets selected by the freedom fighters have clearly been designed to disrupt white economic activity as far as possible. Three white territorials killed in May were said by unofficial sources in Salisbury to have died after guerrillas had ambushed and then stood and fought a trapped Rhodesian unit The incident, which represents a dramatic departure from classical hit-and-run tactics, Fs believed to have taken place in the Honde. Valley in the Eastern Highlands north of Uwtali, one of the key routes into Zimbabwe for freedom fighters infiltrating from -Mozambique. The Honde Valley contains three large white-owned tea estates. The African labour supply to these and other plantations in the Eastern Highlands has been disrupted by a concerted campaign of landmining and bushburning, making it impossible to transport workers from the Tribal Trust Lands to the estates. Plant and machinery an sugar and wheat estates in the fertile lowlands of south eistern Rhodesia have also come under at1ack fron mortar strikes and gunfire. Probably the most hated symh of white oppression in the northeast-and east of Rhodesia are the euphemistically named 'protected villages' or fenced concentration camps The futility of the regime's -strategy in this respect was dramaticlly illustrated recently when a numbef of newly con. structed huts in two 'consolidated villages' were burnt to the ground by freedom fighters. The steadily mounting total of persons sentenced to long terms o imprisonment or even death for assisting the freedom fighters with food and shelter is another indication of the weight of local opinior in the operational areas. As far as Rhodesia's whites are concerned, the gloves are now off and the few remaining shreds of liberalism have been destroyed once and for all. The numbers of African civilians that the regime, admits to having be'en killed while allegedly breaking curfews, 'mingling with terrorists', or caught in the cross, fire during battles between troops and guerrillas, have risen dramatically In recent weeks. During the Month of May alone 109 civilian deaths were recorded, compared with 104 guerrillas and 18"Rhodesian troops. The real figures are undoubtedly very'much higher. In the eyes of the vast malority of whites, the freedom fighters and those who support them have been ,0l f n COMMENT The ComrunistParty's fortnightly review 15p Special issue, June 26, on Southern Africa Includes articles on South Africa,. Zimbabwe, Namibia, Angola, the arms embargo Available from CP branches or from Central Books, 37 Grays Inn Rd, London WCfX 8PS Subscription: £5.30 pa. totally dehumanised as stereotyped convened at short notice and in rapists and cannibals to be shot on" circumstaricesinwhichpropersight* legaldefencefortheaccusedis The corpses of guerrillas killed virtually impossibid to arrange. by security forced are habitually Fundamental legal freedoms used to terrorise local villagers such as the accused's right to into collaborating with the regime, remain silent, to choose the order - Since the end of April, black of defence witnesses and-to hear civilians have been faced with a the prosecution's case before new weapon of intimidation in the putting his own, have been swept hands of the regime-impromptu away. In less than a week of courts set up in the operational special court sittings in Umtali and areas-to4ryeaptured freedom Inyanga, eight people were sen. fighters and those accused of tenced to death for offences RUGBY -at Police Grounds' on Saturday, 29th May RHODESIA v. GLOUCESTER 1Rhodesia Herald 26 5 76 Gloucestershire Rugby Club toured Rhodesia in May and June in defiance of an appeal by Minister of Sport Denis Howell. The Minister wrote to the Rugby Football Union asking it to urge Gloucestershire to cancel the tour and pointing out the risk of reprisal by other countries against British sportsmen. The Club played its first fixture against Rhodesia at the Police Ground in' Salisbury on May 29. assisting them. I hese courts can connected with the armed struggle. best be described as a conveyor belt It has been said that a dyingsystemtothegallows, horsekicksthehardest.White Under the Emergency Powers society in Rhodesia, in its increas(Criminal Trials) Regulations 1976, ingly inward4ooking and callous special court sittings, presided disregard for human'lives, seems to over byapaneloftwoorthree beinits-death throes. The most members, onlyone of whom need obvious parallel is with -Vietnam have any legal qualifications, can be in the last days of the Saigon regime. .White settlers abandon Smith's sirking- ship WHITE immigration intQthodesia looking for some easy kills. showed atotal netlossof840 Nevertheless,right-wing Britons people over the first four months continue to stand by their'kithandofthisyear. kin'. British immigrants still head During the month of April-the the list of those receiving assisted worst to date for the regime's passages to Rhodesia. In May claims to be offering the white probably the largest single group of immigrant one of the pleasantest tourists ever to arrive in the and most 'civilised' life styles in country at One go-all of them the world-1470whitesleftthe from Britain-flew in to Salisbury country compared with only653 airport. Their tour had been who came in. A large proportion organised by the Friends of the of the latter are undoubtedly Lionand Friends of the Springbok adventurists and soldiers of fortune Associations. Mercenaries bill passed by Commons A Private Member's Bill which would ban newspaper advertisements for mercenaries to fight overseas won a first reading in the House of Commons on June 15 by 184 votes to 89, The Bill-introduced by Labour MP Bob Hughes-would make newspapers liable to prosecution if they published such advertise ments. Early this year ads were placed in the Sunday People and the News of the World offering a 'Service Career' in Southern Africa to ex-serwicemen, policemen or prison officers by an agency calling itself Southern Placement Services, When the Labour weekly ribune replied to one of the adsusing the name of an ex-serviceman -it was sent recruiting papers for the Smith regime's Security Forces. In reply to a Parliamentary luestion, the Attorney General, Sam Silkin, said that the Director of Public Prosecutions had decided not to prosecute the newspapers under the Rhodesian Sanctions Order, on the grounds that there was insufficient evidence that they were aware that the ads were for personnel for Rhodesia. Labour MPs are now pressing the Government to adopt the Bill and *to speed up the report of the Diplock Commissi on which was set up by Hartld Wilson to consider existing legislation dealing with the recruitment of mercena ries earlier this year. 'No action on hangings' -THE British Government has rejected a call that it should declare that the hangings of freedom fighters being carried out by the Smith regime consti rute acts of murder, for which all those involved will be held responsible. In.reply to representations by the Ant--Apartheid, Movement, Ted Rowlids MP, Minister of State at the Foreign Office, says that although the 'Government recognises that the executions are illegal, it cannot go further than that. His letter states: "To say that all the executions amount to murder is to express a definite opinion on a question of criminal liability which only the courts could answer for each specific case." AAM plans action on Zimbabwe THE Zimbabwe Working Group set up within the Afiti-Apartheid Movement discussed plans for future activity at a meeting on June I. AAM supporters willing to help in the work of the Group are asked to contact AAM, 89 Charlotte St, London W1P 2DQ.

End investment in apartheid' UN world meeting OVER 150 representativesof anti-apartheid movements all over the world, international organisations, UN agencies, liberation movements and the Governments of A6gola, Cuba, Lesotho and Zambia took, part in one of the sUost widely representative meetings ever held on Southern Africa, in Cuba, May 24-28. The Seminar was sponsored by the UN Special Committee Against Apartheid, in consultation with the Organisation of African Unity. Representatives of British-based organisations at the meeting included Abdul Minty, Hon Secretary of the Anti-Apartheid Movement, Phyllis Altman, General Secretary of the International Defence & Aid Fund, and Eduardo Marino of Amnesty International. The Irish Anti-Apartheid Movement was represented by its Vice-President Kader Asmal. High on the Seminar's agenda was the role that multinational corporations and other foreign economic interests play in buttressing apartheid, and in a special address Nigeria's Foreign Minister, Brigadier Joe Garba, pledged that Nigeria would consider taking retaliatory action against corporations which continued to invest in Southern Africa. He made a strong condemnation of Western countries which in practice violated the arms embargo against South Africa and expressed special concern about the development of nuclear collaboration between Western powers and the Vorster Government. He pledged that Nigeria would raise these issues at the OAU summit tlo be held in Mauritius at the end of June. The main areas Where the meeting drew up recommendations for action were * the coordination of a strategy of action against economic collaboration with South Africa; * the devising of ways to counteract South African propaganda; how to increase assistance to the South African liberation movements. At a mass meeting in Havana held to mark Africa Liberation Day, May 25, the Chairman of the UN Special Committee Against Apartheid, Nigeria's Ambassador to the UN Leslie Harriman, paid a special tribute to the Government and people of Cuba for their consistent support for the African liberation movements. In'a special message to Cuba, the Seminar congratulated its Government and people for responding to the call of the People's Republic of Angola for assist. ing in defending Angola's independence and sovereignty against South African aggression. In the following three pages ANTI-APARTHEID NEWS publishes part of the Declaration and Action Programme adopted by the Seminar, and the report made to it by the Anti-Apartheid Movements's Hon Secretary, Abdul Minty, of the NATOMinisterial Meeting held in Oslo in May. Declaration adopted by UN International Seminar THE International Seminar organised by the United Nations Special Committee Against Apartheid, with par;ticipants from Governments and inter-governmental and non-governmental organisations, extends its greetings and solidarity to the people of South Africa who are continuing with renewed determination their brave struggle to overthrow the apartheid system, despite the growing ruthlessness of the white minority regime. The liberation of Mozambiqse and Angola, brought about by the heroic struggles of its peoples, under the leadership of FRELIMO and the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola, has created a new strategic and political situation in Southern Africa and opened the prospect, in the not too distant future, of the liberation of Zimbabwe, Namibia and South Africa. The decisive victory of the Angolan people, against the invading forces of the South African apartheid regime and its allies, has given new inspiration and impetus to the liberation movements. The Pretoria regime has recognised the growing danger to the survival of the apartheid power system: it has reacted by increased repression of the African people and the expansion of its aggressive military capability In Southern Africa we are witnessing an unfolding war situation: South Africa's enormous military build-up and its aggressive posture towards independent African States, its invasion of Angola and the rapid militarisation of Namibia, and its support of the illegal Smith regime constitute a clear threat to peace and security in that region. Its growing military integration with the major Western powers, and the new role accorded to South Africa i.soverall Western strategy in the South Atlantic and Indian Ocean area, represents a grave threat to the peace and security of the world. The Seminar recognises that the liberation movements in Southern Africa are obliged to resort to armed struggle in view of the intransigence and ruthlessness of the white minority regimes. It reaffirms the right of the African liberation movements to decide on the means of their struggle, in the light of the conditions in their territories, and to seek and receive interna- tional solidarity., Recognising the significant recent advances against the forces of racism and colonialism in Africa, the white minority regimes are resorting to new initiatives to enlist and secure further external assistance. The major Western Powersespecially the United States of America, the United Kingdom, the Federal Republic of Germany and France-which are continuing and increasing their political, economic ad Military collaboration with South Africa, bear a major responsibility for helping to sustain the apartheid regime. But even this growing external support from South Africa's traditional trading partners will not halt the unfolding crisis faced by the apartheid regime. The Seminar condemns the increasing military, political and economic coil- boration between the South African racist regime and Israeli which was further developed during the recent official visit of B J Vorster, Prime Minister of the Pretoria regime, to Israel. The Pretoria regime, in a desperate attempt to ensure its survival, is forging special links-with countries such as Israel, Paraguay, Uruguay,and Chile with a view to establishing a new menacing alliance of regimes insensitive to African and world opinion; In order to counter internal resistance and international pressures the Pretoria regime plans to confer a sham independnce upon the Transkei in October 1976 as part of its contemptible Bentustan policy. The Seminar rejects this political fraud and invites all States to do likewise and deny any form of recognition to, and refrain from any contacts with, any apartheid institutions, including the authorities in the Transkei. It condemns those countries and .external economic interests which. are planning to invest in the so-called tribal 'homelands' in order to directly assist the implementation of the apartheid schemes of - the South African regime. The Seminar calls upon all Governments and peoples to give full support to the national liberation movements in Southern Africa in their struggle for the total eradication of racism and colonialism, and to end all military, economic and other collaboration with the racist regimes. The Seminar declares that apartheid constitutes a crime against humenity, and that the international community has a duty to suppress and punish that crime, Any supply of arms to South Africa and any form of military cooperation with the apartheid regime is a hostile act not only against the people of South Africa and the Organisation of African Unity, but also against the United Nations and the international community. Any transnationall companies and other interests which, in collaboration with the Pretoria regime, participate in the exploitation of the people of South Africa, or help to reinforce the military and economic power of the racists, are accomplices in the crime of apartheid. The front-line -countries in Africa which have taken a firm stand against the white minority regimes in accordance with United Nations and OAU resolutions should be given all necessary economic and other assistance by all freedom-loving countries and peoples. The Seminar invites all Governments, Organisations and peoples to jm in concerted international action in support of the Southern African liberation movements in this crucial and final stage of the struggle for the total emancipation of Africa.

'The most imperative need, is that the arms embargo be now made mandatory' .Programme of Action adopted by Seminar AT'a time when the long and arduous struggle of the South African people has reached the final and crucial stagethanks to the advance of liberation in Africa and the world and the determined resistance by the South African people-the international community has a duty to step up action'to assist the oppressed people and their liberation movement to attain their inalienable right to freedom, human dignity and national liberation. Arms embargo' The Seminar recognises that those States which have collaborated with South Africa to build up an enormous military arsenal bear a special. responsibility for South Africa's consequent arrogant and violent use of its military power. South Africa's allies in this fieldand especially Frane, the UK, the USA, the Federal Republic of Germany and Italy- have not only jassisted South Africa by manufacturing many weapons internally but also enabled it to export arms to other countries. - I The major NATO powers are increasing their military collaboration with South Africa and placing a growing importance on-its role in their overall strategic plans; NATO also hears a major responsibility for enabling South Africa to utilise its technical facilities such as the NATO Codification System for Spares and Equipment. South Africa has also created new military links with Israel and other countries. The visit of the South African Prime Minister to Israel earlier this year has led to a closer military relationship being created between Israel and South Africa and has serious implications for the peace and security of the continent of Africa and the Middle East. The Seminar condemns such growing military and other collaboration. The Seminar noted and condemned growing military links between South Africa and repressive regimes in Latin America, such as Chile. The Seminar noted with alarm the extent of Western nuclear collaboration with South Africa, and especially the central role of the Federal Republic of Germany, Holland and the United States of America in providing the Pretoria regime with equipment and technology which increases its nuclear capability. South Africa is now an incipient nuclear power and countries engaged in nuclear cooperation with South Africa should be called upon to end all such collaboration. The most imperative need in the present situation is that the arms embargo, first laid down by the Security Council in 1963, be now made mandatory under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations together with effective machinery to ensure the supervision of the embargo. In particular, the mandatory arms embargo should be made comprehensive in scope so as to include the provision of licences and patents for arms production, the transfer of technology or military information to South Africa, and the use of third States for the supply'of military equipment indirectly to South Africa. It should also impose a total ban on the import of arms and military equipment for use in South Africa. The mandatory embargo decision should prohibit .l6 forms of military.and security collaboration with South Africa. Anti-apartheid movements and other non-governmental bodies should, in consultation with trade unions, request workers not to handle any arms order to South Africa and give full support to these workers who, on grounds of conscience, refuse to work on orders for the sale of weapons systems or other projects intended for use in South Africa by its military and security forces. their populations. Besides official agencies, private 'front' organisations such as the South Africa Foundation, the Club of Ten, the Committee for Fairness in Sport, and the Foreign Policy Association are being used in order to propagate apartheid. Special attention must be devoted immediately to the exploitation of the issue of Bantustans and the forthcoming 'independence of the Transkei, by the South African regime. Every attempt must be made to ensure that Governments and world public opinion recognise the need to maintain the territorial integrity of South Africa and reject-the pretence of autonomy and independerice projected by the South African regime. Activities on the issue of Bantustans should be organised whenever appropriate. World public opinion should be made aware of OAU and UN oming nome: this migrant worker is on his way back to join his family in the Transkei. South African industry depends on the reserve of cheap black labour in the Bantustans Economic Collaboration decisions on this issue. The Seminar notes that South The Seminarnotes in partic Africa has-been the recipient of that the General Assembly has vast increases in investment by decided that the racist regime foreign interests, in particular the South Africa is illegitimate and United Kingdom, the United States no right to represent the peopi of America, Japan, the Federal South Africa and that the nati Republic of Germany, France, liberation movements are the Belgium and Iran. Foreign invest- authentic representatives of the ments in South Africa now total overwhelming majority of the nearly11 billion dollars. South African people. Investment in South African The Seminar rfcommeids th industry, the provision of loans boycott activity on a wide fron and the conclusion of agreements should be embarked upon or for the purchase of raw material extended by anti-apartheid from South Africa constitute three movements and non-governmen of the most important forms of bodies in Western countries to economic collaboration, focus attention on the need for The Seminar calls for the utmost disengagement from South Afri opposition to frustrate the activities and to educate public opinion of transnational firms which invest those countries For this purp in the border industries near declarations by writers, actors Bantustans or in the heart of and other prominent personaliti Bantustans. - ',that they would not work or a. South African propaganda Faced by growing opposition to its policies, both internally and externally, the South African regime has further Increased its propaganda campaign directed mainly at Western countries and ular of has e of onal at nt tal ca n sose, ies allow their works to be used in South Africa so long as apartheid is in force, are to be commended. Such individual boycotts should supplement the boycott of all apartheid institutions in South Africa. A British-made Saracen tank goes into action during a counter. insurgency exercise in the northern Transvaal Apartheid and sports The Seminar commends the activities and actions of the Sopreme Council for Sport in Africa, the South Africa NonRacial Olympics Committee and other bodies which have tried to isolate South Africa from all sporting competitions so long as South Africa practises the policy of apartheid in breach of the principies enshrined in the Olympic Charter. The Seminar commends the proposal of the Prime Minister of Jamaica, the Rt Hon Michael Manley, that the General Assembly of'the United Nations prepare an International Convention on , Apartheid in Sport. Such a Convention would involve an obligation on States to impose sanctions against sporting teams and organistions whose members collectively or individually participate in sports activities in South Africa or against teams from South Africa. Sanctions would include: 0 refusal to provide financial assistance or donations in kind to such teams or individuals; e withdrawal of access to national sporting facilities to such teams or individuals; * denial and withdrawal of national sporting honours or awards to such teams or individuals; * action to render automatically null and void all professional sporting contracts which do not specifically exclude participation in South Africa; * non-recognition by States parties to this Convention of national sporting bodies which do not adopt the Convention as part of their conttitution. Until the adoption of the Convention, these principles are recommended by the Seminar to States and Governments as a Declaration from the Seminar. Namibia The international community must take clear and effective action to remove South Africa's illegal administration in Namibia by assisting SWAPO-recognised as the authentic representative of the people of Namibia-in its just struggle for independence. The Seminar condemns the increasing ruthlessness of the Pretoria regime in its illegal occupation of Namibia and particularly the large number of arrests and detentions of Namibians. The Pretoria regime must be warned that the carrying out of death sentences through the illegal courts constitutes an international crime. The Seminar recommends that the United Nations, intergovernmental and non-governmental organisations must support SWAPO in its rejection of the so-railed constitutional talks being held in Namibia under the direction and control of the South African authorities. Urgent action must be taken to ensure that uranium produced in Namibia is not bought by Governments, their agencies or corporations. In order to focus attention on the exploitation and purchase of Namibian uranium by the United Kingdom Government and its Atomic Energy Authority, and Rio Tinto Zinc, the Seminar requests the UN Council on Namibia to hold hearings as soon as possible with a view to preparing a full report as a basis for action by the General Assembly and the Security Council. Assistance to tho-Oppreased People of South Africa and their Liberation Movements In this crucial phase of the struggle for liberation the Seminar urges increased assistance of all types to the oppressed people of South Africa and their liberation movements. The Seminar welcomes the declaration of the General * Assembly that the liberation movements are the authentic representatives of their people and that the South African regime is illegitimate; it therefore urges thatthe United Nations accord full permanent observer status to the South African liberation movements recognised by the OAU in all appropriate organs and conferences of the United Nations. Political Prisoners The Seminar calls for continuous and widespread publicity to all cases of repression in South Africa -including detentions, trials, imprisonments, banning orders and pass law arrests. The Seminar denounces all repressive legislation in South Africa, especially the so-called Suppression of Communism Act and the Terrorism Act. It expresses its indignation at the torture and murder of political detainees, and calls for appropriate action to ensure the identification and the punishment of the perpetrators of these crimes. Other Recommendations Immediate action should be taken by those Western European States which allow mercenaries to be recruited by the illegal Smith regime in Zimbabwe and by South Africa. Such a traffic must be stopped. The recruitment of mercenaries must be considered as a serious crime against Africa. Failure by these States to take immediate action to stop such a traffic must be considered by the OAU as an unfriendly act inviting a proper and appropriate response.

UN Comite ASgain Apathi Seia 'NATO must pledge that it will end all links with South Africa' - AAM LAST year the Anti-Apartheid Movement revealed through documentation that the NATO Codification System for Spares and Equipment had been provided to South Africa. The official response from NATO Headquarters was to the effect that NATO was not directly concerned with it and that it was in fact an 'open' system available to several non-NATO countries. Since June last year we have heen engaged in extensive corresponderme with all NATO members as well as with NATO Headquarters. As a result, at the NATO Ministerial Meeting held in Oslo just before this Seminar, we moade the following three demands: 0 'That NATO should state that it will have no links. whatsoever with South Afrita. " That the NATO Codification System and other similar facilities extended to South Africa will be withdrawn and that there will be no such future collaboration. * That NATO staff and officials will have clear instructions to have no official or unofficial links with representatives of the South African regime. Kissingier In Oslo, the Secretary-General of NATO, Dr Luns, and US Secrgtary of State, Dr Kissinger, stated to the press that South Africa was outside the NATO area and therefore would not be discussed at the meeting. Yet Or Kissinger, in his overall review of the world situation, suggested that the European powers with historical links in Africa should re-establish theirtraditional relationship on that continent and ensure that African decisions are taken by Africans withot external influence. Influence Never before has such a clear cal been made to the European powers by the United States to increase their control and influence over the African continent. Some of the dangers inherent it this Western policy were recognised by other members of NATO. We were gratified that, partly due to our representations, the Foreign Ministers of Norwa;/, Denmark, tine Netherlands and Canada clearly-warned NATO within its Ministerial Council about establishing any links whatsoever with South Africa. Indeed the Norwegian Prime Minister whbn he opened the NATO meeting urged that there should be no doubt as to where the West stands in the struggle between the white minority regimes and the underprifleged majorities. However, this call was not heeded by the principal NATO powers. It is a matter of regret to us that this kind of leadership given by certain Western countries which took a clear stand on Southern Africa was not followed by other NATO Powers and the NATO communique says nothing about Southern Africa. The position today therefore is that NATO is still linked with South Africa through the codification system and other means, and - we wish to state the specific grounds which give us cause for serious concern: * South Africa continues to have the NATO Codification' * The South African Defence Minister has stated quite clearly that South Africa enjoys 'friendly' though not 'formal'relations with NATODespite these points being raised with NATO members there has been no adequate response from the NATO Meeting in Oslo, and it Abdul Minty, Hon Secretary of the Anti-Apartheid Movement, addresses the UN Special Committee Against Apartheid International Seminar in Havana, Cuba System and the-Oslo Meeting did not withdraw it. * The British Prime Minister informed our Vice-Chairman on May 7 1976 that South Africa also has access to what is called the Allied Communications Procedures. Hence " another. NATO system appears to be available to South Africa. " The South African Advokaar naval communication system at Silvermine which maintains surveillance over the South Atlantic ard Indian Oceans forms an important and integrated part of Western military surveillance andis, indeed, linked with various NATO members. * Although South Africa is outside the NATO area, the 1974 SACLANT study for -NATO operations outside the NATO area is concerned with operations around the Cape route in times of crisis or war. When we notice that NATO's major interests outside its Treaty area specifically concern the Area around Southern -Africa, we can only think of one kind of crisis that is envisaged: the growing crisis in terms of preserving the stability and security of the Pretoria regime. THE NATO Ministerial Meeting held in Oslo in May gave no undertaking that NATO would end its links with South Africa. But, in a new move, the Foreign Ministers of Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands and Canada gave a clear warning within NATO's Ministerial Council that they were opposed to any form of collaboration between NATO and the Pretoria regime. During the Meeting the Anti-Apartheid Movement issued a call to the NATO Ministers to make a clear declaration that the organisation would have no links whatsoever with South Africa. The following is the report of the Meeting given by the Anti-Apartheid Movement's Hon Secretary ABDUL S MINTY to the UN Spacial Committee Against Apartheid Seminar in Havana. is clear'that the principal NATO Powers have far greater influence over the Alliance than the smaller members. - 1177 External suppqrt We feel the world community needs to be aware of the great dangers inherent in Southern Africa because of these increasing military relationships between the major Western Powers and thewhite regime in Pretoria. The Vorster regime derives great comfort from this form of external support and it is precisely because of this type of support that Prime Miniiter Vorster confidently warns African States that if they continue to support the liberation movements thyn Southern Africa will see a catastrophe 'too ghastly to contemplate'. Vorster should know what he has in mind since he has been preparing for a major war in Africa. Retreat But while we must be aware of these dangers, we feel that we ought to recognise as well that the South African regime and its allies are on the retreat. The Western Powers havea policy towards Southern Africa of so-called 'peace- PEACE NEWS for non-violent struggles and making alternatives. Information, analysis, strategies for social change. £1.75 for six months subscription, 50p for trial five issues, from 8 Elm Avenue, Nottingham. SANITY, the paper of the Campaign far Nuclear Disarmament (CND) keeps you in touch with the arms race, the threat of war and hopes for peace. f1 a year from CND, rastbourne House, Bullards Place, London El OPT. ful change! and they-claim to be against violence. We are aware that the liberation movements are not seeking volunteers and supporters for the armed struggle on their side from the Western Powers. But what we all demand is that while the West may see fit to adopt a policy of peaceful change, it should not at the same time supply weapons to the South African regime. And here France, Italy, Brita'in, Germany, the United States and certain other NATO poewers are increasing their noilitary relationships with the South African Republic. Defensive While these new developments represent great dangers for Africa and-for world peace, we have to ,recognise too that the enemies of the African liberation struggle are on the defensive. The initiative is now with Africa and it is very much a matter of time before final victory is won in Southern Africa. MPLA The resounding victory against South African aggression in Angola has shown conclusively to Africa and to the people of South Africa that the apartheid regime is not invincible. MPLA was clearly not going fo turn Angola into a buffer-zone but a front-line State against the white racist -regimes, and it is this that;SoutfhAfrica feared, South Africa's intervention in Angola was countered by the MPLA with the assistance of one of the most diligent and determined front-line States in the CHALLENGE-monthly paper of the Young Communist League Price 8p, subscription £1.30 for 12 issues. Send to 28 Bedford St, London WC2. LABOUR's independent monthly -LABOUR LEADE R-for' socialism and the Labour Party. Annual subscription £1.30, Send for a sample copy from ILP, 49 Top Moor Side, Leeds LS1 1 9LW. PHOTO CRAFT 4 Heath Street London NW3 Photographic dealers and photographers world, the Republic of Cuba. South Africa found, to its dismay, that it could not rely on the full support of the principal Western Powers and therefore it is now trying to develop a so-called 'sixth international' of middle-range powers in alliance with South Africa. This development, in a sense, shows how deeply South Africa is feeling isolated as a result of our activities. Africa While there are dangers in the situation, there is also hope. But there are two aspects we need to concentrate on as major prior.ties: the OAU and the U nited Nations should adopt'a policy statement which declares that any act of aggression against independent African States will constitute an act of aggression against the OAU as well as the UN. Wemust ensure that the sovereignty and independence of the African States is protected. Secondly, we have to work with new determination to ensure that the sovereignty of the people of South Africa triumphs over the racist rulers of-South Africa. This Seminar should work out a-campaign which han the two objectives of standing by independent Africa and supporting theliberation struggle, AAM We on our part, being a Movement set up specifically to work on Southern Africa, will continuF our activities to ensure that the policies of the UN and the OAU are implemented and that full support is giver to the liberation movement, Film Benefit for the African National Congress of South Africa Ramparts of Clay directed by Jean-Louis Bertolucci And documentary on apartheid-LET MY PEOPLE GO Phoenix Cinema(opposite East Finchley tube) Sunday July 11 2 00 pm Tickets'1 from ANC of South Africa, 49 Rathbone Street, London WI, Tel 01-580 5303

Olympics Sport Specia SA racists tout for sports stars THE: expardingisolation of South African sport from international participation has compelled the racists to open a hospitality centre in Montreal during,the Otympic Ga mes. Although the overt intention of the centre, seems to.lie generally to improve the image of,$outh Africa over the-whole range of its policies the immediate-motives seem more sinister. As the racists have sow switched their efforts from international participation to arganising major competitions inside South Africa, they desperately need international stars, to take part in these competitions, Montreal will be the ideal place, to tout for international stars who will, no doubt, be offered liexpenses paid trips The chief patrons and-subscribers to the apertheid games wilt again be Western European and North American countries. The main oulprits-will, we are certain, be-Britain, West Germany and France. FIFA moves to - expel S Africa DESPITE all the mnanoeueres of the white FootttkAssaciation of South frica fr s pulsionis nowimmininr Even at home the> SA RO, iss collaboration with the Supreme Council for Sport in Africa, many Asian and all thesoeialist countries, and with tihe help. othe , Bitish, New Zealand, Australian and Scandinavian AntiApartheid Movements, has been successfuL in isolating racist South Africa from the followinhg sporting events: 1956 South African all-white T ile Tennis Union expelled by the International Table, Tennis Federation. Affiliation granted to" Non-Racial iSouth African Tlble, Tennis B oaid. 196-4 South Africa barred from Tokyo- Olympics. South Afrida suspended from international football by FIFA. Sbuth Africa barred from international fencing by the World Fencing Federation. 1967 Mexico refused vises to the South African Team for the Mini Olympics. 1968 Mexico refused to invite South Africa to the Olympic Games. Sooth-Africa expelled from international boxing by ABA. 1 The South African Government refused'to allow black South African whites enjoy some of the best sports facilities in the world-but for these children there is nothing white football clubs seem to be in Racial South African Ssccer dire trouble. Not only are their Federation. - un-nig out standards dropping, but they are The Afi. Asinnd Socialis for white athletes alsoin afinancial mess. countries are determinedmSoethan f white athletes Football matches are being ever to wipe the cancer of sin ,c SOUTH Arica is.still a member of postponedwheneverthereisa otofFIFA . theInternationalAmateurAthletic -clash of fixtnreswvth -ar Non- Fearlainnsh..ka -c vi, I-IM, WHITESouth Africa has At the Montreal Olympics Committee - has consistentbeen excluded from interne- South Africa's segregated ly campaigned for the tional competition in nearly sports bodies are making a isolation of racist South all the world's major sporis. big and lavishly financed African sports federations Now it is on the verge of effort to come back into from world sporting bodies. expulsion 'from the world world sport-but their SAN-ROC's Chairman, " football federation FI FA and attempts seem sure to fail. SAMBA RAMSAMY, reviews from the International SAN-ROC - the South the current state of play. Amateur Athletic Federation. African Non-RicialOlympic P frc -otofms mjr ol so-- e tiaw 0tsi "nt~ioser Or 5159 internationsal Cycling to tour 'the oou yasa - federato memberoftheEnglish SoothAfricabarredfrom Cricket team.TheMCC 'participatingsatean in then cancelled their cricket international athletics tour of South Africa. The following countries with' 1969 South Africabarred from drewfromtheSooth African memberfhip of the Inter- Games after accepting invitanational Judo Federation. tiosns USA, Belgium, Italy, Hungaryrefused visas to the and the German Federal SouthAfricanTeamforthe Republic. World Pentathlon Championships. SUPPORTERS OF APARTHEII 1970 The British Government requestedthe cancellationof ATHLETICS: Britain,Fra thecrickettourofBritainbl Switzerland the white South African Team.TheMCCcancelled RUGBY- Bitain, Nrv the tour. TENNIS' Britain, Fra SouthAfricabarredfrom Spain,Chile participating in the World Netball Championships. GYMNASTICS: 'Britain, Fra SouthAfricabarredfrom' Japan. participatingintheWorld HOCKEY: Nearlyall'W Gymnastics Championships heldinYugoslavia. Britain,FranceandWest Germa South Africa suspended from supporters of apartheid, South A the Davis Cup However, South Africa was readmitted in 1972 into the Australia suspended athletics LatinAmericanZone. relationswithSouthAfrica. The International Olympic Sooth Africa suspended from Committee expelled South , world wrestling by. FILA. Africafromthe Olympic Australiaand NewZealand Movement. cancelledthecrickettourof SouthAfrica'bannedfrom thewhiteSouth African participatinginthe World Team. Cycling Championships, and South Africa barred from. was barred from membership" the world softball champion- ships held in Japan., 1971 The South African Women's Hockey Team was barred ' from competing in the International Women's Hockey Tournament in Auckland, New Zealand., The South African Golf Team was barred from participating in the Centennial Golf Tournament in Auckland, 1973 The Supreme Council for Sport in Africa repeated its call for the expulsion of all racist South African organinations from international sports federations and decided to grant affiliation fnon-racial organisations The New Zealand Governjment refused entry visas to the South African Federation Cup Team (Tennis). FIFA President, Sir Stanley Rous, was forced to back down and reverse the decision taken by the FIFA Executive to lift temporarily South D AND RACISM IN SPORT nce, West Germany, Belgium Holland. Zealand, France, Australia. nce, West Germany, USA, _Holland, Switzerland: tee, USA, West Germany, Vestern European countries. ny are by far the greatest ,frica. Africa's suspension to allow' international football matches at the SA Games. . The Australian Government under Gough Whitlam decided to refuse all visas, including transit visas, to all South African sportsmen belonging to racial sporting bodies.' The Non-Racial South African Amateur Swimming Federation was given full membership of the African Swimming Confederation. 974 Malaysia refused visas to thhe South African Golf Team for the World Cup Golf Tournament. Japan announced its, ban on -all racist South African sportsmen South Africa barred from participating in thq World Gymnastics Championships India refused to play South Africa in the final of the Davis Cup_(Tennis). 1' Italy rcanelled the tour of the South African Rugby Team. 1975 Mexico refused visas to the South Africans to play in the, Davis Cup Competition. The Australian Cricket Team's visit to South Africa cancelled Malaysia refused the South Africans visas to take part in the Wor)d Hockey Tournga ment held in Kuala Lumpur. New Zealand cancelled the tour of the racist South African Diggers Rugbv Team. Canada withdrew its invitation to the South African Athletics Team for the Pre-Olympic Competition. Mexico expelled the South Africans from the country and banned them from participating in the World Tennis Doubles Chanpionships. The British Government forced the organising committee to ban the South Africans from participating in the Water Ski-ing and Yachting Internationals. 1976 Brazil banned all sporting contact with racist South African sports teams. The German Federal Republic withdrew the invitation to the South African wrestling team to visit the country Guyana announced the ban on all non-Guyanans who participated in South Africa from entering the country. Mexico refused to play South Africa in the Davis Cup Coin tition. , Canadian Government banned the South Africans from the World Paraplegic Games. The British GOvernment forced the South Africans out of the World Squash Team Championship. voting enjoyed by the Western European and Anglo-Saxon countries. Sut South Africa and its allies are in for a rude shock in Montreal. African and Aan countries are demanding that either they are given more voting power or thdre be a parity in the voting; and the allies of apartheid will soon find themnelves unable to-defend racist Soeth Africa and its discriminatory policies. It is difficult to fathom why anyone would want to defend the racist South African Amateur Athletic Union when its President has openly stated that "Springbok colours would probably lose their prestige as a result of the Government's policy of allowing nonwhites to participate in international teams", Non-racial body keeps up the fightIT is heartening to see the officials of SACOS riding the waves of repression so admirably in South Africa. Its firm stand against the pressures and intimidatio'i of the police and other Government authorities has rejuvenated great hope and enthusiasm into all its affiliated disciplines. Officials of the South African Council on Sport have made repeated applications for passports but each time the racist regime has callously rejected their applications. RACE, AGA INST RACE: .South Africa's 'Multi-National' Sport Fraud by Joan Brickhill 6OP Illustrated Published by International Defence & Aid Fund, 104 Newgate Street, L6ndon EC1